1
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Tada Y, Kochiya R, Toyoizumi M, Takano Y. Salt tolerance and regulation of Na +, K +, and proline contents in different wild turfgrasses under salt stress. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY (TOKYO, JAPAN) 2023; 40:301-309. [PMID: 38434114 PMCID: PMC10904837 DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.23.0721a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Turfgrasses show a wide range of salinity tolerance. In this study, twenty wild turfgrasses were collected from coastal regions in Japan, and their species; evolutionary lineage; salt tolerance levels; shoot and root K+, Na+, and proline contents; and amounts of ions secreted from their salt glands were determined. Among them, eighteen turfgrass species were determined based on the internal transcribed spacer 1 sequences. All collected wild turfgrasses were identified as halophytes and were divided into two salt-tolerant levels. They maintained the shoot relative water contents and suppressed excess Na+ accumulation in their shoots and roots and K+ content homeostasis compared with rice, resulting in the maintenance of a higher K+/Na+ ratio under salt stress. These characteristics must be part of the salt tolerance mechanisms. Among the four turfgrasses with salt glands, three selectively secreted Na+ from their salt glands; however, interestingly, one secreted K+ over Na+, although it still maintained a K+/Na+ ratio comparable to that of the other turfgrasses. A significant amount of proline synthesis was observed in most of the turfgrasses in response to salt stress, and the proline content was highly correlated with the salt tolerance, suggesting its key role in the salt tolerance mechanisms. These wild turfgrasses with such diverse ion control mechanisms and proline synthesis profiles are useful materials for investigating the salt tolerant mechanisms and breeding salt tolerant turfgrasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Tada
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakura, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0982, Japan
| | - Ryuto Kochiya
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakura, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0982, Japan
| | - Masayuki Toyoizumi
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakura, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0982, Japan
| | - Yuka Takano
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakura, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0982, Japan
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2
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Aziz MA, Sabeem M, Kutty MS, Rahman S, Alneyadi MK, Alkaabi AB, Almeqbali ES, Brini F, Vijayan R, Masmoudi K. Enzyme stabilization and thermotolerance function of the intrinsically disordered LEA2 proteins from date palm. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11878. [PMID: 37482543 PMCID: PMC10363547 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38426-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In date palm, the LEA2 genes are of abundance with sixty-two members that are nearly all ubiquitous. However, their functions and interactions with potential target molecules are largely unexplored. In this study, five date palm LEA2 genes, PdLEA2.2, PdLEA2.3, PdLEA2.4, PdLEA2.6, and PdLEA2.7 were cloned, sequenced, and three of them, PdLEA2.2, PdLEA2.3, and PdLEA2.4 were functionally characterized for their effects on the thermostability of two distinct enzymes, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and β-glucosidase (bglG) in vitro. Overall, PdLEA2.3 and PdLEA2.4 were moderately hydrophilic, PdLEA2.7 was slightly hydrophobic, and PdLEA2.2 and PdLEA2.6 were neither. Sequence and structure prediction indicated the presence of a stretch of hydrophobic residues near the N-terminus that could potentially form a transmembrane helix in PdLEA2.2, PdLEA2.4, PdLEA2.6 and PdLEA2.7. In addition to the transmembrane helix, secondary and tertiary structures prediction showed the presence of a disordered region followed by a stacked β-sheet region in all the PdLEA2 proteins. Moreover, three purified recombinant PdLEA2 proteins were produced in vitro, and their presence in the LDH enzymatic reaction enhanced the activity and reduced the aggregate formation of LDH under the heat stress. In the bglG enzymatic assays, PdLEA2 proteins further displayed their capacity to preserve and stabilize the bglG enzymatic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mughair Abdul Aziz
- Department of Integrative Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab, Emirates University, Al‑Ain, Abu‑Dhabi, UAE
| | - Miloofer Sabeem
- Department of Integrative Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab, Emirates University, Al‑Ain, Abu‑Dhabi, UAE
| | - M Sangeeta Kutty
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Agriculture, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikkara, Thrissur, 680656, India
| | - Shafeeq Rahman
- Department of Integrative Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab, Emirates University, Al‑Ain, Abu‑Dhabi, UAE
| | - Maitha Khalfan Alneyadi
- Department of Integrative Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab, Emirates University, Al‑Ain, Abu‑Dhabi, UAE
| | - Alia Binghushoom Alkaabi
- Department of Integrative Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab, Emirates University, Al‑Ain, Abu‑Dhabi, UAE
| | - Eiman Saeed Almeqbali
- Department of Integrative Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab, Emirates University, Al‑Ain, Abu‑Dhabi, UAE
| | - Faical Brini
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS)/ University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ranjit Vijayan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al‑Ain, Abu‑Dhabi, UAE
| | - Khaled Masmoudi
- Department of Integrative Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab, Emirates University, Al‑Ain, Abu‑Dhabi, UAE.
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Ghanmi S, Smith MA, Zaidi I, Drira M, Graether SP, Hanin M. Isolation and molecular characterization of an FSK 2-type dehydrin from Atriplex halimus. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2023:113783. [PMID: 37406790 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Dehydrins form the group II LEA protein family and are known to play multiple roles in plant stress tolerance and enzyme protection. They harbor a variable number of conserved lysine rich motifs (K-segments) and may also contain three additional conserved motifs (Y-, F- and S-segments). In this work, we report the isolation and characterization of an FSK2-type dehydrin from the halophytic species Atriplex halimus, which we designate as AhDHN1. In silico analysis of the protein sequence revealed that AhDHN1 contains large number of hydrophilic residues, and is predicted to be intrinsically disordered. In addition, it has an FSK2 architecture with one F-segment, one S-segment, and two K-segments. The expression analysis showed that the AhDHN1 transcript is induced by salt and water stress treatments in the leaves of Atriplex seedlings. Moreover, circular dichroism spectrum performed on recombinant AhDHN1 showed that the dehydrin lacks any secondary structure, confirming its intrinsic disorder nature. However, there is a gain of α-helicity in the presence of membrane-like SDS micelles. In vitro assays revealed that AhDHN1 is able to effectively protect enzymatic activity of the lactate dehydrogenase against cold, heat and dehydration stresses. Our findings strongly suggest that AhDHN1 can be involved in the adaptation mechanisms of halophytes to adverse environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwar Ghanmi
- Plant Physiology & Functional Genomics Research Unit, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Sfax, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Margaret A Smith
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Ikram Zaidi
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Plant Improvement, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, BP "1177", University of Sfax, 3018 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Marwa Drira
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Plant Improvement, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, BP "1177", University of Sfax, 3018 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Steffen P Graether
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Moez Hanin
- Plant Physiology & Functional Genomics Research Unit, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Sfax, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia.
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4
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Tisarum R, Chaitachawong N, Takabe T, Singh HP, Samphumphuang T, Cha-um S. Physio-morphological and biochemical responses of dixie grass (Sporobolus virginicus) to NaCl or Na2SO4 stress. Biologia (Bratisl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-022-01060-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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5
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Piasecka A, Sawikowska A, Jedrzejczak-Rey N, Piślewska-Bednarek M, Bednarek P. Targeted and Untargeted Metabolomic Analyses Reveal Organ Specificity of Specialized Metabolites in the Model Grass Brachypodium distachyon. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27185956. [PMID: 36144695 PMCID: PMC9506550 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27185956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Brachypodium distachyon, because of its fully sequenced genome, is frequently used as a model grass species. However, its metabolome, which constitutes an indispensable element of complex biological systems, remains poorly characterized. In this study, we conducted comprehensive, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based metabolomic examination of roots, leaves and spikes of Brachypodium Bd21 and Bd3-1 lines. Our pathway enrichment analysis emphasised the accumulation of specialized metabolites representing the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway in parallel with processes related to nucleotide, sugar and amino acid metabolism. Similarities in metabolite profiles between both lines were relatively high in roots and leaves while spikes showed higher metabolic variance within both accessions. In roots, differences between Bd21 and Bd3-1 lines were manifested primarily in diterpenoid metabolism, while differences within spikes and leaves concerned nucleotide metabolism and nitrogen management. Additionally, sulphate-containing metabolites differentiated Bd21 and Bd3-1 lines in spikes. Structural analysis based on MS fragmentation spectra enabled identification of 93 specialized metabolites. Among them phenylpropanoids and flavonoids derivatives were mainly determined. As compared with closely related barley and wheat species, metabolic profile of Brachypodium is characterized with presence of threonate derivatives of hydroxycinnamic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Piasecka
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznań, Poland
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479 Poznań, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (P.B.); Tel.: +48-61-852-85-03 (A.P. & P.B.); Fax: +48-61-852-05-32 (A.P. & P.B.)
| | - Aneta Sawikowska
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznań, Poland
- Department of Mathematical and Statistical Methods, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637 Poznań, Poland
| | - Nicolas Jedrzejczak-Rey
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznań, Poland
| | - Mariola Piślewska-Bednarek
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznań, Poland
| | - Paweł Bednarek
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznań, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (P.B.); Tel.: +48-61-852-85-03 (A.P. & P.B.); Fax: +48-61-852-05-32 (A.P. & P.B.)
