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Jin Y, Chen Z, White JF, Malik K, Li C. Interactions between Epichloë endophyte and the plant microbiome impact nitrogen responses in host Achnatherum inebrians plants. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0257423. [PMID: 38488391 PMCID: PMC10986526 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02574-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The clavicipitaceous fungus Epichloë gansuensis forms symbiotic associations with drunken horse grass (Achnatherum inebrians), providing biotic and abiotic stress protection to its host. However, it is unclear how E. gansuensis affects the assembly of host plant-associated bacterial communities after ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N) treatment. We examined the shoot- and root-associated bacterial microbiota and root metabolites of A. inebrians when infected (I) or uninfected (F) with E. gansuensis endophyte. The results showed more pronounced NH4+-N-induced microbial and metabolic changes in the endophyte-infected plants compared to the endophyte-free plants. E. gansuensis significantly altered bacterial community composition and β-diversity in shoots and roots and increased bacterial α-diversity under NH4+-N treatment. The relative abundance of 117 and 157 root metabolites significantly changed with E. gansuensis infection under water and NH4+-N treatment compared to endophyte-free plants. Root bacterial community composition was significantly related to the abundance of the top 30 metabolites [variable importance in the projection (VIP) > 2 and VIP > 3] contributing to differences between I and F plants, especially alkaloids. The correlation network between root microbiome and metabolites was complex. Microorganisms in the Proteobacteria and Firmicutes phyla were significantly associated with the R00693 metabolic reaction of cysteine and methionine metabolism. Co-metabolism network analysis revealed common metabolites between host plants and microorganisms.IMPORTANCEOur results suggest that the effect of endophyte infection is sensitive to nitrogen availability. Endophyte symbiosis altered the composition of shoot and root bacterial communities, increasing bacterial diversity. There was also a change in the class and relative abundance of metabolites. We found a complex co-occurrence network between root microorganisms and metabolites, with some metabolites shared between the host plant and its microbiome. The precise ecological function of the metabolites produced in response to endophyte infection remains unknown. However, some of these compounds may facilitate plant-microbe symbiosis by increasing the uptake of beneficial soil bacteria into plant tissues. Overall, these findings advance our understanding of the interactions between the microbiome, metabolome, and endophyte symbiosis in grasses. The results provide critical insight into the mechanisms by which the plant microbiome responds to nutrient stress in the presence of fungal endophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Western China Grassland Industry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Center for Grassland Microbiome, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhenjiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Western China Grassland Industry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Center for Grassland Microbiome, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - James F. White
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Kamran Malik
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Western China Grassland Industry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Center for Grassland Microbiome, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chunjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Western China Grassland Industry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Center for Grassland Microbiome, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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Huang M, Chen L, Ma J, Mo J, He L, Liang Q, Peng G, Tan Z. Biological functions of endophytic bacteria in Robinia pseudoacacia 'Hongsen '. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1128727. [PMID: 37621396 PMCID: PMC10446884 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1128727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Endophytes and their host plants have co-evolved for a very long time. This relationship has led to the general recognition of endophytes as a particular class of microbial resources. R. pseudoacacia 'Hongsen' is drought- and barren-resistant species that can be grown in both the north and south of China, efficiently addresses the ecological issues caused by China's 'southern eucalyptus and northern poplar. Up to date, cultured-dependent studies are available for the R. pseudoacacia nitrogen-fixing and other endophytes. Therefore, the present research studied the R. pseudoacacia 'Hongsen,' microbiome in detail by high-throughput sequencing and culture dependant. Methods This study examined microbial species and functional diversity in Robinia pseudoacacia 'Hongsen' using culture-dependent (isolation) and culture-independent techniques. Results A total of 210 isolates were isolated from R. pseudoacacia 'Hongsen.' These isolates were clustered into 16 groups by the In Situ PCR (IS-PCR) fingerprinting patterns. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of the representative strain of each group revealed that these groups belonged to 16 species of 8 genera, demonstrating the diversity of endophytes in R. pseudoacacia 'Hongsen'. 'Bacillus is the most prevalent genus among all the endophytic bacteria. High-throughput sequencing of endophytic bacteria from R. pseudoacacia 'Hongsen' of the plant and the rhizosphere soil bacteria showed that the bacterial populations of soil near the root, leaf, and rhizosphere differed significantly. The microbial abundance decreased in the endophytes as compared to the rhizosphere. We observed a similar community structure of roots and leaves. With and without root nodules, Mesorhizobium sp. was significantly different in R. pseudoacacia 'Hongsen' plant. Discussion It was predicted that R. pseudoacacia 'Hongsen' plant endophytic bacteria would play a significant role in the metabolic process, such as carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, membrane transport, and energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minqing Huang
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijing Chen
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiasi Ma
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingzhi Mo
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu He
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qihua Liang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guixiang Peng
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyuan Tan
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Feng Q, Cao S, Liao S, Wassie M, Sun X, Chen L, Xie Y. Fusarium equiseti-inoculation altered rhizosphere soil microbial community, potentially driving perennial ryegrass growth and salt tolerance. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 871:162153. [PMID: 36764552 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium equiseti is an effective plant growth-promoting fungi that induce systemic disease resistance in plants. However, the role of F. equiseti in regulating salt stress response and the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we investigated the effect of F. equiseti Z7 strain on the growth and salt stress response in perennial ryegrass. Additionally, the role of Z7 in regulating the abundance, composition, and structure of native microbial communities in the rhizosphere soil was determined. We observed that Z7 could produce indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and siderophores. Hence, Z7 inoculation further enhanced plant growth and salt tolerance in perennial ryegrass. Inoculating Z7 increased K+ and decreased Na+ in plant tissues. Z7 inoculation also enhanced soil quality by reducing soluble salt and increasing available phosphorus. Moreover, inoculating Z7 altered the compositions of bacterial and fungal communities in the rhizosphere soil. For instance, beneficial bacterial genera, such as Flavobacterium, Enterobacter, Agrobacterium, and Burkholderiales were dominantly enriched in Z7-inoculated soil. Interestingly, the relative abundance of these genera showed significantly positive correlations with the fresh weight of perennial ryegrass. Our results demonstrate that Z7 could remarkably promote plant growth and salt tolerance by regulating ion homeostasis in plant tissues and microbial communities in the rhizosphere soil. This study provides a scientific foundation for applying microbes to improve plant growth under extreme salt stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qijia Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; School of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Shilong Cao
- Department of Pratacultural Sciences, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Shujie Liao
- Department of Pratacultural Sciences, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Misganaw Wassie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; School of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Sun
- Jiangxi Engineering and Technology Research Center for Ecological Remediation of Heavy Metal Pollution, Institute of Microbe, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330096, China
| | - Liang Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Yan Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
