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Zhou M, Yuan Y, Lin J, Lin L, Zhou J, Li Z. γ-Aminobutyric Acid Priming Alleviates Acid-Aluminum Toxicity to Creeping Bentgrass by Regulating Metabolic Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14309. [PMID: 37762612 PMCID: PMC10532299 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) toxicity is a major limiting factor for plant growth and crop production in acidic soils. This study aims to investigate the effects of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) priming on mitigating acid-Al toxicity to creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) associated with changes in plant growth, photosynthetic parameters, antioxidant defense, key metabolites, and genes related to organic acids metabolism. Thirty-seven-old plants were primed with or without 0.5 mM GABA for three days and then subjected to acid-Al stress (5 mmol/L AlCl3·6H2O, pH 4.35) for fifteen days. The results showed that acid-Al stress significantly increased the accumulation of Al and also restricted aboveground and underground growths, photosynthesis, photochemical efficiency, and osmotic balance, which could be effectively alleviated by GABA priming. The application of GABA significantly activated antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase, to reduce oxidative damage to cells under acid-Al stress. Metabolomics analysis demonstrated that the GABA pretreatment significantly induced the accumulation of many metabolites such as quinic acid, pyruvic acid, shikimic acid, glycine, threonine, erythrose, glucose-6-phosphate, galactose, kestose, threitol, ribitol, glycerol, putrescine, galactinol, and myo-inositol associated with osmotic, antioxidant, and metabolic homeostases under acid-Al stress. In addition, the GABA priming significantly up-regulated genes related to the transportation of malic acid and citric acid in leaves in response to acid-Al stress. Current findings indicated GABA-induced tolerance to acid-Al stress in relation to scavenging of reactive oxygen species, osmotic adjustment, and accumulation and transport of organic metabolites in leaves. Exogenous GABA priming could improve the phytoremediation potential of perennial creeping bentgrass for the restoration of Al-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Zhou Li
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (M.Z.); (Y.Y.); (L.L.); (J.Z.)
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Owusu AG, Lv YP, Liu M, Wu Y, Li CL, Guo N, Li DH, Gao JS. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses reveal the potential mechanism of waterlogging resistance in cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1088537. [PMID: 37409297 PMCID: PMC10319419 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1088537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is susceptible to long-term waterlogging stress; however, genomic information of cotton response mechanisms toward long days of waterlogging is quite elusive. Methods Here, we combined the transcriptome and metabolome expression level changes in cotton roots after 10 and 20 days of waterlogging stress treatment pertaining to potential resistance mechanisms in two cotton genotypes. Results and discussion Numerous adventitious roots and hypertrophic lenticels were induced in CJ1831056 and CJ1831072. Transcriptome analysis revealed 101,599 differentially expressed genes in cotton roots with higher gene expression after 20 days of stress. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generating genes, antioxidant enzyme genes, and transcription factor genes (AP2, MYB, WRKY, and bZIP) were highly responsive to waterlogging stress among the two genotypes. Metabolomics results showed higher expressions of stress-resistant metabolites sinapyl alcohol, L-glutamic acid, galactaric acid, glucose 1-phosphate, L-valine, L-asparagine, and melibiose in CJ1831056 than CJ1831072. Differentially expressed metabolites (adenosine, galactaric acid, sinapyl alcohol, L-valine, L-asparagine, and melibiose) significantly correlated with the differentially expressed PRX52, PER1, PER64, and BGLU11 transcripts. This investigation reveals genes for targeted genetic engineering to improve waterlogging stress resistance to enhance abiotic stress regulatory mechanisms in cotton at the transcript and metabolic levels of study.
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Kim G, Sung J. Transcriptional Expression of Nitrogen Metabolism Genes and Primary Metabolic Variations in Rice Affected by Different Water Status. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1649. [PMID: 37111873 PMCID: PMC10140879 DOI: 10.3390/plants12081649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The era of climate change strongly requires higher efficiency of energies, such as light, water, nutrients, etc., during crop production. Rice is the world's greatest water-consuming plant, and, thus, water-saving practices such as alternative wetting and drying (AWD) are widely recommended worldwide. However the AWD still has concerns such as lower tillering, shallow rooting, and an unexpected water deficit. The AWD is a possibility to not only save water consumption but also utilize various nitrogen forms from the soil. The current study tried to investigate the transcriptional expression of genes in relation to the acquisition-transportation-assimilation process of nitrogen using qRT-PCR at the tillering and heading stages and to profile tissue-specific primary metabolites. We employed two water supply systems, continuous flooding (CF) and alternative wetting and drying (AWD), during rice growth (seeding to heading). The AWD system is effective at acquiring soil nitrate; however, nitrogen assimilation was predominant in the root during the shift from the vegetative to the reproductive stage. In addition, as a result of the greater amino acids in the shoot, the AWD was likely to rearrange amino acid pools to produce proteins in accordance with phase transition. Accordingly, it is suggested that the AWD 1) actively acquired nitrate from soil and 2) resulted in an abundance of amino acid pools, which are considered a rearrangement under limited N availability. Based on the current study, further steps are necessary to evaluate form-dependent N metabolism and root development under the AWD condition and a possible practice in the rice production system.
