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Zhong Y, Wu X, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Wei L, Liu Y. The roles of nitric oxide in improving postharvest fruits quality: Crosstalk with phytohormones. Food Chem 2024; 455:139977. [PMID: 38850982 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Nowadays, improving the quality of postharvest fruits has become a hot research topic. Nitric oxide (NO) is often regarded as a signaling molecule that delays the postharvest senescence of fruits. Moreover, phytohormones affect the postharvest senescence of fruits. This review mainly describes how NO improves the postharvest quality of fruits by delaying postharvest fruit senescence, mitigating fruit cold damage and controlling postharvest diseases. Furthermore, the crosstalk of NO and multiple plant hormones effectively delays the postharvest senescence of fruits, and the major crosstalk mechanisms include (1) mediating phytohormone signaling. (2) inhibiting ETH production. (3) stimulating antioxidant enzyme activity. (4) decreasing membrane lipid peroxidation. (5) maintaining membrane integrity. (6) inhibiting respiration rate. (7) regulating gene expression related to fruit senescence. This review concluded the roles and mechanisms of NO in delaying postharvest fruit senescence. In addition, the crosstalk mechanisms between NO and various phytohormones on the regulation of postharvest fruit quality are also highlighted, which provides new ideas for the subsequent research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhong
- Spice Crops Research Institute, College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Xiuqiao Wu
- Spice Crops Research Institute, College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- Spice Crops Research Institute, College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Yiming Zhang
- Spice Crops Research Institute, College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Lijuan Wei
- Spice Crops Research Institute, College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China.
| | - Yiqing Liu
- Spice Crops Research Institute, College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China.
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2
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Lu C, Yan X, Zhang H, Zhong T, Gui A, Liu Y, Pan L, Shao Q. Integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis reveals biosynthesis mechanism of flavone and caffeoylquinic acid in chrysanthemum. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:759. [PMID: 39097683 PMCID: PMC11297764 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10676-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chrysanthemum morifolium 'HangBaiJu', a popular medicinal and edible plant, exerts its biological activities primarily through the presence of flavones and caffeoylquinic acids (CQAs). However, the regulatory mechanism of flavone and CQA biosynthesis in the chrysanthemum capitulum remains unclear. RESULTS In this study, the content of flavones and CQAs during the development of chrysanthemum capitulum was determined by HPLC, revealing an accumulation pattern with higher levels at S1 and S2 and a gradual decrease at S3 to S5. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that CmPAL1/2, CmCHS1/2, CmFNS, CmHQT, and CmHCT were key structural genes in flavones and CQAs biosynthesis. Furthermore, weighted gene co-expression correlation network analysis (WGCNA), k-means clustering, correlation analysis and protein interaction prediction were carried out in this study to identify transcription factors (TFs) associated with flavone and CQA biosynthesis, including MYB, bHLH, AP2/ERF, and MADS-box families. The TFs CmERF/PTI6 and CmCMD77 were proposed to act as upstream regulators of CmMYB3 and CmbHLH143, while CmMYB3 and CmbHLH143 might form a complex to directly regulate the structural genes CmPAL1/2, CmCHS1/2, CmFNS, CmHQT, and CmHCT, thereby controlling flavone and CQA biosynthesis. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these findings provide initial insights into the TF regulatory network underlying flavones and CQAs accumulation in the chrysanthemum capitulum, which laid a theoretical foundation for the quality improvement of C. morifolium 'HangBaiJu' and the high-quality development of the industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenfei Lu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Xiaoyun Yan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Haohao Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Taowei Zhong
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Aijun Gui
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Yuchen Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Lanying Pan
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, 310015, China.
| | - Qingsong Shao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
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3
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Sánchez-Pérez R, Neilson EH. The case for sporadic cyanogenic glycoside evolution in plants. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 81:102608. [PMID: 39089185 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2024.102608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
Cyanogenic glycosides are α-hydroxynitrile glucosides present in approximately 3000 different plant species. Upon tissue disruption, cyanogenic glycosides are hydrolyzed to release toxic hydrogen cyanide as a means of chemical defense. Over 100 different cyanogenic glycosides have been reported, with structural diversity dependent on the precursor amino acid, and subsequent modifications. Cyanogenic glycosides represent a prime example of sporadic metabolite evolution, with the metabolic trait arising multiple times throughout the plant lineage as evidenced by recruitment of different enzyme families for biosynthesis. Here, we review the latest developments within cyanogenic glycoside biosynthesis, and argue possible factors driving sporadic evolution including shared intermediates and crossovers with other metabolic pathways crossovers, and metabolite multifunctionality beyond chemical defense.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elizabeth Hj Neilson
- Plant Biochemistry Section, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen.
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Kushnazarova RA, Mirgorodskaya AB, Vasilieva EA, Lenina OА, Petrov KA, Zakharova LY. New piperidinium surfactants with carbamate fragments as effective adjuvants in insecticide compositions based on imidacloprid. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024. [PMID: 39034816 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surfactants, particularly non-ionic ones, are widely used as adjuvants in pesticide formulations due to their ability to maintain pesticide effectiveness without changing solution properties, such as pH. While non-ionic surfactants are generally low-toxic, stable, and excellent dispersants with high solubilization capabilities, they may be less effective than cationic surfactants, which offer superior surface activity, transport properties, and antimicrobial action. This study investigates the efficacy of new piperidinium surfactants with carbamate fragments as adjuvants in insecticide formulations containing imidacloprid. The efficacy of these formulations is being assessed against greenhouse whitefly, a pest known to harm cultivated and ornamental flowering plants. RESULTS The aggregation behavior of piperidinium surfactants containing carbamate fragments was investigated, and their wetting effect was evaluated. Synthesized surfactants have lower CMC values compared to their methylpiperidinium analogue. The effect of piperidinium surfactants on the insecticide concentration on the surface and inside tomato leaves was assessed using spectrophotometric methods. It was found that the introduction of piperidinium surfactants with carbamate fragment at a concentration of 0.1% wt. allows for decrease in lethal concentration of imidacloprid up to 10 times, thereby testifying the marked increase in the effectiveness of imidacloprid against the greenhouse whitefly insect pest (Trialeurodes vaporariorum). It was shown that the main factors responsible for the enhanced efficacy of the insecticide were the ability of the surfactant to increase the concentration of imidacloprid on the leaf surfaces and improve their penetration into the plant. CONCLUSION The presented work employed a comprehensive approach, which significantly increases the generalizability of the results obtained and provides the ability to predict the effect and target selection of adjuvants. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rushana A Kushnazarova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Alla B Mirgorodskaya
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Elmira A Vasilieva
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Oksana А Lenina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Konstantin A Petrov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Lucia Ya Zakharova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Kazan, Russian Federation
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5
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Xia W, Yang Y, Zhang C, Liu C, Xiao K, Xiao X, Wu J, Shen Y, Zhang L, Su K. Discovery of candidate genes involved in ethylene biosynthesis and signal transduction pathways related to peach bud cold resistance. Front Genet 2024; 15:1438276. [PMID: 39092433 PMCID: PMC11291253 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1438276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Low temperature pose significant challenges to peach cultivation, causing severe damage to peach buds and restricting production and distribution. Ethylene, an important phytohormone, plays a critical role in enhancing plant cold resistance. Structural genes and transcription factors involved in ethylene biosynthesis and signal transduction pathways are associated with cold resistance. However, no research has specifically addressed their roles in peach cold resistance. Methods: In this study, we aimed for cold-resistance gene discovery in cold-sensitive peach cultivar "21Shiji" (21SJ) and cold-resistance cultivar "Shijizhixing" (SJZX) using RNA-seq and gas chromatography. Results: The findings revealed that under cold stress conditions, ethylene biosynthesis in "SJZX" was significantly induced. Subsequently, a structural gene, PpACO1-1, involved in ethylene biosynthesis in peach buds was significantly upregulated and showed a higher correlation with ethylene release rate. To identify potential transcription factors associated with PpACO1-1 expression and ethylene signal transduction, weighted gene co-expression network analysis was conducted using RNA-seq data. Four transcription factors: PpERF2, PpNAC078, PpWRKY65 and PpbHLH112, were identified. Conclusion: These findings provide valuable theoretical insights for investigating the regulatory mechanisms of peach cold resistance and guiding breeding strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqian Xia
- College of Horticulture Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Yupeng Yang
- College of Horticulture Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Chenguang Zhang
- College of Horticulture Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Horticultural Germplasm Excavation and Innovative Utilization, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Chunsheng Liu
- College of Horticulture Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Horticultural Germplasm Excavation and Innovative Utilization, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Kun Xiao
- College of Horticulture Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Horticultural Germplasm Excavation and Innovative Utilization, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- College of Horticulture Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Horticultural Germplasm Excavation and Innovative Utilization, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Junkai Wu
- College of Horticulture Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Horticultural Germplasm Excavation and Innovative Utilization, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Yanhong Shen
- College of Horticulture Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Horticultural Germplasm Excavation and Innovative Utilization, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Libin Zhang
- College of Horticulture Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Horticultural Germplasm Excavation and Innovative Utilization, Qinhuangdao, China
- Hebei Higher Institute Application Technology Research and Development Center of Horticultural Plant Biological Breeding, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Kai Su
- College of Horticulture Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Horticultural Germplasm Excavation and Innovative Utilization, Qinhuangdao, China
- Hebei Higher Institute Application Technology Research and Development Center of Horticultural Plant Biological Breeding, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
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6
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Li Y, Tao Y, Bai A, Yu Z, Yuan S, Wang H, Liu T, Hou X, Li Y. High expression of ethylene response factor BcERF98 delays the flowering time of non-heading Chinese cabbage. PLANTA 2024; 260:50. [PMID: 38990341 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04479-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION BcERF98 is induced by ethylene signaling and inhibits the expression of BcFT by interacting with BcNF-YA2 and BcEIP9, thereby inhibiting plant flowering. Several stresses trigger the accumulation of ethylene, which then transmits the signal to ethylene response factors (ERFs) to participate in the regulation of plant development to adapt to the environment. This study clarifies the function of BcERF98, a homolog of AtERF98, in the regulation of plant flowering time mediated by high concentrations of ethylene. Results indicate that BcERF98 is a nuclear and the cell membrane-localized transcription factor and highly responsive to ethylene signaling. BcERF98 inhibits the expression of BcFT by interacting with BcEIP9 and BcNF-YA2, which are related to flowering time regulation, thereby participating in ethylene-mediated plant late flowering regulation. The results have enriched the theoretical knowledge of flowering regulation in non-heading Chinese cabbage (NHCC), providing the scientific basis and gene reserves for cultivating new varieties of NHCC with different flowering times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yu Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Aimei Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhanghong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shuilin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Haibin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tongkun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xilin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
- Nanjing Suman Plasma Engineering Research Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Wang Y, Xu T, Qi J, Liu K, Zhang M, Si C. Nano/micro flexible fiber and paper-based advanced functional packaging materials. Food Chem 2024; 458:140329. [PMID: 38991239 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Recently, fiber-based and functional paper food packaging has garnered significant attention for its versatility, excellent performance, and potential to provide sustainable solutions to the food packaging industry. Fiber-based food packaging is characterized by its large surface area, adjustable porosity and customizability, while functional paper-based food packaging typically exhibits good mechanical strength and barrier properties. This review summarizes the latest research progress on food packaging based on fibers and functional paper. Firstly, the raw materials used for preparing fiber and functional paper, along with their physical and chemical properties and roles in food packaging, were discussed. Subsequently, the latest advancements in the application of fiber and paper materials in food packaging were introduced. This paper also discusses future research directions and potential areas for improvement in fiber and functional paper food packaging to further enhance their effectiveness in ensuring food safety, quality, and sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Ting Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Robustnique Co. Ltd. Block C, Phase II, Pioneer Park, Lanyuan Road, Tianjin 300384, China.
| | - Junjie Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Kun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Chuanling Si
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Robustnique Co. Ltd. Block C, Phase II, Pioneer Park, Lanyuan Road, Tianjin 300384, China.