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Liang J, Gao G, Zhong R, Liu B, Christensen MJ, Ju Y, Zhang W, Li Y, Li C, Zhang X, Nan Z. Effect of Epichloë gansuensis Endophyte on Seed-Borne Microbes and Seed Metabolites in Achnatherum inebrians. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0135022. [PMID: 36786621 PMCID: PMC10100691 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01350-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The seed-borne microbiota and seed metabolites of the grass Achnatherum inebrians, either host to Epichloë gansuensis (endophyte infected [EI]) or endophyte free (EF), were investigated. This study determined the microbial communities both within the seed (endophytic) and on the seed surface (epiphytic) and of the protective glumes by using Illumina sequencing technology. Epichloë gansuensis decreased the richness of the seed-borne microbiota except for the epiphytic fungi of glumes and also decreased the diversity of seed-borne microbiota. In addition, metabolites of seeds and glumes were detected using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Unlike with the seeds of EF plants, the presence of E. gansuensis resulted in significant changes in the content of 108 seed and 31 glume metabolites. A total of 319 significant correlations occurred between seed-borne microbiota and seed metabolites; these correlations comprised 163 (147 bacterial and 16 fungal) positive correlations and 156 (136 bacterial and 20 fungal) negative correlations. Meanwhile, there were 42 significant correlations between glume microbiota and metabolites; these correlations comprised 28 positive (10 bacterial and 18 fungal) and 14 negative (9 bacterial and 5 fungal) correlations. The presence of E. gansuensis endophyte altered the communities and diversities of seed-borne microbes and altered the composition and content of seed metabolites, and there were many close and complex relationships between microbes and metabolites. IMPORTANCE The present study was to investigate seed-borne microbiota and seed metabolites in Achnatherum inebrians using high-throughput sequencing and LC-MS technology. Epichloë gansuensis decreased the richness of the seed-borne microbiota except for the epiphytic fungi of glumes and also decreased the diversity of seed-borne microbiota. Compared with endophyte-free plants, the content of 108 seed and 31 glume metabolites of endophyte-infected plants was significantly changed. There were 319 significant correlations between seed-borne microbiota and seed metabolites and 42 significant correlations between glume microbiota and metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Guoyu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Rui Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bowen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | | | - Yawen Ju
- Huaiyin Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Xuhuai Region in Jiangsu, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wu Zhang
- School of Geographical Science, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yanzhong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chunjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xingxu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhibiao Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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Solanki MK, Solanki AC, Rai S, Srivastava S, Kashyap BK, Divvela PK, Kumar S, Yandigeri MS, Kashyap PL, Shrivastava AK, Ali B, Khan S, Jaremko M, Qureshi KA. Functional interplay between antagonistic bacteria and Rhizoctonia solani in the tomato plant rhizosphere. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:990850. [PMID: 36225362 PMCID: PMC9548980 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.990850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial interactions with plant roots play an imperial role in tomato plant growth and defense against the Rhizoctonia solani. This study performed a field experiment with two antagonistic bacteria (Pseudomonas and Bacillus) inoculated in healthy and Rhizoctonia solani treated soil in tomato rhizosphere to understand the metabolic pattern and microbial function during plant disease suppression. In the present study, we assessed soil and microbial enzymes, bacterial and fungal cell forming unit (CFU), and carbon utilization profiling through Bio-Eco plates of rhizoplane samples. Antagonist bacteria and pathogen interaction significantly (p < 0.05) influenced the bacterial count, soil enzymes (chitinase and glucanase), and bacterial function (siderophore and chitinase production). These results indicated that these variables had an imperial role in disease suppression during plant development. Furthermore, the metabolic profiling showed that carbon source utilization enhanced under fruit development and ripening stages. These results suggested that carbon sources were essential in plant/pathogen/antagonist interaction. Substrates like β-methyl-D-glucoside, D-mannitol, D-galacturonic acid, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, and phenylethylamine strongly connect with the suppuration of root rot disease. These carbon sources may help to propagate a healthy microbial community to reduce the pathogen invasion in the plant root system, and these carbon sources can be stimulators of antagonists against pathogens in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar Solanki
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Plant Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Group, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | | | - Shalini Rai
- Department of Biotechnology, Society of Higher Education and Practical Application (SHEPA), Varanasi, UP, India
| | - Supriya Srivastava
- Department of Health Informatics, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, Qassim University, Al Bukayriyah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Brijendra Kumar Kashyap
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Institute of Engineering and Technology, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi, UP, India
| | | | - Sudheer Kumar
- Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research (ICAR), Karnal, HR, India
| | - Mahesh S. Yandigeri
- National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources (ICAR), Bengaluru, KA, India
- *Correspondence: Mahesh S. Yandigeri,
| | - Prem Lal Kashyap
- Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research (ICAR), Karnal, HR, India
| | | | - Baber Ali
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Khan
- Department of Agriculture, University of Swabi, Swabi, Pakistan
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture Swat, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Smart-Health Initiative (SHI) and Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kamal Ahmad Qureshi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Unaizah, Saudi Arabia
- Kamal Ahmad Qureshi,
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Liu B, Ju Y, Xia C, Zhong R, Christensen MJ, Zhang X, Nan Z. The effect of Epichloë endophyte on phyllosphere microbes and leaf metabolites in Achnatherum inebrians. iScience 2022; 25:104144. [PMID: 35402863 PMCID: PMC8991375 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Upon exposure to the prevailing environment, leaves become increasingly colonized by fungi and bacteria located on the surface (epiphytic) or within (endophytic) the leaves. Many cool season grasses, including Achnatherum inebrians, host a seed-borne, intercellular, mutualistic Epichloë fungal endophyte, the growth of which is synchronized with the host grass. A study utilizing illumina sequencing was used to examine the epiphytic and endophytic microbial communities in Epichloë endophyte-infected and endophyte-free A. inebrians plants growing under hot dry field conditions. The presence of Epichloë endophyte increased the Shannon and decreased Simpson diversity of bacterial and fungal communities. Sphingomonas and Hymenobacter bacteria and Filobasidium and Mycosphaerella fungi were growing largely epiphytically, whereas Methylobacterium, Escherichia-Shigella, and the fungus Blumeria were mostly found within leaves with the location of colonization influenced by the Epichloë endophyte. In addition, leaf metabolites in Epichloë-infected and Epichloë-free leaves were examined using LC/MS. Epichloë was significantly correlated with 132 metabolites. Epichloë altered the composition and diversity of phyllosphere microbial communities 414 detected metabolites were annotated, of which the 132 differential metabolites There were 229 significant correlations between metabolites and microbial phyla
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, People's Republic of China
| | - Yawen Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Xingxu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhibiao Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, People's Republic of China
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Terlizzi NL, Rodríguez MA, Iannone LJ, Lanari E, Novas MV. Epichloë endophyte affects the root colonization pattern of belowground symbionts in a wild grass. FUNGAL ECOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2022.101143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Yang ZH, Xing Y, Ma JG, Li YM, Yang XQ, Wang XB. Epichloë Fungal Endophytes Have More Host-Dependent Effects on the Soil Microenvironment than on the Initial Litter Quality. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8030237. [PMID: 35330239 PMCID: PMC8953515 DOI: 10.3390/jof8030237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal endophytes have been extensively found in most terrestrial plants. This type of plant–microorganism symbiosis generates many benefits for plant growth by promoting nutrient availability, uptake, and resistance to environmental disease or stress. Recent studies have reported that fungal endophytes have a potential impact on plant litter decomposition, but the mechanisms behind its effect are not well understood. We proposed a hypothesis that the impacts of fungal endophytes on litter decomposition are not only due to a shift in the symbiont-induced litter quality but a shift in soil microenvironment. To test this hypothesis, we set-up a field trial by planting three locally dominant grass species (wild barley, drunken horse grass, and perennial ryegrass) with Epichloë endophyte-infected (E+) and -free (E-) status, respectively. The aboveground litter and bulk soil from each plant species were collected. The litter quality and the soil biotic and abiotic parameters were analyzed to identify their changes across E+ and E- status and plant species. While Epichloë endophyte status mainly caused a significant shift in soil microenvironment, plant species had a dominant effect on litter quality. Available nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) as well as soil organic carbon and microbial biomass in most soils with planting E+ plants increased by 17.19%, 14.28%, 23.82%, and 11.54%, respectively, in comparison to soils with planting E- plants. Our results confirm that fungal endophytes have more of an influence on the soil microenvironment than the aboveground litter quality, providing a partial explanation of the home-field advantage of litter decomposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Hui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Z.-H.Y.); (Y.X.); (J.-G.M.); (Y.-M.L.); (X.-Q.Y.)
| | - Ying Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Z.-H.Y.); (Y.X.); (J.-G.M.); (Y.-M.L.); (X.-Q.Y.)
| | - Jian-Guo Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Z.-H.Y.); (Y.X.); (J.-G.M.); (Y.-M.L.); (X.-Q.Y.)
| | - Yu-Man Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Z.-H.Y.); (Y.X.); (J.-G.M.); (Y.-M.L.); (X.-Q.Y.)
| | - Xiao-Qian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Z.-H.Y.); (Y.X.); (J.-G.M.); (Y.-M.L.); (X.-Q.Y.)
| | - Xiao-Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Z.-H.Y.); (Y.X.); (J.-G.M.); (Y.-M.L.); (X.-Q.Y.)
