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Liang W, Liu C, Yan X, Hou Y, Yang G, Dai J, Wang S. The impact of sprint interval training versus moderate intensity continuous training on blood pressure and cardiorespiratory health in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17064. [PMID: 38495758 PMCID: PMC10944631 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Although aerobic exercise is the primary modality recommended for the treatment of hypertension, it remains unclear whether high-intensity all-out sprint interval training (SIT) can result in greater reductions of blood pressure (BP) and cardiorespiratory health. This systematic review aims to compare the impact of SIT versus Moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on improvements in resting systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) among adults. Methods We conducted a systematic search of three online databases (PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science) from January 2000 to July 2023 to identify randomized controlled trials that compared the chronic effects of SIT versus MICT on BP in participants with high or normal blood pressure. We extracted information on participant characteristics, exercise protocols, BP outcomes, and intervention settings. Furthermore, the changes in VO2 max between the two groups were analyzed using a meta-analysis. The pooled results were presented as weighted means with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results Out of the 1,874 studies initially were found, eight were included in this review, totaling 169 participants. A significant decrease in SBP (MD = -2.82 mmHg, 95% CI [-4.53 to -1.10], p = 0.08, I2 =45%) was observed in the SIT group compared to before the training, but no significant decrease in DBP (MD = -0.75 mmHg, 95% CI [-1.92 to 0.42], p = 0.16, I2 = 33%) was observed. In contrast, both SBP (MD = -3.00 mmHg, 95% CI [-5.31 to -0.69], p = 0.68, I2 = 0%) and DBP (MD = -2.11 mmHg, 95% CI [-3.63 to -0.60], p = 0.72, I2 = 0%) significantly decreased in the MICT group with low heterogeneity. No significant difference was found in resting SBP and DBP between SIT and MICT after the intervention. Both SIT and MICT significantly increased VO2 peak, with SIT resulting in a mean difference (MD) of 1.75 mL/kg/min (95% CI [0.39-3.10], p = 0.02, I2 = 61%), and MICT resulting in a mean difference of 3.10 mL/kg/min (95% CI [1.03-5.18], p = 0.007, I2 = 69%). MICT was more effective in improving VO2 peak (MD = -1.36 mL/kg/min, 95% CI [-2.31 to 0.40], p = 0.56, I2 = 0%). Subgroup analysis of duration and single sprint time showed that SIT was more effective in reducing SBP when the duration was ≥8 weeks or when the sprint time was <30 s. Conclusion Our meta-analysis showed that SIT is an effective intervention in reducing BP and improving cardiorespiratory fitness among adults. Consequently, SIT can be used in combination with traditional MICT to increase the variety, utility, and time efficiency of exercise prescriptions for different populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibao Liang
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chuannan Liu
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xujie Yan
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Hou
- Department of Physical Education, Kunsan National University, Gunsan, South Korea
| | - Guan Yang
- School of Physical Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianmin Dai
- College of Sports Science, Kyungnam University, Changwon, South Korea
| | - Songtao Wang
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Astorino TA, Teske A, Sturdy R, Thomas H, Stavrinou PS, Bogdanis GC. Shorter Versus Longer Durations of Rowing-Based Interval Exercise Attenuate the Physiological and Perceptual Response. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2023; 94:1117-1125. [PMID: 36121694 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2022.2120176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: This study compared physiological and perceptual variables between short and long durations of rowing-based high intensity interval exercise (HIIE). Methods: Fourteen active adults (age = 26.4 ± 7.2 yr) performed incremental rowing exercise to fatigue to measure maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and peak power output (PPO). The subsequent 20 min sessions required HIIE (eight 60 s efforts at 85%PPO with 90 s of active recovery at 20%PPO or 24 20 s efforts at 85%PPO with 30 s of active recovery at 20%PPO) or moderate intensity continuous exercise (MICE) at 40%PPO. During exercise, VO2, heart rate (HR), blood lactate concentration (BLa), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and affective valence were measured. Results: Data show significantly (p < 0.001) higher peak VO2 (84 ± 7 vs. 76 ± 5%VO2peak, d = 0.99), peak HR (94 ± 4%HRpeak vs. 90 ± 4%HRpeak, d = 1.12), BLa (7.0 ± 2.5 mM vs. 4.1 ± 1.0 mM, d = 1.22), end-exercise RPE (12.8 ± 2.0 vs. 11.0 ± 1.7, d = 1.29), and lower affective valence (2.1 ± 1.6 vs. 2.9 ± 1.2, d = 0.61) with long versus short HIIE. Time spent above 85%HRpeak was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in short versus long HIIE (606 ± 259 vs. 448 ± 26 s, d = 0.91). Conclusion: Longer rowing-based intervals elicit greater cardiometabolic and perceptual strain versus shorter efforts, making the latter preferable to optimize perceptual responses to HIIE.
