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Afsharipour S, Mirzaalian Dastjerdi A, Seyedi A. Optimizing Cucumis sativus seedling vigor: the role of pistachio wood vinegar and date palm compost in nutrient mobilization. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:407. [PMID: 38755531 PMCID: PMC11097511 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05128-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The goal of this research is to enhance the quality of cucumber seedlings grown in greenhouses by experimenting with various soilless culture mediums (CMs) and the application of pistachio wood vinegar (WV). The experimental setup was designed as a factorial experiment within a randomized complete block design (RCBD), in greenhouse conditions featuring three replications to assess the effects of different culture media (CMs) and concentrations of pistachio wood vinegar (WV) on cucumber seedling growth. Cucumber seeds were planted in three CMs: coco peat-peat moss, coco peat-vermicompost, and date palm compost-vermicompost mixed in a 75:25 volume-to-volume ratio. These were then treated with pistachio WV at concentrations of 0, 0.5, and 1%, applied four times during irrigation following the emergence of the third leaf. RESULTS The study revealed that treating seedlings with 0.5% WV in the date palm compost-vermicompost CM significantly enhanced various growth parameters. Specifically, it resulted in a 90% increase in shoot fresh mass, a 59% increase in shoot dry mass, an 11% increase in root fresh mass, a 36% increase in root dry mass, a 65% increase in shoot length, a 62% increase in leaf area, a 25% increase in stem diameter, a 41% increase in relative water content (RWC), and a 6% improvement in membrane stability index (MSI), all in comparison to untreated seedlings grown in coco peat-peat moss CM. Furthermore, chlorophyll a, b, total chlorophyll, and carotenoid levels were 2.3, 2.7, 2.6, and 2.7 times higher, respectively, in seedlings treated with 0.5% WV and grown in the date palm compost-vermicompost CM, compared to those treated with the same concentration of WV but grown in coco peat-peat moss CM. Additionally, the Fv/Fm ratio saw a 52% increase. When plant nutrition was enhanced with the date palm compost-vermicompost CM and 1% WV, auxin content rose by 130% compared to seedlings grown in coco peat-peat moss CM and treated with 0.5% WV. CONCLUSIONS The study demonstrates that using 0.5% WV in conjunction with date palm compost-vermicompost CM significantly betters the quality of cucumber seedlings, outperforming other treatment combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sediqeh Afsharipour
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | | | - Azam Seyedi
- Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jiroft, Jiroft, Iran.
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Duan S, Guan S, Fei R, Sun T, Kang X, Xin R, Song W, Sun X. Unraveling the role of PlARF2 in regulating deed formancy in Paeonia lactiflora. PLANTA 2024; 259:133. [PMID: 38668881 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04411-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION PlARF2 can positively regulate the seed dormancy in Paeonia lactiflora Pall. and bind the RY cis-element. Auxin, a significant phytohormone influencing seed dormancy, has been demonstrated to be regulated by auxin response factors (ARFs), key transcriptional modulators in the auxin signaling pathway. However, the role of this class of transcription factors (TFs) in perennials with complex seed dormancy mechanisms remains largely unexplored. Here, we cloned and characterized an ARF gene from Paeonia lactiflora, named PlARF2, which exhibited differential expression levels in the seeds during the process of seed dormancy release. The deduced amino acid sequence of PlARF2 had high homology with those of other plants and contained typical conserved Auxin_resp domain of the ARF family. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that PlARF2 was closely related to VvARF3 in Vitis vinifera. The subcellular localization and transcriptional activation assay showed that PlARF2 is a nuclear protein possessing transcriptional activation activity. The expression levels of dormancy-related genes in transgenic callus indicated that PlARF2 was positively correlated with the contents of PlABI3 and PlDOG1. The germination assay showed that PlARF2 promoted seed dormancy. Moreover, TF Centered Yeast one-hybrid assay (TF-Centered Y1H), electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and dual-luciferase reporter assay analysis (Dual-Luciferase) provided evidence that PlARF2 can bind to the 'CATGCATG' motif. Collectively, our findings suggest that PlARF2, as TF, could be involved in the regulation of seed dormancy and may act as a repressor of germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyang Duan
- College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Tree Genetics, Breeding and Cultivation of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Shixin Guan
- College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Tree Genetics, Breeding and Cultivation of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Riwen Fei
- College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Tree Genetics, Breeding and Cultivation of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Tianyi Sun
- College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Tree Genetics, Breeding and Cultivation of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Xuening Kang
- College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Tree Genetics, Breeding and Cultivation of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Rujie Xin
- College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Tree Genetics, Breeding and Cultivation of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Wenhui Song
- College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Tree Genetics, Breeding and Cultivation of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Xiaomei Sun
- College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
- Key Laboratory of Forest Tree Genetics, Breeding and Cultivation of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, 110866, China.
