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Nagesh Kumar MV, Ramya V, Maheshwaramma S, Ganapathy KN, Govindaraj M, Kavitha K, Vanisree K. Exploiting Indian landraces to develop biofortified grain sorghum with high protein and minerals. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1228422. [PMID: 37876619 PMCID: PMC10591322 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1228422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) is the staple cereal and is the primary source of protein for millions of people in Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. Sorghum grain value has been increasing in tropical countries including India owing to its gluten-free nature, anti-oxidant properties and low glycemic index. However, the nutrient composition of modern cultivars is declining thus necessitating genetic biofortification of sorghum to combat malnutrition and improve nutritional balance in the human diet. Keeping this in view, efforts were made to utilize valuable alleles, associated with nutrient composition, that might have been left behind in the varietal development in sorghum. The study aimed to determine the genetic improvement for nine nutritional and quality parameters (crude protein, in vitro protein digestibility (IVPD), total iron (Fe), total zinc (Zn), bioavailable Fe (%), bioavailable Zn (%), total phenolics, tannins and antioxidant activity) in the grains of 19 sorghum genotypes (high yield, drought and grain mold tolerant) developed from 11 superior India's landraces. After selection and advancement made from 2017 to 2022 through single seed descent method, the improvement in the nine nutritional and quality parameters was assessed. Significant variation was observed for all the nine parameters among the landraces and the genotypes. Sorghum genotypes PYPS 2 and PYPS 13 recorded the highest crude protein (13.21 and 12.80% respectively) and IVPD (18.68 and 19.56% respectively). Majority of the sorghum genotypes recorded high Fe (14.21-28.41 mg/100 g) and Zn (4.81-8.16 mg/100 g). High phenolics and antioxidant activity were recorded in sorghum genotypes PYPS 18 (85.65 mg/g gallic acid equivalents) and PYPS 19 (89.78%) respectively. Selections through SSD method revealed highest improvement in genotype PYPS 10 for crude protein (32.25%), total phenolics (18.48%) and antioxidant activity (15.43%). High improvements in genotypes PYPS 12 (23.50%), PYPS 3 (26.79%), PYPS 15 (21.18%) were recorded for total Fe, available Fe and high tannins, respectively. The study demonstrated that landraces could be effectively utilized as a potential, low-cost and eco-friendly approach in sorghum genetic biofortification to improved sorghum productivity and nutritional supply in semi-arid tropics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vittal Ramya
- Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Hyderabad, India
| | | | | | - Mahalingam Govindaraj
- HarvestPlus Program, The Alliance of Bioversity International and the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali, Colombia
| | - Kosnam Kavitha
- Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Hyderabad, India
| | - Kalisetti Vanisree
- Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Hyderabad, India
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Kamal NM, Gorafi YSA, Tomemori H, Kim JS, Elhadi GMI, Tsujimoto H. Genetic variation for grain nutritional profile and yield potential in sorghum and the possibility of selection for drought tolerance under irrigated conditions. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:515. [PMID: 37660014 PMCID: PMC10474746 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09613-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing grain nutritional value in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) is a paramount breeding objective, as is increasing drought resistance (DR), because sorghum is grown mainly in drought-prone areas. The genetic basis of grain nutritional traits remains largely unknown. Marker-assisted selection using significant loci identified through genome-wide association study (GWAS) shows potential for selecting desirable traits in crops. This study assessed natural variation available in sorghum accessions from around the globe to identify novel genes or genomic regions with potential for improving grain nutritional value, and to study associations between DR traits and grain weight and nutritional composition. RESULTS We dissected the genetic architecture of grain nutritional composition, protein content, thousand-kernel weight (TKW), and plant height (PH) in sorghum through GWAS of 163 unique African and Asian accessions under irrigated and post-flowering drought conditions. Several QTLs were detected. Some were significantly associated with DR, TKW, PH, protein, and Zn, Mn, and Ca contents. Genomic regions on chromosomes 1, 2, 4, 8, 9, and 10 were associated with TKW, nutritional, and DR traits; colocalization patterns of these markers indicate potential for simultaneous improvement of these traits. In African accessions, markers associated with TKW were mapped to six regions also associated with protein, Zn, Ca, Mn, Na, and DR, suggesting the potential for simultaneous selection for higher grain nutrition and TKW. Our results indicate that it may be possible to select for increased DR on the basis of grain nutrition and weight potential. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a valuable resource for selecting landraces for use in plant breeding programs and for identifying loci that may contribute to grain nutrition and weight with the hope of producing cultivars that combine improved yield traits, nutrition, and DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrein Mohamed Kamal
- Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, Tottori, 680-0001, Japan.
- Agricultural Research Corporation, PO Box 126, Wad Medani, Sudan.
| | - Yasir Serag Alnor Gorafi
- Agricultural Research Corporation, PO Box 126, Wad Medani, Sudan
- International Platform for Dryland Research and Education, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Hisashi Tomemori
- Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, Tottori, 680-0001, Japan
| | - June-Sik Kim
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, 710-0046, Japan
| | | | - Hisashi Tsujimoto
- Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, Tottori, 680-0001, Japan.
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Senguttuvel P, G P, C J, D SR, CN N, V J, P B, R G, J AK, SV SP, LV SR, AS H, K S, D S, RM S, Govindaraj M. Rice biofortification: breeding and genomic approaches for genetic enhancement of grain zinc and iron contents. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1138408. [PMID: 37332714 PMCID: PMC10272457 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1138408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Rice is a highly consumed staple cereal cultivated predominantly in Asian countries, which share 90% of global rice production. Rice is a primary calorie provider for more than 3.5 billion people across the world. Preference and consumption of polished rice have increased manifold, which resulted in the loss of inherent nutrition. The prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies (Zn and Fe) are major human health challenges in the 21st century. Biofortification of staples is a sustainable approach to alleviating malnutrition. Globally, significant progress has been made in rice for enhancing grain Zn, Fe, and protein. To date, 37 biofortified Fe, Zn, Protein and Provitamin A rich rice varieties are available for commercial cultivation (16 from India and 21 from the rest of the world; Fe > 10 mg/kg, Zn > 24 mg/kg, protein > 10% in polished rice as India target while Zn > 28 mg/kg in polished rice as international target). However, understanding the micronutrient genetics, mechanisms of uptake, translocation, and bioavailability are the prime areas that need to be strengthened. The successful development of these lines through integrated-genomic technologies can accelerate deployment and scaling in future breeding programs to address the key challenges of malnutrition and hidden hunger.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Senguttuvel
- Crop Improvement Section, ICAR - Indian Institute of Rice Research (ICAR - IIRR), Hyderabad, India
| | - Padmavathi G
- Crop Improvement Section, ICAR - Indian Institute of Rice Research (ICAR - IIRR), Hyderabad, India
| | - Jasmine C
- Crop Improvement Section, ICAR - Indian Institute of Rice Research (ICAR - IIRR), Hyderabad, India
- Genetics and Plant Breeding, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University (PJTSAU), Hyderabad, India
| | - Sanjeeva Rao D
- Crop Improvement Section, ICAR - Indian Institute of Rice Research (ICAR - IIRR), Hyderabad, India
| | - Neeraja CN
- Crop Improvement Section, ICAR - Indian Institute of Rice Research (ICAR - IIRR), Hyderabad, India
| | - Jaldhani V
- Crop Improvement Section, ICAR - Indian Institute of Rice Research (ICAR - IIRR), Hyderabad, India
| | - Beulah P
- Crop Improvement Section, ICAR - Indian Institute of Rice Research (ICAR - IIRR), Hyderabad, India
| | - Gobinath R
- Crop Improvement Section, ICAR - Indian Institute of Rice Research (ICAR - IIRR), Hyderabad, India
| | - Aravind Kumar J
- Crop Improvement Section, ICAR - Indian Institute of Rice Research (ICAR - IIRR), Hyderabad, India
| | - Sai Prasad SV
- Crop Improvement Section, ICAR - Indian Institute of Rice Research (ICAR - IIRR), Hyderabad, India
| | - Subba Rao LV
- Crop Improvement Section, ICAR - Indian Institute of Rice Research (ICAR - IIRR), Hyderabad, India
| | - Hariprasad AS
- Crop Improvement Section, ICAR - Indian Institute of Rice Research (ICAR - IIRR), Hyderabad, India
| | - Sruthi K
- Crop Improvement Section, ICAR - Indian Institute of Rice Research (ICAR - IIRR), Hyderabad, India
| | - Shivani D
- Genetics and Plant Breeding, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University (PJTSAU), Hyderabad, India
| | - Sundaram RM
- Crop Improvement Section, ICAR - Indian Institute of Rice Research (ICAR - IIRR), Hyderabad, India
| | - Mahalingam Govindaraj
- HarvestPlus, Alliance of Bioversity International and the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali, Colombia
