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Xu C, Huang X, Ma N, Liu Y, Xu A, Zhang X, Li D, Li Y, Zhang W, Wang K. MicroRNA164 Affects Plant Responses to UV Radiation in Perennial Ryegrass. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1242. [PMID: 38732457 PMCID: PMC11085334 DOI: 10.3390/plants13091242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Increasing the ultraviolet radiation (UV) level, particularly UV-B due to damage to the stratospheric ozone layer by human activities, has huge negative effects on plant and animal metabolism. As a widely grown cool-season forage grass and turfgrass in the world, perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) is UV-B-sensitive. To study the effects of miR164, a highly conserved microRNA in plants, on perennial ryegrass under UV stress, both OsmiR164a overexpression (OE164) and target mimicry (MIM164) transgenic perennial ryegrass plants were generated using agrobacterium-mediated transformation, and UV-B treatment (~600 μw cm-2) of 7 days was imposed. Morphological and physiological analysis showed that the miR164 gene affected perennial ryegrass UV tolerance negatively, demonstrated by the more scorching leaves, higher leaf electrolyte leakage, and lower relative water content in OE164 than the WT and MIM164 plants after UV stress. The increased UV sensitivity could be partially due to the reduction in antioxidative capacity and the accumulation of anthocyanins. This study indicated the potential of targeting miR164 and/or its targeted genes for the genetic manipulation of UV responses in forage grasses/turfgrasses; further research to reveal the molecular mechanism underlying how miR164 affects plant UV responses is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Xu
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (C.X.); (X.H.); (N.M.); (Y.L.); (A.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Xin Huang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (C.X.); (X.H.); (N.M.); (Y.L.); (A.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Ning Ma
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (C.X.); (X.H.); (N.M.); (Y.L.); (A.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yanrong Liu
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (C.X.); (X.H.); (N.M.); (Y.L.); (A.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Aijiao Xu
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (C.X.); (X.H.); (N.M.); (Y.L.); (A.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Xunzhong Zhang
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA;
| | - Dayong Li
- Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China;
| | - Yue Li
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (C.X.); (X.H.); (N.M.); (Y.L.); (A.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Wanjun Zhang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (C.X.); (X.H.); (N.M.); (Y.L.); (A.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Kehua Wang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (C.X.); (X.H.); (N.M.); (Y.L.); (A.X.); (Y.L.)
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Donnelly S, Akin‐Fajiye M, Fraser LH. Plant provenance can influence the impacts of temperature and moisture on intraspecific competition in Pseudoroegneria spicata. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10603. [PMID: 37886429 PMCID: PMC10598250 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Warming and changing precipitation can alter the performance of native grasses that are essential to grassland ecosystems. Native grasses may respond to changing climate by phenotypic plasticity or lose their current ranges. Establishing plant species from southern, warmer provenances may reduce the likelihood of biodiversity loss and improve restoration success in cool, northern locations that are undergoing warming. We conducted competition trials for Pseudoroegneria spicata (bluebunch wheatgrass), a native grass commonly found in western North American grasslands, to understand the impact of temperature and moisture on plant-plant interactions. We obtained seeds from three locations along a latitudinal gradient in North America, two in British Columbia (BC), Canada, and one in California, USA. We compared the effects of warming, changing water inputs, and competitor provenance on pairwise competitive interactions among Pseudoroegneria spicata plants grown from seeds obtained from the three locations. We quantified interactions using the relative interaction intensity, which has values from -1 (complete competition) to +1 (complete facilitation). Target plants from northern British Columbia, the location with the coldest summer temperature, were generally more competitively suppressed when competing with plants from California, which had the warmest summer temperature and lowest summer precipitation. Competitive suppression of target plants from northern British Columbia and southern British Columbia was more intense when competitor provenance was more geographically distant from target plant provenance. Finally, plants from northern British Columbia and southern British Columbia were more suppressed at higher temperatures, indicating some local adaptation, while plants from California were not affected by competitors, temperature, or water input. Plants grown from seeds obtained from warm and dry locations appear to be more tolerant to competition at higher temperatures, compared to plants from cooler regions. Native plant diversity and restoration success in grasslands subjected to climate change may be preserved or improved by assisted migration of seeds from warm to cooler but warming locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Donnelly
