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Naseer MA, Hussain S, Mukhtar A, Rui Q, Ru G, Ahmad H, Zhang ZQ, Shi LB, Asad MS, Chen X, Zhou XB, Ren X. Chlorophyll fluorescence, physiology, and yield of winter wheat under different irrigation and shade durations during the grain-filling stage. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1396929. [PMID: 39135649 PMCID: PMC11317437 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1396929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
The uneven spatial and temporal distribution of light resources and water scarcity during the grain-filling stage pose significant challenges for sustainable crop production, particularly in the arid areas of the Loess Plateau in Northwest China. This study aims to investigate the combined effects of drought and shading stress on winter wheat growth and its physio-biochemical and antioxidative responses. Wheat plants were subjected to different drought levels- full irrigation (I100), 75% of full irrigation (I75), 50% of full irrigation (I50), and 25% of full irrigation (I25), and shading treatments - 12, 9, 6, 3 and 0 days (SD12, SD9, SD6, SD3, and CK, respectively) during the grain-filling stage. The effects of drought and shading treatments reduced yield in descending order, with the most significant reductions observed in the SD12 and I25 treatments. These treatments decreased grain yield, spikes per plant, 1000-grain weight, and spikelets per spike by 160.67%, 248.13%, 28.22%, and 179.55%, respectively, compared to the CK. Furthermore, MDA content and antioxidant enzyme activities exhibited an ascending trend with reduced irrigation and longer shading durations. The highest values were recorded in the I75 and SD12 treatments, which increased MDA, SOD, POD, and CAT activities by 65.22, 66.79, 65.07 and 58.38%, respectively, compared to the CK. The Pn, E, Gs, and iCO2 exhibited a decreasing trend (318.14, 521.09, 908.77, and 90.85%) with increasing shading duration and decreasing irrigation amount. Drought and shading treatments damage leaf chlorophyll fluorescence, decreasing yield and related physiological and biochemical attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Asad Naseer
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physio-Ecology and Tillage Science in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Sadam Hussain
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Ahmed Mukhtar
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physio-Ecology and Tillage Science in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qian Rui
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physio-Ecology and Tillage Science in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guo Ru
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physio-Ecology and Tillage Science in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haseeb Ahmad
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhi Qin Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Li Bo Shi
- Sinochem Modern Agriculture (Shandong) Co., Ltd, Jinan, China
| | - Muhammad Shoaib Asad
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physio-Ecology and Tillage Science in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physio-Ecology and Tillage Science in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xun Bo Zhou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaolong Ren
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physio-Ecology and Tillage Science in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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Zhang L, Feng Y, Zhao Z, Baoyin B, Cui Z, Wang H, Li Q, Cui J. Macrogenomics-Based Analysis of the Effects of Intercropped Soybean Photosynthetic Characteristics and Nitrogen-Assimilating Enzyme Activities on Yield at Different Nitrogen Levels. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1220. [PMID: 38930602 PMCID: PMC11206168 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Currently, China's soybean self-sufficiency rate is only 15%, highlighting the soybean crisis and the supply chain risks that pose a major threat to China's food security. Thus, it has become imperative to step up efforts to boost soybean production capacity while promoting the green and sustainable development of regional farmland ecosystems. In this context, the present study comprehensively investigated the effects of intercropping and nitrogen application rate on soybean yield, as well as the changes in gradients generated by different levels of nitrogen application. Based on six consecutive years of maize-soybean intercropping planting patterns, the inter-root soils of soybeans were collected at the flowering stage and evaluated for soil nitrogen content, nitrogen-assimilating enzyme activities, and microbial community composition of soybean, which were correlated with yield, to clarify the main pathways and modes of intercropping effects. The N2 level (80 kg·ha-1) was favourable for higher yield. In comparison to monocropping, the intercropping reduced yield by 9.65-13.01%, photosynthetic characteristics by 1.33-7.31%, and plant nitrogen-assimilating enzyme activities by 8.08-32.01% at the same level of N application. Likewise, soil urease and catalase activities were reduced by 9.22 and 1.80%, while soil nitrogen content declined by an average of 6.38%. Gemmatimonas and Bradyrhizobium enrichment significantly increased soil nitrogen content, photosynthetic characteristics, and soybean yield, while it was reduced by Candidatus_Udaeobacter and Candidatus_Solibacte enrichment. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for further optimising maize-soybean intercropping, which is crucial for enhancing the agricultural production structure and improving the overall soybean production capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Zhang
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (L.Z.); (Y.F.); (Z.Z.); (B.B.); (H.W.)
| | - Yudi Feng
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (L.Z.); (Y.F.); (Z.Z.); (B.B.); (H.W.)
| | - Zehang Zhao
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (L.Z.); (Y.F.); (Z.Z.); (B.B.); (H.W.)
| | - Bate Baoyin
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (L.Z.); (Y.F.); (Z.Z.); (B.B.); (H.W.)
| | - Zhengguo Cui
- Soybean Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130033, China;
| | - Hongyu Wang
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (L.Z.); (Y.F.); (Z.Z.); (B.B.); (H.W.)
| | - Qiuzhu Li
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (L.Z.); (Y.F.); (Z.Z.); (B.B.); (H.W.)
| | - Jinhu Cui
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (L.Z.); (Y.F.); (Z.Z.); (B.B.); (H.W.)
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Zhou C, Gu X, Li J, Su X, Chen S, Tang J, Chen L, Cai N, Xu Y. Physiological Characteristics and Transcriptomic Responses of Pinus yunnanensis Lateral Branching to Different Shading Environments. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1588. [PMID: 38931020 PMCID: PMC11207258 DOI: 10.3390/plants13121588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Pinus yunnanensis is an important component of China's economic development and forest ecosystems. The growth of P. yunnanensis seedlings experienced a slow growth phase, which led to a long seedling cultivation period. However, asexual reproduction can ensure the stable inheritance of the superior traits of the mother tree and also shorten the breeding cycle. The quantity and quality of branching significantly impact the cutting reproduction of P. yunnanensis, and a shaded environment affects lateral branching growth, development, and photosynthesis. Nonetheless, the physiological characteristics and the level of the transcriptome that underlie the growth of lateral branches of P. yunnanensis under shade conditions are still unclear. In our experiment, we subjected annual P. yunnanensis seedlings to varying shade intensities (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%) and studied the effects of shading on growth, physiological and biochemical changes, and gene expression in branching. Results from this study show that shading reduces biomass production by inhibiting the branching ability of P. yunnanensis seedlings. Due to the regulatory and protective roles of osmotically active substances against environmental stress, the contents of soluble sugars, soluble proteins, photosynthetic pigments, and enzyme activities exhibit varying responses to different shading treatments. Under shading treatment, the contents of phytohormones were altered. Additionally, genes associated with phytohormone signaling and photosynthetic pathways exhibited differential expression. This study established a theoretical foundation for shading regulation of P. yunnanensis lateral branch growth and provides scientific evidence for the management of cutting orchards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiyu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (C.Z.); (X.G.); (J.L.); (X.S.); (S.C.); (J.T.); (L.C.); (N.C.)
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Xuesha Gu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (C.Z.); (X.G.); (J.L.); (X.S.); (S.C.); (J.T.); (L.C.); (N.C.)
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Jiangfei Li
- Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (C.Z.); (X.G.); (J.L.); (X.S.); (S.C.); (J.T.); (L.C.); (N.C.)
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Xin Su
- Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (C.Z.); (X.G.); (J.L.); (X.S.); (S.C.); (J.T.); (L.C.); (N.C.)
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Shi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (C.Z.); (X.G.); (J.L.); (X.S.); (S.C.); (J.T.); (L.C.); (N.C.)
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Junrong Tang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (C.Z.); (X.G.); (J.L.); (X.S.); (S.C.); (J.T.); (L.C.); (N.C.)
