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Shekhovtsov SV, Bulakhova NA, Tsentalovich YP, Osik NA, Meshcheryakova EN, Poluboyarova TV, Berman DI. Metabolic stability of the Pallas' spadefoot Pelobates vespertinus under extreme hypoxia. J Comp Physiol B 2024:10.1007/s00360-024-01584-y. [PMID: 39292257 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-024-01584-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
The Pallas' spadefoot Pelobates vespertinus is a frog species native to eastern Europe and west Siberia. This species resists harsh winter conditions by moving up to 2 m underground. This amphibian is the first species known to withstand extreme air hypoxia. In this study, we investigated the metabolome of liver, heart, and brain of the Pallas' spadefoot after a month-long exposure of hypoxia, with oxygen levels reduced to approximately one-tenth of the air normal content. Surprisingly, our findings revealed a limited impact of hypoxia on the metabolomic profiles. Concentrations of glycolysis end products (lactate and alanine) increased only slightly compared to other amphibians under hypoxia, and no accumulation of succinate was observed. Furthermore, there were no notable changes in the content of adenosine phosphates. These results are consistent with a previous study, which indicated that the Pallas' spadefoot possesses relatively small glycogen and fat reserves before the winter compared to other frogs. It appears that this species conserves energy during winter by minimizing its metabolic activity. These findings corroborated the hypothesis that the survival of P. vespertinus under hypoxic conditions primarily relies on metabolic suppression rather than substantial energy reserves.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Shekhovtsov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Lavrentieva av. 10, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.
- Institute of the Biological Problems of the North FEB RAS, Portovaya 18, Magadan, 685000, Russia.
| | - N A Bulakhova
- Institute of the Biological Problems of the North FEB RAS, Portovaya 18, Magadan, 685000, Russia
| | - Yu P Tsentalovich
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, Institutskaya 3a, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - N A Osik
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, Institutskaya 3a, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - E N Meshcheryakova
- Institute of the Biological Problems of the North FEB RAS, Portovaya 18, Magadan, 685000, Russia
| | - T V Poluboyarova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Lavrentieva av. 10, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - D I Berman
- Institute of the Biological Problems of the North FEB RAS, Portovaya 18, Magadan, 685000, Russia
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Nemkov T, Cendali F, Dzieciatkowska M, Stephenson D, Hansen KC, Jankowski CM, D’Alessandro A, Marker RJ. A Multiomics Assessment of Preoperative Exercise in Pancreatic Cancer Survivors Receiving Neoadjuvant Therapy: A Case Series. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2024; 31:166-182. [PMID: 38535623 PMCID: PMC10975467 DOI: 10.3390/pathophysiology31010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
To molecularly characterize the impact of exercise on mitigating neoadjuvant treatment (NAT)-induced physical decline in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients, a multi-omics approach was employed for the analysis of plasma samples before and after a personalized exercise intervention. Consisting of personalized aerobic and resistance exercises, this intervention was associated with significant molecular changes that correlated with improvements in lean mass, appendicular skeletal muscle index (ASMI), and performance in the 400-m walk test (MWT) and sit-to-stand test. These alterations indicated exercise-induced modulation of inflammation and mitochondrial function markers. This case study provides proof-of-principal application for multiomics-based assessments of supervised exercise, thereby supporting this intervention as a feasible and beneficial intervention for PDAC patients to potentially enhance treatment response and patient quality of life. The molecular changes observed here underscore the importance of physical activity in cancer treatment protocols, advocating for the development of accessible multiomics-guided exercise programs for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis Nemkov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (F.C.); (M.D.); (D.S.); (A.D.)
| | - Francesca Cendali
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (F.C.); (M.D.); (D.S.); (A.D.)
| | - Monika Dzieciatkowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (F.C.); (M.D.); (D.S.); (A.D.)
| | - Daniel Stephenson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (F.C.); (M.D.); (D.S.); (A.D.)
| | - Kirk C. Hansen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (F.C.); (M.D.); (D.S.); (A.D.)
| | | | - Angelo D’Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (F.C.); (M.D.); (D.S.); (A.D.)
| | - Ryan J. Marker
- Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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3
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Kistner S, Mack CI, Rist MJ, Krüger R, Egert B, Biniaminov N, Engelbert AK, Seifert S, Dörr C, Ferrario PG, Neumann R, Altmann S, Bub A. Acute effects of moderate vs. vigorous endurance exercise on urinary metabolites in healthy, young, physically active men-A multi-platform metabolomics approach. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1028643. [PMID: 36798943 PMCID: PMC9927024 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1028643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Endurance exercise alters whole-body as well as skeletal muscle metabolism and physiology, leading to improvements in performance and health. However, biological mechanisms underlying the body's adaptations to different endurance exercise protocols are not entirely understood. Methods: We applied a multi-platform metabolomics approach to identify urinary metabolites and associated metabolic pathways that distinguish the acute metabolic response to two endurance exercise interventions at distinct intensities. In our randomized crossover study, 16 healthy, young, and physically active men performed 30 min of continuous moderate exercise (CME) and continuous vigorous exercise (CVE). Urine was collected during three post-exercise sampling phases (U01/U02/U03: until 45/105/195 min post-exercise), providing detailed temporal information on the response of the urinary metabolome to CME and CVE. Also, fasting spot urine samples were collected pre-exercise (U00) and on the following day (U04). While untargeted two-dimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC×GC-MS) led to the detection of 608 spectral features, 44 metabolites were identified and quantified by targeted nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy or liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Results: 104 urinary metabolites showed at least one significant difference for selected comparisons of sampling time points within or between exercise trials as well as a relevant median fold change >1.5 or <0. 6 ¯ (NMR, LC-MS) or >2.0 or <0.5 (GC×GC-MS), being classified as either exercise-responsive or intensity-dependent. Our findings indicate that CVE induced more profound alterations in the urinary metabolome than CME, especially at U01, returning to baseline within 24 h after U00. Most differences between exercise trials are likely to reflect higher energy requirements during CVE, as demonstrated by greater shifts in metabolites related to glycolysis (e.g., lactate, pyruvate), tricarboxylic acid cycle (e.g., cis-aconitate, malate), purine nucleotide breakdown (e.g., hypoxanthine), and amino acid mobilization (e.g., alanine) or degradation (e.g., 4-hydroxyphenylacetate). Discussion: To conclude, this study provided first evidence of specific urinary metabolites as potential metabolic markers of endurance exercise intensity. Future studies are needed to validate our results and to examine whether acute metabolite changes in urine might also be partly reflective of mechanisms underlying the health- or performance-enhancing effects of endurance exercise, particularly if performed at high intensities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Kistner