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Xu H, Wang F, Rebecca Njeri Damari, Chen X, Lin Z. Molecular mechanisms underlying the signal perception and transduction during seed germination. MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2024; 44:27. [PMID: 38525006 PMCID: PMC10954596 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-024-01465-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
QuerySeed germination is a vital step in the life cycle of a plant, playing a significant role in seedling establishment and crop yield potential. It is also an important factor in the conservation of plant germplasm resources. This complex process is influenced by a myriad of factors, including environmental conditions, the genetic makeup of the seed, and endogenous hormones. The perception of these environmental signals triggers a cascade of intricate signal transduction events that determine whether a seed germinates or remains dormant. Despite considerable progress in uncovering the molecular mechanisms governing these processes, many questions remain unanswered. In this review, we summarize the current progress in the molecular mechanisms underlying the perception of environmental signals and consequent signal transduction during seed germination, and discuss questions that need to be addressed to better understand the process of seed germination and develop novel strategies for germplasm improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huibin Xu
- Marine and Agricultural Biotechnology Laboratory, College of Geography and Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, 350108 China
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, 350108 China
| | - Fuxiang Wang
- National Rice Engineering Laboratory of China, Rice Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350003 China
| | | | - Xiaofeng Chen
- Marine and Agricultural Biotechnology Laboratory, College of Geography and Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, 350108 China
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, 350108 China
| | - Zhongyuan Lin
- Marine and Agricultural Biotechnology Laboratory, College of Geography and Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, 350108 China
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, 350108 China
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Cunha DS, Neto VG, Santos ID, Andrade MVS, Takahashi D, Loureiro MB, Fernandez LG, Ribeiro PR, de Castro RD. Castor (Ricinus communis L.) differential cell cycle and metabolism reactivation, germinability, and seedling performance under NaCl and PEG osmoticum: Stress tolerance related to genotype-preestablished superoxide dismutase activity. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 207:108372. [PMID: 38228015 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Castor (Ricinus communis) is a relevant industrial oilseed feedstock for many industrial applications, being globally mainly cultivated by smallholder farmers in semiarid areas, where abiotic stresses predominate. Therefore, susceptible to generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) and subsequent oxidative stress, compromising cell metabolism upon seed imbibition and germination, seedling and crop establishment, and yield. The present study evaluated the consequences of water restriction by Polyethylene glycol (PEG) and Sodium chloride (NaCl) on cell cycle and metabolism reactivation on germinability, seedling growth, and vigor parameters in 2 commercial castor genotypes (Nordestina and Paraguaçu). PEG water restriction inhibited germination completely at -0.23 MPa or higher, presumably due to reduced oxygen availability. The restrictive effects of NaCl saline stress on germination were observed only from -0.46 MPa onwards, affecting dry mass accumulation and the production of normal seedlings. In general, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased in NaCl -0.23 MPa, whereas its modulation during the onset of imbibition (24h) seemed to depend on its initial levels in dry seeds in a genotype-specific manner, therefore, resulting in the higher stress tolerance of Nordestina compared to Paraguaçu. Overall, results show that Castor germination and seedling development are more sensitive to the restrictive effects of PEG than NaCl at similar osmotic potentials, contributing to a better understanding of the responses to water restriction stresses by different Castor genotypes. Ultimately, SOD may constitute a potential marker for characterizing castor genotypes in stressful situations during germination, early seedling, and crop establishment, and a target for breeding for Castor-improved stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego S Cunha
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioproducts, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Reitor Miguel Calmon s/n, 40160-100, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Valdir G Neto
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioproducts, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Reitor Miguel Calmon s/n, 40160-100, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Isabela D Santos
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioproducts, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Reitor Miguel Calmon s/n, 40160-100, Salvador, Brazil; Undergraduate Course in Biotechnology, Institute of Health Sciences - ICS, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Reitor Miguel Calmon s/n, 40160-100, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Marcos V S Andrade
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioproducts, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Reitor Miguel Calmon s/n, 40160-100, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Daniele Takahashi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioproducts, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Reitor Miguel Calmon s/n, 40160-100, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Marta B Loureiro
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioproducts, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Reitor Miguel Calmon s/n, 40160-100, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Luzimar G Fernandez
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioproducts, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Reitor Miguel Calmon s/n, 40160-100, Salvador, Brazil; Metabolomics Research Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo s/n, 40170-115, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Paulo R Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioproducts, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Reitor Miguel Calmon s/n, 40160-100, Salvador, Brazil; Metabolomics Research Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo s/n, 40170-115, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Renato D de Castro
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioproducts, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Reitor Miguel Calmon s/n, 40160-100, Salvador, Brazil; Metabolomics Research Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo s/n, 40170-115, Salvador, Brazil.
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Zahed M, Bączek-Kwinta R. The Impact of Post-Fire Smoke on Plant Communities: A Global Approach. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3835. [PMID: 38005732 PMCID: PMC10674613 DOI: 10.3390/plants12223835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Smoke is one of the fire-related cues that can alter vegetation communities' compositions, by promoting or excluding different plant species. For over 30 years, smoke-derived compounds have been a hot topic in plant and crop physiology. Research in this field was initiated in fire-prone areas in Australia, South Africa and some countries of both Americas, mostly with Mediterranean-type climates. Then, research extended to regions with moderate climates, like Central European countries; this was sometimes determined by the fact that in those regions, extensive prescribed or illegal burning (swailing) occurs. Hence, this review updates information about the effects of smoke compounds on plant kingdoms in different regions. It also focuses on research advances in the field of the physiological effects of smoke chemicals, mostly karrikins, and attempts to gather and summarize the current state of research and opinions on the roles of such compounds in plants' lives. We finish our review by discussing major research gaps, which include issues such as why plants that occur in non-fire-prone areas respond to smoke chemicals. Have recent climate change and human activities increased the risk of wildfires, and how may these affect local plant communities through physiologically active smoke compounds? Is the response of seeds to smoke and smoke compounds an evolutionarily driven trait that allows plants to adapt to the environment? What can we learn by examining post-fire smoke on a large scale?
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahboube Zahed
- Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources in Gorgan, Basij Square, Pardis No. 2, Gorgan 49189-43464, Iran
| | - Renata Bączek-Kwinta
- Department of Plant Breeding, Physiology and Seed Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Economics, University of Agriculture in Krakow, ul. Podłuzna 3, 30-239 Kraków, Poland
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Aslam A, Mahmood A, Ur-Rehman H, Li C, Liang X, Shao J, Negm S, Moustafa M, Aamer M, Hassan MU. Plant Adaptation to Flooding Stress under Changing Climate Conditions: Ongoing Breakthroughs and Future Challenges. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3824. [PMID: 38005721 PMCID: PMC10675391 DOI: 10.3390/plants12223824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Climate-change-induced variations in temperature and rainfall patterns are a serious threat across the globe. Flooding is the foremost challenge to agricultural productivity, and it is believed to become more intense under a changing climate. Flooding is a serious form of stress that significantly reduces crop yields, and future climatic anomalies are predicted to make the problem even worse in many areas of the world. To cope with the prevailing flooding stress, plants have developed different morphological and anatomical adaptations in their roots, aerenchyma cells, and leaves. Therefore, researchers are paying more attention to identifying developed and adopted molecular-based plant mechanisms with the objective of obtaining flooding-resistant cultivars. In this review, we discuss the various physiological, anatomical, and morphological adaptations (aerenchyma cells, ROL barriers (redial O2 loss), and adventitious roots) and the phytohormonal regulation in plants under flooding stress. This review comprises ongoing innovations and strategies to mitigate flooding stress, and it also provides new insights into how this knowledge can be used to improve productivity in the scenario of a rapidly changing climate and increasing flood intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amna Aslam
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; (A.A.); (H.U.-R.)
| | - Athar Mahmood
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan;
| | - Hafeez Ur-Rehman
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; (A.A.); (H.U.-R.)
| | - Cunwu Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Water Engineering Materials and Structures, Guangxi Institute of Water Resources Research, Nanning 530023, China; (C.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Xuewen Liang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Water Engineering Materials and Structures, Guangxi Institute of Water Resources Research, Nanning 530023, China; (C.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Jinhua Shao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Water Engineering Materials and Structures, Guangxi Institute of Water Resources Research, Nanning 530023, China; (C.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Sally Negm
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Science and Art Mahyel Aseer, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mahmoud Moustafa
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Muhammad Aamer
- Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (M.A.); (M.U.H.)
| | - Muhammad Umair Hassan
- Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (M.A.); (M.U.H.)
