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Cheng X, Yang Z. Effect of resistance training on inflammatory markers in middle-aged and older adults: A meta-analysis. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2024; 126:105536. [PMID: 38941946 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2024.105536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE A meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the impact of resistance training on pro-inflammatory cytokines c-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6 (IL 6), and tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF- α) in middle-aged and elderly individuals. METHODS The retrieval period for the Web of Science and other large electronic databases is set by default to March 2022. Both included and excluded researchers are independent examination literature on the impact of resistance exercise on markers of inflammation in the elderly. The physical medical care Evidence Database scale (Physical Therapy Evidence Database, PEDro) was used to evaluate the research quality, and Revmen 5.3 was used to end the index analysis. RESULTS After a total of four rounds of elimination, 12 items were eventually included. The total sample size for the research was 388 persons. Resistance training substantially reduced CRP levels in middle-aged and older individuals, with SMD = -0.56 and 95 % confidence interval ([-0.78, -0.34], P < 0.00001, correspondingly. Resistance training can successfully lower IL6 concentrations in middle-aged and older adults, although the combined impact is not substantial. SMD = -0.25, 95 % CI [-0.54, 0.04]; P = 0.09. TNF- concentrations did not alter significantly following resistance exercise in middle-aged and older adults. The overall effect was SMD = -0.07, with a 95 % confidence interval [-0.37, 0.23], while P = 0.64. CONCLUSION Resistance training reduces CRP, IL6, and TNF-α levels among middle-aged and elderly people. However, it has no significant anti-inflammatory effects on TNF-α. Resistance exercise at a moderate level for 3 times / week with a duration of 6-12 weeks or 16-32 weeks, significantly reduced CRP levels. This work contributing to exploring the resistance training program for the elderly to reduce inflammatory markers, and further, providing suggestions for the elderly to participate in resistance training and reduce the concentration of inflammatory markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinnian Cheng
- Department of Arts and Sports, Jieyang Polytechnic , Jieyang 52200, Guagdong, China
| | - Zhiqiang Yang
- Department of Sports theory teaching and research, Sports School in Shanwei City, Shanwei 516600, Guangdong, China.
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Tian S, Liang Z, Tian M, Qiu F, Yu Y, Mou H, Gao Y. Comparative efficacy of various exercise types and doses for depression in older adults: a systematic review of paired, network and dose-response meta-analyses. Age Ageing 2024; 53:afae211. [PMID: 39348911 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afae211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 10/02/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We assessed the effects of different exercise modalities and doses on depression levels in older adults. METHODS Systematic searches of the PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, PsycINFO, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and Scopus databases were conducted from the start of database construction until December 2023. Studies were included if they were randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of exercise interventions in older adults. Pairwise, network and dose-network meta-analyses were conducted using random-effects models for the outcome of depression in older adults. RESULTS A total of 80 RCTs with 5536 participants were included in this study. Network meta-analyses showed that resistance exercise [standardized mean difference (SMD) = - 0.68, 95% confidence interval (CI): - 0.90, - 0.46] and mind-body exercise (MBE; SMD = - 0.54, 95% CI: - 0.72, - 0.37) were the most effective forms of exercise for improving depression in older adults, followed by aerobic exercise (SMD = - 0.31, 95% CI: - 0.50, - 0.13) and mixed exercise (SMD = - 0.23, 95% CI: - 44, - 0.01). In addition, a U-shaped dose-response relationship was found between overall exercise dose and depression levels in older adults, and a significant response was seen after 390 metabolic equivalent (MET)-min/week. CONCLUSIONS Our study determined the effectiveness of different exercises in improving levels of older adults and found that resistance exercise and MBE were more effective adjunctive treatments. By providing the most effective treatments, older adults can reap the benefits of improving depression in older adults at doses lower than the World Health Organization guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shudong Tian
- School of Physical Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Zhide Liang
- Department of Physical Education, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Mengmeng Tian
- Weifang Municipal Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Weifang 261072, China
| | - Fanghui Qiu
- Department of Physical Education, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yingdanni Yu
- School of Physical Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Hong Mou
- School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yan Gao
- School of Physical Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
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Ritter Y, Pfister D, Steckhan GM, Voelter-Mahlknecht S, Weber B, Ellegast R, Koch C, Bausch F, Gruber M, Schwenk M. The work Lifestyle-integrated Functional Exercise program for preventing functional decline in employees aged 55 years and older: development and initial evaluation. Eur Rev Aging Phys Act 2024; 21:21. [PMID: 39107685 PMCID: PMC11304822 DOI: 10.1186/s11556-024-00356-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the global increase in older employees, workplace physical activity interventions (WPAIs) for this target group have not yet been sufficiently developed. The major drawback of existing WPAIs is low adherence due to lack of time or limited motivation. A novel approach could be to integrate tailored neuromotor and strength exercises into everyday working tasks to prevent the functional decline of older employees at the workplace without needing much additional time for training. This approach was tested in the present study by evaluating the proof-of-concept of a novel WPAI based on the Lifestyle-integrated Functional Exercise (LiFE) program integrated into a working environment (wLiFE55 +). METHODS The proof-of-concept of wLiFE55 + was quantified within a 4-week pre-post exercise intervention study by measuring (1) feasibility including adherence, activity frequency, adverse events and acceptance (integrability of wLiFE55 + activities, perceived improvement and safety, satisfaction, physical demand, personal trainer session, intervention content) and (2) pre-to-post changes in neuromotor function (12-Level Balance Scale, 12-LBS; Community Balance and Mobility Scale, CBM), strength (60sec Chair Stand Test), and PA (1-week activity monitoring). For statistical analysis, the median and interquartile range (IQR) were computed. For pre-to-post changes, Wilcoxon signed-rank tests with effect size (r) were also performed. RESULTS Seventeen older employees (mean age 59 years, 8 female) were included of which fifteen completed the study. The intervention adherence was 100%, and the activity adherence was 58% (9 out of 12 maximum possible wLiFE55 + activities implemented). Depending on the specific activity, the frequency of practice ranged between 25-75% of the days of the intervention period, and single wLiFE55 + activities were practiced between one and three times per day. No adverse events occurred, and acceptance was high. Pre-to-post increases with medium effect sizes were found for neuromotor function (CBM, 12-LBS) and specific PA variables (total sedentary time, sedentary bouts > 30 min). CONCLUSION The results of the study highlight the feasibility of wLiFE55 + in a work setting with older employees. The pre-to-post increases observed in neuromotor measures and reductions in sedentary time suggest that wLiFE55 + may counteract the age-related functional decline in older employees and justifies future studies in this field. The next steps are program adjustments to boost exercise frequency and evaluating wLiFE55 + in a randomized controlled trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Ritter
- Human Performance Research Centre, Department of Sport Science, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, Constance, 78464, Germany.
| | - Diana Pfister
- Human Performance Research Centre, Department of Sport Science, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, Constance, 78464, Germany
| | - Greta M Steckhan
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität Zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin, 13353, Germany
| | - Susanne Voelter-Mahlknecht
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität Zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin, 13353, Germany
| | - Britta Weber
- Institute for Occupational Health and Safety of the German Social Accident Insurance (IFA), Sankt Augustin, Germany
| | - Rolf Ellegast
- Institute for Occupational Health and Safety of the German Social Accident Insurance (IFA), Sankt Augustin, Germany
| | | | - Frank Bausch
- Managing Business Analyst, Capgemini, Cologne, Germany
| | - Markus Gruber
- Human Performance Research Centre, Department of Sport Science, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, Constance, 78464, Germany
| | - Michael Schwenk
- Human Performance Research Centre, Department of Sport Science, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, Constance, 78464, Germany
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Walker S, Sahinaho UM, Vekki S, Sulonen M, Laukkanen JA, Sipilä S, Peltonen H, Laakkonen E, Lehti M. Two-week step-reduction has limited negative effects on physical function and metabolic health in older adults. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024; 124:2019-2033. [PMID: 38383794 PMCID: PMC11199225 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-024-05426-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study determined the effects of a 2-week step-reduction period followed by 4-week exercise rehabilitation on physical function, body composition, and metabolic health in 70-80-year-olds asymptomatic for injury/illness. METHODS A parallel-group randomized controlled trial (ENDURE-study, NCT04997447) was used, where 66 older adults (79% female) were randomized to either intervention or control group. The intervention group reduced daily steps to < 2000, monitored by accelerometer, for two weeks (Period I) and then step-reduction requirement was removed with an additional exercise rehabilitation 4 times per week for 4 weeks (Period II). The control group continued their habitual physical activity throughout with no additional exercise intervention. Laboratory tests were performed at baseline, after Period I and Period II. The primary outcome measure was leg lean mass (LLM). Secondary outcomes included total lean and fat mass, blood glucose and insulin concentration, LDL cholesterol and HDL cholesterol concentration, maximal isometric leg press force (MVC), and chair rise and stair climb performance. RESULTS LLM remained unchanged in both groups and no changes occurred in physical function nor body composition in the intervention group in Period I. HDL cholesterol concentration reduced after Period I (from 1.62 ± 0.37 to 1.55 ± 0.36 mmol·L-1, P = 0.017) and returned to baseline after Period II (1.66 ± 0.38 mmol·L-1) in the intervention group (Time × Group interaction: P = 0.065). MVC improved after Period II only (Time × Group interaction: P = 0.009, Δ% = 15%, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Short-term step-reduction in healthy older adults may not be as detrimental to health or physical function as currently thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Walker
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Room VIV225, 40014-FI, Jyväskylä, Finland.