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6
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Mishra S, Priyanka, Sharma S. Metabolomic Insights Into Endophyte-Derived Bioactive Compounds. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:835931. [PMID: 35308367 PMCID: PMC8926391 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.835931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the various plant-associated microbiota, endophytes (the microbial communities inhabiting plant endosphere without causing disease symptoms) exhibit the most intimate and specific association with host plants. Endophytic microbes influence various aspects of plant responses (such as increasing availability of nutrients, tolerance against biotic and abiotic stresses, etc.) by modulating the primary and secondary metabolism of the host. Besides, endophytic microbes produce a diverse array of bioactive compounds, which have potential applications in the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries. Further, there is sufficient evidence for endophyte-derived plant metabolites, which could be pursued as alternative sources of commercially important plant metabolites. The field of bioprospecting, the discovery of novel chemistries, and endophyte-mediated production of plant metabolites have witnessed a boom with the advent of omics technologies (especially metabolomics) in endophyte research. The high throughput study of small metabolites at a particular timepoint or tissue forms the core of metabolomics. Being downstream to transcriptome and proteome, the metabolome provides the most direct reflection of the phenotype of an organism. The contribution of plant and microbial metabolomics for answering fundamental questions of plant-endophyte interaction, such as the effect of endophyte inoculation on plant metabolome, composition of metabolites on the impact of environmental stressors (biotic and abiotic), etc., have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushma Mishra
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Dayalbagh Educational Institute, Deemed-to-be-University, Agra, India
| | - Priyanka
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Shilpi Sharma
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
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7
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Mi P, Yuan F, Guo J, Han G, Wang B. Salt glands play a pivotal role in the salt resistance of four recretohalophyte Limonium Mill. species. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2021; 23:1063-1073. [PMID: 33969585 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Limonium Mill. plants are typical recretohalophytes, as they withstand salt stress by secreting excess salt onto the leaf surface through salt glands. However, little is known on the salinity thresholds of these plants and the function of salt glands in salt tolerance. Here, we investigated the salinity thresholds of salt tolerance of the Limonium species L. aureum (Linn.) Hill, L. gmelinii (Willd.) Kuntze, L. otolepis (Schrenk) Kuntze and L. sinuatum (L.) Mill grown with various concentrations of NaCl. The salinity thresholds of L. otolepis, L. aureum, L. sinuatum and L. gmelinii were 300, 350, 400 and 420 mm NaCl, respectively. Correlation analysis indicated that total dry weight, chlorophyll content and intercellular CO2 concentration were highly positively correlated with the total fresh weights of all four Limonium species and could therefore be used as indicators of plant salt tolerance. Furthermore, as the salt gland density on the leaf surface increased, the rate of salt secretion per salt gland also increased, allowing more Na+ to be secreted from the plant. Redundancy discriminant analysis indicated that salt gland density, Na+ content and Na+ secretion rate per salt gland were positively correlated with salt concentration. These observations support the notion that salt glands play important roles in the adaptation of Limonium species to high salinity conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mi
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - F Yuan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - J Guo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - G Han
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - B Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
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8
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Boughalleb F, Maaloul S, Mahmoudi M, Mabrouk M, Bakhshandeh E, Abdellaoui R. Limoniastrum guyonianum behavior under seasonal conditions fluctuations of Sabkha Aïn Maïder (Tunisia). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 168:305-320. [PMID: 34673320 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In Sabkha biotope, several environmental factors (i.e., salinity, drought, temperature, etc.) especially during dry season affect halophytes developments. To cope with these harmful conditions, halophytes use multiple mechanisms of adaptations. In this study, we focused on the effect of environmental condition changes over a year in the Sabkha of Aïn Maïder (Medenine - Tunisia) on the physiological and biochemical behavior of Limoniastrum guyonianum using a modeling approach. Our study showed that the model depicted well (R2 > 0.75) the monthly fluctuations of the studied parameters in this habitat. During the dry period (June to September), the salinity of the soil increased remarkably (high level of EC and Na+ content), resulting in high Na+ content in the aerial parts followed by a nutrient deficiency in K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+. As a result of this disruption, L. guyonianum decreased its water potential to more negative values to maintain osmotic potential using inorganic osmolytes (i.e., Na+) and organic osmolytes (i.e., sugars: sucrose, fructose, glucose, and xylitol, and organic acids: citric and malic acids). In addition, CO2 assimilation rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, and photosynthetic pigments decreased significantly with increasing salinity. The phenolic compounds contents and the antioxidant activity increased significantly in the dry period as a result of increased levels of H2O2 and lipid peroxidation. This increase was highly correlated with soil salinity and air temperature. The maintenance of tissue hydration (i.e., moderate decrease of relative water content), the accumulation of sugars and organic acids, the enhancement of phenolic compounds amounts, and the increase of antioxidant activity during the dry period suggest that L. guyonianum possesses an efficient tolerance mechanism that allows the plant to withstand the seasonal fluctuations of climatic conditions in its natural biotope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fayçal Boughalleb
- University of Gabes, Arid Regions Institute, LR16IRA03 Laboratory of Rangeland Ecosystems and Valorization of Spontaneous Plants and Associated Microorganisms, El Fjé, Medenine, Tunisia.
| | - Sameh Maaloul
- University of Gabes, Arid Regions Institute, LR16IRA03 Laboratory of Rangeland Ecosystems and Valorization of Spontaneous Plants and Associated Microorganisms, El Fjé, Medenine, Tunisia
| | - Maher Mahmoudi
- University of Gabes, Faculty of Sciences of Gabes, Tunisia
| | - Mahmoud Mabrouk
- University of Gabes, Platform Advances Analysis, Institute of Arid Regions, Medenine, Tunisia
| | - Esmaeil Bakhshandeh
- Genetics and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute of Tabarestan and Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran
| | - Raoudha Abdellaoui
- University of Gabes, Arid Regions Institute, LR16IRA03 Laboratory of Rangeland Ecosystems and Valorization of Spontaneous Plants and Associated Microorganisms, El Fjé, Medenine, Tunisia
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Vaziriyeganeh M, Khan S, Zwiazek JJ. Transcriptome and Metabolome Analyses Reveal Potential Salt Tolerance Mechanisms Contributing to Maintenance of Water Balance by the Halophytic Grass Puccinellia nuttalliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:760863. [PMID: 34777443 PMCID: PMC8586710 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.760863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Elevated soil salinity exacerbated by human activities and global climate change poses serious threats to plant survival. Although halophytes provide many important clues concerning salt tolerance in plants, some unanswered questions remain to be addressed, including the processes of water and solute transport regulation. We performed high-throughput RNA-sequencing in roots and metabolome characterizations in roots and leaves of Puccinellia nuttalliana halophytic grass subjected to 0 (control) and 150 mM NaCl. In RNAseq, a total of 31 Gb clean bases generated were de novo assembled into 941,894 transcripts. The PIP2;2 and HKT1;5 transcript levels increased in response to the NaCl treatment implying their roles in water and ion homeostasis. Several transcription factors, including WRKY39, DEK3, HY5, and ABF2, were also overexpressed in response to NaCl. The metabolomic analysis revealed that proline and dopamine significantly increased due to the upregulation of the pathway genes under salt stress, likely contributing to salt tolerance mechanisms. Several phosphatidylcholines significantly increased in roots suggesting that the alterations of membrane lipid composition may be an important strategy in P. nuttalliana for maintaining cellular homeostasis and membrane integrity under salt stress. In leaves, the TCA cycle was enriched suggesting enhanced energy metabolism to cope with salt stress. Other features contributing to the ability of P. nuttalliana to survive under high salinity conditions include salt secretion by the salt glands and enhanced cell wall lignification of the root cells. While most of the reported transcriptomic, metabolomics, and structural alterations may have consequences to water balance maintenance by plants under salinity stress, the key processes that need to be further addressed include the role of the changes in the aquaporin gene expression profiles in the earlier reported enhancement of the aquaporin-mediated root water transport.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Janusz J. Zwiazek
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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10
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Amin I, Rasool S, Mir MA, Wani W, Masoodi KZ, Ahmad P. Ion homeostasis for salinity tolerance in plants: a molecular approach. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 171:578-594. [PMID: 32770745 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity is one of the major environmental stresses faced by the plants. Sodium chloride is the most important salt responsible for inducing salt stress by disrupting the osmotic potential. Due to various innate mechanisms, plants adapt to the sodic niche around them. Genes and transcription factors regulating ion transport and exclusion such as salt overly sensitive (SOS), Na+ /H+ exchangers (NHXs), high sodium affinity transporter (HKT) and plasma membrane protein (PMP) are activated during salinity stress and help in alleviating cells of ion toxicity. For salt tolerance in plants signal transduction and gene expression is regulated via transcription factors such as NAM (no apical meristem), ATAF (Arabidopsis transcription activation factor), CUC (cup-shaped cotyledon), Apetala 2/ethylene responsive factor (AP2/ERF), W-box binding factor (WRKY) and basic leucine zipper domain (bZIP). Cross-talk between all these transcription factors and genes aid in developing the tolerance mechanisms adopted by plants against salt stress. These genes and transcription factors regulate the movement of ions out of the cells by opening various membrane ion channels. Mutants or knockouts of all these genes are known to be less salt-tolerant compared to wild-types. Using novel molecular techniques such as analysis of genome, transcriptome, ionome and metabolome of a plant, can help in expanding the understanding of salt tolerance mechanism in plants. In this review, we discuss the genes responsible for imparting salt tolerance under salinity stress through transport dynamics of ion balance and need to integrate high-throughput molecular biology techniques to delineate the issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Insha Amin
- Molecular Biology Lab, Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, FVSc & A.H., SKUAST, Shuhama, India
| | - Saiema Rasool
- Department of School Education, Govt. of Jammu & Kashmir, Srinagar, 190001, India
| | - Mudasir A Mir
- Transcriptomics Lab, Division of Plant Biotechnology, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shalimar, 190025, India
| | - Wasia Wani
- Transcriptomics Lab, Division of Plant Biotechnology, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shalimar, 190025, India
| | - Khalid Z Masoodi
- Transcriptomics Lab, Division of Plant Biotechnology, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shalimar, 190025, India
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Botany, S. P. College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190001, India
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11
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Kaleem M, Hameed M. Functional traits for salinity tolerance in differently adapted populations of Fimbristylis complanata (Retz.). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2021; 23:1319-1332. [PMID: 33689509 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2021.1895718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Functional modifications in three populations of Fimbristylis complanata collected from differently salt effected habitats were evaluated. The populations were established in pots and treated with five NaCl levels (0, 100, 200, 300, and 400 mM). Population SH (collected from the highest salinities, ECe 37.94 dS m-1) exhibited better osmotic adjustment because of the higher accumulation of organic osmolytes under high salinities and was ranked as highly tolerant. Other features like an increased concentration of chlorophyll pigments ensured maintenance of photosynthetic capability, and accumulated higher K+ and Ca2+ contents that minimized the toxic effect of Na+ and maintained ion homeostasis. Salinity tolerance in the Lillah-Khewra foothills (LR) population (collected from moderately saline site, ECe 31.36 dS m-1) relied on the maintenance of shoot dry weight (SDW) and shoot and root length (RL) with a parallel accumulation of organic osmolytes and shoot Ca2+. This species is a stem succulent and can store excessive amount of salt in storage parenchyma, as indicated by the accumulation of high concentration of Na+ in shoot. The SH population, in particular, can be rated as the best for phytoremediation of salt-affected soils that accumulated more Na+ than other populations and concentration of osmolytes for turgor maintenance under high salinities. Novelty statement Fimbristylis is less explored, particularly no information available on salt tolerance of F. complanata exists in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Kaleem
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Mansoor Hameed
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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12
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Lu C, Yuan F, Guo J, Han G, Wang C, Chen M, Wang B. Current Understanding of Role of Vesicular Transport in Salt Secretion by Salt Glands in Recretohalophytes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2203. [PMID: 33672188 PMCID: PMC7926375 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil salinization is a serious and growing problem around the world. Some plants, recognized as the recretohalophytes, can normally grow on saline-alkali soil without adverse effects by secreting excessive salt out of the body. The elucidation of the salt secretion process is of great significance for understanding the salt tolerance mechanism adopted by the recretohalophytes. Between the 1950s and the 1970s, three hypotheses, including the osmotic potential hypothesis, the transfer system similar to liquid flow in animals, and vesicle-mediated exocytosis, were proposed to explain the salt secretion process of plant salt glands. More recently, increasing evidence has indicated that vesicular transport plays vital roles in salt secretion of recretohalophytes. Here, we summarize recent findings, especially regarding the molecular evidence on the functional roles of vesicular trafficking in the salt secretion process of plant salt glands. A model of salt secretion in salt gland is also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Baoshan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; (C.L.); (F.Y.); (J.G.); (G.H.); (C.W.); (M.C.)