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany,*Correspondence: Sina Kistner, ; Achim Bub,
| | - Carina I. Mack
- Department of Safety and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Manuela J. Rist
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ralf Krüger
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Björn Egert
- Department of Safety and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Nathalie Biniaminov
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ann Katrin Engelbert
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Stephanie Seifert
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Claudia Dörr
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Paola G. Ferrario
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Rainer Neumann
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Stefan Altmann
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany,TSG ResearchLab gGmbH, Zuzenhausen, Germany
| | - Achim Bub
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany,Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany,*Correspondence: Sina Kistner, ; Achim Bub,
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Cakmak A, Nemutlu E, Yabanoglu-Ciftci S, Baysal I, Kocaaga E, Coplu L, Inal-Ince D. Metabolomic, oxidative, and inflammatory responses to acute exercise in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Heart Lung 2023; 59:52-60. [PMID: 36724589 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2023.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is currently a need to identify metabolomic responses to acute exercise in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). OBJECTIVE We investigated the metabolomic, oxidative, and inflammatory responses to constant (CE) and intermittent (IE) work rate exercises in COPD. METHODS Sixteen males with COPD performed a symptom-limited incremental cycle exercise test (ICE). Metabolomic, oxidative, and inflammatory responses to CE and IE (based on the performance of ICE) were analyzed in the plasma. RESULTS Fructose-6-phosphate, 3-phosphoglyceric acid, l-carnitine, and acylcarnitines levels were significantly decreased, whereas alpha-ketoglutaric, malic, 2-hydroxybutyric, and 3-hydroxybutyric acids were increased, after CE and IE (p<0.05). Increases in citric, isocitric, and lactic acids, as well as decreases in pyruvic and oxalic acids, were only present with IE (p<0.05). Isoleucine was decreased after both exercises (p<0.05). We observed an increase in inosine-5'-diphosphate, uric acid, ascorbic acid, and pantothenic acid, as well as a decrease in 5-hydroxymethyluridine, threonic acid, and dehydroascorbic acid, after IE (p<0.05). Catalase, reduced glutathione, and total antioxidant status difference values for both exercises were similar (p>0.05). The change in glutathione peroxidase (GPx) with CE was more significant than that with IE (p = 0.004). The superoxide dismutase change was greater with IE than with CE (p = 0.015). There were no significant changes in inflammatory markers after exercise (p>0.05). CONCLUSION CE and IE cause isoleucine, l-carnitine, and acylcarnitine levels to decrease, whereas ketone bodies were increased, thus indicating the energy metabolism shift from carbohydrates to amino acid utilization and lipid metabolism in COPD. Compared with CE, IE produces significant changes in more metabolomics in terms of carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids, nucleotides, and vitamins. Acute CE and IE alter circulating GPx levels in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslihan Cakmak
- Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Emirhan Nemutlu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | | | - Ipek Baysal
- Vocational School of Health Services, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Elif Kocaaga
- Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Lutfi Coplu
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Chest Diseases, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Deniz Inal-Ince
- Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
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The role of exercise and hypoxia on glucose transport and regulation. Eur J Appl Physiol 2023; 123:1147-1165. [PMID: 36690907 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05135-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Muscle glucose transport activity increases with an acute bout of exercise, a process that is accomplished by the translocation of glucose transporters to the plasma membrane. This process remains intact in the skeletal muscle of individuals with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Exercise training is, therefore, an important cornerstone in the management of individuals with T2DM. However, the acute systemic glucose responses to carbohydrate ingestion are often augmented during the early recovery period from exercise, despite increased glucose uptake into skeletal muscle. Accordingly, the first aim of this review is to summarize the knowledge associated with insulin action and glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and apply these to explain the disparate responses between systemic and localized glucose responses post-exercise. Herein, the importance of muscle glycogen depletion and the key glucoregulatory hormones will be discussed. Glucose uptake can also be stimulated independently by hypoxia; therefore, hypoxic training presents as an emerging method for enhancing the effects of exercise on glucose regulation. Thus, the second aim of this review is to discuss the potential for systemic hypoxia to enhance the effects of exercise on glucose regulation.
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Kim HY, Lee JD, Lee YH, Seo SW, Lee HS, Kim S, Kim KB. Urinary Metabolomics in Young Soccer Players after Winter Training Season. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12121283. [PMID: 36557321 PMCID: PMC9784126 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12121283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
During the off-season, soccer players in Korea attend the winter training season (WTS) to build running stamina for the next season. For young soccer players, proper recovery time is needed to prevent injury or muscle damage. In this study, urinary metabolites in young players after 1, 5, and 10 days of the WTS were analyzed using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) combined with multivariate analysis to suggest appropriate recovery times for improving their soccer skills. After NMR analysis of the urine samples obtained from young players, 79 metabolites were identified, and each group (1, 5, or 10 days after WTS) was separated from the before the WTS group in the target profiling analysis using partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). Of these, 15 metabolites, including 1-methylnicotinamide, 3-indoxylsulfate, galactarate, glutamate, glycerol, histamine, methylmalonate, maltose, N-phenylacetylglycine, trimethylamine, urea, 2-hydroxybutyrate, adenine, alanine, and lactate, were significantly different than those from before the WTS and were mainly involved in the urea, purine nucleotide, and glucose-alanine cycles. In this study, most selected metabolites increased 1 day after the WTS and then returned to normal levels. However, 4 metabolites, adenine, 2-hydroxybutyrate, alanine, and lactate, increased during the 5 days of recovery time following the WTS. Based on excess ammonia, adenine, and lactate levels in the urine, at least 5 days of recovery time can be considered appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyang-Yeon Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
- Center for Human Risk Assessment, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Dae Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
- Center for Human Risk Assessment, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Hwan Lee
- Department of Exercise and Medical Science, Graduate School, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Won Seo
- Department of Sports Science, Gwangju University, Gwangju 61743, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Seong Lee
- Department of Exercise and Medical Science, Graduate School, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (H.-S.L.); (K.-B.K.)