- NeuroMuscular Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Ulla-Maria Sahinaho
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Room VIV225, 40014-FI, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Sakari Vekki
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Room VIV225, 40014-FI, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Mari Sulonen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Room VIV225, 40014-FI, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jari A Laukkanen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Medicine, Wellbeing Services County of Central Finland, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Sarianna Sipilä
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Room VIV225, 40014-FI, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Heikki Peltonen
- JAMK University of Applied Science, The School of Business, Sport Business, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Eija Laakkonen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Room VIV225, 40014-FI, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Maarit Lehti
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Room VIV225, 40014-FI, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Wang P, Tadeo X, Chew HSJ, Sapanel Y, Ong YH, Leung NYT, Chow EKH, Ho D. N-of-1 health optimization: Digital monitoring of biomarker dynamics to gamify adherence to metabolic switching. PNAS NEXUS 2024; 3:pgae214. [PMID: 38881838 PMCID: PMC11179112 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
The digital health field is experiencing substantial growth due to its potential for sustained and longitudinal deployment. In turn, this may drive improved monitoring and intervention as catalysts for behavioral change compared to traditional point-of-care practices. In particular, the increase in incidence of population health challenges such as diabetes, heart disease, fatty liver disease, and other disorders coupled with rising healthcare costs have emphasized the importance of exploring technical, economics, and implementation considerations, among others in the decentralization of health and healthcare innovations. Both healthy individuals and patients stand to benefit from continued technical advances and studies in these domains. To address these points, this study reports a N-of-1 study comprised of sustained regimens of intermittent fasting, fitness (strength and cardiovascular training), and high protein, low carbohydrate diet and parallel monitoring. These regimens were paired with serial blood ketone, blood glucose (wearable and finger stick) and blood pressure readings, as well as body weight measurements using a collection of devices. Collectively this suite of platforms and approaches were used to monitor metabolic switching from glucose to ketones as energy sources-a process associated with potential cardio- and neuroprotective functions. In addition to longitudinal biomarker dynamics, this work discusses user perspectives on the potential role of harnessing digital devices to these dynamics as potential gamification factors, as well as considerations for the role of biomarker monitoring in health regimen development, user stratification, and potentially informing downstream population-scale studies to address metabolic disease, healthy aging and longevity, among other indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- Institute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
- The N.1 Institute for Health (N.1), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Xavier Tadeo
- Institute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
- The N.1 Institute for Health (N.1), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Han Shi Jocelyn Chew
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Yoann Sapanel
- Institute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
- Singapore's Health District @ Queenstown, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Yoong Hun Ong
- Institute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
- The N.1 Institute for Health (N.1), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Nicole Yong Ting Leung
- Institute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
- The N.1 Institute for Health (N.1), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Edward Kai-Hua Chow
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- Institute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
- The N.1 Institute for Health (N.1), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Dean Ho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- Institute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
- The N.1 Institute for Health (N.1), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
- Singapore's Health District @ Queenstown, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
- The Bia-Echo Asia Centre for Reproductive Longevity and Equality, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
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Akalu Y, Tallent J, Frazer AK, Siddique U, Rostami M, Vallance P, Howatson G, Walker S, Kidgell DJ. Strength-trained adults demonstrate greater corticoreticular activation versus untrained controls. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 59:2336-2352. [PMID: 38419404 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The rapid increase in strength following strength-training involves neural adaptations, however, their specific localisation remains elusive. Prior focus on corticospinal responses prompts this study to explore the understudied cortical/subcortical adaptations, particularly cortico-reticulospinal tract responses, comparing healthy strength-trained adults to untrained peers. Fifteen chronically strength-trained individuals (≥2 years of training, mean age: 24 ± 7 years) were compared with 11 age-matched untrained participants (mean age: 26 ± 8 years). Assessments included maximal voluntary force (MVF), corticospinal excitability using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), spinal excitability (cervicomedullary stimulation), voluntary activation (VA) and reticulospinal tract (RST) excitability, utilizing StartReact responses and ipsilateral motor-evoked potentials (iMEPs) for the flexor carpi radialis muscle. Trained participants had higher normalized MVF (6.4 ± 1.1 N/kg) than the untrained participants (4.8 ± 1.3 N/kg) (p = .003). Intracortical facilitation was higher in the strength-trained group (156 ± 49%) (p = .02), along with greater VA (98 ± 3.2%) (p = .002). The strength-trained group displayed reduced short-interval-intracortical inhibition (88 ± 8.0%) compared with the untrained group (69 ± 17.5%) (p < .001). Strength-trained individuals exhibited a greater normalized rate of force development (38.8 ± 10.1 N·s-1/kg) (p < .009), greater reticulospinal gain (2.5 ± 1.4) (p = .02) and higher ipsilateral-to-contralateral MEP ratios compared with the untrained group (p = .03). Strength-trained individuals displayed greater excitability within the intrinsic connections of the primary motor cortex and the RST. These results suggest greater synaptic input from the descending cortico-reticulospinal tract to α-motoneurons in strength-trained individuals, thereby contributing to the observed increase in VA and MVF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonas Akalu
- Monash Exercise Neuroplasticity Research Unit, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Science, Monash University, Frankston, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Human Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Jamie Tallent
- Monash Exercise Neuroplasticity Research Unit, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Science, Monash University, Frankston, Victoria, Australia
- School of Sport, Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
| | - Ashlyn K Frazer
- Monash Exercise Neuroplasticity Research Unit, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Science, Monash University, Frankston, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ummatul Siddique
- Monash Exercise Neuroplasticity Research Unit, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Science, Monash University, Frankston, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mohamad Rostami
- Monash Exercise Neuroplasticity Research Unit, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Science, Monash University, Frankston, Victoria, Australia
| | - Patrick Vallance
- Monash Exercise Neuroplasticity Research Unit, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Science, Monash University, Frankston, Victoria, Australia
| | - Glyn Howatson
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Water Research Group, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Simon Walker
- NeuroMuscular Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Dawson J Kidgell
- Monash Exercise Neuroplasticity Research Unit, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Science, Monash University, Frankston, Victoria, Australia
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Rocha JNDS, Pereira-Monteiro MR, Vasconcelos ABS, Pantoja-Cardoso A, Aragão-Santos JC, Da Silva-Grigoletto ME. Different resistance training volumes on strength, functional fitness, and body composition of older people: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2024; 119:105303. [PMID: 38128241 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2023.105303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Aging causes several changes in the body, reducing strength and muscle mass, which leads to a decline in function. Resistance training (RT) is used to counteract these changes. However, there is still ongoing debate about the optimal volume of RT in the context of aging. We systematically reviewed articles that assessed the impact of different volumes of RT on muscular strength, functional fitness, and body composition of older people. We conducted a systematic search in the PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, LILACS, PEDro, and Google Scholar databases, using keywords related to the older population and various RT volumes. We performed meta-analyses for each outcome separately using intervention time in weeks for subgroup analyses. We employed random effects models for all meta-analyses and expressed the results as standardized mean differences (Hedges' g). We included 31 studies, encompassing a total of 1.744 participants. The sample size ranged from 18 to 376, with an average size of 56 participants. Participants' ages ranged from 60 to 83 years. On average, HV-RT (High-Volume Resistance Training) induced significant adaptations in muscle strength of the upper limbs (g = 0.36; 95 % CI = 0.11-0.61) and lower limbs (g = 0.41; 95 % CI = 0.23-0.59), with superiority more pronounced after 12 weeks of training. Regarding functional fitness, there was a tendency favoring HV-RT (g = 0.41; 95 % CI = 0.23-0.59). Thus, HV-RT outperforms LV-RT (Low-Volume Resistance Training) in enhancing muscle strength, particularly in longer interventions with independent older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alan Pantoja-Cardoso
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe
| | - José Carlos Aragão-Santos
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences (PPGCS), Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Marzo Edir Da Silva-Grigoletto
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil; Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences (PROCFIS), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil; Graduate Program in Health Sciences (PPGCS), Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil; Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe
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Chomiuk T, Niezgoda N, Mamcarz A, Śliż D. Physical activity in metabolic syndrome. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1365761. [PMID: 38440349 PMCID: PMC10910017 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1365761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity has become one of the global epidemics, contributing to the burden of disease in society, increasing the risk of diabetes, cardiovascular and liver diseases. Inadequate energy balance resulting from excessive energy intake and insufficient physical activity (PA) is one of the main factors contributing to the incidence of obesity and the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Treatment options for obesity include lifestyle modifications, pharmacotherapy and bariatric surgery, with the latter being the most effective treatment. Lifestyle interventions involving increased PA and reduced caloric intake improve metabolic outcomes. Early implementation of exercise leads to improved physical fitness, better glycemic control and lipid profile. Undertaking systematic PA is associated with better quality of life, improves insulin sensitivity, causes additional weight loss, reduces its adverse effects on bone mass and results in better body composition. In this narrative review we summarized the current state of knowledge on the impact of PA on the components of MetS and the latest recommendations for PA in patients with MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natalia Niezgoda
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Kompf J, Rhodes R. A Systematic Review of the Mediators of Resistance Training Behavior. Int J Behav Med 2023:10.1007/s12529-023-10229-3. [PMID: 37880565 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-023-10229-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistance training (RT) has been identified as an important lifestyle activity for health. While systematic reviews have examined behavior change techniques (BCTs) used in interventions and potential correlates of RT behavior, the connection between BCTs and changes in putative mediators and RT participation have yet to be linked. The purpose of this review was to examine RT intervention effects, as coded by BCT clusters, on behavior change via capability, opportunity, and motivation as putative mediators of that change. METHOD Literature searches were concluded in January of 2023, using three databases. Eligible studies included a comparison group, assessed RT as an outcome, included BCTs, assessed potential mediators, and were in English. The initial search yielded 1050 hits, which was reduced to 5 to independent RT interventions. Screening of previous reviews yielded three additional papers for a total of 8 papers. Each paper was assessed for the associations between intervention effects (as BCT clusters) on mechanisms of action (a path), effects of mechanisms of action on behavior (b path), and indirect (ab path) and direct (c path) effects of BCT clusters. RESULTS There was support that interventions had significant effects on capability and opportunity with inconclusive effects on motivation (a path). Both capabilities and motivation had associations with RT behavior (b path). The examined studies showed that changes in capabilities have the strongest support as a mediator with some support for motivation as a mediator (ab path). Studies that used more BCT clusters seemed to have a more positive effect on behavior, yet there were no trends to suggest any one crucial BCT cluster (c path). CONCLUSION Current evidence suggests that capabilities and motivation are important to target in RT interventions. Future interventions would be well suited to utilize behavior change techniques that address these mediators.
