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Evans SE, Xu Y, Bergman ME, Ford SA, Liu Y, Sharkey TD, Phillips MA. Rubisco supplies pyruvate for the 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-4-phosphate pathway. NATURE PLANTS 2024:10.1038/s41477-024-01791-z. [PMID: 39367254 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-024-01791-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 10/06/2024]
Abstract
RIBULOSE-1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE/OXYGENASE (Rubisco) produces pyruvate in the chloroplast through β-elimination of the aci-carbanion intermediate1. Here we show that this side reaction supplies pyruvate for isoprenoid, fatty acid and branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis in photosynthetically active tissue. 13C labelling studies of intact Arabidopsis plants demonstrate that the total carbon commitment to pyruvate is too large for phosphoenolpyruvate to serve as a precursor. Low oxygen stimulates Rubisco carboxylase activity and increases pyruvate production and flux through the 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-4-phosphate (MEP) pathway, which supplies the precursors for plastidic isoprenoid biosynthesis2,3. Metabolome analysis of mutants defective in phosphoenolpyruvate or pyruvate import and biochemical characterization of isolated chloroplasts further support Rubisco as the main source of pyruvate in chloroplasts. Seedlings incorporated exogenous,13C-labelled pyruvate into MEP pathway intermediates, while adult plants did not, underscoring the developmental transition in pyruvate sourcing. Rubisco β-elimination leading to pyruvate constituted 0.7% of the product profile in in vitro assays, which translates to 2% of the total carbon leaving the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle. These insights solve the "pyruvate paradox"4, improve the fit of metabolic models for central metabolism and connect the MEP pathway directly to carbon assimilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia E Evans
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yuan Xu
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Matthew E Bergman
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Scott A Ford
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yingxia Liu
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas D Sharkey
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Michael A Phillips
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada.
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2
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Bergman ME, Kortbeek RWJ, Gutensohn M, Dudareva N. Plant terpenoid biosynthetic network and its multiple layers of regulation. Prog Lipid Res 2024; 95:101287. [PMID: 38906423 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2024.101287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Terpenoids constitute one of the largest and most chemically diverse classes of primary and secondary metabolites in nature with an exceptional breadth of functional roles in plants. Biosynthesis of all terpenoids begins with the universal five‑carbon building blocks, isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) and its allylic isomer dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP), which in plants are derived from two compartmentally separated but metabolically crosstalking routes, the mevalonic acid (MVA) and methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathways. Here, we review the current knowledge on the terpenoid precursor pathways and highlight the critical hidden constraints as well as multiple regulatory mechanisms that coordinate and homeostatically govern carbon flux through the terpenoid biosynthetic network in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew E Bergman
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States; Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Ruy W J Kortbeek
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States; Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Michael Gutensohn
- Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Natalia Dudareva
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States; Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States; Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.
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3
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Bahammou D, Recorbet G, Mamode Cassim A, Robert F, Balliau T, Van Delft P, Haddad Y, Mongrand S, Fouillen L, Simon-Plas F. A combined lipidomic and proteomic profiling of Arabidopsis thaliana plasma membrane. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38761101 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
The plant plasma membrane (PM) plays a key role in perception of environmental signals, and set-up of adaptive responses. An exhaustive and quantitative description of the whole set of lipids and proteins constituting the PM is necessary to understand how these components allow to fulfill such essential physiological functions. Here we provide by state-of-the-art approaches the first combined reference of the plant PM lipidome and proteome from Arabidopsis thaliana suspension cell culture. We identified and quantified a reproducible core set of 2165 proteins, which is by far the largest set of available data concerning this plant PM proteome. Using the same samples, combined lipidomic approaches, allowing the identification and quantification of an unprecedented repertoire of 414 molecular species of lipids showed that sterols, phospholipids, and sphingolipids are present in similar proportions in the plant PM. Within each lipid class, the precise amount of each lipid family and the relative proportion of each molecular species were further determined, allowing to establish the complete lipidome of Arabidopsis PM, and highlighting specific characteristics of the different molecular species of lipids. Results obtained point to a finely tuned adjustment of the molecular characteristics of lipids and proteins. More than a hundred proteins related to lipid metabolism, transport, or signaling have been identified and put in perspective of the lipids with which they are associated. This set of data represents an innovative resource to guide further research relative to the organization and functions of the plant PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Bahammou
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, CNRS, Université, Bordeaux, (UMR 5200), F-33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Ghislaine Recorbet
- UMR Agroécologie, INRAE, Institut Agro Dijon, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Adiilah Mamode Cassim
- UMR Agroécologie, INRAE, Institut Agro Dijon, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Franck Robert
- UMR Agroécologie, INRAE, Institut Agro Dijon, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Thierry Balliau
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, CNRS, AgroParisTech, GQE-Le Moulon, PAPPSO, F-91190, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | - Pierre Van Delft
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, CNRS, Université, Bordeaux, (UMR 5200), F-33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Youcef Haddad
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, CNRS, Université, Bordeaux, (UMR 5200), F-33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Sébastien Mongrand
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, CNRS, Université, Bordeaux, (UMR 5200), F-33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Laetitia Fouillen
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, CNRS, Université, Bordeaux, (UMR 5200), F-33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Françoise Simon-Plas
- UMR Agroécologie, INRAE, Institut Agro Dijon, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France
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4