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Perlikowski D, Skirycz A, Marczak Ł, Lechowicz K, Augustyniak A, Michaelis Ä, Kosmala A. Metabolism of crown tissue is crucial for drought tolerance and recovery after stress cessation in Lolium/Festuca forage grasses. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:396-414. [PMID: 36214776 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A process of plant recovery after drought cessation is a complex trait which has not been fully recognized. The most important organ associated with this phenomenon in monocots, including forage grasses, is the crown tissue located between shoots and roots. The crown tissue is a meristematic crossroads for metabolites and other compounds between these two plant organs. Here, for the first time, we present a metabolomic and lipidomic study focused on the crown tissue under drought and recovery in forage grasses, important for agriculture in European temperate regions. The plant materials involve high (HDT) and low drought-tolerant (LDT) genotypes of Festuca arundinacea, and Lolium multiflorum/F. arundinacea introgression forms. The obtained results clearly demonstrated that remodeling patterns of the primary metabolome and lipidome in the crown under drought and recovery were different between HDT and LDT plants. Furthermore, HDT plants accumulated higher contents of primary metabolites under drought in the crown tissue, especially carbohydrates which could function as osmoprotectants and storage materials. On the other hand, LDT plants characterized by higher membranes damage under drought, simultaneously accumulated membrane phospholipids in the crown and possessed the capacity to recover their metabolic functions after stress cessation to the levels observed in HDT plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawid Perlikowski
- Plant Physiology Team, Institute of Plant Genetics Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, Poznan 60-479, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Skirycz
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Boyce Thompson Institute, 533 Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Łukasz Marczak
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, Poznan 61-704, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Lechowicz
- Plant Physiology Team, Institute of Plant Genetics Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, Poznan 60-479, Poland
| | - Adam Augustyniak
- Plant Physiology Team, Institute of Plant Genetics Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, Poznan 60-479, Poland
- Centre for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, Poznan 61-614, Poland
| | - Änna Michaelis
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Arkadiusz Kosmala
- Plant Physiology Team, Institute of Plant Genetics Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, Poznan 60-479, Poland
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Perlikowski D, Lechowicz K, Pawłowicz I, Arasimowicz-Jelonek M, Kosmala A. Scavenging of nitric oxide up-regulates photosynthesis under drought in Festuca arundinacea and F. glaucescens but reduces their drought tolerance. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6500. [PMID: 35444199 PMCID: PMC9021232 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10299-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) has been proven to be involved in the regulation of many physiological processes in plants. Though the contribution of NO in plant response to drought has been demonstrated in numerous studies, this phenomenon remains still not fully recognized. The research presented here was performed to decipher the role of NO metabolism in drought tolerance and the ability to recover after stress cessation in two closely related species of forage grasses, important for agriculture in European temperate regions: Festuca arundinacea and F. glaucescens. In both species, two genotypes with distinct levels of drought tolerance were selected to compare their physiological reactions to simulated water deficit and further re-watering, combined with a simultaneous application of NO scavenger, 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (PTIO). The results clearly indicated a strong relationship between scavenging of NO in leaves and physiological response of both analyzed grass species to water deficit and re-watering. It was revealed that NO generated under drought was mainly located in mesophyll cells. In plants with reduced NO level a higher photosynthetic capacity and delay in stomatal closure under drought, were observed. Moreover, NO scavenging resulted also in the increased membrane permeability and higher accumulation of ROS in cells of analyzed plants both under drought and re-watering. This phenomena indicate that lower NO level might reduce drought tolerance and the ability of F. arundinacea and F. glaucescens to recover after stress cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawid Perlikowski
- Plant Physiology Team, Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 60-479, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Lechowicz
- Plant Physiology Team, Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 60-479, Poznan, Poland
| | - Izabela Pawłowicz
- Plant Physiology Team, Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 60-479, Poznan, Poland
| | - Magdalena Arasimowicz-Jelonek
- Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Kosmala
- Plant Physiology Team, Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 60-479, Poznan, Poland
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Alves da Silva A, Oliveira Silva C, do Rosario Rosa V, Silva Santos MF, Naomi Kuki K, Dal-Bianco M, Delmond Bueno R, Alves de Oliveira J, Santos Brito D, Costa AC, Ribeiro C. Metabolic adjustment and regulation of gene expression are essential for increased resistance to severe water deficit and resilience post-stress in soybean. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13118. [PMID: 35321407 PMCID: PMC8935993 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Soybean is the main oilseed crop grown in the world; however, drought stress affects its growth and physiology, reducing its yield. The objective of this study was to characterize the physiological, metabolic, and genetic aspects that determine differential resistance to water deficit in soybean genotypes. Methods Three soybean genotypes were used in this study, two lineages (L11644 and L13241), and one cultivar (EMBRAPA 48-C48). Plants were grown in pots containing 8 kg of a mixture of soil and sand (2:1) in a greenhouse under sunlight. Soil moisture in the pots was maintained at field capacity until the plants reached the stage of development V4 (third fully expanded leaf). At this time, plants were subjected to three water treatments: Well-Watered (WW) (plants kept under daily irrigation); Water Deficit (WD) (withholding irrigation until plants reached the leaf water potential at predawn of -1.5 ± 0.2 MPa); Rewatered (RW) (plants rehydrated for three days after reached the water deficit). The WW and WD water treatments were evaluated on the eighth day for genotypes L11644 and C48, and on the tenth day for L13241, after