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Helgerud J, Hov H, Mehus H, Balto B, Boye A, Finsås L, Hoff J, Wang E. Aerobic high-intensity intervals improve V̇O 2max more than supramaximal sprint intervals in females, similar to males. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2023; 33:2193-2207. [PMID: 37608507 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max ) is a pivotal factor for aerobic endurance performance. Recently, aerobic high-intensity interval training (HIIT) was documented to be superior to sprint interval training (SIT) in improving V̇O2max in well-trained males. However, as mounting evidence suggests that physiological responses to training are sex-dependent, examining the effects of HIIT versus SIT on V̇O2max , anaerobic capacity, and endurance performance in females is warranted. METHODS We randomized 81 aerobically well-trained females (22 ± 2 years, 51.8 ± 3.6 mL∙kg-1 ∙min-1 V̇O2max ), training three times weekly for 8 weeks, to well-established protocols: (1) HIIT 4 × 4 min at ~95% of maximal aerobic speed (MAS), with 3 min active recovery (2) SIT 8 × 20 s at ~150% of MAS, with 10 s passive recovery (3) SIT 10 × 30 s at ~175% of MAS, with 3.5 min active recovery. RESULTS Only HIIT 4 × 4 min increased V̇O2max (7.3 ± 3.1%), different from both SIT groups (all p < 0.001). Anaerobic capacity (maximal accumulated oxygen deficit) increased following SIT 8 × 20 s (6.5 ± 10.5%, p < 0.05), SIT 10 × 30 s (14.4 ± 13.7%, p < 0.05; different from HIIT 4 × 4 min, p < 0.05). SIT 10 × 30 s resulted in eight training-induced injuries, different from no injuries following HIIT 4 × 4 min and SIT 8 × 20 s (p < 0.001). All groups improved long-distance (3000-meter) and sprint (300-meter) running performance (all p < 0.001). SIT protocols improved sprint performance more than HIIT 4 × 4 min (p < 0.05). Compared to previous male results, no increase in V̇O2max following SIT 8 × 20 s (p < 0.01), and a higher injury rate for SIT 10 × 30 s (p < 0.001), were evident. CONCLUSIONS In aerobically well-trained women, HIIT is superior to SIT in increasing V̇O2max while all-out treadmill running SIT is potentially more harmful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Helgerud
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Myworkout, Medical Rehabilitation Clinic, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Håkon Hov
- Myworkout, Medical Rehabilitation Clinic, Trondheim, Norway
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Social Care, Molde University College, Molde, Norway
| | - Håkon Mehus
- Physical Education, Sports Science and Outdoor Education, NORD University, Bodø, Norway
| | - Bård Balto
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anders Boye
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Lars Finsås
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jan Hoff
- Myworkout, Medical Rehabilitation Clinic, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Eivind Wang
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Social Care, Molde University College, Molde, Norway
- Department of Psychosis and Rehabilitation, Psychiatry Clinic, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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Maaloul R, Ben Dhia I, Marzougui H, Turki M, Kacem FH, Makhlouf R, Amar MB, Kallel C, Driss T, Elleuch MH, Ayadi F, Ghroubi S, Hammouda O. Is moderate-intensity interval training more tolerable than high-intensity interval training in adults with obesity? Biol Sport 2023; 40:1159-1167. [PMID: 37867744 PMCID: PMC10588567 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2023.123323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Interval training (IT) has been shown to be a time-effective alternative to traditional training programmes in the management of obesity. Nevertheless, studies comparing the effects of different IT intensities on inflammation, muscle and liver damage, and perceptual responses in people with obesity are relatively scarce. This study aimed to compare the acute effects of two different IT protocols matched by the mean load and duration on biochemical and perceptual responses in sedentary adults with obesity. Twenty-two volunteers (age = 33.40 ± 10.01 years, BMI = 38.29 ± 7.09 kg/m²) were randomized to perform two conditions: moderate-intensity IT (MIIT) 5 × 3 min (70% of peak power output (PPO))/2 min (45%PPO) and high-intensity IT (HIIT) 8 × 1 min (90%PPO)/2 min (45%PPO). Blood samples were drawn before and after exercise for biochemical and haematological measurements. Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was assessed during and after exercise. Perceptual pain was evaluated before, throughout and after exercise. C-reactive protein, white blood cells and neutrophils increased only after HIIT (p < 0.001, for all). Aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase increased in both HIIT and MIIT (p < 0.001, for all), without any difference between sessions. HIIT induced a greater increase of blood lactate compared to MIIT (p < 0.05). Pain and RPE scores were higher during HIIT vs. MIIT (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01, respectively). MIIT induced fewer immune system perturbations and less muscle pain and was perceived as more tolerable compared to HIIT session. Therefore, MIIT could be used as a first step to promote body adaptations before starting a HIIT programme in sedentary people with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami Maaloul
- Research Laboratory, Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, LR19ES13, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Tunisia
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Imen Ben Dhia
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia
- Research Laboratory: Evaluation and Management of Musculoskeletal System Pathologies, LR20ES09, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Houssem Marzougui
- Research Laboratory, Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, LR19ES13, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Tunisia
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mouna Turki
- Research Laboratory, Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, LR19ES13, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Faten Hadj Kacem
- Endocrinology Department, Hedi Chaker University Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Rihab Makhlouf
- Research Laboratory, Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, LR19ES13, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Ben Amar
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Choumous Kallel
- Department of hematology, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Tarak Driss
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health and Learning (LINP2), UFR STAPS, UPL, Paris Nanterre University, Nanterre, France
| | - Mohamed Habib Elleuch
- Research Laboratory: Evaluation and Management of Musculoskeletal System Pathologies, LR20ES09, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Ayadi
- Research Laboratory, Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, LR19ES13, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sameh Ghroubi
- Research Laboratory: Evaluation and Management of Musculoskeletal System Pathologies, LR20ES09, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Omar Hammouda
- Research Laboratory, Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, LR19ES13, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Tunisia
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health and Learning (LINP2), UFR STAPS, UPL, Paris Nanterre University, Nanterre, France
