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Lin Z, Li S, Wu Q, Qu H, Shi X, Wang K, Tang C, Yin C. In situ customized apolipoprotein B48-enriched protein corona enhances oral gene delivery of chitosan-based nanoparticles. Biomaterials 2024; 311:122704. [PMID: 39018697 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
The formation of protein corona (PC) is important for promoting the in vivo delivery of nanoparticles (NPs). However, PC formed in the physiological environment of oral delivery is poorly understood. Here, we engineered seven types of trimethyl chitosan-cysteine (TC) NPs, with distinct molecular weights, quaternization degrees, and thiolation degrees, to deeply investigate the influence of various PC formed in the physiological environment of oral delivery on in vivo gene delivery of polymeric NPs, further constructing the relationship between the surface characteristics of NPs and the efficacy of oral gene delivery. Our findings reveal that TC7 NPs, with high molecular weight, moderate quaternization, and high sulfhydryl content, modulate PC formation in the gastrointestinal tract, thereby reducing particle size and promoting oral delivery of gene loaded TC7 NPs. Orally delivered TC7 NPs target macrophages by in situ adsorption of apolipoprotein (Apo) B48 in intestinal tissue, leading to the improved in vivo antihepatoma efficacy via the natural tumor homing ability of macrophages. Our results suggest that efficient oral delivery of genes can be achieved through an in situ customized ApoB48-enriched PC, offering a promising modality in treating macrophage-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, PR China
| | - Shengqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, PR China
| | - Qiuji Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, PR China
| | - Hongfei Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, PR China
| | - Xiliang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, PR China
| | - Ke Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, PR China
| | - Cui Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, PR China
| | - Chunhua Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, PR China.
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Filtz A, Parihar S, Greenberg GS, Park CM, Scotti A, Lorenzatti D, Badimon JJ, Soffer DE, Toth PP, Lavie CJ, Bittner V, Virani SS, Slipczuk L. New approaches to triglyceride reduction: Is there any hope left? Am J Prev Cardiol 2024; 18:100648. [PMID: 38584606 PMCID: PMC10998004 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Triglycerides play a crucial role in the efficient storage of energy in the body. Mild and moderate hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) is a heterogeneous disorder with significant association with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), including myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and peripheral artery disease and represents an important component of the residual ASCVD risk in statin treated patients despite optimal low-density lipoprotein cholesterol reduction. Individuals with severe HTG (>1,000 mg/dL) rarely develop atherosclerosis but have an incremental incidence of acute pancreatitis with significant morbidity and mortality. HTG can occur from a combination of genetic (both mono and polygenic) and environmental factors including poor diet, low physical activity, obesity, medications, and diseases like insulin resistance and other endocrine pathologies. HTG represents a potential target for ASCVD risk and pancreatitis risk reduction, however data on ASCVD reduction by treating HTG is still lacking and HTG-associated acute pancreatitis occurs too rarely to effectively demonstrate treatment benefit. In this review, we address the key aspects of HTG pathophysiology and examine the mechanisms and background of current and emerging therapies in the management of HTG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Filtz
- Cardiology Division, Montefiore-Einstein Center for Heart and Vascular Care, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Siddhant Parihar
- Cardiology Division, Montefiore-Einstein Center for Heart and Vascular Care, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Garred S Greenberg
- Cardiology Division, Montefiore-Einstein Center for Heart and Vascular Care, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Christine M Park
- Cardiology Division, Montefiore-Einstein Center for Heart and Vascular Care, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Andrea Scotti
- Cardiology Division, Montefiore-Einstein Center for Heart and Vascular Care, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Lorenzatti
- Cardiology Division, Montefiore-Einstein Center for Heart and Vascular Care, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Juan J Badimon
- Cardiology Department, Hospital General Jaen, Jaen, Spain
- Atherothrombosis Research Unit, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Daniel E Soffer
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Peter P Toth
- CGH Medical Center, Sterling, Illinois
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Carl J Lavie
- John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School-the UQ School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Vera Bittner
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Salim S Virani
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
- Section of Cardiology, Texas Heart Institute & Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Leandro Slipczuk