interruption of irrigation. For the three genotypes, the treatment RW was evaluated after three days of resumption of irrigation. Physiological, metabolic and gene expression analyses were performed. Results Water deficit inhibited growth and gas exchange in all genotypes. The accumulation of osmolytes and the concentrations of chlorophylls and abscisic acid (ABA) were higher in L13241 under stress. The metabolic adjustment of lineages in response to WD occurred in order to accumulate amino acids, carbohydrates, and polyamines in leaves. The expression of genes involved in drought resistance responses was more strongly induced in L13241. In general, rehydration provided recovery of plants to similar conditions of control treatment. Although the C48 and L11644 genotypes have shown some tolerance and resilience responses to severe water deficit, greater efficiency was observed in the L13241 genotype through adjustments in morphological, physiological, genetic and metabolic characteristics that are combined in the same plant. This study contributes to the advancement in the knowledge about the resistance to drought in cultivated plants and provides bases for the genetic improvement of the soybean culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adinan Alves da Silva
- Ecophysiology and Plant Productivity Laboratory, Instituto Federal Goiano-Campus Rio Verde, Rio Verde, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Cíntia Oliveira Silva
- Department of General Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | - Kacilda Naomi Kuki
- Department of Agronomy, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maximiller Dal-Bianco
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rafael Delmond Bueno
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Danielle Santos Brito
- Department of General Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alan Carlos Costa
- Ecophysiology and Plant Productivity Laboratory, Instituto Federal Goiano-Campus Rio Verde, Rio Verde, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Cleberson Ribeiro
- Department of General Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Sun X, Guo Z, Jiang Y, Qin L, Shi Z, Dong L, Xiong L, Yuan R, Deng W, Wu H, Liu Q, Xie F, Chen Y. Differential Metabolomic Responses of Kentucky Bluegrass Cultivars to Low Nitrogen Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:808772. [PMID: 35154204 PMCID: PMC8831703 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.808772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) is a cool-season turfgrass species that responds strongly to nitrogen (N), but the metabolomic responses of this grass species to N supply is unknown. The N-tolerant cultivar Bluemoon and N-sensitive cultivar Balin were exposed to normal N (15 mM) and low N (0.5 mM) for 21 days for identification of differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) between normal N and low N treatments. Balin had more reductions of chlorophyll and total soluble protein concentrations and a higher accumulation of superoxide radicals under low N stress. A total of 99 known DEMs were identified in either cultivar or both including 22 amino acids and derivatives, 16 carbohydrates, 29 organic acids, and 32 other metabolites. In Bluemoon, β-alanine metabolism was most enriched, followed by alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism, biosynthesis of valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis, and glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism. In Balin, alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism were most enriched, followed by the tricarboxylic acid (TCA), glyoxylate and decarbohydrate metabolism, and carbon fixation. Bluemoon generally maintained higher TCA cycle capacity and had more downregulated amino acids, while changes in more organic acids occurred in Balin under low N stress. Some metabolite changes by low-N stress were cultivar-specific. The results suggested that regulation of metabolites related to energy production or energy saving could contribute to low N tolerance in Kentucky bluegrass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhixin Guo
- College of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yiwei Jiang
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Ligang Qin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhenjie Shi
- College of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lili Dong
- College of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Liangbing Xiong
- College of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Runli Yuan
- College of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenjing Deng
- College of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Hanfu Wu
- College of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Qingqing Liu
- College of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Fuchun Xie
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Fuchun Xie,
| | - Yajun Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- College of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Yajun Chen,
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Augustyniak A, Pawłowicz I, Lechowicz K, Izbiańska-Jankowska K, Arasimowicz-Jelonek M, Rapacz M, Perlikowski D, Kosmala A. Freezing Tolerance of Lolium multiflorum/Festuca arundinacea Introgression Forms is Associated with the High Activity of Antioxidant System and Adjustment of Photosynthetic Activity under Cold Acclimation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165899. [PMID: 32824486 PMCID: PMC7460622 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Though winter-hardiness is a complex trait, freezing tolerance was proved to be its main component. Species from temperate regions acquire tolerance to freezing in a process of cold acclimation, which is associated with the exposure of plants to low but non-freezing temperatures. However, mechanisms of cold acclimation in Lolium-Festuca grasses, important for forage production in Europe, have not been fully recognized. Thus, two L. multiflorum/F. arundinacea introgression forms with distinct freezing tolerance were used herein as models in the comprehensive research to dissect these mechanisms in that group of plants. The work was focused on: (i) analysis of cellular membranes' integrity; (ii) analysis of plant photosynthetic capacity (chlorophyll fluorescence; gas exchange; gene expression, protein accumulation, and activity of selected enzymes of the Calvin cycle); (iii) analysis of plant antioxidant capacity (reactive oxygen species generation; gene expression, protein accumulation, and activity of selected enzymes); and (iv) analysis of Cor14b accumulation, under cold acclimation. The more freezing tolerant introgression form revealed a higher integrity of membranes, an ability to cold acclimate its photosynthetic apparatus and higher water use efficiency after three weeks of cold acclimation, as well as a higher capacity of the antioxidant system and a lower content of reactive oxygen species in low temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Augustyniak
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479 Poznań, Poland; (A.A.); (I.P.); (K.L.); (D.P.)