- Erguna Forest-Steppe Ecotone Research Station, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- Correspondence:
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Khairunisa BH, Susanti D, Loganathan U, Teutsch CD, Campbell BT, Fiske D, Wilkinson CA, Aylward FO, Mukhopadhyay B. Dominant remodelling of cattle rumen microbiome by Schedonorus arundinaceus (tall fescue) KY-31 carrying a fungal endophyte. Access Microbiol 2022; 4:000322. [PMID: 35355877 PMCID: PMC8941964 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Tall fescue KY-31 is an important primary forage for beef cattle. It carries a fungal endophyte that produces ergovaline, the main cause of tall fescue toxicosis that leads to major revenue loss for livestock producers. The MaxQ, an engineered cultivar, hosts an ergovaline nonproducing strain of the fungus and consequently is nontoxic. However, it is less attractive economically. It is not known how rumen microbiome processes these two forages towards nutrient generation and ergovaline transformation. We have analysed the rumen microbiome compositions of cattle that grazed MaxQ with an intervening KY-31 grazing period using the 16S rRNA-V4 element as an identifier and found that KY-31 remodelled the microbiome substantially, encompassing both cellulolytic and saccharolytic functions. The effect was not evident at the whole microbiome levels but was identified by analysing the sessile and planktonic fractions separately. A move from MaxQ to KY-31 lowered the Firmicutes abundance in the sessile fraction and increased it in planktonic part and caused an opposite effect for Bacteroidetes, although the total abundances of these dominant rumen organisms remained unchanged. The abundances of Fibrobacter, which degrades less degradable fibres, and certain cellulolytic Firmicutes such as Pseudobutyrivibrio and Butyrivibrio 2, dropped in the sessile fraction, and these losses were apparently compensated by increased occurrences of Eubacterium and specific Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae. A return to MaxQ restored the original Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes distributions. However, several KY-31 induced changes, such as the low abundance of Fibrobacter and Butyrivibrio two remained in place, and their substitutes maintained significant presence. The rumen microbiome was distinct from previously reported faecal microbiomes. In summary, KY-31 and MaxQ were digested in the cattle rumen with distinct consortia and the KY-31-specific features were dominant. The study also identified candidate ergovaline transforming bacteria. It highlighted the importance of analysing sessile and planktonic fractions separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bela Haifa Khairunisa
- Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Computational Biology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Dwi Susanti
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- Present address: Elanco Animal Health, Greenfield, IN, USA
| | - Usha Loganathan
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Christopher D. Teutsch
- Southern Piedmont Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Virginia Tech, Blackstone, VA 23824, USA
- Present address: University of Kentucky Research and Education Center, Princeton, KY, USA
| | - Brian T. Campbell
- Southern Piedmont Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Virginia Tech, Blackstone, VA 23824, USA
- Present address: Archer Daniels Midland Company, Decatur, IL, USA
| | - David Fiske
- Shennandoah Valley Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Virginia Tech, Raphine, VA, 24472, USA
| | - Carol A. Wilkinson
- Southern Piedmont Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Virginia Tech, Blackstone, VA 23824, USA
| | - Frank O. Aylward
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Biswarup Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- *Correspondence: Biswarup Mukhopadhyay,
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Liu J, Wang Z, Chen Z, White JF, Malik K, Chen T, Li C. Inoculation of Barley (Hordeum vulgare) with the Endophyte Epichloë bromicola Affects Plant Growth, and the Microbial Community in Roots and Rhizosphere Soil. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8020172. [PMID: 35205925 PMCID: PMC8876963 DOI: 10.3390/jof8020172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hordeum vulgare is an important source of feed and forage for livestock, and of food and drink for humans, but its utilization rate is lower than that of other cereal crops, thus it is crucial to improve barley agronomic traits and production. Epichloë bromicola is an endophyte that was isolated from wild barley (Hordeum brevisubulatum). Previous studies have found that Epichloë can indirectly influence the growth of host plants by affecting soil chemical characteristics, the microbial community, and by producing a range of secondary metabolites. However, underlying effects of Epichloë on the abundance and diversity of soil and root microbes have not been well-studied. In addition, there is a question regarding the relationship between endophyte-produced alkaloids and effects on the root and rhizosphere microbial communities. The objective of this study was to investigate changes in agronomic traits, nutritional properties, peramine, soil chemical and microbial community in the fourth generation of new barley symbionts EI (E. bromicola-infection) and EF (E. bromicola-free) in LQ+4 and LZ+4. We understand the plant height and biomass of EI in LZ+4 were significantly higher than those of EF. The HPLC analysis showed that the peramine content of EI in LQ+4 and LZ+4 was 0.085 and 0.1 mg/g, respectively. We compared the bacterial and fungal communities by analyzing the 16s rRNA (for bacteria) and ITS rDNA regions (for fungi). Our data revealed that the composition of fungal communities in rhizosphere soil of LZ+4 EI are higher than EF. In addition, the diversity and richness of fungal communities in root and rhizosphere soil of LQ+4 EI and LZ+4 EI are significantly higher than EF. Rhizosphere soil microbial community composition was higher than that in roots in LQ+4 and LZ+4. Peramine was significantly and positively correlated with the richness of the soil fungal community. Moreover, the principal component analysis (PCoA) results indicated that E. bromicola significantly influenced the community composition of root and rhizosphere soil microbes in both LQ+4 and LZ+4. Our results illustrate that E. bromicola can influence barley growth, peramine production and microbial communities associated with barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry (Ministry of Education), Gansu Tech Innovation Centre of Western China Grassland Industry, Centre for Grassland Microbiome, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China; (J.L.); (Z.C.); (K.M.); (T.C.)
| | - Zhengfeng Wang
- Economic Crops and Malt Barley Research Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou 730070, China;
| | - Zhenjiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry (Ministry of Education), Gansu Tech Innovation Centre of Western China Grassland Industry, Centre for Grassland Microbiome, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China; (J.L.); (Z.C.); (K.M.); (T.C.)
| | - James F. White
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA;
| | - Kamran Malik
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry (Ministry of Education), Gansu Tech Innovation Centre of Western China Grassland Industry, Centre for Grassland Microbiome, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China; (J.L.); (Z.C.); (K.M.); (T.C.)
| | - Taixiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry (Ministry of Education), Gansu Tech Innovation Centre of Western China Grassland Industry, Centre for Grassland Microbiome, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China; (J.L.); (Z.C.); (K.M.); (T.C.)
| | - Chunjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry (Ministry of Education), Gansu Tech Innovation Centre of Western China Grassland Industry, Centre for Grassland Microbiome, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China; (J.L.); (Z.C.); (K.M.); (T.C.)
- Grassland Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Chinese Academy of Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
- Correspondence:
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11
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Minás A, García‐Parisi PA, Chludil H, Omacini M. Endophytes shape the legacy left by the above‐ and below‐ground litter of the host affecting the establishment of a legume. Funct Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Minás
- Facultad de Agronomía Departamento de Recursos Naturales y Ambiente IFEVAUniversidad de Buenos AiresCONICET Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Pablo A. García‐Parisi
- Facultad de Agronomía Departamento de Producción Animal IFEVAUniversidad de Buenos AiresCONICET Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Hugo Chludil
- Facultad de Agronomía Departamento de Biología Aplicada y Alimentos Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Marina Omacini
- Facultad de Agronomía Departamento de Recursos Naturales y Ambiente IFEVAUniversidad de Buenos AiresCONICET Buenos Aires Argentina
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12
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Cibils‐Stewart X, Mace WJ, Popay AJ, Lattanzi FA, Hartley S(SE, Hall CR, Powell JR, Johnson SN. Interactions between silicon and alkaloid defences in endophyte‐infected grasses and the consequences for a folivore. Funct Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ximena Cibils‐Stewart
- Hawkesbury Institute for the EnvironmentWestern Sydney University Penrith NSW Australia
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA) Colonia Uruguay
| | - Wade J. Mace
- AgResearch Grasslands Research Centre Palmerston North New Zealand
| | | | | | | | - Casey R. Hall
- Hawkesbury Institute for the EnvironmentWestern Sydney University Penrith NSW Australia
| | - Jeff R. Powell
- Hawkesbury Institute for the EnvironmentWestern Sydney University Penrith NSW Australia
| | - Scott N. Johnson
- Hawkesbury Institute for the EnvironmentWestern Sydney University Penrith NSW Australia
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13
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Lee K, Missaoui A, Mahmud K, Presley H, Lonnee M. Interaction between Grasses and Epichloë Endophytes and Its Significance to Biotic and Abiotic Stress Tolerance and the Rhizosphere. Microorganisms 2021. [PMID: 34835312 DOI: 10.1007/10.3390/microorganisms9112186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cool-season grasses are the most common forage types in livestock operations and amenities. Several of the cool-season grasses establish mutualistic associations with an endophytic fungus of the Epichloë genus. The grasses and endophytic fungi have evolved over a long period of time to form host-fungus specific relationships that confer protection for the grass against various stressors in exchange for housing and nutrients to the fungus. This review provides an overview of the mechanisms by which Epichloë endophytes and grasses interact, including molecular pathways for secondary metabolite production. It also outlines specific mechanisms by which the endophyte helps protect the plant from various abiotic and biotic stressors. Finally, the review provides information on how Epichloë infection of grass and stressors affect the rhizosphere environment of the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendall Lee
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Genomics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Ali Missaoui
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Genomics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Kishan Mahmud
- Center for Applied Genetic Technologies, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Holly Presley
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Genomics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Marin Lonnee
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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14
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Lee K, Missaoui A, Mahmud K, Presley H, Lonnee M. Interaction between Grasses and Epichloë Endophytes and Its Significance to Biotic and Abiotic Stress Tolerance and the Rhizosphere. Microorganisms 2021; 9:2186. [PMID: 34835312 PMCID: PMC8623577 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9112186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cool-season grasses are the most common forage types in livestock operations and amenities. Several of the cool-season grasses establish mutualistic associations with an endophytic fungus of the Epichloë genus. The grasses and endophytic fungi have evolved over a long period of time to form host-fungus specific relationships that confer protection for the grass against various stressors in exchange for housing and nutrients to the fungus. This review provides an overview of the mechanisms by which Epichloë endophytes and grasses interact, including molecular pathways for secondary metabolite production. It also outlines specific mechanisms by which the endophyte helps protect the plant from various abiotic and biotic stressors. Finally, the review provides information on how Epichloë infection of grass and stressors affect the rhizosphere environment of the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendall Lee
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Genomics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (K.L.); (H.P.)
| | - Ali Missaoui
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Genomics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (K.L.); (H.P.)