- Cardiology Division, Montefiore-Einstein Center for Heart and Vascular Care, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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Lone JB, Long JZ, Svensson KJ. Size matters: the biochemical logic of ligand type in endocrine crosstalk. LIFE METABOLISM 2024; 3:load048. [PMID: 38425548 PMCID: PMC10904031 DOI: 10.1093/lifemeta/load048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The endocrine system is a fundamental type of long-range cell-cell communication that is important for maintaining metabolism, physiology, and other aspects of organismal homeostasis. Endocrine signaling is mediated by diverse blood-borne ligands, also called hormones, including metabolites, lipids, steroids, peptides, and proteins. The size and structure of these hormones are fine-tuned to make them bioactive, responsive, and adaptable to meet the demands of changing environments. Why has nature selected such diverse ligand types to mediate communication in the endocrine system? What is the chemical, signaling, or physiologic logic of these ligands? What fundamental principles from our knowledge of endocrine communication can be applied as we continue as a field to uncover additional new circulating molecules that are claimed to mediate long-range cell and tissue crosstalk? This review provides a framework based on the biochemical logic behind this crosstalk with respect to their chemistry, temporal regulation in physiology, specificity, signaling actions, and evolutionary development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jameel Barkat Lone
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jonathan Z. Long
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Wu Tsai Human Performance Alliance, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Katrin J. Svensson
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Wu Tsai Human Performance Alliance, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA 94305, USA
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Yang X, Weber AA, Mennillo E, Secrest P, Chang M, Wong S, Le S, Liu J, Benner CW, Karin M, Gordts PL, Tukey RH, Chen S. Effects of Early Life Oral Arsenic Exposure on Intestinal Tract Development and Lipid Homeostasis in Neonatal Mice: Implications for NAFLD Development. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2023; 131:97001. [PMID: 37668303 PMCID: PMC10478510 DOI: 10.1289/ehp12381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Newborns can be exposed to inorganic arsenic (iAs) through contaminated drinking water, formula, and other infant foods. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated a positive association between urinary iAs levels and the risk of developing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) among U.S. adolescents and adults. OBJECTIVES The present study examined how oral iAs administration to neonatal mice impacts the intestinal tract, which acts as an early mediator for NAFLD. METHODS Neonatal mice were treated with a single dose of iAs via oral gavage. Effects on the small intestine were determined by histological examination, RNA sequencing, and biochemical analysis. Serum lipid profiling was analyzed by fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC), and hepatosteatosis was characterized histologically and biochemically. Liver X receptor-alpha (LXR α ) knockout (L x r α - / - ) mice and liver-specific activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4)-deficient (A t f 4 Δ H e p ) mice were used to define their roles in iAs-induced effects during the neonatal stage. RESULTS Neonatal mice exposed to iAs via oral gavage exhibited accumulation of dietary fat in enterocytes, with higher levels of enterocyte triglycerides and free fatty acids. These mice also showed accelerated enterocyte maturation and a longer small intestine. This was accompanied by higher levels of liver-derived very low-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein triglycerides, and a lower level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the serum. Mice exposed during the neonatal period to oral iAs also developed hepatosteatosis. Compared with the control group, iAs-induced fat accumulation in enterocytes became more significant in neonatal L x r α - / - mice, accompanied by accelerated intestinal growth, hypertriglyceridemia, and hepatosteatosis. In contrast, regardless of enterocyte fat accumulation, hepatosteatosis was largely reduced in iAs-treated neonatal A t f 4 Δ H e p mice. CONCLUSION Exposure to iAs in neonatal mice resulted in excessive accumulation of fat in enterocytes, disrupting lipid homeostasis in the serum and liver, revealing the importance of the gut-liver axis and endoplasmic reticulum stress in mediating iAs-induced NAFLD at an early age. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP12381.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Yang
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego), La Jolla, California, USA
| | - André A. Weber
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego), La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Elvira Mennillo
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego), La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Patrick Secrest
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Max Chang
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Samantha Wong
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego), La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sabrina Le
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego), La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Junlai Liu
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | | | - Michael Karin
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Philip L.S.M. Gordts
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Robert H. Tukey
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego), La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Shujuan Chen
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego), La Jolla, California, USA