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Akhtar S, Mekonnen TW, Osthoff G, Mashingaidz K, Labuschagne M. Genotype by Environment Interaction in Grain Iron and Zinc Concentration and Yield of Maize Hybrids under Low Nitrogen and Optimal Conditions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1463. [PMID: 37050089 PMCID: PMC10096665 DOI: 10.3390/plants12071463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Maize is the staple food crop for millions of people in sub-Saharan Africa. Iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) deficiency is a significant health risk that mainly affects low-income populations who rely solely on maize-based diets. This problem can be alleviated by developing micronutrient-rich maize grain. The aim of this study was to determine the adaptation and performance of hybrids for Fe and Zn concentration and grain yield under low soil nitrogen (N) and optimal conditions. Eighteen hybrids derived from lines and testers with low, medium, and high Fe and Zn concentration were grown during the summer rainy seasons of 2017 and 2018 at three locations under low and optimal N conditions. There were significant genotype and environment effects for grain yield, and Fe and Zn concentration, but the genotype by environment interaction effects were the largest, accounting for between 36% and 56% of variation under low N conditions. Low N levels significantly reduced grain yield, and Fe and Zn concentration. Hybrids G1, G2, G4, G7, G10, G11, and G16 were relatively stable, with relatively high mean Fe and Zn concentrations, and low additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) stability values and iron stability index (FSI) and zinc stability index (ZSI) under low N conditions. These genotypes can be considered for production under low N stress conditions. Two environments (E4 and E3) were identified for good discriminatory power for genotype performance in terms of Fe and Zn content, respectively. Stable and high-yielding genotypes with high Fe and Zn concentration can be used as biofortified hybrids, which can contribute to a sustainable solution to malnutrition in the region, especially under low N conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Akhtar
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Tesfaye Walle Mekonnen
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Gernot Osthoff
- Department of Microbial Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | | | - Maryke Labuschagne
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
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Kudapa H, Barmukh R, Vemuri H, Gorthy S, Pinnamaneni R, Vetriventhan M, Srivastava RK, Joshi P, Habyarimana E, Gupta SK, Govindaraj M. Genetic and genomic interventions in crop biofortification: Examples in millets. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1123655. [PMID: 36950360 PMCID: PMC10025513 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1123655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Micronutrient malnutrition is a serious threat to the developing world's human population, which largely relies on a cereal-based diet that lacks diversity and micronutrients. Besides major cereals, millets represent the key sources of energy, protein, vitamins, and minerals for people residing in the dryland tropics and drought-prone areas of South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. Millets serve as multi-purpose crops with several salient traits including tolerance to abiotic stresses, adaptation to diverse agro-ecologies, higher productivity in nutrient-poor soils, and rich nutritional characteristics. Considering the potential of millets in empowering smallholder farmers, adapting to changing climate, and transforming agrifood systems, the year 2023 has been declared by the United Nations as the International Year of Millets. In this review, we highlight recent genetic and genomic innovations that can be explored to enhance grain micronutrient density in millets. We summarize the advances made in high-throughput phenotyping to accurately measure grain micronutrient content in cereals. We shed light on genetic diversity in millet germplasm collections existing globally that can be exploited for developing nutrient-dense and high-yielding varieties to address food and nutritional security. Furthermore, we describe the progress made in the fields of genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and phenomics with an emphasis on enhancing the grain nutritional content for designing competitive biofortified varieties for the future. Considering the close genetic-relatedness within cereals, upcoming research should focus on identifying the genetic and genomic basis of nutritional traits in millets and introgressing them into major cereals through integrated omics approaches. Recent breakthroughs in the genome editing toolbox would be crucial for mainstreaming biofortification in millets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himabindu Kudapa
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, Telangana, India
| | - Rutwik Barmukh
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, Telangana, India
| | - Hindu Vemuri
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Patancheru, Telangana, India
| | - Sunita Gorthy
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, Telangana, India
| | | | - Mani Vetriventhan
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, Telangana, India
| | - Rakesh K. Srivastava
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, Telangana, India
| | - Priyanka Joshi
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, Telangana, India
| | - Ephrem Habyarimana
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, Telangana, India
| | - S. K. Gupta
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, Telangana, India
| | - Mahalingam Govindaraj
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, Telangana, India
- HarvestPlus Program, Alliance of Bioversity International and the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali, Colombia
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Madhusudhana R, Hariprasanna K, Aruna C, Sajjanar GM, Hanamaratti N, Sameera S, Tonapi VA. Genetic variability, G × E interaction and stability for iron and zinc content in sorghum grains in advanced breeding lines. J Cereal Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2023.103653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
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7
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Goredema-Matongera N, Ndhlela T, van Biljon A, Kamutando CN, Cairns JE, Baudron F, Labuschagne M. Genetic Variation of Zinc and Iron Concentration in Normal, Provitamin A and Quality Protein Maize under Stress and Non-Stress Conditions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12020270. [PMID: 36678983 PMCID: PMC9861485 DOI: 10.3390/plants12020270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The negative impacts of zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe) deficiency due to over-reliance on monotonous cereal-based diets are well-documented. Increasing micronutrient densities in maize is currently among top breeders' priorities. Here, 77 single-cross Zn-enhanced hybrids with normal, provitamin A and quality protein maize genetic backgrounds were evaluated together with seven checks for grain Zn and Fe concentration and agronomic traits under optimum, low nitrogen (N) and managed drought conditions. Results showed a fairly wide variability for grain Zn (10.7-57.8 mg kg-1) and Fe (7.1-58.4 mg kg-1) concentration amongst the hybrids, across management conditions. Notable differences in Zn concentration were observed between the Zn-enhanced quality protein maize (QPM) (31.5 mg kg-1), Zn-enhanced provitamin A maize (28.5 mg kg-1), Zn-enhanced normal maize (26.0 mg kg-1) and checks (22.9 mg kg-1). Although checks showed the lowest micronutrient concentration, they were superior in grain yield (GY) performance, followed by Zn-enhanced normal hybrids. Genotypes grown optimally had higher micronutrient concentrations than those grown under stress. Genotype × environment interaction (G × E) was significant (p ≤ 0.01) for GY, grain Zn and Fe concentration, hence micronutrient-rich varieties could be developed for specific environments. Furthermore, correlation between grain Zn and Fe was positive and highly significant (r = 0.97; p ≤ 0.01) suggesting the possibility of improving these traits simultaneously. However, the negative correlation between GY and grain Zn (r = -0.44; p ≤ 0.01) and between GY and grain Fe concentration (r = -0.43; p ≤ 0.01) was significant but of moderate magnitude, suggesting slight dilution effects. Therefore, development of high yielding and micronutrient-dense maize cultivars is possible, which could reduce the highly prevalent micronutrient deficiency in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nakai Goredema-Matongera
- Scientific and Industrial Research and Development Centre, 1574 Alpes Road, Harare 00263, Zimbabwe
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre, P.O. Box MP163, Mt Pleasant, Harare 00263, Zimbabwe
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
- Correspondence:
| | - Thokozile Ndhlela
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre, P.O. Box MP163, Mt Pleasant, Harare 00263, Zimbabwe
| | - Angeline van Biljon
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Casper N. Kamutando
- Department of Plant Production Sciences and Technologies, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP167, Mt Pleasant, Harare 00263, Zimbabwe
| | - Jill E. Cairns
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre, P.O. Box MP163, Mt Pleasant, Harare 00263, Zimbabwe
| | - Frederic Baudron
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre, P.O. Box MP163, Mt Pleasant, Harare 00263, Zimbabwe
| | - Maryke Labuschagne
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
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Uttam GA, Suman K, Jaldhani V, Babu PM, Rao DS, Sundaram RM, Neeraja CN. Identification of Genomic Regions Associated with High Grain Zn Content in Polished Rice Using Genotyping-by-Sequencing (GBS). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:144. [PMID: 36616273 PMCID: PMC9824299 DOI: 10.3390/plants12010144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Globally, micronutrient (iron and zinc) enriched rice has been a sustainable and cost-effective solution to overcome malnutrition or hidden hunger. Understanding the genetic basis and identifying the genomic regions for grain zinc (Zn) across diverse genetic backgrounds is an important step to develop biofortified rice varieties. In this case, an RIL population (306 RILs) obtained from a cross between the high-yielding rice variety MTU1010 and the high-zinc rice variety Ranbir Basmati was utilized to pinpoint the genomic region(s) and QTL(s) responsible for grain zinc (Zn) content. A total of 2746 SNP markers spanning a genetic distance of 2445 cM were employed for quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis, which resulted in the identification of 47 QTLs for mineral (Zn and Fe) and agronomic traits with 3.5-36.0% phenotypic variance explained (PVE) over the seasons. On Chr02, consistent QTLs for grain Zn polished (qZnPR.2.1) and Zn brown (qZnBR.2.2) were identified. On Chr09, two additional reliable QTLs for grain Zn brown (qZnBR.9.1 and qZnBR.9.2) were identified. The major-effect QTLs identified in this study were associated with few key genes related to Zn and Fe transporter activity. The genomic regions, candidate genes, and molecular markers associated with these major QTLs will be useful for genomic-assisted breeding for developing Zn-biofortified varieties.