- Department of Natural Resource SciencesThompson Rivers UniversityKamloopsBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Morodoluwa Akin‐Fajiye
- Department of Natural Resource SciencesThompson Rivers UniversityKamloopsBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Lauchlan H. Fraser
- Department of Natural Resource SciencesThompson Rivers UniversityKamloopsBritish ColumbiaCanada
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Mata-Guel EO, Soh MCK, Butler CW, Morris RJ, Razgour O, Peh KSH. Impacts of anthropogenic climate change on tropical montane forests: an appraisal of the evidence. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2023; 98:1200-1224. [PMID: 36990691 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
In spite of their small global area and restricted distributions, tropical montane forests (TMFs) are biodiversity hotspots and important ecosystem services providers, but are also highly vulnerable to climate change. To protect and preserve these ecosystems better, it is crucial to inform the design and implementation of conservation policies with the best available scientific evidence, and to identify knowledge gaps and future research needs. We conducted a systematic review and an appraisal of evidence quality to assess the impacts of climate change on TMFs. We identified several skews and shortcomings. Experimental study designs with controls and long-term (≥10 years) data sets provide the most reliable evidence, but were rare and gave an incomplete understanding of climate change impacts on TMFs. Most studies were based on predictive modelling approaches, short-term (<10 years) and cross-sectional study designs. Although these methods provide moderate to circumstantial evidence, they can advance our understanding on climate change effects. Current evidence suggests that increasing temperatures and rising cloud levels have caused distributional shifts (mainly upslope) of montane biota, leading to alterations in biodiversity and ecological functions. Neotropical TMFs were the best studied, thus the knowledge derived there can serve as a proxy for climate change responses in under-studied regions elsewhere. Most studies focused on vascular plants, birds, amphibians and insects, with other taxonomic groups poorly represented. Most ecological studies were conducted at species or community levels, with a marked paucity of genetic studies, limiting understanding of the adaptive capacity of TMF biota. We thus highlight the long-term need to widen the methodological, thematic and geographical scope of studies on TMFs under climate change to address these uncertainties. In the short term, however, in-depth research in well-studied regions and advances in computer modelling approaches offer the most reliable sources of information for expeditious conservation action for these threatened forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik O Mata-Guel
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Malcolm C K Soh
- National Park Boards, 1 Cluny Road, Singapore, 259569, Singapore
| | - Connor W Butler
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Rebecca J Morris
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Orly Razgour
- Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4PS, UK
| | - Kelvin S-H Peh
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
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Barnes PW, Robson TM, Zepp RG, Bornman JF, Jansen MAK, Ossola R, Wang QW, Robinson SA, Foereid B, Klekociuk AR, Martinez-Abaigar J, Hou WC, Mackenzie R, Paul ND. Interactive effects of changes in UV radiation and climate on terrestrial ecosystems, biogeochemical cycles, and feedbacks to the climate system. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2023; 22:1049-1091. [PMID: 36723799 PMCID: PMC9889965 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-023-00376-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Terrestrial organisms and ecosystems are being exposed to new and rapidly changing combinations of solar UV radiation and other environmental factors because of ongoing changes in stratospheric ozone and climate. In this Quadrennial Assessment, we examine the interactive effects of changes in stratospheric ozone, UV radiation and climate on terrestrial ecosystems and biogeochemical cycles in the context of the Montreal Protocol. We specifically assess effects on terrestrial organisms, agriculture and food supply, biodiversity, ecosystem services and feedbacks to the climate system. Emphasis is placed on the role of extreme climate events in altering the exposure to UV radiation of organisms and ecosystems and the potential effects on biodiversity. We also address the responses of plants to increased temporal variability in solar UV radiation, the interactive effects of UV radiation and other climate change factors (e.g. drought, temperature) on crops, and the role of UV radiation in driving the breakdown of organic matter from dead plant material (i.e. litter) and biocides (pesticides and herbicides). Our assessment indicates that UV radiation and climate interact in various ways to affect the structure and function of terrestrial ecosystems, and that by protecting the ozone layer, the Montreal Protocol continues to play a vital role in maintaining healthy, diverse ecosystems on land that sustain life on Earth. Furthermore, the Montreal Protocol and its Kigali Amendment are mitigating some of the negative environmental consequences of climate change by limiting the emissions of greenhouse gases and protecting the carbon sequestration potential of vegetation and the terrestrial carbon pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- P W Barnes
- Biological Sciences and Environment Program, Loyola University New Orleans, New Orleans, USA.