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Park MR, Lee HJ, Jang HM, Kim NH, Lee JS, Jeong YT, Kim I, Choi SH, Seo KS, Kim DH. Cytarabine induces cachexia with lipid malabsorption via zippering the junctions of lacteal in murine small intestine. J Lipid Res 2023; 64:100387. [PMID: 37201659 PMCID: PMC10323926 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2023.100387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced cachexia causes severe metabolic abnormalities independently of cancer and reduces the therapeutic efficacy of chemotherapy. The underlying mechanism of chemotherapy-induced cachexia remains unclear. Here we investigated the cytarabine (CYT)-induced alteration in energy balance and its underlying mechanisms in mice. We compared energy balance-associated parameters among the three groups of mice: CON, CYT, and PF (pair-fed mice with the CYT group) that were intravenously administered vehicle or CYT. Weight gain, fat mass, skeletal muscle mass, grip strength, and nocturnal energy expenditure were significantly lowered in the CYT group than in the CON and PF groups. The CYT group demonstrated less energy intake than the CON group and higher respiratory quotient than the PF group, indicating that CYT induced cachexia independently from the anorexia-induced weight loss. Serum triglyceride was significantly lower in the CYT group than in the CON group, whereas the intestinal mucosal triglyceride levels and the lipid content within the small intestine enterocyte were higher after lipid loading in the CYT group than in the CON and PF groups, suggesting that CYT inhibited lipid uptake in the intestine. This was not associated with obvious intestinal damage. The CYT group showed increased zipper-like junctions of lymphatic endothelial vessel in duodenal villi compared to that in the CON and CYT groups, suggesting their imperative role in the CYT-induced inhibition of lipid uptake. CYT worsens cachexia independently of anorexia by inhibiting the intestinal lipid uptake, via the increased zipper-like junctions of lymphatic endothelial vessel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Rae Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Min Jang
- Department of Pharmacology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Hoon Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Seok Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Taek Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Inho Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwan Sik Seo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong-Hoon Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Kuo HCN, LaRussa Z, Xu FM, West K, Consitt L, Davidson WS, Liu M, Coschigano KT, Shi H, Lo CC. Apolipoprotein A4 Elevates Sympathetic Activity and Thermogenesis in Male Mice. Nutrients 2023; 15:2486. [PMID: 37299447 PMCID: PMC10255745 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-chain fatty acids induce apolipoprotein A4 (APOA4) production in the small intestine and activate brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis. The increase in BAT thermogenesis enhances triglyceride clearance and insulin sensitivity. Acute administration of recombinant APOA4 protein elevates BAT thermogenesis in chow-fed mice. However, the physiological role of continuous infusion of recombinant APOA4 protein in regulating sympathetic activity, thermogenesis, and lipid and glucose metabolism in low-fat-diet (LFD)-fed mice remained elusive. The hypothesis of this study was that continuous infusion of mouse APOA4 protein would increase sympathetic activity and thermogenesis in BAT and subcutaneous inguinal white adipose tissue (IWAT), attenuate plasma lipid levels, and improve glucose tolerance. To test this hypothesis, sympathetic activity, BAT temperature, energy expenditure, body weight, fat mass, caloric intake, glucose tolerance, and levels of BAT and IWAT thermogenic and lipolytic proteins, plasma lipids, and markers of fatty acid oxidation in the liver in mice with APOA4 or saline treatment were measured. Plasma APOA4 levels were elevated, BAT temperature and thermogenesis were upregulated, and plasma triglyceride (TG) levels were reduced, while body weight, fat mass, caloric intake, energy expenditure, and plasma cholesterol and leptin levels were comparable between APOA4- and saline-treated mice. Additionally, APOA4 infusion stimulated sympathetic activity in BAT and liver but not in IWAT. APOA4-treated mice had greater fatty acid oxidation but less TG content in the liver than saline-treated mice had. Plasma insulin in APOA4-treated mice was lower than that in saline-treated mice after a glucose challenge. In conclusion, continuous infusion of mouse APOA4 protein stimulated sympathetic activity in BAT and the liver, elevated BAT thermogenesis and hepatic fatty acid oxidation, and consequently attenuated levels of plasma and hepatic TG and plasma insulin without altering caloric intake, body weight gain and fat mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsuan-Chih N. Kuo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine and Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; (H.-C.N.K.); (Z.L.); (K.W.); (L.C.); (K.T.C.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Zachary LaRussa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine and Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; (H.-C.N.K.); (Z.L.); (K.W.); (L.C.); (K.T.C.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Flora Mengyang Xu
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA; (F.M.X.); (H.S.)
| | - Kathryn West
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine and Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; (H.-C.N.K.); (Z.L.); (K.W.); (L.C.); (K.T.C.)
| | - Leslie Consitt
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine and Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; (H.-C.N.K.); (Z.L.); (K.W.); (L.C.); (K.T.C.)
| | - William Sean Davidson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45237, USA; (W.S.D.); (M.L.)