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Andiku C, Shimelis H, Shayanowako AIT, Gangashetty PI, Manyasa E. Genetic diversity analysis of East African sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) germplasm collections for agronomic and nutritional quality traits. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09690. [PMID: 35756124 PMCID: PMC9218377 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Breeding for climate-resilient, high-yielding, and nutrient-rich sorghum cultivars is essential for sustainable food systems and enhanced livelihoods in sub-Saharan Africa. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the genetic diversity among East African sorghum germplasm collections through agronomic and nutritional quality traits to select promising lines for direct production or breeding. A collection of 348 sorghum germplasm was field evaluated at two locations in Uganda using an augmented design, and grain iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) contents were profiled. Data were collected on 20 sorghum agro-morphological traits and Fe and Zn compositions. A significant (P ≤ 0.05) variation was detected amongst the test genotypes for all the assessed traits, suggesting the presence of sufficient genetic diversity for selection. High heritability (H2 > 0.60) and genetic advance as percent of the mean (GA >20%) were computed for grain yield, Zn content, and selected agronomic traits, ensuring genetic gains through selection. A significant positive correlation was recorded between Fe and Zn concentrations (r = 0.32, P < 0.001), allowing simultaneous selection for the two nutrient compositions. Cluster analysis based on phenotypic traits resolved the test sorghum genotypes into four distinct genetic groups. Six genotypes with superior agronomic traits and high Fe and Zn contents were identified for production or potential parents for quality breeding. Overall, the current study found considerable genetic variation among East African sorghum germplasm collections for strategic conservation and breeding in Uganda or similar agro-ecologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Andiku
- African Center for Crop Improvement (ACCI), School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa.,National Semi-Arid Resources Research Institute (NaSARRI), P.O. Box 56, Soroti, Uganda.,Busitema University, Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Sciences, Department of Crop Production and Management, P.O. Box 236, Tororo, Uganda
| | - Hussein Shimelis
- African Center for Crop Improvement (ACCI), School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Admire I T Shayanowako
- African Center for Crop Improvement (ACCI), School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Prakash I Gangashetty
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT)-Niger, BP 12404, Niamey, Niger
| | - Eric Manyasa
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT)-Kenya, P.O. Box 39063, Nairobi, Kenya
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Anbazhagan K, Voorhaar M, Kholová J, Chadalavada K, Choudhary S, Mallayee S, Kaliamoorthy S, Garin V, Baddam R, Rao KV, Nedumaran S, Selvaraj A. Dual-Purpose Sorghum: A Targeted Sustainable Crop-Livestock Intervention for the Smallholder Subsistence Farming Communities of Adilabad, India. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.742909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sorghum plays an important role in the mixed crop–livestock system of tribal farming communities in Adilabad District, a high climate risk-prone region in India. Currently, the local seed system is limited to landraces and hybrids that are primarily used for domestic grain and fodder purposes. This study aimed to understand the farmers' needs and context, and use this knowledge to deliver relevant, adoptable climate-smart sorghum crop technologies through farmer-participatory approaches (FPAs). We conducted an ex-ante survey with 103 farmer households to understand their preferences and constraints concerning sorghum, their staple food-crop. Farmers expressed taste as the most important characteristic, followed by stover yield, grain yield, drought adaptation, and pest resistance. They identified fodder deficit, loss of seed purity in landraces, and lack of diverse sorghum seed options as critical constraints. Therefore, we chose dual-purpose, open-pollinated sorghum varieties suitable for postrainy/rabi cultivation as the study site's entry point. Accordingly, sixteen popular rabi sorghum varieties were tested at ICRISAT station (2017–18 and 2018–19) for agronomic performance in field conditions under a range of treatments (irrigation and fertilization). The standing crop was also scored by farmer representatives. Additionally, the detailed lysifield study elucidated the plant functions underlying the crop agronomic performance under water stress (plant water use and stay-green score) and an important trait of farmer's interest (relation between stay-green score and in-vitro stover digestibility and relation between grain fat and protein content) The selected varieties– Phule Chitra, CSV22, M35-1 and preferred landrace (Sevata jonna)–were further tested with 21 farmers at Adilabad (2018–20). Participating farmers from both the trials and focus group discussions voiced their preference and willingness to adopt Phule Chitra and CSV22. This article summarizes how system-relevant crop options were selected for subsistence farmers of Adilabad and deployed using participatory approaches. While varieties are developed for wider adoption, farmers adopt only those suitable for their farm, household, and accessible market. Therefore, we strongly advocate FPA for developing and delivering farmer relevant crop technologies as a vehicle to systematically break crop adoption barriers and create a positive impact on household diets, well-being, and livelihoods, especially for smallholder subsistence farmers.