| | - Suhkmann Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan Daehak-ro 63 beon-gil 2, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Bong Kim
- Center for Human Risk Assessment, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (H.-S.L.); (K.-B.K.)
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Savikj M, Stocks B, Sato S, Caidahl K, Krook A, Deshmukh AS, Zierath JR, Wallberg-Henriksson H. Exercise timing influences multi-tissue metabolome and skeletal muscle proteome profiles in type 2 diabetic patients - A randomized crossover trial. Metabolism 2022; 135:155268. [PMID: 35908579 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2022.155268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Metabolic effects of exercise may partly depend on the time-of-day when exercise is performed. We tested the hypothesis that exercise timing affects the adaptations in multi-tissue metabolome and skeletal muscle proteome profiles in men with type 2 diabetes. METHODS Men fitting the inclusion (type 2 diabetes, age 45-68 years and body mass index 23-33 kg/m2) and exclusion criteria (insulin treatment, smoking, concurrent systemic disease, and regular exercise training) were included in a randomized crossover trial (n = 15). Participants included in this metabolomics and proteomics analysis fully completed all exercise sessions (n = 8). The trial consisted of two weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIT) (three sessions/week) either in the morning (08:00, n = 5) or afternoon (16:45, n = 3), a two-week wash-out period, and an additional two weeks of HIT at the opposing time. Participants and researchers were not blinded to group allocation. Blood, skeletal muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue were obtained before the first, and after each training period. Broad-spectrum, untargeted proteomic analysis was performed on skeletal muscle, and metabolomic analysis was performed on all biosamples. Differential content was assessed by linear regression and pathway set enrichment analyses were performed. Coordinated metabolic changes across tissues were identified by Spearman correlation analysis. RESULTS Metabolic and proteomic profiles remained stable after two weeks of HIT, and individual metabolites and proteins were not altered, irrespective of the time of day at which the training was performed. However, coordinated changes in relevant metabolic pathways and protein categories were identified. Morning and afternoon HIT similarly increased plasma diacylglycerols, skeletal muscle acyl-carnitines, and subcutaneous adipose tissue sphingomyelins and lysophospholipids. Acyl-carnitines were central to training-induced metabolic cross-talk across tissues. Plasma carbohydrates, via the penthose phosphate pathway, were increased and skeletal muscle lipids were decreased after morning compared to afternoon HIT. Skeletal muscle lipoproteins were higher, and mitochondrial complex III abundance was lower after morning compared to afternoon HIT. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION We provide a comprehensive analysis of a multi-tissue metabolomic and skeletal muscle proteomic responses to training at different times of the day in men with type 2 diabetes. Increased circulating lipids and changes in adipose tissue lipid composition were common between morning and afternoon HIT. However, afternoon HIT increased skeletal muscle lipids and mitochondrial content to a greater degree than morning training. Thus, there is a diurnal component in the metabolomic and proteomic response to exercise in men with type 2 diabetes. The clinical relevance of this response warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mladen Savikj
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ben Stocks
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Shogo Sato
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, INSERM U1233, Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Kenneth Caidahl
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Krook
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Atul S Deshmukh
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Juleen R Zierath
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Dünnwald T, Paglia G, Weiss G, Denti V, Faulhaber M, Schobersberger W, Wackerhage H. High Intensity Concentric-Eccentric Exercise Under Hypoxia Changes the Blood Metabolome of Trained Athletes. Front Physiol 2022; 13:904618. [PMID: 35812339 PMCID: PMC9260056 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.904618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine alterations of the metabolome in blood plasma in response to concentric-eccentric leg exercise performed at a simulated altitude of 3,500 m. To do so, we recruited 11 well-trained subjects and performed an untargeted metabolomics analysis of plasma samples obtained before, 20 min after as well as on day 8 after five sets of maximal, concentric-eccentric leg exercises that lasted 90 s each. We identified and annotated 115 metabolites through untargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry metabolomics and used them to further calculate 20 sum/ratio of metabolites. A principal component analysis (PCA) revealed differences in-between the overall metabolome at rest and immediately after exercise. Interestingly, some systematic changes of relative metabolite concentrations still persisted on day 8 after exercise. The first two components of the PCA explained 34% of the relative concentrations of all identified metabolites analyzed together. A volcano plot indicates that 35 metabolites and two metabolite ratios were significantly changed directly after exercise, such as metabolites related to carbohydrate and TCA metabolism. Moreover, we observed alterations in the relative concentrations of amino acids (e.g., decreases of valine, leucine and increases in alanine) and purines (e.g., increases in hypoxanthine, xanthine and uric acid). In summary, high intensity concentric-eccentric exercise performed at simulated altitude systematically changed the blood metabolome in trained athletes directly after exercise and some relative metabolite concentrations were still changed on day 8. The importance of that persisting metabolic alterations on exercise performance should be studied further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Dünnwald
- Institute for Sports Medicine, Alpine Medicine and Health Tourism (ISAG), UMIT TIROL, Private University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Hall in Tirol, Austria
- *Correspondence: Tobias Dünnwald,
| | - Giuseppe Paglia
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Vedano al Lambro (MB), Italy
| | - Günter Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Vanna Denti
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Vedano al Lambro (MB), Italy
| | - Martin Faulhaber
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Schobersberger
- Institute for Sports Medicine, Alpine Medicine and Health Tourism (ISAG), UMIT TIROL, Private University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Hall in Tirol, Austria
- Tirol-Kliniken GmbH, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Henning Wackerhage
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
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9