| | - Izabela Pawłowicz
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479 Poznań, Poland; (A.A.); (I.P.); (K.L.); (D.P.)
| | - Katarzyna Lechowicz
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479 Poznań, Poland; (A.A.); (I.P.); (K.L.); (D.P.)
| | - Karolina Izbiańska-Jankowska
- Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (K.I.-J.); (M.A.-J.)
| | - Magdalena Arasimowicz-Jelonek
- Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (K.I.-J.); (M.A.-J.)
| | - Marcin Rapacz
- Department of Plant Breeding, Physiology and Seed Science, University of Agriculture in Kraków, Podłużna 3, 30-239 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Dawid Perlikowski
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479 Poznań, Poland; (A.A.); (I.P.); (K.L.); (D.P.)
| | - Arkadiusz Kosmala
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479 Poznań, Poland; (A.A.); (I.P.); (K.L.); (D.P.)
- Correspondence:
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Lechowicz K, Pawłowicz I, Perlikowski D, Arasimowicz-Jelonek M, Blicharz S, Skirycz A, Augustyniak A, Malinowski R, Rapacz M, Kosmala A. Adjustment of Photosynthetic and Antioxidant Activities to Water Deficit Is Crucial in the Drought Tolerance of Lolium multiflorum/Festuca arundinacea Introgression Forms. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165639. [PMID: 32781659 PMCID: PMC7460672 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Lolium multiflorum/Festuca arundinacea introgression forms have been proved several times to be good models to identify key components of grass metabolism involved in the mechanisms of tolerance to water deficit. Here, for the first time, a relationship between photosynthetic and antioxidant capacities with respect to drought tolerance of these forms was analyzed in detail. Two closely related L. multiflorum/F. arundinacea introgression forms distinct in their ability to re-grow after cessation of prolonged water deficit in the field were selected and subjected to short-term drought in pots to dissect precisely mechanisms of drought tolerance in this group of plants. The studies revealed that the form with higher drought tolerance was characterized by earlier and higher accumulation of abscisic acid, more stable cellular membranes, and more balanced reactive oxygen species metabolism associated with a higher capacity of the antioxidant system under drought conditions. On the other hand, both introgression forms revealed the same levels of stomatal conductance, CO2 assimilation, and consequently, intrinsic water use efficiency under drought and recovery conditions. However, simultaneous higher adjustment of the Calvin cycle to water deficit and reduced CO2 availability, with respect to the accumulation and activity of plastid fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase, were clearly visible in the form with higher drought tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Lechowicz
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479 Poznań, Poland; (K.L.); (D.P.); (S.B.); (A.A.); (R.M.); (A.K.)
| | - Izabela Pawłowicz
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479 Poznań, Poland; (K.L.); (D.P.); (S.B.); (A.A.); (R.M.); (A.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Dawid Perlikowski
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479 Poznań, Poland; (K.L.); (D.P.); (S.B.); (A.A.); (R.M.); (A.K.)
| | - Magdalena Arasimowicz-Jelonek
- Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Sara Blicharz
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479 Poznań, Poland; (K.L.); (D.P.); (S.B.); (A.A.); (R.M.); (A.K.)
| | - Aleksandra Skirycz
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany;
| | - Adam Augustyniak
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479 Poznań, Poland; (K.L.); (D.P.); (S.B.); (A.A.); (R.M.); (A.K.)
| | - Robert Malinowski
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479 Poznań, Poland; (K.L.); (D.P.); (S.B.); (A.A.); (R.M.); (A.K.)
| | - Marcin Rapacz
- Department of Plant Breeding, Physiology and Seed Science, University of Agriculture in Kraków, Podłużna 3, 30-239 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Arkadiusz Kosmala
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479 Poznań, Poland; (K.L.); (D.P.); (S.B.); (A.A.); (R.M.); (A.K.)