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (C.Z.); (X.G.); (J.L.); (X.S.); (S.C.); (J.T.); (L.C.); (N.C.)
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Nianhui Cai
- Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (C.Z.); (X.G.); (J.L.); (X.S.); (S.C.); (J.T.); (L.C.); (N.C.)
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Yulan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (C.Z.); (X.G.); (J.L.); (X.S.); (S.C.); (J.T.); (L.C.); (N.C.)
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
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Deng J, Huang X, Chen J, Vanholme B, Guo J, He Y, Qin W, Zhang J, Yang W, Liu J. Shade stress triggers ethylene biosynthesis to accelerate soybean senescence and impede nitrogen remobilization. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 210:108658. [PMID: 38677188 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
In gramineae-soybean intercropping systems, shade stress caused by taller plants impacts soybean growth specifically during the reproductive stage. However, the effects of shade stress on soybean senescence remain largely unexplored. In this research, we applied artificial shade treatments with intensities of 75% (S75) and 50% (S50) to soybean plants at the onset of flowering to simulate the shade stress experienced by soybeans in the traditional and optimized maize-soybean intercropping systems, respectively. Compared to the normal light control, both shade treatments led to a rapid decline in the dry matter content of soybean vegetative organs and accelerated their abscission. Moreover, shade treatments triggered the degradation of chlorophyll and soluble proteins in leaves and increased the expression of genes associated with leaf senescence. Metabolic profiling further revealed that ethylene biosynthesis and signal transduction were induced by shade treatment. In addition, the examination of nitrogen content demonstrated that shade treatments impeded the remobilization of nitrogen in vegetative tissues, consequently reducing the seed nitrogen harvest. It's worth noting that these negative effects were less pronounced under the S50 treatment compared to the S75 treatment. Taken together, this research demonstrates that shade stress during the reproductive stage accelerates soybean senescence and impedes nitrogen remobilization, while optimizing the field layout to improve soybean growth light conditions could mitigate these challenges in the maize-soybean intercropping system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juncai Deng
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, Sichuan, 625014, China; Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Xiangqing Huang
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Jianhua Chen
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Bartel Vanholme
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, B-9052, Gent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 71, B-9052, Gent, Belgium
| | - Jinya Guo
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, Sichuan, 625014, China
| | - Yuanyuan He
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Wenting Qin
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, Sichuan, 625014, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Wenyu Yang
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
| | - Jiang Liu
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, Sichuan, 625014, China; Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
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Gu Y, Zheng H, Li S, Wang W, Guan Z, Li J, Mei N, Hu W. Effects of narrow-wide row planting patterns on canopy photosynthetic characteristics, bending resistance and yield of soybean in maize‒soybean intercropping systems. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9361. [PMID: 38654091 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59916-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
With the improvements in mechanization levels, it is difficult for the traditional intercropping planting patterns to meet the needs of mechanization. In the traditional maize‒soybean intercropping, maize has a shading effect on soybean, which leads to a decrease in soybean photosynthetic capacity and stem bend resistance, resulting in severe lodging, which greatly affects soybean yield. In this study, we investigated the effects of three intercropping ratios (four rows of maize and four rows of soybean; four rows of maize and six rows of soybean; six rows of maize and six rows of soybean) and two planting patterns (narrow-wide row planting pattern of 80-50 cm and uniform-ridges planting pattern of 65 cm) on soybean canopy photosynthesis, stem bending resistance, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and related enzyme activities. Compared with the uniform-ridge planting pattern, the narrow-wide row planting pattern significantly increased the LAI, PAR, light transmittance and compound yield by 6.06%, 2.49%, 5.68% and 5.95%, respectively. The stem bending resistance and cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and PAL, TAL and CAD activities were also significantly increased. Compared with those under the uniform-ridge planting pattern, these values increased by 7.74%, 3.04%, 8.42%, 9.76%, 7.39%, 10.54% and 8.73% respectively. Under the three intercropping ratios, the stem bending resistance, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin content and PAL, TAL, and CAD activities in the M4S6 treatment were significantly greater than those in the M4S4 and M6S6 treatments. Compared with the M4S4 treatment, these variables increased by 12.05%, 11.09%, 21.56%, 11.91%, 18.46%, 16.1%, and 16.84%, respectively, and compared with the M6S6 treatment, they increased by 2.06%, 2.53%, 2.78%, 2.98%, 8.81%, 4.59%, and 4.36%, respectively. The D-M4S6 treatment significantly improved the lodging resistance of soybean and weakened the negative impact of intercropping on soybean yield. Therefore, based on the planting pattern of narrow-wide row maize‒soybean intercropping planting pattern, four rows of maize and six rows of soybean were more effective at improving the lodging resistance of soybean in the semiarid region of western China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gu
- Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 131008, China
| | - Haoyuan Zheng
- Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 131008, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 131008, China
| | - Wantong Wang
- Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 131008, China
| | - Zheyun Guan
- Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130124, China
| | - Jizhu Li
- Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 131008, China
| | - Nan Mei
- Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 131008, China.
| | - Wenhe Hu
- Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 131008, China.
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Sreekanta S, Haaning A, Dobbels A, O'Neill R, Hofstad A, Virdi K, Katagiri F, Stupar RM, Muehlbauer GJ, Lorenz AJ. Variation in shoot architecture traits and their relationship to canopy coverage and light interception in soybean (Glycine max). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:194. [PMID: 38493116 PMCID: PMC10944616 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04859-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In soybeans, faster canopy coverage (CC) is a highly desirable trait but a fully covered canopy is unfavorable to light interception at lower levels in the canopy with most of the incident radiation intercepted at the top of the canopy. Shoot architecture that influences CC is well studied in crops such as maize and wheat, and altering architectural traits has resulted in enhanced yield. However, in soybeans the study of shoot architecture has not been as extensive. RESULTS This study revealed significant differences in CC among the selected soybean accessions. The rate of CC was found to decrease at the beginning of the reproductive stage (R1) followed by an increase during the R2-R3 stages. Most of the accessions in the study achieved maximum rate of CC between R2-R3 stages. We measured Light interception (LI), defined here as the ratio of Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) transmitted through the canopy to the incoming PAR or the radiation above the canopy. LI was found to be significantly correlated with CC parameters, highlighting the relationship between canopy structure and light interception. The study also explored the impact of plant shape on LI and CO2 assimilation. Plant shape was characterized into distinct quantifiable parameters and by modeling the impact of plant shape on LI and CO2 assimilation, we found that plants with broad and flat shapes at the top maybe more photosynthetically efficient at low light levels, while conical shapes were likely more advantageous when light was abundant. Shoot architecture of plants in this study was described in terms of whole plant, branching and leaf-related traits. There was significant variation for the shoot architecture traits between different accessions, displaying high reliability. We found that that several shoot architecture traits such as plant height, and leaf and internode-related traits strongly influenced CC and LI. CONCLUSION In conclusion, this study provides insight into the relationship between soybean shoot architecture, canopy coverage, and light interception. It demonstrates that novel shoot architecture traits we have defined here are genetically variable, impact CC and LI and contribute to our understanding of soybean morphology. Correlations between different architecture traits, CC and LI suggest that it is possible to optimize soybean growth without compromising on light transmission within the soybean canopy. In addition, the study underscores the utility of integrating low-cost 2D phenotyping as a practical and cost-effective alternative to more time-intensive 3D or high-tech low-throughput methods. This approach offers a feasible means of studying basic shoot architecture traits at the field level, facilitating a broader and efficient assessment of plant morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suma Sreekanta
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, 55108, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Allison Haaning
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, 55108, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Austin Dobbels
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, 55108, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Riley O'Neill
- School of Mathematics, University of Minnesota, 55455, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Anna Hofstad
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, 55108, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Kamaldeep Virdi
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, 55108, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Fumiaki Katagiri
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology and Microbial and Plant Genomics Institute, University of Minnesota, 55108, St Paul, MN, USA
| | - Robert M Stupar
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, 55108, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Gary J Muehlbauer
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, 55108, St. Paul, MN, USA.
| | - Aaron J Lorenz
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, 55108, St. Paul, MN, USA.