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13
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Boulc'h PN, Caullireau E, Faucher E, Gouerou M, Guérin A, Miray R, Couée I. Abiotic stress signalling in extremophile land plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:5771-5785. [PMID: 32687568 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plant life relies on complex arrays of environmental stress sensing and signalling mechanisms. Extremophile plants develop and grow in harsh environments with extremes of cold, heat, drought, desiccation, or salinity, which have resulted in original adaptations. In accordance with their polyphyletic origins, extremophile plants likely possess core mechanisms of plant abiotic stress signalling. However, novel properties or regulations may have emerged in the context of extremophile adaptations. Comparative omics of extremophile genetic models, such as Arabidopsis lyrata, Craterostigma plantagineum, Eutrema salsugineum, and Physcomitrella patens, reveal diverse strategies of sensing and signalling that lead to a general improvement in abiotic stress responses. Current research points to putative differences of sensing and emphasizes significant modifications of regulatory mechanisms, at the level of secondary messengers (Ca2+, phospholipids, reactive oxygen species), signal transduction (intracellular sensors, protein kinases, transcription factors, ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis) or signalling crosstalk. Involvement of hormone signalling, especially ABA signalling, cell homeostasis surveillance, and epigenetic mechanisms, also shows that large-scale gene regulation, whole-plant integration, and probably stress memory are important features of adaptation to extreme conditions. This evolutionary and functional plasticity of signalling systems in extremophile plants may have important implications for plant biotechnology, crop improvement, and ecological risk assessment under conditions of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Nicolas Boulc'h
- University of Rennes 1, Department of Life Sciences and Environment, Campus de Beaulieu, avenue du Général Leclerc, Rennes, France
| | - Emma Caullireau
- University of Rennes 1, Department of Life Sciences and Environment, Campus de Beaulieu, avenue du Général Leclerc, Rennes, France
| | - Elvina Faucher
- University of Rennes 1, Department of Life Sciences and Environment, Campus de Beaulieu, avenue du Général Leclerc, Rennes, France
| | - Maverick Gouerou
- University of Rennes 1, Department of Life Sciences and Environment, Campus de Beaulieu, avenue du Général Leclerc, Rennes, France
- University of Rennes 1, CNRS, ECOBIO (Ecosystems-Biodiversity-Evolution) - UMR, Campus de Beaulieu, avenue du Général Leclerc, Rennes, France
| | - Amandine Guérin
- University of Rennes 1, Department of Life Sciences and Environment, Campus de Beaulieu, avenue du Général Leclerc, Rennes, France
| | - Romane Miray
- University of Rennes 1, Department of Life Sciences and Environment, Campus de Beaulieu, avenue du Général Leclerc, Rennes, France
| | - Ivan Couée
- University of Rennes 1, Department of Life Sciences and Environment, Campus de Beaulieu, avenue du Général Leclerc, Rennes, France
- University of Rennes 1, CNRS, ECOBIO (Ecosystems-Biodiversity-Evolution) - UMR, Campus de Beaulieu, avenue du Général Leclerc, Rennes, France
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14
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Kawakami Y, Imran S, Katsuhara M, Tada Y. Na + Transporter SvHKT1;1 from a Halophytic Turf Grass Is Specifically Upregulated by High Na + Concentration and Regulates Shoot Na + Concentration. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176100. [PMID: 32847126 PMCID: PMC7503356 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We characterized an Na+ transporter SvHKT1;1 from a halophytic turf grass, Sporobolus virginicus. SvHKT1;1 mediated inward and outward Na+ transport in Xenopus laevis oocytes and did not complement K+ transporter-defective mutant yeast. SvHKT1;1 did not complement athkt1;1 mutant Arabidopsis, suggesting its distinguishable function from other typical HKT1 transporters. The transcript was abundant in the shoots compared with the roots in S. virginicus and was upregulated by severe salt stress (500 mM NaCl), but not by lower stress. SvHKT1;1-expressing Arabidopsis lines showed higher shoot Na+ concentrations and lower salt tolerance than wild type (WT) plants under nonstress and salt stress conditions and showed higher Na+ uptake rate in roots at the early stage of salt treatment. These results suggested that constitutive expression of SvHKT1;1 enhanced Na+ uptake in root epidermal cells, followed by increased Na+ transport to shoots, which led to reduced salt tolerance. However, Na+ concentrations in phloem sap of the SvHKT1;1 lines were higher than those in WT plants under salt stress. Based on this result, together with the induction of the SvHKT1;1 transcription under high salinity stress, it was suggested that SvHKT1;1 plays a role in preventing excess shoot Na+ accumulation in S. virginicus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kawakami
- Graduate School of Bionics, Computer and Media Sciences, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakura, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0982, Japan;
| | - Shahin Imran
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki, Okayama 710-0046, Japan; (S.I.); (M.K.)
| | - Maki Katsuhara
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki, Okayama 710-0046, Japan; (S.I.); (M.K.)
| | - Yuichi Tada
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakura, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0982, Japan
- Correspondence:
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15
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De novo RNA sequencing analysis of Aeluropus littoralis halophyte plant under salinity stress. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9148. [PMID: 32499577 PMCID: PMC7272644 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65947-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of salt tolerance mechanisms in halophyte plants can provide valuable information for crop breeding and plant engineering programs. The aim of the present study was to investigate whole transcriptome analysis of Aeluropus littoralis in response to salinity stress (200 and 400 mM NaCl) by de novo RNA-sequencing. To assemble the transcriptome, Trinity v2.4.0 and Bridger tools, were comparatively used with two k-mer sizes (25 and 32 bp). The de novo assembled transcriptome by Bridger (k-mer 32) was chosen as final assembly for subsequent analysis. In general, 103290 transcripts were obtained. The differential expression analysis (log2FC > 1 and FDR < 0.01) showed that 1861 transcripts expressed differentially, including169 up and 316 down-regulated transcripts in 200 mM NaCl treatment and 1035 up and 430 down-regulated transcripts in 400 mM NaCl treatment compared to control. In addition, 89 transcripts were common in both treatments. The most important over-represented terms in the GO analysis of differentially expressed genes (FDR < 0.05) were chitin response, response to abscisic acid, and regulation of jasmonic acid mediated signaling pathway under 400 mM NaCl treatment and cell cycle, cell division, and mitotic cell cycle process under 200 mM treatment. In addition, the phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process term was common in both salt treatments. Interestingly, under 400 mM salt treatment, the PRC1 complex that contributes to chromatin remodeling was also enriched along with vacuole as a general salinity stress responsive cell component. Among enriched pathways, the MAPK signaling pathway (ko04016) and phytohormone signal transduction (ko04075) were significantly enriched in 400 mM NaCl treatment, whereas DNA replication (ko03032) was the only pathway that significantly enriched in 200 mM NaCl treatment. Finally, our findings indicate the salt-concentration depended responses of A. littoralis, which well-known salinity stress-related pathways are induced in 400 mM NaCl, while less considered pathways, e.g. cell cycle and DNA replication, are highlighted under 200 mM NaCl treatment.
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16
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Zhang X, Yao Y, Li X, Zhang L, Fan S. Transcriptomic analysis identifies novel genes and pathways for salt stress responses in Suaeda salsa leaves. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4236. [PMID: 32144380 PMCID: PMC7060309 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61204-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Salinity is a critical abiotic stress, which significantly impacts the agricultural yield worldwide. Identification of the molecular mechanisms underlying the salt tolerance in euhalophyte Suaeda salsa is conducive to the development of salt-resistant crops. In the present study, high-throughput RNA sequencing was performed after S. salsa leaves were exposed to 300 mM NaCl for 7 days, and 7,753 unigenes were identified as differently expressed genes (DEGs) in S. salsa, including 3,638 increased and 4,115 decreased unigenes. Moreover, hundreds of pathways were predicted to participate in salt stress response in S. salsa by Gene Ontology (GO), MapMan and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses, including ion transport and sequestration as well as photoprotection of photosystem (PS) II. The GO enrichment analysis indicated that genes related to ion transport, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging and transcriptional factors were highly expressed upon NaCl treatment. The excessive Na+ and Cl- ions were supposed to be absorbed into the vacuole for ion sequestration and balance adjustment by potassium transporters (such as KEA3) with high expressions. Moreover, we predicted that mutiple candidate genes associated with photosynthesis (such as PSB33 and ABA4), ROS (such as TAU9 and PHI8) and transcriptional regulation (HB-7 and MYB78) pathways could mitigate salt stress-caused damage in S. salsa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejie Zhang
- Key Lab of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Yao
- Key Lab of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaotong Li
- Key Lab of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Luoyan Zhang
- Key Lab of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China.
| | - Shoujin Fan
- Key Lab of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China.