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Gong J, Kong D, Liu C, Li P, Liu P, Xiao X, Liu R, Lu Q, Shang H, Shi Y, Li J, Ge Q, Liu A, Deng X, Fan S, Pan J, Chen Q, Yuan Y, Gong W. Multi-environment Evaluations Across Ecological Regions Reveal That the Kernel Oil Content of Cottonseed Is Equally Determined by Genotype and Environment. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:2529-2544. [PMID: 35170322 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c07082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cotton is the fifth-largest oil crop in the world. A high kernel oil content (KOC) and high stability are important cottonseed attributes for food security. In this study, the phenotype of KOC and the genotype-by-environment interaction factors were collectively dissected using 250 recombinant inbred lines, their parental cultivars sGK156 and 901-001, and CCRI70 across multi-environments. ANOVA and correlation analysis showed that both genotype and environment contributed significantly to KOC accumulation. Analyses of additive main effect multiplicative interaction and genotype-by-environment interaction biplot models presented the effects of genotype, environment, and genotype by environment on KOC performance and the stability of the experimental materials. Interaction network analysis revealed that meteorological and geographical factors explained 38% of the total KOC variance, with average daily rainfall contributing the largest positive impact and cumulative rainfall having the largest negative impact on KOC accumulation. This study provides insight into KOC accumulation and could direct selection strategies for improved KOC and field management of cottonseed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juwu Gong
- Engineering Research Centre of Cotton, Ministry of Education; College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, 311 Nongda East Road, Urumqi 830052, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, Henan, China
| | - Depei Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, Henan, China
| | - Changwen Liu
- Agricultural Technology Popularization Center of Kashi, No. 418 Seman road, Kashi 844000, Xinjiang
| | - Pengtao Li
- College of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang 455000, Henan, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Engineering Research Centre of Cotton, Ministry of Education; College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, 311 Nongda East Road, Urumqi 830052, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, Henan, China
| | - Xianghui Xiao
- Engineering Research Centre of Cotton, Ministry of Education; College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, 311 Nongda East Road, Urumqi 830052, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, Henan, China
| | - Ruixian Liu
- Engineering Research Centre of Cotton, Ministry of Education; College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, 311 Nongda East Road, Urumqi 830052, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, Henan, China
| | - Quanwei Lu
- College of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang 455000, Henan, China
| | - Haihong Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, Henan, China
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Yuzhen Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, Henan, China
| | - Junwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, Henan, China
| | - Qun Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, Henan, China
| | - Aiying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoying Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, Henan, China
| | - Senmiao Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, Henan, China
| | - Jingtao Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, Henan, China
| | - Quanjia Chen
- Engineering Research Centre of Cotton, Ministry of Education; College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, 311 Nongda East Road, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Youlu Yuan
- Engineering Research Centre of Cotton, Ministry of Education; College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, 311 Nongda East Road, Urumqi 830052, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, Henan, China
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Wankui Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, Henan, China
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Wang H, Jia J, Cai Z, Duan M, Jiang Z, Xia Q, Ma Q, Lian T, Nian H. Identification of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and candidate genes of seed Iron and zinc content in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:146. [PMID: 35183125 PMCID: PMC8857819 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08313-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deciphering the hereditary mechanism of seed iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) content in soybean is important and sustainable to address the "hidden hunger" that presently affects approximately 2 billion people worldwide. Therefore, in order to detect genomic regions related to soybean seed Fe and Zn content, a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population with 248 lines was assessed in four environments to detect Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs) related to soybean seed Fe and Zn content. RESULT Wide variation was found in seed Fe and Zn content in four environments, and genotype, environment, and genotype × environment interactions had significant influences on both the seed Fe and Zn content. A positive correlation was observed between seed Fe content and seed Zn content, and broad-sense heritability (H2) of seed Fe and Zn content were 0.73 and 0.75, respectively. In this study, five QTLs for seed Fe content were detected with 4.57 - 32.71% of phenotypic variation explained (PVE) and logarithm of odds (LOD) scores ranging from 3.60 to 33.79. Five QTLs controlling the seed Zn content were detected, and they individually explained 3.35 to 26.48% of the phenotypic variation, with LOD scores ranging from 3.64 to 20.4. Meanwhile, 409,541 high-quality single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) and 85,102 InDels (except intergenic regions) between two bi-parental lines were identified by whole genome resequencing. A total of 12 candidate genes were reported in one major QTL for seed Fe content and two major QTLs for seed Zn content, with the help of RNA-Seq analysis, gene ontology (GO) enrichment, gene annotation, and bi-parental whole genome sequencing (WGS) data. CONCLUSIONS Limited studies were performed about microelement of soybean, so these results may play an important role in the biofortification of Fe and Zn and accelerate the development of marker-assisted selection (MAS) for breeding soybeans fortified with iron and zinc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- The State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, 510642 Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, 510642 Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding of Guangdong Province, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, 510642 Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia Jia
- The State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, 510642 Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, 510642 Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding of Guangdong Province, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, 510642 Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhandong Cai
- The State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, 510642 Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, 510642 Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding of Guangdong Province, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, 510642 Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingming Duan
- The State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, 510642 Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, 510642 Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding of Guangdong Province, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, 510642 Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Ze Jiang
- The State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, 510642 Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, 510642 Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding of Guangdong Province, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, 510642 Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiuju Xia
- Rice Molecular Breeding Institute, GRANLUX ASSOCIATED GRAINS, 518024 Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qibin Ma
- The State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, 510642 Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, 510642 Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding of Guangdong Province, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, 510642 Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Tengxiang Lian
- The State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, 510642 Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, 510642 Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding of Guangdong Province, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, 510642 Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Hai Nian
- The State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, 510642 Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, 510642 Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding of Guangdong Province, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, 510642 Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China
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13
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Gore PG, Das A, Bhardwaj R, Tripathi K, Pratap A, Dikshit HK, Bhattacharya S, Nair RM, Gupta V. Understanding G × E Interaction for Nutritional and Antinutritional Factors in a Diverse Panel of Vigna stipulacea (Lam.) Kuntz Germplasm Tested Over the Locations. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:766645. [PMID: 34966400 PMCID: PMC8710513 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.766645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Micronutrient malnutrition or hidden hunger is a serious challenge toward societal well-being. Vigna stipulacea (Lam.) Kuntz (known locally as Minni payaru), is an underutilized legume that has the potential to be a global food legume due to its rich nutrient profile. In the present study, 99 accessions of V. stipulacea were tested for iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), calcium (Ca), protein, and phytate concentrations over two locations for appraisal of stable nutrient-rich sources. Analysis of variance revealed significant effects of genotype for all the traits over both locations. Fe concentration ranged from 29.35-130.96 mg kg-1 whereas Zn concentration ranged from 19.44 to 74.20 mg kg-1 across both locations. The highest grain Ca concentration was 251.50 mg kg-1 whereas the highest grain protein concentration was recorded as 25.73%. In the case of grain phytate concentration, a genotype with the lowest value is desirable. IC622867 (G-99) was the lowest phytate containing accession at both locations. All the studied traits revealed highly significant genotypic variances and highly significant genotype × location interaction though less in magnitude than the genotypic variance. GGE Biplot analysis detected that, for grain Fe, Zn, and Ca concentration the 'ideal' genotypes were IC331457 (G-75), IC331610 (G-76), and IC553564 (G-60), respectively, whereas for grain protein concentration IC553521 (G-27) was the most "ideal type." For phytate concentration, IC351407 (G-95) and IC550523 (G-99) were considered as 'ideal' and 'desirable,' respectively. Based on the desirability index, Location 1 (Kanpur) was identified as ideal for Fe, Zn, Ca, and phytate, and for grain protein concentration, Location 2 (New Delhi) was the ideal type. A significant positive correlation was detected between grain Fe as well as grain Zn and protein concentration considering the pooled analysis over both the locations where as a significant negative association was observed between phytate and protein concentration over the locations. This study has identified useful donors and enhanced our knowledge toward the development of biofortified Vigna cultivars. Promoting domestication of this nutrient-rich semi-domesticated, underutilized species will boost sustainable agriculture and will contribute toward alleviating hidden hunger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padmavati G. Gore
- Division of Plant Genetic Resources, Indian Council of Agricultural Research – Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research – National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India
| | - Arpita Das
- Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, India
| | - Rakesh Bhardwaj
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research – National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India
| | - Kuldeep Tripathi
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research – National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India
| | - Aditya Pratap
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research – Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, India
| | - Harsh K. Dikshit
- Division of Genetics, Indian Council of Agricultural Research – Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Veena Gupta
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research – National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India
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Abreha KB, Enyew M, Carlsson AS, Vetukuri RR, Feyissa T, Motlhaodi T, Ng'uni D, Geleta M. Sorghum in dryland: morphological, physiological, and molecular responses of sorghum under drought stress. PLANTA 2021; 255:20. [PMID: 34894286 PMCID: PMC8665920 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03799-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Droughts negatively affect sorghum's productivity and nutritional quality. Across its diversity centers, however, there exist resilient genotypes that function differently under drought stress at various levels, including molecular and physiological. Sorghum is an economically important and a staple food crop for over half a billion people in developing countries, mostly in arid and semi-arid regions where drought stress is a major limiting factor. Although sorghum is generally considered tolerant, drought stress still significantly hampers its productivity and nutritional quality across its major cultivation areas. Hence, understanding both the effects of the stress and plant response is indispensable for improving drought tolerance of the crop. This review aimed at enhancing our understanding and provide more insights on drought tolerance in sorghum as a contribution to the development of climate resilient sorghum cultivars. We summarized findings on the effects of drought on the growth and development of sorghum including osmotic potential that impedes germination process and embryonic structures, photosynthetic rates, and imbalance in source-sink relations that in turn affect seed filling often manifested in the form of substantial reduction in grain yield and quality. Mechanisms of sorghum response to drought-stress involving morphological, physiological, and molecular alterations are presented. We highlighted the current understanding about the genetic basis of drought tolerance in sorghum, which is important for maximizing utilization of its germplasm for development of improved cultivars. Furthermore, we discussed interactions of drought with other abiotic stresses and biotic factors, which may increase the vulnerability of the crop or enhance its tolerance to drought stress. Based on the research reviewed in this article, it appears possible to develop locally adapted cultivars of sorghum that are drought tolerant and nutrient rich using modern plant breeding techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kibrom B Abreha
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 190, 234 22, Lomma, Sweden.