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Ma C, Feng Y, Wang J, Zheng B, Wang X, Jiao N. Integrative Physiological, Transcriptome, and Proteome Analyses Provide Insights into the Photosynthetic Changes in Maize in a Maize-Peanut Intercropping System. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:65. [PMID: 38202373 PMCID: PMC10780508 DOI: 10.3390/plants13010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Intercropping is a traditional and sustainable planting method that can make rational use of natural resources such as light, temperature, fertilizer, water, and CO2. Due to its efficient resource utilization, intercropping, in particular, maize and legume intercropping, is widespread around the world. However, the molecular details of these pathways remain largely unknown. In this study, physiological, transcriptome, and proteome analyses were compared between maize monocropping and maize-peanut intercropping. The results show that an intercropping system enhanced the ability of carbon fixation and carboxylation of maize leaves. Apparent quantum yield (AQY), the light-saturated net photosynthetic rate (LSPn), the light saturation point (LSP), and the light compensation point (LCP) were increased by 11.6%, 9.4%, 8.9%, and 32.1% in the intercropping system, respectively; carboxylation efficiency (CE), the CO2 saturation point (Cisat), the Rubisco maximum carboxylation rate (Vcmax), the maximum electron transfer rate (Jmax), and the triose phosphate utilization rate (TPU) were increased by 28.5%, 7.3%, 18.7%, 29.2%, and 17.0%, respectively; meanwhile, the CO2 compensation point (Γ) decreased by 22.6%. Moreover, the transcriptome analysis confirmed the presence of 588 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and the numbers of up-regulated and down-regulated genes were 383 and 205, respectively. The DEGs were primarily concerned with ribosomes, plant hormone signal transduction, and photosynthesis. Furthermore, 549 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified in the maize leaves in both the maize monocropping and maize-peanut intercropping systems. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that 186 DEPs were related to 37 specific KEGG pathways in each of the two treatment groups. Based on the physiological, transcriptome, and proteome analyses, it was demonstrated that the photosynthetic characteristics in maize leaves can be improved by maize-peanut intercropping. This may be related to PS I, PS II, cytochrome b6f complex, ATP synthase, and photosynthetic CO2 fixation, which is caused by the improved CO2 carboxylation efficiency. Our results provide a more in-depth understanding of the high yield and high-efficiency mechanism in maize and peanut intercropping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ma
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (C.M.); (J.W.); (B.Z.); (X.W.)
| | - Yalan Feng
- College of Life Science, Wuchang University of Technology, Wuhan 430223, China;
| | - Jiangtao Wang
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (C.M.); (J.W.); (B.Z.); (X.W.)
| | - Bin Zheng
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (C.M.); (J.W.); (B.Z.); (X.W.)
| | - Xiaoxiao Wang
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (C.M.); (J.W.); (B.Z.); (X.W.)
| | - Nianyuan Jiao
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (C.M.); (J.W.); (B.Z.); (X.W.)
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8
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Mohanan A, Kodigudla A, Raman DR, Bakka K, Challabathula D. Trehalose accumulation enhances drought tolerance by modulating photosynthesis and ROS-antioxidant balance in drought sensitive and tolerant rice cultivars. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 29:2035-2049. [PMID: 38222274 PMCID: PMC10784439 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-023-01404-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Trehalose being an integral part for plant growth, development and abiotic stress tolerance is accumulated in minute amounts in angiosperms with few exceptions from resurrection plants. In the current study, two rice cultivars differing in drought tolerance were used to analyse the role of trehalose in modulating photosynthesis and ROS-antioxidant balance leading to improvement in drought tolerance. Accumulation of trehalose in leaves of Vaisakh (drought-tolerant) and Aiswarya (drought-sensitive) rice cultivars was observed by spraying 50 mM trehalose and 100 µM validamycin A (trehalase inhibitor) followed by vacuum infiltration. Compared to stress sensitive Aiswarya cultivar, higher trehalose levels were observed in leaves of Vaisakh not only under control conditions but also under drought conditions corresponding with increased root length. The increase in leaf trehalose by treatment with trehalose or validamycin A corresponded well with a decrease in electrolyte leakage in sensitive and tolerant plants. Decreased ROS levels were reflected as increase in antioxidant enzyme activity and their gene expression in leaves of both the cultivars treated with trehalose or Validamycin A under control and drought conditions signifying the importance of trehalose in modulating the ROS-antioxidant balance for cellular protection. Further, higher chlorophyll, higher photosynthetic activity and modulation in other gas exchange parameters upon treatment with trehalose or validamycin A strongly suggested the beneficial role of trehalose for stress tolerance. Trehalose accumulation helped the tolerant cultivar adjust towards drought by maintaining higher water status and alleviating the ROS toxicity by effective activation and increment in antioxidant enzyme activity along with enhanced photosynthesis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-023-01404-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhil Mohanan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu 610 005 India
| | - Anjali Kodigudla
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu 610 005 India
| | - Dhana Ramya Raman
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu 610 005 India
| | - Kavya Bakka
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu 610005 India
| | - Dinakar Challabathula
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu 610 005 India
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9
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Cheng B, Yang Z, Chen F, Yue L, Cao X, Li J, Qian HL, Yan XP, Wang C, Wang Z. Biomass-derived carbon dots with light conversion and nutrient provisioning capabilities facilitate plant photosynthesis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 901:165973. [PMID: 37532034 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs)-enabled agriculture has been developing rapidly, but small-scale synthesis and high costs hinder the agricultural application of CDs. Herein, biomass-derived carbon dots (B-CDs) were prepared on a gram-level with low cost, and these B-CDs significantly improved crop photosynthesis. The B-CDs, exhibiting small size and blue fluorescence, were absorbed by crops and enhanced photosynthesis via light-harvesting. Foliar application of B-CDs (10 mg·kg-1) could promote chlorophyll synthesis (30-100 %), Ferredoxin (Fd, 40-80 %), Rubisco enzyme (20-110 %) and upregulated gene expression (20-70 %), resulting in higher net photosynthetic rates (130-300 %), dry biomass (160-300 %) and fresh biomass (80-150 %). Further, the B-CDs could increase crop photosynthesis under nutrient deficient conditions, which was attributed to the release of nutrients from B-CDs. Therefore, the B-CDs enhanced the photosynthesis via enhancing light conversion and nutrient supply. This study provides a promising material capable of enhancing photosynthesis for sustainable agriculture production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingxu Cheng
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, and School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Zhilin Yang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, and School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Feiran Chen
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, and School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Le Yue
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, and School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Xuesong Cao
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, and School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jing Li
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, and School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Hai-Long Qian
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiu-Ping Yan
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Chuanxi Wang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, and School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, and School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, 215009, China
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10
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Jing X, Chen P, Jin X, Lei J, Wang L, Chai S, Yang X. Physiological, Photosynthetic, and Transcriptomics Insights into the Influence of Shading on Leafy Sweet Potato. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:2112. [PMID: 38136933 PMCID: PMC10742944 DOI: 10.3390/genes14122112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Leafy sweet potato is a new type of sweet potato, whose leaves and stems are used as green vegetables. However, sweet potato tips can be affected by pre-harvest factors, especially the intensity of light. At present, intercropping, greenhouse planting, and photovoltaic agriculture have become common planting modes for sweet potato. Likewise, they can also cause insufficient light conditions or even low light stress. This research aimed to evaluate the influence of four different shading levels (no shading, 30%, 50%, and 70% shading degree) on the growth profile of sweet potato leaves. The net photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll pigments, carbohydrates, and polyphenol components were determined. Our findings displayed that shading reduced the content of the soluble sugar, starch, and sucrose of leaves, as well as the yield and Pn. The concentrations of Chl a, Chl b, and total Chl were increased and the Chl a/b ratio was decreased for the more efficient interception and absorption of light under shading conditions. In addition, 30% and 50% shading increased the total phenolic, total flavonoids, and chlorogenic acid. Transcriptome analysis indicated that genes related to the antioxidant, secondary metabolism of phenols and flavonoids, photosynthesis, and MAPK signaling pathway were altered in response to shading stresses. We concluded that 30% shading induced a high expression of antioxidant genes, while genes related to the secondary metabolism of phenols and flavonoids were upregulated by 50% shading. And the MAPK signaling pathway was modulated under 70% shading, and most stress-related genes were downregulated. Moreover, the genes involved in photosynthesis, such as chloroplast development, introns splicing, and Chlorophyll synthesis, were upregulated as shading levels increased. This research provides a new theoretical basis for understanding the tolerance and adaptation mechanism of leafy sweet potato in low light environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Jing
- Institute of Food Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (X.J.); (P.C.); (X.J.); (J.L.); (L.W.); (S.C.)