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Gandhi S, Chinnadurai V, Bhadra K, Gupta I, Kanwar RS. Urinary metabolic modulation in human participants residing in Siachen: a 1H NMR metabolomics approach. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9070. [PMID: 35641596 PMCID: PMC9156790 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13031-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The main physiological challenge in high altitude environment is hypoxia which affects the aerobic metabolism reducing the energy supply. These changes may further progress toward extreme environment-related diseases. These are further reflected in changes in small molecular weight metabolites and metabolic pathways. In the present study, metabolic changes due to chronic environmental hypoxia were assessed using 1H NMR metabolomics by analysing the urinary metabolic profile of 70 people at sea level and 40 people at Siachen camp (3700 m) for 1 year. Multivariate statistical analysis was carried out, and PLSDA detected 15 metabolites based on VIP score > 1. ROC analysis detected cis-aconitate, Nicotinamide Mononucleotide, Tyrosine, Choline and Creatinine metabolites with a high range of sensitivity and specificity. Pathway analysis revealed 16 pathways impact > 0.05, and phenylalanine tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis was the most prominent altered pathway indicating metabolic remodelling to meet the energy requirements. TCA cycle, Glycine serine and Threonine metabolism, Glutathione metabolism and Cysteine alterations were other metabolic pathways affected during long-term high-altitude hypoxia exposure. Present findings will help unlock a new dimension for the potential application of NMR metabolomics to address extreme environment-related health problems, early detection and developing strategies to combat high altitude hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Gandhi
- Metabolomics Research Facility, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India.
| | - Vijayakumar Chinnadurai
- Cognitive Control and Machine Learning Centre, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Kuntal Bhadra
- Department of Endocrinology and Thyroid Research Centre, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Isha Gupta
- Metabolomics Research Facility, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Ratnesh Singh Kanwar
- Department of Endocrinology and Thyroid Research Centre, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi, 110054, India
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Stander Z, Luies L, van Reenen M, Howatson G, Keane KM, Clifford T, Stevenson EJ, Loots DT. Beetroot juice - a suitable post-marathon metabolic recovery supplement? J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2021; 18:72. [PMID: 34861868 PMCID: PMC8642879 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-021-00468-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Red beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) is a multifunctional functional food that reportedly exhibits potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, vasodilation, and cellular regulatory properties. This vegetable has gained a fair amount of scientific attention as a possible cost-effective supplement to enhance performance and expedite recovery after physical exercise. To date, no study has investigated the effects of incremental beetroot juice ingestion on the metabolic recovery of athletes after an endurance race. Considering this, as well as the beneficial glucose and insulin regulatory roles of beetroot, this study investigated the effects of beetroot juice supplementation on the metabolic recovery trend of athletes within 48 h after completing a marathon. METHODS By employing an untargeted two-dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry approach, serum samples (collected pre-, post-, 24 h post-, and 48 h post-marathon) of 31 marathon athletes that ingested a series (n = 7; 250 ml) of either beetroot juice (n = 15 athletes) or isocaloric placebo (n = 16 athletes) supplements within 48 h post-marathon, were analysed and statistically compared. RESULTS The metabolic profiles of the beetroot-ingesting cohort recovered to a pre-marathon-related state within 48 h post-marathon, mimicking the metabolic recovery trend observed in the placebo cohort. Since random inter-individual variation was observed immediately post-marathon, only metabolites with large practical significance (p-value ≤0.05 and d-value ≥0.5) within 24 h and 48 h post-marathon were considered representative of the effects of beetroot juice on metabolic recovery. These (n = 4) mainly included carbohydrates (arabitol and xylose) and odd-chain fatty acids (nonanoate and undecanoate). The majority of these were attributed to beetroot content and possible microbial fermentation thereof. CONCLUSION Apart from the global metabolic recovery trends of the two opposing cohorts, it appears that beetroot ingestion did not expedite metabolic recovery in athletes within 48 h post-marathon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zinandré Stander
- Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2531 South Africa
- North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Private Bag X6001, Box 269, Potchefstroom, 2520 South Africa
| | - Laneke Luies
- Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2531 South Africa
| | - Mari van Reenen
- Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2531 South Africa
| | - Glyn Howatson
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST UK
- Water Research Group, School of Environmental Sciences and Development, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2531 South Africa
| | - Karen M. Keane
- School of Science and computing, Department of Sport Exercise and Nutrition, Galway Mayo Institute of Technology, Galway, Republic of Ireland
| | - Tom Clifford
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, England
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Emma J. Stevenson
- School of Science and computing, Department of Sport Exercise and Nutrition, Galway Mayo Institute of Technology, Galway, Republic of Ireland
| | - Du Toit Loots
- Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2531 South Africa
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11
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Khoramipour K, Sandbakk Ø, Keshteli AH, Gaeini AA, Wishart DS, Chamari K. Metabolomics in Exercise and Sports: A Systematic Review. Sports Med 2021; 52:547-583. [PMID: 34716906 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-021-01582-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolomics is a field of omics science that involves the comprehensive measurement of small metabolites in biological samples. It is increasingly being used to study exercise physiology and exercise-associated metabolism. However, the field of exercise metabolomics has not been extensively reviewed or assessed. OBJECTIVE This review on exercise metabolomics has three aims: (1) to provide an introduction to the general workflow and the different metabolomics technologies used to conduct exercise metabolomics studies; (2) to provide a systematic overview of published exercise metabolomics studies and their findings; and (3) to discuss future perspectives in the field of exercise metabolomics. METHODS We searched electronic databases including Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and the SpringerLink academic journal database between January 1st 2000 and September 30th 2020. RESULTS Based on our detailed analysis of the field, exercise metabolomics studies fall into five major categories: (1) exercise nutrition metabolism; (2) exercise metabolism; (3) sport metabolism; (4) clinical exercise metabolism; and (5) metabolome comparisons. Exercise metabolism is the most popular category. The most common biological samples used in exercise metabolomics studies are blood and urine. Only a small minority of exercise metabolomics studies employ targeted or quantitative techniques, while most studies used untargeted metabolomics techniques. In addition, mass spectrometry was the most commonly used platform in exercise metabolomics studies, identified in approximately 54% of all published studies. Our data indicate that biomarkers or biomarker panels were identified in 34% of published exercise metabolomics studies. CONCLUSION Overall, there is an increasing trend towards better designed, more clinical, mass spectrometry-based metabolomics studies involving larger numbers of participants/patients and larger numbers of metabolites being identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayvan Khoramipour