| | - Muluken Enyew
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 190, 234 22, Lomma, Sweden
- Institute of Biotechnology, Addis Ababa University, Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Anders S Carlsson
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 190, 234 22, Lomma, Sweden
| | - Ramesh R Vetukuri
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 190, 234 22, Lomma, Sweden
| | - Tileye Feyissa
- Institute of Biotechnology, Addis Ababa University, Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tiny Motlhaodi
- Department of Agricultural Research, Private Bag, 0033, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Dickson Ng'uni
- Zambia Agriculture Research Institute, Mount Makulu Research Station, P/B 7, Chilanga, Zambia
| | - Mulatu Geleta
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 190, 234 22, Lomma, Sweden
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15
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Sushree Shyamli P, Rana S, Suranjika S, Muthamilarasan M, Parida A, Prasad M. Genetic determinants of micronutrient traits in graminaceous crops to combat hidden hunger. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2021; 134:3147-3165. [PMID: 34091694 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-021-03878-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Improving the nutritional content of graminaceous crops is imperative to ensure nutritional security, wherein omics approaches play pivotal roles in dissecting this complex trait and contributing to trait improvement. Micronutrients regulate the metabolic processes to ensure the normal functioning of the biological system in all living organisms. Micronutrient deficiency, thereby, can be detrimental that can result in serious health issues. Grains of graminaceous crops serve as an important source of micronutrients to the human population; however, the rise in hidden hunger and malnutrition indicates an insufficiency in meeting the nutritional requirements. Improving the elemental composition and nutritional value of the graminaceous crops using conventional and biotechnological approaches is imperative to address this issue. Identifying the genetic determinants underlying the micronutrient biosynthesis and accumulation is the first step toward achieving this goal. Genetic and genomic dissection of this complex trait has been accomplished in major cereals, and several genes, alleles, and QTLs underlying grain micronutrient content were identified and characterized. However, no comprehensive study has been reported on minor cereals such as small millets, which are rich in micronutrients and other bioactive compounds. A comparative narrative on the reports available in major and minor Graminaceae species will illustrate the knowledge gained from studying the micronutrient traits in major cereals and provides a roadmap for dissecting this trait in other minor species, including millets. In this context, this review explains the progress made in studying micronutrient traits in major cereals and millets using omics approaches. Moreover, it provides insights into deploying integrated omics approaches and strategies for genetic improvement in micronutrient traits in graminaceous crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sushree Shyamli
- Institute of Life Sciences, NALCO Square, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751023, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, National Capital Region Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana (NCR Delhi), 121001, India
| | - Sumi Rana
- Repository of Tomato Genomics Resources, Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500046, India
| | - Sandhya Suranjika
- Institute of Life Sciences, NALCO Square, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751023, India
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Mehanathan Muthamilarasan
- Repository of Tomato Genomics Resources, Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500046, India
| | - Ajay Parida
- Institute of Life Sciences, NALCO Square, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751023, India.
| | - Manoj Prasad
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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16
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Aruna C, Das IK, Reddy PS, Ghorade RB, Gulhane AR, Kalpande VV, Kajjidoni ST, Hanamaratti NG, Chattannavar SN, Mehtre S, Gholve V, Kamble KR, Deepika C, Kannababu N, Bahadure DM, Govindaraj M, Tonapi VA. Development of Sorghum Genotypes for Improved Yield and Resistance to Grain Mold Using Population Breeding Approach. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:687332. [PMID: 34394141 PMCID: PMC8355698 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.687332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The infection caused by grain mold in rainy season grown sorghum deteriorates the physical and chemical quality of the grain, which causes a reduction in grain size, blackening, and making them unfit for human consumption. Therefore, the breeding for grain mold resistance has become a necessity. Pedigree breeding has been widely used across the globe to tackle the problem of grain mold. In the present study, a population breeding approach was employed to develop genotypes resistant to grain mold. The complex genotype × environment interactions (GEIs) make the task of identifying stable grain mold-resistant lines with good grain yield (GY) challenging. In this study, the performance of the 33 population breeding derivatives selected from the four-location evaluation of 150 genotypes in 2017 was in turn evaluated over four locations during the rainy season of 2018. The Genotype plus genotype-by-environment interaction (GGE) biplot analysis was used to analyze a significant GEI observed for GY, grain mold resistance, and all other associated traits. For GY, the location explained a higher proportion of variation (51.7%) while genotype (G) × location (L) contributed to 21.9% and the genotype contributed to 11.2% of the total variation. For grain mold resistance, G × L contributed to a higher proportion of variation (30.7%). A graphical biplot approach helped in identifying promising genotypes for GY and grain mold resistance. Among the test locations, Dharwad was an ideal location for both GY and grain mold resistance. The test locations were partitioned into three clusters for GY and two clusters for grain mold resistance through a "which-won-where" study. Best genotypes in each of these clusters were selected. The breeding for a specific cluster is suggested. Genotype-by-trait biplots indicated that GY is influenced by flowering time, 100-grain weight (HGW), and plant height (PH), whereas grain mold resistance is influenced by glume coverage and PH. Because GY and grain mold score were independent of each other, there is a scope to improve both yield and resistance together.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Aruna
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - I. K. Das
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Research, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - R. B. Ghorade
- Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, India
| | - A. R. Gulhane
- Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, India
| | | | | | | | | | - Shivaji Mehtre
- Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, India
| | - Vikram Gholve
- Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, India
| | - K. R. Kamble
- Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, India
| | - C. Deepika
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - N. Kannababu
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - D. M. Bahadure
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Research, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - V. A. Tonapi
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Research, Hyderabad, India
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17
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Espeit L, Rozand V, Millet GY, Gondin J, Maffiuletti NA, Lapole T. Influence of wide-pulse neuromuscular electrical stimulation frequency and superimposed tendon vibration on occurrence and magnitude of extra torque. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2021; 131:302-312. [PMID: 34080917 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00968.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-frequency and high-frequency wide-pulse neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) can generate extra torque (ET) via afferent pathways. Superimposing tendon vibration (TV) to NMES can increase the activation of these afferent pathways and favor ET generation. Knowledge of the characteristics of ET is essential to implement these stimulation paradigms in clinical practice. Thus, we aimed to investigate the effects of frequency and TV superimposition on the occurrence and magnitude of ET in response to wide-pulse NMES. NMES-induced isometric plantar flexion torque was recorded in 30 healthy individuals who performed five NMES protocols: wide-pulse low-frequency (1 ms; 20 Hz; WPLF) and wide-pulse high-frequency (1 ms; 100 Hz; WPHF) without and with superimposed TV (1 mm; 100 Hz) and conventional NMES (50 µs; 20 Hz; reference protocol). Each NMES protocol consisted of three 20-s trains interspersed by 90 s of rest, with NMES intensity being adjusted to reach 10% of maximal voluntary contraction. The ET occurrence was similar for WPLF and WPHF (P = 0.822). In the responders, the ET magnitude was greater for WPHF than WPLF (P < 0.001). There was no effect of superimposed TV on ET characteristics. This study reported an effect of NMES frequency on ET magnitude, whereas TV superimposition did not affect this parameter. In the context of our experimental design decisions, the present findings question the clinical use of wide-pulse NMES and its combination with superimposed TV. Yet, further research is needed to maximize force production through the occurrence and magnitude of ET.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study is the first to assess the effect of stimulation frequency and superimposed tendon vibration on extra torque characteristics generated by wide-pulse neuromuscular electrical stimulation. The percentage of subjects showing extra torque (i.e., considered as responders) was similar for low-frequency and high-frequency wide-pulse neuromuscular electrical stimulation. In the responders, the extra torque was greater for high-frequency than for low-frequency wide-pulse neuromuscular electrical stimulation. The superimposition of tendon vibration had no effect on extra torque occurrence or magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Espeit