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA;
| | - Kishan Mahmud
- Center for Applied Genetic Technologies, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA;
| | - Holly Presley
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Genomics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (K.L.); (H.P.)
| | - Marin Lonnee
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA;
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15
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Yang Z, Jin Y, Hou F, Bowatte S. Soil microbial and chemical responses to foliar Epichloë fungal infection in Lolium perenne, Hordeum brevisubulatum and Achnatherum inebrians. FUNGAL ECOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2021.101091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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16
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Influence of Tall Fescue Epichloë Endophytes on Rhizosphere Soil Microbiome. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9091843. [PMID: 34576739 PMCID: PMC8468716 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9091843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) S.J. Darbyshire) often forms a symbiotic relationship with fungal endophytes (Epichloë coenophiala), which provides increased plant performance and greater tolerance to environmental stress compared to endophyte-free tall fescue. Whether this enhanced performance of tall fescue exclusively results from the grass–fungus symbiosis, or this symbiosis additionally results in the recruitment of soil microbes in the rhizosphere that in turn promote plant growth, remain a question. We investigated the soil bacterial and fungal community composition in iron-rich soil in the southeastern USA, and possible community shifts in soil microbial populations based on endophyte infection in tall fescue by analyzing the 16s rRNA gene and ITS specific region. Our data revealed that plant-available phosphorus (P) was significantly (p < 0.05) influenced by endophyte infection in tall fescue. While the prominent soil bacterial phyla were similar, a clear fungal community shift was observed between endophyte-infected (E+) and endophyte-free (E−) tall fescue soil at the phylum level. Moreover, compared to E− soil, E+ soil showed a greater fungal diversity at the genus level. Our results, thus, indicate a possible three-way interaction between tall fescue, fungal endophyte, and soil fungal communities resulting in improved tall fescue performance.
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17
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Perez L, Gundel P, García Parisi P, Moyano J, Fiorenza J, Omacini M, Nuñez M. Can seed-borne endophytes promote grass invasion by reducing host dependence on mycorrhizas? FUNGAL ECOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2021.101077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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18
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Watson M, Bushley K, Seabloom EW, May G. Response of fungal endophyte communities within Andropogon gerardii (Big bluestem) to nutrient addition and herbivore exclusion. FUNGAL ECOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2021.101043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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19
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Patchett A, Newman JA. Comparison of Plant Metabolites in Root Exudates of Lolium perenne Infected with Different Strains of the Fungal Endophyte Epichloë festucae var. lolii. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7020148. [PMID: 33670493 PMCID: PMC7922862 DOI: 10.3390/jof7020148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lolium perenne infected with the fungal endophyte Epichloë festucae var. lolii have specific, endophyte strain-dependent, chemical phenotypes in their above-ground tissues. Differences in these chemical phenotypes have been largely associated with classes of fungal-derived alkaloids which protect the plant against many insect pests. However, the use of new methodologies, such as various omic techniques, has demonstrated that many other chemical changes occur in both primary and secondary metabolites. Few studies have investigated changes in plant metabolites exiting the plant in the form of root exudates. As root exudates play an essential role in the acquisition of nutrients, microbial associations, and defense in the below-ground environment, it is of interest to understand how plant root exudate chemistry is influenced by the presence of strains of a fungal endophyte. In this study, we tested the influence of four strains of E. festucae var. lolii (E+ (also known as Lp19), AR1, AR37, NEA2), and uninfected controls (E-), on L. perenne growth and the composition of root exudate metabolites. Root exudates present in the hydroponic water were assessed by untargeted metabolomics using Accurate-Mass Quadrupole Time-of-Flight (Q-TOF) liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The NEA2 endophyte strain resulted in the greatest plant biomass and the lowest endophyte concentration. We found 84 metabolites that were differentially expressed in at least one of the endophyte treatments compared to E- plants. Two compounds were strongly associated with one endophyte treatment, one in AR37 (m/z 135.0546 RT 1.17), and one in E+ (m/z 517.1987 RT 9.26). These results provide evidence for important changes in L. perenne physiology in the presence of different fungal endophyte strains. Further research should aim to connect changes in root exudate chemical composition with soil ecosystem processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Patchett
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden;
| | - Jonathan A. Newman
- Department of Biology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada
- Correspondence:
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20
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Chen XL, Sun MC, Chong SL, Si JP, Wu LS. Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Approaches Deepen Our Knowledge of Plant-Endophyte Interactions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:700200. [PMID: 35154169 PMCID: PMC8828500 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.700200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In natural systems, plant-symbiont-pathogen interactions play important roles in mitigating abiotic and biotic stresses in plants. Symbionts have their own special recognition ways, but they may share some similar characteristics with pathogens based on studies of model microbes and plants. Multi-omics technologies could be applied to study plant-microbe interactions, especially plant-endophyte interactions. Endophytes are naturally occurring microbes that inhabit plants, but do not cause apparent symptoms in them, and arise as an advantageous source of novel metabolites, agriculturally important promoters, and stress resisters in their host plants. Although biochemical, physiological, and molecular investigations have demonstrated that endophytes confer benefits to their hosts, especially in terms of promoting plant growth, increasing metabolic capabilities, and enhancing stress resistance, plant-endophyte interactions consist of complex mechanisms between the two symbionts. Further knowledge of these mechanisms may be gained by adopting a multi-omics approach. The involved interaction, which can range from colonization to protection against adverse conditions, has been investigated by transcriptomics and metabolomics. This review aims to provide effective means and ways of applying multi-omics studies to solve the current problems in the characterization of plant-microbe interactions, involving recognition and colonization. The obtained results should be useful for identifying the key determinants in such interactions and would also provide a timely theoretical and material basis for the study of interaction mechanisms and their applications.
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21
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Talukder SK, Islam MS, Krom N, Chang J, Saha MC. Drought Responsive Putative Marker-Trait Association in Tall Fescue as Influenced by the Presence of a Novel Endophyte. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:729797. [PMID: 34745162 PMCID: PMC8565914 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.729797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) is one of the most important cool-season perennial obligatory outcrossing forage grasses in the United States. The production and persistence of tall fescue is significantly affected by drought in the south-central United States. Shoot-specific endophyte (Epichloë coenophiala)-infected tall fescue showed superior performance under both biotic and abiotic stress conditions. We performed a genome-wide association analysis using clonal pairs of novel endophyte AR584-positive (EP) and endophyte-free (EF) tall fescue populations consisting of 205 genotypes to identify marker-trait associations (MTAs) that contribute to drought tolerance. The experiment was performed through November 2014 to June 2018 in the field, and phenotypic data were taken on plant height, plant spread, plant vigor, and dry biomass weight under natural summer conditions of sporadic drought. Genotyping-by-sequencing of the population generated 3,597 high quality single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for further analysis. We identified 26 putative drought responsive MTAs (17 specific to EP, eight specific to EF, and one in both EP and EF populations) and nine of them (i.e., V.ep_10, S.ef_12, V.ep_27, HSV.ef_31, S.ep_30, SV.ef_32, V.ep_68, V.ef_56, and H.ef_57) were identified within 0.5 Mb region in the tall fescue genome (44.5-44.7, 75.3-75.8, 77.5-77.9 and 143.7-144.2 Mb). Using 26 MTAs, 11 tall fescue genotypes were selected for subsequent study to develop EP and EF drought tolerant tall fescue populations. Ten orthologous genes (six for EP and four for EF population) were identified in Brachypodium genome as potential candidates for drought tolerance in tall fescue, which were also earlier reported for their involvement in abiotic stress tolerance. The MTAs and candidate genes identified in this study will be useful for marker-assisted selection in improving drought tolerance of tall fescue as well opening avenue for further drought study in tall fescue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyamal K. Talukder
- Grass Genomics, Noble Research Institute LLC, Ardmore, OK, United States
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research Center, Beaumont, TX, United States
| | - Md. Shofiqul Islam
- Grass Genomics, Noble Research Institute LLC, Ardmore, OK, United States
| | - Nick Krom
- Scientific Computing, Noble Research Institute LLC, Ardmore, OK, United States
| | - Junil Chang
- Scientific Computing, Noble Research Institute LLC, Ardmore, OK, United States
| | - Malay C. Saha
- Grass Genomics, Noble Research Institute LLC, Ardmore, OK, United States
- *Correspondence: Malay C. Saha,
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22
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Geddes-McAlister J, Sukumaran A, Patchett A, Hager HA, Dale JCM, Roloson JL, Prudhomme N, Bolton K, Muselius B, Powers J, Newman JA. Examining the Impacts of CO 2 Concentration and Genetic Compatibility on Perennial Ryegrass- Epichloë festucae var lolii Interactions. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:jof6040360. [PMID: 33322591 PMCID: PMC7770580 DOI: 10.3390/jof6040360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) is the most cultivated cool-season grass worldwide with crucial roles in carbon fixation, turfgrass applications, and fodder for livestock. Lolium perenne forms a mutualism with the strictly vertically transmitted fungal endophyte, Epichloë festucae var lolii. The fungus produces alkaloids that protect the grass from herbivory, as well as conferring protection from drought and nutrient stress. The rising concentration of atmospheric CO2, a proximate cause of climatic change, is known to have many direct and indirect effects on plant growth. There is keen interest in how the nature of this plant-fungal interaction will change with climate change. Lolium perenne is an obligately outcrossing species, meaning that the genetic profile of the host is constantly being reshuffled. Meanwhile, the fungus is asexual implying both a relatively constant genetic profile and the potential for incompatible grass-fungus pairings. In this study, we used a single cultivar, "Alto", of L. perenne. Each plant was infected with one of four strains of the endophyte: AR1, AR37, NEA2, and Lp19 (the "common strain"). We outcrossed the Alto mothers with pollen from a number of individuals from different ryegrass cultivars to create more genetic diversity in the hosts. We collected seed such that we had replicate maternal half-sib families. Seed from each family was randomly allocated into the two levels of the CO2 treatment, 400 and 800 ppm. Elevated CO2 resulted in an c. 18% increase in plant biomass. AR37 produced higher fungal concentrations than other strains; NEA2 produced the lowest fungal concentrations. We did not find evidence of genetic incompatibility between the host plants and the fungal strains. We conducted untargeted metabolomics and quantitative proteomics to investigate the grass-fungus interactions between and within family and treatment groups. We identified a number of changes in both the proteome and metabalome. Taken together, our data set provides new understanding into the intricacy of the interaction between endophyte and host from multiple molecular levels and suggests opportunity to promote plant robustness and survivability in rising CO2 environmental conditions through application of bioprotective epichloid strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Geddes-McAlister
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (A.S.); (N.P.); (B.M.)