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. .,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Blvd. 22 Bahman, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Øyvind Sandbakk
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Centre for Elite Sports Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Abbas Ali Gaeini
- Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - David S Wishart
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E9, Canada.,Department of Computing Science, University of Alberta, AB, T6G 2E9, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Karim Chamari
- ASPETAR, Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
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12
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Zagatto AM, Bishop DJ, Antunes BM, Beck WR, Malta ES, de Poli RAB, Cavaglieri CR, Chacon-Mikahil MPT, Castro A. Impacts of high-intensity exercise on the metabolomics profile of human skeletal muscle tissue. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2021; 32:402-413. [PMID: 34706104 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to identify and quantify the metabolites profile and metabolic pathways in human muscle tissue engaged during exhaustive high-intensity cycling exercise. Seven healthy physically active men performed a graded exercise test and an exhaustive supramaximal effort at 115% of maximal aerobic power with muscles biopsies performed in rest and immediately after exhaustion for quantifying of muscle metabolites changes by 1 H-NMR spectroscopy. The time until exhaustion (tlim) recorded was 224.7 ± 35.5 s whereas the muscle pH at exhaustion was 6.48 ± 0.05. A total of 54 metabolites were identified and quantified. The most enriched and impacted pathways included: beta oxidation of very long chain fatty acids, mitochondrial electron transport chain, alanine aspartate, and glutamate metabolism, citric acid cycle, arginine biosynthesis, propanoate metabolism, threonine and 2-oxobutanoate degradation and pyruvate metabolism. In addition, the muscle concentrations in Post exercise, compared to Pre increased significantly (p < 0.0398) for fumarate (42.0%), succinate (101.2%), glucose (249.7%), lactate (122.8%), O-acetylcarnitine (164.7%), glycerol (79.3%), AMP (288.2%), 2-oxobutyrate (121.0%), and methanol (58.5%), whereas decreased significantly (p < 0.010) for creatine phosphate (-70.2%), ADP (-56.5%), carnitine (-33.5%), and glutamate (-42.3%). Only the succinate was significantly correlated with tlim (r = -0.76; p = 0.0497). Besides the classical expected contribution of glycolytic and phosphagen energetic pathways, it was demonstrated that the high-intensity exercise is also associated with pathways indicatives of amino acid and fatty acid oxidation metabolisms, highlighting the inverse relation between changes in the intramuscular succinate levels and tlim.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro M Zagatto
- Laboratory of Physiology and Sport Performance (LAFIDE), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru, Brazil
| | - David J Bishop
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Footscray, Victoria, Australia
| | - Barbara Moura Antunes
- Laboratory of Physiology and Sport Performance (LAFIDE), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru, Brazil
| | - Wladimir R Beck
- Federal University of Sao Carlos (UFSCar), Sao Carlos, Brazil
| | - Elvis S Malta
- Laboratory of Physiology and Sport Performance (LAFIDE), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A B de Poli
- Laboratory of Physiology and Sport Performance (LAFIDE), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru, Brazil
| | - Claudia R Cavaglieri
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Alex Castro
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
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13
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The Importance of Lipidomic Approach for Mapping and Exploring the Molecular Networks Underlying Physical Exercise: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168734. [PMID: 34445440 PMCID: PMC8395903 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintaining appropriate levels of physical exercise is an optimal way for keeping a good state of health. At the same time, optimal exercise performance necessitates an integrated organ system response. In this respect, physical exercise has numerous repercussions on metabolism and function of different organs and tissues by enhancing whole-body metabolic homeostasis in response to different exercise-related adaptations. Specifically, both prolonged and intensive physical exercise produce vast changes in multiple and different lipid-related metabolites. Lipidomic technologies allow these changes and adaptations to be clarified, by using a biological system approach they provide scientific understanding of the effect of physical exercise on lipid trajectories. Therefore, this systematic review aims to indicate and clarify the identifying biology of the individual response to different exercise workloads, as well as provide direction for future studies focused on the body’s metabolome exercise-related adaptations. It was performed using five databases (Medline (PubMed), Google Scholar, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library). Two author teams reviewed 105 abstracts for inclusion and at the end of the screening process 50 full texts were analyzed. Lastly, 14 research articles specifically focusing on metabolic responses to exercise in healthy subjects were included. The Oxford quality scoring system scale was used as a quality measure of the reviews. Information was extracted using the participants, intervention, comparison, outcomes (PICOS) format. Despite that fact that it is well-known that lipids are involved in different sport-related changes, it is unclear what types of lipids are involved. Therefore, we analyzed the characteristic lipid species in blood and skeletal muscle, as well as their alterations in response to chronic and acute exercise. Lipidomics analyses of the studies examined revealed medium- and long-chain fatty acids, fatty acid oxidation products, and phospholipids qualitative changes. The main cumulative evidence indicates that both chronic and acute bouts of exercise determine significant changes in lipidomic profiles, but they manifested in very different ways depending on the type of tissue examined. Therefore, this systematic review may offer the possibility to fully understand the individual lipidomics exercise-related response and could be especially important to improve athletic performance and human health.