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Sierra J, Escobar-Tovar L, Leon P. Plastids: diving into their diversity, their functions, and their role in plant development. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:2508-2526. [PMID: 36738278 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Plastids are a group of essential, heterogenous semi-autonomous organelles characteristic of plants that perform photosynthesis and a diversity of metabolic pathways that impact growth and development. Plastids are remarkably dynamic and can interconvert in response to specific developmental and environmental cues, functioning as a central metabolic hub in plant cells. By far the best studied plastid is the chloroplast, but in recent years the combination of modern techniques and genetic analyses has expanded our current understanding of plastid morphological and functional diversity in both model and non-model plants. These studies have provided evidence of an unexpected diversity of plastid subtypes with specific characteristics. In this review, we describe recent findings that provide insights into the characteristics of these specialized plastids and their functions. We concentrate on the emerging evidence that supports the model that signals derived from particular plastid types play pivotal roles in plant development, environmental, and defense responses. Furthermore, we provide examples of how new technologies are illuminating the functions of these specialized plastids and the overall complexity of their differentiation processes. Finally, we discuss future research directions such as the use of ectopic plastid differentiation as a valuable tool to characterize factors involved in plastid differentiation. Collectively, we highlight important advances in the field that can also impact future agricultural and biotechnological improvement in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Sierra
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca 62210, México
| | - Lina Escobar-Tovar
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca 62210, México
| | - Patricia Leon
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca 62210, México
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Proteome adaptations under contrasting soil phosphate regimes of Rhizophagus irregularis engaged in a common mycorrhizal network. Fungal Genet Biol 2021; 147:103517. [PMID: 33434644 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2021.103517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
For many plants, their symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi plays a key role in the acquisition of mineral nutrients such as inorganic phosphate (Pi), in exchange for assimilated carbon. To study gene regulation and function in the symbiotic partners, we and others have used compartmented microcosms in which the extra-radical mycelium (ERM), responsible for mineral nutrient supply for the plants, was separated by fine nylon nets from the associated host roots and could be harvested and analysed in isolation. Here, we used such a model system to perform a quantitative comparative protein profiling of the ERM of Rhizophagus irregularis BEG75, forming a common mycorrhizal network (CMN) between poplar and sorghum roots under a long-term high- or low-Pi fertilization regime. Proteins were extracted from the ERM and analysed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. This workflow identified a total of 1301 proteins, among which 162 displayed a differential amount during Pi limitation, as monitored by spectral counting. Higher abundances were recorded for proteins involved in the mobilization of external Pi, such as secreted acid phosphatase, 3',5'-bisphosphate nucleotidase, and calcium-dependent phosphotriesterase. This was also the case for intracellular phospholipase and lysophospholipases that are involved in the initial degradation of phospholipids from membrane lipids to mobilize internal Pi. In Pi-deficient conditions. The CMN proteome was especially enriched in proteins assigned to beta-oxidation, glyoxylate shunt and gluconeogenesis, indicating that storage lipids rather than carbohydrates are fuelled in ERM as the carbon source to support hyphal growth and energy requirements. The contrasting pattern of expression of AM-specific fatty acid biosynthetic genes between the two plants suggests that in low Pi conditions, fatty acid provision to the fungal network is mediated by sorghum roots but not by poplar. Loss of enzymes involved in arginine synthesis coupled to the mobilization of proteins involved in the breakdown of nitrogen sources such as intercellular purines and amino acids, support the view that ammonium acquisition by host plants through the mycorrhizal pathway may be reduced under low-Pi conditions. This proteomic study highlights the functioning of a CMN in Pi limiting conditions, and provides new perspectives to study plant nutrient acquisition as mediated by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.
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6
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Mackenzie SA, Kundariya H. Organellar protein multi-functionality and phenotypic plasticity in plants. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 375:20190182. [PMID: 31787051 PMCID: PMC6939364 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
With the increasing impact of climate instability on agricultural and ecological systems has come a heightened sense of urgency to understand plant adaptation mechanisms in more detail. Plant species have a remarkable ability to disperse their progeny to a wide range of environments, demonstrating extraordinary resiliency mechanisms that incorporate epigenetics and transgenerational stability. Surprisingly, some of the underlying versatility of plants to adapt to abiotic and biotic stress emerges from the neofunctionalization of organelles and organellar proteins. We describe evidence of possible plastid specialization and multi-functional organellar protein features that serve to enhance plant phenotypic plasticity. These features appear to rely on, for example, spatio-temporal regulation of plastid composition, and unusual interorganellar protein targeting and retrograde signalling features that facilitate multi-functionalization. Although we report in detail on three such specializations, involving MSH1, WHIRLY1 and CUE1 proteins in Arabidopsis, there is ample reason to believe that these represent only a fraction of what is yet to be discovered as we begin to elaborate cross-species diversity. Recent observations suggest that plant proteins previously defined in one context may soon be rediscovered in new roles and that much more detailed investigation of proteins that show subcellular multi-targeting may be warranted. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Linking the mitochondrial genotype to phenotype: a complex endeavour’.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally A Mackenzie
- Departments of Biology and Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, 362 Frear North Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Hardik Kundariya
- Departments of Biology and Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, 362 Frear North Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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7
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Fabiańska I, Bucher M, Häusler RE. Intracellular phosphate homeostasis - A short way from metabolism to signaling. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 286:57-67. [PMID: 31300142 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus in plant cells occurs in inorganic form as both ortho- and pyrophosphate or bound to organic compounds, like e.g., nucleotides, phosphorylated metabolites, phospholipids, phosphorylated proteins, or phytate as P storage in the vacuoles of seeds. Individual compartments of the cell are surrounded by membranes that are selective barriers to avoid uncontrolled solute exchange. A controlled exchange of phosphate or phosphorylated metabolites is accomplished by specific phosphate transporters (PHTs) and the plastidial phosphate translocator family (PTs) of the inner envelope membrane. Plastids, in particular chloroplasts, are the site of various anabolic sequences of enzyme-catalyzed reactions. Apart from their role in metabolism PHTs and PTs are presumed to be also involved in communication between organelles and plant organs. Here we will focus on the integration of phosphate transport and homeostasis in signaling processes. Recent developments in this field will be critically assessed and potential future developments discussed. In particular, the occurrence of various plastid types in one organ (i.e. the leaf) with different functions with respect to metabolism or sensing, as has been documented recently following a tissue-specific proteomics approach (Beltran et al., 2018), will shed new light on functional aspects of phosphate homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Fabiańska
- Botanical Institute, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Marcel Bucher
- Botanical Institute, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany; Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Rainer E Häusler
- Botanical Institute, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany.