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8
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Long Y, Zeng J, Liu X, Wang Z, Tong Q, Zhou R, Liu X. Transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling reveals molecular regulatory network involved in flower development and phenotypic changes in two Lonicera macranthoides varieties. 3 Biotech 2024; 14:174. [PMID: 38855147 PMCID: PMC11153451 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-024-04019-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to the medicinal importance of the flowers of Xianglei type (XL) Lonicera macranthoides, it is important to understand the molecular mechanisms that underlie their development. In this study, we elucidated the transcriptomic and metabolomic mechanisms that underlie the flower development mechanism of two L. macranthoides varieties. In this study, 3435 common differentially expressed unigenes (DEGs) and 1138 metabolites were identified. These common DEGs were mainly enriched in plant hormone signal transduction pathways. Metabolomic analysis showed that amino acids were the main metabolites of differential accumulation in wild-type (WT) L. macranthoides, whereas in XL, they were flavonoids and phenylalanine metabolites. Genes and transcription factors (TFs), such as MYB340, histone deacetylase 1 (HDT1), small auxin-up RNA 32 (SAUR32), auxin response factor 6 (ARF6), PIN-LIKES 7 (PILS7), and WRKY6, likely drive metabolite accumulation. Plant hormone signals, especially auxin signals, and various TFs induce downstream flower organ recognition genes, resulting in a differentiation of the two L. macranthoides varieties in terms of their developmental trajectories. In addition, photoperiodic, autonomous, and plant hormone pathways jointly regulated the L. macranthoides corolla opening. SAUR32, Arabidopsis response regulator 9 (ARR9), Gibberellin receptor (GID1B), and Constans-like 10 (COL10) were closely related to the unfolding of the L. macranthoides corolla. These findings offer valuable understanding of the flower growth process of L. macranthoides and the excellent XL phenotypes at the molecular level. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-024-04019-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- YuQing Long
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208 Hunan Province China
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources and Standardized Planting of Hunan Large-Scale Genuine Medicinal Materials, Changsha, 410208 Hunan Province China
| | - Juan Zeng
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208 Hunan Province China
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources and Standardized Planting of Hunan Large-Scale Genuine Medicinal Materials, Changsha, 410208 Hunan Province China
| | - XiaoRong Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208 Hunan Province China
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources and Standardized Planting of Hunan Large-Scale Genuine Medicinal Materials, Changsha, 410208 Hunan Province China
| | - ZhiHui Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208 Hunan Province China
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources and Standardized Planting of Hunan Large-Scale Genuine Medicinal Materials, Changsha, 410208 Hunan Province China
| | - QiaoZhen Tong
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208 Hunan Province China
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources and Standardized Planting of Hunan Large-Scale Genuine Medicinal Materials, Changsha, 410208 Hunan Province China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Research of TCM, Education Department of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410208 Hunan Province China
| | - RiBao Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208 Hunan Province China
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources and Standardized Planting of Hunan Large-Scale Genuine Medicinal Materials, Changsha, 410208 Hunan Province China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Research of TCM, Education Department of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410208 Hunan Province China
| | - XiangDan Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208 Hunan Province China
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources and Standardized Planting of Hunan Large-Scale Genuine Medicinal Materials, Changsha, 410208 Hunan Province China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Research of TCM, Education Department of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410208 Hunan Province China
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9
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Baiyin B, Xiang Y, Shao Y, Son JE, Yamada S, Tagawa K, Yang Q. Effect of Nutrient Solution Flow on Lettuce Root Morphology in Hydroponics: A Multi-Omics Analysis of Hormone Synthesis and Signal Transduction. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14435. [PMID: 39036950 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
This study examined how the nutrient flow environment affects lettuce root morphology in hydroponics using multi-omics analysis. The results indicate that increasing the nutrient flow rate initially increased indicators such as fresh root weight, root length, surface area, volume, and average diameter before declining, which mirrors the trend observed for shoot fresh weight. Furthermore, a high-flow environment significantly increased root tissue density. Further analysis using Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) and Weighted Protein Co-expression Network Analysis (WPCNA) identified modules that were highly correlated with phenotypes and hormones. The analysis revealed a significant enrichment of hormone signal transduction pathways. Differences in the expression of genes and proteins related to hormone synthesis and transduction pathways were observed among the different flow conditions. These findings suggest that nutrient flow may regulate hormone levels and signal transmission by modulating the genes and proteins associated with hormone biosynthesis and signaling pathways, thereby influencing root morphology. These findings should support the development of effective methods for regulating the flow of nutrients in hydroponic contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bateer Baiyin
- Research Center for Smart Horticulture Engineering, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu National Agricultural Science & Technology Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Yue Xiang
- Research Center for Smart Horticulture Engineering, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu National Agricultural Science & Technology Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Shao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jung Eek Son
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Satoshi Yamada
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Kotaro Tagawa
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Qichang Yang
- Research Center for Smart Horticulture Engineering, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu National Agricultural Science & Technology Center, Chengdu, China
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10
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Chang W, Zhao H, Chen H, Jiao G, Yu J, Wang B, Xia H, Meng B, Li X, Yu M, Li S, Qian M, Fan Y, Zhang K, Lei B, Lu K. Transcription factor NtNAC56 regulates jasmonic acid-induced leaf senescence in tobacco. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:1925-1940. [PMID: 38427921 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Leaf senescence is a vital aspect of plant physiology and stress responses and is induced by endogenous factors and environmental cues. The plant-specific NAC (NAM, ATAF1/2, CUC2) transcription factor family influences growth, development, and stress responses in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and other species. However, the roles of NACs in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) leaf senescence are still unclear. Here, we report that NtNAC56 regulates leaf senescence in tobacco. Transgenic plants overexpressing NtNAC56 (NtNAC56-OE) showed induction of senescence-related genes and exhibited early senescence and lower chlorophyll content compared to wild-type (WT) plants and the Ntnac56-19 mutant. In addition, root development and seed germination were inhibited in the NtNAC56-OE lines. Transmission electron microscopy observations accompanied by physiological and biochemical assays revealed that NtNAC56 overexpression triggers chloroplast degradation and reactive oxygen species accumulation in tobacco leaves. Transcriptome analysis demonstrated that NtNAC56 activates leaf senescence-related genes and jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis pathway genes. In addition, the JA content of NtNAC56-OE plants was higher than in WT plants, and JA treatment induced NtNAC56 expression. We performed DNA affinity purification sequencing to identify direct targets of NtNAC56, among which we focused on LIPOXYGENASE 5 (NtLOX5), a key gene in JA biosynthesis. A dual-luciferase reporter assay and a yeast one-hybrid assay confirmed that NtNAC56 directly binds to the TTTCTT motif in the NtLOX5 promoter. Our results reveal a mechanism whereby NtNAC56 regulates JA-induced leaf senescence in tobacco and provide a strategy for genetically manipulating leaf senescence and plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Huina Zhao
- Molecular Genetics Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, China National Tobacco Corporation, Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Hongqiao Chen
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Guixiang Jiao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Molecular Genetics Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, China National Tobacco Corporation, Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Molecular Genetics Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, China National Tobacco Corporation, Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Haiqian Xia
- Molecular Genetics Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, China National Tobacco Corporation, Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Boyu Meng
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Mengna Yu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Shengting Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Mingchao Qian
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yonghai Fan
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Bo Lei
- Molecular Genetics Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, China National Tobacco Corporation, Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Kun Lu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
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11
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Chiu I, Ye H, Aayush K, Yang T. Intelligent food packaging for smart sensing of food safety. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2024; 111:215-259. [PMID: 39103214 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2024.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
In this contemporary era, with over 8 billion people worldwide, ensuring food safety has become more critical than ever. To address this concern, the introduction of intelligent packaging marks a significant breakthrough. Essentially, this innovation tackles the challenge of rapid deterioration in perishable foods, which is vital to the well-being of communities and food safety. Unlike traditional methods that primarily emphasize shelf-life extension, intelligent packaging goes further by incorporating advanced sensing technologies to detect signs of spoilage and contamination in real-time, such as changes in temperature, oxygen levels, carbon dioxide levels, humidity, and the presence of harmful microorganisms. The innovation can rely on various packaging materials like plastics, metals, papers, or biodegradable polymers, combined with sophisticated sensing techniques such as colorimetric sensors, time-temperature indicators, radio-frequency identification tags, electronic noses, or biosensors. Together, these elements form a dynamic and tailored packaging system. This system not only protects food from spoilage but also offers stakeholders immediate and adequate information about food quality. Moreover, the real-world application on seafood, meat, dairy, fruits, and vegetables demonstrates the feasibility of using intelligent packaging to significantly enhance the safety and shelf life of a wide variety of perishable goods. By adopting intelligent packaging for smart sensing solutions, both the food industry and consumers can significantly reduce health risks linked with contamination and reduce unnecessary food waste. This underscores the crucial role of intelligent packaging in modern food safety and distribution systems, showcasing an effective fusion of technology, safety, and sustainability efforts aimed at nourishing a rapidly growing global population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivy Chiu
- Food, Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Haoxin Ye
- Food, Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Krishna Aayush
- Food, Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tianxi Yang
- Food, Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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12
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Gu S, Xie L, Guan Q, Sheng X, Fang Y, Wang X. Effect of ethylene production by four pathogenic fungi on the postharvest diseases of green pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 418:110729. [PMID: 38696986 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2024.110729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Ethylene produced by plants generally induces ripening and promotes decay, whereas the effect of ethylene produced by pathogens on plant diseases remains unclear. In this study, four ethylene-producing fungi including Alternaria alternata (A. alternata, Aa), Fusarium verticilliodes (F. verticillioides, Fv), Fusarium fujikuroi 1 (F. fujikuroi 1, Ff-1) and Fusarium fujikuroi 2 (F. fujikuroi 2, Ff-2) were severally inoculated in potato dextrose broth (PDB) media and postharvest green peppers, the ethylene production rates, disease indexes and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were determined. The results showed that Ff-2 and Fv in the PDB media had the highest and almost the same ethylene production rates. After inoculation with green peppers, Ff-2 treated group still exhibited the highest ethylene production rate, whereas Aa treated group had a weak promotion effect on ethylene production. Moreover, the ethylene production rate of green peppers with mechanical injury was twice that without mechanical injury, and the ethylene production rates of green peppers treated with Aa, Ff-1, Ff-2 and Fv were 1.2, 2.6, 3.8 and 2.8 folds than those of green peppers without treatment, respectively. These results indicated that pathogen infection stimulated the synthesis of ethylene in green peppers. Correlation analysis indicated that the degreening of Fusarium-infected green pepper was significantly positively correlated with the ethylene production rate of green pepper, whereas the disease spot of Aa-infected green pepper had a significant positive correlations with the ethylene production rate of green peppers. Chlorophyll fluorescence results showed that the green peppers already suffered from severe disease after being infected with fungi for 4 days, and Fusarium infection caused early and serious stress, while the harm caused by A. alternata was relatively mild at the early stage. Our results clearly showed that α-keto-γ-methylthiobutyric acid (KMBA)-mediated ethylene synthesis was the major ethylene synthesis pathway in the four postharvest pathogenic fungi. All the results obtained suggested that ethylene might be the main infection factor of Fusarium spp. in green peppers. For pathogenic fungi, stimulating green peppers to produce high level of ethylene played a key role in the degreening of green peppers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Gu
- Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Postharvest and Processing Technology Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China; Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Lin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Postharvest and Processing Technology Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Qiuyue Guan
- Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Postharvest and Processing Technology Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Xuerong Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Postharvest and Processing Technology Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Yonggang Fang
- Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Postharvest and Processing Technology Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Xiangyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Postharvest and Processing Technology Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China.
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13
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Luo Y, Li Y, Yin X, Deng W, Liao J, Pan Y, Jiang B, Yang H, Ding K, Jia Y. Transcriptomics analyses reveal the key genes involved in stamen petaloid formation in Alcea rosea L. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:551. [PMID: 38877392 PMCID: PMC11177533 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05263-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Alcea rosea L. is a traditional flower with a long cultivation history. It is extensively cultivated in China and is widely planted in green belt parks or used as cut flowers and potted ornamental because of its rich colors and flower shapes. Double-petal A. rosea flowers have a higher aesthetic value compared to single-petal flowers, a phenomenon determined by stamen petaloid. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of this phenomenon is still very unclear. In this study, an RNA-based comparative transcriptomic analysis was performed between the normal petal and stamen petaloid petal of A. rosea. A total of 3,212 differential expressed genes (DEGs), including 2,620 up-regulated DEGs and 592 down-regulated DEGs, were identified from 206,188 unigenes. Numerous DEGs associated with stamen petaloid were identified through GO and KEGG enrichment analysis. Notably, there were 63 DEGs involved in the plant hormone synthesis and signal transduction, including auxin, cytokinin, gibberellin, abscisic acid, ethylene, brassinosteroid, jasmonic acid, and salicylic acid signaling pathway and 56 key transcription factors (TFs), such as MADS-box, bHLH, GRAS, and HSF. The identification of these DEGs provides an important clue for studying the regulation pathway and mechanism of stamen petaloid formation in A. rosea and provides valuable information for molecular plant breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzhi Luo
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yifeng Li
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiancai Yin
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Wanqing Deng
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jianwei Liao
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yuanzhi Pan
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Beibei Jiang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Hongchen Yang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Keying Ding
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yin Jia
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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14
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Mishra SK, Chaudhary C, Baliyan S, Poonia AK, Sirohi P, Kanwar M, Gazal S, Kumari A, Sircar D, Germain H, Chauhan H. Heat-stress-responsive HvHSFA2e gene regulates the heat and drought tolerance in barley through modulation of phytohormone and secondary metabolic pathways. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:172. [PMID: 38874775 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03251-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE The heat stress transcription factor HSFA2e regulates both temperature and drought response via hormonal and secondary metabolism alterations. High temperature and drought are the primary yield-limiting environmental constraints for staple food crops. Heat shock transcription factors (HSF) terminally regulate the plant abiotic stress responses to maintain growth and development under extreme environmental conditions. HSF genes of subclass A2 predominantly express under heat stress (HS) and activate the transcriptional cascade of defense-related genes. In this study, a highly heat-inducible HSF, HvHSFA2e was constitutively expressed in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) to investigate its role in abiotic stress response and plant development. Transgenic barley plants displayed enhanced heat and drought tolerance in terms of increased chlorophyll content, improved membrane stability, reduced lipid peroxidation, and less accumulation of ROS in comparison to wild-type (WT) plants. Transcriptome analysis revealed that HvHSFA2e positively regulates the expression of abiotic stress-related genes encoding HSFs, HSPs, and enzymatic antioxidants, contributing to improved stress tolerance in transgenic plants. The major genes of ABA biosynthesis pathway, flavonoid, and terpene metabolism were also upregulated in transgenics. Our findings show that HvHSFA2e-mediated upregulation of heat-responsive genes, modulation in ABA and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways enhance drought and heat stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Kumar Mishra
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247 667, Uttarakhand, India
- Magadh University, BodhGaya, 824234, Bihar, India
| | - Chanderkant Chaudhary
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247 667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Suchi Baliyan
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247 667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Anuj Kumar Poonia
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247 667, Uttarakhand, India
- Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - Parul Sirohi
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247 667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Meenakshi Kanwar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247 667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Snehi Gazal
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 Bd des Forges, Trois-Rivières, QC, G9A 5H9, Canada
| | - Annu Kumari
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247 667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Debabrata Sircar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247 667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Hugo Germain
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 Bd des Forges, Trois-Rivières, QC, G9A 5H9, Canada
| | - Harsh Chauhan
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247 667, Uttarakhand, India.