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14
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Zhou W, Zeng G, Lyu C, Kou F, Zhang S, Wei H. The effect of strength-endurance training on serum and urine metabolic profiles of female adolescent volleyball athletes. Physiol Int 2021; 108:285-302. [PMID: 34181565 DOI: 10.1556/2060.2021.00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Aim Limited investigations on metabolic responses to exercise training in female adolescent volleyball athletes exist. The aim of this study was to obtain serum and urine metabolite markers in female adolescent volleyball athletes within 2-week strength-endurance training using a metabolomics approach coupled with biochemical analysis, which would be potential biomarkers for evaluating the physiological state of athletes. Methods Twelve female adolescent volleyball athletes were recruited for 2-week strength-endurance training. Differential serum and urine metabolic profiles between the pre- and post-training group were obtained on gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and data subsequently underwent orthogonal partial least-squares analysis (OPLS). Results Strength-endurance training exerted a significant influence on the athletes' serum and urine metabolic profiles. The changed metabolites were primarily involved in energy metabolism, lipid metabolism and amino acids metabolism. Results support the hypothesis that female athletes displayed an increased propensity to oxidize lipids as the major energy source. Exposure to strength-endurance training also led to a significant increase in cortisol, but a decrease in testosterone, indicating disordered hormone adjustment. Exercise-induced oxidative stress occurred, as was evidenced by the decrease in reduced glutathione, and increases in blood malondialdehyde and oxidized glutathione. Since the muscle damage markers creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase did not show significant changes, the training might not cause cell membrane damage and the athletes did not cross the adaptive injury level. Conclusion By measurement of endogenous metabolites, the metabolomics study has the potential to reveal the global physiological changes in response to exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Zhou
- 1Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.,4Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - G Zeng
- 2Department of Rehabilitation, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - C Lyu
- 3Shanghai Zhulian Intelligent Technology CO., LTD, Shanghai 201323, China
| | - F Kou
- 1Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - S Zhang
- 2Department of Rehabilitation, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - H Wei
- 1Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
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15
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Ohmura H, Mukai K, Takahashi Y, Takahashi T. Metabolomic analysis of skeletal muscle before and after strenuous exercise to fatigue. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11261. [PMID: 34045613 PMCID: PMC8160181 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90834-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Thoroughbreds have high maximal oxygen consumption and show hypoxemia and hypercapnia during intense exercise, suggesting that the peripheral environment in skeletal muscle may be severe. Changes in metabolites following extreme alterations in the muscle environment in horses after exercise may provide useful evidence. We compared the muscle metabolites before and after supramaximal exercise to fatigue in horses. Six well-trained horses ran until exhaustion in incremental exercise tests. Biopsy samples were obtained from the gluteus medius muscle before and immediately after exercise for capillary electrophoresis–mass spectrometry analysis. In the incremental exercise test, the total running time and speed of the last step were 10.4 ± 1.3 (mean ± standard deviation) min and 12.7 ± 0.5 m/s, respectively. Of 73 metabolites, 18 and 11 were significantly increased and decreased after exercise, respectively. The heat map of the hierarchical cluster analysis of muscle metabolites showed that changes in metabolites were clearly distinguishable before and after exercise. Strenuous exercise increased many metabolites in the glycolytic pathway and the tricarboxylic acid cycle in skeletal muscle. Targeted metabolomic analysis of skeletal muscle may clarify the intramuscular environment caused by exercise and explain the response of working muscles to strenuous exercise that induces hypoxemia and hypercapnia in Thoroughbred horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Ohmura
- Sports Science Division, Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, 1400-4 Shiba, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, 329-0412, Japan.
| | - Kazutaka Mukai
- Sports Science Division, Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, 1400-4 Shiba, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, 329-0412, Japan
| | - Yuji Takahashi
- Sports Science Division, Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, 1400-4 Shiba, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, 329-0412, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Takahashi
- Sports Science Division, Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, 1400-4 Shiba, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, 329-0412, Japan
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16
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Metabolic Alterations Associated with γ-Hydroxybutyric Acid and the Potential of Metabolites as Biomarkers of Its Exposure. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11020101. [PMID: 33578991 PMCID: PMC7916753 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11020101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
γ-Hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) is an endogenous short chain fatty acid that acts as a neurotransmitter and neuromodulator in the mammalian brain. It has often been illegally abused or misused due to its strong anesthetic effect, particularly in drug-facilitated crimes worldwide. However, proving its ingestion is not straightforward because of the difficulty in distinguishing between endogenous and exogenous GHB, as well as its rapid metabolism. Metabolomics and metabolism studies have recently been used to identify potential biomarkers of GHB exposure. This mini-review provides an overview of GHB-associated metabolic alterations and explores the potential of metabolites for application as biomarkers of GHB exposure. For this, we discuss the biosynthesis and metabolism of GHB, analytical issues of GHB in biological samples, alterations in metabolic pathways, and changes in the levels of GHB conjugates in biological samples from animal and human studies. Metabolic alterations in organic acids, amino acids, and polyamines in urine enable discrimination between GHB-ingested animals or humans and controls. The potential of GHB conjugates has been investigated in a variety of clinical settings. Despite the recent growth in the application of metabolomics and metabolism studies associated with GHB exposure, it remains challenging to distinguish between endogenous and exogenous GHB. This review highlights the significance of further metabolomics and metabolism studies for the discovery of practical peripheral biomarkers of GHB exposure.