- Agricultural College, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434022, China
| | - Peiru Chen
- Institute of Food Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (X.J.); (P.C.); (X.J.); (J.L.); (L.W.); (S.C.)
| | - Xiaojie Jin
- Institute of Food Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (X.J.); (P.C.); (X.J.); (J.L.); (L.W.); (S.C.)
| | - Jian Lei
- Institute of Food Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (X.J.); (P.C.); (X.J.); (J.L.); (L.W.); (S.C.)
| | - Lianjun Wang
- Institute of Food Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (X.J.); (P.C.); (X.J.); (J.L.); (L.W.); (S.C.)
| | - Shasha Chai
- Institute of Food Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (X.J.); (P.C.); (X.J.); (J.L.); (L.W.); (S.C.)
| | - Xinsun Yang
- Institute of Food Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (X.J.); (P.C.); (X.J.); (J.L.); (L.W.); (S.C.)
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11
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Li M, Hu P, He D, Zheng B, Guo Y, Wu Y, Duan T. Quantification of the Cumulative Shading Capacity in a Maize-Soybean Intercropping System Using an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle. PLANT PHENOMICS (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2023; 5:0095. [PMID: 37953854 PMCID: PMC10637764 DOI: 10.34133/plantphenomics.0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
In intercropping systems, higher crops block direct radiation, resulting in inevitable shading on the lower crops. Cumulative shading capacity (CSC), defined as the amount of direct radiation shaded by higher crops during a growth period, affects the light interception and radiation use efficiency of crops. Previous studies investigated the light interception and distribution of intercropping. However, how to directly quantify the CSC and its inter-row heterogeneity is still unclear. Considering the canopy height differences (Hms, obtained using an unmanned aerial vehicle) and solar position, we developed a shading capacity model (SCM) to quantify the shading on soybean in maize-soybean intercropping systems. Our results indicated that the southernmost row of soybean had the highest shading proportion, with variations observed among treatments composed of strip configurations and plant densities (ranging from 52.44% to 57.44%). The maximum overall CSC in our treatments reached 123.77 MJ m-2. There was a quantitative relationship between CSC and the soybean canopy height increment (y = 3.61 × 10-2×ln(x)+6.80 × 10-1, P < 0.001). Assuming that the growth status of maize and soybean was consistent under different planting directions and latitudes, we evaluated the effects of factors (i.e., canopy height difference, latitude, and planting direction) on shading to provide insights for optimizing intercropping planting patterns. The simulation showed that increasing canopy height differences and latitude led to increased shading, and the planting direction with the least shading was about 90° to 120° at the experimental site. The newly proposed SCM offers a quantitative approach for better understanding shading in intercropping systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- College of Land Science and Technology,
China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Pengcheng Hu
- School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability,
The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- Agriculture and Food, CSIRO, GPO Box 1700, Canberra ACT 2601, ACT, Australia
| | - Di He
- Agriculture and Food, CSIRO, GPO Box 1700, Canberra ACT 2601, ACT, Australia
| | - Bangyou Zheng
- Agriculture and Food, CSIRO, Queensland Biosciences Precinct, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Yan Guo
- College of Land Science and Technology,
China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yushan Wu
- College of Agronomy,
Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Duan
- Institute of Microelectronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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12
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Kang L, Wu Y, Jia Y, Chen Z, Kang D, Zhang L, Pan C. Nano-selenium enhances melon resistance to Podosphaera xanthii by enhancing the antioxidant capacity and promoting alterations in the polyamine, phenylpropanoid and hormone signaling pathways. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:377. [PMID: 37845678 PMCID: PMC10577987 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02148-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Powdery mildew is one of the main problematic diseases in melon production, requiring the use of chemical pesticides with disease-resistant cultivars for control. However, the often rapid acquisition of fungicidal resistance by mildew pathogens makes this practice unsustainable. The identification of crop treatments that can enhance resistance to powdery mildew resistance is therefore important to reduce melon crop attrition. This study indicates that the application of Nano-Se can reduce the powdery mildew disease index by 21-45%. The Nano-Se treatment reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation, with increases in glutathione (GSH), proline and 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH). Increases were also observed in the activities and transcriptional levels of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and peroxidase (POD). Assays with four different cultivars of melon with differing levels of mildew resistance demonstrated that relative to the control, the Nano-Se treatment resulted in larger responses to mildew infection, including increases in the levels of putrescine (PUT; 43-112%) and spermine (SPM; 36-118%), indoleacetic acid (IAA; 43-172%) and salicylic acid (SA; 24-73%), the activities of phenylalanine ammonium lyase (PAL), trans-cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H) and 4-coumarate: Co A ligase (4CL) of the phenylpropanoid pathway (22-38%, 24-126% and 19-64%, respectively). Key genes in the polyamine and phenylpropanoid pathway were also upregulated. These results indicate that the foliar application of Nano-Se improved melon defenses against powdery mildew infection, with a significant reduction in mildew disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Kang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Pest Chemical Control & Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, College of Science, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuan Western Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing Technology, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, 830091, China
| | - Yangliu Wu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Pest Chemical Control & Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, College of Science, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuan Western Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Yujiao Jia
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Pest Chemical Control & Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, College of Science, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuan Western Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhendong Chen
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530000, China
| | - Dexian Kang
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530000, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530000, China
| | - Canping Pan
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Pest Chemical Control & Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, College of Science, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuan Western Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China.
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13
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Suárez JC, Urban MO, Anzola JA, Contreras AT, Vanegas JI, Beebe SE, Rao IM. Influence of Increase in Phosphorus Supply on Agronomic, Phenological, and Physiological Performance of Two Common Bean Breeding Lines Grown in Acidic Soil under High Temperature Stress Conditions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3277. [PMID: 37765443 PMCID: PMC10534644 DOI: 10.3390/plants12183277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Many common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plants cultivated in areas of the world with acidic soils exhibit difficulties adapting to low phosphorus (P) availability, along with aluminum (Al) toxicity, causing yield loss. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of an increase in P supply level on the agronomic, phenological, and physiological performance of two common bean breeding lines grown in acidic soil, with low fertility and under high temperature conditions, in a screenhouse. A randomized complete block (RCB) design was used under a factorial arrangement (five levels of P × 2 genotypes) for a total of 10 treatments with four replications. The factors considered in the experiment were: (i) five P supply levels (kg ha-1): four levels of P0, P15, P30, and P45 through the application of rock phosphate (RP), and one P level supplied through the application of organic matter (PSOM) corresponding to 25 kg P ha-1 (P25); and (ii) two advanced bean lines (BFS 10 and SEF10). Both bean lines were grown under the combined stress conditions of high temperatures (day and night maximum temperatures of 42.5 °C/31.1 °C, respectively) and acidic soil. By increasing the supply of P, a significant effect was found, indicating an increase in the growth and development of different vegetative organs, as well as physiological efficiency in photosynthesis and photosynthate remobilization, which resulted in higher grain yield in both bean lines evaluated (BFS 10 and SEF10). The adaptive responses of the two bean lines were found to be related to phenological adjustments (days to flowering and physiological maturity; stomatal development), as well as to heat dissipation strategies in the form of heat (NPQ) or unregulated energy (qN) that contributed to greater agronomic performance. We found that, to some extent, increased P supply alleviated the negative effects of high temperature on the growth and development of the reproductive organs of bean lines. Both bean lines (BFS 10 and SEF 10) showed adaptive attributes suited to the combined stress conditions of high temperature and acidic soil, and these two lines can serve as useful parents in a bean breeding program to develop multiple stress tolerant cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Suárez
- Programa de Ingeniería Agroecológica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de la Amazonia, Florencia 180001, Colombia; (J.A.A.); (A.T.C.); (J.I.V.)