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Khalafi M, Akbari A, Symonds ME, Pourvaghar MJ, Rosenkranz SK, Tabari E. Influence of different modes of exercise training on inflammatory markers in older adults with and without chronic diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cytokine 2023; 169:156303. [PMID: 37467710 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ageing can be accompanied by increased inflammation, which contributes to the development of sarcopenia. Exercise training could be effective for preventing sarcopenia and mitigate inflammation and thus a viable intervention in ageing. Therefore, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the effects of exercise training on markers of inflammation including interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and C-reactive protein (CRP) in older adults (≥65 years). Exercise-based interventions are most successful in preventing the decline in skeletal muscle mass and in preserving or ameliorating functional capacities with increasing age. METHOD PubMed and Web of Science were searched through to December 2021 using "exercise", "inflammatory markers", "elderly", and "randomized controlled trial" to identify randomized trials evaluating the effects of exercise training versus control groups on IL-6, TNF-α, and CRP in older adults with mean ages ≥ 65 yrs. Standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were determined using random effects models. RESULTS Forty studies involving 49 trials and 1,898 older adults were included in the meta-analysis. Overall, exercise training reduced IL-6 [-0.17 (95% CI -0.32 to -0.02), p = 0.02], TNF-α [-0.30 (95% CI -0.46 to -0.13), p = 0.001], and CRP [-0.45 (95% CI -0.61 to -0.29), p = 0.001]. Subgroup analyses showed that IL-6 was reduced significantly by combined training, TNF-α by aerobic training, and CRP by aerobic, resistance, and combined training. In addition, exercise training reduced IL-6 and TNF-α in older adults with chronic diseases, and CRP in older adults with and without chronic diseases. CONCLUSION The current results highlight that exercise training, regardless of exercise type, has small to moderate beneficial effects on markers of inflammation in older adults, particularly in those with chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mousa Khalafi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Amir Akbari
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Guilan, Iran
| | - Michael E Symonds
- Academic Unit of Population and Lifespan Sciences, Centre for Perinatal Research, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammad Javad Pourvaghar
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
| | - Sara K Rosenkranz
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, United States
| | - Elma Tabari
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Guilan, Iran
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11
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Wang YH, Tan J, Zhou HH, Cao M, Zou Y. Long-term exercise training and inflammatory biomarkers in healthy subjects: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1253329. [PMID: 37720640 PMCID: PMC10499556 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1253329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This meta-analysis investigated the effect of long-term exercise training (ET) including aerobic, resistance, and multicomponent ET on the levels of inflammatory biomarkers in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving healthy subjects. Methods We searched seven databases for articles until May 1st, 2023. A random-effect meta-analysis, subgroup analysis, meta-regressions as well as trim and fill method were conducted using STATA 16.0. Result Thirty-eight studies were included in the meta-analysis, involving 2,557 healthy subjects (mean age varies from 21 to 86 years). Long-term ET induced significantly decreased in the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) (SMD -0.16, 95% CI -0.30 to -0.03, p = 0.017), C-reactive protein (CRP) (SMD -0.18, 95% CI -0.31 to -0.06, p = 0.005), as well as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) (SMD -0.43, 95% CI -0.62 to -0.24, p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis revealed that Long-term ET conducted for more than 12 weeks and exercise of moderate intensity had greater anti-inflammatory effects. Meta-regression analysis showed that the reduction in CRP level induced by long-term ET was weakened by increasing exercise intensity. Conclusion Long-term ET induced significant anti-inflammatory effects in healthy subjects. Long-term ET-induced anti-inflammatory effects were associated with exercise of moderate intensity and training conducted for more than 12 weeks.Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/# myprospero, PROSPERO, identifier CRD42022346693.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Hai Wang
- College of Arts and Physical Education, Nanchang Normal College of Applied Technology, Nanchang, China
| | - Jingwang Tan
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huan-Huan Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Meng Cao
- Department of Physical Education, College of Sport, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yu Zou
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Rodrigues GDS, Rodrigues KP, de Almeida ML, Sobrinho ACDS, Noronha NY, Benjamim CJR, da Silva S, Rodrigues JAL, Júnior CRB. Comparing Fourteen Weeks of Multicomponent Training Versus Combined Training in Physically Inactive Older Women: A Randomized Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20032699. [PMID: 36768065 PMCID: PMC9916113 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Combined (CT) and multicomponent training (MT) presents several benefits for aging individuals. However, the literature does not provide evidence on which of the two physical training models can better enhance improvements in physical capacity and health parameters in middle-aged and older women. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare the effects of MT and CT on physical capacity, cognitive, behavioral, and psychosocial assessment, and biochemical profile of physically inactive women aged between 50 and 70 years. METHODS Participants were randomized into two groups: MT (32 women, 64.2 ± 6.4 years) and CT (39 women, 61.4 ± 4.3 years). Both training sessions had a weekly volume of 180 min, for 14 weeks, with assessments at baseline and after the training period. RESULTS CT showed better results when compared to MT. In the four evaluation blocks, we noticed differences in the effect size (L = large, M = moderate, S = small, and T = trivial) between the groups in 26 variables in total, highlighting the CT group (L = 11, M = 5, S = 2, and T = 8) compared to the MT group (L = 8, M = 7, S = 7, and T = 4). Our findings showed group-time differences for strength variables using the maximum dynamic repetition test in upper and lower limbs and for agility. The multicomponent training showed improvement in the functional strength of the upper limbs evaluated through the elbow flexion and extension test (p = 0.037), and HDL (p = 0.022). CONCLUSIONS Fourteen weeks of CT showed better benefits when compared to MT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme da Silva Rodrigues
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-907, SP, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-16-3315-0229
| | - Karine Pereira Rodrigues
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-907, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Natalia Yumi Noronha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-907, SP, Brazil
| | - Cicero Jonas Rodrigues Benjamim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-907, SP, Brazil
| | - Sabrina da Silva
- School of Physical Education of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-907, SP, Brazil
| | - Jhennyfer Aline Lima Rodrigues
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-907, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Roberto Bueno Júnior
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-907, SP, Brazil
- Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-907, SP, Brazil
- School of Physical Education of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-907, SP, Brazil
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Tomeleri CM, Cunha PM, Dib MM, Schiavoni D, Kassiano W, Costa B, Teixeira DC, Deminice R, Rodrigues RJ, Venturini D, Barbosa DS, Cavaglieri CR, Sardinha LB, Cyrino ES. Effect of Resistance Exercise Order on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Older Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1165. [PMID: 36673920 PMCID: PMC9859374 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We compared the effects of two specific resistance training (RT) exercise orders on cardiovascular risk factors. Forty-four untrained older women (>60 years) were randomly assigned to three groups: control (CON, n = 15), multi-joint to single-joint (MJ-SJ, n = 14), and single-joint to multi-joint (SJ-MJ, n = 15) exercise orders. Training groups performed a whole-body RT program (eight exercises, 3 × 10−15 repetitions for each exercise) over 12 weeks in 3 days/week. Body fat, triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL-c, LDL-c, VLDL-c, glucose, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, C-reactive protein, total radical-trapping antioxidant (TRAP), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), ferrous oxidation-xylenol (FOX), and nitric oxide concentrations (NOx) were determined pre- and post-intervention. Significant interaction group × time (p < 0.05) revealed reducing fat mass and trunk fat and improvements in glucose, LDL-c, IL-10, TNF-α, C-reactive protein, FOX, and AOPP concentrations in both training groups, without differences between them (p > 0.05). The results suggest that 12 weeks of RT, regardless of exercise order, elicit positive adaptations on body fat and metabolic biomarkers similarly in older women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crisieli M. Tomeleri
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil
| | - Paolo M. Cunha
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil
| | - Márcia M. Dib
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil
| | - Durcelina Schiavoni
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil
| | - Witalo Kassiano
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil
| | - Bruna Costa
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil
| | - Denilson C. Teixeira
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil
| | - Rafael Deminice
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil
| | - Ricardo José Rodrigues
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil
- Department of Pathology, Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil
| | - Danielle Venturini
- Department of Pathology, Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil
| | - Décio S. Barbosa
- Department of Pathology, Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil
| | - Cláudia R. Cavaglieri
- Faculty of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Luís B. Sardinha
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-004 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Edilson S. Cyrino
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil
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14
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Booker R, Holmes ME, Newton RL, Norris KC, Thorpe RJ, Carnethon MR. Compositional analysis of movement behaviors' association on high-sensitivity c-reactive protein: the Jackson heart study. Ann Epidemiol 2022; 76:7-12. [PMID: 36210008 PMCID: PMC9879574 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2022.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Movement behaviors (i.e. physical activity [PA], sedentary behavior [SB], and sleep) are intrinsically codependent, an issue resolved using compositional data analysis (CoDA). High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) is a nonspecific inflammatory marker positively associated with cardiovascular diseases and affected by movement behaviors. Examine the relation between movement behaviors using CoDA and how time reallocation between two movement behaviors was associated with hs-CRP concentration. METHODS The Jackson Heart Study was designed to investigate cardiovascular disease risk factors among African American participants in the Jackson, MS area. PA and sleep were self-reported with SB calculated as the remaining time in the day. RESULTS The median untransformed hs-CRP concentration was 0.28 mg·dL-1 (interquartile range; 0.11, 0.61). Reallocating 15 minutes of PA with SB, the hypothetical change in log hs-CRP concentration was 0.08 mg·dL-1 (95% CIs; 0.04, 0.11) greater than the average log hs-CRP concentration. Substituting 15 minutes of SB or sleep with PA was associated with a hypothetical change in log hs-CRP concentration difference of -0.05 mg·dL-1 (-0.08, -0.03) and -0.06 mg·dL-1 (-0.08, -0.03), respectively. Reallocations between SB and sleep were not associated with the hypothetical difference in log hs-CRP concentration. CONCLUSIONS Modeling estimates suggest replacing 15 minutes of SB with PA is associated with lower inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Booker
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL.
| | - Megan E Holmes
- Department of Kinesiology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS
| | | | - Keith C Norris
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Roland J Thorpe
- Program for Research on Men's Health, Hopkins Center for Health Disparities Solutions, John Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Mercedes R Carnethon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
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15
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Effect of Whey Protein Supplementation in Postmenopausal Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14194210. [PMID: 36235862 PMCID: PMC9572824 DOI: 10.3390/nu14194210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Whey protein (WP) in combination with resistance training (RT) is beneficial in improving sarcopenic obesity and its damaging effects in older adults, while the difference between men and women should be considered while interpreting results. This review aims to investigate WP's efficacy on postmenopausal women with or without RT; (2) Material and Methods: We searched electronic databases including PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library from inception to August 2021 for randomized controlled trials that included comparison groups to evaluate WP's efficacy in women aged 55 years and above. The outcomes included body composition, muscular strength, functional capacity, and dietary intake. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to estimate the effect of WP. We also performed subgroup analysis with or without RT; (3) Results: We included 14 studies in the systematic review and 10 studies in the meta-analysis. Subgroup analyses showed RT was a major confounder for muscle strength, lean mass, and dietary protein intake (PI). In the RT subgroup, WP supplementation had a significant positive effect on biceps curl strength (BC) (SMD: 0.6805, 95% CI: 0.176, 1.185, I2: 0%), and lower limb lean-mass (LLLM) (SMD: 1.103, 95% CI: 0.632, 1.574, I2: 14%). In the subgroup without RT, a significant negative effect on PI (SMD: -0.4225, 95% CI: -0.774, -0.071, I2: 47%) was observed, while no significant effect on muscle strength or lean mass was revealed. WP supplementation did not show a significantly different effect on fat mass or body weight loss in both the subgroups; (4) Conclusions: In postmenopausal women, WP supplementation only in combination with RT enhances BC and LLLM compared to placebo controls. Without RT, WP has no significant benefit on muscle strength or lean mass.
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Gehlert S, Weinisch P, Römisch-Margl W, Jaspers RT, Artati A, Adamski J, Dyar KA, Aussieker T, Jacko D, Bloch W, Wackerhage H, Kastenmüller G. Effects of Acute and Chronic Resistance Exercise on the Skeletal Muscle Metabolome. Metabolites 2022; 12:445. [PMID: 35629949 PMCID: PMC9142957 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12050445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance training promotes metabolic health and stimulates muscle hypertrophy, but the precise routes by which resistance exercise (RE) conveys these health benefits are largely unknown. AIM To investigate how acute RE affects human skeletal muscle metabolism. METHODS We collected vastus lateralis biopsies from six healthy male untrained volunteers at rest, before the first of 13 RE training sessions, and 45 min after the first and last bouts of RE. Biopsies were analysed using untargeted mass spectrometry-based metabolomics. RESULTS We measured 617 metabolites covering a broad range of metabolic pathways. In the untrained state RE altered 33 metabolites, including increased 3-methylhistidine and N-lactoylvaline, suggesting increased protein breakdown, as well as metabolites linked to ATP (xanthosine) and NAD (N1-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide) metabolism; the bile acid chenodeoxycholate also increased in response to RE in muscle opposing previous findings in blood. Resistance training led to muscle hypertrophy, with slow type I and fast/intermediate type II muscle fibre diameter increasing by 10.7% and 10.4%, respectively. Comparison of post-exercise metabolite levels between trained and untrained state revealed alterations of 46 metabolites, including decreased N-acetylated ketogenic amino acids and increased beta-citrylglutamate which might support growth. Only five of the metabolites that changed after acute exercise in the untrained state were altered after chronic training, indicating that training induces multiple metabolic changes not directly related to the acute exercise response. CONCLUSION The human skeletal muscle metabolome is sensitive towards acute RE in the trained and untrained states and reflects a broad range of adaptive processes in response to repeated stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Gehlert
- Department for Biosciences of Sports, Institute of Sport Science, University of Hildesheim, 31139 Hildesheim, Germany
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University, 50933 Cologne, Germany; (T.A.); (D.J.); (W.B.)
| | - Patrick Weinisch
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (P.W.); (W.R.-M.)
| | - Werner Römisch-Margl
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (P.W.); (W.R.-M.)
| | - Richard T. Jaspers
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Anna Artati
- Metabolomics and Proteomics Core, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany;
| | - Jerzy Adamski
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany;
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Kenneth A. Dyar
- Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany;
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thorben Aussieker
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University, 50933 Cologne, Germany; (T.A.); (D.J.); (W.B.)
| | - Daniel Jacko
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University, 50933 Cologne, Germany; (T.A.); (D.J.); (W.B.)
| | - Wilhelm Bloch
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University, 50933 Cologne, Germany; (T.A.); (D.J.); (W.B.)
| | - Henning Wackerhage
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 80809 Munich, Germany;
| | - Gabi Kastenmüller
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (P.W.); (W.R.-M.)