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17
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Grapov D, Fiehn O, Campbell C, Chandler CJ, Burnett DJ, Souza EC, Casazza GA, Keim NL, Hunter GR, Fernandez JR, Garvey WT, Hoppel CL, Harper M, Newman JW, Adams SH. Impact of a weight loss and fitness intervention on exercise-associated plasma oxylipin patterns in obese, insulin-resistant, sedentary women. Physiol Rep 2020; 8:e14547. [PMID: 32869956 PMCID: PMC7460071 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Very little is known about how metabolic health status, insulin resistance or metabolic challenges modulate the endocannabinoid (eCB) or polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-derived oxylipin (OxL) lipid classes. To address these questions, plasma eCB and OxL concentrations were determined at rest, 10 and 20 min during an acute exercise bout (30 min total, ~45% of preintervention V̇O2peak , ~63 W), and following 20 min recovery in overnight-fasted sedentary, obese, insulin-resistant women under controlled diet conditions. We hypothesized that increased fitness and insulin sensitivity following a ~14-week training and weight loss intervention would lead to significant changes in lipid signatures using an identical acute exercise protocol to preintervention. In the first 10 min of exercise, concentrations of a suite of OxL diols and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE) metabolites dropped significantly. There was no increase in 12,13-DiHOME, previously reported to increase with exercise and proposed to activate muscle fatty acid uptake and tissue metabolism. Following weight loss intervention, exercise-associated reductions were more pronounced for several linoleate and alpha-linolenate metabolites including DiHOMEs, DiHODEs, KODEs, and EpODEs, and fasting concentrations of 9,10-DiHODE, 12,13-DiHODE, and 9,10-DiHOME were reduced. These findings suggest that improved metabolic health modifies soluble epoxide hydrolase, cytochrome P450 epoxygenase (CYP), and lipoxygenase (LOX) systems. Acute exercise led to reductions for most eCB metabolites, with no evidence for concentration increases even at recovery. It is proposed that during submaximal aerobic exercise, nonoxidative fates of long-chain saturated, monounsaturated, and PUFAs are attenuated in tissues that are important contributors to the blood OxL and eCB pools.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- West Coast Metabolomics CenterUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCAUSA
| | - Caitlin Campbell
- United States Department of Agriculture‐Agricultural Research Service Western Human Nutrition Research CenterDavisCAUSA
| | - Carol J. Chandler
- United States Department of Agriculture‐Agricultural Research Service Western Human Nutrition Research CenterDavisCAUSA
| | - Dustin J. Burnett
- United States Department of Agriculture‐Agricultural Research Service Western Human Nutrition Research CenterDavisCAUSA
| | - Elaine C. Souza
- United States Department of Agriculture‐Agricultural Research Service Western Human Nutrition Research CenterDavisCAUSA
| | | | - Nancy L. Keim
- United States Department of Agriculture‐Agricultural Research Service Western Human Nutrition Research CenterDavisCAUSA
- Department of NutritionUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCAUSA
| | - Gary R. Hunter
- Department of Nutrition SciencesUniversity of AlabamaBirminghamALUSA
- Human Studies DepartmentUniversity of AlabamaBirminghamALUSA
| | - Jose R. Fernandez
- Department of Nutrition SciencesUniversity of AlabamaBirminghamALUSA
| | - W. Timothy Garvey
- Department of Nutrition SciencesUniversity of AlabamaBirminghamALUSA
| | - Charles L. Hoppel
- Pharmacology DepartmentCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOHUSA
| | - Mary‐Ellen Harper
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, and Ottawa Institute of Systems BiologyUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada
| | - John W. Newman
- United States Department of Agriculture‐Agricultural Research Service Western Human Nutrition Research CenterDavisCAUSA
- Department of NutritionUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCAUSA
| | - Sean H. Adams
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition CenterLittle RockARUSA
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockARUSA
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Kelly RS, Kelly MP, Kelly P. Metabolomics, physical activity, exercise and health: A review of the current evidence. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165936. [PMID: 32827647 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Physical activity (PA) and exercise are among the most important determinants of health. However, PA is a complex and heterogeneous behavior and the biological mechanisms through which it impacts individuals and populations in different ways are not well understood. Genetics and environment likely play pivotal roles but further work is needed to understand their relative contributions and how they may be mediated. Metabolomics offers a promising approach to explore these relationships. In this review, we provide a comprehensive appraisal of the PA-metabolomics literature to date. This overwhelmingly supports the hypothesis of a metabolomic response to PA, which can differ between groups and individuals. It also suggests a biological gradient in this response based on PA intensity, with some evidence for global longer-term changes in the metabolome of highly active individuals. However, many questions remain and we conclude by highlighting future critical research avenues to help elucidate the role of PA in the maintenance of health and the development of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel S Kelly
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Michael P Kelly
- Primary Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Forvie Site, Cambridge CB2 0SR. UK.
| | - Paul Kelly
- Physical Activity for Health Research Center (PAHRC), University of Edinburgh, St Leonard's Land, Edinburgh EH8 8AQ, UK.
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The unaided recovery of marathon-induced serum metabolome alterations. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11060. [PMID: 32632105 PMCID: PMC7338546 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67884-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Endurance athlete performance is greatly dependent on sufficient post-race system recovery, as endurance races have substantial physiological, immunological and metabolic effects on these athletes. To date, the effects of numerous recovery modalities have been investigated, however, very limited literature exists pertaining to metabolic recovery of athletes after endurance races without the utilisation of recovery modalities. As such, this investigation is aimed at identifying the metabolic recovery trend of athletes within 48 h after a marathon. Serum samples of 16 athletes collected 24 h before, immediately after, as well as 24 h and 48 h post-marathon were analysed using an untargeted two-dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry metabolomics approach. The metabolic profiles of these comparative time-points indicated a metabolic shift from the overall post-marathon perturbed state back to the pre-marathon metabolic state during the recovery period. Statistical analyses of the data identified 61 significantly altered metabolites including amino acids, fatty acids, tricarboxylic acid cycle, carbohydrates and associated intermediates. These intermediates recovered to pre-marathon related concentrations within 24 h post-marathon, except for xylose which only recovered within 48 h. Furthermore, fluctuations in cholesterol and pyrimidine intermediates indicated the activation of alternative recovery mechanisms. Metabolic recovery of the athletes was attained within 48 h post-marathon, most likely due to reduced need for fuel substrate catabolism. This may result in the activation of glycogenesis, uridine-dependent nucleotide synthesis, protein synthesis, and the inactivation of cellular autophagy. These results may be beneficial in identifying more efficient, targeted recovery approaches to improve athletic performance.