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8
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Bockwoldt M, Heiland I, Fischer K. The evolution of the plastid phosphate translocator family. PLANTA 2019; 250:245-261. [PMID: 30993402 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03161-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The plastid phosphate translocators evolved in algae but diversified into several groups, which adopted different physiological functions by extensive gene duplications and losses in Streptophyta. The plastid phosphate translocators (pPT) are a family of transporters involved in the exchange of metabolites and inorganic phosphate between stroma and cytosol. Based on their substrate specificities, they were divided into four subfamilies named TPT, PPT, GPT and XPT. To analyse the occurrence of these transporters in different algae and land plant species, we identified 652 pPT genes in 101 sequenced genomes for phylogenetic analysis. The first three subfamilies are found in all species and evolved before the split of red and green algae while the XPTs were derived from the duplication of a GPT gene at the base of Streptophyta. The analysis of the intron-exon structures of the pPTs corroborated these findings. While the number and positions of introns are conserved within each subfamily, they differ between the subfamilies suggesting an insertion of the introns shortly after the three subfamilies evolved. During angiosperm evolution, the subfamilies further split into different groups (TPT1-2, PPT1-3, GPT1-6). Angiosperm species differ significantly in the total number of pPTs, with many species having only a few, while several plants, especially crops, have a higher number, pointing to the importance of these transporters for improved source-sink strength and yield. The differences in the number of pPTs can be explained by several small-scale gene duplications and losses in plant families or single species, but also by whole genome duplications, for example, in grasses. This work could be the basis for a comprehensive analysis of the molecular and physiological functions of this important family of transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Bockwoldt
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Biologibygget, Framstredet 39, 9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ines Heiland
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Biologibygget, Framstredet 39, 9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Karsten Fischer
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Biologibygget, Framstredet 39, 9037, Tromsø, Norway.
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Pinard D, Fierro AC, Marchal K, Myburg AA, Mizrachi E. Organellar carbon metabolism is coordinated with distinct developmental phases of secondary xylem. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 222:1832-1845. [PMID: 30742304 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Subcellular compartmentation of plant biosynthetic pathways in the mitochondria and plastids requires coordinated regulation of nuclear encoded genes, and the role of these genes has been largely ignored by wood researchers. In this study, we constructed a targeted systems genetics coexpression network of xylogenesis in Eucalyptus using plastid and mitochondrial carbon metabolic genes and compared the resulting clusters to the aspen xylem developmental series. The constructed network clusters reveal the organization of transcriptional modules regulating subcellular metabolic functions in plastids and mitochondria. Overlapping genes between the plastid and mitochondrial networks implicate the common transcriptional regulation of carbon metabolism during xylem secondary growth. We show that the central processes of organellar carbon metabolism are distinctly coordinated across the developmental stages of wood formation and are specifically associated with primary growth and secondary cell wall deposition. We also demonstrate that, during xylogenesis, plastid-targeted carbon metabolism is partially regulated by the central clock for carbon allocation towards primary and secondary xylem growth, and we discuss these networks in the context of previously established associations with wood-related complex traits. This study provides a new resolution into the integration and transcriptional regulation of plastid- and mitochondrial-localized carbon metabolism during xylogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desré Pinard
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
- Genomics Research Institute (GRI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Ana Carolina Fierro
- Department of Information Technology, Ghent University - iMinds, Technologiepark 15, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
| | - Kathleen Marchal
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
- Department of Information Technology, Ghent University - iMinds, Technologiepark 15, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
| | - Alexander A Myburg
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
- Genomics Research Institute (GRI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Eshchar Mizrachi
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
- Genomics Research Institute (GRI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
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de Oliveira MVV, Jin X, Chen X, Griffith D, Batchu S, Maeda HA. Imbalance of tyrosine by modulating TyrA arogenate dehydrogenases impacts growth and development of Arabidopsis thaliana. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 97:901-922. [PMID: 30457178 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
l-Tyrosine is an essential aromatic amino acid required for the synthesis of proteins and a diverse array of plant natural products; however, little is known on how the levels of tyrosine are controlled in planta and linked to overall growth and development. Most plants synthesize tyrosine by TyrA arogenate dehydrogenases, which are strongly feedback-inhibited by tyrosine and encoded by TyrA1 and TyrA2 genes in Arabidopsis thaliana. While TyrA enzymes have been extensively characterized at biochemical levels, their in planta functions remain uncertain. Here we found that TyrA1 suppression reduces seed yield due to impaired anther dehiscence, whereas TyrA2 knockout leads to slow growth with reticulate leaves. The tyra2 mutant phenotypes were exacerbated by TyrA1 suppression and rescued by the expression of TyrA2, TyrA1 or tyrosine feeding. Low-light conditions synchronized the tyra2 and wild-type growth, and ameliorated the tyra2 leaf reticulation. After shifting to normal light, tyra2 transiently decreased tyrosine and subsequently increased aspartate before the appearance of the leaf phenotypes. Overexpression of the deregulated TyrA enzymes led to hyper-accumulation of tyrosine, which was also accompanied by elevated aspartate and reticulate leaves. These results revealed that TyrA1 and TyrA2 have distinct and overlapping functions in flower and leaf development, respectively, and that imbalance of tyrosine, caused by altered TyrA activity and regulation, impacts growth and development of Arabidopsis. The findings provide critical bases for improving the production of tyrosine and its derived natural products, and further elucidating the coordinated metabolic and physiological processes to maintain tyrosine levels in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos V V de Oliveira