| | - T M Robson
- Organismal & Evolutionary Biology (OEB), Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Viikki Plant Sciences Centre (ViPS), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- National School of Forestry, University of Cumbria, Ambleside, UK.
| | - R G Zepp
- ORD/CEMM, US Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, GA, USA
| | - J F Bornman
- Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | | | - R Ossola
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, USA
| | - Q-W Wang
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenyang, China
| | - S A Robinson
- Global Challenges Program & School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, Securing Antarctica's Environmental Future, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - B Foereid
- Environment and Natural Resources, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
| | - A R Klekociuk
- Antarctic Climate Program, Australian Antarctic Division, Kingston, Australia
| | - J Martinez-Abaigar
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of La Rioja, Logroño (La Rioja), Spain
| | - W-C Hou
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - R Mackenzie
- Cape Horn International Center (CHIC), Puerto Williams, Chile
- Millennium Institute Biodiversity of Antarctic and Subantarctic Ecosystems (BASE), Santiago, Chile
| | - N D Paul
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
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Hartikainen SM, Robson TM. The roles of species' relatedness and climate of origin in determining optical leaf traits over a large set of taxa growing at high elevation and high latitude. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1058162. [PMID: 36589097 PMCID: PMC9800846 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1058162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is driving many mountain plant species to higher elevations and northern plant species to higher latitudes. However, various biotic or abiotic constraints may restrict any range shift, and one relevant factor for migration to higher elevations could be species' ability to tolerate high UV-doses. Flavonoids are engaged in photoprotection, but also serve multiple ecological roles. We compared plant optical leaf trait responses of a large set of taxa growing in two botanical gardens (French Alps and southern Finland), considering potential constraints imposed by the relatedness of taxa and the legacy of climatic conditions at plants' original collection sites. The segregation of optically measured leaf traits along the phylogeny was studied using a published mega-tree GBOTB.extended.tre for vascular plants as a backbone. For a subset of taxa, we investigated the relationship between climatic conditions (namely solar radiation, temperature and precipitation at a coarse scale) at the plants' original collection site and current trait values. Upon testing the phylogenetic signal (Pagel's λ), we found a significant difference but intermediate lambda values overall for flavonol or flavone index (Iflav) and anthocyanin index (Iant), indicating that phylogenetic relatedness alone failed to explain the changes in trait values under a Brownian motion model of trait evolution. The local analysis (local indicator of phylogenetic association) indicated mostly positive autocorrelations for Iflav i.e. similarities in optically measured leaf traits, often among species from the same genus. We found significant relationships between climatic variables and leaf chlorophyll index (Ichl), but not Iflav, particularly for annual solar radiation. Changes in plants' Iflav across microhabitats differing in UV irradiance and predominately high F v /F m indicated that most plants studied had sufficient flexibility in photoprotection, conferred by Iflav, to acclimate to contemporary UV irradiances in their environment. While not explaining the mechanisms behind observed trait values, our findings do suggest that some high-elevation taxa display similar leaf flavonoid accumulation responses. These may be phylogenetically constrained and hence moderate plants' capacity to adjust to new combinations of environmental conditions resulting from climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saara M. Hartikainen
- Canopy Spectral Ecology and Ecophysiology Group (CanSEE), Organismal and Evolutionary Biology (OEB), Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - T. Matthew Robson
- Canopy Spectral Ecology and Ecophysiology Group (CanSEE), Organismal and Evolutionary Biology (OEB), Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- National School of Forestry, University of Cumbria, Ambleside, United Kingdom