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15
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Heslop-Harrison G, Nakabayashi K, Espinosa-Ruiz A, Robertson F, Baines R, Thompson CRL, Hermann K, Alabadí D, Leubner-Metzger G, Williams RSB. Functional mechanism study of the allelochemical myrigalone A identifies a group of ultrapotent inhibitors of ethylene biosynthesis in plants. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 5:100846. [PMID: 38460510 PMCID: PMC11211550 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2024.100846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Allelochemicals represent a class of natural products released by plants as root, leaf, and fruit exudates that interfere with the growth and survival of neighboring plants. Understanding how allelochemicals function to regulate plant responses may provide valuable new approaches to better control plant function. One such allelochemical, Myrigalone A (MyA) produced by Myrica gale, inhibits seed germination and seedling growth through an unknown mechanism. Here, we investigate MyA using the tractable model Dictyostelium discoideum and reveal that its activity depends on the conserved homolog of the plant ethylene synthesis protein 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase (ACO). Furthermore, in silico modeling predicts the direct binding of MyA to ACO within the catalytic pocket. In D. discoideum, ablation of ACO mimics the MyA-dependent developmental delay, which is partially restored by exogenous ethylene, and MyA reduces ethylene production. In Arabidopsis thaliana, MyA treatment delays seed germination, and this effect is rescued by exogenous ethylene. It also mimics the effect of established ACO inhibitors on root and hypocotyl extension, blocks ethylene-dependent root hair production, and reduces ethylene production. Finally, in silico binding analyses identify a range of highly potent ethylene inhibitors that block ethylene-dependent response and reduce ethylene production in Arabidopsis. Thus, we demonstrate a molecular mechanism by which the allelochemical MyA reduces ethylene biosynthesis and identify a range of ultrapotent inhibitors of ethylene-regulated responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Heslop-Harrison
- Centre for Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Kazumi Nakabayashi
- Centre for Plant Molecular Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Ana Espinosa-Ruiz
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (CSIC-UPV), 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Francesca Robertson
- Centre for Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK; Centre for Plant Molecular Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Robert Baines
- Centre for Life's Origins and Evolution, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK
| | - Christopher R L Thompson
- Centre for Life's Origins and Evolution, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - David Alabadí
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (CSIC-UPV), 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Gerhard Leubner-Metzger
- Centre for Plant Molecular Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Robin S B Williams
- Centre for Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK.
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16
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Bungala LTDC, Park C, Dique JEL, Sathasivam R, Shin SY, Park SU. Ethylene: A Modulator of the Phytohormone-Mediated Insect Herbivory Network in Plants. INSECTS 2024; 15:404. [PMID: 38921119 PMCID: PMC11203721 DOI: 10.3390/insects15060404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Plants have evolved to establish insect herbivory defences by modulating their metabolism, growth, and development. Precise networks of phytohormones are essential to induce those herbivory defences. Gaseous phytohormone ET plays an important role in forming herbivory defences. Its role in insect herbivory is not fully understood, but previous studies have shown that it can both positively and negatively regulate herbivory. This review presents recent findings on crosstalk between ET and other phytohormones in herbivory responses. Additionally, the use of exogenous ETH treatment to induce ET in response to herbivory is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonel Tarcisio da Cristina Bungala
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; (L.T.d.C.B.); (C.P.); (R.S.)
- Mozambique Agricultural Research Institute, Central Regional Center, Highway N° 6, Chimoio P.O. Box 42, Mozambique;
| | - Chanung Park
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; (L.T.d.C.B.); (C.P.); (R.S.)
| | - José Eulário Lampi Dique
- Mozambique Agricultural Research Institute, Central Regional Center, Highway N° 6, Chimoio P.O. Box 42, Mozambique;
- Department of Biology, Natural Science Institute, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras 37203-202, Brazil
| | - Ramaraj Sathasivam
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; (L.T.d.C.B.); (C.P.); (R.S.)
| | - Su Young Shin
- Using Technology Development Department, Bio-Resources Research Division, Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources (NNIBR), 137, Donam 2-gil, Sangju-si 37242, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Un Park
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; (L.T.d.C.B.); (C.P.); (R.S.)
- Department of Smart Agriculture Systems, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
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17
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Farooq S, Lone ML, Ul Haq A, Parveen S, Altaf F, Tahir I. Signalling cascades choreographing petal cell death: implications for postharvest quality. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 114:63. [PMID: 38805152 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-024-01449-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Senescence is a multifaceted and dynamic developmental phase pivotal in the plant's lifecycle, exerting significant influence and involving intricate regulatory mechanisms marked by a variety of structural, biochemical and molecular alterations. Biochemical changes, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, membrane deterioration, nucleic acid degradation and protein degradation, characterize flower senescence. The progression of senescence entails a meticulously orchestrated network of interconnected molecular mechanisms and signalling pathways, ensuring its synchronized and efficient execution. Within flowering plants, petal senescence emerges as a crucial aspect significantly impacting flower longevity and postharvest quality, emphasizing the pressing necessity of unravelling the underlying signalling cascades orchestrating this process. Understanding the complex signalling pathways regulating petal senescence holds paramount importance, not only shedding light on the broader phenomenon of plant senescence but also paving the way for the development of targeted strategies to enhance the postharvest longevity of cut flowers. Various signalling pathways participate in petal senescence, encompassing hormone signalling, calcium signalling, protein kinase signalling and ROS signalling. Among these, the ethylene signalling pathway is extensively studied, and the manipulation of genes associated with ethylene biosynthesis or signal transduction has demonstrated the potential to enhance flower longevity. A thorough understanding of these complex pathways is critical for effectively delaying flower senescence, thereby enhancing postharvest quality and ornamental value. Therefore, this review adopts a viewpoint that combines fundamental research into the molecular intricacies of senescence with a practical orientation towards developing strategies for improving the postharvest quality of cut flowers. The innovation of this review is to shed light on the pivotal signalling cascades underpinning flower senescence and offer insights into potential approaches for modulating these pathways to postpone petal senescence in ornamental plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumira Farooq
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India
| | - Mohammad Lateef Lone
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India
| | - Aehsan Ul Haq
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India
| | - Shazia Parveen
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India
| | - Foziya Altaf
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India
| | - Inayatullah Tahir
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India.
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18
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Sevillano-Caño J, García MJ, Córdoba-Galván C, Luque-Cruz C, Agustí-Brisach C, Lucena C, Ramos J, Pérez-Vicente R, Romera FJ. Exploring the Role of Debaryomyces hansenii as Biofertilizer in Iron-Deficient Environments to Enhance Plant Nutrition and Crop Production Sustainability. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5729. [PMID: 38891917 PMCID: PMC11171756 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The European "Green Deal" policies are shifting toward more sustainable and environmentally conscious agricultural practices, reducing the use of chemical fertilizer and pesticides. This implies exploring alternative strategies. One promising alternative to improve plant nutrition and reinforce plant defenses is the use of beneficial microorganisms in the rhizosphere, such as "Plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria and fungi". Despite the great abundance of iron (Fe) in the Earth's crust, its poor solubility in calcareous soil makes Fe deficiency a major agricultural issue worldwide. Among plant promoting microorganisms, the yeast Debaryomyces hansenii has been very recently incorporated, for its ability to induce morphological and physiological key responses to Fe deficiency in plants, under hydroponic culture conditions. The present work takes it a step further and explores the potential of D. hansenii to improve plant nutrition and stimulate growth in cucumber plants grown in calcareous soil, where ferric chlorosis is common. Additionally, the study examines D. hansenii's ability to induce systemic resistance (ISR) through a comparative relative expression study by qRT-PCR of ethylene (ET) biosynthesis (ACO1), or ET signaling (EIN2 and EIN3), and salicylic acid (SA) biosynthesis (PAL)-related genes. The results mark a significant milestone since D. hansenii not only enhances nutrient uptake and stimulates plant growth and flower development but could also amplify induced systemic resistance (ISR). Although there is still much work ahead, these findings make D. hansenii a promising candidate to be used for sustainable and environmentally friendly integrated crop management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Sevillano-Caño
- Departamento de Agronomía (DAUCO) María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence 2021–2024, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario de Rabanales (ceiA3), Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (J.S.-C.); (C.C.-G.); (C.L.-C.); (C.A.-B.); (C.L.); (F.J.R.)
| | - María José García
- Departamento de Agronomía (DAUCO) María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence 2021–2024, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario de Rabanales (ceiA3), Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (J.S.-C.); (C.C.-G.); (C.L.-C.); (C.A.-B.); (C.L.); (F.J.R.)
| | - Clara Córdoba-Galván
- Departamento de Agronomía (DAUCO) María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence 2021–2024, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario de Rabanales (ceiA3), Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (J.S.-C.); (C.C.-G.); (C.L.-C.); (C.A.-B.); (C.L.); (F.J.R.)
| | - Carmen Luque-Cruz
- Departamento de Agronomía (DAUCO) María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence 2021–2024, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario de Rabanales (ceiA3), Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (J.S.-C.); (C.C.-G.); (C.L.-C.); (C.A.-B.); (C.L.); (F.J.R.)
| | - Carlos Agustí-Brisach
- Departamento de Agronomía (DAUCO) María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence 2021–2024, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario de Rabanales (ceiA3), Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (J.S.-C.); (C.C.-G.); (C.L.-C.); (C.A.-B.); (C.L.); (F.J.R.)
| | - Carlos Lucena
- Departamento de Agronomía (DAUCO) María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence 2021–2024, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario de Rabanales (ceiA3), Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (J.S.-C.); (C.C.-G.); (C.L.-C.); (C.A.-B.); (C.L.); (F.J.R.)
| | - José Ramos
- Departamento de Química Agrícola, Edafología y Microbiología, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario de Rabanales (ceiA3), Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain;
| | - Rafael Pérez-Vicente
- Departamento de Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología Vegetal, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario de Rabanales (ceiA3), Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain;
| | - Francisco Javier Romera
- Departamento de Agronomía (DAUCO) María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence 2021–2024, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario de Rabanales (ceiA3), Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (J.S.-C.); (C.C.-G.); (C.L.-C.); (C.A.-B.); (C.L.); (F.J.R.)