- Mass Spectrometry Facility—Advanced Analysis Centre, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
- Correspondence: (J.G.-M.); (J.A.N.)
| | - Arjun Sukumaran
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (A.S.); (N.P.); (B.M.)
| | - Aurora Patchett
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (A.P.); (H.A.H.); (J.C.M.D.); (J.L.R.); (K.B.); (J.P.)
| | - Heather A. Hager
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (A.P.); (H.A.H.); (J.C.M.D.); (J.L.R.); (K.B.); (J.P.)
| | - Jenna C. M. Dale
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (A.P.); (H.A.H.); (J.C.M.D.); (J.L.R.); (K.B.); (J.P.)
| | - Jennifer L. Roloson
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (A.P.); (H.A.H.); (J.C.M.D.); (J.L.R.); (K.B.); (J.P.)
| | - Nicholas Prudhomme
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (A.S.); (N.P.); (B.M.)
| | - Kim Bolton
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (A.P.); (H.A.H.); (J.C.M.D.); (J.L.R.); (K.B.); (J.P.)
| | - Benjamin Muselius
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (A.S.); (N.P.); (B.M.)
| | - Jacqueline Powers
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (A.P.); (H.A.H.); (J.C.M.D.); (J.L.R.); (K.B.); (J.P.)
| | - Jonathan A. Newman
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (A.P.); (H.A.H.); (J.C.M.D.); (J.L.R.); (K.B.); (J.P.)
- Correspondence: (J.G.-M.); (J.A.N.)
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Achary VMM, Sheri V, Manna M, Panditi V, Borphukan B, Ram B, Agarwal A, Fartyal D, Teotia D, Masakapalli SK, Agrawal PK, Reddy MK. Overexpression of improved EPSPS gene results in field level glyphosate tolerance and higher grain yield in rice. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2020; 18:2504-2519. [PMID: 32516520 PMCID: PMC7680544 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate is a popular, systemic, broad-spectrum herbicide used in modern agriculture. Being a structural analog of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), it inhibits 5-enolpyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) which is responsible for the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids and various aromatic secondary metabolites. Taking a lead from glyphosate-resistant weeds, two mutant variants of the rice EPSPS gene were developed by amino acid substitution (T173I + P177S; TIPS-OsEPSPS and G172A + T173I + P177S; GATIPS-OsEPSPS). These mutated EPSPS genes were overexpressed in rice under the control of either native EPSPS or constitutive promoters (maize ubiquitin [ZmUbi] promoter). The overexpression of TIPS-OsEPSPS under the control of the ZmUbi promoter resulted in higher tolerance to glyphosate (up to threefold of the recommended dose) without affecting the fitness and related agronomic traits of plants in both controlled and field conditions. Furthermore, such rice lines produced 17%-19% more grains compared to the wild type (WT) in the absence of glyphosate application and the phenylalanine and tryptophan contents in the transgenic seeds were found to be significantly higher in comparison with WT seeds. Our results also revealed that the native promoter guided expression of modified EPSPS genes did not significantly improve the glyphosate tolerance. The present study describing the introduction of a crop-specific TIPS mutation in class I aroA gene of rice and its overexpression have potential to substantially improve the yield and field level glyphosate tolerance in rice. This is the first report to observe that the EPSPS has role to play in improving grain yield of rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Mohan Murali Achary
- Crop Improvement GroupInternational Centre for Genetic Engineering and BiotechnologyNew DelhiIndia
| | - Vijay Sheri
- Crop Improvement GroupInternational Centre for Genetic Engineering and BiotechnologyNew DelhiIndia
| | - Mrinalini Manna
- Crop Improvement GroupInternational Centre for Genetic Engineering and BiotechnologyNew DelhiIndia
| | - Varakumar Panditi
- Crop Improvement GroupInternational Centre for Genetic Engineering and BiotechnologyNew DelhiIndia
| | - Bhabesh Borphukan
- Crop Improvement GroupInternational Centre for Genetic Engineering and BiotechnologyNew DelhiIndia
| | - Babu Ram
- Crop Improvement GroupInternational Centre for Genetic Engineering and BiotechnologyNew DelhiIndia
| | - Aakrati Agarwal
- Crop Improvement GroupInternational Centre for Genetic Engineering and BiotechnologyNew DelhiIndia
| | - Dhirendra Fartyal
- Crop Improvement GroupInternational Centre for Genetic Engineering and BiotechnologyNew DelhiIndia
| | - Deepa Teotia
- Crop Improvement GroupInternational Centre for Genetic Engineering and BiotechnologyNew DelhiIndia
| | | | | | - Malireddy K. Reddy
- Crop Improvement GroupInternational Centre for Genetic Engineering and BiotechnologyNew DelhiIndia
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Mote RS, Filipov NM. Use of Integrative Interactomics for Improvement of Farm Animal Health and Welfare: An Example with Fescue Toxicosis. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12100633. [PMID: 33019560 PMCID: PMC7600642 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12100633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid scientific advances are increasing our understanding of the way complex biological interactions integrate to maintain homeostatic balance and how seemingly small, localized perturbations can lead to systemic effects. The ‘omics movement, alongside increased throughput resulting from statistical and computational advances, has transformed our understanding of disease mechanisms and the multi-dimensional interaction between environmental stressors and host physiology through data integration into multi-dimensional analyses, i.e., integrative interactomics. This review focuses on the use of high-throughput technologies in farm animal research, including health- and toxicology-related papers. Although limited, we highlight recent animal agriculture-centered reports from the integrative multi-‘omics movement. We provide an example with fescue toxicosis, an economically costly disease affecting grazing livestock, and describe how integrative interactomics can be applied to a disease with a complex pathophysiology in the pursuit of novel treatment and management approaches. We outline how ‘omics techniques have been used thus far to understand fescue toxicosis pathophysiology, lay out a framework for the fescue toxicosis integrome, identify some challenges we foresee, and offer possible means for addressing these challenges. Finally, we briefly discuss how the example with fescue toxicosis could be used for other agriculturally important animal health and welfare problems.