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 430 Lincoln Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Xing Jin
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 430 Lincoln Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Xuan Chen
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 430 Lincoln Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Daniel Griffith
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 430 Lincoln Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Sai Batchu
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 430 Lincoln Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- Department of Biology, The College of New Jersey, Biology Building, 2000 Pennington Road, Ewing, NJ, 08628, USA
| | - Hiroshi A Maeda
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 430 Lincoln Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
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11
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Hilgers EJA, Staehr P, Flügge UI, Häusler RE. The Xylulose 5-Phosphate/Phosphate Translocator Supports Triose Phosphate, but Not Phosphoenolpyruvate Transport Across the Inner Envelope Membrane of Plastids in Arabidopsis thaliana Mutant Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1461. [PMID: 30405650 PMCID: PMC6201195 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The xylulose 5-phosphate/phosphate translocator (PTs) (XPT) represents a link between the plastidial and extraplastidial branches of the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway. Its role is to retrieve pentose phosphates from the extraplastidial space and to make them available to the plastids. However, the XPT transports also triose phosphates and to a lesser extent phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP). Thus, it might support both the triose phosphate/PT (TPT) in the export of photoassimilates from illuminated chloroplasts and the PEP/PT (PPT) in the import of PEP into green or non-green plastids. In mutants defective in the day- and night-path of photoassimilate export from the chloroplasts (i.e., knockout of the TPT [tpt-2] in a starch-free background [adg1-1])the XPT provides a bypass for triose phosphate export and thereby guarantees survival of the adg1-1/tpt-2 double mutant. Here we show that the additional knockout of the XPT in adg1-1/tpt-2/xpt-1 triple mutants results in lethality when the plants were grown in soil. Thus the XPT can functionally support the TPT. The PEP transport capacity of the XPT has been revisited here with a protein heterologously expressed in yeast. PEP transport rates in the proteoliposome system were increased with decreasing pH-values below 7.0. Moreover, PEP transport determined in leaf extracts from wild-type plants showed a similar pH-response, suggesting that in both cases PEP2- is the transported charge-species. Hence, PEP import into illuminated chloroplasts might be unidirectional because of the alkaline pH of the stroma. Here the consequence of a block in PEP transport across the envelope was analyzed in triple mutants defective in both PPTs and the XPT. PPT1 is knocked out in the cue1 mutant. For PPT2 two new mutant alleles were isolated and established as homozygous lines. In contrast to the strong phenotype of cue1, both ppt2 alleles showed only slight growth retardation. As plastidial PEP is required e.g., for the shikimate pathway of aromatic amino acid synthesis, a block in PEP import should result in a lethal phenotype. However, the cue1-6/ppt2-1/ppt2-1 triple mutant was viable and even exhibited residual PEP transport capacity. Hence, alternative ways of PEP transport must exist and are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke J. A. Hilgers
- Department of Biology, Botany II and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Pia Staehr
- Department of Biology, Botany II and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Lophius Biosciences GmbH, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ulf-Ingo Flügge
- Department of Biology, Botany II and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Rainer E. Häusler
- Department of Biology, Botany II and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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12
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Beltrán J, Wamboldt Y, Sanchez R, LaBrant EW, Kundariya H, Virdi KS, Elowsky C, Mackenzie SA. Specialized Plastids Trigger Tissue-Specific Signaling for Systemic Stress Response in Plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 178:672-683. [PMID: 30135097 PMCID: PMC6181059 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.00804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Plastids comprise a complex set of organelles in plants that can undergo distinctive patterns of differentiation and redifferentiation during their lifespan. Plastids localized to the epidermis and vascular parenchyma are distinctive in size, structural features, and functions. These plastids are termed "sensory" plastids, and here we show their proteome to be distinct from chloroplasts, with specialized stress-associated features. The distinctive sensory plastid proteome in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) derives from spatiotemporal regulation of nuclear genes encoding plastid-targeted proteins. Perturbation caused by depletion of the sensory plastid-specific protein MutS HOMOLOG1 conditioned local, programmed changes in gene networks controlling chromatin, stress-related phytohormone, and circadian clock behavior and producing a global, systemic stress response in the plant. We posit that the sensory plastid participates in sensing environmental stress, integrating this sensory function with epigenetic and gene expression circuitry to condition heritable stress memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Beltrán
- Departments of Biology and Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588
| | - Yashitola Wamboldt
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588
| | - Robersy Sanchez
- Departments of Biology and Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Evan W LaBrant
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588
| | - Hardik Kundariya
- Departments of Biology and Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Kamaldeep S Virdi
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588
| | - Christian Elowsky
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588
| | - Sally A Mackenzie
- Departments of Biology and Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
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13
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Pinard D, Mizrachi E. Unsung and understudied: plastids involved in secondary growth. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 42:30-36. [PMID: 29459221 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Plastids represent the only subcellular compartment where aromatic amino acid precursors for lignin can be synthesized during secondary growth in vascular plants. Despite this, aside from a general shared understanding that plastid-localized metabolism occurs during secondary growth, virtually no research has been performed on understanding their biology. Of particular importance will be insight into their ontogeny, morphology and ultrastructure, and (given the complex cytonuclear communication required) their nuclear-encoded and organellar-encoded regulation. Updating and integrating this knowledge will contribute to our fundamental understanding of a ubiquitous developmental process in vascular plants, and a major terrestrial carbon sink, as well as carbon-related plant biotechnology. Given available evidence, we propose a new name for a distinct plastid derivative-the 'xyloplast', is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desre Pinard