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45237, USA; (W.S.D.); (M.L.)
| | - Karen T. Coschigano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine and Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; (H.-C.N.K.); (Z.L.); (K.W.); (L.C.); (K.T.C.)
| | - Haifei Shi
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA; (F.M.X.); (H.S.)
| | - Chunmin C. Lo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine and Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; (H.-C.N.K.); (Z.L.); (K.W.); (L.C.); (K.T.C.)
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Lütjohann D, Klör HU, Stellaard F. Measurement of Serum Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Triglyceride-Rich Remnant Cholesterol as Independent Predictors of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: Possibilities and Limitations. Nutrients 2023; 15:2202. [PMID: 37432317 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentration is the dominant clinical parameter to judge a patient's risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). Recent evidence supports the theory that cholesterol in serum triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs) contributes significantly to the atherogenic risk, independent of LDL-C. Therefore, combined analysis of both targets and adequate treatment may improve prevention of CVD. The validity of TRL-C calculation is solely dependent on the accuracy of the LDL-C measurement. Direct measurement of serum LDL- C is more accurate than established estimation procedures based upon Friedewald, Martin-Hopkins, or Sampson equations. TRL-C can be easily calculated as total C minus high density lipoprotein C (HDL-C) minus LDL-C. Enhanced serum LDL-C or TRL-C concentrations require different therapeutic approaches to lower the atherogenic lipoprotein C. This review describes the different atherogenic lipoproteins and their possible analytical properties and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Lütjohann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Klör
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Gießen, 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - Frans Stellaard
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
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Al-Zahrani MH, Balgoon MJ, El-Sawi NM, Alshubaily FA, Jambi EJ, Khojah SM, Baljoon RS, Alkhattabi NA, Baz LA, Alharbi AA, Ahmed AM, Abo elkhair AM, Ismael M, Gebril SM. A biochemical, theoretical and immunohistochemical study comparing the therapeutic efficacy of curcumin and taurine on T-2 toxin induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1172403. [PMID: 37214337 PMCID: PMC10192634 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1172403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Foodborne trichothecene T-2 Toxin, is a highly toxic metabolite produced by Fusarium species contaminating animal and human food, causing multiple organ failure and health hazards. T-2 toxins induce hepatotoxicity via oxidative stress causing hepatocytes cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. In this study, curcumin and taurine were investigated and compared as antioxidants against T-2-provoked hepatotoxicity. Methods: Wistar rats were administrated T-2 toxin sublethal oral dose (0.1 mg/kg) for 2 months, followed by curcumin (80 mg/kg) and taurine (50 mg/kg) for 3 weeks. Biochemical assessment of liver enzymes, lipid profiles, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs), AFU, TNF-α, total glutathione, molecular docking, histological and immunohistochemical markers for anti-transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFβ1), double-strand DNA damage (H2AX), regeneration (KI67) and apoptosis (Active caspase3) were done. Results and Discussion: Compared to T-2 toxin, curcumin and taurine treatment significantly ameliorated hepatoxicity as; hemoglobin, hematocrit and glutathione, hepatic glycogen, and KI-67 immune-reactive hepatocytes were significantly increased. Although, liver enzymes, inflammation, fibrosis, TGFβ1 immunoexpressing and H2AX and active caspase 3 positive hepatocytes were significantly decreased. Noteworthy, curcumin's therapeutic effect was superior to taurine by histomorphometry parameters. Furthermore, molecular docking of the structural influence of curcumin and taurine on the DNA sequence showed curcumin's higher binding affinity than taurine. Conclusion: Both curcumin and taurine ameliorated T-2 induced hepatotoxicity as strong antioxidative agents with more effectiveness for curcumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam H. Al-Zahrani
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha J. Balgoon
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nagwa M. El-Sawi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Fawzia A. Alshubaily
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ebtihaj J. Jambi
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sohair M. Khojah
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Nuha A. Alkhattabi
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lina A. Baz
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asmaa A. Alharbi
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amira M. Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Ayat M. Abo elkhair
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Ismael
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Sahar M. Gebril
- Histology and Cell biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
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9
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Bai ZY, Zheng H, Luo Z, Hogstrand C, Wang LJ, Song YF. Dietary Choline Mitigates High-Fat Diet-Impaired Chylomicrons Assembly via UPRer Modulated by perk DNA Methylation. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233848. [PMID: 36497107 PMCID: PMC9741040 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