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19
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Wang Y, Deng C, Zhao L, Dimkpa CO, Elmer WH, Wang B, Sharma S, Wang Z, Dhankher OP, Xing B, White JC. Time-Dependent and Coating Modulation of Tomato Response upon Sulfur Nanoparticle Internalization and Assimilation: An Orthogonal Mechanistic Investigation. ACS NANO 2024; 18:11813-11827. [PMID: 38657165 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c00512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Nanoenabled strategies have recently attracted attention as a sustainable platform for agricultural applications. Here, we present a mechanistic understanding of nanobiointeraction through an orthogonal investigation. Pristine (nS) and stearic acid surface-modified (cS) sulfur nanoparticles (NPs) as a multifunctional nanofertilizer were applied to tomato (Solanum lycopersicumL.) through soil. Both nS and cS increased root mass by 73% and 81% and increased shoot weight by 35% and 50%, respectively, compared to the untreated controls. Bulk sulfur (bS) and ionic sulfate (iS) had no such stimulatory effect. Notably, surface modification of S NPs had a positive impact, as cS yielded 38% and 51% greater shoot weight compared to nS at 100 and 200 mg/L, respectively. Moreover, nS and cS significantly improved leaf photosynthesis by promoting the linear electron flow, quantum yield of photosystem II, and relative chlorophyll content. The time-dependent gene expression related to two S bioassimilation and signaling pathways showed a specific role of NP surface physicochemical properties. Additionally, a time-dependent Global Test and machine learning strategy applied to understand the NP surface modification domain metabolomic profiling showed that cS increased the contents of IA, tryptophan, tomatidine, and scopoletin in plant leaves compared to the other treatments. These findings provide critical mechanistic insights into the use of nanoscale sulfur as a multifunctional soil amendment to enhance plant performance as part of nanoenabled agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, 123 Huntington St., New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Chaoyi Deng
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, 123 Huntington St., New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Lijuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Christian O Dimkpa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, 123 Huntington St., New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Wade H Elmer
- Department of Plant Pathology and Ecology, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, 123 Huntington St., New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Bofei Wang
- Computational Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West Univ. Ave., El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Sudhir Sharma
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution control, and School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Om Parkash Dhankher
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Jason C White
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, 123 Huntington St., New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
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20
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Lu J, Zhang G, Ma C, Li Y, Jiang C, Wang Y, Zhang B, Wang R, Qiu Y, Ma Y, Jia Y, Jiang CZ, Sun X, Ma N, Jiang Y, Gao J. The F-box protein RhSAF destabilizes the gibberellic acid receptor RhGID1 to mediate ethylene-induced petal senescence in rose. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:1736-1754. [PMID: 38315889 PMCID: PMC11062431 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koae035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Roses are among the most popular ornamental plants cultivated worldwide for their great economic, symbolic, and cultural importance. Nevertheless, rapid petal senescence markedly reduces rose (Rosa hybrida) flower quality and value. Petal senescence is a developmental process tightly regulated by various phytohormones. Ethylene accelerates petal senescence, while gibberellic acid (GA) delays this process. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the crosstalk between these phytohormones in the regulation of petal senescence remain largely unclear. Here, we identified SENESCENCE-ASSOCIATED F-BOX (RhSAF), an ethylene-induced F-box protein gene encoding a recognition subunit of the SCF-type E3 ligase. We demonstrated that RhSAF promotes degradation of the GA receptor GIBBERELLIN INSENSITIVE DWARF1 (RhGID1) to accelerate petal senescence. Silencing RhSAF expression delays petal senescence, while suppressing RhGID1 expression accelerates petal senescence. RhSAF physically interacts with RhGID1s and targets them for ubiquitin/26S proteasome-mediated degradation. Accordingly, ethylene-induced RhGID1C degradation and RhDELLA3 accumulation are compromised in RhSAF-RNAi lines. Our results demonstrate that ethylene antagonizes GA activity through RhGID1 degradation mediated by the E3 ligase RhSAF. These findings enhance our understanding of the phytohormone crosstalk regulating petal senescence and provide insights for improving flower longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyun Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guifang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yao Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chuyan Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yaru Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bingjie Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuexuan Qiu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yanxing Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yangchao Jia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Cai-Zhong Jiang
- Crops Pathology and Genetic Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Xiaoming Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Nan Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yunhe Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Junping Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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21
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Deng J, Huang X, Chen J, Vanholme B, Guo J, He Y, Qin W, Zhang J, Yang W, Liu J. Shade stress triggers ethylene biosynthesis to accelerate soybean senescence and impede nitrogen remobilization. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 210:108658. [PMID: 38677188 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
In gramineae-soybean intercropping systems, shade stress caused by taller plants impacts soybean growth specifically during the reproductive stage. However, the effects of shade stress on soybean senescence remain largely unexplored. In this research, we applied artificial shade treatments with intensities of 75% (S75) and 50% (S50) to soybean plants at the onset of flowering to simulate the shade stress experienced by soybeans in the traditional and optimized maize-soybean intercropping systems, respectively. Compared to the normal light control, both shade treatments led to a rapid decline in the dry matter content of soybean vegetative organs and accelerated their abscission. Moreover, shade treatments triggered the degradation of chlorophyll and soluble proteins in leaves and increased the expression of genes associated with leaf senescence. Metabolic profiling further revealed that ethylene biosynthesis and signal transduction were induced by shade treatment. In addition, the examination of nitrogen content demonstrated that shade treatments impeded the remobilization of nitrogen in vegetative tissues, consequently reducing the seed nitrogen harvest. It's worth noting that these negative effects were less pronounced under the S50 treatment compared to the S75 treatment. Taken together, this research demonstrates that shade stress during the reproductive stage accelerates soybean senescence and impedes nitrogen remobilization, while optimizing the field layout to improve soybean growth light conditions could mitigate these challenges in the maize-soybean intercropping system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juncai Deng
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, Sichuan, 625014, China; Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Xiangqing Huang
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Jianhua Chen
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Bartel Vanholme
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, B-9052, Gent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 71, B-9052, Gent, Belgium
| | - Jinya Guo
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, Sichuan, 625014, China
| | - Yuanyuan He
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Wenting Qin
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, Sichuan, 625014, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Wenyu Yang
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
| | - Jiang Liu
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, Sichuan, 625014, China; Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
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22
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Ali J, Mukarram M, Ojo J, Dawam N, Riyazuddin R, Ghramh HA, Khan KA, Chen R, Kurjak D, Bayram A. Harnessing Phytohormones: Advancing Plant Growth and Defence Strategies for Sustainable Agriculture. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14307. [PMID: 38705723 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Phytohormones, pivotal regulators of plant growth and development, are increasingly recognized for their multifaceted roles in enhancing crop resilience against environmental stresses. In this review, we provide a comprehensive synthesis of current research on utilizing phytohormones to enhance crop productivity and fortify their defence mechanisms. Initially, we introduce the significance of phytohormones in orchestrating plant growth, followed by their potential utilization in bolstering crop defences against diverse environmental stressors. Our focus then shifts to an in-depth exploration of phytohormones and their pivotal roles in mediating plant defence responses against biotic stressors, particularly insect pests. Furthermore, we highlight the potential impact of phytohormones on agricultural production while underscoring the existing research gaps and limitations hindering their widespread implementation in agricultural practices. Despite the accumulating body of research in this field, the integration of phytohormones into agriculture remains limited. To address this discrepancy, we propose a comprehensive framework for investigating the intricate interplay between phytohormones and sustainable agriculture. This framework advocates for the adoption of novel technologies and methodologies to facilitate the effective deployment of phytohormones in agricultural settings and also emphasizes the need to address existing research limitations through rigorous field studies. By outlining a roadmap for advancing the utilization of phytohormones in agriculture, this review aims to catalyse transformative changes in agricultural practices, fostering sustainability and resilience in agricultural settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamin Ali
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Mohammad Mukarram
- Food and Plant Biology Group, Department of Plant Biology, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - James Ojo
- Department of Crop Production, Kwara State University, Malete, Nigeria
| | - Nancy Dawam
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Plateau State University Bokkos, Diram, Nigeria
| | | | - Hamed A Ghramh
- Centre of Bee Research and its Products, Research Centre for Advanced Materials Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Ali Khan
- Centre of Bee Research and its Products, Research Centre for Advanced Materials Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Applied College, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rizhao Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Daniel Kurjak
- Institute of Forest Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Zvolen, Slovakia
- Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - Ahmet Bayram
- Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia
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23
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Cosenza F, Shrestha A, Van Inghelandt D, Casale FA, Wu PY, Weisweiler M, Li J, Wespel F, Stich B. Genetic mapping reveals new loci and alleles for flowering time and plant height using the double round-robin population of barley. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:2385-2402. [PMID: 38330219 PMCID: PMC11016846 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Flowering time and plant height are two critical determinants of yield potential in barley (Hordeum vulgare). Despite their role in plant physiological regulation, a complete overview of the genetic complexity of flowering time and plant height regulation in barley is still lacking. Using a double round-robin population originated from the crossings of 23 diverse parental inbred lines, we aimed to determine the variance components in the regulation of flowering time and plant height in barley as well as to identify new genetic variants by single and multi-population QTL analyses and allele mining. Despite similar genotypic variance, we observed higher environmental variance components for plant height than flowering time. Furthermore, we detected new QTLs for flowering time and plant height. Finally, we identified a new functional allelic variant of the main regulatory gene Ppd-H1. Our results show that the genetic architecture of flowering time and plant height might be more complex than reported earlier and that a number of undetected, small effect, or low-frequency genetic variants underlie the control of these two traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Cosenza
- Institute for Quantitative Genetics and Genomics of Plants, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Asis Shrestha
- Institute for Quantitative Genetics and Genomics of Plants, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Delphine Van Inghelandt
- Institute for Quantitative Genetics and Genomics of Plants, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Federico A Casale
- Institute for Quantitative Genetics and Genomics of Plants, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Po-Ya Wu
- Institute for Quantitative Genetics and Genomics of Plants, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marius Weisweiler
- Institute for Quantitative Genetics and Genomics of Plants, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jinquan Li
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Köln, Germany
| | - Franziska Wespel
- Saatzucht Josef Breun GmbH Co. KG, Amselweg 1, 91074 Herzogenaurach, Germany
| | - Benjamin Stich
- Institute for Quantitative Genetics and Genomics of Plants, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Köln, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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24
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Neyshabouri FA, Ghotbi-Ravandi AA, Shariatmadari Z, Tohidfar M. Cadmium toxicity promotes hormonal imbalance and induces the expression of genes involved in systemic resistances in barley. Biometals 2024:10.1007/s10534-024-00597-y. [PMID: 38615113 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-024-00597-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a widely distributed pollutant that adversely affects plants' metabolism and productivity. Phytohormones play a vital role in the acclimation of plants to metal stress. On the other hand, phytohormones trigger systemic resistances, including systemic acquired resistance (SAR) and induced systemic resistance (ISR), in plants in response to biotic interactions. The present study aimed to investigate the possible induction of SAR and ISR pathways in relation to the hormonal alteration of barley seedlings in response to Cd stress. Barley seedlings were exposed to 1.5 mg g-1 Cd in the soil for three days. The nutrient content, oxidative status, phytohormones profile, and expression of genes involved in SAR and ISR pathways of barley seedlings were examined. Cd accumulation resulted in a reduction in the nutrient content of barley seedlings. The specific activity of superoxide dismutase and the hydrogen peroxide content significantly increased in response to Cd toxicity. Abscisic acid, jasmonic acid, and ethylene content increased under Cd exposure. Cd treatment resulted in the upregulation of NPR1, PR3, and PR13 genes in SAR pathways. The transcripts of PAL1 and LOX2.2 genes in the ISR pathway were also significantly increased in response to Cd treatment. These findings suggest that hormonal-activated systemic resistances are involved in the response of barley to Cd stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Alzahra Neyshabouri
- Department of Plant Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Ghotbi-Ravandi
- Department of Plant Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zeinab Shariatmadari
- Department of Plant Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Tohidfar
- Department of Plant Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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25
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Romero-Contreras YJ, González-Serrano F, Bello-López E, Formey D, Aragón W, Cevallos MÁ, Rebollar EA, Serrano M. Bacteria from the skin of amphibians promote growth of Arabidopsis thaliana and Solanum lycopersicum by modifying hormone-related transcriptome response. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 114:39. [PMID: 38615069 PMCID: PMC11016013 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-024-01444-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Plants and microorganisms establish beneficial associations that can improve their development and growth. Recently, it has been demonstrated that bacteria isolated from the skin of amphibians can contribute to plant growth and defense. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in the beneficial effect for the host are still unclear. In this work, we explored whether bacteria isolated from three tropical frogs species can contribute to plant growth. After a wide screening, we identified three bacterial strains with high biostimulant potential, capable of modifying the root structure of Arabidopsis thaliana plants. In addition, applying individual bacterial cultures to Solanum lycopersicum plants induced an increase in their growth. To understand the effect that these microorganisms have over the host plant, we analysed the transcriptomic profile of A. thaliana during the interaction with the C32I bacterium, demonstrating that the presence of the bacteria elicits a transcriptional response associated to plant hormone biosynthesis. Our results show that amphibian skin bacteria can function as biostimulants to improve agricultural crops growth and development by modifying the plant transcriptomic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yordan J Romero-Contreras
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico.
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico.
| | | | - Elena Bello-López
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Damien Formey
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Wendy Aragón
- Instituto de Biociencias, Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Blvd. Príncipe Akishino s/n, 30798, Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Miguel Ángel Cevallos
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Eria A Rebollar
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Mario Serrano
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico.