- Univ Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne, Inter-university Laboratory of Human Movement Biology, EA 7424, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Vianney Rozand
- Univ Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne, Inter-university Laboratory of Human Movement Biology, EA 7424, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Guillaume Y Millet
- Univ Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne, Inter-university Laboratory of Human Movement Biology, EA 7424, Saint-Etienne, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Julien Gondin
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR-5310, INSERM U-1217, Lyon, France
| | | | - Thomas Lapole
- Univ Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne, Inter-university Laboratory of Human Movement Biology, EA 7424, Saint-Etienne, France
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18
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Sankar SM, Singh SP, Prakash G, Satyavathi CT, Soumya SL, Yadav Y, Sharma LD, Rao AR, Singh N, Srivastava RK. Deciphering Genotype-By-Environment Interaction for Target Environmental Delineation and Identification of Stable Resistant Sources Against Foliar Blast Disease of Pearl Millet. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:656158. [PMID: 34079568 PMCID: PMC8165241 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.656158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Once thought to be a minor disease, foliar blast disease of pearl millet, caused by Magnaporthe grisea, has recently emerged as an important biotic constraint for pearl millet production in India. The presence of a wider host range as well as high pathogenic heterogeneity complicates host-pathogen dynamics. Furthermore, environmental factors play a significant role in exacerbating the disease severity. An attempt was made to unravel the genotype-by-environment interactions for identification and validation of stable resistant genotypes against foliar blast disease through multi-environment testing. A diversity panel consisting of 250 accessions collected from over 20 different countries was screened under natural epiphytotic conditions in five environments. A total of 43 resistant genotypes were found to have high and stable resistance. Interestingly, most of the resistant lines were late maturing. Combined ANOVA of these 250 genotypes exhibited significant genotype-by-environment interaction and indicated the involvement of crossover interaction with a consistent genotypic response. This justifies the necessity of multi-year and multi-location testing. The first two principal components (PCs) accounted for 44.85 and 29.22% of the total variance in the environment-centered blast scoring results. Heritability-adjusted genotype plus genotype × environment interaction (HA-GGE) biplot aptly identified "IP 11353" and "IP 22423, IP 7910 and IP 7941" as "ideal" and "desirable" genotypes, respectively, having stable resistance and genetic buffering capacity against this disease. Bootstrapping at a 95% confidence interval validated the recommendations of genotypes. Therefore, these genotypes can be used in future resistance breeding programs in pearl millet. Mega-environment delineation and desirability index suggested Jaipur as the ideal environment for precise testing of material against the disease and will increase proper resource optimization in future breeding programs. Information obtained in current study will be further used for genome-wide association mapping of foliar blast disease in pearl millet.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Mukesh Sankar
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - S. P. Singh
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - G. Prakash
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - C. Tara Satyavathi
- ICAR-All India Coordinated Research Project on Pearl Millet, Jodhpur, India
| | - S. L. Soumya
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Yashpal Yadav
- CCS Haryana Agricultural University, College of Agriculture, Bawal, India
| | - L. D. Sharma
- Rajasthan Agricultural Research Institute, Jaipur, India
| | - A. R. Rao
- CABin, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistical Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Nirupma Singh
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Rakesh K. Srivastava
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, India
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Katuuramu DN, Wiesinger JA, Luyima GB, Nkalubo ST, Glahn RP, Cichy KA. Investigation of Genotype by Environment Interactions for Seed Zinc and Iron Concentration and Iron Bioavailability in Common Bean. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:670965. [PMID: 34040625 PMCID: PMC8141707 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.670965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Iron and zinc malnutrition are global public health concerns afflicting mostly infants, children, and women in low- and middle-income countries with widespread consumption of plant-based diets. Common bean is a widely consumed staple crop around the world and is an excellent source of protein, fiber, and minerals including iron and zinc. The development of nutrient-dense common bean varieties that deliver more bioavailable iron and zinc with a high level of trait stability requires a measurement of the contributions from genotype, environment, and genotype by environment interactions. In this research, we investigated the magnitude of genotype by environment interaction for seed zinc and iron concentration and seed iron bioavailability (FeBIO) using a set of nine test genotypes and three farmers' local check varieties. The research germplasm was evaluated for two field seasons across nine on-farm locations in three agro-ecological zones in Uganda. Seed zinc concentration ranged from 18.0 to 42.0 μg g-1 and was largely controlled by genotype, location, and the interaction between location and season [28.0, 26.2, and 14.7% of phenotypic variability explained (PVE), respectively]. Within a genotype, zinc concentration ranged on average 12 μg g-1 across environments. Seed iron concentration varied from 40.7 to 96.7 μg g-1 and was largely controlled by genotype, location, and the interaction between genotype, location, and season (25.7, 17.4, and 13.7% of PVE, respectively). Within a genotype, iron concentration ranged on average 28 μg g-1 across environments. Seed FeBIO ranged from 8 to 116% of Merlin navy control and was largely controlled by genotype (68.3% of PVE). The red mottled genotypes (Rozi Koko and Chijar) accumulated the most seed zinc and iron concentration, while the yellow (Ervilha and Cebo Cela) and white (Blanco Fanesquero) genotypes had the highest seed FeBIO and performed better than the three farmers' local check genotypes (NABE-4, NABE-15, and Masindi yellow). The genotypes with superior and stable trait performance, especially the Manteca seed class which combine high iron and zinc concentrations with high FeBIO, would serve as valuable parental materials for crop improvement breeding programs aimed at enhancing the nutritional value of the common bean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis N. Katuuramu
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- USDA – ARS, U.S. Vegetable Laboratory, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Jason A. Wiesinger
- USDA – ARS, Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Gabriel B. Luyima
- Legumes Research Program, National Crops Resources Research Institute, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Stanley T. Nkalubo
- Legumes Research Program, National Crops Resources Research Institute, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Raymond P. Glahn
- USDA – ARS, Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Karen A. Cichy
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- USDA – ARS, Sugarbeet and Bean Research Unit, East Lansing, MI, United States
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Saroj R, Soumya SL, Singh S, Sankar SM, Chaudhary R, Saini N, Vasudev S, Yadava DK. Unraveling the Relationship Between Seed Yield and Yield-Related Traits in a Diversity Panel of Brassica juncea Using Multi-Traits Mixed Model. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:651936. [PMID: 34017349 PMCID: PMC8129585 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.651936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The response to selection in any crop improvement program depends on the degree of variance and heritability. The objective of the current study was to explain variance and heritability components in Indian mustard Brassica juncea (L). Czern & Coss to recognize promising genotypes for effective breeding. Two hundred and eighty-nine diverse accessions of Indian mustard belonging to four continents were analyzed for yield and yield-related traits (20 traits) over two seasons (2017-2018 and 2018-2019) using an alpha lattice design. The genetic variance was found to be significant (P ≤ 0.01) for the individual and under pooled analysis for all of the evaluated traits, demonstrating the presence of significant genetic variability in the diversity panel, which bids greater opportunities for utilizing these traits in future breeding programs. High heritability combined with high genetic advance as percent of mean and genotypic coefficient of variation was observed for flowering traits, plant height traits, seed size, and seed yield/plant; hence, a better genetic gain is expected upon the selection of these traits over subsequent generations. Both correlation and stepwise regression analysis indicated that the main shoot length, biological yield, total seed yield, plant height up to the first primary branch, seed size, total siliqua count, days to flowering initiation, plant height at maturity, siliquae on the main shoot, main shoot length, and siliqua length were the most significant contributory traits for seed yield/plant. Also, promising genotypes were identified among the diversity panel, which can be utilized as a donor to improve Indian mustard further. These results indicated a greater scope for improving seed yield per plant directly through a selection of genotypes having the parsimonious combination of these nine traits.