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), Genomics Research Institute (GRI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Eshchar Mizrachi
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), Genomics Research Institute (GRI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria 0028, South Africa.
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14
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Rosa-Téllez S, Anoman AD, Flores-Tornero M, Toujani W, Alseek S, Fernie AR, Nebauer SG, Muñoz-Bertomeu J, Segura J, Ros R. Phosphoglycerate Kinases Are Co-Regulated to Adjust Metabolism and to Optimize Growth. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 176:1182-1198. [PMID: 28951489 PMCID: PMC5813584 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.01227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In plants, phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) converts 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate into 3-phosphoglycerate in glycolysis but also participates in the reverse reaction in gluconeogenesis and the Calvin-Benson cycle. In the databases, we found three genes that encode putative PGKs. Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) PGK1 was localized exclusively in the chloroplasts of photosynthetic tissues, while PGK2 was expressed in the chloroplast/plastid of photosynthetic and nonphotosynthetic cells. PGK3 was expressed ubiquitously in the cytosol of all studied cell types. Measurements of carbohydrate content and photosynthetic activities in PGK mutants and silenced lines corroborated that PGK1 was the photosynthetic isoform, while PGK2 and PGK3 were the plastidial and cytosolic glycolytic isoforms, respectively. The pgk1.1 knockdown mutant displayed reduced growth, lower photosynthetic capacity, and starch content. The pgk3.2 knockout mutant was characterized by reduced growth but higher starch levels than the wild type. The pgk1.1 pgk3.2 double mutant was bigger than pgk3.2 and displayed an intermediate phenotype between the two single mutants in all measured biochemical and physiological parameters. Expression studies in PGK mutants showed that PGK1 and PGK3 were down-regulated in pgk3.2 and pgk1.1, respectively. These results indicate that the down-regulation of photosynthetic activity could be a plant strategy when glycolysis is impaired to achieve metabolic adjustment and optimize growth. The double mutants of PGK3 and the triose-phosphate transporter (pgk3.2 tpt3) displayed a drastic growth phenotype, but they were viable. This implies that other enzymes or nonspecific chloroplast transporters could provide 3-phosphoglycerate to the cytosol. Our results highlight both the complexity and the plasticity of the plant primary metabolic network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Rosa-Téllez
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, 46100 Valencia, Spain
- Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Armand Djoro Anoman
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, 46100 Valencia, Spain
- Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - María Flores-Tornero
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, 46100 Valencia, Spain
- Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Walid Toujani
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, 46100 Valencia, Spain
- Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Saleh Alseek
- Max Planck Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max Planck Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Sergio G Nebauer
- Departamento de Producción Vegetal, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Jesús Muñoz-Bertomeu
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, 46100 Valencia, Spain
- Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Juan Segura
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, 46100 Valencia, Spain
- Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Roc Ros
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, 46100 Valencia, Spain
- Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
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15
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Aloui A, Recorbet G, Lemaître-Guillier C, Mounier A, Balliau T, Zivy M, Wipf D, Dumas-Gaudot E. The plasma membrane proteome of Medicago truncatula roots as modified by arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. MYCORRHIZA 2018; 28:1-16. [PMID: 28725961 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-017-0789-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) roots, the plasma membrane (PM) of the host plant is involved in all developmental stages of the symbiotic interaction, from initial recognition to intracellular accommodation of intra-radical hyphae and arbuscules. Although the role of the PM as the agent for cellular morphogenesis and nutrient exchange is especially accentuated in endosymbiosis, very little is known regarding the PM protein composition of mycorrhizal roots. To obtain a global overview at the proteome level of the host PM proteins as modified by symbiosis, we performed a comparative protein profiling of PM fractions from Medicago truncatula roots either inoculated or not with the AM fungus Rhizophagus irregularis. PM proteins were isolated from root microsomes using an optimized discontinuous sucrose gradient; their subsequent analysis by liquid chromatography followed by mass spectrometry (MS) identified 674 proteins. Cross-species sequence homology searches combined with MS-based quantification clearly confirmed enrichment in PM-associated proteins and depletion of major microsomal contaminants. Changes in protein amounts between the PM proteomes of mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal roots were monitored further by spectral counting. This workflow identified a set of 82 mycorrhiza-responsive proteins that provided insights into the plant PM response to mycorrhizal symbiosis. Among them, the association of one third of the mycorrhiza-responsive proteins with detergent-resistant membranes pointed at partitioning to PM microdomains. The PM-associated proteins responsive to mycorrhization also supported host plant control of sugar uptake to limit fungal colonization, and lipid turnover events in the PM fraction of symbiotic roots. Because of the depletion upon symbiosis of proteins mediating the replacement of phospholipids by phosphorus-free lipids in the plasmalemma, we propose a role of phosphate nutrition in the PM composition of mycorrhizal roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achref Aloui
- UMR Agroécologie, INRA/AgroSup/University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Pôle Interactions Plantes Microrganismes, ERL 6003 CNRS, BP 86510, 21065, Dijon Cedex, France
- Laboratoire des Plantes Extrêmophiles, Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj-Cédria, BP 901, 2050, Hammam-lif, Tunisia
| | - Ghislaine Recorbet
- UMR Agroécologie, INRA/AgroSup/University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Pôle Interactions Plantes Microrganismes, ERL 6003 CNRS, BP 86510, 21065, Dijon Cedex, France.