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17
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Yamamoto N, Sugimoto T, Takano T, Sasou A, Morita S, Yano K, Masumura T. The plant-type phospho enolpyruvate carboxylase Gmppc2 is developmentally induced in immature soy seeds at the late maturation stage: a potential protein biomarker for seed chemical composition. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2020; 84:552-562. [PMID: 31771419 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2019.1696179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) is a carbon-fixing enzyme with critical roles in seed development. Previously we observed a positive correlation between PEPC activity and protein content in mature seeds among soybean cultivars and varietal differences of PEPC activity in immature seeds, which is concordant with seed protein accumulation. Here, we report a PEPC isoform (Gmppc2) which is preferentially expressed in immature soybean seeds at the late maturation stage. Gmppc2 was co-expressed with enzyme genes involved in starch degradation: α-amylase, hexokinase, and α-glucan phosphorylase. Gmppc2 was developmentally induced in the external seed coats, internal seed coats, hypocotyls, and cotyledons at the late maturation stage. The expression of Gmppc2 protein was negatively regulated by the application of a nitrogen fertilizer, which suppressed nodule formation. These results imply that Gmppc2 is involved in the metabolism of nitrogen originated from nodules into seeds, and Gmppc2 might be applicable as a biomarker of seed protein content.Abbreviations: PEP: phosphoenolpyruvate; PEPC: phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase; RNA-Seq: RNA sequencing; PCA: principal component analysis; SE: standard error.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Toshio Sugimoto
- Plant Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Takano
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ai Sasou
- Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shigeto Morita
- Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
- Biotechnology Research Department, Kyoto Prefectural Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Technology Research Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kentaro Yano
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takehiro Masumura
- Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
- Biotechnology Research Department, Kyoto Prefectural Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Technology Research Center, Kyoto, Japan
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18
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Sampangi-Ramaiah MH, Jagadheesh, Dey P, Jambagi S, Vasantha Kumari MM, Oelmüller R, Nataraja KN, Venkataramana Ravishankar K, Ravikanth G, Uma Shaanker R. An endophyte from salt-adapted Pokkali rice confers salt-tolerance to a salt-sensitive rice variety and targets a unique pattern of genes in its new host. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3237. [PMID: 32094443 PMCID: PMC7039991 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59998-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Endophytes, both of bacterial and fungal origin, are ubiquitously present in all plants. While their origin and evolution are enigmatic, there is burgeoning literature on their role in promoting growth and stress responses in their hosts. We demonstrate that a salt-tolerant endophyte isolated from salt-adapted Pokkali rice, a Fusarium sp., colonizes the salt-sensitive rice variety IR-64, promotes its growth under salt stress and confers salinity stress tolerance to its host. Physiological parameters, such as assimilation rate and chlorophyll stability index were higher in the colonized plants. Comparative transcriptome analysis revealed 1348 up-regulated and 1078 down-regulated genes in plants colonized by the endophyte. Analysis of the regulated genes by MapMan and interaction network programs showed that they are involved in both abiotic and biotic stress tolerance, and code for proteins involved in signal perception (leucine-rich repeat proteins, receptor-like kinases) and transduction (Ca2+ and calmodulin-binding proteins), transcription factors, secondary metabolism and oxidative stress scavenging. For nine genes, the data were validated by qPCR analysis in both roots and shoots. Taken together, these results show that salt-adapted Pokkali rice varieties are powerful sources for the identification of novel endophytes, which can be used to confer salinity tolerance to agriculturally important, but salt-sensitive rice varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jagadheesh
- School of Ecology and Conservation, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore, 560065, India
| | - Prajjal Dey
- School of Ecology and Conservation, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore, 560065, India
| | - Shridhar Jambagi
- School of Ecology and Conservation, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore, 560065, India
| | - M M Vasantha Kumari
- School of Ecology and Conservation, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore, 560065, India
| | - Ralf Oelmüller
- Friedrich-Schiller - University, Institute of General Botany and Plant Physiology, Dornbuger Str. 159, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Karaba N Nataraja
- Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore, 560065, India
| | | | - G Ravikanth
- Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, Royal Enclave, Srirampura, Jakkur Post, Bangalore, 560064, India
| | - R Uma Shaanker
- School of Ecology and Conservation, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore, 560065, India.
- Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore, 560065, India.
- Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, Royal Enclave, Srirampura, Jakkur Post, Bangalore, 560064, India.
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19
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Klaas M, Haiminen N, Grant J, Cormican P, Finnan J, Arojju SK, Utro F, Vellani T, Parida L, Barth S. Transcriptome characterization and differentially expressed genes under flooding and drought stress in the biomass grasses Phalaris arundinacea and Dactylis glomerata. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2019; 124:717-730. [PMID: 31241131 PMCID: PMC6821378 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcz074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Perennial grasses are a global resource as forage, and for alternative uses in bioenergy and as raw materials for the processing industry. Marginal lands can be valuable for perennial biomass grass production, if perennial biomass grasses can cope with adverse abiotic environmental stresses such as drought and waterlogging. METHODS In this study, two perennial grass species, reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea) and cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata) were subjected to drought and waterlogging stress to study their responses for insights to improving environmental stress tolerance. Physiological responses were recorded, reference transcriptomes established and differential gene expression investigated between control and stress conditions. We applied a robust non-parametric method, RoDEO, based on rank ordering of transcripts to investigate differential gene expression. Furthermore, we extended and validated vRoDEO for comparing samples with varying sequencing depths. KEY RESULTS This allowed us to identify expressed genes under drought and waterlogging whilst using only a limited number of RNA sequencing experiments. Validating the methodology, several differentially expressed candidate genes involved in the stage 3 step-wise scheme in detoxification and degradation of xenobiotics were recovered, while several novel stress-related genes classified as of unknown function were discovered. CONCLUSIONS Reed canary grass is a species coping particularly well with flooding conditions, but this study adds novel information on how its transcriptome reacts under drought stress. We built extensive transcriptomes for the two investigated C3 species cocksfoot and reed canary grass under both extremes of water stress to provide a clear comparison amongst the two species to broaden our horizon for comparative studies, but further confirmation of the data would be ideal to obtain a more detailed picture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfred Klaas
- Teagasc Crops Environment and Land Use Programme, Oak Park Crops Research Centre, Carlow, Ireland
| | - Niina Haiminen
- Computational Biology Center, IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA
| | - Jim Grant
- Teagasc Statistics and Applied Physics Research Operations Group, Ashtown, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Paul Cormican
- Teagasc Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Grange, Dunsany, Co. Meath, Ireland
| | - John Finnan
- Teagasc Crops Environment and Land Use Programme, Oak Park Crops Research Centre, Carlow, Ireland
| | - Sai Krishna Arojju
- Teagasc Crops Environment and Land Use Programme, Oak Park Crops Research Centre, Carlow, Ireland
| | - Filippo Utro
- Computational Biology Center, IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA
| | - Tia Vellani
- Teagasc Crops Environment and Land Use Programme, Oak Park Crops Research Centre, Carlow, Ireland
| | - Laxmi Parida
- Computational Biology Center, IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA
| | - Susanne Barth
- Teagasc Crops Environment and Land Use Programme, Oak Park Crops Research Centre, Carlow, Ireland
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20
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Rukmangada MS, Sumathy R, Naik VG. Functional annotation of mulberry (Morus spp.) transcriptome, differential expression of genes related to growth and identification of putative genic SSRs, SNPs and InDels. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:6421-6434. [PMID: 31583573 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-05089-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Growth is a complex trait associated with mulberry leaf yield and controlled by several genes. In this study, we have explored the molecular basis underlying growth using Transcriptome profiling of contrasting genotypes. A total of 66.6 Mbp of primary transcriptomes from high growth (HGG)-Jalalgarah-3 and M. laevigata (H) and, low growth genotypes (LGG)-Harmutty and Vadagaraparai-2; resulting in 24210, 27998, 28085 and 28764 final transcripts respectively. Out of the 34096 pooled transcripts, 20249 transcripts matched with at least one sequence of the non-redundant database. Functional annotation resulted in the categorization of 18970 transcripts into 3 gene ontology (GO) terms and 7440 were assigned to 23 Kyoto encyclopaedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway. Based on the differentially expressed genes and gene enrichment analysis, over expression of photosynthetic related transcripts in HGG and defence related transcripts in LGG were noted. Simple sequence repeats were mined from unique transcripts and the most abundant motifs were tri- (1883) followed by di- (1710), tetra- (192), penta- (68) and hexa- (40) repeats. Further, a total of 390897 high quality SNPs and 8081 InDels were identified by mapping onto Morus notabilis reference genome. The study provides an insight into the expression of genes involved in growth and further research on utilization in gentic improvement of the crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Rukmangada
- Molecular Biology Laboratory - 1, Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Manandavadi Road, Srirampura, Mysuru, 570008, Karnataka, India.,Bioinformatics Centre, Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Manandavadi Road, Srirampura, Mysuru, 570008, Karnataka, India
| | - R Sumathy
- Bioinformatics Centre, Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Manandavadi Road, Srirampura, Mysuru, 570008, Karnataka, India
| | - Vorkady Girish Naik
- Regional Sericultural Research Station, Central Silk Board, Ministry of Textiles - Govt. of India, Chamarajanagara, 571313, Karnataka, India.