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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Dassanayake S, Sole G, Wilkins G, Gray E, Skinner M. Effectiveness of Physical Activity and Exercise on Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Adults with Resistant Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2022; 29:275-286. [PMID: 35366216 PMCID: PMC9050776 DOI: 10.1007/s40292-022-00517-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Resistant hypertension (RHT) is a phenotype of hypertension that is challenging to manage by medications alone. While high grade evidence supports physical activity (PA) and exercise to reduce blood pressure (BP) in hypertension, it is unclear whether these are also effective for RHT. AIMS To determine the quality of evidence for the effectiveness of PA and exercise and the change of magnitude of 24-hour ambulatory BP (24hABP) in adults with RHT. METHODS Scopus, MEDLINE, CINHAL, Web of Science, Embase and SPORTDiscus databases were searched. Cochrane risk of bias tools, Review Manager and Grading of the Recommendation Assessment, Development and Evaluation were used to assess the methodological quality, the clinical heterogeneity and quality of the evidence. RESULTS Four studies comprising 178 individuals in total were included. A meta-analysis with random effects showed decreased 24hABP. The experimental group demonstrated grater mean differences for 24hABP following the PA and exercise programmes (systolic - 9.88 mmHg, 95% CI: - 17.62, - 2.14, I2 = 72%, p = 0.01; diastolic - 6.24 mmHg, 95% CI: - 12.65, 0.17, I2 = 93%,p = 0.06); and aerobic exercise (systolic - 12.06 mmHg, 95% CI: - 21.14, - 2.96, I2 = 77%, p = 0.009, diastolic - 8.19 mmHg, 95% CI: - 14.83, - 1.55, I2 = 92% ,p = 0.02). In the included studies, indirectness and publication bias were 'moderate' while inconsistency and imprecision were rated as 'low'. Thus, the overall quality of the evidence was considered to be 'low'. CONCLUSIONS Low certainty evidence suggests that PA and aerobic exercise added to usual care may be more effective in 24hABP reduction in RHT than usual care alone. REGISTRATION PROSPERO-2019 CRD42019147284 (21.11.2019).
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Affiliation(s)
- Suranga Dassanayake
- School of Physiotherapy, Centre for Health, Activity and Rehabilitation Research, University of Otago, Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.
| | - Gisela Sole
- School of Physiotherapy, Centre for Health, Activity and Rehabilitation Research, University of Otago, Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Gerard Wilkins
- Department of Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Emily Gray
- School of Physiotherapy, Centre for Health, Activity and Rehabilitation Research, University of Otago, Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Margot Skinner
- School of Physiotherapy, Centre for Health, Activity and Rehabilitation Research, University of Otago, Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
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Amarante do Nascimento M, Nunes JP, Pina FLC, Ribeiro AS, Carneiro NH, Venturini D, Barbosa DS, Mayhew JL, Cyrino ES. Comparison of 2 Weekly Frequencies of Resistance Training on Muscular Strength, Body Composition, and Metabolic Biomarkers in Resistance-Trained Older Women: Effects of Detraining and Retraining. J Strength Cond Res 2022; 36:1437-1444. [PMID: 32868680 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Amarante do Nascimento, M, Nunes, JPA, Pina, FLC, Ribeiro, AS, Carneiro, NH, Venturini, D, Barbosa, DS, Mayhew, JL, and Cyrino, ES. Comparison of 2 weekly frequencies of resistance training on muscular strength, body composition, and metabolic biomarkers in resistance-trained older women: Effects of detraining and retraining. J Strength Cond Res 36(5): 1437-1444, 2022-This study aimed to compare the effects of 2 weekly frequencies of resistance training (RT) on muscular strength, body composition, and metabolic biomarkers in previously resistance-trained older women after detraining and retraining. Forty subjects (>60 years) performed RT (8 exercises, 1 set of 10-15 repetitions maximum) 2 (G2x) or 3 (G3x) times per week over 12 weeks of training and retraining. After training, subjects were detrained for 12 weeks. After detraining, there were significant decreases (p < 0.05) in upper-body (∼12%) and lower-body (∼14%) muscular strength, fat-free mass (FFM) (∼2%), and testosterone (∼26%), whereas increases were revealed for fat mass (FM) (∼4%), relative body fat (∼3%), fasting glucose (∼8%), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (∼21%), and triglycerides (∼24%), with no differences between groups (p > 0.05). Following retraining, there were significant increases (p < 0.05) for upper (∼7%) and lower (∼10%) muscular strength, FFM (∼2%), and testosterone (∼20%). In contrast, decreases were found for FM (∼7%), relative body fat (∼3%), fasting glucose (∼6%), LDL-C (∼14%), and triglycerides (∼21%), also with no differences between groups (p > 0.05). Gains after retraining were lower than after training (p < 0.05) only for upper- and lower-body muscular strength (∼6%) and testosterone (∼11%). Total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, IGF-1, and C-reactive protein did not change at any point in the study for either group (p > 0.05). Our results suggest that older women can regain previous RT program benefits following detraining, regardless of the weekly training frequency. However, some fitness components may take longer to reestablish than the initial training level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Amarante do Nascimento
- Paraná State University-UNESPAR, Paranavaí Campus, Physical Education Department, Paranavaí, Brazil
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - João Pedro Nunes
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Fábio L C Pina
- Center for Research in Health Science, University of Northern Paraná-UNOPAR, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Alex S Ribeiro
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, PR, Brazil
- Center for Research in Health Science, University of Northern Paraná-UNOPAR, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Nelson H Carneiro
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Danielle Venturini
- Clinical Analyses Laboratory, Londrina State University, Londrina, PR, Brazil ; and
| | - Décio S Barbosa
- Clinical Analyses Laboratory, Londrina State University, Londrina, PR, Brazil ; and
| | - Jerry L Mayhew
- Exercise Science Department, Truman State University, Kirksville, Missouri
| | - Edilson S Cyrino
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, PR, Brazil
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19
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Monjo H, Fukumoto Y, Asai T, Ohshima K, Kubo H, Tajitsu H, Koyama S. Changes in Muscle Thickness and Echo Intensity in Chronic Stroke Survivors: A 2-Year Longitudinal Study. J Clin Neurol 2022; 18:308-314. [PMID: 35196746 PMCID: PMC9163946 DOI: 10.3988/jcn.2022.18.3.308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose The objective of this study was to identify 2-year longitudinal changes in the muscle thickness (MT) and echo intensity (EI) of the abdominal, thigh, and lower limb muscles in chronic stroke survivors. Methods This study included 15 chronic stroke survivors aged 74.1±9.9 years. The MT, EI, and subcutaneous fat thickness values of the following muscles on the paretic and nonparetic sides were assessed on transverse ultrasound images: rectus abdominis, external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis, rectus femoris (RF), vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis (VL), vastus medialis, tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius, and soleus. The ultrasound measurements were performed both at baseline and 2 years later. Results After 2 years, the VL on the paretic side showed a significant decrease in MT (p=0.031) and increase in EI (p=0.002), whereas the RF on the nonparetic side showed a significant decrease in EI (p=0.046). Correlation coefficient analyses showed that changes in MT (r=0.668, p=0.012) and EI (r=0.597, p=0.018) of the VL on the paretic side were significantly associated with a change in the body mass index. Conclusions The findings of this longitudinal study suggest that the VL on the paretic side is subject to deteriorations in muscle quantity and quality, and conversely that the RF on the nonparetic side shows an improvement in muscle quality after 2 years in chronic stroke survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Monjo
- Headquarters of Avanzar Co., Ltd, Akashi, Japan.
| | - Yoshihiro Fukumoto
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Asai
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Kobe Gakuin University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kensuke Ohshima
- Graduate School of Rehabilitation, Kobe Gakuin University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kubo
- Department of Rehabilitation, Itami Kousei Neurosurgical Hospital, Itami, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Tajitsu
- Department of Rehabilitation, National Hospital Organization Wakayama Hospital, Tanabe, Japan
| | - Shota Koyama
- Department of Rehabilitation, Saiseikai Hyogoken Hospital, Kobe, Japan
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20
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Booker R, Chander H, Norris KC, Thorpe RJ, Vickers B, Holmes ME. Comparison of Leisure Time Physical Activities by Metabolic Syndrome Status among Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031415. [PMID: 35162437 PMCID: PMC8834730 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) increases the risk of premature morbidity and mortality. Physical activity (PA) beneficially affects MetS; however, it is unclear if PA types differ among adolescents 12-15 years old, according to their MetS status. This study compared self-reported PA types by MetS status. Methods: Using the 2015-2016 National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES) data, 664 adolescents self-reported PA in the past seven days. MetS status was assessed using Ford's pediatric adaptation of the ATP-III adult criteria. Pearson chi-square and t-tests were conducted to determine self-reported PA differences. Results: The adolescents' mean age was 13.47 years (95% CIs; 13.04, 14.38) and 52.69% were male (352). Twenty-seven (4.07%) adolescents were MetS positive. The prevalence of PA engagement in the past seven days was similar for MetS-positive and -negative adolescents (77.67% and 70.51%, respectively; p > 0.05). No significant differences were observed for PA type by MetS status. MetS-positive adolescents reported higher sedentary time (565.77 [438.99, 692.56] vs. 490.59 [377.86, 603.33] minutes per day, respectively; p = 0239). Conclusions: Engagement in specific PA types does not appear to differ by MetS status, but MetS-positive adolescents have significantly higher sedentary time. PA promotion should target a variety of activities to maximize the effectiveness of public health programs and interventions should target reducing sedentary time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Booker
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Harish Chander
- Department of Kinesiology, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA; (H.C.); (B.V.); (M.E.H.)
| | - Keith C. Norris
- Program for Research on Men’s Health, John Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (K.C.N.); (R.J.T.J.)
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Roland J. Thorpe
- Program for Research on Men’s Health, John Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (K.C.N.); (R.J.T.J.)
- Hopkins Center for Health Disparities Solutions, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Brad Vickers
- Department of Kinesiology, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA; (H.C.); (B.V.); (M.E.H.)
| | - Megan E. Holmes
- Department of Kinesiology, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA; (H.C.); (B.V.); (M.E.H.)