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Pérez LI, Gundel PE, Zabalgogeazcoa I, Omacini M. An ecological framework for understanding the roles of Epichloë endophytes on plant defenses against fungal diseases. FUNGAL BIOL REV 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbr.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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26
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Vignale MV, Iannone LJ, Novas MV. Epichloë endophytes of a wild grass promote mycorrhizal colonization of neighbor grasses. FUNGAL ECOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2020.100916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Ju Y, Zhong R, Christensen MJ, Zhang X. Effects of Epichloë gansuensis Endophyte on the Root and Rhizosphere Soil Bacteria of Achnatherum inebrians Under Different Moisture Conditions. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:747. [PMID: 32362891 PMCID: PMC7181407 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to explore effects of the systemic fungal endophyte Epichloë gansuensis on root and rhizosphere soil bacterial diversity of Achnatherum inebrians host plants growing under different moisture conditions. Soil properties of different treatments were compared using standard techniques. A total of 4371379 16S rRNA gene sequences were obtained and assigned to 5025 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). These OTUs in roots and rhizosphere soil were divided into 13 and 17 phyla, respectively, and the Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria were the most abundant phyla both in roots and rhizosphere soil. Shannon diversity and Chao1 richness index of bacteria in rhizosphere soil was significantly higher than in roots. E. gansuensis decreased the Shannon diversity of the root-associated bacterial community, and increased Shannon diversity and Chao1 richness index of the rhizosphere soil bacterial community of A. inebrians. Meanwhile, Chao1 richness of the rhizosphere soil bacterial community of A. inebrians significantly increased with the increase of the soil moisture level. Structural equation modeling also emphasized that E. gansuensis decreased the diversity of the root-associated bacterial community and increased the diversity of the rhizosphere soil bacterial community through decreasing soil available N. Additionally, soil moisture increased the diversity of the rhizosphere soil bacterial community through increased soil pH, C/N, and NN, and decreased soil AP. The E. gansuensis endophyte and soil moisture effects on root and rhizosphere soil bacterial diversity were likely to be from responses to modifications of the rhizosphere soil properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Rui Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | | | - Xingxu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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28
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Mote RS, Hill NS, Skarlupka JH, Tran VT, Walker DI, Turner ZB, Sanders ZP, Jones DP, Suen G, Filipov NM. Toxic tall fescue grazing increases susceptibility of the Angus steer fecal microbiota and plasma/urine metabolome to environmental effects. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2497. [PMID: 32051515 PMCID: PMC7016188 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59104-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired thermoregulation and lowered average daily gains (ADG) result when livestock graze toxic endophyte (Epichloë coenophialum)-infected tall fescue (E+) and are hallmark signs of fescue toxicosis (FT), a disease exacerbated by increased temperature and humidity (+temperature-humidity index; +THI). We previously reported FT is associated with metabolic and microbiota perturbations under thermoneutral conditions; here, we assessed the influence of E+ grazing and +THI on the microbiota:metabolome interactions. Using high-resolution metabolomics and 16S rRNA gene sequencing, plasma/urine metabolomes and the fecal microbiota of Angus steers grazing non-toxic or E+ tall fescue were evaluated in the context of +THI. E+ grazing affected the fecal microbiota profile; +THI conditions modulated the microbiota only in E+ steers. E+ also perturbed many metabolic pathways, namely amino acid and inflammation-related metabolism; +THI affected these pathways only in E+ steers. Integrative analyses revealed the E+ microbiota correlated and co-varied with the metabolomes in a THI-dependent manner. Operational taxonomic units in the families Peptococcaceae, Clostridiaceae, and Ruminococcaceae correlated with production parameters (e.g., ADG) and with multiple plasma/urine metabolic features, providing putative FT biomarkers and/or targets for the development of FT therapeutics. Overall, this study suggests that E+ grazing increases Angus steer susceptibility to +THI, and offers possible targets for FT interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan S Mote
- Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Nicholas S Hill
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Joseph H Skarlupka
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - ViLinh T Tran
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Douglas I Walker
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Zachary B Turner
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Zachary P Sanders
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Dean P Jones
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Garret Suen
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Nikolay M Filipov
- Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
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Wong JWH, Plett KL, Natera SHA, Roessner U, Anderson IC, Plett JM. Comparative metabolomics implicates threitol as a fungal signal supporting colonization of Armillaria luteobubalina on eucalypt roots. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2020; 43:374-386. [PMID: 31797388 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Armillaria root rot is a fungal disease that affects a wide range of trees and crops around the world. Despite being a widespread disease, little is known about the plant molecular responses towards the pathogenic fungi at the early phase of their interaction. With recent research highlighting the vital roles of metabolites in plant root-microbe interactions, we sought to explore the presymbiotic metabolite responses of Eucalyptus grandis seedlings towards Armillaria luteobuablina, a necrotrophic pathogen native to Australia. Using a metabolite profiling approach, we have identified threitol as one of the key metabolite responses in E. grandis root tips specific to A. luteobubalina that were not induced by three other species of soil-borne microbes of different lifestyle strategies (a mutualist, a commensalist, and a hemi-biotrophic pathogen). Using isotope labelling, threitol detected in the Armillaria-treated root tips was found to be largely derived from the fungal pathogen. Exogenous application of d-threitol promoted microbial colonization of E. grandis and triggered hormonal responses in root cells. Together, our results support a role of threitol as an important metabolite signal during eucalypt-Armillaria interaction prior to infection thus advancing our mechanistic understanding on the earliest stage of Armillaria disease development. Comparative metabolomics of eucalypt roots interacting with a range of fungal lifestyles identified threitol enrichment as a specific characteristic of Armillaria pathogenesis. Our findings suggest that threitol acts as one of the earliest fungal signals promoting Armillaria colonization of roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna W-H Wong
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, Sydney, Australia
| | - Krista L Plett
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, Sydney, Australia
| | - Siria H A Natera
- Metabolomics Australia, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ute Roessner
- Metabolomics Australia, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ian C Anderson
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jonathan M Plett
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, Sydney, Australia
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Meyer SLF, Patchett BJ, Gillanders TJ, Kantor MR, Timper P, MacDonald MH. Festulolium and fungal endophyte associations: host status for Meloidogyne incognita and nematotoxic plant extracts. J Nematol 2020; 52:1-16. [PMID: 32722901 PMCID: PMC8015357 DOI: 10.21307/jofnem-2020-076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Festulolium hybrids are forage grasses used worldwide in temperate climates. They are associated with the fungal endophyte Epichloë uncinata, which aids in nutrient uptake, drought tolerance, and production of metabolites that protect against parasites and herbivores. Epichloë uncinata produces loline alkaloids, which can deter insect pests. Festulolium has not been widely studied for susceptibility to plant-parasitic nematodes, so Festulolium lines, with and without fungal endophytes, were tested in the greenhouse for host status to the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. All were poor hosts, regardless of line or endophyte status. Pepper seedlings planted into soil following removal of the Festulolium plants were infected by nematodes, likely because of surviving nematodes from the original inoculation combined with some reproduction on Festulolium. Lolines were found in shoots and roots of all endophyte-associated lines, and some types of lolines in roots increased after nematode infection. Methanolic extracts from roots and shoots of a tested Festulolium line did not inhibit egg hatch, but killed nearly a third of second-stage juveniles whether an endophyte was present or not. Further studies would indicate whether these Festulolium lines aid in suppressing field populations of M. incognita. Festulolium hybrids are forage grasses used worldwide in temperate climates. They are associated with the fungal endophyte Epichloë uncinata, which aids in nutrient uptake, drought tolerance, and production of metabolites that protect against parasites and herbivores. Epichloë uncinata produces loline alkaloids, which can deter insect pests. Festulolium has not been widely studied for susceptibility to plant-parasitic nematodes, so Festulolium lines, with and without fungal endophytes, were tested in the greenhouse for host status to the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. All were poor hosts, regardless of line or endophyte status. Pepper seedlings planted into soil following removal of the Festulolium plants were infected by nematodes, likely because of surviving nematodes from the original inoculation combined with some reproduction on Festulolium. Lolines were found in shoots and roots of all endophyte-associated lines, and some types of lolines in roots increased after nematode infection. Methanolic extracts from roots and shoots of a tested Festulolium line did not inhibit egg hatch, but killed nearly a third of second-stage juveniles whether an endophyte was present or not. Further studies would indicate whether these Festulolium lines aid in suppressing field populations of M. incognita.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan L F Meyer
- USDA ARS Mycology and Nematology Genetic Diversity and Biology Laboratory , Northeast Area , Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center (BARC)-West , Beltsville, MD, 20705
| | - Brian J Patchett
- Cropmark Seeds Ltd , 49 Manion Road , RD7 Christchurch, 7677 , New Zealand
| | | | - Mihail R Kantor
- USDA ARS Mycology and Nematology Genetic Diversity and Biology Laboratory , Northeast Area , Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center (BARC)-West , Beltsville, MD, 20705
| | - Patricia Timper
- USDA ARS Crop Protection and Management Research Unit , Southeast Area , Tifton, GA 31793
| | - Margaret H MacDonald
- USDA ARS Mycology and Nematology Genetic Diversity and Biology Laboratory , Northeast Area , Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center (BARC)-West , Beltsville, MD, 20705
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Slaughter LC, Nelson JA, Carlisle AE, Bourguignon M, Dinkins RD, Phillips TD, McCulley RL. Tall Fescue and E. coenophiala Genetics Influence Root-Associated Soil Fungi in a Temperate Grassland. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2380. [PMID: 31749767 PMCID: PMC6843077 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A constitutive, host-specific symbiosis exists between the aboveground fungal endophyte Epichloë coenophiala (Morgan-Jones & W. Gams) and the cool-season grass tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) Darbysh.), which is a common forage grass in the United States, Australia, New Zealand, and temperate European grasslands. New cultivars of tall fescue are continually developed to improve pasture productivity and animal health by manipulating both grass and E. coenophiala genetics, yet how these selected grass-endophyte combinations impact other microbial symbionts such as mycorrhizal and dark septate fungi remains unclear. Without better characterizing how genetically distinct grass-endophyte combinations interact with belowground microorganisms, we cannot determine how adoption of new E. coenophiala-symbiotic cultivars in pasture systems will influence long-term soil characteristics and ecosystem function. Here, we examined how E. coenophiala presence and host × endophyte genetic combinations control root colonization by belowground symbiotic fungi and associated plant nutrient concentrations and soil properties in a 2-year manipulative field experiment. We used four vegetative clone pairs of tall fescue that consisted of one endophyte-free (E-) and one E. coenophiala-symbiotic (E+) clone each, where E+ clones within each pair contained one of four endophyte genotypes: CTE14, CTE45, NTE16, or NTE19. After 2 years of growth in field plots, we measured root colonization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and dark septate endophytes (DSE), extraradical AMF hyphae in soil, total C, N, and P in root and shoot samples, as well as C and N in associated soils. Although we observed no effects of E. coenophiala presence or symbiotic genotype on total AMF or DSE colonization rates in roots, different grass-endophyte combinations altered AMF arbuscule presence and extraradical hyphal length in soil. The CTE45 genotype hosted the fewest AMF arbuscules regardless of endophyte presence, and E+ clones within NTE19 supported significantly greater soil extraradical hyphae compared to E- clones. Because AMF are often associated with improved soil physical characteristics and C sequestration, our results suggest that development and use of unique grass-endophyte combinations may cause divergent effects on long-term ecosystem properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey C. Slaughter