- Centro de Investigaciones Amazónicas CIMAZ Macagual César Augusto Estrada González, Grupo de Investigaciones Agroecosistemas y Conservación en Bosques Amazónicos-GAIA, Florencia 180001, Colombia
| | - Milan O. Urban
- International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Km 17 Recta Cali-Palmira, Cali 763537, Colombia; (M.O.U.); (S.E.B.); (I.M.R.)
| | - José Alexander Anzola
- Programa de Ingeniería Agroecológica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de la Amazonia, Florencia 180001, Colombia; (J.A.A.); (A.T.C.); (J.I.V.)
| | - Amara Tatiana Contreras
- Programa de Ingeniería Agroecológica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de la Amazonia, Florencia 180001, Colombia; (J.A.A.); (A.T.C.); (J.I.V.)
- Centro de Investigaciones Amazónicas CIMAZ Macagual César Augusto Estrada González, Grupo de Investigaciones Agroecosistemas y Conservación en Bosques Amazónicos-GAIA, Florencia 180001, Colombia
- Programa de Maestría en Sistemas Sostenibles de Producción, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de la Amazonia, Florencia 180001, Colombia
| | - José Iván Vanegas
- Programa de Ingeniería Agroecológica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de la Amazonia, Florencia 180001, Colombia; (J.A.A.); (A.T.C.); (J.I.V.)
- Programa de Maestría en Sistemas Sostenibles de Producción, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de la Amazonia, Florencia 180001, Colombia
| | - Stephen E. Beebe
- International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Km 17 Recta Cali-Palmira, Cali 763537, Colombia; (M.O.U.); (S.E.B.); (I.M.R.)
| | - Idupulapati M. Rao
- International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Km 17 Recta Cali-Palmira, Cali 763537, Colombia; (M.O.U.); (S.E.B.); (I.M.R.)
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14
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Lu J, Dong Q, Lan G, He Z, Zhou D, Zhang H, Wang X, Liu X, Jiang C, Zhang Z, Wan S, Zhao X, Yu H. Row ratio increasing improved light distribution, photosynthetic characteristics, and yield of peanut in the maize and peanut strip intercropping system. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1135580. [PMID: 37521911 PMCID: PMC10377676 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1135580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Changes in the canopy microclimate in intercropping systems, particularly in the light environment, have important effects on the physiological characteristics of photosynthesis and yield of crops. Although different row ratio configurations and strip widths of dwarf crops in intercropping systems have important effects on canopy microclimate, little information is available on the effects of intercropping on chlorophyll synthesis and photosynthetic physiological properties of dwarf crops. A 2-year field experiment was conducted in 2019 and 2020, with five treatments: sole maize (SM), sole peanut (SP), four rows of maize intercropping with eight rows of peanut (M4P8), four rows of maize intercropping with four rows of peanut (M4P4), and four rows of maize intercropping with two rows of peanut (M4P2). The results showed that the light transmittance [photosynthetically active radiation (PAR)], photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), and stomatal conductance (Gs) of intercropped peanut canopy were reduced, while the intercellular carbon dioxide concentration (Ci) was increased, compared with SP. In particular, the M4P8 pattern Pn (2-year mean) was reduced by 5.68%, 5.33%, and 5.30%; Tr was reduced by 7.41%, 5.45%, and 5.95%; and Gs was reduced by 8.20%, 6.88%, and 6.46%; and Ci increased by 11.95%, 8.06%, and 9.61% compared to SP, at the flowering needle stage, pod stage, and maturity, respectively. M4P8 improves the content of chlorophyll synthesis precursor and conversion efficiency, which promotes the utilization efficiency of light energy. However, it was significantly reduced in M4P2 and M4P4 treatment. The dry matter accumulation and pod yield of peanut in M4P8 treatment decreased, but the proportion of dry matter distribution in the late growth period was more transferred to pods. The full pod number decreases as the peanut row ratio decreases and increases with year, but there is no significant difference between years. M4P8 has the highest yield and land use efficiency and can be used as a reference row ratio configuration for maize-peanut intercropping to obtain relatively high yield benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juntian Lu
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Maize Research Institute, Dandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dandong, Liaoning, China
| | - Qiqi Dong
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Guohu Lan
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Zecheng He
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Dongying Zhou
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - He Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaoguang Wang
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xibo Liu
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Chunji Jiang
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shubo Wan
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xinhua Zhao
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Haiqiu Yu
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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15
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Dang K, Gong X, Liang H, Guo S, Zhang S, Feng B. Phosphorous fertilization alleviates shading stress by regulating leaf photosynthesis and the antioxidant system in mung bean (Vigna radiata L.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 196:1111-1121. [PMID: 36931210 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Shading can limit photosynthesis and plant growth. Understanding how phosphorus (P) application mitigates the effects of shading stress on morphology and physiology of mung beans (Vigna radiata L.) is of great significance for the establishment of efficient planting structures and optimizing P-use management. The effects of various light environments (non-shading stress, S0; low light stress, S1; severe shading stress, S2) on the growth of two mung bean cultivars (Xilv1 and Yulv1) and the role of P application (0 kg ha-1, P0; 90 kg ha-1, P1; 150 kg ha-1, P2) in such responses were investigated in a field experiment. Our results demonstrated that shading decreased the dry matter accumulation of mung bean markedly by limiting photosynthesis capacity and disrupting agronomic traits. For the leaf areas of the two cultivars, chlorophyll a+b, the net photosynthetic and electron transport rates were increased by 16.8%, 20.0%, 15.5%, and 12.5% under P1 treatment, and by 32.4%, 40.3%, 16.3% and 12.8% under P2 treatment, respectively, when compared to those for the non-fertilized plants under shading stress. These responses resulted in increased light capture and weak light utilization. Moreover, the activities of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase were enhanced by 20.9% and 43.7%, respectively; malondialdehyde and superoxide anion contents were reduced by 18.6% and 14.1%, respectively, under P application. These findings suggest that P application moderately mitigates the damage caused by shading stress and enhances tolerance by regulating mung bean growth. In addition, Xilv1 was more sensitive to P under shading stress than Yulv1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Dang
- The Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Education, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Xiangwei Gong
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Haofeng Liang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Shuqing Guo
- College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas/Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Suiqi Zhang
- The Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Education, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China.
| | - Baili Feng
- College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas/Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China.