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21
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Effects of DHA-Rich n-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation and/or Resistance Training on Body Composition and Cardiometabolic Biomarkers in Overweight and Obese Post-Menopausal Women. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072465. [PMID: 34371972 PMCID: PMC8308734 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance training (RT) and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) supplementation have emerged as strategies to improve muscle function in older adults. Overweight/obese postmenopausal women (55–70 years) were randomly allocated to one of four experimental groups, receiving placebo (olive oil) or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-rich n-3 PUFA supplementation alone or in combination with a supervised RT-program for 16 weeks. At baseline and at end of the trial, body composition, anthropometrical measures, blood pressure and serum glucose and lipid biomarkers were analyzed. Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) and strength tests were also performed. All groups exhibit a similar moderate reduction in body weight and fat mass, but the RT-groups maintained bone mineral content, increased upper limbs lean mass, decreased lower limbs fat mass, and increased muscle strength and quality compared to untrained-groups. The RT-program also improved glucose tolerance (lowering the OGTT incremental area under the curve). The DHA-rich supplementation lowered diastolic blood pressure and circulating triglycerides and increased muscle quality in lower limbs. In conclusion, 16-week RT-program improved segmented body composition, bone mineral content, and glucose tolerance, while the DHA-rich supplement had beneficial effects on cardiovascular health markers in overweight/obese postmenopausal women. No synergistic effects were observed for DHA supplementation and RT-program combination.
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22
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The Effect of a Mixed Circuit of Aerobic and Resistance Training on Body Composition in Older Adults-Retrospective Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18115608. [PMID: 34073970 PMCID: PMC8197305 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ageing is inevitably associated with body composition changes, such as loss of muscle mass, increase in the total fat mass, and unfavorable reduction of subcutaneous fat. Physical activity exerts significant effects on the body composition. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of two different weekly doses of resistance-aerobic training on the body composition in older people. The study consisted in a retrospective data analysis of fitness club members aged ≥60. The trainees participated in resistance-aerobic training sessions two or three times/week for a minimum of two months. A body composition analysis was performed before and after the training sessions. Group 1 (36 subjects) and Group 2 (28 subjects) had two and three training sessions/week, respectively. A higher skeletal muscle mass was found in Group 1 and lower waist-hip-ratio indices were observed in Group 2. No statistically significant differences were found in the body mass, skeletal muscle mass, fat mass, total body water, lean mass, body mass index, visceral fat area between both groups. The number of training session/week proved to be statistically insignificant for all investigated variables. Resistance-aerobic training with two sessions/week may be as effective in maintaining proper body composition in older people as the same training at the dose of three sessions/week.
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23
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Igarashi Y, Akazawa N, Maeda S. The form of exercise to decrease resting blood pressure in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2021; 96:104431. [PMID: 34082273 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2021.104431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The current systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the relationship between the form of exercise and changes in resting blood pressure (RBP) in older adults and the overall level of evidence. METHODS The inclusion criteria were studies involving intervention with only regular exercise limited to subjects ≥65 years old. The combined changes in RBP in each study were calculated and the relationship between the form of exercise and changes in the RBP were evaluated. The overall evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach. RESULTS Nineteen studies (1081 subjects) were analyzed. The combined changes in the RBP decreased as a result of aerobic exercise or resistance exercise. The intensity of resistance exercise (METs) was related to the change in the RBP of systolic (meta-regression coefficient, -2.5 [95% confidence interval, -4.7 to -0.4]; R2=35.4%). When excluding studies with high overall risk of bias, the overall duration of aerobic exercise (weeks) was related to the change in the RBP of systolic (meta-regression coefficient, -0.6 [95% confidence interval, -1.0 to -0.2]; R2=93.2%). In addition, there was a low level of evidence overall for a decrease in RBP as a result of aerobic exercise, but there was a moderate level of evidence for a decrease in RBP as a results of resistance exercise. CONCLUSION A decrease in the RBP of systolic may be associated with active exercise in older adults. However, there may be insufficient evidence for the decrease in RBP as a result of aerobic exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Igarashi
- Osaka City University, 3‑3‑138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi‑ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan.
| | - Nobuhiko Akazawa
- Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, 3-15-1 Nishiga-oka, Kita-ku, Tokyo 115-0056, Japan; Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan
| | - Seiji Maeda
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-1192, Japan; Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan
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24
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Uimonen M, Repo JP, Grönroos K, Häkkinen A, Walker S. Validity and reliability of the motivation for physical activity (RM4-FM) questionnaire. J Exerc Rehabil 2021; 17:103-111. [PMID: 34012936 PMCID: PMC8103190 DOI: 10.12965/jer.2142194.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a lack of validated instruments measuring motivation for physical activity (RM4-FM) in the Finnish language. The study examined the translated RM4-FM instrument's psychometric properties in a sample of healthy, older Finnish adults. RM4-FM was translated and linguistically validated adhering to published guidelines. 65-75-year olds (n=102), completed the RM4-FM, the physical activity acceptance questionnaire (PAAQ) and sociodemographic characteristics questionnaires electronically. The RM4-FM was readministered one month after the initial assessment. RM4-FM translated well into Finnish. Motivation dimension scores were skewed towards high internal and low external motivation. A floor effect was confirmed in the external regulation dimension and a ceiling effect was confirmed in the identified regulation dimension. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated inadequacy of the four-dimension model. Separate assessment of each of the four motivation dimensions with Exploratory factor analysis showed unidimensionality for all dimensions. Exploratory factor analysis provided a best-fit model of three factors (influence of other people, intention of well-being and emotional aspect of motivation). Readministration of the instruments showed good test-retest reliability in all motivation dimensions. Female gender, higher education, and higher PAAQ score were associated with higher internal motivation and lower external motivation scores. The Finnish version of the RM4-FM instrument provides valid and reliable scores in assessing motivation for physical activity in healthy, older Finnish adults. The score distributions suggested shortages in the scale when evaluating internal motivation. The three-factor model of the RM4-FM provided more favorable structural validity compared to the original version.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikko Uimonen
- Department of Surgery, Central Finland Health Care District, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jussi P Repo
- Department of Surgery, Central Finland Health Care District, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Kiira Grönroos
- Health Sciences, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Arja Häkkinen
- Health Sciences, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.,Department of Physical Medicine, Central Finland Health Care District, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Simon Walker
- NeuroMuscular Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
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25
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Rioux BV, Brunt KR, Eadie AL, Bouchard DR, Fox J, Sénéchal M. Impact of Acute Circuit Training on Irisin in Younger and Older Overweight Adults. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2021; 46:1248-1256. [PMID: 33887165 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2020-1087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Studies show aerobic exercise increases irisin and leads to health benefits. The impact of circuit training (CT) on irisin in overweight younger and older adults is unknown. The objectives were to determine whether, during an acute bout of CT, changes in irisin differed between overweight younger and older adults, and if irisin is associated with body composition, fitness level, or muscle strength. Inactive, overweight adults aged between 19-35 (25.9 ± 5.0; n=15) and 60-75 years old (67.7 ± 4.1; n=14) participated in this study. The primary exposure variable was an acute bout of CT (12-15 repetitions; 65-70% of 1-repetition maximum; 3 loops). The primary outcome measure was the concentration of irisin determined by ELISA before, during, and after exercise. Repeated measures analyses showed no effect of time on irisin levels during acute CT, and no interaction effect between age and time (p >0.05). No associations were observed between changes in irisin and body composition, fitness, or strength (p >0.05). In conclusion, acute CT doesn't increase irisin in overweight individuals, nor is irisin associated with the measured outcomes. Further studies are needed to elucidate the release of irisin by different types of exercise across the lifespan. NCT03715088 NOVELTY: • Younger and older adults show a similar irisin response to an acute bout of circuit training. • Irisin response is not associated with measures of body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, nor muscle strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany V Rioux
- University of New Brunswick, 3427, Cardiometabolic Exercise & Lifestyle Lab, Faculty of Kinesiology, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada;
| | - Keith R Brunt
- Dalhousie University, 3688, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada;
| | - Ashley L Eadie
- Dalhousie University, 3688, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada;
| | - Danielle R Bouchard
- University of New Brunswick, 3427, Cardiometabolic Exercise & Lifestyle Lab, Faculty of Kinesiology, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada;
| | - Jill Fox
- University of New Brunswick, 3427, Cardiometabolic Exercise & Lifestyle Lab, Faculty of Kinesiology, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada;
| | - Martin Sénéchal
- University of New Brunswick, 3427, Cardiometabolic Exercise & Lifestyle Lab, Faculty of Kinesiology, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada;
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26
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Krčmár M, Halmová N, Krajčovič J, Krčmárová B. Muscular Strength, Functional Fitness, Body Composition, and Quality of Life after 12 Weeks of Detraining in Older Females. PHYSICAL & OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY IN GERIATRICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/02703181.2020.1809602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matúš Krčmár
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Education, Constantine the Philosopher University, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Nora Halmová
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Education, Constantine the Philosopher University, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Jaroslav Krajčovič
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Education, Constantine the Philosopher University, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Bohumila Krčmárová
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Education, Constantine the Philosopher University, Nitra, Slovakia
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27
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Pesonen H, Walker S, Ahtiainen JP, Hautasaari P, Tarkka IM. Ten-year resistance training background modulates somatosensory P3 cognitive brain resonse in older men: A magnetoencephalograpy study. Exp Gerontol 2021; 149:111312. [PMID: 33716112 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The brain electrophysiological component P3, associated with good cognitive abilities, deteriorates during healthy aging. Both cognitive functions and P3 component amplitude respond positively to exercise, but the effects of resistance training on P3 are much less studied. Short-term resistance training interventions in older adults indicate modulation towards larger P3 amplitude, but this association has not been studied with a longitudinal study design. We investigated magnetoencephalographically recorded P3 (P3m) in a unique study design of nine aged men (mean age 77.7 y) with quasi-supervised resistance training background over a 10-year period and eight controls of similar age (mean age 77.5 y) with no training background. We elicited P3m utilizing lower limb electrical stimulation, as the resistance training program was mostly directed to lower limbs. Somatosensory oddball paradigm was performed with the right foot's fourth toe as standard (90%) and hallux as deviant (10%). Participants were asked to respond to deviants with a button press using their left index finger. Topographic maps showed bilateral temporoparietal activation for P3m in both groups. No amplitude differences were found in active P3m regions between groups. However, the groups differed in hemispheric activity of P3m. The exercise group showed stronger activation in the right frontotemporal and parietal sensor-groups compared to the left sensor-groups, and the control group showed stronger activation in right frontotemporal sensor-group compared to left. The control group showed shorter P3m latency in the right temporal sensor-group than the exercise group, but the latencies in other sensor-groups were similar. In aging, the brain utilizes compensatory areas to perform cognitive tasks. Our results suggest modulation in topographic distribution of P3m activity in aging men with long-term resistance training background compared to their controls. This might arise from a difference in age-related compensatory mechanisms in P3m generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Pesonen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Simon Walker