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Sardans J, Gargallo-Garriga A, Urban O, Klem K, Walker TW, Holub P, Janssens IA, Peñuelas J. Ecometabolomics for a Better Understanding of Plant Responses and Acclimation to Abiotic Factors Linked to Global Change. Metabolites 2020; 10:E239. [PMID: 32527044 PMCID: PMC7345909 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10060239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of ecometabolomic studies, which use metabolomic analyses to disentangle organisms' metabolic responses and acclimation to a changing environment, has grown exponentially in recent years. Here, we review the results and conclusions of ecometabolomic studies on the impacts of four main drivers of global change (increasing frequencies of drought episodes, heat stress, increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations and increasing nitrogen (N) loads) on plant metabolism. Ecometabolomic studies of drought effects confirmed findings of previous target studies, in which most changes in metabolism are characterized by increased concentrations of soluble sugars and carbohydrate derivatives and frequently also by elevated concentrations of free amino acids. Secondary metabolites, especially flavonoids and terpenes, also commonly exhibited increased concentrations when drought intensified. Under heat and increasing N loads, soluble amino acids derived from glutamate and glutamine were the most responsive metabolites. Foliar metabolic responses to elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations were dominated by greater production of monosaccharides and associated synthesis of secondary metabolites, such as terpenes, rather than secondary metabolites synthesized along longer sugar pathways involving N-rich precursor molecules, such as those formed from cyclic amino acids and along the shikimate pathway. We suggest that breeding for crop genotypes tolerant to drought and heat stress should be based on their capacity to increase the concentrations of C-rich compounds more than the concentrations of smaller N-rich molecules, such as amino acids. This could facilitate rapid and efficient stress response by reducing protein catabolism without compromising enzymatic capacity or increasing the requirement for re-transcription and de novo biosynthesis of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Sardans
- Spain National Research Council (CSIC), Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (A.G.-G.); (J.P.)
- Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF) Institute, 08193 Cerdanyola del vallès, Spain
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, CZ-60300 Brno, Czech Republic; (O.U.); (K.K.); (P.H.)
| | - Albert Gargallo-Garriga
- Spain National Research Council (CSIC), Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (A.G.-G.); (J.P.)
- Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF) Institute, 08193 Cerdanyola del vallès, Spain
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, CZ-60300 Brno, Czech Republic; (O.U.); (K.K.); (P.H.)
| | - Otmar Urban
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, CZ-60300 Brno, Czech Republic; (O.U.); (K.K.); (P.H.)
| | - Karel Klem
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, CZ-60300 Brno, Czech Republic; (O.U.); (K.K.); (P.H.)
| | - Tom W.N. Walker
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland;
| | - Petr Holub
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, CZ-60300 Brno, Czech Republic; (O.U.); (K.K.); (P.H.)
| | - Ivan A. Janssens
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium;
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- Spain National Research Council (CSIC), Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (A.G.-G.); (J.P.)
- Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF) Institute, 08193 Cerdanyola del vallès, Spain
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, CZ-60300 Brno, Czech Republic; (O.U.); (K.K.); (P.H.)
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Two Festuca Species- F. arundinacea and F. glaucescens-Differ in the Molecular Response to Drought, While Their Physiological Response Is Similar. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093174. [PMID: 32365894 PMCID: PMC7246586 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Impact of photosynthetic and antioxidant capacities on drought tolerance of two closely related forage grasses, Festuca arundinacea and Festuca glaucescens, was deciphered. Within each species, two genotypes distinct in drought tolerance were subjected to a short-term drought, followed by a subsequent re-watering. The studies were focused on: (i) analysis of plant physiological performance, including: water uptake, abscisic acid (ABA) content, membrane integrity, gas exchange, and relative water content in leaf tissue; (ii) analysis of plant photosynthetic capacity (chlorophyll fluorescence; gene expression, protein accumulation, and activity of selected enzymes of the Calvin cycle); and (iii) analysis of plant antioxidant capacity (reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation; gene expression, protein accumulation and activity of selected enzymes). Though, F. arundinacea and F. glaucescens revealed different strategies in water uptake, and partially also in ABA signaling, their physiological reactions to drought and further re-watering, were similar. On the other hand, performance of the Calvin cycle and antioxidant system differed between the analyzed species under drought and re-watering periods. A stable efficiency of the Calvin cycle in F. arundinacea was crucial to maintain a balanced network of ROS/redox signaling, and consequently drought tolerance. The antioxidant capacity influenced mostly tolerance to stress in F. glaucescens.