High-fat diets (HFD) lead to impairment of chylomicrons (CMs) assembly and adversely influence intestinal lipid homeostasis. However, the mechanisms of HFD impairing CMs assembly have yet to be fully understood. Additionally, although choline, as a lipid-lowering agent, has been widely used and its deficiency has been closely linked to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), the contribution of choline by functioning as a methyl donor in alleviating HFD-induced intestinal lipid deposition is unknown. Thus, this study was conducted to determine the mechanism of HFD impairing CMs assembly and also tested the effect of choline acting as a methyl donor in this process. To this end, in this study, four diets (control, HFD, choline and HFD + choline diet) were fed to yellow catfish for 10 weeks in vivo and their intestinal epithelial cells were isolated and incubated for 36 h in fatty acids (FA) with or without choline solution combining si-perk transfection in vitro. The key findings from this study as follows: (1) HFD caused impairment of CMs assembly main by unfolded protein response (UPRer). HFD activated perk and then induced UPRer, which led to endoplasmic reticulum dysfunction and further impaired CMs assembly via protein-protein interactions between Perk and Apob48. (2) Choline inhibited the transcriptional expression level of perk via activating the -211 CpG methylation site, which initiated the subsequent ameliorating effect on HFD-impaired CMs assembly and intestinal lipid dysfunction. These results provide a new insight into direct crosstalk between UPRer and CMs assembly, and also emphasize the critical contribution of choline acting as a methyl donor and shed new light on choline-deficient diet-induced NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Yu Bai
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hua Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhi Luo
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Christer Hogstrand
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Medicine, King’s College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Ling-Jiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yu-Feng Song
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-27-8728-2113; Fax: +86-27-8728-2114
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10
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Dedousis N, Teng L, Kanshana JS, Kohan AB. A single-day mouse mesenteric lymph surgery in mice: an updated approach to study dietary lipid absorption, chylomicron secretion, and lymphocyte dynamics. J Lipid Res 2022; 63:100284. [PMID: 36152881 PMCID: PMC9646667 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2022.100284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestine plays a crucial role in regulating whole-body lipid metabolism through its unique function of absorbing dietary fat. In the small intestine, absorptive epithelial cells emulsify hydrophobic dietary triglycerides (TAGs) prior to secreting them into mesenteric lymphatic vessels as chylomicrons. Except for short- and medium-chain fatty acids, which are directly absorbed from the intestinal lumen into portal vasculature, the only way for an animal to absorb dietary TAG is through the chylomicron/mesenteric lymphatic pathway. Isolating intestinal lipoproteins, including chylomicrons, is extremely difficult in vivo because of the dilution of postprandial lymph in the peripheral blood. In addition, once postprandial lymph enters the circulation, chylomicron TAGs are rapidly hydrolyzed. To enhance isolation of large quantities of pure postprandial chylomicrons, we have modified the Tso group's highly reproducible gold-standard double-cannulation technique in rats to enable single-day surgery and lymph collection in mice. Our technique has a significantly higher survival rate than the traditional 2-day surgical model and allows for the collection of greater than 400 μl of chylous lymph with high postprandial TAG concentrations. Using this approach, we show that after an intraduodenal lipid bolus, the mesenteric lymph contains naïve CD4+ T-cell populations that can be quantified by flow cytometry. In conclusion, this experimental approach represents a quantitative tool for determining dietary lipid absorption, intestinal lipoprotein dynamics, and mesenteric immunity. Our model may also be a powerful tool for studies of antigens, the microbiome, pharmacokinetics, and dietary compound absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Dedousis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lihong Teng
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jitendra S Kanshana
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alison B Kohan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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11
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Intervention of Shugan Xiaozhi Decoction on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease via Mediating Gut-Liver Axis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:4801695. [PMID: 35837380 PMCID: PMC9276511 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4801695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic liver disease with an increasing incidence rate but few therapies. Shugan Xiaozhi decoction (SX) has demonstrated beneficial effects in treating NAFLD with an unclear mechanism. This study was aimed at investigating the therapeutic mechanism of SX on high-fat diet-induced NAFLD rats via the gut-liver axis. Hepatic steatosis and integrity of intestinal mucosa in NAFLD rats were assessed by histopathological staining. The level of lipid and inflammation were estimated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Western Blotting was used to detect apolipoprotein (apo) B48 expression. 16S rRNA analysis was used to measure the changes of gut microbial composition after SX treatment. The expressions of zona occludens 1 protein (ZO-1), occludin, and secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) in the colon were detected by immunostaining to investigate the intestinal barrier function. Our study found that SX reduced hepatic steatosis, the levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total cholesterol, and triglyceride and apoB48 expression but increased peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α (PPARα) level. Moreover, SX altered the diversity of gut microbiota, upregulating the relative abundance of f_Prevotellaceae, while downregulating f_Bacteroidales_ S24-7, f_Lachnospiraceae, f_Ruminococcaceae, f_Erysipelotrichaceae, and f_Desulfovibrionaceae. By increasing the expression of ZO-1 and occludin and decreasing the level of proinflammatory factors, including sIgA, lipopolysaccharide, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, and transforming growth factor-β1, SX improved intestinal mucosal integrity and barrier function. Our study illustrated that the gut-liver axis was a potential way for SX to ameliorate NAFLD, that is, by regulating the expression of PPARα, apoB48, and modulating gut microbiota to protect the intestinal barrier function, and thus alleviate lipid deposition and inflammatory response in the liver.