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Ekkekakis P, Vallance J, Wilson PM, Ewing Garber C. Extraordinary claims in the literature on high-intensity interval training (HIIT): III. Critical analysis of four foundational arguments from an interdisciplinary lens. PSYCHOLOGY OF SPORT AND EXERCISE 2023; 66:102399. [PMID: 37665861 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2023.102399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Kinesiology aspires to be an integrated, interdisciplinary field that studies human movement from multiple perspectives. However, the main societal deliverables of the field, namely exercise prescriptions and physical activity recommendations, still reflect fragmentation, placing more emphasis on physiological outcomes than on behavioral and other considerations. Recently, researchers have called for the introduction of High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) to the domain of public health, based on the argument that HIIT can maximize fitness and health benefits for a fraction of the time recommended by the prevailing model of physical activity in public-health guidelines. Here, we show that an unintended side-effect of arguments underpinning the implementation of HIIT in the domain of public health might have been the exacerbation of segmentation. To highlight the value of interdisciplinarity, four foundational claims in support of HIIT are critiqued by tapping into cognate literatures: (1) the primary reason people do not exercise is lack of time, (2) HIIT is relevant to public health, (3) HIIT is being proposed as merely another option, so there is no basis for controversy, and (4) HIIT is safe and well tolerated. These claims are contradicted by credible lines of evidence. To improve the accuracy and effectiveness of its public claims, kinesiology should remain committed to the ideals of integration and interdisciplinarity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeff Vallance
- Faculty of Health Disciplines, Athabasca University, Canada
| | | | - Carol Ewing Garber
- Department of Biobehavioral Sciences, Teachers College, Columbia University, USA
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Yasar Z, Ross MD, Gaffney CJ, Postlethwaite RD, Wilson R, Hayes LD. Aerobically trained older adults show impaired resting, but preserved exercise-induced circulating progenitor cell count, which was not improved by sprint interval training. Pflugers Arch 2023; 475:465-475. [PMID: 36786845 PMCID: PMC10011317 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-022-02785-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Older adults exhibit a reduced number and function of CD34 + circulating progenitor cells (CPC), a known risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Exercise promotes the mobilisation of CPCs from bone marrow, so whether ageing per se or physical inactivity in older age reduces CPCs is unknown. Thus, this study examined the effect of age on resting and exercise-induced changes in CPCs in aerobically trained adults and the effect of 8 weeks of sprint interval training (SIT) on resting and exercise-induced CPCs in older adults. Twelve young (22-34 years) and nine older (63-70 years) adults participated in the study. Blood was sampled pre and immediately post a graded exercise test to exhaustion in both groups. Older participants repeated the process after 8 weeks of SIT (3 × 20 s 'all-out' sprints, 2 × a week). Total CPCs (CD34+) and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs: CD34+KDR+) were determined by flow cytometry. Older adults exhibited lower basal total CD34+ CPCs (828 ± 314 vs. 1186 ± 272 cells·mL-1, p = 0.0149) and CD34+KDR+ EPCs (177 ± 128 vs. 335 ± 92 cells·mL-1, p = 0.007) than younger adults. The maximal exercise test increased CPCs in young (CD34+: p = 0.004; CD34+KDR+: p = 0.017) and older adults (CD34+: p < 0.001; CD34+KDR+: p = 0.008), without difference between groups (p = 0.211). SIT did not alter resting or exercise-induced changes in CPCs in the older cohort (p > 0.232). This study suggests age per se does not impair exercise-induced CPC counts, but does lower resting CPC counts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zerbu Yasar
- Active Ageing Research Group, Institute of Health, University of Cumbria, Lancaster, UK
| | - Mark D. Ross
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK
- School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Christopher J. Gaffney
- Lancaster Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | | | - Russell Wilson
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK
- School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lawrence D. Hayes
- Sport and Physical Activity Research Institute, School of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Glasgow, UK
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Hall AJ, Aspe RR, Craig TP, Kavaliauskas M, Babraj J, Swinton PA. The Effects of Sprint Interval Training on Physical Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Strength Cond Res 2023; 37:457-481. [PMID: 36165995 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Hall, AJ, Aspe, RR, Craig, TP, Kavaliauskas, M, Babraj, J, and Swinton, PA. The effects of sprint interval training on physical performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Strength Cond Res 37(2): 457-481, 2023-The present study aimed to synthesize findings from published research and through meta-analysis quantify the effect of sprint interval training (SIT) and potential moderators on physical performance outcomes (categorized as aerobic, anaerobic, mixed aerobic-anaerobic, or muscular force) with healthy adults, in addition to assessing the methodological quality of included studies and the existence of small study effects. Fifty-five studies were included (50% moderate methodological quality, 42% low methodological quality), with 58% comprising an intervention duration of ≤4 weeks and an array of different training protocols. Bayesian's meta-analysis of standardized mean differences (SMD) identified a medium effect of improved physical performance with SIT (ES 0.5 = 0.52; 95% credible intervals [CrI]: 0.42-0.62). Moderator analyses identified overlap between outcome types with the largest effects estimated for anaerobic outcomes (ES 0.5 = 0.61; 95% CrI: 0.48-0.75). Moderator effects were identified for intervention duration, sprint length, and number of sprints performed per session, with larger effects obtained for greater values of each moderator. A substantive number of very large effect sizes (41 SMDs > 2) were identified with additional evidence of extensive small study effects. This meta-analysis demonstrates that short-term SIT interventions are effective for developing moderate improvements in physical performance outcomes. However, extensive small study effects, likely influenced by researchers analyzing many outcomes, suggest potential overestimation of reported effects. Future research should analyze fewer a priori selected outcomes and investigate models to progress SIT interventions for longer-term performance improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy J Hall
- Department of Sport and Exercise, School of Health Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Rodrigo R Aspe
- Department of Sport and Exercise, School of Health Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas P Craig
- Department of Sport and Exercise, School of Health Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Mykolas Kavaliauskas
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom ; and
| | - John Babraj
- Division of Sport and Exercise Science, Abertay University, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Paul A Swinton
- Department of Sport and Exercise, School of Health Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
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Oliveira J, Gentil P, Naves JP, Souza Filho LF, Silva L, Zamunér AR, de Lira CA, Rebelo A. Effects of High Intensity Interval Training versus Sprint Interval Training on Cardiac Autonomic Modulation in Healthy Women. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12863. [PMID: 36232163 PMCID: PMC9566246 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For the prevention of cardiovascular diseases, the practice of physical exercises is an effective strategy in improving or maintaining cardiorespiratory health; however, a lack of time is a barrier to access and interval training appears as possible facilitator. This study aims to compare the effects of two interval training protocols on cardiac autonomic modulation in healthy women. METHODS we conducted a randomized clinical trial with 43 women with a mean age of 29.96 ± 6.25 years, allocated into two groups; high-intensity interval training (HIIT) consisting of four four-minute high-intensity sprints interspersed with three minutes of active recovery and the Sprint interval training (SIT) with four 30-s sprints all-out, interspersed with four minutes of recovery (active or passive). RESULTS the HIIT group presented better results for the patterns without variation (0V) variables (p = 0.022); Shannon entropy (p = 0.004) Conditional Entropy (p = 0.025). However, there was a significant group effect for some variables, Oxygen Volume (VO2) (p = 0.004), Square root of the mean quadratic differences between the adjacent normal R-R intervals (p = 0.002) and standard deviation of all normal R-R intervals recorded in a time interval (p = 0.003), demonstrating an improvement independent of the protocol. CONCLUSION we conclude that eight weeks of interval training were able to produce positive effects on cardiac autonomic modulation in healthy women, with better results for HIIT in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordana Oliveira