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Perlikowski D, Augustyniak A, Skirycz A, Pawłowicz I, Masajada K, Michaelis ÏN, Kosmala A. Efficient root metabolism improves drought resistance of Festuca arundinacea. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 61:492-504. [PMID: 31738419 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Festuca arundinacea is a model to work on the mechanisms of drought resistance in grasses. The crucial components of that resistance still remain not fully recognized. It was suggested that deep root system could be a crucial trait for drought avoidance strategy but the other components of root performance under water deficit have not paid much attention of scientists. In this study, two genotypes of F. arundinacea with a different ability to withstand soil water deficit were selected to perform comprehensive research, including analysis of root architecture, phytohormones, proteome, primary metabolome and lipidome under progressive stress conditions, followed by a rewatering period. The experiments were performed in tubes, thus enabling undisturbed development of root systems. We demonstrated that long roots are not sufficient to perfectly avoid drought damage in F. arundinacea and to withstand adverse environmental conditions without a disturbed cellular metabolism (with respect to leaf relative water potential and cellular membrane integrity). Furthermore, we proved that metabolic performance of roots is as crucial as its architecture under water deficit, to cope with drought stress via avoidance, tolerance and regeneration strategies. We believe that the presented studies could be a good reference for the other, more applied experiments, in closely related species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawid Perlikowski
- Department of Environmental Stress Biology, Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, Poznan 60-479, Poland
| | - Adam Augustyniak
- Department of Environmental Stress Biology, Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, Poznan 60-479, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Skirycz
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am M�hlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
| | - Izabela Pawłowicz
- Department of Environmental Stress Biology, Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, Poznan 60-479, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Masajada
- Department of Environmental Stress Biology, Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, Poznan 60-479, Poland
| | - Ï Nne Michaelis
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am M�hlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
| | - Arkadiusz Kosmala
- Department of Environmental Stress Biology, Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, Poznan 60-479, Poland
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Liu Y, Mauve C, Lamothe-Sibold M, Guérard F, Glab N, Hodges M, Jossier M. Photorespiratory serine hydroxymethyltransferase 1 activity impacts abiotic stress tolerance and stomatal closure. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:2567-2583. [PMID: 31134633 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The photorespiratory cycle is a crucial pathway in photosynthetic organisms because it removes toxic 2-phosphoglycolate made by the oxygenase activity of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase and retrieves its carbon as 3-phosphoglycerate. Mitochondrial serine hydroxymethyltransferase 1 (SHMT1) is an essential photorespiratory enzyme converting glycine to serine. SHMT1 regulation remains poorly understood although it could involve the phosphorylation of serine 31. Here, we report the complementation of Arabidopsis thaliana shm1-1 by SHMT1 wild-type, phosphorylation-mimetic (S31D) or nonphophorylatable (S31A) forms. All SHMT1 forms could almost fully complement the photorespiratory growth phenotype of shm1-1; however, each transgenic line had only 50% of normal SHMT activity. In response to either a salt or drought stress, Compl-S31D lines showed a more severe growth deficiency compared with the other transgenic lines. This sensitivity to salt appeared to reflect reduced SHMT1-S31D protein amounts and a lower activity that impacted leaf metabolism leading to proline underaccumulation and overaccumulation of polyamines. The S31D mutation in SHMT1 also led to a reduction in salt-induced and ABA-induced stomatal closure. Taken together, our results highlight the importance of maintaining photorespiratory SHMT1 activity in salt and drought stress conditions and indicate that SHMT1 S31 phosphorylation could be involved in modulating SHMT1 protein stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanpei Liu
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, INRA, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Diderot, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay Cedex, 91405, France
| | - Caroline Mauve
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, INRA, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Diderot, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay Cedex, 91405, France
| | - Marlène Lamothe-Sibold
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, INRA, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Diderot, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay Cedex, 91405, France
| | - Florence Guérard
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, INRA, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Diderot, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay Cedex, 91405, France
| | - Nathalie Glab
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, INRA, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Diderot, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay Cedex, 91405, France
| | - Michael Hodges
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, INRA, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Diderot, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay Cedex, 91405, France
| | - Mathieu Jossier
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, INRA, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Diderot, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay Cedex, 91405, France
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Perlikowski D, Augustyniak A, Masajada K, Skirycz A, Soja AM, Michaelis Ä, Wolter G, Kosmala A. Structural and metabolic alterations in root systems under limited water conditions in forage grasses of Lolium-Festuca complex. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 283:211-223. [PMID: 31128691 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Drought resistance is a crucial attribute of plants and to properly decipher its mechanisms, a valuable plant model is required. Lolium multiflorum is a forage grass characterized by a low level of abiotic stress resistance, whereas Festuca arundinacea is recognized as a species with drought resistance, including both stress avoidance and tolerance strategies. These two species can be crossed with each other. Two closely related L. multiflorum/F. arundinacea introgression forms with distinct levels of field drought resistance were involved, thus enabling the dissection of this complex trait into its crucial components. The processes occurring in roots were shown to be the most significant for the expression of drought resistance. Thus, the analysis was focused on the root architecture and the accumulation of selected hormones, primary metabolites and glycerolipids in roots. The introgression form, with a higher resistance to field water deficit was characterized by a deeper soil penetration by its roots, and it had a higher accumulation level of primary metabolites, including well recognized osmoprotectants, such as proline, sucrose or maltose, and an increase in phosphatidylcholine to phosphatidylethanolamine ratio compared to the low resistant form. A comprehensive model of root performance under water deficit conditions is presented here for the first time for the grass species of the Lolium-Festuca complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawid Perlikowski
- Department of Environmental Stress Biology, Institute of Plant Genetics Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Adam Augustyniak
- Department of Environmental Stress Biology, Institute of Plant Genetics Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Masajada
- Department of Environmental Stress Biology, Institute of Plant Genetics Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Skirycz
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Department of Molecular Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
| | - Aleksandra Maria Soja
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Department of Molecular Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
| | - Änne Michaelis
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Department of Molecular Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
| | - Gudrun Wolter
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Department of Molecular Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
| | - Arkadiusz Kosmala
- Department of Environmental Stress Biology, Institute of Plant Genetics Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479, Poznan, Poland.