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12
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Liu Y, Han X, Cai M, Jin S, Yan Z, Lu H, Chen Q. Jianpi Qinghua Fomula alleviates insulin resistance via restraining of MAPK pathway to suppress inflammation of the small intestine in DIO mice. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:129. [PMID: 35534842 PMCID: PMC9088054 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03595-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Jianpi Qinghua Fomula (JPQHF), a clinically proven prescription,has been applied to cure insulin resistance(IR) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) for more than 20 years. Here, we will unravel the underlying molecular mechanisms relevant to the therapeutic actions of JPQHF. Methods High-fat(HF)diet-induced obesity(DIO)mouse were established in our research, along with insulin resistance. After the administration of JPQHF 5 or 6 weeks, the parameters of the glucose and lipid metabolism were measured. Flow cytometry and Luminex were utilized to assess the inflammation in small intestine,whilst Western blot was used to determine the relative expression levels of the MAPK pathway-related proteins. The glucose and lipid transporter of small intestine was assessed by immunofluorescence and ELISA, and the expression of insulin signaling pathway was detected by Western blot. Results The metabolic phenotypes of DIO mouse were ameliorated after 6-week oral administration of JPQHF; Meanwhile,JPQHF downregulated levels of IL-1β,IL-6, TNF-α and IFN-γ but upregulated the ratio of M2/M1 macrophages in the small intestine. The elevated expressions of p-P38 MAPK/P38 MAPK、p-JNK/JNK and p-ERK1/2/ERK1/2 were reversed by JPQHF. Moreover, JPQHF enhanced expression of PI3K,p-AKT/AKT, p-IRS1/ IRS1, p-IRS2/ IRS2 and apoB48 in small intestine, and facilitated the translocation of GLUT2 to the basal side of small intestine epithelial cells. Conclusion JPQHF alleviates insulin resistance in DIO mice, and this effect may be associated with its restraining of inflammation of small intestine via attenuating MAPK pathway, and then diminishes small intestinal glucose and lipid absorption. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12906-022-03595-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahua Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.,Diabetes Institute, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xu Han
- Department of Endocrinology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.,Diabetes Institute, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Mengjie Cai
- Department of Endocrinology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.,Diabetes Institute, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Shenyi Jin
- Department of Endocrinology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.,Diabetes Institute, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zihui Yan
- Department of Endocrinology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.,Diabetes Institute, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Hao Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China. .,Diabetes Institute, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Qingguang Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China. .,Diabetes Institute, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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13
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Quiles-Jiménez A, Dahl TB, Bjørås M, Alseth I, Halvorsen B, Gregersen I. Epitranscriptome in Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease: Potential Target for Therapies. Stroke 2022; 53:2114-2122. [PMID: 35240858 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.121.037581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The global risk of cardiovascular disease, including ischemic disease such as stroke, remains high, and cardiovascular disease is the cause of one-third of all deaths worldwide. The main subjacent cause, atherosclerosis, is not fully understood. To improve early diagnosis and therapeutic strategies, it is crucial to unveil the key molecular mechanisms that lead to atherosclerosis development. The field of epitranscriptomics is blossoming and quickly advancing in fields like cancer research, nevertheless, poorly understood in the context of cardiovascular disease. Epitranscriptomic modifications are shown to regulate the metabolism and function of RNA molecules, which are important for cell functions such as cell proliferation, a key aspect in atherogenesis. As such, epitranscriptomic regulatory mechanisms can serve as novel checkpoints in gene expression during disease development. In this review, we describe examples of the latest research investigating epitranscriptomic modifications, in particular A-to-I editing and the covalent modification N6-methyladenosine and their regulatory proteins, in the context of cardiovascular disease. We additionally discuss the potential of these mechanisms as therapeutic targets and novel treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Quiles-Jiménez
- Research Institute for Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Norway. (A.Q.-J., T.B.D., B.H., I.G.).,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway (A.Q.-J., B.H.)