- Department of Physiotherapy, Araguaia University Center, Goiania 74223-060, Brazil
- Faculty of Medicine, Goias Federal University, Goiania 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Paulo Gentil
- Faculty of Physical Education and Dance, Goias Federal University, Goiania 74690-900, Brazil
| | - João Pedro Naves
- Faculty of Physical Education and Dance, Goias Federal University, Goiania 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Souza Filho
- Faculty of Medicine, Goias Federal University, Goiania 74690-900, Brazil
- Department of Physiotherapy, Estacio de Sá de Goias University Center, Goiania 74063-010, Brazil
| | - Lucas Silva
- Department of Physiotherapy, Araguaia University Center, Goiania 74223-060, Brazil
| | - Antonio Roberto Zamunér
- Laboratory of Clinical Research in Kinesiology, Department of Kinesiology, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 34809112, Chile
| | - Claudio Andre de Lira
- Faculty of Physical Education and Dance, Goias Federal University, Goiania 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Rebelo
- Faculty of Medicine, Goias Federal University, Goiania 74690-900, Brazil
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goias, Goiania 74690-900, Brazil
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Facemask Use During High Intensity Interval Exercise in Temperate and Hot Environments. J Occup Environ Med 2022; 64:421-428. [DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Skelly LE, Bailleul C, Gillen JB. Physiological Responses to Low-Volume Interval Training in Women. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2021; 7:99. [PMID: 34940959 PMCID: PMC8702506 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-021-00390-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Interval training is a form of exercise that involves intermittent bouts of relatively intense effort interspersed with periods of rest or lower-intensity exercise for recovery. Low-volume high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and sprint interval training (SIT) induce physiological and health-related adaptations comparable to traditional moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) in healthy adults and those with chronic disease despite a lower time commitment. However, most studies within the field have been conducted in men, with a relatively limited number of studies conducted in women cohorts across the lifespan. This review summarizes our understanding of physiological responses to low-volume interval training in women, including those with overweight/obesity or type 2 diabetes, with a focus on cardiorespiratory fitness, glycemic control, and skeletal muscle mitochondrial content. We also describe emerging evidence demonstrating similarities and differences in the adaptive response between women and men. Collectively, HIIT and SIT have consistently been demonstrated to improve cardiorespiratory fitness in women, and most sex-based comparisons demonstrate similar improvements in men and women. However, research examining insulin sensitivity and skeletal muscle mitochondrial responses to HIIT and SIT in women is limited and conflicting, with some evidence of blunted improvements in women relative to men. There is a need for additional research that examines physiological adaptations to low-volume interval training in women across the lifespan, including studies that directly compare responses to MICT, evaluate potential mechanisms, and/or assess the influence of sex on the adaptive response. Future work in this area will strengthen the evidence-base for physical activity recommendations in women.
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Martín-Escudero P, Cabanas AM, Fuentes-Ferrer M, Galindo-Canales M. Oxygen Saturation Behavior by Pulse Oximetry in Female Athletes: Breaking Myths. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2021; 11:bios11100391. [PMID: 34677347 PMCID: PMC8534025 DOI: 10.3390/bios11100391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The myths surrounding women’s participation in sport have been reflected in respiratory physiology. This study aims to demonstrate that continuous monitoring of blood oxygen saturation during a maximal exercise test in female athletes is highly correlated with the determination of the second ventilatory threshold (VT2) or anaerobic threshold (AnT). The measurements were performed using a pulse oximeter during a maximum effort test on a treadmill on a population of 27 healthy female athletes. A common behavior of the oxygen saturation evolution during the incremental exercise test characterized by a decrease in saturation before the aerobic threshold (AeT) followed by a second significant drop was observed. Decreases in peripheral oxygen saturation during physical exertion have been related to the athlete’s physical fitness condition. However, this drop should not be a limiting factor in women’s physical performance. We found statistically significant correlations between the maximum oxygen uptake and the appearance of the ventilatory thresholds (VT1 and VT2), the desaturation time, the total test time, and between the desaturation time and the VT2. We observed a relationship between the desaturation time and the VT2 appearance. Indeed, a linear regression model between the desaturation time and the VT2 appearance can predict 80% of the values in our sample. Besides, we suggest that pulse oximetry is a simple, fairly accurate, and non-invasive technique for studying the physical condition of athletes who perform physical exertion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Martín-Escudero
- Professional Medical School of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (P.M.-E.); (M.G.-C.)
| | - Ana María Cabanas
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1010064, Chile
- Correspondence:
| | - Manuel Fuentes-Ferrer
- Unit of Clinical Management (UGC), Department of Preventive Medicine, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Mercedes Galindo-Canales
- Professional Medical School of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (P.M.-E.); (M.G.-C.)
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13
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Hebisz P, Hebisz R. The Effect of Polarized Training (SIT, HIIT, and ET) on Muscle Thickness and Anaerobic Power in Trained Cyclists. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18126547. [PMID: 34207008 PMCID: PMC8296496 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18126547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of two different concepts in a training program on muscle thickness and anaerobic power in trained cyclists. Twenty-six mountain bike cyclists participated in the study and were divided into an experimental group (E), which performed polarized training, comprising sprint interval training (SIT), high-intensity interval training (HIIT), and endurance training (ET), and a control group (C), which performed HIIT and ET. The experiment was conducted over the course of 9 weeks. Laboratory tests were performed immediately before and after the conducted experiment, including an ultrasound measurement of the quadriceps femoris muscle thickness and a sprint interval testing protocol (SITP). During the SITP, the cyclists performed 4 maximal repetitions, 30 s each, with a 90-s rest period between the repetitions. SITP was performed to measure maximal and mean anaerobic power. As a result of the applied training program, the muscle thickness decreased and the mean anaerobic power increased in the experimental group. By contrast, no significant changes were observed in the control group. In conclusion, a decrease in muscle thickness with a concomitant increase in mean anaerobic power resulting from the polarized training program is beneficial in mountain bike cycling.