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Lin Y, Zhou C, Li D, Jia Y, Dong Q, Yu H, Wu T, Pan C. Mitigation of Acetamiprid Residue Disruption on Pea Seed Germination by Selenium Nanoparticles and Lentinans. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2781. [PMID: 37570938 PMCID: PMC10420818 DOI: 10.3390/plants12152781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
The use of pesticides for pest control during the storage period of legume seeds is a common practice. This study evaluated the disruptive effects on pea seed germination and the repair effects of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) and lentinans (LNTs) This study examined the biomass, nutrient content, antioxidant indicators, plant hormones, phenolic compounds, and metabolites associated with the lignin biosynthesis pathway in pea sprouts. The application of acetamiprid resulted in a significant decrease in yield, amino-acid content, and phenolic compound content of pea sprouts, along with observed lignin deposition. Moreover, acetamiprid residue exerted a notable level of stress on pea sprouts, as evidenced by changes in antioxidant indicators and plant hormones. During pea seed germination, separate applications of 5 mg/L SeNPs or 20 mg/L LNTs partially alleviated the negative effects induced by acetamiprid. When used in combination, these treatments restored most of the aforementioned indicators to levels comparable to the control group. Correlation analysis suggested that the regulation of lignin content in pea sprouts may involve lignin monomer levels, reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism, and plant hormone signaling mediation. This study provides insight into the adverse impact of acetamiprid residues on pea sprout quality and highlights the reparative mechanism of SeNPs and LNTs, offering a quality assurance method for microgreens, particularly pea sprouts. Future studies can validate the findings of this study from the perspective of gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxi Lin
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.L.)
- Huizhou Yinnong Technology Co., Ltd., Huizhou 516057, China
| | - Chunran Zhou
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.L.)
| | - Dong Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, College of Plant Protection, Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yujiao Jia
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.L.)
| | - Qinyong Dong
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.L.)
| | - Huan Yu
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.L.)
| | - Tong Wu
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.L.)
| | - Canping Pan
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.L.)
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Ullah G, Ibrahim M, Nawaz G, Khatoon A, Jamil M, Rehman SU, Ali EA, Tariq A. Plant-Derived Smoke Mitigates the Inhibitory Effects of the Auxin Inhibitor 2,3,5-Triiodo Benzoic Acid (TIBA) by Enhancing Root Architecture and Biochemical Parameters in Maize. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2604. [PMID: 37514219 PMCID: PMC10383894 DOI: 10.3390/plants12142604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate and compare the effects of plant-derived smoke (PDS) and auxin (IAA and IBA) on maize growth under the application of 2,3,5-triiodo benzoic acid (TIBA). For this purpose, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), each at a concentration of 10 ppm, along with PDS at a ratio of 1:500 (v/v) were used alone and in combination with 10 ppm of TIBA. The results indicate that the germination percentage (%) of maize seeds was enhanced under IAA, IBA and PDS treatment. However, IAA and IBA resulted in reduced germination when applied in combination with TIBA. Importantly, the germination percentage (%) was improved by PDS under TIBA treatment. The analysis of seedling height, length of leaves, and number of primary, seminal and secondary/lateral roots showed improvement under individual treatments of IAA and IBA, PDS and PDS + TIBA treatment, while these values were reduced under IAA + TIBA and IBA + TIBA application. Chlorophyll content, total soluble sugars and antioxidative enzymatic activity including POD and SOD increased in seedlings treated with PDS alone or both PDS and TIBA, while in seedlings treated with IAA and TIBA or IBA and TIBA, their levels were decreased. APX and CAT responded in the opposite way-under IAA, IBA and PDS treatment, their levels were found to be lower than the control (simple water treatment), while TIBA treatment with either IAA, IBA or PDS enhanced their levels as compared to the control. These results reveal that PDS has the potential to alleviate the inhibitory effects of TIBA. This study highlights the role of PDS in preventing TIBA from blocking the auxin entry sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulfan Ullah
- Department of Botany, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat 2600, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ibrahim
- Department of Botany, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat 2600, Pakistan
| | - Ghazala Nawaz
- Department of Botany, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat 2600, Pakistan
| | - Amana Khatoon
- Department of Botany, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat 2600, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Jamil
- Department of Botany, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat 2600, Pakistan
| | - Shafiq Ur Rehman
- Department of Biology, The University of Haripur, Haripur 2262, Pakistan
| | - Essam A Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Akash Tariq
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Desert Plant Roots Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
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Liu M, Shan Q, Ding E, Gu T, Gong B. Karrikin increases tomato cold tolerance via strigolactone and the abscisic acid signaling network. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 332:111720. [PMID: 37120034 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
As a class of biostimulants, karrikins (KARs) were first identified from plant-derived smoke to regulate plant growth, development, and stress tolerance. However, the roles of KARs in plant cold tolerance and their crosstalk with strigolactones (SLs) and abscisic acid (ABA) remain elusive. We studied the interaction among KAR, SLs, and ABA in cold acclimatization with KAI2-, MAX1-, SnRK2.5-silenced, or cosilenced plant materials. KAI2 is involved in smoke-water- (SW-) and KAR-mediated cold tolerance. MAX1 acts downstream of KAR in cold acclimation. ABA biosynthesis and sensitivity are regulated by KAR and SLs, which improve cold acclimation through the SnRK2.5 component. The physiological mechanisms of SW and KAR in improving growth, yield, and tolerance under a long-term sublow temperature environment were also studied. SW and KAR were shown to improve tomato growth and yield under sublow temperature conditions by regulating nutritional uptake, leaf temperature control, photosynthetic defense, ROS scavenging, and CBF transcriptional activation. Together, SW, which functions via the KAR-mediated SL and ABA signaling network, has potential application value for increasing cold tolerance in tomato production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology / College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Qing Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology / College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Erqiao Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology / College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Tingting Gu
- College of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Shandong Agriculture and Engineering University, Ji'nan 250100, China
| | - Biao Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology / College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