| | - Christelle Lemaître-Guillier
- UMR Agroécologie, INRA/AgroSup/University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Pôle Interactions Plantes Microrganismes, ERL 6003 CNRS, BP 86510, 21065, Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Arnaud Mounier
- UMR Agroécologie, INRA/AgroSup/University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Pôle Interactions Plantes Microrganismes, ERL 6003 CNRS, BP 86510, 21065, Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Thierry Balliau
- UMR de Génétique végétale, PAPPSO, Ferme du Moulon, 91190, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Michel Zivy
- UMR de Génétique végétale, PAPPSO, Ferme du Moulon, 91190, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Daniel Wipf
- UMR Agroécologie, INRA/AgroSup/University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Pôle Interactions Plantes Microrganismes, ERL 6003 CNRS, BP 86510, 21065, Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Eliane Dumas-Gaudot
- UMR Agroécologie, INRA/AgroSup/University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Pôle Interactions Plantes Microrganismes, ERL 6003 CNRS, BP 86510, 21065, Dijon Cedex, France
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16
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Flores-Tornero M, Anoman AD, Rosa-Téllez S, Toujani W, Weber APM, Eisenhut M, Kurz S, Alseekh S, Fernie AR, Muñoz-Bertomeu J, Ros R. Overexpression of the triose phosphate translocator (TPT) complements the abnormal metabolism and development of plastidial glycolytic glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase mutants. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 89:1146-1158. [PMID: 27984670 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The presence of two glycolytic pathways working in parallel in plastids and cytosol has complicated the understanding of this essential process in plant cells, especially the integration of the plastidial pathway into the metabolism of heterotrophic and autotrophic organs. It is assumed that this integration is achieved by transport systems, which exchange glycolytic intermediates across plastidial membranes. However, it is unknown whether plastidial and cytosolic pools of 3-phosphoglycerate (3-PGA) can equilibrate in non-photosynthetic tissues. To resolve this question, we employed Arabidopsis mutants of the plastidial glycolytic isoforms of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPCp) that express the triose phosphate translocator (TPT) under the control of the 35S (35S:TPT) or the native GAPCp1 (GAPCp1:TPT) promoters. TPT expression under the control of both promoters complemented the vegetative developmental defects and metabolic disorders of the GAPCp double mutants (gapcp1gapcp2). However, as the 35S is poorly expressed in the tapetum, full vegetative and reproductive complementation of gapcp1gapcp2 was achieved only by transforming this mutant with the GAPCp1:TPT construct. Our results indicate that the main function of GAPCp is to supply 3-PGA for anabolic pathways in plastids of heterotrophic cells and suggest that the plastidial glycolysis may contribute to fatty acid biosynthesis in seeds. They also suggest a 3-PGA deficiency in the plastids of gapcp1gapcp2, and that 3-PGA pools between cytosol and plastid do not equilibrate in heterotrophic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Flores-Tornero
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Farmácia, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
- Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (ERI BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Dr Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Armand D Anoman
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Farmácia, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
- Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (ERI BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Dr Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Sara Rosa-Téllez
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Farmácia, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
- Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (ERI BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Dr Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Walid Toujani
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Farmácia, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
- Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (ERI BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Dr Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Andreas P M Weber
- Institut für Biochemie der Pflanzen, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine Universität, D-40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marion Eisenhut
- Institut für Biochemie der Pflanzen, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine Universität, D-40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Samantha Kurz
- Institut für Biochemie der Pflanzen, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine Universität, D-40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Saleh Alseekh
- Max Planck Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max Planck Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Jesús Muñoz-Bertomeu
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Farmácia, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Roc Ros
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Farmácia, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
- Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (ERI BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Dr Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
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17
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Daher Z, Recorbet G, Solymosi K, Wienkoop S, Mounier A, Morandi D, Lherminier J, Wipf D, Dumas-Gaudot E, Schoefs B. Changes in plastid proteome and structure in arbuscular mycorrhizal roots display a nutrient starvation signature. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2017; 159:13-29. [PMID: 27558913 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
During arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis, arbuscule-containing root cortex cells display a proliferation of plastids, a feature usually ascribed to an increased plant anabolism despite the lack of studies focusing on purified root plastids. In this study, we investigated mycorrhiza-induced changes in plastidic pathways by performing a label-free comparative subcellular quantitative proteomic analysis targeted on plastid-enriched fractions isolated from Medicago truncatula roots, coupled to a cytological analysis of plastid structure. We identified 490 root plastid protein candidates, among which 79 changed in abundance upon mycorrhization, as inferred from spectral counting. According to cross-species sequence homology searches, the mycorrhiza-responsive proteome was enriched in proteins experimentally localized in thylakoids, whereas it was depleted of proteins ascribed predominantly to amyloplasts. Consistently, the analysis of plastid morphology using transmission electron microscopy indicated that starch depletion associated with the proliferation of membrane-free and tubular membrane-containing plastids was a feature specific to arbusculated cells. The loss of enzymes involved in carbon/nitrogen assimilation and provision of reducing power, coupled to macromolecule degradation events in the plastid-enriched fraction of mycorrhizal roots that paralleled lack of starch accumulation in arbusculated cells, lead us to propose that arbuscule functioning elicits a nutrient starvation and an oxidative stress signature that may prime arbuscule breakdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeina Daher
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Pôle Interactions Plantes Microrganismes, Dijon cedex 21065, France
| | - Ghislaine Recorbet
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Pôle Interactions Plantes Microrganismes, Dijon cedex 21065, France
| | - Katalin Solymosi
- Department of Plant Anatomy, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
| | - Stefanie Wienkoop
- Department of Molecular System Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Arnaud Mounier
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Pôle Interactions Plantes Microrganismes, Dijon cedex 21065, France
| | - Dominique Morandi
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Pôle Interactions Plantes Microrganismes, Dijon cedex 21065, France
| | - Jeannine Lherminier
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Pôle Interactions Plantes Microrganismes, Dijon cedex 21065, France
| | - Daniel Wipf
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Pôle Interactions Plantes Microrganismes, Dijon cedex 21065, France
| | - Eliane Dumas-Gaudot
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Pôle Interactions Plantes Microrganismes, Dijon cedex 21065, France
| | - Benoît Schoefs
- MicroMar, Mer, Molécules, Santé, UBL, Université du Maine, Le Mans Cedex 9 72085, France
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18
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Van Dingenen J, Blomme J, Gonzalez N, Inzé D. Plants grow with a little help from their organelle friends. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:6267-6281. [PMID: 27815330 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplasts and mitochondria are indispensable for plant development. They not only provide energy and carbon sources to cells, but also have evolved to become major players in a variety of processes such as amino acid metabolism, hormone biosynthesis and cellular signalling. As semi-autonomous organelles, they contain a small genome that relies largely on nuclear factors for its maintenance and expression. An intensive crosstalk between the nucleus and the organelles is therefore essential to ensure proper functioning, and the nuclear genes encoding organellar proteins involved in photosynthesis and oxidative phosphorylation are obviously crucial for plant growth. Organ growth is determined by two main cellular processes: cell proliferation and cell expansion. Here, we review how plant growth is affected in mutants of organellar proteins that are differentially expressed during leaf and root development. Our findings indicate a clear role for organellar proteins in plant organ growth, primarily during cell proliferation. However, to date, the role of the nuclear-encoded organellar proteins in the cellular processes driving organ growth has not been investigated in much detail. We therefore encourage researchers to extend their phenotypic characterization beyond macroscopic features in order to get a better view on how chloroplasts and mitochondria regulate the basic processes of cell proliferation and cell expansion, essential to driving growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Van Dingenen
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jonas Blomme
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Gonzalez
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dirk Inzé
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
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19
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Griffiths CA, Paul MJ, Foyer CH. Metabolite transport and associated sugar signalling systems underpinning source/sink interactions. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2016; 1857:1715-25. [PMID: 27487250 PMCID: PMC5001786 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Metabolite transport between organelles, cells and source and sink tissues not only enables pathway co-ordination but it also facilitates whole plant communication, particularly in the transmission of information concerning resource availability. Carbon assimilation is co-ordinated with nitrogen assimilation to ensure that the building blocks of biomass production, amino acids and carbon skeletons, are available at the required amounts and stoichiometry, with associated transport processes making certain that these essential resources are transported from their sites of synthesis to those of utilisation. Of the many possible posttranslational mechanisms that might participate in efficient co-ordination of metabolism and transport only reversible thiol-disulphide exchange mechanisms have been described in detail. Sucrose and trehalose metabolism are intertwined in the signalling hub that ensures appropriate resource allocation to drive growth and development under optimal and stress conditions, with trehalose-6-phosphate acting as an important signal for sucrose availability. The formidable suite of plant metabolite transporters provides enormous flexibility and adaptability in inter-pathway coordination and source-sink interactions. Focussing on the carbon metabolism network, we highlight the functions of different transporter families, and the important of thioredoxins in the metabolic dialogue between source and sink tissues. In addition, we address how these systems can be tailored for crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara A Griffiths
- Plant Biology and Crop Science, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Matthew J Paul
- Plant Biology and Crop Science, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Christine H Foyer
- Centre for Plant Sciences, School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
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20