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Veselá B, Holub P, Urban O, Surá K, Hodaňová P, Oravec M, Divinová R, Jansen MAK, Klem K. UV radiation and drought interact differently in grass and forb species of a mountain grassland. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 325:111488. [PMID: 36206962 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Among abiotic stressors, drought and enhanced ultraviolet radiation (UV) received a lot of attention, because of their potential to impair plant growth. Since drought and UV induce partially similar protective mechanisms, we tested the hypothesis that UV ameliorates the effect of reduced water availability (WA) in selected grass (Holcus mollis and Agrostis capillaris) and forb species (Hypericum maculatum and Rumex acetosa). During 2011-2014, an outdoor manipulation experiment was conducted on a mountain grassland ecosystem (Beskydy Mts; Czech Republic). Lamellar shelters were used to pass (WAamb) or exclude (WA-) incident precipitation in order to simulate reduced water availability (WA). In addition, the lamellas were made from acrylics either transmitting (UVamb) or blocking (UV-) incident UV. Generally, both UV exposure and reduced WA enhanced epidermal UV-screening, while exposure to both factors resulted in less than additive interactions. Although UV radiation increased epidermal UV-screening rather in the grass (up to 29 % in A. capillaris) than forb (up to 12 % in H. maculatum) species and rather in well-watered than reduced WA plants, such acclimation response did not result in significant alleviation of reduced WA effects on gas exchange and morphological parameters. The study contributes to a better understanding of plant responses to complex environmental conditions and will help for successful modelling forecasts of future climate change impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Veselá
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 4a, Brno CZ-603 00, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Holub
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 4a, Brno CZ-603 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Otmar Urban
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 4a, Brno CZ-603 00, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Surá
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 4a, Brno CZ-603 00, Czech Republic; Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, Brno CZ-613 00, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Hodaňová
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 4a, Brno CZ-603 00, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Oravec
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 4a, Brno CZ-603 00, Czech Republic
| | - Renata Divinová
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 4a, Brno CZ-603 00, Czech Republic
| | - Marcel A K Jansen
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 4a, Brno CZ-603 00, Czech Republic; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Environmental Research Institute, UCC, Cork, Ireland
| | - Karel Klem
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 4a, Brno CZ-603 00, Czech Republic; Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, Brno CZ-613 00, Czech Republic
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Alchemilla monticola Opiz. Functional Traits Respond to Diverse Alpine Environmental Conditions in Karavanke, Slovenia. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11192527. [PMID: 36235393 PMCID: PMC9571203 DOI: 10.3390/plants11192527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Alpine plants are exposed to demanding environmental conditions, such as high ultraviolet (UV) and photosynthetic radiation, extreme temperatures, drought, and nutrient deficiencies. Alpine plants adapt and acclimate to harsh conditions, developing several strategies, including biochemical, physiological, and optical responses. However, alpine plants’ survival strategies are hardly researched due to time-consuming and complex experimental conditions, which are supported by scarce studies. Our study focused on the functional traits of the alpine plant Alchemilla monticola Opiz (hairy lady’s mantle) growing at two different altitudes (1500, 2000 m a.s.l.) and two different UV exposures per altitude. Near-ambient (UV) and reduced (UV-) UV radiations were provided by using two sorts of UV absorbing filters; temperatures were monitored hourly. The experimental plots were located at Tegoška Gora, Karavanke, Slovenia. Functional traits: physiological, biochemical, and optical characteristics were recorded three times during the growing season. A. monticola showed high maximum photochemical efficiency at both altitudes throughout the season, which confirms good adaptation and acclimatization of the plant. Furthermore, significantly higher maximum photochemical efficiency at the subalpine altitude coincided with significantly higher UV absorbing compounds (UV AC) contents at the subalpine compared to the montane altitude in August. A. monticola manifested high UV AC contents throughout the season, with significantly increased synthesis of UV AC contents in the subalpine conditions in August and September. The stomatal conductance rate increased with altitude and was correlated mostly to a lower temperature. A. monticola leaves did not transmit any UV spectrum, which corresponded to high total UV AC contents. The leaf transmittance of the photosynthetic spectrum increased at the subalpine altitude, while the transmittance of the green and yellow spectra increased under the reduced UV radiation in the autumn. A. monticola’s high photosynthetic spectrum transmittance at the subalpine altitude in the autumn might therefore be due to subalpine harsh environmental conditions, as well as plant ontogenetical phase.