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Abstract
Exercise is a well-known non-pharmacologic agent used to prevent and treat a wide range of pathologic conditions such as metabolic and cardiovascular disease. In this sense, the classic field of exercise physiology has determined the main theoretical and practical bases of physiologic adaptations in response to exercise. However, the last decades were marked by significant advances in analytical laboratory techniques, where the field of biochemistry, genetics and molecular biology promoted exercise science to enter a new era. Regardless of its application, whether in the field of disease prevention or performance, the association of molecular biology with exercise physiology has been fundamental for unveiling knowledge of the molecular mechanisms related to the adaptation to exercise. This chapter will address the natural evolution of exercise physiology toward genetics and molecular biology, emphasizing the collection of integrated analytical approaches that composes the OMICS and their contribution to the field of molecular exercise physiology.
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21
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Grapov D, Fiehn O, Campbell C, Chandler CJ, Burnett DJ, Souza EC, Casazza GA, Keim NL, Newman JW, Hunter GR, Fernandez JR, Garvey WT, Hoppel CL, Harper ME, Adams SH. Exercise plasma metabolomics and xenometabolomics in obese, sedentary, insulin-resistant women: impact of a fitness and weight loss intervention. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 317:E999-E1014. [PMID: 31526287 PMCID: PMC6962502 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00091.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance has wide-ranging effects on metabolism, but there are knowledge gaps regarding the tissue origins of systemic metabolite patterns and how patterns are altered by fitness and metabolic health. To address these questions, plasma metabolite patterns were determined every 5 min during exercise (30 min, ∼45% of V̇o2peak, ∼63 W) and recovery in overnight-fasted sedentary, obese, insulin-resistant women under controlled conditions of diet and physical activity. We hypothesized that improved fitness and insulin sensitivity following a ∼14-wk training and weight loss intervention would lead to fixed workload plasma metabolomics signatures reflective of metabolic health and muscle metabolism. Pattern analysis over the first 15 min of exercise, regardless of pre- versus postintervention status, highlighted anticipated increases in fatty acid tissue uptake and oxidation (e.g., reduced long-chain fatty acids), diminution of nonoxidative fates of glucose [e.g., lowered sorbitol-pathway metabolites and glycerol-3-galactoside (possible glycerolipid synthesis metabolite)], and enhanced tissue amino acid use (e.g., drops in amino acids; modest increase in urea). A novel observation was that exercise significantly increased several xenometabolites ("non-self" molecules, from microbes or foods), including benzoic acid-salicylic acid-salicylaldehyde, hexadecanol-octadecanol-dodecanol, and chlorogenic acid. In addition, many nonannotated metabolites changed with exercise. Although exercise itself strongly impacted the global metabolome, there were surprisingly few intervention-associated differences despite marked improvements in insulin sensitivity, fitness, and adiposity. These results and previously reported plasma acylcarnitine profiles support the principle that most metabolic changes during submaximal aerobic exercise are closely tethered to absolute ATP turnover rate (workload), regardless of fitness or metabolic health status.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, Genome Center, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Caitlin Campbell
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, California
| | - Carol J Chandler
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, California
| | - Dustin J Burnett
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, California
| | - Elaine C Souza
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, California
| | - Gretchen A Casazza
- Sports Medicine Program, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Nancy L Keim
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, California
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California
| | - John W Newman
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, California
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Gary R Hunter
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama
- Human Studies Department, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jose R Fernandez
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - W Timothy Garvey
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Charles L Hoppel
- Pharmacology Department, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Mary-Ellen Harper
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sean H Adams
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
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22
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Sakaguchi CA, Nieman DC, Signini EF, Abreu RM, Catai AM. Metabolomics-Based Studies Assessing Exercise-Induced Alterations of the Human Metabolome: A Systematic Review. Metabolites 2019; 9:metabo9080164. [PMID: 31405020 PMCID: PMC6724094 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9080164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This systematic review provides a qualitative appraisal of 24 high-quality metabolomics-based studies published over the past decade exploring exercise-induced alterations of the human metabolome. Of these papers, 63% focused on acute metabolite changes following intense and prolonged exercise. The best studies utilized liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analytical platforms with large chemical standard libraries and strong, multivariate bioinformatics support. These studies reported large-fold changes in diverse lipid-related metabolites, with more than 100 increasing two-fold or greater within a few hours post-exercise. Metabolite shifts, even after strenuous exercise, typically return to near pre-exercise levels after one day of recovery. Few studies investigated metabolite changes following acute exercise bouts of shorter durations (< 60 min) and workload volumes. Plasma metabolite shifts in these types of studies are modest in comparison. More cross-sectional and exercise training studies are needed to improve scientific understanding of the human system’s response to varying, chronic exercise workloads. The findings derived from this review provide direction for future investigations focused on the body’s metabolome response to exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila A Sakaguchi
- Physical Therapy Department, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil.
| | - David C Nieman
- North Carolina Research Campus, Appalachian State University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Etore F Signini
- Physical Therapy Department, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Raphael M Abreu
- Physical Therapy Department, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Aparecida M Catai
- Physical Therapy Department, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil
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