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Sun G, Xie S, Tang L, Zhao C, Zhang M, Huang L. Comparative genomics of five Valsa species gives insights on their pathogenicity evolution. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2023; 13:jkac312. [PMID: 36454665 PMCID: PMC9911072 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkac312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Valsa is a genus of ascomycetes within the Valsaceae family. This family includes many wood destructive pathogens such as the well known Valsa mali and Valsa pyri which cause canker diseases in fruit trees and threaten the global fruit production. Lack of genomic information of this family is impeding our understandings about their evolution and genetic basis of their pathogenicity divergence. Here, we report genome assemblies of Valsa malicola, Valsa persoonii, and Valsa sordida which represent close relatives of Valsa mali and Valsa pyri with different host preferences. Comparative genomics analysis revealed that segmental rearrangements, inversions, and translocations frequently occurred among Valsa spp. genomes. Gene families that exhibited gene copy expansions tended to be associated with secondary metabolism, transmembrane transport, and pyrophosphatase activities. Orthologous genes in regions lost synteny exhibited significantly higher rate of synonymous substitution (KS) than those in regions retained synteny. Moreover, among these genes, membrane transporter families associated with antidrug (MFS, DHA) activities and nutrient transportation (SP and APCs) activities were significantly over-represented. Lineage specific synonymous substitution (KS) and nonsynonymous substitution (KA) analysis based on the phylogeny constructed from 11 fungal species identified a set of genes with selection signatures in Valsa clade and these genes were significantly enriched in functions associated with fatty acid beta-oxidation, DNA helicase activity, and ATPase activity. Furthermore, unique genes that possessed or retained by each of the five Valsa species are more likely part of the secondary metabolic (SM) gene clusters. SM gene clusters conserved across five Valsa species showed various degrees of diversification in both identity and completeness. All 11 syntenically conserved SM clusters showed differential expression during the infection of apple branch with Valsa mali suggesting involvements of secondary metabolism in the pathogenicity of Valsa species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangchao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Shichang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lili Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
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11
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Wang J, Li J, Liu W, Zeb A, Wang Q, Zheng Z, Shi R, Lian Y, Liu L. Three typical microplastics affect the germination and growth of amaranth (Amaranthus mangostanus L.) seedlings. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 194:589-599. [PMID: 36529009 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) have been a global emerging contaminant and have aroused wide public concern. Currently, it is still unknown the phytotoxicity effect of MPs on amaranth (Amaranthus mangostanus L.). This study investigated the early responses of amaranth by exposing its seeds to suspensions of polystyrene (PS), polyethylene (PE), and polypropylene (PP) MPs. We observed the effects of MPs on seed germination and growth of amaranth, especially on the oxidative damage in amaranth roots. Impacts of MPs on the germination and growth of amaranth varied with the type, concentration, and particle size of MPs. PE MPs and PP MPs inhibited the shoot extension of amaranth, while the root length under PP MPs treatment was generally shorter than that under PS MPs and PE MPs. The accumulation of H2O2 in amaranth roots increased with the rising of MPs concentration. Compared with the control, a little number of dead cells were found in the roots of amaranth under high MPs treatment. It is noteworthy that only under 100 mg/L PP treatment, the amaranthus seedlings root cells were disorganized, due to the reactive oxygen species (ROS) damage in the roots. These findings provide essential information to assess the phytotoxicity of MPs in agricultural products, and provide insights into the underlying mechanisms of the observed phytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianling Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, PR China; Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Environmental Diagnosis and Contamination Remediation, Tianjin, 300350, PR China
| | - Jiantao Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, PR China; Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Environmental Diagnosis and Contamination Remediation, Tianjin, 300350, PR China
| | - Weitao Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, PR China; Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Environmental Diagnosis and Contamination Remediation, Tianjin, 300350, PR China.
| | - Aurang Zeb
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, PR China; Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Environmental Diagnosis and Contamination Remediation, Tianjin, 300350, PR China
| | - Qi Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, PR China; Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Environmental Diagnosis and Contamination Remediation, Tianjin, 300350, PR China
| | - Zeqi Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, PR China; Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Environmental Diagnosis and Contamination Remediation, Tianjin, 300350, PR China
| | - Ruiying Shi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, PR China
| | - Yuhang Lian
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, PR China; Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Environmental Diagnosis and Contamination Remediation, Tianjin, 300350, PR China
| | - Lu Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, PR China; Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Environmental Diagnosis and Contamination Remediation, Tianjin, 300350, PR China.
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12
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Farooq MA, Ma W, Shen S, Gu A. Underlying Biochemical and Molecular Mechanisms for Seed Germination. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158502. [PMID: 35955637 PMCID: PMC9369107 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
With the burgeoning population of the world, the successful germination of seeds to achieve maximum crop production is very important. Seed germination is a precise balance of phytohormones, light, and temperature that induces endosperm decay. Abscisic acid and gibberellins—mainly with auxins, ethylene, and jasmonic and salicylic acid through interdependent molecular pathways—lead to the rupture of the seed testa, after which the radicle protrudes out and the endosperm provides nutrients according to its growing energy demand. The incident light wavelength and low and supra-optimal temperature modulates phytohormone signaling pathways that induce the synthesis of ROS, which results in the maintenance of seed dormancy and germination. In this review, we have summarized in detail the biochemical and molecular processes occurring in the seed that lead to the germination of the seed. Moreover, an accurate explanation in chronological order of how phytohormones inside the seed act in accordance with the temperature and light signals from outside to degenerate the seed testa for the thriving seed’s germination has also been discussed.
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13
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Pošta M, Zima V, Poštová Slavětínská L, Matoušová M, Beier P. Synthesis of sulfur karrikin bioisosteres as potential neuroprotectives. Beilstein J Org Chem 2022; 18:549-554. [PMID: 35651698 PMCID: PMC9127252 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.18.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The only known sulfur-containing karrikin, 3-methyl-2H-thiopyrano[3,4-b]furan-2-one, has been recently identified as an extremely efficient neuroprotective butenolide. Herein, we report the targeted synthesis of this compound as well as new synthetic protocols toward a class of compounds derived from 2H-furo[2,3-c]pyran-2-ones (karrikins) via bioisosteric exchange of oxygen with sulfur. In particular, we present synthetic procedures toward bioisosteres of karrikins with one or two sulfur heteroatoms incorporated into the core backbone together with evaluation of their biological activity in inhibition of acetylcholinesterase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Pošta
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Zima
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Poštová Slavětínská
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Marika Matoušová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Beier
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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Insights into the beneficial roles of dark septate endophytes in plants under challenging environment: resilience to biotic and abiotic stresses. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:79. [PMID: 35332399 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03264-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Dark septate endophytes (DSE) exert a plethora of effects in regulating plant growth, signalling and stress tolerance. The advent of metagenomics has led to the identification of various species of DSE to be associated with plant organs. They are known to modulate growth, nutrient uptake, phytohormone biosynthesis and production of active bioconstituents in several plants. The interactions between the DSE and host plants are mostly mutualistic but they can also be neutral or exhibit negative interactions. The DSE has beneficial role in removal/sequestration of toxic heavy metals from various environmental sites. Here, we discuss the beneficial role of DSE in enhancing plant tolerance to heavy metal stress, drought conditions, high salinity and protection from various plant pathogens. Furthermore, the underlying mechanism of stress resilience facilitated by DSE-plant interaction has also been discussed. The article also provides insights to some important future perspectives associated with DSE-mediated phytoremediation and reclamation of polluted land worldwide thus facilitating sustainable agriculture.