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Ghani MI, Ali A, Atif MJ, Ali M, Ahanger MA, Chen X, Cheng Z. Different leafy vegetable cropping systems regulate growth, photosynthesis, and PSII functioning in mono-cropped eggplant by altering chemical properties and upregulating the antioxidant system. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1132861. [PMID: 37143885 PMCID: PMC10151761 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1132861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Continuous cropping of eggplant threatened regional ecological sustainability by facilitating replanting problems under mono-cropping conditions. Therefore, alternative agronomic and management practices are required to improve crop productivity at low environmental cost for the development of sustainable agricultural systems in different regions. This study examined changes in soil chemical properties, eggplant photosynthesis, and antioxidant functioning in five different vegetable cropping systems over a 2-year period., 2017 and 2018. The results showed that welsh onion-eggplant (WOE), celery-eggplant (CE), non-heading Chinese cabbage-eggplant (NCCE), and leafy lettuce-eggplant (LLE) rotation systems significantly impacted growth, biomass accumulation, and yield than fallow-eggplant (FE). In addition, various leafy vegetable cropping systems, WOE, CE, NCCE, and LLT induced significant increases in soil organic matter (SOM), available nutrients (N, P, and K), and eggplant growth by affecting the photosynthesis and related gas exchange parameters with much evident effect due to CE and NCCE. Moreover, eggplant raised with different leafy vegetable rotation systems showed higher activity of antioxidant enzymes, resulting in lower accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and hence reduced oxidative damage to membranes. In addition, fresh and dry plant biomass was significantly increased due to crop rotation with leafy vegetables. Therefore, we concluded that leafy vegetable crop rotation is a beneficial management practice to improve the growth and yield of eggplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran Ghani
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Ahmad Ali
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Muhammad Jawaad Atif
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Horticultural Research Institute, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ali
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | | | - Xiaoyulong Chen
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- College of Ecology and Environment, Tibet University, Lhasa, Tibet, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoyulong Chen, ; Zhihui Cheng,
| | - Zhihui Cheng
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoyulong Chen, ; Zhihui Cheng,
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17
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Han F, Guo S, Wei S, Guo R, Cai T, Zhang P, Jia Z, Hussain S, Javed T, Chen X, Ren X, Al-Sadoon MK, Stępień P. Photosynthetic and yield responses of rotating planting strips and reducing nitrogen fertilizer application in maize-peanut intercropping in dry farming areas. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1014631. [PMID: 36466232 PMCID: PMC9708908 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1014631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Improving cropping systems together with suitable agronomic management practices can maintain dry farming productivity and reduce water competition with low N inputs. The objective of the study was to determine the photosynthetic and yield responses of maize and peanut under six treatments: sole maize, sole peanut, maize-peanut intercropping, maize-peanut rotation-intercropping, 20% and 40% N reductions for maize in the maize-peanut rotation-intercropping. Maize-peanut intercropping had no land-use advantage. Intercropped peanut is limited in carboxylation rates and electron transport rate (ETR), leading to a decrease in hundred-grain weight (HGW) and an increase in blighted pods number per plant (NBP). Intercropped peanut adapts to light stress by decreasing light saturation point (Isat) and light compensation point (Icomp) and increasing the electron transport efficiency. Intercropped maize showed an increase in maximum photosynthetic rate (Pnmax) and Icomp due to a combination of improved intercellular CO2 concentration, carboxylation rates, PSII photochemical quantum efficiency, and ETR. Compare to maize-peanut intercropping, maize-peanut rotation-intercropping alleviated the continuous crop barriers of intercropped border row peanut by improving carboxylation rates, electron transport efficiency and decreasing Isat, thereby increasing its HGW and NBP. More importantly, the land equivalent ratio of maize-peanut rotation-intercropping in the second and third planting years were 1.05 and 1.07, respectively, showing obvious land use advantages. A 20% N reduction for maize in maize-peanut rotation-intercropping does not affect photosynthetic character and yield for intercropped crops. However, a 40% N reduction decreased significantly the carboxylation rates, ETR, Icomp and Pnmax of intercropped maize, thereby reducing in a 14.83% HGW and 5.75% lower grain number per spike, and making land-use efficiency negative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Han
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physic–ecology and Tillage Science in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- State Key Lab of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuqing Guo
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Song Wei
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physic–ecology and Tillage Science in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ru Guo
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physic–ecology and Tillage Science in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tie Cai
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physic–ecology and Tillage Science in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- State Key Lab of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physic–ecology and Tillage Science in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- State Key Lab of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhikuan Jia
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physic–ecology and Tillage Science in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- State Key Lab of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Sadam Hussain
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physic–ecology and Tillage Science in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- State Key Lab of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Talha Javed
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - XiaoLi Chen
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physic–ecology and Tillage Science in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- State Key Lab of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaolong Ren
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physic–ecology and Tillage Science in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- State Key Lab of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | | | - Piotr Stępień
- Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Institute of Soil Science, Plant Nutrition and Environmental Protection, Wroclaw, Poland
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18
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Paclobutrazol Ameliorates Low-Light-Induced Damage by Improving Photosynthesis, Antioxidant Defense System, and Regulating Hormone Levels in Tall Fescue. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179966. [PMID: 36077362 PMCID: PMC9456200 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Paclobutrazol (PBZ) is a plant-growth regulator (PGR) in the triazole family that enhances plant tolerance to environmental stresses. Low-light (LL) intensity is a critical factor adversely affecting the growth of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.). Therefore, in this study, tall fescue seedlings were treated with PBZ under control and LL conditions to investigate the effects of PBZ on enhancing LL stress resistance by regulating the growth, photosynthesis, oxidative defense, and hormone levels. Our results reveal that LL stress reduced the total biomass, chlorophyll (Chl) content, photosynthetic capacity, and photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) but increased the membrane lipid peroxidation level and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. However, the application of PBZ increased the photosynthetic pigment contents, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), maximum quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm), ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBisCO) activity, and starch content. In addition, PBZ treatment activated the antioxidant enzyme activities, antioxidants contents, ascorbate acid-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle, and related gene expression, lessening the ROS burst (H2O2 and O2∙−). However, the gibberellic acid (GA) anabolism was remarkably decreased by PBZ treatment under LL stress, downregulating the transcript levels of kaurene oxidase (KO), kaurenoic acid oxidase (KAO), and GA 20-oxidases (GA20ox). At the same time, PBZ treatment up-regulated 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED) gene expression, significantly increasing the endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) concentration under LL stress. Thus, our study revealed that PBZ improves the antioxidation and photosynthetic capacity, meanwhile increasing the ABA concentration and decreasing GA concentration, which ultimately enhances the LL stress tolerance in tall fescue.