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26
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Wawrzyńska A, Sirko A. Sulfate Availability and Hormonal Signaling in the Coordination of Plant Growth and Development. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3978. [PMID: 38612787 PMCID: PMC11012643 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Sulfur (S), one of the crucial macronutrients, plays a pivotal role in fundamental plant processes and the regulation of diverse metabolic pathways. Additionally, it has a major function in plant protection against adverse conditions by enhancing tolerance, often interacting with other molecules to counteract stresses. Despite its significance, a thorough comprehension of how plants regulate S nutrition and particularly the involvement of phytohormones in this process remains elusive. Phytohormone signaling pathways crosstalk to modulate growth and developmental programs in a multifactorial manner. Additionally, S availability regulates the growth and development of plants through molecular mechanisms intertwined with phytohormone signaling pathways. Conversely, many phytohormones influence or alter S metabolism within interconnected pathways. S metabolism is closely associated with phytohormones such as abscisic acid (ABA), auxin (AUX), brassinosteroids (BR), cytokinins (CK), ethylene (ET), gibberellic acid (GA), jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA), and strigolactones (SL). This review provides a summary of the research concerning the impact of phytohormones on S metabolism and, conversely, how S availability affects hormonal signaling. Although numerous molecular details are yet to be fully understood, several core signaling components have been identified at the crossroads of S and major phytohormonal pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wawrzyńska
- Laboratory of Plant Protein Homeostasis, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Pawińskiego 5A, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
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Qiu H, Chen Y, Fu J, Zhang C. Expression of ethylene biosynthetic genes during flower senescence and in response to ethephon and silver nitrate treatments in Osmanthus fragrans. Genes Genomics 2024; 46:399-408. [PMID: 38319456 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-023-01489-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sweet osmanthus (Osmanthus fragrans) is an ornamental evergreen tree species in China, whose flowers are sensitive to ethylene. The synthesis of ethylene is controlled by key enzymes and restriction enzymes, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase (ACS) and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase (ACO), which are encoded by multigene families. However, the key synthase responsible for ethylene regulation in O. fragrans is still unknown. OBJECTIVE This study aims to screen the key ethylene synthase genes of sweet osmanthus flowers in response to ethylene regulation. METHODS In this study, we used the ACO and ACS sequences of Arabidopsis thaliana to search for homologous genes in the O. fragrans petal transcriptome database. These genes were also analyzed bioinformatically. Finally, the expression levels of O. fragrans were compared before and after senescence, as well as after ethephon and silver nitrate treatments. RESULTS The results showed that there are five ACO genes and one ACS gene in O. fragrans transcriptome database, and the phylogenetic tree revealed that the proteins encoded by these genes had high homology to the ACS and ACO proteins in plants. Sequence alignment shows that the OfACO1-5 proteins have the 2OG-Fe(II) oxygenase domain, while OfACS1 contains seven conserved domains, as well as conserved amino acids in transaminases and glutamate residues related to substrate specificity. Expression analysis revealed that the expression levels of OfACS1 and OfACO1-5 were significantly higher at the early senescence stage compared to the full flowering stage. The transcripts of the OfACS1, OfACO2, and OfACO5 genes were upregulated by treatment with ethephon. However, out of these three genes, only OfACO2 was significantly downregulated by treatment with AgNO3. CONCLUSION Our study found that OfACO2 is an important synthase gene in response to ethylene regulation in sweet osmanthus, which would provide valuable data for further investigation into the mechanisms of ethylene-induced senescence in sweet osmanthus flowers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Qiu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Garden Plants, College of Landscape and Architecture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yiwen Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Garden Plants, College of Landscape and Architecture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianxin Fu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Garden Plants, College of Landscape and Architecture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Chao Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Garden Plants, College of Landscape and Architecture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China.
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Rehneke L, Schäfer P. Symbiont effector-guided mapping of proteins in plant networks to improve crop climate stress resilience: Symbiont effectors inform highly interconnected plant protein networks and provide an untapped resource for crop climate resilience strategies. Bioessays 2024; 46:e2300172. [PMID: 38388783 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202300172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
There is an urgent need for novel protection strategies to sustainably secure crop production under changing climates. Studying microbial effectors, defined as microbe-derived proteins that alter signalling inside plant cells, has advanced our understanding of plant immunity and microbial plant colonisation strategies. Our understanding of effectors in the establishment and beneficial outcome of plant symbioses is less well known. Combining functional and comparative interaction assays uncovered specific symbiont effector targets in highly interconnected plant signalling networks and revealed the potential of effectors in beneficially modulating plant traits. The diverse functionality of symbiont effectors differs from the paradigmatic immuno-suppressive function of pathogen effectors. These effectors provide solutions for improving crop resilience against climate stress by their evolution-driven specification in host protein targeting and modulation. Symbiont effectors represent stringent tools not only to identify genetic targets for crop breeding, but to serve as applicable agents in crop management strategies under changing environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Rehneke
- Institute of Phytopathology, Research Centre for BioSystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Patrick Schäfer
- Institute of Phytopathology, Research Centre for BioSystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
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Sienkiewicz A, Krasowska M, Kowczyk-Sadowy M, Obidziński S, Piotrowska-Niczyporuk A, Bajguz A. Occurrence of plant hormones in composts made from organic fraction of agri-food industry waste. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6808. [PMID: 38514768 PMCID: PMC10957972 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57524-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Utilizing the organic fraction of agri-food industry waste for fertilization represents one approach to waste management, with composting emerging as a popular method. Composts derived from this waste may contain plant hormones alongside primary macronutrients. This study aimed to evaluate the content of plant hormones in composts crafted from the organic fraction of agri-food industry waste. The presence of these substances was ascertained using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis, applied to extracted samples from three composts produced in a bioreactor and three obtained from companies. The results indicate the presence of 35 compounds, which belong to six types of plant hormones: auxins, cytokinins, gibberellins, brassinosteroids, abscisic acid, and salicylic acid, in composts for the first time. The highest amount of plant hormones was noted in buckwheat husk and biohumus extract (35 compounds), and the lowest in hemp chaff and apple pomace (14 compounds). Brassinosteroids (e.g., brassinolide, 28-homobrassinolide, 24-epicastasterone, 24-epibrassinolide, and 28-norbrassinolide) and auxins (e.g., indolilo-3-acetic acid) are dominant. The highest concentration of total phytohormones was reported in biohumus extract (2026.42 ng g-1 dry weight), and the lowest in organic compost (0.18 ng g-1 dry weight).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Sienkiewicz
- Department of Agri-Food Engineering and Environmental Management, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E, 15-351, Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Krasowska
- Department of Agri-Food Engineering and Environmental Management, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E, 15-351, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Kowczyk-Sadowy
- Department of Agri-Food Engineering and Environmental Management, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E, 15-351, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Sławomir Obidziński
- Department of Agri-Food Engineering and Environmental Management, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E, 15-351, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Alicja Piotrowska-Niczyporuk
- Department of Biology and Plant Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1J, 15-245, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Andrzej Bajguz
- Department of Biology and Plant Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1J, 15-245, Bialystok, Poland
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Salami M, Heidari B, Alizadeh B, Batley J, Wang J, Tan XL, Dadkhodaie A, Richards C. Dissection of quantitative trait nucleotides and candidate genes associated with agronomic and yield-related traits under drought stress in rapeseed varieties: integration of genome-wide association study and transcriptomic analysis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1342359. [PMID: 38567131 PMCID: PMC10985355 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1342359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Introduction An important strategy to combat yield loss challenge is the development of varieties with increased tolerance to drought to maintain production. Improvement of crop yield under drought stress is critical to global food security. Methods In this study, we performed multiomics analysis in a collection of 119 diverse rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) varieties to dissect the genetic control of agronomic traits in two watering regimes [well-watered (WW) and drought stress (DS)] for 3 years. In the DS treatment, irrigation continued till the 50% pod development stage, whereas in the WW condition, it was performed throughout the whole growing season. Results The results of the genome-wide association study (GWAS) using 52,157 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) revealed 1,281 SNPs associated with traits. Six stable SNPs showed sequence variation for flowering time between the two irrigation conditions across years. Three novel SNPs on chromosome C04 for plant weight were located within drought tolerance-related gene ABCG16, and their pleiotropically effects on seed weight per plant and seed yield were characterized. We identified the C02 peak as a novel signal for flowering time, harboring 52.77% of the associated SNPs. The 288-kbps LD decay distance analysis revealed 2,232 candidate genes (CGs) associated with traits. The CGs BIG1-D, CAND1, DRG3, PUP10, and PUP21 were involved in phytohormone signaling and pollen development with significant effects on seed number, seed weight, and grain yield in drought conditions. By integrating GWAS and RNA-seq, 215 promising CGs were associated with developmental process, reproductive processes, cell wall organization, and response to stress. GWAS and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of leaf and seed in the yield contrasting accessions identified BIG1-D, CAND1, and DRG3 genes for yield variation. Discussion The results of our study provide insights into the genetic control of drought tolerance and the improvement of marker-assisted selection (MAS) for breeding high-yield and drought-tolerant varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Salami
- Department of Plant Production and Genetics, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Bahram Heidari
- Department of Plant Production and Genetics, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Bahram Alizadeh
- Oil Crops Research Department, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension, Organization, (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Jacqueline Batley
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiao-Li Tan
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ali Dadkhodaie
- Department of Plant Production and Genetics, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Christopher Richards
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), National Laboratory for Genetic Resources Preservation, Fort Collins, CO, United States
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Wang H, Li Y, Wassie M, Huo L, Shi H. Salicylic Acid Spray Delays Sand Pear Fruit Senescence during Room Temperature Shelf Life by Regulating Antioxidant Capacity and Senescence-Related Genes. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:848. [PMID: 38592916 PMCID: PMC10975672 DOI: 10.3390/plants13060848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
'Whangkeumbae' (Pyrus pyrifolia) is a variety of sand pear fruit well-known for its smooth surface and good taste. However, the fruit quality is adversely affected by postharvest ethylene production. Therefore, improving postharvest shelf life by regulating fruit senescence is critical to promoting the 'Whangkeumbae' fruit industry. Here, we investigated the effect of salicylic acid (SA) spray on fruit senescence in sand pears during room temperature shelf life. Exogenous SA reduced polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content during room temperature shelf life. Additionally, SA effectively maintained the fruit skin coloration and increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). SA treatment inhibited PpPPO1 expression and upregulated PpSOD1, PpAPX6, and PpGST2 expression. Furthermore, SA application downregulated the expression of PpACO2, PpEIN3a, PpNCED1, and PpAOC2, while upregulating PpNPR-1, PpTAR2, and PpCOMT1 during room temperature shelf life. SA treatment also influenced cell wall metabolism and modification genes by inhibiting PpPG1, PpPME2, and PpCEL3 and inducing PpPGIP1 expression. Additionally, SA treatment affected sugar and acid metabolism genes and increased the expression of PpSPS1, PpSUS1, PpSOT1, PpTMT4, PpSWEET15, and PpcyNAD-MDH, but suppressed the expression of PpcyNADP-ME. The Pearson correlation analysis indicated that PPO activity and MDA content were positively correlated with the expression of PpPPO1, PpACO2, PpEIN3a, PpNCED1, PpAOC2, PpPG1, PpPME2, PpCEL3, and PpcyNDA-MDH. Conversely, these factors were negatively associated with the activities of SOD, POD, CAT, and APX, as well as the expression levels of PpSOD1, PpPOD1, PpCAT1, PpAPX6, PpGST2, PpNPR-1, PpTAR2, PpCOMT1, PpPGIP1, PpSPS1, PpSUS1, PpSOT1, PpTMT4, PpSWEET15, and PpcyNAD-MDH. Our results reveal that exogenous SA could delay fruit senescence in sand pear fruit by regulating various biochemical and molecular mechanisms and can be used to effectively extend fruit shelf life during room temperature storage. However, further research is necessary to determine whether the fruits sprayed with SA are suitable for direct human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Wang
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Yawei Li
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Misganaw Wassie
- Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 666300, China
| | - Liyue Huo
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Haiyan Shi
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
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John S, Apelt F, Kumar A, Acosta IF, Bents D, Annunziata MG, Fichtner F, Gutjahr C, Mueller-Roeber B, Olas JJ. The transcription factor HSFA7b controls thermomemory at the shoot apical meristem by regulating ethylene biosynthesis and signaling in Arabidopsis. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 5:100743. [PMID: 37919897 PMCID: PMC10943549 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2023.100743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
The shoot apical meristem (SAM) is responsible for overall shoot growth by generating all aboveground structures. Recent research has revealed that the SAM displays an autonomous heat stress (HS) memory of a previous non-lethal HS event. Considering the importance of the SAM for plant growth, it is essential to determine how its thermomemory is mechanistically controlled. Here, we report that HEAT SHOCK TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR A7b (HSFA7b) plays a crucial role in this process in Arabidopsis, as the absence of functional HSFA7b results in the temporal suppression of SAM activity after thermopriming. We found that HSFA7b directly regulates ethylene response at the SAM by binding to the promoter of the key ethylene signaling gene ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE 3 to establish thermotolerance. Moreover, we demonstrated that HSFA7b regulates the expression of ETHYLENE OVERPRODUCER 1 (ETO1) and ETO1-LIKE 1, both of which encode ethylene biosynthesis repressors, thereby ensuring ethylene homeostasis at the SAM. Taken together, these results reveal a crucial and tissue-specific role for HSFA7b in thermomemory at the Arabidopsis SAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheeba John
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, Haus 20, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muehlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Federico Apelt
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muehlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Amit Kumar
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University, 6700 AP Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ivan F Acosta
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muehlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Dominik Bents
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muehlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Maria Grazia Annunziata
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, Haus 20, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Franziska Fichtner
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muehlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Caroline Gutjahr
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muehlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Bernd Mueller-Roeber
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, Haus 20, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muehlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology (CPSBB), 14 St. Knyaz Boris 1 Pokrastitel Str., 4023 Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
| | - Justyna J Olas
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, Haus 20, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
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Castro-Camba R, Neves M, Correia S, Canhoto J, Vielba JM, Sánchez C. Ethylene Action Inhibition Improves Adventitious Root Induction in Adult Chestnut Tissues. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:738. [PMID: 38475584 DOI: 10.3390/plants13050738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Phase change refers to the process of maturation and transition from the juvenile to the adult stage. In response to this shift, certain species like chestnut lose the ability to form adventitious roots, thereby hindering the successful micropropagation of adult plants. While auxin is the main hormone involved in adventitious root formation, other hormones, such as ethylene, are also thought to play a role in its induction and development. In this study, experiments were carried out to determine the effects of ethylene on the induction and growth of adventitious roots. The analysis was performed in two types of chestnut microshoots derived from the same tree, a juvenile-like line with a high rooting ability derived from basal shoots (P2BS) and a line derived from crown branches (P2CR) with low rooting responses. By means of the application of compounds to modify ethylene content or inhibit its signalling, the potential involvement of this hormone in the induction of adventitious roots was analysed. Our results show that ethylene can modify the rooting competence of mature shoots, while the response in juvenile material was barely affected. To further characterise the molecular reasons underlying this maturation-derived shift in behaviour, specific gene expression analyses were developed. The findings suggest that several mechanisms, including ethylene signalling, auxin transport and epigenetic modifications, relate to the modulation of the rooting ability of mature chestnut microshoots and their recalcitrant behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Castro-Camba
- Department of Plant Production, Misión Biológica de Galicia, CSIC, Avda de Vigo s/n, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Mariana Neves
- Centre for Functional Ecology, TERRA Associate Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sandra Correia
- Centre for Functional Ecology, TERRA Associate Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
- InnovPlantProtect CoLab, Estrada de Gil Vaz, 7350-478 Elvas, Portugal
| | - Jorge Canhoto
- Centre for Functional Ecology, TERRA Associate Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jesús M Vielba
- Department of Plant Production, Misión Biológica de Galicia, CSIC, Avda de Vigo s/n, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Conchi Sánchez
- Department of Plant Production, Misión Biológica de Galicia, CSIC, Avda de Vigo s/n, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Ahmad S, Fariduddin Q. "Deciphering the enigmatic role of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in plants: Synthesis, transport, regulation, signaling, and biological roles in interaction with growth regulators and abiotic stresses.". PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 208:108502. [PMID: 38492486 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is an amino acid with a four-carbon structure, widely distributed in various organisms. It exists as a zwitterion, possessing both positive and negative charges, enabling it to interact with other molecules and participate in numerous physiological processes. GABA is widely distributed in various plant cell compartments such as cytoplasm mitochondria, vacuoles, peroxisomes, and plastids. GABA is primarily synthesized from glutamate using glutamate decarboxylase and participates in the GABA shunt within mitochondria, regulating carbon and nitrogen metabolism in plants The transport of GABA is regulated by several intracellular and intercellular transporters such as aluminium-activated malate transporters (ALMTs), GABA transporters (GATs), bidirectional amino acid transporters (BATs), and cationic amino acid transporters (CATs). GABA plays a vital role in cellular transformations, gene expression, cell wall modifications, and signal transduction in plants. Recent research has unveiled the role of GABA as a signaling molecule in plants, regulating stomatal movement and pollen tube growth. This review provides insights into multifaceted impact of GABA on physiological and biochemical traits in plants, including cellular communication, pH regulation, Krebs cycle circumvention, and carbon and nitrogen equilibrium. The review highlights involvement of GABA in improving the antioxidant defense system of plants, mitigating levels of reactive oxygen species under normal and stressed conditions. Moreover, the interplay of GABA with other plant growth regulators (PGRs) have also been explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saif Ahmad
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Section, Department of Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Qazi Fariduddin
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Section, Department of Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India.