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Luesse DR, Wilson ME, Haswell ES. RNA Sequencing Analysis of the msl2msl3, crl, and ggps1 Mutants Indicates that Diverse Sources of Plastid Dysfunction Do Not Alter Leaf Morphology Through a Common Signaling Pathway. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:1148. [PMID: 26734046 PMCID: PMC4686620 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Determining whether individual genes function in the same or in different pathways is an important aspect of genetic analysis. As an alternative to the construction of higher-order mutants, we used contemporary expression profiling methods to perform pathway analysis on several Arabidopsis thaliana mutants, including the mscS-like (msl)2msl3 double mutant. MSL2 and MSL3 are implicated in plastid ion homeostasis, and msl2msl3 double mutants exhibit leaves with a lobed periphery, a rumpled surface, and disturbed mesophyll cell organization. Similar developmental phenotypes are also observed in other mutants with defects in a range of other chloroplast or mitochondrial functions, including biogenesis, gene expression, and metabolism. We wished to test the hypothesis that the common leaf morphology phenotypes of these mutants are the result of a characteristic nuclear expression pattern that is generated in response to organelle dysfunction. RNA-Sequencing was performed on aerial tissue of msl2msl3 geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase 1 (ggps1), and crumpled leaf (crl) mutants. While large groups of co-expressed genes were identified in pairwise comparisons between genotypes, we were only able to identify a small set of genes that showed similar expression profiles in all three genotypes. Subsequent comparison to the previously published gene expression profiles of two other mutants, yellow variegated 2 (var2) and scabra3 (sca3), failed to reveal a common pattern of gene expression associated with superficially similar leaf morphology defects. Nor did we observe overlap between genes differentially expressed in msl2msl3, crl, and ggps1 and a previously identified retrograde core response module. These data suggest that a common retrograde signaling pathway initiated by organelle dysfunction either does not exist in these mutants or cannot be identified through transcriptomic methods. Instead, the leaf developmental defects observed in these mutants may be achieved through a number of independent pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darron R. Luesse
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University EdwardsvilleEdwardsville, IL, USA
| | - Margaret E. Wilson
- Department of Biology, Washington University in Saint LouisSaint Louis, MO, USA
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Pogson BJ, Ganguly D, Albrecht-Borth V. Insights into chloroplast biogenesis and development. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2015; 1847:1017-24. [PMID: 25667967 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In recent years many advances have been made to obtain insight into chloroplast biogenesis and development. In plants several plastids types exist such as the proplastid (which is the progenitor of all plastids), leucoplasts (group of colourless plastids important for storage including elaioplasts (lipids), amyloplasts (starch) or proteinoplasts (proteins)), chromoplasts (yellow to orange-coloured due to carotenoids, in flowers or in old leaves as gerontoplasts), and the green chloroplasts. Chloroplasts are indispensable for plant development; not only by performing photosynthesis and thus rendering the plant photoautotrophic, but also for biochemical processes (which in some instances can also take place in other plastids types), such as the synthesis of pigments, lipids, and plant hormones and sensing environmental stimuli. Although we understand many aspects of these processes there are gaps in our understanding of the establishment of functional chloroplasts and their regulation. Why is that so? Even though chloroplast function is comparable in all plants and most of the algae, ferns and moss, detailed analyses have revealed many differences, specifically with respect to its biogenesis. As an update to our prior review on the genetic analysis of chloroplast biogenesis and development [1] herein we will focus on recent advances in Angiosperms (monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants) that provide novel insights and highlight the challenges and prospects for unravelling the regulation of chloroplast biogenesis specifically during the establishment of the young plants. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Chloroplast Biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diep Ganguly
- Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
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Häusler RE, Ludewig F, Krueger S. Amino acids--a life between metabolism and signaling. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 229:225-237. [PMID: 25443849 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2014.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Amino acids serve as constituents of proteins, precursors for anabolism, and, in some cases, as signaling molecules in mammalians and plants. This review is focused on new insights, or speculations, on signaling functions of serine, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and phenylalanine-derived phenylpropanoids. Serine acts as signal in brain tissue and mammalian cancer cells. In plants, de novo serine biosynthesis is also highly active in fast growing tissues such as meristems, suggesting a similar role of serine as in mammalians. GABA functions as inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. In plants, GABA is also abundant and seems to be involved in sexual reproduction, cell elongation, patterning and cell identity. The aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan are precursors for the production of secondary plant products. Besides their pharmaceutical value, lignans, neolignans and hydroxycinnamic acid amides (HCAA) deriving from phenylpropanoid metabolism and, in the case of HCAA, also from arginine have been shown to fulfill signaling functions or are involved in the response to biotic and abiotic stress. Although some basics on phenylpropanoid-derived signaling have been described, little is known on recognition- or signal transduction mechanisms. In general, mutant- and transgenic approaches will be helpful to elucidate the mechanistic basis of metabolite signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer E Häusler
- Department of Botany II, University of Cologne, Cologne Biocenter, Zülpicherstr. 47B, 50674 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Frank Ludewig
- Department of Botany II, University of Cologne, Cologne Biocenter, Zülpicherstr. 47B, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Stephan Krueger
- Department of Botany II, University of Cologne, Cologne Biocenter, Zülpicherstr. 47B, 50674 Cologne, Germany
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