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21
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Llorens E, Sharon O, Camañes G, García-Agustín P, Sharon A. Endophytes from wild cereals protect wheat plants from drought by alteration of physiological responses of the plants to water stress. Environ Microbiol 2019; 21:3299-3312. [PMID: 30637909 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Endophytes contribute to plant performance, especially under harsh conditions. We therefore hypothesized that wild plants have retained beneficial endophytes that are less abundant or not present in related crop plants. To test this hypothesis, we selected two endophytes that were found in Sharon goatgrass, an ancestor of wheat, and tested their effect on bread wheat. Both endophytes infected wheat and improved sustainability and performance under water-limited conditions. To determine how the endophytes modify plant development, we measured parameters of plant growth and physiological status and performed a comparative metabolomics analysis. Endophyte-treated wheat plants had reduced levels of stress damage markers and reduced accumulation of stress-adaptation metabolites. Metabolomics profiling revealed significant differences in the response to water stress of endophyte-treated plants compared with untreated plants. Our results demonstrate the potential of endophytes from wild plants for improvement of related crops and show that the beneficial effects of two endophytes are associated with alteration of physiological responses to water-limited conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Llorens
- Institute for Cereal Crops Improvement, School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel.,Grupo de Bioquímica y Biotecnología, Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, Universitat Jaume I de Castellón, Avenida de Vicent Sos Baynat, s/n, 12071, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Or Sharon
- Institute for Cereal Crops Improvement, School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Gemma Camañes
- Grupo de Bioquímica y Biotecnología, Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, Universitat Jaume I de Castellón, Avenida de Vicent Sos Baynat, s/n, 12071, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Pilar García-Agustín
- Grupo de Bioquímica y Biotecnología, Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, Universitat Jaume I de Castellón, Avenida de Vicent Sos Baynat, s/n, 12071, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Amir Sharon
- Institute for Cereal Crops Improvement, School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
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22
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Schubert M, Grønvold L, Sandve SR, Hvidsten TR, Fjellheim S. Evolution of Cold Acclimation and Its Role in Niche Transition in the Temperate Grass Subfamily Pooideae. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 180:404-419. [PMID: 30850470 PMCID: PMC6501083 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.01448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The grass subfamily Pooideae dominates the grass floras in cold temperate regions and has evolved complex physiological adaptations to cope with extreme environmental conditions like frost, winter, and seasonality. One such adaptation is cold acclimation, wherein plants increase their frost tolerance in response to gradually falling temperatures and shorter days in the autumn. However, understanding how complex traits like cold acclimation evolve remains a major challenge in evolutionary biology. Here, we investigated the evolution of cold acclimation in Pooideae and found that a phylogenetically diverse set of Pooideae species displayed cold acclimation capacity. However, comparing differential gene expression after cold treatment in transcriptomes of five phylogenetically diverse species revealed widespread species-specific responses of genes with conserved sequences. Furthermore, we studied the correlation between gene family size and number of cold-responsive genes as well as between selection pressure on coding sequences of genes and their cold responsiveness. We saw evidence of protein-coding and regulatory sequence evolution as well as the origin of novel genes and functions contributing toward evolution of a cold response in Pooideae. Our results reflect that selection pressure resulting from global cooling must have acted on already diverged lineages. Nevertheless, conservation of cold-induced gene expression of certain genes indicates that the Pooideae ancestor may have possessed some molecular machinery to mitigate cold stress. Evolution of adaptations to seasonally cold climates is regarded as particularly difficult. How Pooideae evolved to transition from tropical to temperate biomes sheds light on how complex traits evolve in the light of climate changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Schubert
- Department of Plant Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, NO-1432 As, Norway
| | - Lars Grønvold
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, NO-1432 As, Norway
| | - Simen R Sandve
- Centre for Integrative Genetics, Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, NO-1432 As, Norway
| | - Torgeir R Hvidsten
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, NO-1432 As, Norway
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umea, Sweden
| | - Siri Fjellheim
- Department of Plant Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, NO-1432 As, Norway
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Takano T, Yamamoto N, Suzuki T, Dohra H, Choi JH, Terashima Y, Yokoyama K, Kawagishi H, Yano K. Genome sequence analysis of the fairy ring-forming fungus Lepista sordida and gene candidates for interaction with plants. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5888. [PMID: 30971747 PMCID: PMC6458111 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42231-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular patterns called “fairy rings” in fields are a natural phenomenon that arises through the interaction between basidiomycete fungi and plants. Acceleration or inhibition of plant vegetative growth and the formation of mushroom fruiting bodies are both commonly observed when fairy rings form. The gene of an enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of these regulators was recently isolated in the fairy ring-forming fungus, Lepista sordida. To identify other genes involved in L. sordida fairy ring formation, we used previously generated sequence data to produce a more complete draft genome sequence for this species. Finally, we predicted the metabolic pathways of the plant growth regulators and 29 candidate enzyme-coding genes involved in fairy-ring formation based on gene annotations. Comparisons of protein coding genes among basidiomycete fungi revealed two nitric oxide synthase gene candidates that were uniquely encoded in genomes of fairy ring-forming fungi. These results provide a basis for the discovery of genes involved in fairy ring formation and for understanding the mechanisms involved in the interaction between fungi and plants. We also constructed a new web database F-RINGS (http://bioinf.mind.meiji.ac.jp/f-rings/) to provide the comprehensive genomic information for L. sordida.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Takano
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashi-Mita, Kawasaki, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Naoki Yamamoto
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashi-Mita, Kawasaki, 214-8571, Japan.,Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huiminglu, Wenjiang, Chengdu, China
| | - Tomohiro Suzuki
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, 350 Mine-machi, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 321-8505, Japan
| | - Hideo Dohra
- Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Jae-Hoon Choi
- Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan.,Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Yurika Terashima
- Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Koji Yokoyama
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashi-Mita, Kawasaki, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Kawagishi
- Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan. .,Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan. .,Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan.
| | - Kentaro Yano
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashi-Mita, Kawasaki, 214-8571, Japan.
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Tada Y, Kawano R, Komatsubara S, Nishimura H, Katsuhara M, Ozaki S, Terashima S, Yano K, Endo C, Sato M, Okamoto M, Sawada Y, Hirai MY, Kurusu T. Functional screening of salt tolerance genes from a halophyte Sporobolus virginicus and transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis of salt tolerant plants expressing glycine-rich RNA-binding protein. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 278:54-63. [PMID: 30471729 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Sporobolus virginicus is a halophytic C4 grass found worldwide, from tropical to warm temperate regions. One Japanese genotype showed a salinity tolerance up to 1.5 M NaCl, a three-fold higher concentration than the salinity of sea water. To identify the key genes involved in the regulation of salt tolerance in S. virginicus, we produced 3500 independent transgenic Arabidopsis lines expressing random cDNA from S. virginicus and screened 10 lines which showed enhanced salt tolerance compared with the wild type in a medium containing 150 mM NaCl. Among the selected lines, two contained cDNA coding glycine-rich RNA-binding proteins (SvGRP1 and SvGRP2). This is the first reports on the function of GRPs from halophytes in salt tolerance though reports have shown GRPs are involved in diverse biological and biochemical processes including salt tolerance in Arabidopsis and some other glycophytes. Transcriptomic analysis and GO enrichment analysis of SvGRP1-expressing Arabidopsis under salt stress revealed upregulation of polyol and downregulation of glucosinolate and indole acetic acid biosynthesis/metabolic pathways. Metabolomic analysis of the SvGRP1-transformant suggested that the increase in 3-aminoppropanoic acid, citramalic acid, and isocitric acid content was associated with enhanced salt tolerance. These findings could provide novel insight into the roles of GRPs in plant salt tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Tada
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakura, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0982, Japan.
| | - Ryuichi Kawano
- Graduate School of Bionics, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakura, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0982, Japan
| | - Shiho Komatsubara
- Graduate School of Bionics, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakura, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0982, Japan
| | - Hideki Nishimura
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki, Okayama, 710-0046, Japan
| | - Maki Katsuhara
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki, Okayama, 710-0046, Japan
| | - Soichi Ozaki
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Shin Terashima
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Kentaro Yano
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Chisato Endo
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakura, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0982, Japan
| | - Muneo Sato
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Mami Okamoto
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yuji Sawada
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Masami Yokota Hirai
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Kurusu
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakura, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0982, Japan
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25
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Tada Y, Endo C, Katsuhara M, Horie T, Shibasaka M, Nakahara Y, Kurusu T. High-Affinity K+ Transporters from a Halophyte, Sporobolus virginicus, Mediate Both K+ and Na+ Transport in Transgenic Arabidopsis, X. laevis Oocytes and Yeast. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:176-187. [PMID: 30325438 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Class II high-affinity potassium transporters (HKTs) have been proposed to mediate Na+-K+ co-transport in plants, as well as Na+ and K+ homeostasis under K+-starved and saline environments. We identified class II HKTs, namely SvHKT2;1 and SvHKT2;2 (SvHKTs), from the halophytic turf grass, Sporobolus virginicus. SvHKT2;2 expression in S. virginicus was up-regulated by NaCl treatment, while SvHKT2;1 expression was assumed to be up-regulated by K+ starvation and down-regulated by NaCl treatment. Localization analysis revealed SvHKTs predominantly targeted the plasma membrane. SvHKTs complemented K+ uptake deficiency in mutant yeast, and showed both inward and outward K+ and Na+ transport activity in Xenopus laevis oocytes. When constitutively expressed in Arabidopsis, SvHKTs mediated K+ and Na+ accumulation in shoots under K+-starved conditions, and the K+ concentration in xylem saps of transformants was also higher than in those of wild-type plants. These results suggest transporter-enhanced K+ and Na+ uploading to the xylem from xylem parenchyma cells. Together, our data demonstrate that SvHKTs mediate both outward and inward K+ and Na+ transport in X. laevis oocytes, and possibly in plant and yeast cells, depending on the ionic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Tada
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakura, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chisato Endo
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakura, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maki Katsuhara
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Horie
- Division of Applied Biology, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1 Tokida, Ueda, Nagano, Japan
| | - Mineo Shibasaka
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Nakahara
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Kurusu
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakura, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
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26
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Zhang B, Liu J, Wang X, Wei Z. Full-length RNA sequencing reveals unique transcriptome composition in bermudagrass. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 132:95-103. [PMID: 30176433 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] is an important perennial warm-season turfgrass species with great economic value. However, the reference genome and transcriptome information are still deficient in bermudagrass, which severely impedes functional and molecular breeding studies. In this study, through analyzing a mixture sample of leaves, stolons, shoots, roots and flowers with single-molecule long-read sequencing technology from Pacific Biosciences (PacBio), we reported the first full-length transcriptome dataset of bermudagrass (C. dactylon cultivar Yangjiang) comprising 78,192 unigenes. Among the unigenes, 66,409 were functionally annotated, whereas 27,946 were found to have two or more isoforms. The annotated full-length unigenes provided many new insights into gene sequence characteristics and systematic phylogeny of bermudagrass. By comparison with transcriptome dataset in nine grass species, KEGG pathway analyses further revealed that C4 photosynthesis-related genes, notably the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and pyruvate, phosphate dikinase genes, are specifically enriched in bermudagrass. These results not only explained the possible reason why bermudagrass flourishes in warm areas but also provided a solid basis for future studies in this important turfgrass species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Jianxiu Liu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xiaoshan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zhenwu Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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27
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Li L, Li M, Qi X, Tang X, Zhou Y. De novo transcriptome sequencing and analysis of genes related to salt stress response in Glehnia littoralis. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5681. [PMID: 30294511 PMCID: PMC6170154 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil salinity is one of the major environmental stresses affecting plant growth, development, and reproduction. Salt stress also affects the accumulation of some secondary metabolites in plants. Glehnia littoralis is an endangered medicinal halophyte that grows in coastal habitats. Peeled and dried Glehnia littoralis roots, named Radix Glehniae, have been used traditionally as a Chinese herbal medicine. Although Glehnia littoralis has great ecological and commercial value, salt-related mechanisms in Glehnia littoralis remain largely unknown. In this study, we analysed the transcriptome of Glehnia littoralis in response to salt stress by RNA-sequencing to identify potential salt tolerance gene networks. After de novo assembly, we obtained 105,875 unigenes, of which 75,559 were annotated in public databases. We identified 10,335 differentially expressed genes (DEGs; false discovery rate <0.05 and |log2 fold-change| ≥ 1) between NaCl treatment (GL2) and control (GL1), with 5,018 upregulated and 5,317 downregulated DEGs. To further this investigation, we performed Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and the Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis. DEGs involved in secondary metabolite biosynthetic pathways, plant signal transduction pathways, and transcription factors in response to salt stress were analysed. In addition, we tested the gene expression of 15 unigenes by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) to confirm the RNA-sequencing results. Our findings represent a large-scale assessment of the Glehnia littoralis gene resource, and provide useful information for exploring its molecular mechanisms of salt tolerance. Moreover, genes enriched in metabolic pathways could be used to investigate potential biosynthetic pathways of active compounds by Glehnia littoralis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Mimi Li
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiwu Qi
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Xingli Tang
- Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yifeng Zhou
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Dongtai Institute of Tidal Flat, Nanjing Branch of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dongtai, China.,The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing, China
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28
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Theerawitaya C, Yamada-Kato N, Singh HP, Cha-Um S, Takabe T. Isolation, expression, and functional analysis of developmentally regulated plasma membrane polypeptide 1 (DREPP1) in Sporobolus virginicus grown under alkali salt stress. PROTOPLASMA 2018; 255:1423-1432. [PMID: 29574487 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-018-1242-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The plant specific DREPP proteins have been shown to bind Ca2+ and regulate the N-myristoylation signaling and microtubule polymerization in Arabidopsis thaliana. The information about DREPP proteins in other plants is, however, scarce. In the present study, we isolated the DREPP gene from a halophytic grass, Sporobolus virginicus, and tested whether the gene was involved in alkaline salt stress responses. The SvDREPP1 was cloned from S. virginicus by RACE methods. The isolated gene showed high homology to DREPP homologs from C4 grasses, Setaria italica, and Panicum hallii as well as rice (OsDREPP1). The encoded protein contained 202 amino acid residues. It was expressed in E. coli, and its biochemical properties were studied. It was observed that SvDREPP1 was not only Ca2+-binding protein, but also bind to calmodulin and microtubules. The SvDREPP1 mRNA expression in plants grown under alkaline salt stress was upregulated by 3.5 times over the control in leaf tissues after 48-h treatment, whereas it was increased for 6.0 times in the root tissues at 36 h. The data suggests the importance of SvDREPP1 in regulating alkali salt stress responses in the leaf tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cattarin Theerawitaya
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Nana Yamada-Kato
- Research Institute, Meijo University, Tenpaku-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 468-8502, Japan
| | - Harminder Pal Singh
- Department of Environment Studies, Faculty of Science, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Suriyan Cha-Um
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Teruhiro Takabe
- Research Institute, Meijo University, Tenpaku-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 468-8502, Japan.