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Jana GA, Al Kharusi L, Sunkar R, Al-Yahyai R, Yaish MW. Metabolomic analysis of date palm seedlings exposed to salinity and silicon treatments. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2019; 14:1663112. [PMID: 31505987 PMCID: PMC6804709 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2019.1663112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Silicon is known to promote plant growth as well as stress tolerance of plants. The current study was undertaken to assess the growth promoting effect of silicon on date palm seedling development as well as its ability to abate some of the negative effects of salinity. In this study, date palm seedlings were treated with silicon and sodium chloride salts, and the effect of these salts on some physiological parameters of the plants was determined. In addition, a global nontargeted metabolomics analysis was performed for the leaf and root tissues using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The results showed that under non-stress conditions, silicon treatment enhanced the growth of the date palm seedlings, however, under salinity, silicon slightly mitigates the negative effects of salt stress on the date palm seedlings although it enhances the potassium accumulation under this condition. The global metabolomics analysis has identified a total of 1,101 significant differentially accumulated (p, q ≤ 0.05) metabolites in leaves and roots under silicon, salinity or their combination. A differential pairwise metabolic profile comparison revealed the accumulation of distinct metabolites in response to silicon and salinity treatments such as antioxidant compounds pyridoxine, cepharanthine, allithiamine, myristic acid and boldine; osmoregulators such as mucic acid; along with the accumulation of detoxification intermediates such as S-D-lactoylglutathione, beta-cyano-L-alanine and gamma-glutamyl-conjugates. In addition, histochemical analyses revealed that application of silicon significantly (p ≤ 0.05) enhanced the formation of the Casparian strip. Identification of the differentially accumulated metabolites could offer an insight into how silicon is able to promote growth and salinity tolerance in date palms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerry Aplang Jana
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Latifa Al Kharusi
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Ramanjulu Sunkar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Rashid Al-Yahyai
- Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Mahmoud W. Yaish
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
- CONTACT Mahmoud W. Yaish , Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 36, Muscat 123, Oman
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16
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Augustyniak A, Perlikowski D, Rapacz M, Kościelniak J, Kosmala A. Insight into cellular proteome of Lolium multiflorum/Festuca arundinacea introgression forms to decipher crucial mechanisms of cold acclimation in forage grasses. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 272:22-31. [PMID: 29807594 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Frost tolerance is the main component of winter-hardiness. To express this trait, plants sense low temperature, and respond by activating the process of cold acclimation. The molecular mechanisms of this acclimation have not been fully understood in the agronomically important group of forage grasses, including Lolium-Festuca species. Herein, the introgression forms of L. multiflorum/F. arundinacea distinct with respect to their frost tolerance, were used as models for the comprehensive, proteomic and physiological, research to recognize the crucial components of cold acclimation in forage grasses. The obtained results stressed the importance of photosynthetic performance under acclimation to low temperature. The stable level of photochemical processes after three weeks of cold acclimation in the introgression form with a higher level of frost tolerance, combined simultaneously with only slightly (but not significantly) decreased level of CO2 assimilation after that period, despite significantly lower stomatal conductance, indicated the capacity for that form to acclimate its photosynthesis to low temperature. This phenomenon was driven by the Calvin cycle efficiency, associated with revealed here accumulation profiles and activities of chloroplastic aldolase. The capacity to acclimate the photosynthetic machinery to cold could be one of the most crucial components of forage grass metabolism to improve frost tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Augustyniak
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszynska 34, 60-479 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Dawid Perlikowski
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszynska 34, 60-479 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Marcin Rapacz
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Agriculture in Cracow, Podluzna 3, 30-239 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Janusz Kościelniak
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Agriculture in Cracow, Podluzna 3, 30-239 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Arkadiusz Kosmala
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszynska 34, 60-479 Poznan, Poland.