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14
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Kisiolek JN, Kheredia N, Flores V, Ramani A, Lisano J, Johnston N, Stewart LK. Short Term, Oral Supplementation with Optimized Curcumin Does Not Impair Performance Improvements Associated with High Intensity Interval Training. J Diet Suppl 2021; 19:733-746. [PMID: 34114918 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2021.1936335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin may improve athletic performance through a reduction in inflammation following exercise and improve mental states of well-being. The purpose of this investigation was to explore the effects of a 14 day HIIT intervention and oral supplementation with Longvida® optimized curcumin on athletic performance, lactate response, and well-being. Sixteen males and twenty females participated in a double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial to explore the effects of Longvida(R) optimized curcumin (1.0 g/day) and or a placebo (PLA) taken daily during a 14 day HIIT protocol. Participants were randomized into two groups, then evaluated in three groups, curcumin-fast (CURF), curcumin-slow (CURS) and placebo. Curcumin-fast and curcumin-slow were separated by their 16.1 km cycling time trial performance (TT) with CURF and CURS determined by a TT <30 min and >30 min at the pre intervention time point, respectively. Cycling time-trial performance, blood lactate response, and well-being assessments were determined at pre and post 14 day HIIT intervention time points. Blood lactate was recorded at baseline, 8.01 km, 15.1 km, and 1 min post, and 4 min post of the pre and post intervention TT. Following the internvetion, CONP and CURS experienced with 8.15% and 5.04% improvements in TT performance times, while CURF experienced a 0.57% improvement in TT performance time. No changes were observed with respect to other measures. When curcumin is taken daily in conjunction with 14 days of HIIT on a cycle ergometer, cycling performance in either well trained or more recreationally trained athletes is not impaired. Although the improvements in TT performance were not stasticially significant, they are noteworthy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob N Kisiolek
- School of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO, USA
| | | | - Victoria Flores
- School of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO, USA
| | - Arjun Ramani
- School of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO, USA
| | - Jonathon Lisano
- School of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO, USA
| | - Nora Johnston
- School of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO, USA
| | - Laura K Stewart
- School of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO, USA
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15
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Marin-Couture E, Pérusse L, Tremblay A. The fit-active profile to better reflect the benefits of a lifelong vigorous physical activity participation: mini-review of literature and population data. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2021; 46:763-770. [PMID: 33667123 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2020-1109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity is favourably considered for its effect on metabolic fitness and body composition. This observation is generally supported by observational studies and is concordant with endurance-trained individuals' metabolic and morphological profiles. However, in some contexts, the measurement of physical activity habits may not provide an adequate representation of its benefits. In this paper, we review relevant literature on the respective effects of fitness and physical activity on anthropometric and metabolic variables and the informative potential of a classification based on aerobic fitness and activity indicators. The relevance to defining a profile based on both fitness and activity is reinforced by data from the Quebec Family Study showing that, in both men and women, "fit-active" individuals displayed a much more favourable morphological and metabolic profile than "unfit-inactive" individuals. Moreover, these benefits seemed to be more related to variations in fitness than in physical activity. In summary, evidence suggests that a profile combining information on aerobic fitness and physical activity may better reflect the lifelong impact of physical activity on body composition and health. Novelty: The fit-active profile better reflects the long-term benefits of vigorous physical activity participation on health. The reported benefits seem to be more related to variations in aerobic fitness than to those in physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Marin-Couture
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.,Centre Nutrition, santé et société (NUTRISS), Institute of Nutrition and Functional Food (INAF), Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Louis Pérusse
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.,Centre Nutrition, santé et société (NUTRISS), Institute of Nutrition and Functional Food (INAF), Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Angelo Tremblay
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.,Centre Nutrition, santé et société (NUTRISS), Institute of Nutrition and Functional Food (INAF), Quebec City, QC, Canada.,Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Quebec City, QC, Canada
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16
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Gasparini-Neto VH, Caldas LC, de Lira CAB, Carletti L, Leite RD, Nikolaidis PT, Knechtle B, Vancini RL. Profile of blood pressure and glycemic responses after interval exercise in older women attending (in) a public health physical activity program. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2020; 25:119-125. [PMID: 33714482 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2020.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND and purpose: Interval exercise causes a positive impact on health status. Our aim was to evaluate the effects of a feasible and low-cost interval exercise on blood pressure and glycemic responses in people with controlled systemic arterial hypertension. METHODS Thirteen women with hypertension (HG; age: 60.2 ± 2.8 years) and 11 without hypertension (CG; age: 54.4 ± 3.8 years) were recruited. Groups performed one session of interval exercise with elastic resistance (10 series of 1:1 min/effort:rest). RESULTS There were slight reductions of absolute systolic blood pressure values for HG at 10, 30, and 60 min (4, 9, and 8 mmHg, respectively) at post-compared to pre-exercise. Glycemia was reduced (respectively, 17.6%, 17.6%, 19.4%, and 23.1%; p < 0.05) at pre-exercise vs. 0 min and 10, 30, and 60 min post-exercise for the HG. CONCLUSION A single session of a feasible and low-cost interval exercise modifies and promotes significant clinical effects in blood pressure and glycemic levels in female older adults with and without hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Hugo Gasparini-Neto
- Centro de Educação Física e Desportos (CEFD), Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória/ES, Brazil.
| | - Leonardo Carvalho Caldas
- Centro de Educação Física e Desportos (CEFD), Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória/ES, Brazil.
| | - Claudio Andre Barbosa de Lira
- Setor de Fisiologia Humana e do Exercício, Faculdade de Educação Física (FEF), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia/GO, Brazil.
| | - Luciana Carletti
- Centro de Educação Física e Desportos (CEFD), Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória/ES, Brazil.
| | - Richard Diego Leite
- Centro de Educação Física e Desportos (CEFD), Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória/ES, Brazil.
| | | | - Beat Knechtle
- Medbase St. Gallen Am Vadianplatz, St. Gallen and Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Rodrigo Luiz Vancini
- Centro de Educação Física e Desportos (CEFD), Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória/ES, Brazil.