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15
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Balcerowicz M, Shetty KN, Jones AM. Fluorescent biosensors illuminating plant hormone research. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:590-602. [PMID: 35237816 PMCID: PMC8491072 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormones act as key regulators of plant growth that coordinate developmental and physiological processes across cells, tissues and organs. As such, their levels and distribution are highly dynamic owing to changes in their biosynthesis, transport, modification and degradation that occur over space and time. Fluorescent biosensors represent ideal tools to track these dynamics with high spatiotemporal resolution in a minimally invasive manner. Substantial progress has been made in generating a diverse set of hormone sensors with recent FRET biosensors for visualising hormone concentrations complementing information provided by transcriptional, translational and degron-based reporters. In this review, we provide an update on fluorescent biosensor designs, examine the key properties that constitute an ideal hormone biosensor, discuss the use of these sensors in conjunction with in vivo hormone perturbations and highlight the latest discoveries made using these tools.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alexander M. Jones
- Sainsbury Laboratory, Cambridge University, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK
- Author for communication:
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16
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Sardar R, Ahmed S, Yasin NA. Seed priming with karrikinolide improves growth and physiochemical features of coriandrum sativum under cadmium stress. ENVIRONMENTAL ADVANCES 2021; 5:100082. [DOI: 10.1016/j.envadv.2021.100082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
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17
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Ahmad A, Shahzadi I, Mubeen S, Yasin NA, Akram W, Khan WU, Wu T. Karrikinolide alleviates BDE-28, heat and Cd stressors in Brassica alboglabra by correlating and modulating biochemical attributes, antioxidative machinery and osmoregulators. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 213:112047. [PMID: 33601172 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we have evaluated the role of karrikin (KAR1) against the absorption and translocation of a persistent organic pollutant (POP), 2,4,4'-Tribromodiphenyl ether (BDE-28) in plants, in the presence of two other stressors, cadmium (Cd) and high temperature. Furthermore, it correlates the physiological damages of Brassica alboglabra with the three stresssors separately. The results revealed that the post-germination application of KAR1 successfully augmented the growth (200%) and pertinent physiochemical parameters of B. alboglabra. KAR1 hindered air absorption of BDE-28 in plant tissues, and reduced its translocation coefficient (TF). Moreover, BDE-28 was the most negatively correlated (-0.9) stressor with chlorophyll contents, while the maximum mitigation by KAR1 was also achieved agaist BDE-28. The effect of temperature was more severe on soluble sugars (0.51), antioxidative machinery (-0.43), and osmoregulators (0.24). Cd exhibited a stronger inverse interrelation with the enzymatic antioxidant cascade. Application of KAR1 mitigated the deleterious effects of Cd and temperature stress on plant physiological parameters along with reduced aero-concentration factor, TF, and metal tolerance index. The phytohormone reduced lipid peroxidation by decreasing synthesis of ROS and persuading its breakdown. The stability of cellular membranes was perhaps due to the commotion of KAR1 as a growth-promoting phytohormone. In the same way, KAR1 supplementation augmented the membrane stability index, antioxidant defense factors, and removal efficiency of the pollutants. Consequently, the exogenously applied KAR1 can efficiently alleviate Cd stress, heat stress, and POP toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqeel Ahmad
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Iqra Shahzadi
- School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Samavia Mubeen
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Nasim Ahmad Yasin
- Senior Superintendent Gardens, RO II Wing, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Waheed Akram
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Waheed Ullah Khan
- Senior Superintendent Gardens, RO II Wing, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Tingquan Wu
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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18
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Farooq MA, Zhang X, Zafar MM, Ma W, Zhao J. Roles of Reactive Oxygen Species and Mitochondria in Seed Germination. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:781734. [PMID: 34956279 PMCID: PMC8695494 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.781734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Seed germination is crucial for the life cycle of plants and maximum crop production. This critical developmental step is regulated by diverse endogenous [hormones, reactive oxygen species (ROS)] and exogenous (light, temperature) factors. Reactive oxygen species promote the release of seed dormancy by biomolecules oxidation, testa weakening and endosperm decay. Reactive oxygen species modulate metabolic and hormone signaling pathways that induce and maintain seed dormancy and germination. Endosperm provides nutrients and senses environmental signals to regulate the growth of the embryo by secreting timely signals. The growing energy demand of the developing embryo and endosperm is fulfilled by functional mitochondria. Mitochondrial matrix-localized heat shock protein GhHSP24.7 controls seed germination in a temperature-dependent manner. In this review, we summarize comprehensive view of biochemical and molecular mechanisms, which coordinately control seed germination. We also discuss that the accurate and optimized coordination of ROS, mitochondria, heat shock proteins is required to permit testa rupture and subsequent germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Awais Farooq
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Xiaomeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | | | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Ma,
| | - Jianjun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Jianjun Zhao,
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Shah AA, Khan WU, Yasin NA, Akram W, Ahmad A, Abbas M, Ali A, Safdar MN. Butanolide alleviated cadmium stress by improving plant growth, photosynthetic parameters and antioxidant defense system of brassica oleracea. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 261:127728. [PMID: 32731022 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Current study was performed to explore the effect of butanolide (KAR1) in mitigation of cadmium (Cd) induced toxicity in Brussels sprout (Brassica oleracea L.). Brussels sprout seeds, treated with 10-5 M, 10-7 M and 10-10 M solution of KAR1 were allowed to grow in Cd-contaminated (5 mg L-1) regimes for 25 d. Cadmium toxicity decreased seed germination and growth in B. oleracea seedlings. Elevated intensity of electrolyte leakage (EL), malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were observed in Cd-stressed seedlings. Additionally, reduced level of stomatal conductivity, transpiration rate, photosynthesis rate, intercellular carbon dioxide concentration, and leaf relative water content (LRWC) was also observed in Cd-stressed seedlings. Nevertheless, KAR1 improved seed germination, seedling growth and biomass production in Cd stressed plants. KAR1 application showed elevated LRWC, osmotic potential, and higher membranous stability index (MSI) in seedlings under Cd regime. Furthermore, seedlings developed by KAR1 treatment exhibited higher stomatal conductivity, and intercellular carbon dioxide concentration together with improved rate of transpiration and photosynthetic rate in B. oleracea under Cd stress. These findings elucidate that the reduced level of MDA, EL and H2O2, as well as improvement in antioxidative machinery increased growth and alleviated Cd toxicity in KAR1 treated seedlings under Cd stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anis Ali Shah
- Department of Botany, University of Narowal, Pakistan
| | - Waheed Ullah Khan
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Waheed Akram
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Aqeel Ahmad
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Muhammad Abbas
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aamir Ali
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
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20
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Bose U, Juhász A, Broadbent JA, Komatsu S, Colgrave ML. Multi-Omics Strategies for Decoding Smoke-Assisted Germination Pathways and Seed Vigour. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7512. [PMID: 33053786 PMCID: PMC7593932 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The success of seed germination and the successful establishment of seedlings across diverse environmental conditions depends on seed vigour, which is of both economic and ecologic importance. The smoke-derived exogenous compound karrikins (KARs) and the endogenous plant hormone strigolactone (SL) are two classes of butanolide-containing molecules that follow highly similar signalling pathways to control diverse biological activities in plants. Unravelling the precise mode-of-action of these two classes of molecules in model species has been a key research objective. However, the specific and dynamic expression of biomolecules upon stimulation by these signalling molecules remains largely unknown. Genomic and post-genomic profiling approaches have enabled mining and association studies across the vast genetic diversity and phenotypic plasticity. Here, we review the background of smoke-assisted germination and vigour and the current knowledge of how plants perceive KAR and SL signalling and initiate the crosstalk with the germination-associated hormone pathways. The recent advancement of 'multi-omics' applications are discussed in the context of KAR signalling and with relevance to their adoption for superior agronomic trait development. The remaining challenges and future opportunities for integrating multi-omics datasets associated with their application in KAR-dependent seed germination and abiotic stress tolerance are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utpal Bose
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, 306 Carmody Rd, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia; (U.B.); (J.A.B.)