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Brelsford CC, Trasser M, Paris T, Hartikainen SM, Robson TM. Understorey light quality affects leaf pigments and leaf phenology in different plant functional types. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13723. [PMID: 35606930 PMCID: PMC9328371 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Forest understorey plants receive most sunlight in springtime before canopy closure, and in autumn following leaf-fall. We hypothesised that plant species must adjust their phenological and photoprotective strategies in response to large changes in the spectral composition of the sunlight they receive. Here, we identified how plant species growing in northern deciduous and evergreen forest understoreys differ in their response to blue light and ultraviolet (UV) radiation according to their functional strategy. We installed filters in a forest understorey in southern Finland, to create the following treatments attenuating: UV radiation below 350 nm, all UV radiation (< 400 nm), all blue light and UV radiation (< 500 nm), and a transparent control. In eight species, representing different functional strategies, we assessed leaf optical properties, phenology, and epidermal flavonoid contents over two years. Blue light accelerated leaf senescence in all species measured in the understorey, apart from Quercus robur seedlings, whereas UV radiation only accelerated leaf senescence in Acer platanoides seedlings. More light-demanding species accumulated flavonols in response to seasonal changes in light quality compared to shade-tolerant and wintergreen species and were particularly responsive to blue light. Reduction of blue and UV radiation under shade reveals an important role for microclimatic effects on autumn phenology and leaf photoprotection. An extension of canopy cover under climate change, and its associated suppression of understorey blue light and UV radiation, may delay leaf senescence for understorey species with an autumn niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig C. Brelsford
- Yield SystemsEspooFinland
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology (OEB), Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), Faculty of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Marieke Trasser
- Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant BiologyViennaAustria
- Vienna BioCenter PhD ProgramDoctoral School of the University of Vienna and Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Tom Paris
- EcodivNormandie Université, UNIROUENRouenFrance
| | - Saara M. Hartikainen
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology (OEB), Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), Faculty of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - T. Matthew Robson
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology (OEB), Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), Faculty of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
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Rai N, Morales LO, Aphalo PJ. Perception of solar UV radiation by plants: photoreceptors and mechanisms. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 186:1382-1396. [PMID: 33826733 PMCID: PMC8260113 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
About 95% of the ultraviolet (UV) photons reaching the Earth's surface are UV-A (315-400 nm) photons. Plant responses to UV-A radiation have been less frequently studied than those to UV-B (280-315 nm) radiation. Most previous studies on UV-A radiation have used an unrealistic balance between UV-A, UV-B, and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). Consequently, results from these studies are difficult to interpret from an ecological perspective, leaving an important gap in our understanding of the perception of solar UV radiation by plants. Previously, it was assumed UV-A/blue photoreceptors, cryptochromes and phototropins mediated photomorphogenic responses to UV-A radiation and "UV-B photoreceptor" UV RESISTANCE LOCUS 8 (UVR8) to UV-B radiation. However, our understanding of how UV-A radiation is perceived by plants has recently improved. Experiments using a realistic balance between UV-B, UV-A, and PAR have demonstrated that UVR8 can play a major role in the perception of both UV-B and short-wavelength UV-A (UV-Asw, 315 to ∼350 nm) radiation. These experiments also showed that UVR8 and cryptochromes jointly regulate gene expression through interactions that alter the relative sensitivity to UV-B, UV-A, and blue wavelengths. Negative feedback loops on the action of these photoreceptors can arise from gene expression, signaling crosstalk, and absorption of UV photons by phenolic metabolites. These interactions explain why exposure to blue light modulates photomorphogenic responses to UV-B and UV-Asw radiation. Future studies will need to distinguish between short and long wavelengths of UV-A radiation and to consider UVR8's role as a UV-B/UV-Asw photoreceptor in sunlight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Rai