- Graduate School of Environmental and Human Sciences, Meijo University, Nagoya, 468-8502, Japan.
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29
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Ben-Romdhane W, Ben-Saad R, Meynard D, Zouari N, Mahjoub A, Fki L, Guiderdoni E, Al-Doss A, Hassairi A. Overexpression of AlTMP2 gene from the halophyte grass Aeluropus littoralis in transgenic tobacco enhances tolerance to different abiotic stresses by improving membrane stability and deregulating some stress-related genes. PROTOPLASMA 2018; 255:1161-1177. [PMID: 29450758 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-018-1223-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report isolation of the AlTMP2 gene from the halophytic C4 grass Aeluropus littoralis. The subcellular localization suggested that AlTMP2 is a plasma membrane protein. In A. littoralis exposed to salt and osmotic stresses, the AlTMP2 gene was induced early and at a high rate, but was upregulated relatively later in response to abscisic acid and cold treatments. Expression of AlTMP2 in tobacco conferred improved tolerance against salinity, osmotic, H2O2, heat, and freezing stresses at the germination and seedling stages. Under control conditions, no growth or yield penalty were mentioned in transgenic plants due to the constitutive expression of AlTMP2. Interestingly, under greenhouse conditions, the seed yield of transgenic plants was significantly higher than that of non-transgenic (NT) plants grown under salt or drought stress. Furthermore, AlTMP2 plants had less electrolyte leakage, higher membrane stability, and lower Na+ and higher K+ accumulation than NT plants. Finally, six stress-related genes were shown to be deregulated in AlTMP2 plants relative to NT plants under both control and stress conditions. Collectively, these results indicate that AlTMP2 confers abiotic stress tolerance by improving ion homeostasis and membrane integrity, and by deregulating certain stress-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid Ben-Romdhane
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, B.P 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Rania Ben-Saad
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, B.P 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Donaldo Meynard
- CIRAD-UMR AGAP (Centre de coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement), Avenue Agropolis, 34398, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Nabil Zouari
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, B.P 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ali Mahjoub
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, B.P 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Lotfi Fki
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology Applied to Crop Improvement, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, B.P 802, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Emmanuel Guiderdoni
- CIRAD-UMR AGAP (Centre de coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement), Avenue Agropolis, 34398, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Abdullah Al-Doss
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afif Hassairi
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, B.P 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia.
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30
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Nikalje GC, Suprasanna P. Coping With Metal Toxicity - Cues From Halophytes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:777. [PMID: 29971073 PMCID: PMC6018462 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Being the native flora of saline soil, halophytes are well studied for their salt tolerance and adaptation mechanism at the physiological, biochemical, molecular and metabolomic levels. However, these saline habitats are getting contaminated due to various anthropogenic activities like urban waste, agricultural runoff, mining, industrial waste that are rich in toxic metals and metalloids. These toxic metals impose detrimental effects on growth and development of most plant species. Halophytes by virtue of their tolerance to salinity also show high tolerance to heavy metals which is attributed to the enhanced root to shoot metal translocation and bioavailability. Halophytes rapidly uptake toxic ions from the root and transport them toward aerial parts by using different transporters which are involved in metal tolerance and homeostasis. A number of defense related physiological and biochemical strategies are known to be crucial for metal detoxification in halophytes however; there is paucity of information on the molecular regulators. Understanding of the phenomenon of cross-tolerance of salinity with other abiotic stresses in halophytes could very well boost their potential use in phytoremediation. In this article, we present an overview of heavy metal tolerance in case of halophytes, associated mechanisms and cross-tolerance of salinity with other abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh C. Nikalje
- Department of Botany, R. K. Talreja College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Ulhasnagar, India
| | - Penna Suprasanna
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
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31
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Meng X, Zhou J, Sui N. Mechanisms of Salt Tolerance in Halophytes: Current Understanding and Recent Advances. Open Life Sci 2018; 13:149-154. [PMID: 33817080 PMCID: PMC7874743 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2018-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Halophytes are plants that exhibit high salt tolerance, allowing them to survive and thrive under extremely saline conditions. The study of halophytes advances our understanding about the important adaptations that are required for survival in high salinity conditions, including secretion of salt through the salt glands, regulation of cellular ion homeostasis and osmotic pressure, detoxification of reactive oxygen species, and alterations in membrane composition. To explore the mechanisms that contribute to tolerance to salt stress, salt-responsive genes have been isolated from halophytes and expressed in non-salt tolerant plants using targeted transgenic technologies. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms that underpin salt tolerance in different halophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Meng
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Na Sui
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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32
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Yuan F, Liang X, Li Y, Yin S, Wang B. Methyl jasmonate improves tolerance to high salt stress in the recretohalophyte Limonium bicolor. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2018; 46:82-92. [PMID: 30939260 DOI: 10.1071/fp18120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Limonium bicolor is a typical recretohalophyte with salt glands in the epidermis, which shows maximal growth at moderate salt concentrations (100mM NaCl) but reduced growth in the presence of excess salt (more than 200mM). Jasmonic acid (JA) alleviates the reduced growth of L. bicolor under salt stress; however, the underlying mechanism is unknown. In this study we investigated the effects of exogenous methyl jasmonate (MeJA) application on L. bicolor growth at high NaCl concentrations. We found that treatment with 300mM NaCl led to dramatic inhibition of seedling growth that was significantly alleviated by the application of 0.03mM MeJA, resulting in a biomass close to that of plants not subjected to salt stress. To determine the parameters that correlate with MeJA-induced salt tolerance (assessed as the biomass production in saline and control conditions), we measured 14 physiological parameters relating to ion contents, plasma membrane permeability, photosynthetic parameters, salt gland density, and salt secretion. We identified a correlation between individual indicators and salt tolerance: the most positively correlated indicator was net photosynthetic rate, and the most negatively correlated one was relative electrical conductivity. These findings provide insights into a possible mechanism underlying MeJA-mediated salt stress alleviation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yuan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, Shandong, 250014, PR China
| | - Xue Liang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, Shandong, 250014, PR China
| | - Ying Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, Shandong, 250014, PR China
| | - Shanshan Yin
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, Shandong, 250014, PR China
| | - Baoshan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, Shandong, 250014, PR China
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33
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Zhang H, Zheng J, Su H, Xia K, Jian S, Zhang M. Molecular Cloning and Functional Characterization of the Dehydrin ( IpDHN) Gene From Ipomoea pes-caprae. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1454. [PMID: 30364314 PMCID: PMC6193111 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Dehydrin (DHN) genes can be rapidly induced to offset water deficit stresses in plants. Here, we reported on a dehydrin gene (IpDHN) related to salt tolerance isolated from Ipomoea pes-caprae L. (Convolvulaceae). The IpDHN protein shares a relatively high homology with Arabidopsis dehydrin ERD14 (At1g76180). IpDHN was shown to have a cytoplasmic localization pattern. Quantitative RT-PCR analyses indicated that IpDHN was differentially expressed in most organs of I. pes-caprae plants, and its expression level increased after salt, osmotic stress, oxidative stress, cold stress and ABA treatments. Analysis of the 974-bp promoter of IpDHN identified distinct cis-acting regulatory elements, including an MYB binding site (MBS), ABRE (ABA responding)-elements, Skn-1 motif, and TC-rich repeats. The induced expression of IpDHN in Escherichia coli indicated that IpDHN might be involved in salt, drought, osmotic, and oxidative stresses. We also generated transgenic Arabidopsis lines that over-expressed IpDHN. The transgenic Arabidopsis plants showed a significant enhancement in tolerance to salt/drought stresses, as well as less accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and the superoxide radical (O2 -), accompanied by increasing activity of the antioxidant enzyme system in vivo. Under osmotic stresses, the overexpression of IpDHN in Arabidopsis can elevate the expression of ROS-related and stress-responsive genes and can improve the ROS-scavenging ability. Our results indicated that IpDHN is involved in cellular responses to salt and drought through a series of pleiotropic effects that are likely involved in ROS scavenging and therefore influence the physiological processes of microorganisms and plants exposed to many abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiexuan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huaxiang Su
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kuaifei Xia
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuguang Jian
- Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Mei Zhang,
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Mahajan MM, Goyal E, Singh AK, Gaikwad K, Kanika K. Transcriptome dynamics provide insights into long-term salinity stress tolerance in Triticum aestivum cv. Kharchia Local. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 121:128-139. [PMID: 29102901 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Kharchia Local, a wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivar, is native to the saline-sodic soils of Pali district, Rajasthan, India and well known for its salinity stress tolerance. In the present study, we performed transcriptome sequencing to compare genome wide differential expression pattern between flag leaves of salinity stressed (15 EC) and control plants at anthesis stage. The 63.9 million paired end raw reads were assembled into 74,106 unigenes, of which, 3197 unigenes were found to be differentially expressed. Functional annotation analysis revealed the upregulation of genes associated with various biological processes including signal transduction, phytohormones signaling, osmoregulation, flavonoid biosynthesis, ion transport and ROS homeostasis. Expression pattern of fourteen differentially expressed genes was validated using qRT-PCR and was found to be consistent with the results of the transcriptome sequencing. Present study is the primary report on transcriptome profiling of Kharchia Local flag leaf under long-term salinity stress at anthesis stage. In conclusion, the data generated in this study can improve our knowledge in understanding the molecular mechanism of salinity stress tolerance. It will also serve as a valuable genomic resource in wheat breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh M Mahajan
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India; Biotechnology and Climate Change Laboratory, ICAR-NRC on Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Etika Goyal
- Biotechnology and Climate Change Laboratory, ICAR-NRC on Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Amit K Singh
- Biotechnology and Climate Change Laboratory, ICAR-NRC on Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Kishor Gaikwad
- Biotechnology and Climate Change Laboratory, ICAR-NRC on Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Kumar Kanika
- Biotechnology and Climate Change Laboratory, ICAR-NRC on Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110012, India.