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland; NeuroMuscular Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Juha P Ahtiainen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland; NeuroMuscular Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Pekka Hautasaari
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Ina M Tarkka
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland; Jyväskylä Centre for Interdisciplinary Brain Research (CIBR), University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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28
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Stojanović MDM, Mikić MJ, Milošević Z, Vuković J, Jezdimirović T, Vučetić V. Effects of Chair-Based, Low-Load Elastic Band Resistance Training on Functional Fitness and Metabolic Biomarkers in Older Women. JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCE AND MEDICINE 2021; 20:133-141. [PMID: 33707996 DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2021.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Strength training can improve myriad health parameters in elderly cohorts. Although potentially more appropriate for the elderly, low-load resistance training protocols have been less investigated. We aimed to examine the effects of 12 weeks of chair-based, low-load resistance training with elastic band (EBT) on functional fitness and metabolic biomarkers in older women. One hundred sixty-eight women were allocated randomly to an elastic band resistance training (EBT, n = 86, 75.7 ± 8.9 years, 71.3 ± 12.2 kg) or a control group (CON, n = 82, 74.5 ± 8.2years, 70.6 ± 12.0 kg). RT protocol consisted of periodized chair-based, low-load whole-body resistance exercises (2 sets, 12-15 repetitions, 40-60% of one repetition maximum-1RM) using an elastic band, twice weekly for 12 weeks. The resistance training program was generally designed to maintain internal load over time, provided with increasing intensity using various elastic bands (Thera-Band). Functional fitness (30-s Chair Stand,30-s Arm Curl, 2-min Step Test, Chair Sit-and-Reach, Back Scratch, 8-Foot Up-and-Go, Handgrip Strength) and metabolic markers (Fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, high (HDL) and low (LDL) density lipoprotein) were measured before and after the training period. To detect pre/post intervention changes and between group- differences 2x2 repeated measures ANOVA was applied. Significant improvements over time for all fitness variables for EBT comparing to CON were obtained (F = 12.78, p < 0.05 for 30-s Chair Stand; F = 14.04, p < 0.05 for 30-s Arm Curl; F = 5.18, p < 0.05 for 2-min Step Test; F = 10.90, p < 0.05 for Chair Sit-and-Reach; F = 16.57, p < 0.05 for Back Scratch; F = 11.79, p < 0.05 for 8-foot Up-and-Go; and F = 29.25, p < 0.05 for Handgrip Strength). In addition, significant improvements over time for all but one (triglycerides) biomarkers for EBT comparing to CON were obtained (F = 7.30, p < 0.05 for blood sugar levels; F = 13.36, p < 0.05 for total cholesterol; F = 8.61, p < 0.05 for HDL; and F = 11.53, p < 0.05 for LDL). Furthermore, the participants' adherence to training sessions of over 90% was reported. In conclusion, 12 weeks of EBT is safe and beneficial for improving health-related fitness and metabolic biomarkers in older women and seems to be viable model to ensure a high training adherence rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko D M Stojanović
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, Novi Sad, Serbia.,Advanced Rehab & Conditioning Lab, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Mladen J Mikić
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, Novi Sad, Serbia.,Advanced Rehab & Conditioning Lab, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Zoran Milošević
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Jovan Vuković
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Jezdimirović
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, Novi Sad, Serbia
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29
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Rodriguez-Lopez C, Alcazar J, Losa-Reyna J, Martin-Espinosa NM, Baltasar-Fernandez I, Ara I, Csapo R, Alegre LM. Effects of Power-Oriented Resistance Training With Heavy vs. Light Loads on Muscle-Tendon Function in Older Adults: A Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Physiol 2021; 12:635094. [PMID: 33679447 PMCID: PMC7935559 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.635094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Power-oriented resistance training (PRT) is one of the most effective exercise programs to counteract neuromuscular and physical function age-related declines. However, the optimal load that maximizes these outcomes or the load-specific adaptations induced on muscle power determinants remain to be better understood. Furthermore, to investigate whether these adaptations are potentially transferred to an untrained limb (i.e., cross-education phenomenon) could be especially relevant during limb-immobilization frequently observed in older people (e.g., after hip fracture). Methods At least 30 well-functioning older participants (>65 years) will participate in a within-person randomized controlled trial. After an 8-week control period, the effects of two 12-week PRT programs using light vs. heavy loads will be compared using an unilateral exercise model through three study arms (light-load PRT vs. non-exercise; heavy-load PRT vs. non-exercise; and light- vs. heavy- load PRT). Muscle-tendon function, muscle excitation and morphology and physical function will be evaluated to analyze the load-specific effects of PRT in older people. Additionally, the effects of PRT will be examined on a non-exercised contralateral limb. Discussion Tailored exercise programs are largely demanded given their potentially greater efficiency preventing age-related negative consequences, especially during limb-immobilization. This trial will provide evidence supporting the use of light- or heavy-load PRT on older adults depending on individual needs, improving decision making and exercise program efficacy. Clinical Trial Registration NCT03724461 registration data: October 30, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Rodriguez-Lopez
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain.,CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Julian Alcazar
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain.,CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Losa-Reyna
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain.,CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Geriatrics, Hospital Virgen del Valle, Complejo Hospitalario de Toledo, Toledo, Spain
| | | | - Ivan Baltasar-Fernandez
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain.,CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Ara
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain.,CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Robert Csapo
- Research Unit for Orthopaedic Sports Medicine and Injury Prevention, ISAG, University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Hall in Tirol, Austria
| | - Luis M Alegre
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain.,CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
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Pereira de Lima M, Conopca S, Miyabara R, Romeiro G, Campos LA, Baltatu OC. Cardiovascular and Quality of Life Outcomes of a 3-Month Physical Exercise Program in Two Brazilian Communities. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:568796. [PMID: 33195316 PMCID: PMC7606879 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.568796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A reduction in physical activity levels in older people is associated with declining quality of life and lower cardiorespiratory fitness levels associated with cardiovascular disease outcomes and mortality from all causes. Evidence supports the positive effect of community-based exercise (CEXE) programs on cardiovascular health and quality of life. This research aimed to examine the effects of a 3-month CEXE on health-related quality of life and cardiovascular risk factors in two Brazilian populations. Methods: Adults with an average age of 70.2 ± 5.4 years were recruited to engage in an individually designed group based CEXE program two to three times/week (aerobic exercise, circuit resistance training, and stretching exercises for 1 h each time). Once a week, competitions were held to improve socialization and collaboration capacity among group members. The CEXE group was compared with a sedentary group. Cardiovascular outcomes were blood pressure, triglycerides, body mass index, waist circumference, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, and glycemia. Health-related quality of life was evaluated using the Short Form-36. Results: Of the cardiovascular outcomes studied, the CEXE program significantly reduced systolic blood pressure [5.7 (95% CI 0.2 to 11.3), p < 0.05] and the triglyceride-HDL-C ratio [0.8 (95% CI 0.05 to 1.5), p < 0.05], whereas HDL-C was significantly increased [4.4 (95% CI 0.02 to 8.8), p < 0.05]. A significant improvement in the Short Form-36 subscales occurred in CEXE but not in the control group: physical functioning score [increase of 24.2 (95% CI 11.8 to 36.5) vs. -9.2 (95% CI -21.5 to 3.2), p < 0.001], physical role functioning score [increase of 35.4 (95% CI 12.8 to 58.0) vs. 16.7 (95% CI -6.0 to 39.3), p < 0.01], and general health score [increase of 23.7 (95% CI: 36.9. to 10.4) vs. 2.4 (95% CI -10.9 to 15.7), p < 0.001]. Conclusion: This study shows that in older adults, a 12-week physical activity program can significantly decrease cardiovascular risk and improve health-related quality of life measures. An important transferable sociocultural strategy of our exercise program was to establish social interactions during and outside the CEXE program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Pereira de Lima
- Center of Innovation, Technology and Education (CITE), Sao Jose dos Campos Technology Park, Sao Jose dos Campos, Brazil
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Anhembi Morumbi University - Laureate International Universities, Sao Jose dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Severo Conopca
- Center of Innovation, Technology and Education (CITE), Sao Jose dos Campos Technology Park, Sao Jose dos Campos, Brazil
- Physiotherapy School, University Centre of Espirito Santo, Colatina, Brazil
| | - Renata Miyabara
- Center of Innovation, Technology and Education (CITE), Sao Jose dos Campos Technology Park, Sao Jose dos Campos, Brazil
- Department of Health, Santa Rita University Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Geovanna Romeiro
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Anhembi Morumbi University - Laureate International Universities, Sao Jose dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Luciana A. Campos
- Center of Innovation, Technology and Education (CITE), Sao Jose dos Campos Technology Park, Sao Jose dos Campos, Brazil
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Anhembi Morumbi University - Laureate International Universities, Sao Jose dos Campos, Brazil
- College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ovidiu C. Baltatu
- Center of Innovation, Technology and Education (CITE), Sao Jose dos Campos Technology Park, Sao Jose dos Campos, Brazil
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Anhembi Morumbi University - Laureate International Universities, Sao Jose dos Campos, Brazil
- College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Kneffel Z, Murlasits Z, Reed J, Krieger J. A meta-regression of the effects of resistance training frequency on muscular strength and hypertrophy in adults over 60 years of age. J Sports Sci 2020; 39:351-358. [PMID: 32948100 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2020.1822595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Resistance training is a commonly used strategy for improving both athletic performance and general health. While the contribution of resistance training intensity and volume to muscle strength and hypertrophy have been extensively investigated, training frequency only recently received sufficient attention, especially in older adults. A meta-regression was conducted to compare muscle strength and hypertrophic adaptations to resistance training programmes performed with different training frequencies in adults over 60 years of age. The systematic literature search identified 14 articles for meta-regression. For each outcome, an effect size (ES) was calculated as the pre-test-post-test change, divided by the pooled pre-test standard deviation (SD). Random-effects meta-regressions for multilevel data structures, using study as the clustering variable, were performed using package metafor in R. Maximal strength shows a significant effect of frequency (p = 0.001), with an increase in effect size of 0.14 for every day increase in frequency (CI: 0.08, 0.21). For muscle hypertrophy, no significant effect of frequency was found (p = 0.67). Considering that muscle hypertrophy was not affected, while maximum strength was only slightly improved with additional training days, it seems unlikely that more than two weekly resistance training sessions would provide any further benefits for older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsanna Kneffel
- Department of Health Sciences and Sport Medicine, University of Physical Education , Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Murlasits
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University , Doha, Qatar
| | - Jacob Reed
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Notherm Iowa , Cedar Falls, IA, USA
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Van Roie E, Walker S, Van Driessche S, Delabastita T, Vanwanseele B, Delecluse C. An age-adapted plyometric exercise program improves dynamic strength, jump performance and functional capacity in older men either similarly or more than traditional resistance training. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237921. [PMID: 32841300 PMCID: PMC7447006 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Power declines at a greater rate during ageing and is more relevant for functional deterioration than either loss of maximum strength or muscle mass. Human movement typically consists of stretch-shortening cycle action. Therefore, plyometric exercises, using an eccentric phase quickly followed by a concentric phase to optimize power production, should resemble daily function more than traditional resistance training, which primarily builds force production capacity in general. However, it is unclear whether older adults can sustain such high-impact training. This study compared the effects of plyometric exercise (PLYO) on power, force production, jump and functional performance to traditional resistance training (RT) and walking (WALK) in older men. Importantly, feasibility was investigated. Forty men (69.5 ± 3.9 years) were randomized to 12-weeks of PLYO (N = 14), RT (N = 12) or WALK (N = 14). Leg press one-repetition maximum (1-RM), leg-extensor isometric maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) and rate of force development (RFD), jump and functional performance were evaluated pre- and post-intervention. One subject in RT (low back pain) and three in PLYO (2 muscle strains, 1 knee pain) dropped out. Adherence to (91.2 ± 4.4%) and acceptability of (≥ 7/10) PLYO was high. 1-RM improved more in RT (25.0 ± 10.0%) and PLYO (23.0 ± 13.6%) than in WALK (2.9 ± 13.7%) (p < 0.001). PLYO improved more on jump height, jump power, contraction time of jumps and stair climbing performance compared to WALK and/or RT (p < 0.05). MVC improved in RT only (p = 0.028) and RFD did not improve (p > 0.05). To conclude, PLYO is beneficial over RT for improving power, jump and stair climbing performance without compromising gains in strength. This form of training seems feasible, but contains an inherent higher risk for injuries, which should be taken into account when designing programs for older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelien Van Roie