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Zhang L, MacQueen A, Bonnette J, Fritschi FB, Lowry DB, Juenger TE. QTL x environment interactions underlie ionome divergence in switchgrass. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2021; 11:6259145. [PMID: 33914881 PMCID: PMC8495926 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkab144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Ionomics measures elemental concentrations in biological organisms and provides a snapshot of physiology under different conditions. In this study, we evaluate genetic variation of the ionome in outbred, perennial switchgrass in three environments across the species' native range, and explore patterns of genotype-by-environment interactions. We grew 725 clonally replicated genotypes of a large full sib family from a four-way linkage mapping population, created from deeply diverged upland and lowland switchgrass ecotypes, at three common gardens. Concentrations of 18 mineral elements were determined in whole post-anthesis tillers using ion coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). These measurements were used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) with and without QTL-by-environment interactions (QTLxE) using a multi-environment QTL mapping approach. We found that element concentrations varied significantly both within and between switchgrass ecotypes, and GxE was present at both the trait and QTL level. Concentrations of 14 of the 18 elements were under some genetic control, and 77 QTL were detected for these elements. 74% of QTL colocalized multiple elements, half of QTL exhibited significant QTLxE, and roughly equal numbers of QTL had significant differences in magnitude and sign of their effects across environments. The switchgrass ionome is under moderate genetic control and by loci with highly variable effects across environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Alice MacQueen
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Jason Bonnette
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Felix B Fritschi
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
| | - David B Lowry
- Department of Plant Biology and DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Thomas E Juenger
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
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Nagesh Kumar MV, Ramya V, Govindaraj M, Sameer Kumar CV, Maheshwaramma S, Gokenpally S, Prabhakar M, Krishna H, Sridhar M, Venkata Ramana M, Avil Kumar K, Jagadeeshwar R. Harnessing Sorghum Landraces to Breed High-Yielding, Grain Mold-Tolerant Cultivars With High Protein for Drought-Prone Environments. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:659874. [PMID: 34276722 PMCID: PMC8279770 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.659874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Intermittent drought and an incidence of grain mold disease are the two major constraints affecting sorghum production and productivity. The study aimed at developing drought-tolerant sorghum varieties possessing a high protein content and tolerance to grain mold with stable performance using additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) and genotype and genotype × environment interaction (GGE) biplot methods. Systematic hybridization among the 11 superior landraces resulted in subsequent pedigree-based breeding and selection from 2010 to 2015 evolved 19 promising varieties of grains such as white, yellow, and brown pericarp grains. These grain varieties were evaluated for their adaptability and stability for yield in 13 rainfed environments and for possessing tolerance to grain mold in three hot spot environments. A variety of yellow pericarp sorghum PYPS 2 (3,698 kg/ha; 14.52% protein; 10.70 mg/100 g Fe) possessing tolerance to grain mold was identified as a stable variety by using both AMMI and GGE analyses. Four mega-environments were identified for grain yield and fodder yield. Sorghum varieties PYPS 2, PYPS 4, PYPS 8, and PYPS 11 were highly stable in E2 with a low grain mold incidence. Besides meeting the nutritional demand of smallholder farmers under dryland conditions, these varieties are suitable for enhancing sorghum productivity under the present climate change scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallela Venkata Nagesh Kumar
- Regional Agricultural Research Station, Palem - Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Hyderabad, India
- *Correspondence: Mallela Venkata Nagesh Kumar
| | - Vittal Ramya
- Regional Agricultural Research Station, Palem - Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Hyderabad, India
| | - Mahalingam Govindaraj
- Sorghum Improvement Asia Program - International Crop Research Institute for Semi Arid Tropics, Patancheru, India
| | - Chanda Venkata Sameer Kumar
- Regional Agricultural Research Station, Palem - Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Hyderabad, India
| | - Setaboyine Maheshwaramma
- Regional Agricultural Research Station, Palem - Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Hyderabad, India
| | - Seshu Gokenpally
- Regional Agricultural Research Station, Palem - Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Hyderabad, India
| | - Mathyam Prabhakar
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research—Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad, India
| | - Hariprasanna Krishna
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research—Indian Institute of Millets Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Mulinti Sridhar
- Regional Agricultural Research Station, Palem - Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Hyderabad, India
| | - Maparla Venkata Ramana
- Regional Agricultural Research Station, Palem - Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Hyderabad, India
| | - Kodari Avil Kumar
- Regional Agricultural Research Station, Palem - Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Hyderabad, India
| | - Rumandla Jagadeeshwar
- Regional Agricultural Research Station, Palem - Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Hyderabad, India
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Suman K, Neeraja CN, Madhubabu P, Rathod S, Bej S, Jadhav KP, Kumar JA, Chaitanya U, Pawar SC, Rani SH, Subbarao LV, Voleti SR. Identification of Promising RILs for High Grain Zinc Through Genotype × Environment Analysis and Stable Grain Zinc QTL Using SSRs and SNPs in Rice ( Oryza sativa L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:587482. [PMID: 33679823 PMCID: PMC7930840 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.587482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Polished rice is one of the commonly consumed staple foods across the world. However, it contains limited nutrients especially iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn). To identify promising recombinant inbred lines (RILs) for grain Zn and single plant yield, 190 RILs developed from PR116 and Ranbir Basmati were evaluated in two environments (E1 and E2). A subset of 44 contrasting RILs for grain Zn was screened in another two environments (E3 and E4). Phenotypic data was collected for 10 traits, viz., days to 50% flowering, plant height, panicle length, number of tillers, single plant yield (SPY), test weight, Fe and Zn in brown (IBR, ZBR), and polished rice (IPR, ZPR). Stepwise regression analysis of trait data in 190 RILs and a subset of 44 RILs revealed the interdependence of ZPR, ZBR, IPR, and IBR and the negative association of grain Zn with single plant yield. Based on the additive main effect and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) and genotype and genotype × environment interaction (GGE) analyses of the subset of 44 RILs across four environments (E1-E4), six promising RILs were identified for ZPR with >28 ppm. Mapping of 190 RILs with 102 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) resulted in 13 QTLs for best linear unbiased estimates (BLUEs) of traits including advantage over check (AOC). Using genotype-based sequencing (GBS), the subset of 44 RILs was mapped with 1035 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 21 QTLs were identified. More than 100 epistatic interactions were observed. A major QTL qZPR.1.1 (PV 37.84%) and another QTL qZPR.11.1 (PV 15.47%) were identified for grain Zn in polished rice. A common major QTL (qZBR.2.1 and qZPR.2.1) was also identified on chromosome 2 for grain Zn content across SSR and SNP maps. Two potential candidate genes related to transporters were identified based on network analyses in the genomic regions of QTL < 3 Mb. The RILs identified for grain Zn and SPY were nominated for national evaluation as under rice biofortification, and two QTLs identified based on BLUEs could be used in the rice biofortification breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Suman
- ICAR–Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, India
- Department of Genetics & Biotechnology, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India
| | - C. N. Neeraja
- ICAR–Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, India
- *Correspondence: C. N. Neeraja,
| | - P. Madhubabu
- ICAR–Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Sonali Bej
- ICAR–Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - K. P. Jadhav
- ICAR–Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - U. Chaitanya
- ICAR–Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Smita C. Pawar
- Department of Genetics & Biotechnology, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India
| | - Surekha H. Rani
- Department of Genetics & Biotechnology, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India
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Naik SM, Raman AK, Nagamallika M, Venkateshwarlu C, Singh SP, Kumar S, Singh SK, Das SP, Prasad K, Izhar T, Mandal NP, Singh NK, Yadav S, Reinke R, Swamy BPM, Virk P, Kumar A. Genotype × environment interactions for grain iron and zinc content in rice. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2020; 100:4150-4164. [PMID: 32421211 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutrient deficiency in humans, especially in children and lactating women, is a major concern. Increasing the micronutrient concentration in staple crops like rice is one way to overcome this. The micronutrient content in rice, especially the iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) content, is highly variable. The identification of rice genotypes in which there are naturally high Fe and Zn concentrations across environments is an important target towards the production of biofortified rice. RESULTS Phenotypic correlations between grain Fe and Zn content were positive and significant in all environments but a significant negative association was observed between grain yield and grain Fe and Zn. Promising breeding lines with higher Zn or Fe content, or both, were: IR 82475-110-2-2-1-2 (Zn: 20.24-37.33 mg kg-1 ; Fe: 7.47-14.65 mg kg-1 ); IR 83294-66-2-2-3-2 (Zn: 22-37-41.97 mg kg-1 ; Fe: 9.43-17.16); IR 83668-35-2-2-2 (Zn: 27.15-42.73 mg kg-1 ; Fe: 6.01-14.71); IR 68144-2B-2-2-3-1-166 (Zn: 23.53-40.30 mg kg-1 ; Fe: 10.53-17.80 mg kg-1 ) and RP Bio 5478-185M7 (Zn: 22.60-40.07 mg kg-1 ; Fe: 7.64-14.73 mg kg-1 ). Among these, IR82475-110-2-2-1-2 (Zn: 20.24-37.33 mg kg-1 ; Fe: 7.47-14.65 mg kg-1 ) is also high yielding with 3.75 t ha-1 . Kelhrie Cha (Zn: 17.76-36.45 mg kg-1 ; Fe: 7.17-14.77 mg kg-1 ), Dzuluorhe (Zn: 17.48-39.68 mg kg-1 ; Fe: 7.89-19.90 mg kg-1 ), Nedu (Zn: 18.97-43.55 mg kg-1 Fe: 8.01-19.51 mg kg-1 ), Kuhusoi-Ri-Sareku (Zn: 17.37-44.14 mg kg-1 ; Fe: 8.99-14.30 mg kg-1 ) and Mima (Zn: 17.10-45.64 mg kg-1 ; Fe: 9.97-17.40 mg kg-1 ) were traditional donor genotypes that possessed both high grain Fe and high Zn content. CONCLUSION Significant genotype × location (G × L) effects were observed in all traits except Fe. Genetic variance was significant and was considerably larger than the variance of G × L for grain Zn and Fe content traits, except grain yield. The G × L × year variance component was significant in all cases. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa M Naik