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Chen R, Cheng Y, Han S, Van Handel B, Dong L, Li X, Xie X. Whole genome sequencing and comparative transcriptome analysis of a novel seawater adapted, salt-resistant rice cultivar - sea rice 86. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:655. [PMID: 28835208 PMCID: PMC5569538 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-4037-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rice (Oryza sativa) is critical for human nutrition worldwide. Due to a growing population, cultivars that produce high yields in high salinity soil are of major importance. Here we describe the discovery and molecular characterization of a novel sea water adapted rice strain, Sea Rice 86 (SR86). RESULTS SR86 can produce nutritious grains when grown in high salinity soil. Compared to a salt resistant rice cultivar, Yanfen 47 (YF47), SR86 grows in environments with up to 3X the salt content, and produces grains with significantly higher nutrient content in 12 measured components, including 2.9X calcium and 20X dietary fiber. Whole genome sequencing demonstrated that SR86 is a relatively ancient indica subspecies, phylogenetically close to the divergence point of the major rice varietals. SR86 has 12 chromosomes with a total genome size of 373,130,791 bps, slightly smaller than other sequenced rice genomes. Via comparison with 3000 rice genomes, we identified 42,359 putative unique, high impact variants in SR86. Transcriptome analysis of SR86 grown under normal and high saline conditions identified a large number of differentially expressed and salt-induced genes. Many of those genes fall into several gene families that have established or suggested roles in salt tolerance, while others represent potentially novel mediators of salt adaptation. CONCLUSIONS Whole genome sequencing and transcriptome analysis of SR86 has laid a foundation for further molecular characterization of several desirable traits in this novel rice cultivar. A number of candidate genes related to salt adaptation identified in this study will be valuable for further functional investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risheng Chen
- Wuhan Oceanrice International Biotech Co.,Ltd, 30 Rongzhong International building, High-tech Development Zone, No.889 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, FL 430074 China
| | - Yunfeng Cheng
- Wuhan Oceanrice International Biotech Co.,Ltd, 30 Rongzhong International building, High-tech Development Zone, No.889 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, FL 430074 China
| | - Suying Han
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ben Van Handel
- Owachomo Consulting, LLC, 1101 Laveta Terrace, Ste. 19, Los Angeles, CA 90026 USA
| | - Ling Dong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angels, 650 Charles Young Dr, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Xinmin Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angels, 650 Charles Young Dr, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Xiaoqing Xie
- Wuhan Oceanrice International Biotech Co.,Ltd, 30 Rongzhong International building, High-tech Development Zone, No.889 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, FL 430074 China
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Zhang X, Jiang H, Wang H, Cui J, Wang J, Hu J, Guo L, Qian Q, Xue D. Transcriptome Analysis of Rice Seedling Roots in Response to Potassium Deficiency. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5523. [PMID: 28717149 PMCID: PMC5514036 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05887-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice is one of the most important food crops in the world, and its growth, development, yield, and grain quality are susceptible to a deficiency of the macronutrient potassium (K+). The molecular mechanism for K+ deficiency tolerance remains poorly understood. In this study, K+ deficient conditions were employed to investigate the resulting changes in the transcriptome of rice seedling roots. Using ribonucleic acid sequencing (RNA-Seq) and analysis, a total of 805 differentially expressed genes were obtained, of which 536 genes were upregulated and 269 were downregulated. Gene functional classification showed that the expression of genes involved in nutrient transport, protein kinases, transcription processes, and plant hormones were particularly altered in the roots. Although these changes were significant, the expression of most genes remained constant even in K+-deficient conditions. Interestingly, when our RNA-Seq results were compared to public microarray data, we found that most of the genes that were differentially expressed in low K+ conditions also exhibited changes in expression in other environmental stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hua Jiang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Crop Germplasm and Biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Jun Cui
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiahui Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Longbiao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qian Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Dawei Xue
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.
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Dassanayake M, Larkin JC. Making Plants Break a Sweat: the Structure, Function, and Evolution of Plant Salt Glands. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:406. [PMID: 28400779 PMCID: PMC5368257 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress is a complex trait that poses a grand challenge in developing new crops better adapted to saline environments. Some plants, called recretohalophytes, that have naturally evolved to secrete excess salts through salt glands, offer an underexplored genetic resource for examining how plant development, anatomy, and physiology integrate to prevent excess salt from building up to toxic levels in plant tissue. In this review we examine the structure and evolution of salt glands, salt gland-specific gene expression, and the possibility that all salt glands have originated via evolutionary modifications of trichomes. Salt secretion via salt glands is found in more than 50 species in 14 angiosperm families distributed in caryophyllales, asterids, rosids, and grasses. The salt glands of these distantly related clades can be grouped into four structural classes. Although salt glands appear to have originated independently at least 12 times, they share convergently evolved features that facilitate salt compartmentalization and excretion. We review the structural diversity and evolution of salt glands, major transporters and proteins associated with salt transport and secretion in halophytes, salt gland relevant gene expression regulation, and the prospect for using new genomic and transcriptomic tools in combination with information from model organisms to better understand how salt glands contribute to salt tolerance. Finally, we consider the prospects for using this knowledge to engineer salt glands to increase salt tolerance in model species, and ultimately in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maheshi Dassanayake
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton RougeLA, USA
| | - John C. Larkin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton RougeLA, USA
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Pou A, Jeanguenin L, Milhiet T, Batoko H, Chaumont F, Hachez C. Salinity-mediated transcriptional and post-translational regulation of the Arabidopsis aquaporin PIP2;7. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 92:731-744. [PMID: 27671160 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-016-0542-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress triggers a simultaneous transcriptional repression and aquaporin internalization to modify root cell water conductivity. Plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs) are involved in the adjustment of plant water balance in response to changing environmental conditions. In this study, Arabidopsis wild-type (Col-0) and transgenic lines overexpressing PIP2;7 were used to investigate and compare their response to salt stress. Hydraulic conductivity measurements using a high-pressure flowmeter (HPFM) revealed that overexpression of PIP2;7 induced a sixfold increase in root hydraulic conductivity of four week-old Arabidopsis thaliana plants compared to WT. Exposure to a high salt stress (150 mM NaCl) triggered a rapid repression of overall aquaporin activity in both genotypes. Response to salt stress was also investigated in 8 day-old seedlings. Exposure to salt led to a repression of PIP2;7 promoter activity and a significant decrease in PIP2;7 mRNA abundance within 2 h. Concomitantly, a rapid internalization of fluorescently-tagged PIP2;7 proteins was observed but removal from the cell membrane was not accompanied by further degradation of the protein within 4 h of exposure to salinity stress. These data suggest that PIP transcriptional repression and channel internalization act in concert during salt stress conditions to modulate aquaporin activity, thereby significantly altering the plant hydraulic parameters in the short term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Pou
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 4-L7.07.14, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Linda Jeanguenin
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 4-L7.07.14, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Thomas Milhiet
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 4-L7.07.14, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Henri Batoko
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 4-L7.07.14, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - François Chaumont
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 4-L7.07.14, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Charles Hachez
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 4-L7.07.14, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
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Gharat SA, Parmar S, Tambat S, Vasudevan M, Shaw BP. Transcriptome Analysis of the Response to NaCl in Suaeda maritima Provides an Insight into Salt Tolerance Mechanisms in Halophytes. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163485. [PMID: 27682829 PMCID: PMC5040429 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Although salt tolerance is a feature representative of halophytes, most studies on this topic in plants have been conducted on glycophytes. Transcriptome profiles are also available for only a limited number of halophytes. Hence, the present study was conducted to understand the molecular basis of salt tolerance through the transcriptome profiling of the halophyte Suaeda maritima, which is an emerging plant model for research on salt tolerance. Illumina sequencing revealed 72,588 clustered transcripts, including 27,434 that were annotated using BLASTX. Salt application resulted in the 2-fold or greater upregulation of 647 genes and downregulation of 735 genes. Of these, 391 proteins were homologous to proteins in the COGs (cluster of orthologous groups) database, and the majorities were grouped into the poorly characterized category. Approximately 50% of the genes assigned to MapMan pathways showed homology to S. maritima. The majority of such genes represented transcription factors. Several genes also contributed to cell wall and carbohydrate metabolism, ion relation, redox responses and G protein, phosphoinositide and hormone signaling. Real-time PCR was used to validate the results of the deep sequencing for the most of the genes. This study demonstrates the expression of protein kinase C, the target of diacylglycerol in phosphoinositide signaling, for the first time in plants. This study further reveals that the biochemical and molecular responses occurring at several levels are associated with salt tolerance in S. maritima. At the structural level, adaptations to high salinity levels include the remodeling of cell walls and the modification of membrane lipids. At the cellular level, the accumulation of glycinebetaine and the sequestration and exclusion of Na+ appear to be important. Moreover, this study also shows that the processes related to salt tolerance might be highly complex, as reflected by the salt-induced enhancement of transcription factor expression, including hormone-responsive factors, and that this process might be initially triggered by G protein and phosphoinositide signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Ashruba Gharat
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, 751023, Odisha, India
| | - Shaifaly Parmar
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, 751023, Odisha, India
| | - Subodh Tambat
- Bionivid Technology Private Limited, 3rd Floor, 4C-209, 4th Cross, Near New Horizon College, Kasturi Nagar, Bangalore, 560043, Karnataka, India
| | - Madavan Vasudevan
- Bionivid Technology Private Limited, 3rd Floor, 4C-209, 4th Cross, Near New Horizon College, Kasturi Nagar, Bangalore, 560043, Karnataka, India
| | - Birendra Prasad Shaw
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, 751023, Odisha, India
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Yuan F, Leng B, Wang B. Progress in Studying Salt Secretion from the Salt Glands in Recretohalophytes: How Do Plants Secrete Salt? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:977. [PMID: 27446195 PMCID: PMC4927796 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
To survive in a saline environment, halophytes have evolved many strategies to resist salt stress. The salt glands of recretohalophytes are exceptional features for directly secreting salt out of a plant. Knowledge of the pathway(s) of salt secretion in relation to the function of salt glands may help us to change the salt-tolerance of crops and to cultivate the extensive saline lands that are available. Recently, ultrastructural studies of salt glands and the mechanism of salt secretion, particularly the candidate genes involved in salt secretion, have been illustrated in detail. In this review, we summarize current researches on salt gland structure, salt secretion mechanism and candidate genes involved, and provide an overview of the salt secretion pathway and the asymmetric ion transport of the salt gland. A new model recretohalophyte is also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Baoshan Wang
- Key Lab of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal UniversityJi’nan, China
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41
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Yuan F, Lyu MJA, Leng BY, Zhu XG, Wang BS. The transcriptome of NaCl-treated Limonium bicolor leaves reveals the genes controlling salt secretion of salt gland. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 91:241-56. [PMID: 26936070 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-016-0460-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Limonium bicolor, a typical recretohalophyte that lives in saline environments, excretes excessive salt to the environment through epidermal salt glands to avoid salt stress. The aim of this study was to screen for L. bicolor genes involved in salt secretion by high-throughput RNA sequencing. We established the experimental procedure of salt secretion using detached mature leaves, in which the optimal salt concentration was determined as 200 mM NaCl. The detached salt secretion system combined with Illumina deep sequencing were applied. In total, 27,311 genes were annotated using an L. bicolor database, and 2040 of these genes were differentially expressed, of which 744 were up-regulated and 1260 were down-regulated with the NaCl versus the control treatment. A gene ontology enrichment analysis indicated that genes related to ion transport, vesicles, reactive oxygen species scavenging, the abscisic acid-dependent signaling pathway and transcription factors were found to be highly expressed under NaCl treatment. We found that 102 of these genes were likely to be involved in salt secretion, which was confirmed using salt-secretion mutants. The present study identifies the candidate genes in the L. bicolor salt gland that are highly associated with salt secretion. In addition, a salt-transporting pathway is presented to explain how Na(+) is excreted by the salt gland in L. bicolor. These findings will shed light on the molecular mechanism of salt secretion from the salt glands of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yuan
- Key Lab of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Ming-Ju Amy Lyu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Bing-Ying Leng
- Key Lab of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Xin-Guang Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Bao-Shan Wang
- Key Lab of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China.