- Physical Activity, Sports and Health Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- * E-mail:
| | - Simon Walker
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Stijn Van Driessche
- Physical Activity, Sports and Health Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tijs Delabastita
- Human Movement Biomechanics Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Benedicte Vanwanseele
- Human Movement Biomechanics Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christophe Delecluse
- Physical Activity, Sports and Health Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Tavoian D, Russ DW, Consitt LA, Clark BC. Perspective: Pragmatic Exercise Recommendations for Older Adults: The Case for Emphasizing Resistance Training. Front Physiol 2020; 11:799. [PMID: 32719618 PMCID: PMC7348658 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Optimal health benefits from exercise are achieved by meeting both aerobic and muscle strengthening guidelines, however, most older adults (OAs) do not exercise and the majority of those who do only perform one type of exercise. A pragmatic solution to this problem may be emphasizing a single exercise strategy that maximizes health benefits. The loss of muscle mass and strength at an accelerated rate are hallmarks of aging that, without intervention, eventually lead to physical disability and loss of independence. Additionally, OAs are at risk of developing several chronic diseases. As such, participating in activities that can maintain or increase muscle mass and strength, as well as decrease chronic disease risk, is essential for healthy aging. Unfortunately, there is a widely held belief that adaptations to aerobic and resistance exercise are independent of each other, requiring the participation of both types of exercise to achieve optimal health. However, we argue that this assertion is incorrect, and we discuss crossover adaptations of both aerobic and resistance exercise. Aerobic exercise can increase muscle mass and strength, though not consistently and may be limited to exercise that overloads a particular muscle group, such as stationary bicycling. In contrast, resistance exercise is effective at maintaining muscle health with increasing age, and also has significant effects on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, type 2 diabetes (T2D), cancer, and mortality. We posit that resistance exercise is the most effective standalone exercise strategy for improving overall health in OAs and should be emphasized in future guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dallin Tavoian
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - David W. Russ
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- School of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Leslie A. Consitt
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Brian C. Clark
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
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Gómez-Rubio P, Trapero I. The Beneficial Effect of Physical Exercise on Inflammatory Makers in Older Individuals. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2020; 21:1008-1016. [PMID: 32504508 DOI: 10.2174/1871530320666200606225357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Old age is associated with a loss of motor functions and a general progressive decline in cognitive functions. Physical exercise is one of the ways in which inflammatory levels in general can be reduced, and therefore physical exercise can be considered a biological aging decelerator. In this article, we examine the relationships between physical exercise and inflammatory markers reported for the different physical exercise protocols that have been used in studies with older individuals, as well as the effects of these regimens. The different types of exercises programmed, and methods used to implement them were very heterogeneous in the articles we analysed. Both, the aerobic exercise and resistance training protocols produced a decrease in plasma levels of IL-6, CRP and TNF-α, and an increase of IL-10 plasma levels as a chronic effect. However, the acute-response of physical exercise appeared to be an initial increase in IL-6 expression and plasma IL-6 levels. Continuing with these exercise programs usually subsequently achieved a chronic response in which there was a decrease in both the basal levels of IL-6, CRP and TNF-α, and the IL-6 produced as acute responses. Regardless of the type of exercise performed, it seems that the exercise parameters, intensity, duration, subject variables, fitness, and level of inflammation are key factors in achieving the expected balance between proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isabel Trapero
- Department of Nursing, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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35
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Pina FL, Nunes JP, Ribeiro AS, Nascimento MA, Cyrino LT, Carneiro NH, Venturini D, Barbosa DS, Mayhew JL, Cyrino ES. Comparison of the effects of different weekly frequencies of resistance training on metabolic health markers and body fat in older women. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2020; 60:618-624. [DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.20.10315-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Gylling AT, Eriksen CS, Garde E, Wimmelmann CL, Reislev NL, Bieler T, Ziegler AK, Andersen KW, Bauer C, Dideriksen K, Baekgaard M, Mertz KH, Bayer ML, Bloch-Ibenfeldt M, Boraxbekk CJ, Siebner HR, Mortensen EL, Kjaer M. The influence of prolonged strength training upon muscle and fat in healthy and chronically diseased older adults. Exp Gerontol 2020; 136:110939. [PMID: 32277977 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.110939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical muscle function and brain hippocampus size declines with age, accelerating after the age of 60. Strength training over a few months improves physical function, but less is known about how long-term strength training affects physical function and hippocampus volume. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effect of 1-year strength training of two different intensities upon muscle mass, function, and hippocampus volume in retirement-age individuals. METHODS In this multidisciplinary randomized controlled trial (clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02123641), participants were allocated to either a) supervised, heavy resistance training (HRT, n = 149, 3/wk), b) moderate intensity resistance training (MIT, n = 154, 3/wk) or c) non-exercise activities (CON, n = 148). 451 participants were randomized (62-70 yrs., women 61%, ≈80% with a chronic medical disease) and 419 were included in the intention-to-treat analysis (n = 143, 144 and 132; HRT, MIT and CON). Changes in muscle power (primary outcome), strength and size, physical function, body composition, hippocampus volume and physical/mental well-being were analyzed. FINDINGS Of the participants (HRT + MIT), 83% completed training at least 2/week. Leg extensor power was unchanged in all groups, but strength training had a positive effect on isometric knee extensor strength in both groups, whereas an increased muscle mass, cross-sectional area of vastus lateralis muscle, a decreased whole-body fat percentage, visceral fat content and an improved mental health (SF-36) occurred in HRT only. Further, chair-stand performance improved in all groups, whereas hippocampus volume decreased in all groups over time with no influence of strength training. INTERPRETATION Together, the results indicate that leg extensor power did not respond to long-term supervised strength training, but this type of training in a mixed group of healthy and chronically diseased elderly individuals can be implemented with good compliance and induces consistent changes in physiological parameters of muscle strength, muscle mass and abdominal fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Theil Gylling
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M81 and Centre for Translational Research, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400 Copenhagen, NV, Denmark; Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, N, Denmark.
| | - Christian Skou Eriksen
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M81 and Centre for Translational Research, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400 Copenhagen, NV, Denmark; Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, N, Denmark
| | - Ellen Garde
- Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, N, Denmark; Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hvidovre Hospital, Kettegaard Allé 30, DK-2650 Hvidovre, Denmark; Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, 1353 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Cathrine Lawaetz Wimmelmann
- Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, N, Denmark; Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, 1353 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Nina Linde Reislev
- Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, N, Denmark; Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hvidovre Hospital, Kettegaard Allé 30, DK-2650 Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Theresa Bieler
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M81 and Centre for Translational Research, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400 Copenhagen, NV, Denmark; Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, N, Denmark; Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400 Copenhagen, NV, Denmark
| | - Andreas Kraag Ziegler
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M81 and Centre for Translational Research, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400 Copenhagen, NV, Denmark; Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, N, Denmark
| | - Kasper Winther Andersen
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hvidovre Hospital, Kettegaard Allé 30, DK-2650 Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Christian Bauer
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hvidovre Hospital, Kettegaard Allé 30, DK-2650 Hvidovre, Denmark; Department of Technology, University College Copenhagen, Sigurdsgade 26, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Kasper Dideriksen
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M81 and Centre for Translational Research, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400 Copenhagen, NV, Denmark; Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, N, Denmark
| | - Maria Baekgaard
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M81 and Centre for Translational Research, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400 Copenhagen, NV, Denmark; Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, N, Denmark
| | - Kenneth Hudlebusch Mertz
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M81 and Centre for Translational Research, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400 Copenhagen, NV, Denmark; Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, N, Denmark
| | - Monika Lucia Bayer
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M81 and Centre for Translational Research, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400 Copenhagen, NV, Denmark; Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, N, Denmark
| | - Mads Bloch-Ibenfeldt
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M81 and Centre for Translational Research, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400 Copenhagen, NV, Denmark; Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, N, Denmark
| | - Carl-Johan Boraxbekk
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M81 and Centre for Translational Research, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400 Copenhagen, NV, Denmark; Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hvidovre Hospital, Kettegaard Allé 30, DK-2650 Hvidovre, Denmark; Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, S-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Hartwig Roman Siebner
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hvidovre Hospital, Kettegaard Allé 30, DK-2650 Hvidovre, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400 Copenhagen, NV, Denmark
| | - Erik Lykke Mortensen
- Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, N, Denmark; Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, 1353 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Michael Kjaer
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M81 and Centre for Translational Research, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400 Copenhagen, NV, Denmark; Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, N, Denmark
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Oreská Ľ, Slobodová L, Vajda M, Kaplánová A, Tirpáková V, Cvečka J, Buzgó G, Ukropec J, Ukropcová B, Sedliak M. The effectiveness of two different multimodal training modes on physical performance in elderly. Eur J Transl Myol 2020; 30:8820. [PMID: 32499886 PMCID: PMC7254426 DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2019.8820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The study compared the effect of 12-week multimodal training programme performed twice a week at the regular exercise facility (REF) with the 12-week multimodal training programme performed three times per week as a part of the research programme (EX). Additionally, the study analysed how the experimental training programme affect the physical performance of cognitive healthy and mild cognitive impaired elderly (MCI). The REF training group included 19 elderly (65.00±3.62 years). The experimental training programme combined cognitively healthy (EXH: n=16; 66.3±6.42 years) and age-matched individuals with MCI (EXMCI: n=14; 66.00±4.79 years). 10m maximal walking speed (10mMWS), Five Times Sit-to-Stand Test (FTSS), maximal and relative voluntary contraction (MVC & rel. MVC) were analysed. The REF group improved in 10mMWS (t=2.431, p=.026), the MVC (t=-3.528, p=.002) and relative MVC (t=3.553, p=.002). The EXH group improved in FTSS (t=5.210, P=.000), MVC (t=2.771, p=.018) and relative MVC (t=-3.793, p=.004). EXMCI improved in FTSS (t=2.936, p=.012) and MVC (t=-2.276, p=.040). According to results, both training programmes sufficiently improved walking speed and muscle strength in cognitively healthy elderly. Moreover, the experimental training programme improved muscle strength in MCI elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ľudmila Oreská
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lucia Slobodová
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Matej Vajda
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Adriana Kaplánová
- Department of Sport Sciences in Educology and Humanities, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Veronika Tirpáková
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ján Cvečka
- Diagnostic Centre of Professor Hamar, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Gabriel Buzgó
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jozef Ukropec