- International Rice Research Institute, South Asia Hub, ICRISAT, Patancheru, India
| | - Anitha K Raman
- International Rice Research Institute, South Asia Hub, ICRISAT, Patancheru, India
| | - Minnuru Nagamallika
- International Rice Research Institute, South Asia Hub, ICRISAT, Patancheru, India
| | | | - Suresh Prasad Singh
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, India
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Division of Crop Research, ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna, India
| | - Shravan Kumar Singh
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Institute of Agricultural Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Sankar Prasad Das
- Division of Plant Breeding, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Lembucherra, India
| | - Krishna Prasad
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, India
| | - Tajwar Izhar
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, India
| | - Nimmai P Mandal
- Central Rainfed Upland Rice Research Station, National Rice Research Institute, Hazaribagh, India
| | - Nitendra Kumar Singh
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Agricultural University, Samastipur, India
| | - Shailesh Yadav
- Rice Breeding Platform, International Rice Research Institute, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Russell Reinke
- Rice Breeding Platform, International Rice Research Institute, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | | | - Parminder Virk
- HarvestPlus, International Crop Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, India
| | - Arvind Kumar
- Rice Breeding Platform, International Rice Research Institute, Metro Manila, Philippines
- IRRI South Asia Regional Center (ISARC), Varanasi, India
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Sharma S, Paul PJ, Sameer Kumar CV, Nimje C. Utilizing Wild Cajanus platycarpus, a Tertiary Genepool Species for Enriching Variability in the Primary Genepool for Pigeonpea Improvement. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1055. [PMID: 32793254 PMCID: PMC7390956 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The use of crop wild relatives in the breeding program has been well recognized to diversify the genetic base along with introgression of useful traits. Cajanus platycarpus (Benth.) Maesen, an annual wild relative belonging to the tertiary genepool of pigeonpea, possesses many useful traits such as early maturity, high protein content, photoperiod insensitivity, and pod borer tolerance for the genetic improvement of cultivated pigeonpea. Using this cross incompatible wild Cajanus species, an advanced backcross population was developed following the embryo rescue technique. In the present study, a pre-breeding population consisting of 136 introgression lines (ILs) along with five popular varieties (used as checks) was evaluated for important agronomic traits during 2016 and 2017 rainy seasons and for grain nutrient content during 2016, 2017, and 2018 rainy seasons. Large genetic variation was observed for agronomic traits such as days to 50% flowering, number of pods per plant, pod weight per plant, grain yield per plant, and grain nutrients [protein content, grain iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg)] in the pre-breeding population. Significant genotype × environment interaction was also observed for agronomic traits as well as grain nutrients indicating the sensitivity of these traits to the environments. No significant correlations were observed between grain yield and grain nutrients except grain Zn content which was negatively correlated with grain yield. Overall, 28 promising high-yielding ILs with high grain nutrient content were identified. These ILs, in particular, ICPP # 171012, 171004, 171102, 171087, 171006, and 171050 flowered significantly earlier than the popular mega variety, ICPL 87119 (Asha) and thus hold potential in developing new short-duration cultivars. The comprehensive multi-site assessment of these high-yielding, nutrient-rich accessions would be useful in identifying region-specific promising lines for direct release as cultivars. Moreover, these ILs are expected to replace the popular existing cultivars or for use as new and diverse sources of variations in hybridization programs for pigeonpea improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivali Sharma
- Theme Pre-breeding, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
| | - Pronob J. Paul
- Theme Pre-breeding, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
| | - CV Sameer Kumar
- Regional Agricultural Research Station, Professor Jayashanker Telangana State Agricultural University, Palem, India
| | - Chetna Nimje
- Grain Quality Lab., International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
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Philipo M, Ndakidemi PA, Mbega ER. Environmental and genotypes influence on seed iron and zinc levels of landraces and improved varieties of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Tanzania. ECOLOGICAL GENETICS AND GENOMICS 2020; 15:100056. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1016/j.egg.2020.100056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
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Calayugan MIC, Formantes AK, Amparado A, Descalsota-Empleo GI, Nha CT, Inabangan-Asilo MA, Swe ZM, Hernandez JE, Borromeo TH, Lalusin AG, Mendioro MS, Diaz MGQ, Viña CBD, Reinke R, Swamy BPM. Genetic Analysis of Agronomic Traits and Grain Iron and Zinc Concentrations in a Doubled Haploid Population of Rice (Oryza sativa L.). Sci Rep 2020; 10:2283. [PMID: 32042046 PMCID: PMC7010768 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59184-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of micronutrient dense rice varieties with good agronomic traits is one of the sustainable and cost-effective approaches for reducing malnutrition. Identification of QTLs for high grain Fe and Zn, yield and yield components helps in precise and faster development of high Fe and Zn rice. We carried out a three-season evaluation using IR05F102 x IR69428 derived doubled-haploid population at IRRI. Inclusive composite interval mapping was carried out using SNP markers and Best Linear Unbiased Estimates of the phenotypic traits. A total of 23 QTLs were identified for eight agronomic traits and grain Fe and Zn concentration that explained 7.2 to 22.0% PV. A QTL by environment interaction analysis confirmed the stability of nine QTLs, including two QTLs for Zn on chromosomes 5 and 12. One epistatic interaction for plant height was significant with 28.4% PVE. Moreover, five QTLs were identified for Fe and Zn that harbor several candidate genes, e.g. OsZIP6 on QTL qZn5.1. A number of QTLs were associated with a combination of greater yield and increased grain Zn levels. These results are useful for development of new rice varieties with good agronomic traits and high grain Zn using MAS, and identification of genetic resources with the novel QTLs for grain Zn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Ian C Calayugan
- International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines.,University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna, 4031, Philippines
| | - Andrea Kariza Formantes
- International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines.,University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna, 4031, Philippines
| | - Amery Amparado
- International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Gwen Iris Descalsota-Empleo
- International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines.,University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna, 4031, Philippines.,University of the Southern Mindanao, Kabacan, Cotabato, 9407, Philippines
| | - Chau Thanh Nha
- International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines.,Cuu Long Delta Rice Research Institute (CLRRI), Cần Thơ, Vietnam
| | | | - Zin Mar Swe
- International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines.,Department of Agriculture, Yezin, Myanmar
| | - Jose E Hernandez
- University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna, 4031, Philippines
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Russell Reinke
- International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines
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28
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The search for candidate genes associated with natural variation of grain Zn accumulation in barley. Biochem J 2019; 476:1889-1909. [PMID: 31164402 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Combating hidden hunger through molecular breeding of nutritionally enriched crops requires a better understanding of micronutrient accumulation. We studied natural variation in grain micronutrient accumulation in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and searched for candidate genes by assessing marker-trait associations (MTAs) and by analyzing transcriptional differences between low and high zinc (Zn) accumulating cultivars during grain filling. A collection of 180 barley lines was grown in three different environments. Our results show a pronounced variation in Zn accumulation, which was under strong genotype influence across different environments. Genome-wide association mapping revealed 13 shared MTAs. Across three environments, the most significantly associated marker was on chromosome 2H at 82.8 cM and in close vicinity to two yellow stripe like (YSL) genes. A subset of two pairs of lines with contrasting Zn accumulation was chosen for detailed analysis. Whole ears and flag leaves were analyzed 15 days after pollination to detect transcriptional differences associated with elevated Zn concentrations in the grain. A putative α-amylase/trypsin inhibitor CMb precursor was decidedly higher expressed in high Zn cultivars in whole ears in all comparisons. Additionally, a gene similar to barley metal tolerance protein 5 (MTP5) was found to be a potential candidate gene.
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29
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Inheritance studies on grain iron and zinc concentration and agronomic traits in sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]. J Cereal Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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