| | - Angéla Juhász
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia;
| | - James A. Broadbent
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, 306 Carmody Rd, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia; (U.B.); (J.A.B.)
| | - Setsuko Komatsu
- Department of Environmental and Food Sciences, Fukui University of Technology, Fukui 910-8505, Japan
| | - Michelle L. Colgrave
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, 306 Carmody Rd, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia; (U.B.); (J.A.B.)
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia;
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21
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Yang L, Liu S, Lin R. The role of light in regulating seed dormancy and germination. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 62:1310-1326. [PMID: 32729981 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Seed dormancy is an adaptive trait in plants. Breaking seed dormancy determines the timing of germination and is, thereby essential for ensuring plant survival and agricultural production. Seed dormancy and the subsequent germination are controlled by both internal cues (mainly hormones) and environmental signals. In the past few years, the roles of plant hormones in regulating seed dormancy and germination have been uncovered. However, we are only beginning to understand how light signaling pathways modulate seed dormancy and interaction with endogenous hormones. In this review, we summarize current views of the molecular mechanisms by which light controls the induction, maintenance and release of seed dormancy, as well as seed germination, by regulating hormone metabolism and signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Shuangrong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Rongcheng Lin
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
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22
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Yang Y, Zheng C, Chandrasekaran U, Yu L, Liu C, Pu T, Wang X, Du J, Liu J, Yang F, Yong T, Yang W, Liu W, Shu K. Identification and Bioinformatic Analysis of the GmDOG1-Like Family in Soybean and Investigation of Their Expression in Response to Gibberellic Acid and Abscisic Acid. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9080937. [PMID: 32722147 PMCID: PMC7465105 DOI: 10.3390/plants9080937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Seed germination is one of the most important stages during plant life cycle, and DOG1 (Delay of germination1) plays a pivotal regulatory role in seed dormancy and germination. In this study, we have identified the DOG1-Like (DOG1L) family in soybean (Glycine max), a staple oil crop worldwide, and investigated their chromosomal distribution, structure and expression patterns. The results showed that the GmDOG1L family is composed of 40 members, which can be divided into six subgroups, according to their evolutionary relationship with other known DOG1-Like genes. These GmDOG1Ls are distributed on 18 of 20 chromosomes in the soybean genome and the number of exons for all the 40 GmDOG1Ls varied greatly. Members of the different subgroups possess a similar motif structure composition. qRT-PCR assay showed that the expression patterns of different GmDOG1Ls were significantly altered in various tissues, and some GmDOG1Ls expressed primarily in soybean seeds. Gibberellic acid (GA) remarkably inhibited the expression of most of GmDOG1Ls, whereas Abscisic acid (ABA) inhibited some of the GmDOG1Ls expression while promoting others. It is speculated that some GmDOG1Ls regulate seed dormancy and germination by directly or indirectly relating to ABA and GA pathways, with complex interaction networks. This study provides an important theoretical basis for further investigation about the regulatory roles of GmDOG1L family on soybean seed germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingzeng Yang
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Y.); (C.Z.); (L.Y.); (C.L.); (T.P.); (X.W.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (F.Y.); (T.Y.); (W.Y.)
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710012, China;
| | - Chuan Zheng
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Y.); (C.Z.); (L.Y.); (C.L.); (T.P.); (X.W.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (F.Y.); (T.Y.); (W.Y.)
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710012, China;
| | | | - Liang Yu
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Y.); (C.Z.); (L.Y.); (C.L.); (T.P.); (X.W.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (F.Y.); (T.Y.); (W.Y.)
| | - Chunyan Liu
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Y.); (C.Z.); (L.Y.); (C.L.); (T.P.); (X.W.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (F.Y.); (T.Y.); (W.Y.)
| | - Tian Pu
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Y.); (C.Z.); (L.Y.); (C.L.); (T.P.); (X.W.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (F.Y.); (T.Y.); (W.Y.)
| | - Xiaochun Wang
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Y.); (C.Z.); (L.Y.); (C.L.); (T.P.); (X.W.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (F.Y.); (T.Y.); (W.Y.)
| | - Junbo Du
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Y.); (C.Z.); (L.Y.); (C.L.); (T.P.); (X.W.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (F.Y.); (T.Y.); (W.Y.)
| | - Jiang Liu
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Y.); (C.Z.); (L.Y.); (C.L.); (T.P.); (X.W.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (F.Y.); (T.Y.); (W.Y.)
| | - Feng Yang
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Y.); (C.Z.); (L.Y.); (C.L.); (T.P.); (X.W.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (F.Y.); (T.Y.); (W.Y.)
| | - Taiwen Yong
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Y.); (C.Z.); (L.Y.); (C.L.); (T.P.); (X.W.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (F.Y.); (T.Y.); (W.Y.)
| | - Wenyu Yang
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Y.); (C.Z.); (L.Y.); (C.L.); (T.P.); (X.W.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (F.Y.); (T.Y.); (W.Y.)
| | - Weiguo Liu
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Y.); (C.Z.); (L.Y.); (C.L.); (T.P.); (X.W.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (F.Y.); (T.Y.); (W.Y.)
- Correspondence: (W.L.); (K.S.)
| | - Kai Shu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710012, China;
- Correspondence: (W.L.); (K.S.)
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Potential of Karrikins as Novel Plant Growth Regulators in Agriculture. PLANTS 2019; 9:plants9010043. [PMID: 31888087 PMCID: PMC7020145 DOI: 10.3390/plants9010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Karrikins (KARs) have been identified as molecules derived from plant material smoke, which have the capacity to enhance seed germination for a wide range of plant species. However, KARs were observed to not only impact seed germination but also observed to influence several biological processes. The plants defected in the KARs signaling pathway were observed to grow differently with several morphological changes. The observation of KARs as a growth regulator in plants leads to the search for an endogenous KAR-like molecule. Due to its simple genomic structure, Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana L.) helps to understand the signaling mechanism of KARs and phenotypic responses caused by them. However, different species have a different phenotypic response to KARs treatment. Therefore, in the current work, updated information about the KARs effect is presented. Results of research on agricultural and horticultural crops are summarized and compared with the findings of Arabidopsis studies. In this article, we suggested that KARs may be more important in coping with modern problems than one could imagine.