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17
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Dupuit M, Maillard F, Pereira B, Marquezi ML, Lancha AH, Boisseau N. Effect of high intensity interval training on body composition in women before and after menopause: a meta-analysis. Exp Physiol 2020; 105:1470-1490. [PMID: 32613697 DOI: 10.1113/ep088654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the topic of this review? A meta-analysis of the efficacy of high intensity interval training (HIIT) in reducing weight, total fat mass (FM) and (intra)-abdominal FM in normal-weight and overweight/obese women before and after menopause. What advances does it highlight? HIIT programmes in women significantly decrease body weight and total and abdominal FM. Their effects are more evident in pre- than in postmenopausal women. Cycling HIIT seems more effective than running, especially in postmenopausal women, and training interventions longer than 8 weeks comprising three sessions a week should be promoted. ABSTRACT High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is a stimulating modality for reducing body weight and adipose tissue. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to assess the efficacy of HIIT in reducing weight, total fat mass (FM) and (intra)-abdominal FM in normal-weight and overweight/obese women before and after menopause. A structured electronic search was performed to find all publications relevant to our review. Stratified analyses were made of hormonal status (pre- vs. postmenopausal state), weight, HIIT modalities (cycling vs. running), programme duration (< or ≥8 weeks) and the methods used to measure body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry vs. computed tomography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging and others). A total of 38 studies involving 959 subjects were included. Our meta-analysis showed that overall HIIT programmes significantly decrease weight, total and abdominal FM in women. Both normal weight and overweight/obese women lost total FM after HIIT protocols whereas HIIT was only effective in decreasing abdominal FM in women with excess adiposity. When pre- and postmenopausal women were considered separately, the effect of HIIT on weight, total and abdominal FM were only significant before menopause. Cycling HIIT seemed more effective than running, especially in postmenopausal women, and training interventions longer than 8 weeks comprising three sessions were more efficient. HIIT is a successful strategy to lose weight and FM in normal weight and overweight/obese women. However, further studies are still needed to draw meaningful conclusions about the real effectiveness of HIIT protocols in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Dupuit
- Laboratory of Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), Université Clermont Auvergne, EA 3533, Clermont-Ferrand, 63171, France
| | - Florie Maillard
- Laboratory of Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), Université Clermont Auvergne, EA 3533, Clermont-Ferrand, 63171, France
| | - Bruno Pereira
- Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Biostatistics Unit (DRCI), Clermont-Ferrand, 63000, France
| | | | | | - Nathalie Boisseau
- Laboratory of Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), Université Clermont Auvergne, EA 3533, Clermont-Ferrand, 63171, France.,CRNH - Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes (CNRH-AURA), Clermont-Ferrand, 63000, France
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18
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Sprint Interval Running and Continuous Running Produce Training Specific Adaptations, Despite a Similar Improvement of Aerobic Endurance Capacity-A Randomized Trial of Healthy Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17113865. [PMID: 32485945 PMCID: PMC7312918 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17113865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate training-specific adaptations to eight weeks of moderate intensity continuous training (CT) and sprint interval training (SIT). Young healthy subjects (n = 25; 9 males and 16 females) performed either continuous training (30-60 min, 70-80% peak heart rate) or sprint interval training (5-10 near maximal 30 s sprints, 3 min recovery) three times per week for eight weeks. Maximal oxygen consumption, 20 m shuttle run test and 5·60 m sprint test were performed before and after the intervention. Furthermore, heart rate, oxygen pulse, respiratory exchange ratio, lactate and running economy were assessed at five submaximal intensities, before and after the training interventions. Maximal oxygen uptake increased after CT (before: 47.9 ± 1.5; after: 49.7 ± 1.5 mL·kg-1·min-1, p < 0.05) and SIT (before: 50.5 ± 1.6; after: 53.3 ± 1.5 mL·kg-1·min-1, p < 0.01), with no statistically significant differences between groups. Both groups increased 20 m shuttle run performance and 60 m sprint performance, but SIT performed better than CT at the 4th and 5th 60 m sprint after the intervention (p < 0.05). At submaximal intensities, CT, but not SIT, reduced heart rate (p < 0.05), whereas lactate decreased in both groups. In conclusion, both groups demonstrated similar improvements of several performance measures including VO2max, but sprint performance was better after SIT, and CT caused training-specific adaptations at submaximal intensities.
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19
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Is It Time to Rethink Our Weight Loss Paradigms? BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9040070. [PMID: 32252392 PMCID: PMC7235705 DOI: 10.3390/biology9040070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Strategies aiming to promote weight loss usually include anything that results in an increase in energy expenditure (exercise) or a decrease in energy intake (diet). However, the probability of losing weight is low and the probability of sustained weight loss is even lower. Herein, we bring some questions and suggestions about the topic, with a focus on exercise interventions. Based on the current evidence, we should look at how metabolism changes in response to interventions instead of counting calories, so we can choose more efficient models that can account for the complexity of human organisms. In this regard, high-intensity training might be particularly interesting as a strategy to promote fat loss since it seems to promote many physiological changes that might favor long-term weight loss. However, it is important to recognize the controversy of the results regarding interval training (IT), which might be explained by the large variations in its application. For this reason, we have to be more judicious about how exercise is planned and performed and some factors, like supervision, might be important for the results. The intensity of exercise seems to modulate not only how many calories are expended after exercise, but also where they came from. Instead of only estimating the number of calories ingested and expended, it seems that we have to act positively in order to create an adequate environment for promoting healthy and sustainable weight loss.
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20
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Papadopoulou SD, Zorzou A, Garcia-de-Alcaraz A, Rosemann T, Knechtle B, Nikolaidis PT. Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue in Female Volleyball Players: Is It Related with Performance Indices? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 56:medicina56040159. [PMID: 32252442 PMCID: PMC7230183 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56040159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background and objectives: The aim of the present study was to examine subcutaneous adipose tissue distribution in female volleyball players with regards to (a) variation by anatomical site, (b) differences among age groups and playing positions, and (c) physiological characteristics associated with performance. Materials and Methods: Participants were adolescent (n = 89, age 15.6 ± 0.9 years, mean ± standard deviation) and adult female volleyball players (n = 78, 24.8 ± 5.3 years), who performed a series of anthropometric and performance tests including skinfold thickness in 10 sites, Abalakov jump (AJ) and handgrip test (HG). Results: Chin had the smallest thickness, and iliac crest and abdomen the largest. The largest correlations of skinfold thickness were shown with regards to AJ ad HG. Coefficient of variations in skinfold thickness correlated with performance indices with small magnitude. Triceps and chin were the most frequent predictors of performance indices. The anatomical site of skinfold was near the active muscle groups related to performance in HG. Conclusions: In conclusion, performance indices such AJ and HG were related with thickness of specific skinfolds and with the variation of thickness by anatomical site (i.e., the less the variation, the better the performance). Considering the relevance of specific skinfolds (e.g., triceps and chin) for performance, their further use would be recommended for purposes of training monitoring, volleyball players’ selection and talent identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia D. Papadopoulou
- Laboratory of Evaluation of Human Biological Performance, Department of Physical Education & Sport Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Amalia Zorzou
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, 18450 Nikaia, Greece; (A.Z.); (P.T.N.)