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology, Viikki Plant Science Center (ViPS), Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Author for communication: . Present address: Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Luis Orlando Morales
- School of Science and Technology, The Life Science Center-Biology, Örebro University, SE-70182 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Pedro José Aphalo
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology, Viikki Plant Science Center (ViPS), Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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Trošt Sedej T, ErznoŽnik T, Rovtar J. Effect of UV radiation and altitude characteristics on the functional traits and leaf optical properties in Saxifraga hostii at the alpine and montane sites in the Slovenian Alps. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2020; 19:180-192. [PMID: 31956889 DOI: 10.1039/c9pp00032a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
UV radiation affects the biochemical, physiological and morphological responses of plants. The effect is most pronounced at high altitude, such as alpine regions, and low latitude environments. The effect of UV radiation is impacted by different environmental conditions including temperature. We examined the response of the alpine plant Saxifraga hostii Tausch subsp. hostii growing at two altitudes (montane, 1100 m a.s.l. and alpine, 1500 m a.s.l.) in the Slovenian Alps. Selected ecophysiological, anatomical and pigment analyses along with measurements of the leaf optical properties were carried out during the growing season from July to September. Plants were grown under two different UV levels, near-ambient UV (UV) and reduced UV (UV-) radiation, and temperature conditions were monitored at both altitudes. Saxifraga hostii exhibited high photochemical efficiency of photosystem II and stomatal conductance under near-ambient UV radiation in August, which indicates that it is a well-acclimated plant. In September, photochemical efficiency was higher under reduced UV at the alpine altitude which together with a lower photosynthetic pigment content indicate delayed senescence for plants growing under reduced UV. Most leaf tissue thicknesses were not affected by UV radiation and altitude difference. There was a trend of increased stomatal density and reduced stomatal length on both leaf surfaces under near-ambient UV in August. However, there was no effect of UV attenuation or location at the alpine or montane site on the content of UV-B absorbing compounds, which implies the plant's tolerance of UV-B radiation. Saxifraga hostii leaves showed high absorption in the UV spectrum at higher altitudes, as shown by their optical properties. This study shows that Saxifraga hostii is well-acclimated to ambient UV radiation and to the environmental conditions at both altitudes. The effect of UV radiation is impacted by site conditions and this produces diverse plant responses, which contribute to the specific functional traits of Saxifraga hostii in the high-altitude environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadeja Trošt Sedej
- University of Ljubljana, BF, Dept. of Biology, Večna pot 111, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Plant invasion into high elevations implies adaptation to high UV-B environments: a multi-species experiment. Biol Invasions 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-019-02173-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Brelsford CC, Nybakken L, Kotilainen TK, Robson TM. The influence of spectral composition on spring and autumn phenology in trees. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 39:925-950. [PMID: 30901060 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpz026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Several recent reviews highlight the molecular mechanisms that underpin phenological responses to temperature and photoperiod; however, these have mostly overlooked the influence of solar radiation and its spectral composition on these processes. For instance, solar radiation in the blue and ultraviolet (UV) regions of the spectrum, as well as the red/far-red (R:FR) ratio, can influence spring and autumn phenology. Solar radiation reaching the Earth changes diurnally and seasonally; however, rising global temperatures, latitudinal range shifts and light pollution are likely to produce novel combinations of phenological cues for tree species. Here, we review the literature on phenological responses to spectral composition. Our objective was to explore the natural variation in spectral composition using radiative transfer models and to reveal any species-specific or ecotype-specific responses relating to latitudinal origin. These responses are likely to be most pronounced at high latitudes where spectral composition varies most throughout the year. For instance, trees from high latitudes tend to be more sensitive to changes in