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19
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Pinnamaneni SR, Anapalli SS, Reddy KN. Photosynthetic Response of Soybean and Cotton to Different Irrigation Regimes and Planting Geometries. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:894706. [PMID: 36003824 PMCID: PMC9393717 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.894706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) are the major row crops in the USA, and growers are tending toward the twin-row system and irrigation to increase productivity. In a 2-year study (2018 and 2019), we examined the gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters to better understand the regulatory and adaptive mechanisms of the photosynthetic components of cotton and soybean grown under varying levels of irrigations and planting geometries in a split-plot experiment. The main plots were three irrigation regimes: (i) all furrows irrigation (AFI), (ii) alternate or skipped furrow irrigation (SFI), and iii) no irrigation or rainfed (RF), and the subplots were two planting patterns, single-row (SR) and twin-row (TR). The light response curves at vegetative and reproductive phases revealed lower photosynthesis rates in the RF crops than in AFI and SFI. A higher decrease was noticed in RF soybean for light compensation point (LCP) and light saturation point (LSP) than that of RF cotton. The decrease in the maximum assimilation rate (Amax) was higher in soybean than cotton. A decrease of 12 and 17% in Amax was observed in RF soybean while the decrease is limited to 9 and 6% in RF cotton during the 2018 and 2019 seasons, respectively. Both stomatal conductance (gs) and transpiration (E) declined under RF. The moisture deficit stress resulted in enhanced operating quantum efficiency of PSII photochemistry (ΦPSII), which is probably due to increased photorespiration. The non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), a measure of thermal dissipation of absorbed light energy, and quantum efficiency of dissipation by down-regulation (ΦNPQ) increased significantly in both crops up to 50% under RF conditions. The photochemical quenching declined by 28% in soybean and 26% in cotton. It appears soybean preferentially uses non-photochemical energy dissipation while cotton uses elevated electron transport rate (ETR) under RF conditions for light energy utilization. No significant differences among SR and TR systems were observed for LCP, LSP, AQE, Amax, gs, E, ETR, and various chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. This study reveals preferential use of non-photochemical energy dissipation in soybean while cotton uses both photochemical and non-photochemical energy dissipation to protect PSI and PSII centers and ETR, although they fall under C3 species when exposed to moisture limited environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasa R. Pinnamaneni
- Crop Production Systems Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Stoneville, MS, United States
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | | | - Krishna N. Reddy
- Crop Production Systems Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Stoneville, MS, United States
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Raza A, Yin C, Asghar MA, Ihtisham M, Shafiq I, Cheng B, Ghafoor A, Javed HH, Iqbal T, Khan N, Liu W, Yang W. Foliar Application of NH 4 +/NO 3 - Ratios Enhance the Lodging Resistance of Soybean Stem by Regulating the Physiological and Biochemical Mechanisms Under Shade Conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:906537. [PMID: 35937330 PMCID: PMC9353630 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.906537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Shading is one of the most chronic restrains which can lead to the lodging of intercropped plants. In order to increase the soybean stem lodging resistance, a 2-year field trial was conducted to evaluate the impact of different ratios and concentrations of NH4 +/NO3 - on the morpho-physiological and biochemical characteristics of soybean stem under shade conditions. The total 5 ratios of NH4 +/NO3 - were applied as follows: T0 = 0/0 (control), T1 = 0/100 (higher ratio), T2 = 25/75 (optimum), T3 = 50/50 (optimum), and T4 = 75/25 (higher ratio) as a nitrogen source. Our findings displayed that the T2 (25/75) and T3 (50/50) treatments alleviated the shading stress by improving the photosynthetic activity, biomass accumulation, carbohydrates contents, and lignin related enzymes (POD, CAD, and 4Cl) which led to improvement in stem lodging resistance. The correlation analysis (p ≤ 0.05, p ≤ 0.01) revealed the strong relationship between lodging resistance index and stem diameter, stem strength, lignin content, photosynthesis, and lignin related enzymes (POD, CAD, and 4CL) evidencing the strong contribution of lignin and its related enzymes in the improvement of lodging resistance of soybean stem under shade conditions. Collectively, we concluded that optimum NH4 +/NO3 - ratios (T2 and T3) can boost up the lodging resistance of soybean stem under shade stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Raza
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization and Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunying Yin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization and Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Muhammad Ahsan Asghar
- Department of Biological Resources, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, ELKH, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Muhammad Ihtisham
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Iram Shafiq
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Cheng
- Chengdu Da Mei Seeds Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China
| | - Abuzar Ghafoor
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Tauseef Iqbal
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Nawab Khan
- College of Management, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weiguo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenyu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, China
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21
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Cheng B, Wang L, Liu R, Wang W, Yu R, Zhou T, Ahmad I, Raza A, Jiang S, Xu M, Liu C, Yu L, Wang W, Jing S, Liu W, Yang W. Shade-Tolerant Soybean Reduces Yield Loss by Regulating Its Canopy Structure and Stem Characteristics in the Maize-Soybean Strip Intercropping System. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:848893. [PMID: 35371167 PMCID: PMC8967133 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.848893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The shading of maize is an important factor, which leads to lodging and yield loss of soybean in the maize-soybean strip intercropping system, especially in areas with low solar radiation. This study was designed to explore how shade-tolerant soybean reduces yield loss by regulating its canopy structure and stem characteristics in the maize-soybean strip intercropping system. The soybean cultivars Tianlong No.1 (TL-1, representative of shade-tolerant plants) and Chuandou-16 (CD-16, representative of shade-intolerant plants) were grown in monocropping and intercropping systems from 2020 to 2021 in Chongzhou, Sichuan, China. Regardless of shade-intolerant or shade-tolerant soybean, the canopy and stem of soybean in strip intercropping were weaker than those of the corresponding monoculture. But compared with shade-intolerant soybean, the shade-tolerant soybean slightly changed its spatial structure of canopy and stem morphology and physiology in maize-soybean strip intercropping system, especially in the later growth stages. On the one hand, the canopy of shade-tolerant soybean showed relatively high transmission coefficient (TC) and relatively low leaf area index (LAI) and mean leaf angle (MLA). On the other hand, the stem of shade-tolerant soybean was obviously stronger than that of shade-intolerant soybean in terms of external morphology, internal structure, and physiological characteristics. Additionally, compared with shade-intolerant soybean, shade-tolerant soybean showed higher APnWP (the average net photosynthetic rate of the whole plant) and seed yield in the strip intercropping. The results showed that shade-tolerant soybean increased light energy capture and photosynthesis in the different canopy levels to promote the morphological and physiological development of the stem and ultimately reduce the yield loss of the strip intercropping system. However, the molecular mechanism of low radiation regulating soybean canopy structure (LAI, TC, and MLA) needs further in-depth research to provide theoretical guidance for cultivating plants with ideal canopy shape that can adapt to changing light environment in intercropping system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Cheng
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, China
- Chengdu Da Mei Seeds Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Ranjin Liu
- Chengdu Da Mei Seeds Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China
- Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Weibing Wang
- Quxian Agricultural and Rural Bureau, Dazhou, China
| | - Renwei Yu
- Quxian Agricultural and Rural Bureau, Dazhou, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Irshan Ahmad
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Ali Raza
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization, Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Shengjun Jiang
- Chuanshanqu Agricultural and Rural Bureau, Suining, China
| | - Mei Xu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Liang Yu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenyan Wang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuzhong Jing
- Chengdu Da Mei Seeds Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China
- Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Weiguo Liu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenyu Yang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
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22
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Liu C, Feng B, Zhou Y, Liu C, Gong X. Exogenous brassinosteroids increases tolerance to shading by altering stress responses in mung bean (Vigna radiata L.). PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2022; 151:279-294. [PMID: 34846599 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-021-00887-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plant steroidal hormones, brassinosteroids, play a key role in various developmental processes of plants and the adaptation to various environmental stresses. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effect of exogenous 24-epibrassinolide (EBR) application on the morphology, photosynthetic characteristics, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, photosynthetic enzymes activities, and endogenous hormone content of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) leaves under shading stress environment. Two mung bean cultivars, Xilv 1 and Yulv 1, were tested. The results showed that all of the investigated data were significantly affected by shading stress; however, foliar application of EBR increased the net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and decreased intercellular CO2 concentration of mung bean leaves under shading condition. Increased photosynthetic capacity in EBR-treated leaves was accompanied by improvement in higher photosynthetic enzymes activities. EBR-treated leaves exhibited more quantum yield of PSII electron transport and efficiency of energy capture than the control, which was mainly due to clearer leaf anatomical structure such as palisade tissues and spongy tissues, further resulting in altered plant morphological characteristics. Moreover, the treatment with EBL regulated the endogenous hormone content, including the decreased gibberellins and increased brassinolide, although to different levels. Combined with the morphological and physiological responses, we concluded that exogenous EBR treatment is beneficial to enhancing plant tolerance to shading stress and mitigating injure from weak light. The modifications of the physiological metabolism through EBR application may be a potential strategy to weaken shading stress in the future sustainable agricultural production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunjuan Liu