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Montesinos Á, Sacristán S, Del Prado-Polonio P, Arnaiz A, Díaz-González S, Diaz I, Santamaria ME. Contrasting plant transcriptome responses between a pierce-sucking and a chewing herbivore go beyond the infestation site. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:120. [PMID: 38369495 PMCID: PMC10875829 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04806-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plants have acquired a repertoire of mechanisms to combat biotic stressors, which may vary depending on the feeding strategies of herbivores and the plant species. Hormonal regulation crucially modulates this malleable defense response. Jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) stand out as pivotal regulators of defense, while other hormones like abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene (ET), gibberellic acid (GA) or auxin also play a role in modulating plant-pest interactions. The plant defense response has been described to elicit effects in distal tissues, whereby aboveground herbivory can influence belowground response, and vice versa. This impact on distal tissues may be contingent upon the feeding guild, even affecting both the recovery of infested tissues and those that have not suffered active infestation. RESULTS To study how phytophagous with distinct feeding strategies may differently trigger the plant defense response during and after infestation in both infested and distal tissues, Arabidopsis thaliana L. rosettes were infested separately with the chewing herbivore Pieris brassicae L. and the piercing-sucker Tetranychus urticae Koch. Moderate infestation conditions were selected for both pests, though no quantitative control of damage levels was carried out. Feeding mode did distinctly influence the transcriptomic response of the plant under these conditions. Though overall affected processes were similar under either infestation, their magnitude differed significantly. Plants infested with P. brassicae exhibited a short-term response, involving stress-related genes, JA and ABA regulation and suppressing growth-related genes. In contrast, T. urticae elicited a longer transcriptomic response in plants, albeit with a lower degree of differential expression, in particular influencing SA regulation. These distinct defense responses transcended beyond infestation and through the roots, where hormonal response, flavonoid regulation or cell wall reorganization were differentially affected. CONCLUSION These outcomes confirm that the existent divergent transcriptomic responses elicited by herbivores employing distinct feeding strategies possess the capacity to extend beyond infestation and even affect tissues that have not been directly infested. This remarks the importance of considering the entire plant's response to localized biotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Montesinos
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC) Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain
- Universidad de Zaragoza, Calle Pedro Cerbuna, 12, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
| | - Soledad Sacristán
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC) Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Palmira Del Prado-Polonio
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC) Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Arnaiz
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC) Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza de Misael Bañuelos s/n, Burgos, 09001, Spain
| | - Sandra Díaz-González
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC) Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Diaz
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC) Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Estrella Santamaria
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC) Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain.
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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Holme IB, Ingvardsen CR, Dionisio G, Podzimska‐Sroka D, Kristiansen K, Feilberg A, Brinch‐Pedersen H. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutation of Eil1 transcription factor genes affects exogenous ethylene tolerance and early flower senescence in Campanula portenschlagiana. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024; 22:484-496. [PMID: 37823527 PMCID: PMC10826993 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Improving tolerance to ethylene-induced early senescence of flowers and fruits is of major economic importance for the ornamental and food industry. Genetic modifications of genes in the ethylene-signalling pathway have frequently resulted in increased tolerance but often with unwanted side effects. Here, we used CRISPR/Cas9 to knockout the function of two CpEil1 genes expressed in flowers of the diploid ornamental plant Campanula portenschlagiana. The ethylene tolerance in flowers of the primary mutants with knockout of only one or all four alleles clearly showed increased tolerance to exogenous ethylene, although lower tolerance was obtained with one compared to four mutated alleles. The allele dosage effect was confirmed in progenies where flowers of plants with zero, one, two, three and four mutated alleles showed increasing ethylene tolerance. Mutation of the Cpeil1 alleles had no significant effect on flower longevity and endogenous flower ethylene level, indicating that CpEil1 is not involved in age-dependent senescence of flowers. The study suggests focus on EIN3/Eils expressed in the organs subjected to early senescence for obtaining tolerance towards exogenous ethylene. Furthermore, the observed allelic dosage effect constitutes a key handle for a gradual regulation of sensitivity towards exogenous ethylene, simultaneously monitoring possibly unwanted side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inger B. Holme
- Department of Agroecology, Faculty of Technical SciencesAarhus UniversitySlagelseDenmark
| | | | - Giuseppe Dionisio
- Department of Agroecology, Faculty of Technical SciencesAarhus UniversitySlagelseDenmark
| | | | | | - Anders Feilberg
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Technical SciencesAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | - Henrik Brinch‐Pedersen
- Department of Agroecology, Faculty of Technical SciencesAarhus UniversitySlagelseDenmark
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Saxe HJ, Walawage SL, Balan B, Leslie CA, Brown PJ, Browne GT, Kluepfel DA, Westphal A, Dandekar AM. Transcriptomic Evidence of a Link between Cell Wall Biogenesis, Pathogenesis, and Vigor in Walnut Root and Trunk Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:931. [PMID: 38256004 PMCID: PMC10815794 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Crown gall disease (Agrobacterium tumefaciens), crown/root rot disease (Phytophthora spp.), root lesion disease (Pratylenchus vulnus) and tree vigor are key traits affecting the productivity and quality of walnuts in California. Unchallenged hybrid rootstocks were analyzed by RNA-seq to examine pre-formed factors affecting these traits. Enrichment analysis of the differentially expressed genes revealed that the increased expression of cell wall biogenesis-related genes plays a key role in susceptibility to A. tumefaciens, susceptibility to Phytophthora spp. and increased vigor. Analysis of the predicted subcellular loci of the encoded proteins revealed that many gene products associated with vigor and susceptibility were targeted to the plasma membrane and extracellular space, connecting these traits to sustaining barrier function. We observed that RNA processing and splicing, along with predicted nuclear targeting, were associated with resistance to A. tumefaciens, resistance to Phytophthora spp. and low vigor. Four genes within the J. microcarpa QTL region for resistance to A. tumefaciens and Phytophthora spp. were represented among our transcripts, with two of the genes being differentially expressed in association with resistance to A. tumefaciens and decreased vigor. No differential expression related to Phytophthora spp. or P. vulnus resistance was observed in this region. Additionally, the J. microcarpa haplotype expressed more transcripts associated with resistance to A. tumefaciens, Phytophthora spp. and low vigor, but not P. vulnus, than the J. regia haplotype. We also report unique and shared hormone and defense responses associated with each trait. This research suggests a link between cell wall biogenesis, vigor and critical root diseases of walnut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houston J. Saxe
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (H.J.S.); (S.L.W.); (C.A.L.); (P.J.B.)
| | - Sriema L. Walawage
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (H.J.S.); (S.L.W.); (C.A.L.); (P.J.B.)
| | - Bipin Balan
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (H.J.S.); (S.L.W.); (C.A.L.); (P.J.B.)
| | - Charles A. Leslie
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (H.J.S.); (S.L.W.); (C.A.L.); (P.J.B.)
| | - Patrick J. Brown
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (H.J.S.); (S.L.W.); (C.A.L.); (P.J.B.)
| | - Gregory T. Browne
- United States Department of Agriculture’s Agricultural Research Service Crops Pathology and Genetics Research Unit, Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (G.T.B.); (D.A.K.)
| | - Daniel A. Kluepfel
- United States Department of Agriculture’s Agricultural Research Service Crops Pathology and Genetics Research Unit, Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (G.T.B.); (D.A.K.)
| | - Andreas Westphal
- Department of Nematology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA;
| | - Abhaya M. Dandekar
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (H.J.S.); (S.L.W.); (C.A.L.); (P.J.B.)
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Kumar V, Wegener M, Knieper M, Kaya A, Viehhauser A, Dietz KJ. Strategies of Molecular Signal Integration for Optimized Plant Acclimation to Stress Combinations. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2832:3-29. [PMID: 38869784 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3973-3_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Plant growth and survival in their natural environment require versatile mitigation of diverse threats. The task is especially challenging due to the largely unpredictable interaction of countless abiotic and biotic factors. To resist an unfavorable environment, plants have evolved diverse sensing, signaling, and adaptive molecular mechanisms. Recent stress studies have identified molecular elements like secondary messengers (ROS, Ca2+, etc.), hormones (ABA, JA, etc.), and signaling proteins (SnRK, MAPK, etc.). However, major gaps remain in understanding the interaction between these pathways, and in particular under conditions of stress combinations. Here, we highlight the challenge of defining "stress" in such complex natural scenarios. Therefore, defining stress hallmarks for different combinations is crucial. We discuss three examples of robust and dynamic plant acclimation systems, outlining specific plant responses to complex stress overlaps. (a) The high plasticity of root system architecture is a decisive feature in sustainable crop development in times of global climate change. (b) Similarly, broad sensory abilities and apparent control of cellular metabolism under adverse conditions through retrograde signaling make chloroplasts an ideal hub. Functional specificity of the chloroplast-associated molecular patterns (ChAMPs) under combined stresses needs further focus. (c) The molecular integration of several hormonal signaling pathways, which bring together all cellular information to initiate the adaptive changes, needs resolving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Melanie Wegener
- Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Madita Knieper
- Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Armağan Kaya
- Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Andrea Viehhauser
- Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Karl-Josef Dietz
- Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany.