| | - Antonio Garcia-de-Alcaraz
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain;
- LFE Research Group, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences-INEF, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Thomas Rosemann
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Beat Knechtle
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-69-7782-0298
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21
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Coswig VS, Barbalho M, Raiol R, Del Vecchio FB, Ramirez-Campillo R, Gentil P. Effects of high vs moderate-intensity intermittent training on functionality, resting heart rate and blood pressure of elderly women. J Transl Med 2020; 18:88. [PMID: 32066460 PMCID: PMC7027031 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02261-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study compared the effects of training and detraining periods of high-intensity interval training (HIIT), moderate-intensity interval training (MIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on functional performance, body composition, resting blood pressure and heart rate in elderly women nursing home residents. METHODS Forty-six volunteers (age, 80.8 ± 5.2 y; body mass, 69.8 ± 5.2 kg, height, 164.2 ± 4.12 cm) were divided into groups that performed treadmill exercise twice-weekly HIIT (4 bouts of 4-min intervals at 85-95% of the maximal heart rate [HRmax], interspersed by 4 min at 65% HRmax), MIIT (4 bouts of 4 min intervals at 55-75% HRmax, interspersed by 4 min at 45-50% HRmax) and MICT (30-min at 55-75% HRmax). Tests were performed before and after 8 weeks of training and 2 and 4 weeks of detraining. ANCOVA was used to analyze dependent variable changes. RESULTS After 8 weeks HIIT promoted greater reductions in body mass (HIIT = - 1.6 ± 0.1 kg; MICT = - 0.9 ± 0.1 kg; MIIT = - 0.9 ± 0.1 kg; p = 0.001), fat mass (HIIT = - 2.2 ± 0.1%; MICT = - 0.7 ± 0.1%; MIIT = - 1.2 ± 0.1%; p < 0.001) and resting heart rate (HIIT = - 7.3 ± 0.3%; MICT = - 3.6 ± 0.3%; MIIT = - 5.1 ± 0.3%; p < 0.001) and greater improvement in the chair stand test (HIIT = 3.4 ± 0.1 reps; MICT = 2.5 ± 0.1 reps; MIIT = 3.1 ± 0.1 reps; p < 0.001) when compared to MIIT and MICT. These improvements were sustained after 2 and 4 weeks of detraining only in the HIIT group. CONCLUSION HIIT promoted greater benefits for body composition and functional performance than MICT and MIIT and also showed less pronounced effects of detraining. This suggests that the intensity of physical exercise is an important factor to consider when prescribing exercise to the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matheus Barbalho
- College of Physical Education and Dance, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil.
- FEFD-Faculdade de Educação Física e Dança, Universidade Federal de Goiás-UFG, Campus Samambaia, Avenida Esperança s/n, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, Goiás, CEP: 74.690-900, Brazil.
| | - Rodolfo Raiol
- Center for Biological and Health Sciences, University Center of the State of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo
- Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Research Nucleus in Health Physical Activity, and Sport, Laboratory of Measurement and Assessment in Sport, Universidad de Los Lagos, Osorno, Chile
| | - Paulo Gentil
- College of Physical Education and Dance, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
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22
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Ferreira GA, Felippe LC, Bertuzzi R, Bishop DJ, Ramos IS, De-Oliveira FR, Lima-Silva AE. Does caffeine ingestion before a short-term sprint interval training promote body fat loss? Braz J Med Biol Res 2019; 52:e9169. [PMID: 31826183 PMCID: PMC6903805 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20199169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effect of caffeine ingestion combined with a 2-wk sprint interval training (SIT) on training-induced reductions in body adiposity. Twenty physically-active men ingested either 5 mg/kg of cellulose as a placebo (PLA, n=10) or 5 mg/kg of caffeine (CAF, n=10) 60 min before each SIT session (13×30 s sprint/15 s of rest). Body mass and skinfold thickness were measured pre- and post-training. Energy expenditure was measured at rest, during exercise, and 45 min after exercise in the first SIT session. Body fat was similar between PLA and CAF groups at pre-training (P>0.05). However, there was a significant decrease in body fat after training in the CAF group (−5.9±4.2%, P<0.05) but not in PLA (1.5±8.0%, P>0.05). There was no difference in energy expenditure at rest and during exercise between PLA and CAF groups (P>0.05), but the post-exercise energy expenditure was 18.3±21.4% greater in the CAF than in the PLA group (P<0.05). In conclusion, caffeine ingestion before SIT sessions induced a body fat loss that may be associated with higher post-exercise energy expenditure.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Ferreira
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Ciências dos Esportes, Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brasil
| | - L C Felippe
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Ciências dos Esportes, Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brasil
| | - R Bertuzzi
- Grupo de Estudos em Desempenho Aeróbio da USP, Escola de Educação Física e Esporte, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - D J Bishop
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.,School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
| | - I S Ramos
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Ciências dos Esportes, Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brasil
| | - F R De-Oliveira
- Núcleo de Estudos do Movimento Humano, Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brasil
| | - A E Lima-Silva
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Ciências dos Esportes, Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brasil.,Grupo de Pesquisa em Performance Humana, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
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23
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Silva LRB, Gentil PRV, Beltrame T, Basso Filho MA, Alves FM, Silva MS, Pedrino GR, Ramirez-Campillo R, Coswig V, Rebelo ACS. Exponential model for analysis of heart rate responses and autonomic cardiac modulation during different intensities of physical exercise. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2019; 6:190639. [PMID: 31824695 PMCID: PMC6837225 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.190639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the heart rate (HR) dynamics and variability before and after high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) protocols with workloads based on treadmill workload at which maximal oxygen uptake was achieved ( WL V ˙ O 2 max ) . Ten participants performed cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) to obtain oxygen uptake ( WL V ˙ O 2 max ) . All training protocols were performed on a treadmill, with 0% grade, and had similar total distance. The MICT was composed by 21 min at 70% of WL V ˙ O 2 max . The first HIIT protocol (HIIT-30 : 30) was composed by 29 repetitions of 30 s at 100% of s V ˙ O 2 max and the second HIIT protocol (HIIT-4 : 3) was composed by three repetitions of 4 min at 90% of WL V ˙ O 2 max . Before, during and after each training protocol, HR dynamics and variability (HRV) were analysed by standard kinetics and linear (time and frequency domains). The repeated measures analysis of variance indicated that the HR dynamics, which characterizes the speed of HR during the rest to exercise transition, was statistically (p < 0.05) slower during MICT in comparison to both HIIT protocols. The HRV analysis, which characterizes the cardiac autonomic modulation during the exercise recovery, was statistically higher in HIIT-4 : 3 in comparison to MICT and HIIT-30 : 30 protocols (p < 0.005 and p = 0.012, respectively), suggesting that the HIIT-4 : 3 induced higher sympathetic and lower parasympathetic modulation during exercise in comparison to the other training protocols. In conclusion, HIIT-4 : 3 demonstrated post-exercise sympathetic hyperactivity and a higher HRpeak, while the HIIT-30 : 30 and MICT resulted in better HRV and HR in the exercise-recovery transition. The cardiac autonomic balance increased in HIIT-30 : 30 while HIIT-4 : 3 induced sympathetic hyperactivity and cardiac overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Raphael Bento Silva