| | - Tuva B Dahl
- Research Institute for Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Norway. (A.Q.-J., T.B.D., B.H., I.G.).,Division of Critical Care and Emergencies, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Norway. (T.B.D.)
| | - Magnar Bjørås
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Norway. (M.B., I.A.).,Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway (M.B.)
| | - Ingrun Alseth
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Norway. (M.B., I.A.)
| | - Bente Halvorsen
- Research Institute for Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Norway. (A.Q.-J., T.B.D., B.H., I.G.).,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway (A.Q.-J., B.H.)
| | - Ida Gregersen
- Research Institute for Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Norway. (A.Q.-J., T.B.D., B.H., I.G.)
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14
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Destefanis E, Avşar G, Groza P, Romitelli A, Torrini S, Pir P, Conticello SG, Aguilo F, Dassi E. A mark of disease: how mRNA modifications shape genetic and acquired pathologies. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 27:367-389. [PMID: 33376192 PMCID: PMC7962492 DOI: 10.1261/rna.077271.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
RNA modifications have recently emerged as a widespread and complex facet of gene expression regulation. Counting more than 170 distinct chemical modifications with far-reaching implications for RNA fate, they are collectively referred to as the epitranscriptome. These modifications can occur in all RNA species, including messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs). In mRNAs the deposition, removal, and recognition of chemical marks by writers, erasers and readers influence their structure, localization, stability, and translation. In turn, this modulates key molecular and cellular processes such as RNA metabolism, cell cycle, apoptosis, and others. Unsurprisingly, given their relevance for cellular and organismal functions, alterations of epitranscriptomic marks have been observed in a broad range of human diseases, including cancer, neurological and metabolic disorders. Here, we will review the major types of mRNA modifications and editing processes in conjunction with the enzymes involved in their metabolism and describe their impact on human diseases. We present the current knowledge in an updated catalog. We will also discuss the emerging evidence on the crosstalk of epitranscriptomic marks and what this interplay could imply for the dynamics of mRNA modifications. Understanding how this complex regulatory layer can affect the course of human pathologies will ultimately lead to its exploitation toward novel epitranscriptomic therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Destefanis
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
- The EPITRAN COST Action Consortium, COST Action CA16120
| | - Gülben Avşar
- The EPITRAN COST Action Consortium, COST Action CA16120
- Department of Bioengineering, Gebze Technical University, 41400 Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Paula Groza
- The EPITRAN COST Action Consortium, COST Action CA16120
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Antonia Romitelli
- The EPITRAN COST Action Consortium, COST Action CA16120
- Core Research Laboratory, ISPRO-Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network, 50139 Firenze, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Università di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Serena Torrini
- The EPITRAN COST Action Consortium, COST Action CA16120
- Core Research Laboratory, ISPRO-Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network, 50139 Firenze, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Università di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Pınar Pir
- The EPITRAN COST Action Consortium, COST Action CA16120
- Department of Bioengineering, Gebze Technical University, 41400 Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Silvestro G Conticello
- The EPITRAN COST Action Consortium, COST Action CA16120
- Core Research Laboratory, ISPRO-Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network, 50139 Firenze, Italy
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Aguilo
- The EPITRAN COST Action Consortium, COST Action CA16120
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Erik Dassi
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
- The EPITRAN COST Action Consortium, COST Action CA16120
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15