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Yanko V, Kadurin V, Kravchuk A, Kondariuk T, Kulakova I, Dikol O, Kadurin S. Influence of methane and other hydrocarbon gases on foraminifera and nematodes in the Northwestern part of the Black Sea. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 193:106285. [PMID: 38061312 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/02/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates the response of foraminifera and nematodes to different types of methane and other hydrocarbon gases (alkanes, alkins) in bottom sediments of the northwestern shelf and continental slope of the Black Sea. Foraminifera are represented by 39 species from six orders, 13 families, 24 genera. Nematoda are represented by 48 species from six orders, 17 families, 27 genera. Both groups of meiobenthos are characterized by impoverished simple diversity and abundance/density as well as by much smaller sizes of foraminiferal tests compared to those from areas not affected by hydrocarbon gases, indicating stressful conditions for their life in the study areas. Among foraminifera, calcareous hyaline taxa dominate, but agglutinated forms are present as well and occasionally play a dominant role. A significant number of the identified nematode species belong to the tyobiotic type from the families Comesomatidae and Linhomoidae. They are characterized by a long, thin body and a small or completely undeveloped oral cavity, indicating their feeding on small particles of sediment or bacteria. Nine groups of foraminifera and nematodes were identified according to their tolerance and sensitivity to methane (15 species), ethane (five species), propane (eight species), butane (10 species), pentane (11 species), ethylene (20 species), propylene (two species), acetylene (three species), and isobutylene (one species). This study provides evidence for the first time that different types of methane, its homologues, and other hydrocarbon gases affect the reproduction, diversity, abundance, and growth of foraminifera, as well as density and simple diversity of nematodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Yanko
- Department of Marine Geology, Hydrogeology, Engineering Geology and Paleontology, Odessa I.I. Mechnikov National University, Odessa 65058, Ukraine; Avalon Institute of Applied Science, Winnipeg, Canada.
| | - V Kadurin
- Department of Marine Geology, Hydrogeology, Engineering Geology and Paleontology, Odessa I.I. Mechnikov National University, Odessa 65058, Ukraine
| | - A Kravchuk
- Department of Marine Geology, Hydrogeology, Engineering Geology and Paleontology, Odessa I.I. Mechnikov National University, Odessa 65058, Ukraine
| | - T Kondariuk
- Department of Marine Geology, Hydrogeology, Engineering Geology and Paleontology, Odessa I.I. Mechnikov National University, Odessa 65058, Ukraine
| | - I Kulakova
- Institute of Marine Biology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Ukraine
| | - O Dikol
- Department of Marine Geology, Hydrogeology, Engineering Geology and Paleontology, Odessa I.I. Mechnikov National University, Odessa 65058, Ukraine
| | - S Kadurin
- Department of Marine Geology, Hydrogeology, Engineering Geology and Paleontology, Odessa I.I. Mechnikov National University, Odessa 65058, Ukraine
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Neupane A, Shahzad F, Bernardini C, Levy A, Vashisth T. Poor shoot and leaf growth in Huanglongbing-affected sweet orange is associated with increased investment in defenses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1305815. [PMID: 38179481 PMCID: PMC10766359 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1305815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Citrus disease Huanglongbing (HLB) causes sparse (thinner) canopies due to reduced leaf and shoot biomass. Herein, we present results demonstrating the possible mechanisms behind compromised leaf growth of HLB-affected 'Valencia' sweet orange trees by comparing morphological, transcriptome, and phytohormone profiles at different leaf development phases (1. buds at the start of the experiment; 2. buds on day 5; . 3. leaf emergence; 4. leaf expansion; and 5. leaf maturation) to healthy trees. Over a period of 3 months (in greenhouse conditions), HLB-affected trees had ≈40% reduction in growth traits such as tree height, number of shoots per tree, shoot length, internode length, and leaf size compared to healthy trees. In addition, buds from HLB-affected trees lagged by ≈1 week in sprouting as well as leaf growth. Throughout the leaf development, high accumulation of defense hormones, salicylic acid (SA) and abscisic acid (ABA), and low levels of growth-promoting hormone (auxin) were found in HLB-affected trees compared to healthy trees. Concomitantly, HLB-affected trees had upregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) encoding SA, ABA, and ethylene-related proteins in comparison to healthy trees. The total number of cells per leaf was lower in HLB-affected trees compared to healthy trees, which suggests that reduced cell division may coincide with low levels of growth-promoting hormones leading to small leaf size. Both bud dieback and leaf drop were higher in HLB-affected trees than in healthy trees, with concomitant upregulated DEGs encoding senescence-related proteins in HLB-affected trees that possibly resulted in accelerated aging and cell death. Taken together, it can be concluded that HLB-affected trees had a higher tradeoff of resources on defense over growth, leading to sparse canopies and a high tree mortality rate with HLB progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Answiya Neupane
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, United States
| | - Faisal Shahzad
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, United States
| | - Chiara Bernardini
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, United States
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Amit Levy
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, United States
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Tripti Vashisth
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, United States
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Cheng H, Wang Q, Zhang Z, Cheng P, Song A, Zhou L, Wang L, Chen S, Chen F, Jiang J. The RAV transcription factor TEMPRANILLO1 involved in ethylene-mediated delay of chrysanthemum flowering. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 116:1652-1666. [PMID: 37696505 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
TEMPRANILLO1 (TEM1) is a transcription factor belonging to related to ABI3 and VP1 family, which is also known as ethylene response DNA-binding factor 1 and functions as a repressor of flowering in Arabidopsis. Here, a putative homolog of AtTEM1 was isolated and characterized from chrysanthemum, designated as CmTEM1. Exogenous application of ethephon leads to an upregulation in the expression of CmTEM1. Knockdown of CmTEM1 promotes floral initiation, while overexpression of CmTEM1 retards floral transition. Further phenotypic observations suggested that CmTEM1 involves in the ethylene-mediated inhibition of flowering. Transcriptomic analysis established that expression of the flowering integrator CmAFL1, a member of the APETALA1/FRUITFULL subfamily, was downregulated significantly in CmTEM1-overexpressing transgenic plants compared with wild-type plants but was verified to be upregulated in amiR-CmTEM1 lines by quantitative RT-PCR. In addition, CmTEM1 is capable of binding to the promoter of the CmAFL1 gene to inhibit its transcription. Moreover, the genetic evidence supported the notion that CmTEM1 partially inhibits floral transition by targeting CmAFL1. In conclusion, these findings demonstrate that CmTEM1 acts as a regulator of ethylene-mediated delayed flowering in chrysanthemum, partly through its interaction with CmAFL1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Qingguo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zixin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Peilei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Aiping Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, No. 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210014, China
| | - Lijie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, No. 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210014, China
| | - Likai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, No. 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210014, China
| | - Sumei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, No. 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210014, China
| | - Fadi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, No. 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210014, China
| | - Jiafu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, No. 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210014, China
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Lee S, Ahn G, Shin WR, Choi JW, Kim YH, Ahn JY. Synergistic outcomes of Chlorella-bacterial cellulose based hydrogel as an ethylene scavenger. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 321:121256. [PMID: 37739491 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Increasing the freshness of vegetables requires the elimination of ethylene, which can be done through chemical methods. However, the development of eco-friendly approaches is required for environmental reasons. Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris) was selected as a new biological material for demonstrating an excellent performance in ethylene removal. To support C. vulgaris, bacterial cellulose (BC) produced by Gluconacetobacter hansenii (G. hansenii) was chosen due to its high water content and biodegradability. To increase BC productivity, UV-induced mutant G. hansenii was isolated, and they produced high yields of BC (9.80 ± 0.52 g/L). Furthermore, comparative transcriptome analysis revealed metabolic flux changes toward UDP-glucose accumulation and enhanced BC production. BC-based hydrogels (BC hydrogels) were successfully prepared using a 2.4 % carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and 1 % agar mixture. We used Chlorella-BC hydrogels as an ethylene scavenger, which reduced 90 % of ethylene even when the immobilized C. vulgaris was preserved for 14 days at room temperature without media supplementation. We demonstrated for the first time the potential of BC hydrogels to integrate C. vulgaris as a sustainable ethylene absorber for green food packaging and biomass technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- SeonHyung Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Gna Ahn
- School of Biological Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea; Center for Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Ri Shin
- School of Biological Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, 210 S 33rd St., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jae-Won Choi
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Cheongju University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yang-Hoon Kim
- School of Biological Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji-Young Ahn
- School of Biological Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea; Center for Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea.
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Gupta P, Parupudi PLC, Supriya L, Srivastava H, Padmaja G, Gopinath K. Complete genome sequencing and construction of full-length infectious cDNA clone of papaya ringspot virus-HYD isolate and its efficient in planta expression. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1310236. [PMID: 38107852 PMCID: PMC10721977 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1310236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) is a devastating Potyvirus that causes papaya ringspot disease in Carica papaya plantations globally. In this study, the complete genome sequence of a PRSV isolate from Shankarpalli, Telangana, India, was reported and designated as PRSV-HYD (KP743981.1). The genome is a single-stranded positive-sense RNA comprising 10,341 nucleotides. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that PRSV-HYD is closely related to PRSV Pune (Aundh) isolate with 92 and 95% nucleotide and amino acid sequence identity, respectively. To develop infectious cDNA (icDNA), the complete nucleotide sequence of PRSV-HYD was cloned between the right and left borders in the binary vector pCB301 using BglII and XmaI restriction sites. Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) double promoter (35S) was fused at the 5'-end and Avocado sunblotch viroid (ASBVd) ribozyme (RZ) sequence was fused to the 3' end to generate an authentic 3' viral end in the transcribed mRNAs. The icDNA generated was mobilized into the Agrobacterium tumefaciens EHA 105, and the agrobacterial cultures were infiltrated into the natural host C. papaya and a non-host Nicotiana benthamiana plants; both did not show any symptoms. In RT-PCR analysis of RNAs isolated from N. benthamiana, we could detect viral genes as early as 3 days and continued up to 28 days post infiltration. Alternatively, virion particles were purified from agroinfiltrated N. benthamiana plants and introduced into C. papaya by mechanical inoculation as well as by pinprick method. In both cases, we could see visible systemic symptoms similar to that of wild type by 40 days. Additionally, we studied the expression patterns of the genes related to plant defense, transcription factors (TFs), and developmental aspects from both C. papaya and N. benthamiana.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Kodetham Gopinath
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
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Yang J, Huang J, Wu X, Xu Y, Gu Z, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Ren Y, Miao Y. NtMYB1 and NtNCED1/2 control abscisic acid biosynthesis and tepal senescence in Chinese narcissus (Narcissus tazetta). JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:6505-6521. [PMID: 37625033 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Chinese narcissus (Narcissus tazetta var. chinensis cv. 'Jinzhanyintai') is one of the 10 most famous traditional flowers of China, having a beautiful and highly ornamental flower with a rich fragrance. However, the flower longevity affects its commercial appeal. While petal senescence in Narcissus is ethylene-independent and abscisic acid-dependent, the regulatory mechanism has yet to be determined. In this study, we identified a R2R3-MYB gene (NtMYB1) from Narcissus tazetta and generated oeNtMYB1 and Ntmyb1 RNA interference mutants in Narcissus as well as an oeNtMYB1 construct in Arabidopsis. Overexpressing NtMYB1 in Narcissus or Arabidopsis led to premature leaf yellowing, an elevated level of total carotenoid, a reduced level of chlorophyll b, and a decrease in photosystem II fluorescence (Fv/Fm). A dual-luciferase assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative PCR revealed that NtMYB1 directly binds to the promoter of NtNCED1 or NtNCED2 and activates NtNCED1/2 gene expression both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, overexpressing NtMYB1 accelerated abscisic acid biosynthesis, up-regulated the content of zeatin and abscisic acid, and down-regulated the level of β-carotene and gibberellin A1, leading to petal senescence and leaf yellowing in Narcissus. This study revealed a regulatory process that is fundamentally different between non-photosynthetic organs and leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Yang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jiazhi Huang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xi Wu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yun Xu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zheng Gu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yajue Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yujun Ren
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ying Miao
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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Groffen T, Kuijper N, Oden S, Willems T, Bervoets L, Prinsen E. Growth Hormones in Broad Bean ( Vicia faba L.) and Radish ( Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. sativus L.) Are Associated with Accumulated Concentrations of Perfluoroalkyl Substances. TOXICS 2023; 11:922. [PMID: 37999574 PMCID: PMC10674852 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11110922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we grew radish (Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. sativus L.) and broad beans (Vicia faba L.) in a greenhouse on soils spiked with a mixture of 15 per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and investigated the association between accumulated ∑PFAS concentrations, growth, and hormone levels. Short-chained PFASs dominated aboveground tissues, whereas long-chained PFASs were most abundant in the plant roots. Our results showed that the presence or absence of exodermal Casparian strips, as well as the hydrophobicity and anion exchange capacities of PFASs, could explain the translocation of PFASs within plants. Significant associations found between accumulated PFAS concentrations and levels of gibberellins (GA1 and GA15), methionine, and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) imply potential effects of PFASs on plant development and growth. This study provides the first evidence of associations between PFAS accumulation in plants and growth hormone levels, possibly leading to growth reduction of the apical dome and effects on the cell cycle in pericycle cells and methionine metabolism in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thimo Groffen
- ECOSPHERE, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium; (N.K.); (L.B.)
| | - Niels Kuijper
- ECOSPHERE, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium; (N.K.); (L.B.)
| | - Sevgi Oden
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRes), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium; (S.O.); (T.W.); (E.P.)
| | - Tim Willems
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRes), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium; (S.O.); (T.W.); (E.P.)
| | - Lieven Bervoets
- ECOSPHERE, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium; (N.K.); (L.B.)
| | - Els Prinsen
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRes), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium; (S.O.); (T.W.); (E.P.)