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Udawat P, Jha RK, Sinha D, Mishra A, Jha B. Overexpression of a Cytosolic Abiotic Stress Responsive Universal Stress Protein (SbUSP) Mitigates Salt and Osmotic Stress in Transgenic Tobacco Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:518. [PMID: 27148338 PMCID: PMC4838607 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The universal stress protein (USP) is a ubiquitous protein and plays an indispensable role in plant abiotic stress tolerance. The genome of Salicornia brachiata contains two homologs of intron less SbUSP gene which encodes for salt and osmotic responsive USP. In vivo localization reveals that SbUSP is a membrane bound cytosolic protein. The role of the gene was functionally validated by developing transgenic tobacco and compared with control [wild-type (WT) and vector control (VC)] plants under different abiotic stress condition. Transgenic lines (T1) exhibited higher chlorophyll, relative water, proline, total sugar, reducing sugar, free amino acids, polyphenol contents, osmotic potential, membrane stability, and lower electrolyte leakage and lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde content) under stress treatments than control (WT and VC) plants. Lower accumulation of H2O2 and [Formula: see text] radicals was also detected in transgenic lines compared to control plants under stress conditions. Present study confers that overexpression of the SbUSP gene enhances plant growth, alleviates ROS buildup, maintains ion homeostasis and improves the physiological status of the plant under salt and osmotic stresses. Principal component analysis exhibited a statistical distinction of plant response to salinity stress, and a significant response was observed for transgenic lines under stress, which provides stress endurance to the plant. A possible signaling role is proposed that some downstream genes may get activated by abiotic stress responsive cytosolic SbUSP, which leads to the protection of cell from oxidative damages. The study unveils that ectopic expression of the gene mitigates salt or osmotic stress by scavenging ROS and modulating the physiological process of the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushpika Udawat
- Marine Biotechnology and Ecology Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research InstituteBhavnagar, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Council of Scientific and Industrial ResearchNew Delhi, India
| | - Rajesh K. Jha
- Marine Biotechnology and Ecology Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research InstituteBhavnagar, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Council of Scientific and Industrial ResearchNew Delhi, India
| | - Dinkar Sinha
- Marine Biotechnology and Ecology Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research InstituteBhavnagar, India
| | - Avinash Mishra
- Marine Biotechnology and Ecology Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research InstituteBhavnagar, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Council of Scientific and Industrial ResearchNew Delhi, India
| | - Bhavanath Jha
- Marine Biotechnology and Ecology Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research InstituteBhavnagar, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Council of Scientific and Industrial ResearchNew Delhi, India
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Tanaka H, Hirakawa H, Kosugi S, Nakayama S, Ono A, Watanabe A, Hashiguchi M, Gondo T, Ishigaki G, Muguerza M, Shimizu K, Sawamura N, Inoue T, Shigeki Y, Ohno N, Tabata S, Akashi R, Sato S. Sequencing and comparative analyses of the genomes of zoysiagrasses. DNA Res 2016; 23:171-80. [PMID: 26975196 PMCID: PMC4833424 DOI: 10.1093/dnares/dsw006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Zoysia is a warm-season turfgrass, which comprises 11 allotetraploid species (2n = 4x = 40), each possessing different morphological and physiological traits. To characterize the genetic systems of Zoysia plants and to analyse their structural and functional differences in individual species and accessions, we sequenced the genomes of Zoysia species using HiSeq and MiSeq platforms. As a reference sequence of Zoysia species, we generated a high-quality draft sequence of the genome of Z. japonica accession ‘Nagirizaki’ (334 Mb) in which 59,271 protein-coding genes were predicted. In parallel, draft genome sequences of Z. matrella ‘Wakaba’ and Z. pacifica ‘Zanpa’ were also generated for comparative analyses. To investigate the genetic diversity among the Zoysia species, genome sequence reads of three additional accessions, Z. japonica ‘Kyoto’, Z. japonica ‘Miyagi’ and Z. matrella ‘Chiba Fair Green’, were accumulated, and aligned against the reference genome of ‘Nagirizaki’ along with those from ‘Wakaba’ and ‘Zanpa’. As a result, we detected 7,424,163 single-nucleotide polymorphisms and 852,488 short indels among these species. The information obtained in this study will be valuable for basic studies on zoysiagrass evolution and genetics as well as for the breeding of zoysiagrasses, and is made available in the ‘Zoysia Genome Database’ at http://zoysia.kazusa.or.jp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenori Tanaka
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-Nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Hideki Hirakawa
- Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Shunichi Kosugi
- Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Shinobu Nakayama
- Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Akiko Ono
- Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Akiko Watanabe
- Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Hashiguchi
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-Nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Takahiro Gondo
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-Nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Genki Ishigaki
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-Nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Melody Muguerza
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-Nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Katsuya Shimizu
- Plant Technology Group, Biotechnology & Afforestation Laboratory, New Business Planning Division, Toyota Motor Corporation, 1099 Marune, Kurozasa-cho, Miyoshi, Aichi 470-0201, Japan
| | - Noriko Sawamura
- Plant Technology Group, Biotechnology & Afforestation Laboratory, New Business Planning Division, Toyota Motor Corporation, 1099 Marune, Kurozasa-cho, Miyoshi, Aichi 470-0201, Japan
| | - Takayasu Inoue
- Fuji Chemical Co., Ltd., 3-2-33 Higashi-nodamachi, Miyakojima-ku, Osaka 534-0024, Japan
| | - Yuichi Shigeki
- Fuji Chemical Co., Ltd., 3-2-33 Higashi-nodamachi, Miyakojima-ku, Osaka 534-0024, Japan
| | - Naoki Ohno
- Fuji Chemical Co., Ltd., 3-2-33 Higashi-nodamachi, Miyakojima-ku, Osaka 534-0024, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tabata
- Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Ryo Akashi
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-Nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Shusei Sato
- Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
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Udawat P, Jha RK, Sinha D, Mishra A, Jha B. Overexpression of a Cytosolic Abiotic Stress Responsive Universal Stress Protein (SbUSP) Mitigates Salt and Osmotic Stress in Transgenic Tobacco Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016. [PMID: 27148338 DOI: 10.3389/flps.2016.00518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The universal stress protein (USP) is a ubiquitous protein and plays an indispensable role in plant abiotic stress tolerance. The genome of Salicornia brachiata contains two homologs of intron less SbUSP gene which encodes for salt and osmotic responsive USP. In vivo localization reveals that SbUSP is a membrane bound cytosolic protein. The role of the gene was functionally validated by developing transgenic tobacco and compared with control [wild-type (WT) and vector control (VC)] plants under different abiotic stress condition. Transgenic lines (T1) exhibited higher chlorophyll, relative water, proline, total sugar, reducing sugar, free amino acids, polyphenol contents, osmotic potential, membrane stability, and lower electrolyte leakage and lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde content) under stress treatments than control (WT and VC) plants. Lower accumulation of H2O2 and [Formula: see text] radicals was also detected in transgenic lines compared to control plants under stress conditions. Present study confers that overexpression of the SbUSP gene enhances plant growth, alleviates ROS buildup, maintains ion homeostasis and improves the physiological status of the plant under salt and osmotic stresses. Principal component analysis exhibited a statistical distinction of plant response to salinity stress, and a significant response was observed for transgenic lines under stress, which provides stress endurance to the plant. A possible signaling role is proposed that some downstream genes may get activated by abiotic stress responsive cytosolic SbUSP, which leads to the protection of cell from oxidative damages. The study unveils that ectopic expression of the gene mitigates salt or osmotic stress by scavenging ROS and modulating the physiological process of the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushpika Udawat
- Marine Biotechnology and Ecology Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research InstituteBhavnagar, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Council of Scientific and Industrial ResearchNew Delhi, India
| | - Rajesh K Jha
- Marine Biotechnology and Ecology Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research InstituteBhavnagar, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Council of Scientific and Industrial ResearchNew Delhi, India
| | - Dinkar Sinha
- Marine Biotechnology and Ecology Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute Bhavnagar, India
| | - Avinash Mishra
- Marine Biotechnology and Ecology Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research InstituteBhavnagar, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Council of Scientific and Industrial ResearchNew Delhi, India
| | - Bhavanath Jha
- Marine Biotechnology and Ecology Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research InstituteBhavnagar, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Council of Scientific and Industrial ResearchNew Delhi, India
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