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Jim A. Nelson
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - A. Elizabeth Carlisle
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Marie Bourguignon
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Randy D. Dinkins
- USDA–ARS, Forage-Animal Production Research Unit, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Timothy D. Phillips
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Rebecca L. McCulley
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
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Beule L, Chen KH, Hsu CM, Mackowiak C, Dubeux Jr. JC, Blount A, Liao HL. Soil bacterial and fungal communities of six bahiagrass cultivars. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7014. [PMID: 31179193 PMCID: PMC6545100 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cultivars of bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flüggé) are widely used for pasture in the Southeastern USA. Soil microbial communities are unexplored in bahiagrass and they may be cultivar-dependent, as previously proven for other grass species. Understanding the influence of cultivar selection on soil microbial communities is crucial as microbiome taxa have repeatedly been shown to be directly linked to plant performance. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine whether different bahiagrass cultivars interactively influence soil bacterial and fungal communities. METHODS Six bahiagrass cultivars ('Argentine', 'Pensacola', 'Sand Mountain', 'Tifton 9', 'TifQuik', and 'UF-Riata') were grown in a randomized complete block design with four replicate plots of 4.6 × 1.8 m per cultivar in a Rhodic Kandiudults soil in Northwest Florida, USA. Three soil subsamples per replicate plot were randomly collected. Soil DNA was extracted and bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA and fungal ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 genes were amplified and sequenced with one Illumina Miseq Nano. RESULTS The soil bacterial and fungal community across bahiagrass cultivars showed similarities with communities recovered from other grassland ecosystems. Few differences in community composition and diversity of soil bacteria among cultivars were detected; none were detected for soil fungi. The relative abundance of sequences assigned to nitrite-oxidizing Nitrospira was greater under 'Sand Mountain' than 'UF-Riata'. Indicator species analysis revealed that several bacterial and fungal indicators associated with either a single cultivar or a combination of cultivars are likely to be plant pathogens or antagonists. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest a low impact of plant cultivar choice on the soil bacterial community composition, whereas the soil fungal community was unaffected. Shifts in the relative abundance of Nitrospira members in response to cultivar choice may have implications for soil N dynamics. The cultivars associated with presumptive plant pathogens or antagonists indicates that the ability of bahiagrass to control plant pathogens may be cultivar-dependent, however, physiological studies on plant-microbe interactions are required to confirm this presumption. We therefore suggest that future studies should explore the potential of different bahiagrass cultivars on plant pathogen control, particularly in sod-based crop rotation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Beule
- Molecular Phytopathology and Mycotoxin Research, Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Goettingen, Germany
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Quincy, FL, United States of America
| | - Ko-Hsuan Chen
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Quincy, FL, United States of America
| | - Chih-Ming Hsu
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Quincy, FL, United States of America
| | - Cheryl Mackowiak
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Quincy, FL, United States of America
| | - Jose C.B. Dubeux Jr.
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Marianna, FL, United States of America
| | - Ann Blount
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Quincy, FL, United States of America
| | - Hui-Ling Liao
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Quincy, FL, United States of America
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Wong JWH, Lutz A, Natera S, Wang M, Ng V, Grigoriev I, Martin F, Roessner U, Anderson IC, Plett JM. The Influence of Contrasting Microbial Lifestyles on the Pre-symbiotic Metabolite Responses of Eucalyptus grandis Roots. Front Ecol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2019.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Leisso R, Rudell D, Mazzola M. Targeted Metabolic Profiling Indicates Apple Rootstock Genotype-Specific Differences in Primary and Secondary Metabolite Production and Validate Quantitative Contribution From Vegetative Growth. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1336. [PMID: 30298076 PMCID: PMC6160592 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Previous reports regarding rhizodeposits from apple roots are limited, and complicated by microbes, which readily colonize root systems and contribute to modify rhizodeposit metabolite composition. This study delineates methods for collection of apple rhizodeposits under axenic conditions, indicates rootstock genotype-specific differences and validates the contributions of vegetative activity to rhizodeposit quantity. Primary and phenolic rhizodeposit metabolites collected from two apple rootstock genotypes, G935 and M26, were delineated 2 months after root initiation by utilizing gas chromatography/liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/LC-MS), respectively. Twenty-one identified phenolic compounds and 29 sugars, organic acids, and amino acids, as well as compounds tentatively identified as triterpenoids were present in the rhizodeposits. When adjusted for whole plant mass, hexose, erythrose, galactose, phloridzin, kaempferol-3-glucoside, as well as glycerol, and glyceric acid differed between the genotypes. Phloridzin, phloretin, epicatechin, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, and chlorogenic acid were among the phenolic compounds found in higher relative concentration in rhizodeposits, as assessed by LC-MS. Among primary metabolites assessed by GC-MS, amino acids, organic acids, and sugar alcohols found in relatively higher concentration in the rhizodeposits included L-asparagine, L-cysteine, malic acid, succinic acid, and sorbitol. In addition, putative ursane triterprenoids, identified based on accurate mass comparison to previously reported triterpenoids from apple peel, were present in rhizodeposits in high abundance relative to phenolic compounds assessed via the same extraction/instrumental method. Validation of metabolite production to tree vegetative activity was conducted using a separate set of micropropagated trees (genotype MM106) which were treated with a toxic volatile compound (butyrolactone) to inhibit activity/kill leaves and vegetative growth. This treatment resulted in a reduction of total collected rhizodeposits relative to an untreated control, indicating active vegetative growth contributes to rhizodeposit metabolites. Culture-based assays indicated an absence of bacterial or fungal endophytes in roots of micropropagated G935 and M26 plants. However, the use of fungi-specific primers in qPCR indicated the presence of fungal DNA in 30% of the samples, thus the contribution of endophytes to rhizodeposits cannot be fully eliminated. This study provides fundamental information for continued research and application of rhizosphere ecology driven by apple rootstock genotype specific rhizodeposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Leisso
- Montana State University Western Agriculture Research Center, Corvallis, MT, United States
| | - Dave Rudell
- Physiology and Pathology of Tree Fruits Research, Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Wenatchee, WA, United States
| | - Mark Mazzola
- Physiology and Pathology of Tree Fruits Research, Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Wenatchee, WA, United States
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Effects of Epichloë gansuensis on root-associated fungal communities of Achnatherum inebrians under different growth conditions. FUNGAL ECOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Slaughter LC, Nelson JA, Carlisle E, Bourguignon M, Dinkins RD, Phillips TD, McCulley RL. Climate change and Epichloë coenophiala association modify belowground fungal symbioses of tall fescue host. FUNGAL ECOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Bell-Dereske L, Takacs-Vesbach C, Kivlin SN, Emery SM, Rudgers JA. Leaf endophytic fungus interacts with precipitation to alter belowground microbial communities in primary successional dunes. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2017; 93:3071445. [PMID: 28334408 PMCID: PMC5827620 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fix036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding interactions between above- and belowground components of ecosystems is an important next step in community ecology. These interactions may be fundamental to predicting ecological responses to global change because indirect effects occurring through altered species interactions can outweigh or interact with the direct effects of environmental drivers. In a multiyear field experiment (2010-2015), we tested how experimental addition of a mutualistic leaf endophyte (Epichloë amarillans) associated with American beachgrass (Ammophila breviligulata) interacted with an altered precipitation regime (±30%) to affect the belowground microbial community. Epichloë addition increased host root biomass at the plot scale, but reduced the length of extraradical arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal hyphae in the soil. Under ambient precipitation alone, the addition of Epichloë increased root biomass per aboveground tiller and reduced the diversity of AM fungi in A. breviligulata roots. Furthermore, with Epichloë added, the diversity of root-associated bacteria declined with higher soil moisture, whereas in its absence, bacterial diversity increased with higher soil moisture. Thus, the aboveground fungal mutualist not only altered the abundance and composition of belowground microbial communities but also affected how belowground communities responded to climate, suggesting that aboveground microbes have potential for cascading influences on community dynamics and ecosystem processes that occur belowground.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Bell-Dereske
- Department of Biology, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | | | - Stephanie N. Kivlin
- Department of Biology, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Sarah M. Emery
- Department of Biology, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Jennifer A. Rudgers
- Department of Biology, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
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Proteomics provides insights into biological pathways altered by plant growth promoting bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhiza in sorghum grown in marginal soil. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2016; 1865:243-251. [PMID: 27913282 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2016.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Sorghum is an economically important crop, a model system for gene discovery and a biofuel source. Sorghum seedlings were subjected to three microbial treatments, plant growth promoting bacteria (B), arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi mix with two Glomus species (G. aggregatum and G. etunicatum), Funelliformis mosseae and Rhizophagus irregularis (My), and B and My combined (My+B). Proteomic analysis was conducted followed by integration with metabolite, plant biomass and nutrient data. Out of 366 differentially expressed proteins in sorghum roots, 44 upregulated proteins overlapping among three treatment groups showed positive correlation with sorghum biomass or element uptake or both. Proteins upregulated only in B group include asparagine synthetase which showed negative correlation with biomass and uptake of elements. Phosphoribosyl amino imidazole succinocarboxamide protein with more than 50-fold change in My and My+B groups correlated positively with Ca, Cu, S and sucrose levels in roots. The B group showed the highest number of upregulated proteins among the three groups with negative correlation with sorghum biomass and element uptake. KEGG pathway analysis identified carbon fixation as the unique pathway associated with common upregulated proteins while biosynthesis of amino acids and fatty acid degradation were associated with common downregulated proteins. Protein-protein interaction analysis using STRING identified a major network with thirteen downregulated proteins. These findings suggest that plant-growth-promoting-bacteria alone or in combination with mycorrhiza enhanced radical scavenging system and increased levels of specific proteins thereby shifting the metabolism towards synthesis of carbohydrates resulting in sorghum biomass increase and uptake of nutrients.