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Shahzad A, Siddique A, Ferdous S, Amin MA, Qin M, Aslam U, Naeem M, Bashir T, Shakoor A. Heavy metals mitigation and growth promoting effect of endophytic Agrococcus terreus (MW 979614) in maize plants under zinc and nickel contaminated soil. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1255921. [PMID: 38029198 PMCID: PMC10668838 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1255921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Heavy metals such as iron, copper, manganese, cobalt, silver, zinc, nickel, and arsenic have accumulated in soils for a long time due to the dumping of industrial waste and sewage. Various techniques have been adapted to overcome metal toxicity in agricultural land but utilizing a biological application using potential microorganisms in heavy metals contaminated soil may be a successful approach to decontaminate heavy metals soil. Therefore, the current study aimed to isolate endophytic bacteria from a medicinal plant (Viburnum grandiflorum) and to investigate the growth-promoting and heavy metal detoxification potential of the isolated endophytic bacteria Agrococus tereus (GenBank accession number MW 979614) under nickel and zinc contamination. Methods Zinc sulfate and nickel sulfate solutions were prepared at the rate of 100 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg in sterilized distilled water. The experiment was conducted using a completely random design (CRD) with three replicates for each treatment. Results and Discussion Inoculation of seeds with A. tereus significantly increased the plant growth, nutrient uptake, and defense system. Treatment T4 (inoculated seeds), T5 (inoculated seeds + Zn100 mg/kg), and T6 (inoculated seeds + Ni 100 mg/kg) were effective, but T5 (inoculated seeds + Zn100 mg/kg) was the most pronounced and increased shoot length, root length, leaf width, plant height, fresh weight, moisture content, and proline by 49%, 38%, 89%, 31%, 113%, and 146%, respectively. Moreover the antioxidant enzymes peroxidase and super oxidase dismutase were accelerated by 211 and 68% in contaminated soil when plants were inoculated by A. tereus respectively. Similarly the inoculation of A. tereus also enhanced maize plants' absorption of Cu, Mn, Ni, Na, Cr, Fe, Ca, Mg, and K significantly. Results of the findings concluded that 100 mg/kg of Zn and Ni were toxic to maize growth, but seed inoculation with A. tereus helped the plants significantly in reducing zinc and nickel stress. The A. tereus strain may be employed as a potential strain for the detoxification of heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asim Shahzad
- The College of Geography and Environment, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Department of Botany, Mohi-Ud-Din Islamic University, AJ&K, Pakistan
| | - Anam Siddique
- Department of Botany, Mohi-Ud-Din Islamic University, AJ&K, Pakistan
| | - Shazia Ferdous
- Department of Botany, Mohi-Ud-Din Islamic University, AJ&K, Pakistan
| | | | - Mingzhou Qin
- The College of Geography and Environment, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Uzma Aslam
- Department of Botany, Mohi-Ud-Din Islamic University, AJ&K, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naeem
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tasmia Bashir
- Department of Botany, Rawalpindi Women University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Shakoor
- The College of Geography and Environment, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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Guizani M, Maatallah S, Dabbou S, Montevecchi G, Antonelli A, Serrano M, Hajlaoui H, Kilani-Jaziri S. Ethylene production and antioxidant potential of five peach cultivars during maturation. J Food Sci 2023; 88:4544-4559. [PMID: 37812169 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Numerous biochemical processes are involved in fruit maturation, such as ethylene production, phenolic compounds accumulation, and antioxidant enzymes production. Therefore, the aim of the present work was the evaluation of ethylene production, and the bioactive compounds change in the exocarp and mesocarp of five peach [Prunus persica (L.)] cultivars during three ripening stages, (1) early ripening (ER), (2) commercial maturation, and (3) full ripening (FR) in order to establish the best stage to harvest each peach variety. The experiment was applied to five peach cultivars growing within an arid bioclimatic environment covering the whole peach production season: two early cultivars, Flordastar and Early Maycrest; one variety of mid-season Rubirich; and two late cultivars, Sweet Cap and O'Henry. Ethylene production, phenolic compounds, and oxidative stress through antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase, peroxidases [PODs] Class III, and ascorbate-POD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) production were determined in the exocarp and mesocarp of peach fruits. The results showed a significant increase in ethylene production during fruit ripening. However, a parallel decrease in the level of phenolic compounds as well as in antioxidant enzyme activities was observed. The FR stage was also characterized by an important accumulation of MDA and H2 O2 . In conclusion, important changes in fruit quality associated with the production level of ethylene were observed. Fruits harvested during the ER stage would be more suitable for delivering to distant markets and more appreciated by the peach industries due to their highest phenolic acid content, best antioxidant enzyme activities, and lowest oxidative stress indicator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monia Guizani
- University of Carthage, Non-Conventional Water Valuation Research Laboratory (LR VENC), INRGREF, Tunis, Tunisia
- Institution of Research and Higher Education Agriculture (IRESA), Regional Center for Agricultural Research, Sidi Bouzid, Tunisia
| | - Samira Maatallah
- University of Carthage, Non-Conventional Water Valuation Research Laboratory (LR VENC), INRGREF, Tunis, Tunisia
- Institution of Research and Higher Education Agriculture (IRESA), Regional Center for Agricultural Research, Sidi Bouzid, Tunisia
| | - Samia Dabbou
- Unit of Bioactive and Natural Substances and Biotechnology UR17ES49, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
- Faculty of Dental Medicine of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Giuseppe Montevecchi
- Department of Life Science (Agro-Food Science Area), BIOGEST - SITEIA Interdepartmental Centre, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Andrea Antonelli
- Department of Life Science (Agro-Food Science Area), BIOGEST - SITEIA Interdepartmental Centre, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Maria Serrano
- Department of Applied Biology, University Miguel Hernández, Elche, Spain
| | - Hichem Hajlaoui
- University of Carthage, Non-Conventional Water Valuation Research Laboratory (LR VENC), INRGREF, Tunis, Tunisia
- Institution of Research and Higher Education Agriculture (IRESA), Regional Center for Agricultural Research, Sidi Bouzid, Tunisia
| | - Soumaya Kilani-Jaziri
- Unit of Bioactive and Natural Substances and Biotechnology UR17ES49, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences A, Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
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Aslam MM, Farhat F, Zulfiqar S, Siddiqui MA, Asim M, Sial MA. Efficiency of nitrogen, gibberellic acid and potassium on canola production under sub-tropical regions of Pakistan. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18677. [PMID: 37907585 PMCID: PMC10618472 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38997-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The global demand for crop production is rapidly growing due to the continued rise in world population. Crop productivity varies generally with soil nutrient profile and climate. The optimal use of fertilizers might help to attain higher crop yield in canola. To circumvent nutrient imbalance issues in soil, two separate field trials were conducted to determine (a) the best source of nitrogen (N) between ammonium sulfate (NH4)2SO4) and ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3), (b) significance of gibberellic acid (GA3) and potassium (K), in an attempt to enhance canola yield and yield attributes. Both experiments were carried out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates. The nitrogen source in the form of NH4)2SO4 (0, 10, 20 and 30 kg/ha) and NH4NO3 (0, 50, 75 and 100 kg/ha) was applied in the rhizosphere after 3 and 7 weeks of sowing, referred to as experiment 1 (E1). In another separate experiment (E2), the canola crop was sprayed with four level of GA3 (0, 10, 15, 30 g/ha) and K (0, 2.5, 3.5, 6 g/ha) individually or in combination by using hydraulic spryer, 30 days after sowing (DAS). The data was collected at different growth stages of canola and analyzed statistically. The E1 trail showed that N fortification in the form of NH4NO3 (100 kg/ha) and (NH4)2SO4 (30 kg/ha) had a positive effect on the plant height, number of branches, fruiting zone, seed yield per plant, seed yield per hectare of canola except oil percentage. Moreover, canola plants (E2) also displayed a significant improvement on all studied features with high doses of GA3 (30 g/ha) and K (6 g/ha) individualy and in combined form. The correlation coefficient analysis of (NH4)2SO4 and NH4NO3 was highly significant to plant height, number of branches, fruiting zone, seed yield per plant, seed yield per hectare of canola In a nutshell, compared to both source of N, NH4NO3 was more efficient and readily available source of N. GA3 being a growth elicitor and potassium as a micronutrient serve as potential source to improve yield and to manage nutrient profile of canola.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fozia Farhat
- Department of Botany, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Saman Zulfiqar
- Department of Botany, The Government Sadiq College Women University, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Asim
- Plant Science Division, Pakistan Agricultural Research Council (PARC), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mahboob Ali Sial
- Nuclear Institute of Agriculture (NIA), Tando Jam, 70060, Sindh, Pakistan
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Zhang Y, Su Z, Luo L, Wang P, Zhu X, Liu J, Wang C. Exogenous auxin regulates the growth and development of peach fruit at the expansion stage by mediating multiple-hormone signaling. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:499. [PMID: 37848815 PMCID: PMC10583367 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04514-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fruit expansion stage is crucial to fruit yield and quality formation, and auxin plays a significant role by mediating multi-hormone signals during fruit expansion. However, till now, it is still unclear of the molecular regulatory network during auxin-mediated peach fruit expansion. RESULTS Here, exogenous NAA application markedly increased IAA content and drastically decreased ABA content at the fruit expansion stage. Correspondingly, NAA mainly induced the auxin biosynthesis gene (1 PpYUCCA) and early auxin-responsive genes (7PpIAA, 3 PpGH3, and 14 PpSAUR); while NAA down-regulated ABA biosynthesis genes (2 PpNCED, 1 PpABA3, and 1 PpAAO3). In addition, many DEGs involved in other plant hormone biosynthesis and signal transduction were significantly enriched after NAA treatment, including 7 JA, 7 CTK, 6 ETH, and 3 GA. Furthermore, we also found that NAA treatment down-regulated most of genes involved in the growth and development of peach fruit, including the cell wall metabolism-related genes (PpEG), sucrose metabolism-related genes (PpSPS), phenylalanine metabolism-related genes (PpPAL, Pp4CL, and PpHCT), and transcription factors (PpNAC, PpMADS-box, PpDof, PpSBP, and PpHB). CONCLUSION Overall, NAA treatment at the fruit expansion stage could inhibit some metabolism processes involved in the related genes in the growth and development of peach fruit by regulating multiple-hormone signaling networks. These results help reveal the short-term regulatory mechanism of auxin at the fruit expansion stage and provide new insights into the multi-hormone cascade regulatory network of fruit growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
- Faculty of Horticultural Science and Technology, Suzhou Polytechnic Institute of Agriculture, Suzhou, 215008, China.
| | - Ziwen Su
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Linjia Luo
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Pengkai Wang
- Faculty of Horticultural Science and Technology, Suzhou Polytechnic Institute of Agriculture, Suzhou, 215008, China
| | - Xudong Zhu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jiecai Liu
- Inner MongoliaAgricultural University, Huhehaote, 010010, China.
| | - Chen Wang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
- Faculty of Horticultural Science and Technology, Suzhou Polytechnic Institute of Agriculture, Suzhou, 215008, China.
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Pan F, Zhang Q, Zhu H, Li J, Wen Q. Transcriptome and Metabolome Provide Insights into Fruit Ripening of Cherry Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3505. [PMID: 37836245 PMCID: PMC10575466 DOI: 10.3390/plants12193505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Insights into flavor formation during fruit ripening can guide the development of breeding strategies that balance consumer and producer needs. Cherry tomatoes possess a distinctive taste, yet research on quality formation is limited. Here, metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses were conducted on different ripening stages. The results revealed differentially accumulated metabolites during fruit ripening, providing candidate metabolites related to flavor. Interestingly, several key flavor-related metabolites already reached a steady level at the mature green stage. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that the expression levels of the majority of genes tended to stabilize after the pink stage. Enrichment analysis demonstrated that changes in metabolic and biosynthetic pathways were evident throughout the entire process of fruit ripening. Compared to disease resistance and fruit color genes, genes related to flavor and firmness may have a broader impact on the accumulation of metabolites. Furthermore, we discovered the interconversion patterns between glutamic acid and glutamine, as well as the biosynthesis patterns of flavonoids. These findings contribute to our understanding of fruit quality formation mechanisms and support breeding programs aimed at improving fruit quality traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Pan
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Vegetable Genetics and Breeding, Crops Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qianrong Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Vegetable Genetics and Breeding, Crops Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Haisheng Zhu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Vegetable Genetics and Breeding, Crops Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Junming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qingfang Wen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Vegetable Genetics and Breeding, Crops Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
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