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Barbara Ukropcová
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Milan Sedliak
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Ahtiainen JP, Sallinen J, Häkkinen K, Sillanpää E. Inter-individual variation in response to resistance training in cardiometabolic health indicators. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2020; 30:1040-1053. [PMID: 32150772 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Resistance training (RT) may improve metabolic health; however, the extent of its effectiveness is constantly evaluated to assess improvements in the group means, thus obscuring the heterogeneous individual effects. This study investigated inter-individual variation in response to RT as reflected in metabolic health indicators and how age, sex, nutrition, and pre-training phenotypes are associated with such variabilities. METHODS Previously collected data of men and women (39-73 years, 135 trained, 73 non-trained controls) were pooled for analysis. Measurements were taken twice before training to estimate individual day-to-day variations and measurement errors (n = 208). The individual responsiveness to the 21-week RT in cardiometabolic health indicators (ie, systolic blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), cholesterol and triglycerides) was determined. Body composition was estimated by bioimpedance and dietary intake according to 4-day food diaries. RESULTS Metabolic responses to RT seemed to be highly individual, and both beneficial and unfavorable changes were observed. Large inter-individual variations in training response were not explained by a subject's age, sex, body composition, or nutritional status, with the exception of improvements in HDL-C, which were associated with simultaneous decreases in body fat in older women. The incidence of metabolic syndrome diminished following RT. CONCLUSION This study showed that RT could improve some specific metabolic health indicators beyond normal day-to-day variations, especially in blood lipid profile. Further studies are needed to elucidate genetic and other mechanisms underlining the heterogeneity of RT responses. This knowledge may be useful in providing individually tailored exercise prescriptions as part of personalized preventative health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juha P Ahtiainen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Neuromuscular Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Janne Sallinen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Neuromuscular Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Keijo Häkkinen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Neuromuscular Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Elina Sillanpää
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.,Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki, Finland
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Chavarrias M, Carlos-Vivas J, Barrantes-Martín B, Pérez-Gómez J. Effects of 8-week of fitness classes on blood pressure, body composition, and physical fitness. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2020; 59:2066-2074. [PMID: 31933345 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.19.09886-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fitness activities such as indoor cycling (IC), Zumba® (ZU) and body pump (BP) are practiced by large segments of population. There are no studies showing which kind of fitness activity can produce more health benefits. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of 8-week of IC, alone or combined with ZU (IC+ZU), or BP (IC+BP), on blood pressure, body composition, and physical fitness. METHODS Forty-eight participants were randomly assigned to four groups: IC, IC+ZU, IC+BP or control group (CG). Before and after 8-week of training, systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), fat, lean and bone mass, body circumferences, resting heart rate, aerobic fitness, limbs strength and vertical jump height (VJH) were assessed. RESULTS The IC and IC+ZU experienced significant decreases in SBP and DBP, which were significantly greater, compared to CG. Between-group comparisons showed greater decreases in body mass (BM) and body fat mass percentage (BFM) in IC compared to all groups, also significant differences were observed between IC+ZU and IC+B with CG. Decreases in neck, pectoral, waist and hip circumferences were found in IC, IC+ZU and IC+BP compared to CG. All experimental groups significantly increased 10RM leg press and leg flexion, VJH and VO2max compared to CG. CONCLUSIONS Fitness classes of IC, alone or combined with ZU or BP, are effective in reducing blood pressure and improving body composition and physical fitness. The IC is the most effective in reducing BM and BFM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Chavarrias
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | - Jorge Carlos-Vivas
- UCAM Research Center for High Performance Sport, Catholic University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain -
| | | | - Jorge Pérez-Gómez
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
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The Impact of Sprint Interval Training Frequency on Blood Glucose Control and Physical Function of Older Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17020454. [PMID: 31936725 PMCID: PMC7013863 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17020454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Exercise is a powerful tool for improving health in older adults, but the minimum frequency required is not known. This study sought to determine the effect of training frequency of sprint interval training (SIT) on health and physical function in older adults. Thirty-four (13 males and 21 females) older adults (age 65 ± 4 years) were recruited. Participants were allocated to a control group (CON n = 12) or a once- (n = 11) or twice- (n = 11) weekly sprint interval training (SIT) groups. The control group maintained daily activities; the SIT groups performed 8 weeks of once- or twice-weekly training sessions consisting of 6 s sprints. Metabolic health (oral glucose tolerance test), aerobic capacity (walk test) and physical function (get up and go test, sit to stand test) were determined before and after training. Following training, there were significant improvements in blood glucose control, physical function and aerobic capacity in both training groups compared to control, with changes larger than the smallest worthwhile change. There was a small to moderate effect for blood glucose (d = 0.43–0.80) and physical function (d = 0.43–0.69) and a trivial effect for aerobic capacity (d = 0.01) between the two training frequencies. Once a week training SIT is sufficient to produce health benefits. Therefore, the minimum time and frequency of exercise required is much lower than currently recommended.
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Melo AB, Damiani APL, Coelho PM, de Assis ALEM, Nogueira BV, Guimarães Ferreira L, Leite RD, Ribeiro Júnior RF, Lima-Leopoldo AP, Leopoldo AS. Resistance training promotes reduction in Visceral Adiposity without improvements in Cardiomyocyte Contractility and Calcium handling in Obese Rats. Int J Med Sci 2020; 17:1819-1832. [PMID: 32714085 PMCID: PMC7378665 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.42612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance training (RT) improves the cardiomyocyte calcium (Ca2+) cycling during excitation-contraction coupling. However, the role of RT in cardiomyocyte contractile function associated with Ca2+ handling in obesity is unclear. Wistar rats were distributed into four groups: control, sedentary obese, control plus RT, and obesity plus RT. The 10-wk RT protocol was used (4-5 vertical ladder climbs, 60-second interval, 3× a week, 50-100% of maximum load). Metabolic, hormonal, cardiovascular and biochemical parameters were determined. Reduced leptin levels, epididymal, retroperitoneal and visceral fat pads, lower body fat, and adiposity index were observed in RT. Obesity promoted elevation of collagen, but RT did not promote modifications of LV collagen in ObRT. RT induced elevation in maximum rates of contraction and relaxation, and reduction of time to 50% relaxation. ObRT group did not present improvement in the cardiomyocyte contractile function in comparison to Ob group. Reduced cardiac PLB serine16 phosphorylation (pPLB Ser16) and pPLB Ser16/PLB ratio with no alterations in sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA2a) and phospholamban (PLB) expression were observed in Ob groups. Resistance training improved body composition reduced fat pads and plasma leptin levels but did not promote positive alterations in cardiomyocyte contractile function, Ca2+ handling and phospholamban phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Barroso Melo
- Centre for Physical Education and Sports, Department of Sports, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Andressa Prata Leite Damiani
- Centre for Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Priscila Murucci Coelho
- Centre for Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | | | - Breno Valentim Nogueira
- Center of Health Sciences, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Lucas Guimarães Ferreira
- Centre for Physical Education and Sports, Department of Sports, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Richard Diego Leite
- Centre for Physical Education and Sports, Department of Sports, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Rogério Faustino Ribeiro Júnior
- Center of Health Sciences, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Lima-Leopoldo
- Centre for Physical Education and Sports, Department of Sports, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - André Soares Leopoldo
- Centre for Physical Education and Sports, Department of Sports, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
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The Effect of Exercise on Glucoregulatory Hormones: A Countermeasure to Human Aging: Insights from a Comprehensive Review of the Literature. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16101709. [PMID: 31096708 PMCID: PMC6572009 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16101709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Hormones are secreted in a circadian rhythm, but also follow larger-scale timetables, such as monthly (hormones of the menstrual cycle), seasonal (i.e., winter, summer), and, ultimately, lifespan-related patterns. Several contexts modulate their secretion, such as genetics, lifestyle, environment, diet, and exercise. They play significant roles in human physiology, influencing growth of muscle, bone, and regulating metabolism. Exercise training alters hormone secretion, depending on the frequency, duration, intensity, and mode of training which has an impact on the magnitude of the secretion. However, there remains ambiguity over the effects of exercise training on certain hormones such as glucoregulatory hormones in aging adults. With advancing age, there are many alterations with the endocrine system, which may ultimately alter human physiology. Some recent studies have reported an anti-aging effect of exercise training on the endocrine system and especially cortisol, growth hormone and insulin. As such, this review examines the effects of endurance, interval, resistance and combined training on hormones (i.e., at rest and after) exercise in older individuals. We summarize the influence of age on glucoregulatory hormones, the influence of exercise training, and where possible, examine masters' athletes' endocrinological profile.
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Sarin HV, Ahtiainen JP, Hulmi JJ, Ihalainen JK, Walker S, Küüsmaa-Schildt M, Perola M, Peltonen H. Resistance Training Induces Antiatherogenic Effects on Metabolomic Pathways. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2019; 51:1866-1875. [PMID: 30973481 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Arising evidence suggests that resistance training has the potential to induce beneficial modulation of biomarker profile. To date, however, only immediate responses to resistance training have been investigated using high-throughput metabolomics whereas the effects of chronic resistance training on biomarker profile have not been studied in detail. METHODS A total of 86 recreationally active healthy men without previous systematic resistance training background were allocated into (i) a resistance training (RT) group (n = 68; age, 33 ± 7 yr; body mass index, 28 ± 3 kg·m) and (ii) a non-RT group (n = 18; age, 31 ± 4 yr; body mass index, 27 ± 3 kg·m). Blood samples were collected at baseline (PRE), after 4 wk (POST-4wk), and after 16 wk of resistance training intervention (POST-16wk), as well as baseline and after the non-RT period (20-24 wk). Nuclear magnetic resonance-metabolome platform was used to determine metabolomic responses to chronic resistance training. RESULTS Overall, the resistance training intervention resulted in favorable alterations (P < 0.05) in body composition with increased levels of lean mass (~2.8%), decreased levels of android (~9.6%), and total fat mass (~7.5%). These changes in body composition were accompanied by antiatherogenic alterations in serum metabolome profile (false discovery rate < 0.05) as reductions in non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (e.g., free cholesterol, remnant cholesterol, intermediate-density lipoprotein cholesterols, low-density lipoprotein cholesterols) and related apolipoprotein B, and increments in conjugated linoleic fatty acids levels were observed. Individuals with the poorest baseline status (i.e., body composition, metabolome profile) benefitted the most from the resistance training intervention. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, resistance training improves cardiometabolic risk factors and serum metabolome even in previously healthy young men. Thus, suggesting attenuated risk for future cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heikki V Sarin
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, FINLAND.,Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FINLAND
| | - Juha P Ahtiainen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Neuromuscular Research Center, Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, FINLAND
| | - Juha J Hulmi
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Neuromuscular Research Center, Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, FINLAND.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FINLAND
| | - Johanna K Ihalainen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Neuromuscular Research Center, Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, FINLAND.,Swedish Winter Sports Research Centre, Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, SWEDEN
| | - Simon Walker
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Neuromuscular Research Center, Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, FINLAND
| | - Maria Küüsmaa-Schildt
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Neuromuscular Research Center, Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, FINLAND
| | - Markus Perola
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, FINLAND.,Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FINLAND
| | - Heikki Peltonen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Neuromuscular Research Center, Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, FINLAND
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