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Levy E, Beaulieu JF, Spahis S. From Congenital Disorders of Fat Malabsorption to Understanding Intra-Enterocyte Mechanisms Behind Chylomicron Assembly and Secretion. Front Physiol 2021; 12:629222. [PMID: 33584351 PMCID: PMC7873531 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.629222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last two decades, a large body of information on the events responsible for intestinal fat digestion and absorption has been accumulated. In particular, many groups have extensively focused on the absorptive phase in order to highlight the critical "players" and the main mechanisms orchestrating the assembly and secretion of chylomicrons (CM) as essential vehicles of alimentary lipids. The major aim of this article is to review understanding derived from basic science and clinical conditions associated with impaired packaging and export of CM. We have particularly insisted on inborn metabolic pathways in humans as well as on genetically modified animal models (recapitulating pathological features). The ultimate goal of this approach is that "experiments of nature" and in vivo model strategy collectively allow gaining novel mechanistic insight and filling the gap between the underlying genetic defect and the apparent clinical phenotype. Thus, uncovering the cause of disease contributes not only to understanding normal physiologic pathway, but also to capturing disorder onset, progression, treatment and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emile Levy
- Research Centre, CHU Ste-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean François Beaulieu
- Laboratory of Intestinal Physiopathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Schohraya Spahis
- Research Centre, CHU Ste-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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16
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Mah M, Febbraio M, Turpin-Nolan S. Circulating Ceramides- Are Origins Important for Sphingolipid Biomarkers and Treatments? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:684448. [PMID: 34385976 PMCID: PMC8353232 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.684448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers are important tools for describing the adequacy or inadequacy of biological processes (to allow for the early and accurate diagnosis) and monitoring the biological effects of intervention strategies (to identify and develop optimal dose and treatment strategies). A number of lipid biomarkers are implicated in metabolic disease and the circulating levels of these biomarkers are used in clinical settings to predict and monitor disease severity. There is convincing evidence that specific circulating ceramide species can be used as biological predictors and markers of cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Here, we review the existing literature that investigated sphingolipids as biomarkers for metabolic disease prediction. What are the advantages and disadvantages? Are circulating ceramides predominantly produced in the liver? Will hepatic sphingolipid inhibitors be able to completely prevent and treat metabolic disease? As sphingolipids are being employed as biomarkers and potential metabolic disease treatments, we explore what is currently known and what still needs to be discovered.
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17
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Maltseva DV, Shkurnikov MY, Nersisyan SA, Nikulin SV, Kurnosov AA, Raigorodskaya MP, Osipyants AI, Tonevitsky EA. Hypoxia enhances transcytosis in intestinal enterocytes. BULLETIN OF RUSSIAN STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2020. [DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2020.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The integrity of the intestinal epithelial cell lining is crucial for the normal intestinal function. As a rule, intestinal inflammation is associated with additional tissue hypoxia, leading to the loss of epithelial monolayer integrity. However, in the absence of visible damage to the epithelium, there still might be a risk of infection driven by changes in the intracellular transport of bacteria-containing vesicles. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of hypoxia on transcytosis using a human intestinal enterocyte model. We found that hypoxia enhances transcytosis of the model protein ricin 1.8-fold. The comparative transcriptome and proteome analyses revealed significant changes in the expression of genes involved in intracellular vesicle transport. Specifically, the expression of apoB (the regulator of lipid metabolism) was changed at both protein (6.5-fold) and mRNA (2.1-fold) levels. Further research is needed into the possible mechanism regulating gene expression in intestinal erythrocytes under hypoxic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- DV Maltseva
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - MYu Shkurnikov
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia; P. A. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Center, branch of the National Medical Research Radiology Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - SA Nersisyan
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - SV Nikulin
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - AA Kurnosov
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - AI Osipyants
- P. A. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Center, branch of the National Medical Research Radiology Center, Moscow, Russia; Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - EA Tonevitsky
- Fund for Development of Innovative Scientific-Technological Center Mendeleev Valley, Moscow, Russia
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