R:FR than those from low latitudes. The effects of blue light and UV radiation on phenology have not been studied as much as those of R:FR, but the limited results available suggest both could be candidate cues affecting autumn leaf colouration and senescence. Failure of more-southern species and ecotypes to adapt and use spectral cues during northwards range shifts could result in mistimed phenology, potentially resulting in frost damage, reduced fitness and limited range expansion. Future areas for research should look to establish how consistently different functional types of tree respond to spectral cues and identify photoreceptor-mediated mechanisms that allow plants to combine information from multiple light cues to coordinate the timing of phenological events. It should then be feasible to consider the synchronous or sequential action of light cues within a hierarchy of environmental factors regulating phenology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig C Brelsford
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology, Viikki Plant Science Centre, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Line Nybakken
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Titta K Kotilainen
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology, Viikki Plant Science Centre, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Turku, Finland
| | - T Matthew Robson
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology, Viikki Plant Science Centre, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Pescheck F, Bilger W. High impact of seasonal temperature changes on acclimation of photoprotection and radiation-induced damage in field grown Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 134:129-136. [PMID: 30093294 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
At temperate latitudes environmental factors such as irradiance, including ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B, 280-315 nm), temperature and day length vary widely over the course of a year in a concerted way. In the present study physiological acclimation of photoprotection, growth and development of the model organism Arabidopsis thaliana were correlated to these strongly but gradually changing conditions in a one year field study. Plants were sown in the field avoiding any manipulation (and abrupt change) during their life. Developmental rate was strongly dependent on prevailing temperature. Moderate signs of light stress in form of photoinhibition at photosystem II were significantly related to solar irradiances while amount of DNA damage was low and not correlated to UV-B irradiance. Although all the markers were hypothesized to primarily react to radiation, multiple regression analysis showed at least a similarly strong influence of temperature as that of light. Especially for the classical UV screening compounds a positive correlation to UV-B radiation during the course of the year was absent, whereas there was a significant negative correlation between temperature and quercetin content. The sum of violaxanthin cycle pigments was correlated to both, irradiance and temperature, but with opposite sign. Epidermal UV-B transmittance was also much better related to air temperature than to UV-B irradiance. The data show that under natural conditions temperature has at least a similar importance for photoprotective acclimation and partially also for photosensitivity as solar irradiance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frauke Pescheck
- Botanical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, 24098, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Bilger
- Botanical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, 24098, Kiel, Germany
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Bais F, Luca RM, Bornman JF, Williamson CE, Sulzberger B, Austin AT, Wilson SR, Andrady AL, Bernhard G, McKenzie RL, Aucamp PJ, Madronich S, Neale RE, Yazar S, Young AR, de Gruijl FR, Norval M, Takizawa Y, Barnes PW, Robson TM, Robinson SA, Ballaré CL, Flint SD, Neale PJ, Hylander S, Rose KC, Wängberg SÅ, Häder DP, Worrest RC, Zepp RG, Paul ND, Cory RM, Solomon KR, Longstreth J, Pandey KK, Redhwi HH, Torikai A, Heikkilä AM. Environmental effects of ozone depletion, UV radiation and interactions with climate change: UNEP Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, update 2017. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2018; 17:127-179. [PMID: 29404558 PMCID: PMC6155474 DOI: 10.1039/c7pp90043k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Environmental Effects Assessment Panel (EEAP) is one of three Panels of experts that inform the Parties to the Montreal Protocol. The EEAP focuses on the effects of UV radiation on human health, terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, air quality, and materials, as well as on the interactive effects of UV radiation and global climate change. When considering the effects of climate change, it has become clear that processes resulting in changes in stratospheric ozone are more complex than previously held. Because of the Montreal Protocol, there are now indications of the beginnings of a recovery of stratospheric ozone, although the time required to reach levels like those before the 1960s is still uncertain, particularly as the effects of stratospheric ozone on climate change and vice versa, are not yet fully understood. Some regions will likely receive enhanced levels of UV radiation, while other areas will likely experience a reduction in UV radiation as ozone- and climate-driven changes affect the amounts of UV radiation reaching the Earth's surface. Like the other Panels, the EEAP produces detailed Quadrennial Reports every four years; the most recent was published as a series of seven papers in 2015 (Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., 2015, 14, 1-184). In the years in between, the EEAP produces less detailed and shorter Update Reports of recent and relevant scientific findings. The most recent of these was for 2016 (Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., 2017, 16, 107-145). The present 2017 Update Report assesses some of the highlights and new insights about the interactive nature of the direct and indirect effects of UV radiation, atmospheric processes, and climate change. A full 2018 Quadrennial Assessment, will be made available in 2018/2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Bais
- Aristotle Univ. of Thessaloniki, Laboratory of Atmospheric Physics, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - R. M. Luca
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National Univ., Canberra, Australia
| | - J. F. Bornman
- Curtin Univ., Curtin Business School, Perth, Australia
| | | | - B. Sulzberger
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - A. T. Austin
- Univ. of Buenos Aires, Faculty of Agronomy and IFEVA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S. R. Wilson
- School of Chemistry, Centre for Atmospheric Chemistry, Univ. of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - A. L. Andrady
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - G. Bernhard
- Biospherical Instruments Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - P. J. Aucamp
- Ptersa Environmental Consultants, Faerie Glen, South Africa
| | - S. Madronich
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - R. E. Neale
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - S. Yazar
- Univ. of Western Australia, Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Lions Eye Institute, Perth, Australia
| | | | - F. R. de Gruijl
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden Univ. Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M. Norval
- Univ. of Edinburgh Medical School, UK
| | - Y. Takizawa
- Akita Univ. School of Medicine, National Institute for Minamata Disease, Nakadai, Itabashiku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - P. W. Barnes
- Department of Biological Sciences and Environment Program, Loyola Univ., New Orleans, USA
| | - T. M. Robson
- Research Programme in Organismal and Evolutionary Biology, Viikki Plant Science Centre, Univ. of Helsinki, Finland
| | - S. A. Robinson
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions, School of Biological Sciences, Univ. of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - C. L. Ballaré
- Univ. of Buenos Aires, Faculty of Agronomy and IFEVA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S. D. Flint
- Dept of Forest, Rangeland and Fire Sciences, Univ. of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
| | - P. J. Neale
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, Maryland, USA
| | - S. Hylander
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial model Systems, Linnaeus Univ., Kalmar, Sweden
| | - K. C. Rose
- Dept of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - S.-Å. Wängberg
- Dept Marine Sciences, Univ. of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - D.-P. Häder
- Friedrich-Alexander Univ. Erlangen-Nürnberg, Dept of Biology, Möhrendorf, Germany
| | - R. C. Worrest
- CIESIN, Columbia Univ., New Hartford, Connecticut, USA
| | - R. G. Zepp
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - N. D. Paul
- Lanter Environment Centre, Lanter Univ., LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - R. M. Cory
- Earth and Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - K. R. Solomon
- Centre for Toxicology, School of Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - J. Longstreth
- The Institute for Global Risk Research, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - K. K. Pandey
- Institute of Wood Science and Technology, Bengaluru, India
| | - H. H. Redhwi
- Chemical Engineering Dept, King Fahd Univ. of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - A. Torikai
- Materials Life Society of Japan, Kayabacho Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - A. M. Heikkilä
- Finnish Meteorological Institute R&D/Climate Research, Helsinki, Finland
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