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Bell‐Dereske L, Gao X, Masiello CA, Sinsabaugh RL, Emery SM, Rudgers JA. Plant–fungal symbiosis affects litter decomposition during primary succession. OIKOS 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.03648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Bell‐Dereske
- Dept of Biology, MSC03‐2020 Univ. of New Mexico Albuquerque NM 87131‐0001 USA
| | - Xiaodong Gao
- Dept of Earth Science Rice Univ. Houston TX 77005 USA
| | | | | | - Sarah M. Emery
- Dept of Biology Univ. of Louisville Louisville KY 40292 USA
| | - Jennifer A. Rudgers
- Dept of Biology, MSC03‐2020 Univ. of New Mexico Albuquerque NM 87131‐0001 USA
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Slaughter LC, McCulley RL. Aboveground Epichloë coenophiala-Grass Associations Do Not Affect Belowground Fungal Symbionts or Associated Plant, Soil Parameters. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2016; 72:682-691. [PMID: 27502203 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-016-0828-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cool season grasses host multiple fungal symbionts, such as aboveground Epichloë endophytes and belowground arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and dark septate endophytes (DSEs). Asexual Epichloë endophytes can influence root colonization by AMF, but the type of interaction-whether antagonistic or beneficial-varies. In Schedonorus arundinaceus (tall fescue), Epichloë coenophiala can negatively affect AMF, which may impact soil properties and ecosystem function. Within field plots of S. arundinaceus that were either E. coenophiala-free (E-), infected with the common, mammal-toxic E. coenophiala strain (CTE+), or infected with one of two novel, non-toxic strains (AR542 NTE+ and AR584 NTE+), we hypothesized that (1) CTE+ would decrease AMF and DSE colonization rates and reduce soil extraradical AMF hyphae compared to E- or NTE+, and (2) this would lead to E- and NTE+ plots having greater water stable soil aggregates and C than CTE+. E. coenophiala presence and strain did not significantly alter AMF or DSE colonization, nor did it affect extraradical AMF hypha length, soil aggregates, or aggregate-associated C and N. Soil extraradical AMF hypha length negatively correlated with root AMF colonization. Our results contrast with previous demonstrations that E. coenophiala symbiosis inhibits belowground AMF communities. In our mesic, relatively nutrient-rich grassland, E. coenophiala symbiosis did not antagonize belowground symbionts, regardless of strain. Manipulating E. coenophiala strains within S. arundinaceus may not significantly alter AMF communities and nutrient cycling, yet we must further explore these relationships under different soils and environmental conditions given that symbiont interactions can be important in determining ecosystem response to global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey C Slaughter
- N-222N Agricultural Science Center North, Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, 1100 South Limestone, Lexington, KY, 40546-0091, USA.
| | - Rebecca L McCulley
- N-222N Agricultural Science Center North, Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, 1100 South Limestone, Lexington, KY, 40546-0091, USA
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Zhou W, Starr JL, Krumm JL, Sword GA. The fungal endophyteChaetomium globosumnegatively affects both above- and belowground herbivores in cotton. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2016; 92:fiw158. [DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiw158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
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Rojas X, Guo J, Leff JW, McNear DH, Fierer N, McCulley RL. Infection with a Shoot-Specific Fungal Endophyte (Epichloë) Alters Tall Fescue Soil Microbial Communities. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2016; 72:197-206. [PMID: 26992401 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-016-0750-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Tall fescue (Schedonorus arundinaceus) is a widespread grass that can form a symbiotic relationship with a shoot-specific fungal endophyte (Epichloë coenophiala). While the effects of fungal endophyte infection on fescue physiology and ecology have been relatively well studied, less attention has been given to how this relationship may impact the soil microbial community. We used high-throughput DNA sequencing and phospholipid fatty acid analysis to determine the structure and biomass of microbial communities in both bulk and rhizosphere soils from tall fescue stands that were either uninfected with E. coenophiala or were infected with the common toxic strain or one of several novel strains of the endophyte. We found that rhizosphere and bulk soils harbored distinct microbial communities. Endophyte presence, regardless of strain, significantly influenced soil fungal communities, but endophyte effects were less pronounced in prokaryotic communities. E. coenophiala presence did not change total fungal biomass but caused a shift in soil and rhizosphere fungal community composition, increasing the relative abundance of taxa within the Glomeromycota phylum and decreasing the relative abundance of genera in the Ascomycota phylum, including Lecanicillium, Volutella, Lipomyces, Pochonia, and Rhizoctonia. Our data suggests that tripartite interactions exist between the shoot endophyte E. coenophiala, tall fescue, and soil fungi that may have important implications for the functioning of soils, such as carbon storage, in fescue-dominated grasslands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Rojas
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Jingqi Guo
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Soil and Crop Nutrient Management, Texas AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Beaumont, TX, USA
| | - Jonathan W Leff
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - David H McNear
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Noah Fierer
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Rebecca L McCulley
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
- N-222D Ag Science North, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546-0091, USA.
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Dhawi F, Datta R, Ramakrishna W. Mycorrhiza and PGPB modulate maize biomass, nutrient uptake and metabolic pathways in maize grown in mining-impacted soil. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2015; 97:390-9. [PMID: 26546782 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2015.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stress factors including poor nutrient content and heavy metal contamination in soil, can limit plant growth and productivity. The main goal of our study was to evaluate element uptake, biomass and metabolic responses in maize roots growing in mining-impacted soil with the combination of arbuscular mycorrhiza (My) and plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB/B). Maize plants subjected to PGPB, My and combined treatments showed a significant increase in biomass and uptake of some elements in shoot and root. Metabolite analysis identified 110 compounds that were affected ≥2-fold compared to control, with 69 metabolites upregulated in the My group, 53 metabolites in the My+B group and 47 metabolites in B group. Pathway analysis showed that impact on glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism was common between My and My+B groups, whereas PGPB group showed a unique effect on fatty acid biosynthesis with significant increase in palmitic acid and stearic acid. Differential regulation of some metabolites by mycorrhizal treatment correlated with root biomass while PGPB regulated metabolites correlated with biomass increase in shoot. Overall, the combination of rhizospheric microorganisms used in our study significantly increased maize nutrient uptake and growth relative to control. The changes in metabolic pathways identified during the symbiotic interaction will improve our understanding of mechanisms involved in rhizospheric interactions that are responsible for increased growth and nutrient uptake in crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faten Dhawi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA; Biotechnology Department, King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rupali Datta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA.
| | - Wusirika Ramakrishna
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA.
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