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Yang T, Lian Y, Wang C. Comparing and Contrasting the Multiple Roles of Butenolide Plant Growth Regulators: Strigolactones and Karrikins in Plant Development and Adaptation to Abiotic Stresses. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246270. [PMID: 31842355 PMCID: PMC6941112 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) and karrikins (KARs) are both butenolide molecules that play essential roles in plant growth and development. SLs are phytohormones, with SLs having known functions within the plant they are produced in, while KARs are found in smoke emitted from burning plant matter and affect seeds and seedlings in areas of wildfire. It has been suggested that SL and KAR signaling may share similar mechanisms. The α/β hydrolases DWARF14 (D14) and KARRIKIN INSENSITIVE 2 (KAI2), which act as receptors of SL and KAR, respectively, both interact with the F-box protein MORE AXILLARY GROWTH 2 (MAX2) in order to target SUPPRESSOR OF MAX2 1 (SMAX1)-LIKE/D53 family members for degradation via the 26S proteasome. Recent reports suggest that SLs and/or KARs are also involved in regulating plant responses and adaptation to various abiotic stresses, particularly nutrient deficiency, drought, salinity, and chilling. There is also crosstalk with other hormone signaling pathways, including auxin, gibberellic acid (GA), abscisic acid (ABA), cytokinin (CK), and ethylene (ET), under normal and abiotic stress conditions. This review briefly covers the biosynthetic and signaling pathways of SLs and KARs, compares their functions in plant growth and development, and reviews the effects of any crosstalk between SLs or KARs and other plant hormones at various stages of plant development. We also focus on the distinct responses, adaptations, and regulatory mechanisms related to SLs and/or KARs in response to various abiotic stresses. The review closes with discussion on ways to gain additional insights into the SL and KAR pathways and the crosstalk between these related phytohormones.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chongying Wang
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0931-8914155; Fax: +86-0931-8914155
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Smoke-Water Enhances Germination and Seedling Growth of Four Horticultural Crops. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8040104. [PMID: 31003496 PMCID: PMC6524032 DOI: 10.3390/plants8040104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The impact of plant-derived smoke as a promoter of seed germination in many crops is well documented. However, very little is known about (1) the appropriate plant species for smoke-water preparation, (2) the effect of smoke-water on the germination and the post-germination parameters in non-fire-prone environments, and (3) the relative importance of dark and light conditions and their possible effects. To fill these gaps in knowledge, we conducted field experiments to evaluate the effect of smoke-water produced from five plant species—white willow, sage, rice straw, rosemary, and lemon eucalyptus—on the germination and seedling growth of cucumber, tomato, scotch marigold, and gladiolus. The seeds and cormels were soaked in smoke-water under light or dark conditions. The results revealed that the smoke-water treatments derived from white willow and lemon eucalyptus enhanced germination, post-germination parameters, and macro element content whilst also contributing to dormancy-breaking. In addition, these smoke-water treatments significantly reduced abscisic acid content and increased α-amylase activity under light conditions; however, the stimulating effects were absent under dark conditions. In conclusion, we provide new evidence that germination and seedling growth in non-fire-prone environments can be enhanced by plant-derived smoke, and that stimulating impacts depend on the plant species used to prepare the smoke-water.
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Banerjee A, Tripathi DK, Roychoudhury A. The karrikin 'calisthenics': Can compounds derived from smoke help in stress tolerance? PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2019; 165:290-302. [PMID: 30203518 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Karrikins (KARs) are unique butenolides derived as a by-product of incomplete combustion during wildfire. Some receptive plant species respond to KARs in the form of accelerated germination. These molecules originate from stress to mediate tolerance against different sub-optimal conditions like oxidative stress, drought and low-light intensity (shade stress). KARs promote seed germination, seedling establishment and ecological diversity by accelerating the abundance of selective communities of plants. The signaling pathway is closely related, yet unique from strigolactones (SLs). Due to the structural relatedness with SLs, KARs have potential roles in mediating abiotic stress tolerance in plants. In addition, the KAR directly/indirectly interact with crucial phytohormones like abscisic acid, gibberellic acid, auxins and ethylene. This article is a summarized update on KAR research in recent times. The exhaustive discussions would be beneficial for understanding the extraordinary strategy devised by nature to protect plants from stress using a molecule which is itself generated out of stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Banerjee
- Department of Biotechnology, St. Xavier's College (Autonomous), Kolkata, 700016, West Bengal, India
| | - Durgesh Kumar Tripathi
- Amity Institute of Organic Agriculture (AIOA), Amity University, Noida, Sector 125, Uttar Pradesh-201313, India
| | - Aryadeep Roychoudhury
- Department of Biotechnology, St. Xavier's College (Autonomous), Kolkata, 700016, West Bengal, India
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Li X, Rehman SU, Yamaguchi H, Hitachi K, Tsuchida K, Yamaguchi T, Sunohara Y, Matsumoto H, Komatsu S. Proteomic analysis of the effect of plant-derived smoke on soybean during recovery from flooding stress. J Proteomics 2018; 181:238-248. [PMID: 29704570 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Flooding negatively affects the growth of soybean, whereas the plant-derived smoke enhances seedling growth of crops. To clarify the mechanism underlying the recovery from flooding stress, proteomic analysis was performed based on morphological results. Growth of soybean seedlings was inhibited under flooding stress, but it recovered after water removal following treatment with plant-derived smoke. Sucrose/starch metabolism and glycolysis were suppressed in smoke-treated flooded soybean compared to flooded soybean. The protein abundance and gene expression of O-fucosyltransferase family proteins related to the cell wall were higher in smoke-treated flooded soybean than in flooded soybean. Protein abundance and gene expression of peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase and Bowman-Birk proteinase isoinhibitor D-II were lower in smoke-treated flooded soybean than in flooded soybean. Taken together, these results suggest that plant-derived smoke enhances soybean growth during recovery from flooding stress through the balance of sucrose/starch metabolism and glycolysis. Furthermore, the accumulation of cell-wall related protein might be an important factor contributing to recovery of soybean from flooding stress. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Flooding negatively affects the growth of soybean, whereas the plant-derived smoke enhances the seedling growth of crops. To clarify the mechanism underlying the recovery from flooding stress, proteomic analysis of soybean with different treatments including normal conditions, flooding stress, and flooding stress in the presence of plant-derived smoke was performed in this study. Growth of soybean seedlings was inhibited under flooding stress, however, it recovered with plant-derived smoke treatment during recovery from flooding stress. Sucrose/starch metabolism and glycolysis were suppressed in smoke-treated flooded soybean compared to flooded soybean, which suggests altered sucrose/starch metabolism and glycolysis contribute to soybean growth recovery from flood stress. Furthermore, the protein abundance and gene expression of O-fucosyltransferase family proteins related to the cell wall was higher in smoke-treated flooded soybean than in flooded soybean, which might be an important factor contributing to the recovery of soybean from flooding stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Li
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
| | - Shafiq Ur Rehman
- Department of Botany, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat 26000, Pakistan
| | - Hisateru Yamaguchi
- Division of Biomedical Polymer Science, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Keisuke Hitachi
- Division for Therapies against Intractable Diseases, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Tsuchida
- Division for Therapies against Intractable Diseases, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Takuya Yamaguchi
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
| | - Yukari Sunohara
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Matsumoto
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
| | - Setsuko Komatsu
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan.