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty Araguaia, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
- Faculty of Physical Education and Dance, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Paulo Roberto Viana Gentil
- Faculty of Physical Education and Dance, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Thomas Beltrame
- Institute of Computing, University of Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Physiotherapy, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Sao Carlos, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Physiotherapy, Universidade Ibirapuera, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marco Antônio Basso Filho
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Social Sciences and Health, Pontifical Catholic University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Fagner Medeiros Alves
- Faculty of Physical Education and Dance, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Maria Sebastiana Silva
- Faculty of Physical Education and Dance, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Rodrigues Pedrino
- Center for Neuroscience and Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo
- Laboratory of Human Performance, Research Nucleus in Health, Physical Activity and Sport, GIAP in Quality of Life and Human Well-Being, Department of Physical Activity Science, Universidad de Los Lagos, Osorno, Chile
| | - Victor Coswig
- College of Physical Education, Federal University of Pará, Castanhal, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Silva Rebelo
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
- Department of Morphology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
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Lira CABD, Viana RB, Mesquista KP, Santos DDAT, Campos MH, Andrade MS, Vancini RL. Frequency and intensity of gastrointestinal symptoms in exercisers individuals at rest and during physical exercise: an internet-based survey. Intest Res 2019; 17:537-545. [PMID: 31060114 PMCID: PMC6821937 DOI: 10.5217/ir.2018.00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Despite the evidence of a modest to high prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms in recreational runners and endurance athletes, the frequency and intensity of GI symptoms in exercisers, but nonathletes, individuals from different modalities have been less investigated. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the prevalence of GI symptoms in individuals that practice moderate or vigorous physical exercise, at rest and during physical exercise training session. Methods The sample consisted of 142 exercisers individuals (64 women and 78 men with mean age of 32.9 ± 10.7 years). Out of the 142 participants, 71 reported to perform moderate physical exercise and 71 reported to perform vigorous physical exercise. Participants were assessed by an internet-based questionnaire designed to assess the frequency and intensity (at rest and during physical exercise training session) of 18 GI symptoms. Results The GI symptoms most frequently reported by the respondents (during rest and physical exercise training session, respectively) were flatulence (90.8% and 69.7%), abdominal noise (77.5% and 41.5%), and eructation (73.9% and 52.1%). Overall, the frequency and intensity of symptoms were higher (P< 0.050) during rest than physical exercise training session for who perform moderate and vigorous physical exercise. Conclusions It can be concluded that GI symptoms in exercisers, but nonathletes, individuals are more prevalent during rest than during physical exercise training session, suggesting that moderate and vigorous physical exercise may act as a regulator of the GI tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Andre Barbosa de Lira
- Human and Exercise Physiology Sector, Human Movement Assessment Laboratory, Faculty of Physical Education and Dance, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Borges Viana
- Human and Exercise Physiology Sector, Human Movement Assessment Laboratory, Faculty of Physical Education and Dance, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | | | - Douglas de Assis Teles Santos
- Human and Exercise Physiology Sector, Human Movement Assessment Laboratory, Faculty of Physical Education and Dance, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil.,Collegiate of Physical Education, Bahia State University, Teixeira de Freitas, Brazil
| | - Mário Hebling Campos
- Human and Exercise Physiology Sector, Human Movement Assessment Laboratory, Faculty of Physical Education and Dance, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo Luiz Vancini
- Center of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
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25
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Viana RB, Gentil P, Naves JPA, Rebelo ACS, Santos DAT, Braga MAO, de Lira CAB. Interval Training Improves Depressive Symptoms But Not Anxious Symptoms in Healthy Women. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:661. [PMID: 31572241 PMCID: PMC6751317 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Despite important advances in the relationship between exercise and mood disorders, especially regarding moderate-intensity continuous training, there is a lack of information about the chronic effects of interval training protocols. We compared the effects of two different interval training protocols [sprint interval training (SIT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT)] on depressive and anxious symptoms in healthy women. Methods: Thirty-six women were randomly allocated to HIIT (n = 18) or SIT (n = 18) groups and performed 24 training sessions over 8 weeks (thrice a week). Levels of state-trait anxiety and depressive symptoms were evaluated using State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and Beck Depression Inventory, respectively, before and after training intervention. Results: Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) did not reveal a significant effect of time (p > 0.05), group intervention (p > 0.05), or time × group interaction (p > 0.05) on state-trait anxiety; however, two-way ANOVA showed a significant effect of time on depressive symptoms (p = 0.025) but not group effect (p = 0.548) or time × group interaction (p = 0.373). Depressive symptoms of the participants in both HIIT and SIT groups were reduced from baseline, (ΔHIIT) -17.5 ± 27.9% and (ΔSIT) -28.6 ± 47.5%, respectively. Conclusion: HIIT and SIT groups similarly improved depressive symptoms but not anxiety levels in healthy and physically active young adult women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Borges Viana
- Faculty of Physical Education and Dance, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Paulo Gentil
- Faculty of Physical Education and Dance, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | | | | | - Douglas Assis Teles Santos
- Faculty of Physical Education and Dance, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil.,College of Physical Education, State Bahia University, Teixeira de Freitas, Brazil
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