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Płażek A, Pociecha E, Augustyniak A, Masajada K, Dziurka M, Majka J, Perlikowski D, Pawłowicz I, Kosmala A. Dissection of resistance to Microdochium nivale in Lolium multiflorum/Festuca arundinacea introgression forms. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 123:43-53. [PMID: 29223067 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The potential of resistance to Microdochium nivale is still not recognized for numerous plant species. The forage grasses of Lolium-Festuca complex are important for grass-biomass production in the temperate regions. Lolium multiflorum is a grass with a high forage quality and productivity but also a relatively low resistance to M. nivale. On the contrary, F. arundinacea has a higher potential of resistance but simultaneously a significantly lower forage quality. These two species cross with each other and the intergeneric hybrids possess complementary characters of both genera. Herein, for the first time, we perform the research on L. multiflorum/F. arundinacea introgression forms to decipher mechanisms of resistance to M. nivale in that group of plants. Two forms with distinct levels of resistance were used as models in cytogenetic and biochemical studies. The resistant plant was shown to be a tetraploid with 28 L. multiflorum chromosomes, including one with three F. arundinacea introgressions. The susceptible introgression form revealed the unbalanced genomic structure and only 25 chromosomes. Twenty four chromosomes were shown to be L. multiflorum chromosomes, including one chromosome with F. arundinacea segment. One Festuca chromosome with additional two interstitial F. arundinacea segments, was also revealed in the susceptible form. The selected introgression forms differed in the accumulation profiles of total soluble carbohydrates, phytohormones, and phenolics in the leaf and crown tissue under the control and infection conditions. The higher amount of carbohydrates and salicylic acid in the leaves and crowns as well as a lower amount of abscisic acid in both studied organs and jasmonic acid in the crowns, were shown to be crucial for the expression of resistance to M. nivale in the analyzed hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Płażek
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Agriculture in Cracow, Podłużna 3, 30-239 Cracow, Poland.
| | - Ewa Pociecha
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Agriculture in Cracow, Podłużna 3, 30-239 Cracow, Poland.
| | - Adam Augustyniak
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Masajada
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Michał Dziurka
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Cracow, Poland.
| | - Joanna Majka
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Dawid Perlikowski
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Izabela Pawłowicz
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Arkadiusz Kosmala
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479 Poznań, Poland.
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Lima JV, Lobato AKS. Brassinosteroids improve photosystem II efficiency, gas exchange, antioxidant enzymes and growth of cowpea plants exposed to water deficit. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 23:59-72. [PMID: 28250584 PMCID: PMC5313414 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-016-0410-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Water deficit is considered the main abiotic stress that limits agricultural production worldwide. Brassinosteroids (BRs) are natural substances that play roles in plant tolerance against abiotic stresses, including water deficit. This research aims to determine whether BRs can mitigate the negative effects caused by water deficiency, revealing how BRs act and their possible contribution to increased tolerance of cowpea plants to water deficit. The experiment was a factorial design with the factors completely randomised, with two water conditions (control and water deficit) and three levels of brassinosteroids (0, 50 and 100 nM 24-epibrassinolide; EBR is an active BRs). Plants sprayed with 100 nM EBR under the water deficit presented significant increases in ΦPSII, qP and ETR compared with plants subjected to the water deficit without EBR. With respect to gas exchange, PN, E and gs exhibited significant reductions after water deficit, but application of 100 nM EBR caused increases in these variables of 96, 24 and 33%, respectively, compared to the water deficit + 0 nM EBR treatment. To antioxidant enzymes, EBR resulted in increases in SOD, CAT, APX and POX, indicating that EBR acts on the antioxidant system, reducing cell damage. The water deficit caused significant reductions in Chl a, Chl b and total Chl, while plants sprayed with 100 nM EBR showed significant increases of 26, 58 and 33% in Chl a, Chl b and total Chl, respectively. This study revealed that EBR improves photosystem II efficiency, inducing increases in ΦPSII, qP and ETR. This substance also mitigated the negative effects on gas exchange and growth induced by the water deficit. Increases in SOD, CAT, APX and POX of plants treated with EBR indicate that this steroid clearly increased the tolerance to the water deficit, reducing reactive oxygen species, cell damage, and maintaining the photosynthetic pigments. Additionally, 100 nM EBR resulted in a better dose-response of cowpea plants exposed to the water deficit.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. V. Lima
- Núcleo de Pesquisa Vegetal Básica e Aplicada, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Rodovia PA 256, Paragominas, Pará Brazil
| | - A. K. S. Lobato
- Núcleo de Pesquisa Vegetal Básica e Aplicada, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Rodovia PA 256, Paragominas, Pará Brazil
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