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Rehman A, Rehman SU, Khatoon A, Qasim M, Itoh T, Iwasaki Y, Wang X, Sunohara Y, Matsumoto H, Komatsu S. Proteomic analysis of the promotive effect of plant-derived smoke on plant growth of chickpea. J Proteomics 2018; 176:56-70. [PMID: 29391210 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Plant-derived smoke plays a key role in seed germination and plant growth. To investigate the effect of plant-derived smoke on chickpea, a gel-free/label-free proteomic technique was used. Germination percentage, root/shoot length, and fresh biomass were increased in chickpea treated with 2000 ppm plant-derived smoke within 6 days. On treatment with 2000 ppm plant-derived smoke for 6 days, the abundance of 90 proteins including glycolysis-related proteins significantly changed in chickpea root. Proteins related to signaling and transport were increased; however, protein metabolism, cell, and cell wall were decreased. The sucrose synthase for starch degradation was increased and total soluble sugar was induced. The proteins for nitrate pathway were increased and nitrate content was improved. On the other hand, although secondary metabolism related proteins were decreased, flavonoid contents were increased. Based on proteomic and immuno-blot analyses, proteins related to redox homeostasis were decreased and increased in root and shoot, respectively. Furthermore, fructose‑bisphosphate aldolase was increased; while, phosphotransferase and phosphoglycero mutase were decreased in glycolysis. In addition, phosphoglyceraldehyde‑3‑phosphate dehydrogenase and glutamine synthetase related genes were up-regulated. These results suggest that plant-derived smoke improves early stage of growth in chickpea with the balance of many cascades such as glycolysis, redox homeostasis, and secondary metabolism. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE The current study examined the effects of plant-derived smoke on root of chickpea seedlings using a gel-free/label-free proteomic technique. Based on functional categorization of results from proteomics, proteins related to glycolysis, signaling, transport, protein metabolism, cell wall, and cell were predominantly changed in chickpea. The proteins related to carbohydrate and nitrate pathways were increased, while, those of secondary metabolism were decreased. Physiological analysis indicated that flavonoid, total soluble sugar, and nitrate content were increased in root of chickpea treated with plant-derived smoke for 6 days. Moreover, accumulated protein abundance of glyceraldehyde‑3‑phosphate dehydrogenase and fructose-bisphosphate aldolase was in agreement with immuno-blot results, which suggests that glycolysis process might be enhanced in root of chickpea in response to plant-derived smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Rehman
- Department of Botany, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat 26000, Pakistan; Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
| | - Shafiq Ur Rehman
- Department of Botany, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat 26000, Pakistan
| | - Amana Khatoon
- Department of Botany, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat 26000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Qasim
- Department of Microbiology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat 26000, Pakistan
| | - Takafumi Itoh
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University, Fukui 910-1195, Japan
| | - Yukimoto Iwasaki
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University, Fukui 910-1195, Japan
| | - Xin Wang
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
| | - Yukari Sunohara
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Matsumoto
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
| | - Setsuko Komatsu
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan.
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Shu K, Zhou W, Chen F, Luo X, Yang W. Abscisic Acid and Gibberellins Antagonistically Mediate Plant Development and Abiotic Stress Responses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:416. [PMID: 29636768 PMCID: PMC5881240 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormones regulate numerous important biological processes in plant development and biotic/abiotic stress response cascades. More than 50 and 100 years have passed since the initial discoveries of the phytohormones abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellins (GA), respectively. Over the past several decades, numerous elegant studies have demonstrated that ABA and GA antagonistically regulate many plant developmental processes, including seed maturation, seed dormancy and germination, root initiation, hypocotyl and stem elongation, and floral transition. Furthermore, as a well-established stress hormone, ABA plays a key role in plant responses to abiotic stresses, such as drought, flooding, salinity and low temperature. Interestingly, recent evidence revealed that GA are also involved in plant response to adverse environmental conditions. Consequently, the complex crosstalk networks between ABA and GA, mediated by diverse key regulators, have been extensively investigated and documented. In this updated mini-review, we summarize the most recent advances in our understanding of the antagonistically regulatory roles of ABA and GA in different stages of plant development and in various plant-environment interactions, focusing on the crosstalk between ABA and GA at the levels of phytohormone metabolism and signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Shu
- *Correspondence: Kai Shu, Wenyu Yang,
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Yang C, Li L. Hormonal Regulation in Shade Avoidance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1527. [PMID: 28928761 PMCID: PMC5591575 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
At high vegetation density, shade-intolerant plants sense a reduction in the red (660 nm) to far-red (730 nm) light ratio (R/FR) in addition to a general reduction in light intensity. These light signals trigger a spectrum of morphological changes manifested by growth of stem-like tissue (hypocotyl, petiole, etc.) instead of harvestable organs (leaves, fruits, seeds, etc.)-namely, shade avoidance syndrome (SAS). Common phenotypical changes related to SAS are changes in leaf hyponasty, an increase in hypocotyl and internode elongation and extended petioles. Prolonged shade exposure leads to early flowering, less branching, increased susceptibility to insect herbivory, and decreased seed yield. Thus, shade avoidance significantly impacts on agronomic traits. Many genetic and molecular studies have revealed that phytochromes, cryptochromes and UVR8 (UV-B photoreceptor protein) monitor the changes in light intensity under shade and regulate the stability or activity of phytochrome-interacting factors (PIFs). PIF-governed modulation of the expression of auxin biosynthesis, transporter and signaling genes is the major driver for shade-induced hypocotyl elongation. Besides auxin, gibberellins, brassinosteroids, and ethylene are also required for shade-induced hypocotyl or petiole elongation growth. In leaves, accumulated auxin stimulates cytokinin oxidase expression to break down cytokinins and inhibit leaf growth. In the young buds, shade light promotes the accumulation of abscisic acid to repress branching. Shade light also represses jasmonate- and salicylic acid-induced defense responses to balance resource allocation between growth and defense. Here we will summarize recent findings relating to such hormonal regulation in SAS in Arabidopsis thaliana, Brassica rapa, and certain crops.
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