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Baili Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas/College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufei Zhou
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Liu
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangwei Gong
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas/College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
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Luo K, Yuan X, Xie C, Liu S, Chen P, Du Q, Zheng B, Wu Y, Wang X, Yong T, Yang W. Diethyl Aminoethyl Hexanoate Increase Relay Strip Intercropping Soybean Grain by Optimizing Photosynthesis Aera and Delaying Leaf Senescence. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:818327. [PMID: 35069671 PMCID: PMC8767051 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.818327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Insufficient and unbalanced biomass supply inhibited soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] yield formation in the maize-soybean relay strip intercropping (IS) and monoculture soybean (SS). A field experiment was conducted to explore the soybean yield increase mechanism of DA-6 in IS and SS treatments. In this 2-year experiment, compact maize "Denghai 605" and shade-tolerant soybean "Nandou 25" were selected as cultivated materials. DA-6 with four concentrations, i.e., 0 mg/L (CK), 40 mg/L (D40), 60 mg/L (D60), and 80 mg/L (D80), were sprayed on soybean leaves at the beginning of flowering stage of soybean. Results showed that DA-6 treatments significantly (p < 0.05) increased soybean grain yield, and the yield increase ratio was higher in IS than SS. The leaf area index values and net photosynthesis rate of IS peaked at D60 and were increased by 32.2-49.3% and 24.1-27.2% compared with the corresponding CK. Similarly, DA-6 treatments increased the aboveground dry matter and the amount of soybean dry matter accumulation from the R1 stage to the R8 stage (VDMT) and highest at D60 both in IS and SS. D60 increased the VDMT by 29.0-47.1% in IS and 20.7-29.2% in SS. The TR G at D60 ranged 72.4-77.6% in IS and 61.4-62.5% in SS. The MDA content at D60 treatment was decreased by 38.3% in IS and 25.8% in SS. The active grain-filling day in IS was about 7 days longer than in SS. In D60 treatment, the Vmean and Vmax increased by 6.5% and 6.5% in IS and 5.7% and 4.3% in SS compared with the corresponding CK. Although the pod number and hundred-grain weight were significantly (p < 0.05) increased by DA-6 treatments, the grains per pod were maintained stable. The pod number and hundred-grain weight were increased by 30.1-36.8% and 4.5-6.7% in IS and 6.3-13% and 3.6-5.6% in SS. Thus, the grain yield at D60 was increased by 36.7-38.4% in IS and 21.7-26.6% in SS. DA-6 treatments significantly (p < 0.05) increased soybean grain yield and peaked D60 treatments both in IS and SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Luo
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System / Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoting Yuan
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System / Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Chen Xie
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System / Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System / Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Chen
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System / Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing Du
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System / Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Benchuan Zheng
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System / Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Yushan Wu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System / Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaochun Wang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System / Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Taiwen Yong
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System / Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenyu Yang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System / Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
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Gong X, Liu C, Dang K, Wang H, Du W, Qi H, Jiang Y, Feng B. Mung Bean ( Vigna radiata L.) Source Leaf Adaptation to Shading Stress Affects Not Only Photosynthetic Physiology Metabolism but Also Control of Key Gene Expression. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:753264. [PMID: 35185974 PMCID: PMC8854224 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.753264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Shading stress strongly limits the effective growth of plants. Understanding how plant morphogenesis and physiological adaptation are generated in response to the reduced low light conditions is important for food crop development. In this study, two mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) cultivars, namely, Xilv 1 and Yulv 1, were grown in the field to explore the effects of shading stress on their growth. The results of morphology, physiology, and biochemistry analyses showed that the shading stress significantly weakened the leaf photosynthetic capacity as measured by the decreased net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate and increased intercellular CO2 concentration. These responses resulted in plant morphological characteristics that increased the light energy absorption in low light conditions. Such variations occurred due to the leaf anatomical structure with destroyed palisade tissues and spongy tissues. Under shading stress, Yulv 1 showed higher physiological metabolic intensity than Xilv 1, which was related to changes in chlorophyll (Chl), such as Chl a and b, and Chl a/b ratio. Compared with normal light conditions, the Chl fluorescence values, photosynthetic assimilation substances, and enzyme activities in mung bean plants under shading stress were reduced to different extent. In addition, the relative expression levels of VrGA2ox, VrGA20ox1, VrGA3ox1, VrROT3, and VrBZR1, which are related to endogenous hormone in mung bean leaves, were upregulated by shading stress, further leading to the improvements in the concentrations of auxin, gibberellins (GAs), and brassinolide (BR). Combined with the morphological, physiological, and molecular responses, Yulv 1 has stronger tolerance and ecological adaptability to shading stress than Xilv 1. Therefore, our study provides insights into the agronomic traits and gene expressions of mung bean cultivars to enhance their adaptability to the shading stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangwei Gong
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Chunjuan Liu
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ke Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Honglu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Wanli Du
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hua Qi
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Ying Jiang,
| | - Baili Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Baili Feng,
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25
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Shameer S, Wang Y, Bota P, Ratcliffe RG, Long SP, Sweetlove LJ. A hybrid kinetic and constraint-based model of leaf metabolism allows predictions of metabolic fluxes in different environments. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 109:295-313. [PMID: 34699645 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
While flux balance analysis (FBA) provides a framework for predicting steady-state leaf metabolic network fluxes, it does not readily capture the response to environmental variables without being coupled to other modelling formulations. To address this, we coupled an FBA model of 903 reactions of soybean (Glycine max) leaf metabolism with e-photosynthesis, a dynamic model that captures the kinetics of 126 reactions of photosynthesis and associated chloroplast carbon metabolism. Successful coupling was achieved in an iterative formulation in which fluxes from e-photosynthesis were used to constrain the FBA model and then, in turn, fluxes computed from the FBA model used to update parameters in e-photosynthesis. This process was repeated until common fluxes in the two models converged. Coupling did not hamper the ability of the kinetic module to accurately predict the carbon assimilation rate, photosystem II electron flux, and starch accumulation of field-grown soybean at two CO2 concentrations. The coupled model also allowed accurate predictions of additional parameters such as nocturnal respiration, as well as analysis of the effect of light intensity and elevated CO2 on leaf metabolism. Predictions included an unexpected decrease in the rate of export of sucrose from the leaf at high light, due to altered starch-sucrose partitioning, and altered daytime flux modes in the tricarboxylic acid cycle at elevated CO2 . Mitochondrial fluxes were notably different between growing and mature leaves, with greater anaplerotic, tricarboxylic acid cycle and mitochondrial ATP synthase fluxes predicted in the former, primarily to provide carbon skeletons and energy for protein synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanu Shameer
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Yu Wang
- Carl R Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Pedro Bota
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK
| | - R George Ratcliffe
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Stephen P Long
- Carl R Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Lee J Sweetlove
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK
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Challabathula D, Analin B, Mohanan A, Bakka K. Differential modulation of photosynthesis, ROS and antioxidant enzyme activities in stress-sensitive and -tolerant rice cultivars during salinity and drought upon restriction of COX and AOX pathways of mitochondrial oxidative electron transport. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 268:153583. [PMID: 34871988 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Drought and salt stresses are two major abiotic stress factors that hamper crop growth and productivity. Three rice cultivars with different sensitivity and tolerance towards abiotic stress were used in the current study. While cultivar Aiswarya is salt- and drought-sensitive, cultivar Vyttila is salt-tolerant and cultivar Vaisakh is drought-tolerant. We compared the physiological and biochemical responses of these rice cultivars under salt and drought stress conditions after restricting their cytochrome oxidase (COX) and alternative oxidase (AOX) pathways using antimycin A and salicylhydroxamic acid treatment. Further, changes in their expression of AOX genes and corresponding protein levels were compared and analysed. The sensitive and tolerant rice cultivars subjected to drought and salt stress showed differential responses in physiological and biochemical traits. Whereas Aiswarya showed clear phenotypic differences, such as stunted growth, leaf curling, and loss of greening in leaf tissues, with increase in salt content and progressive drought stress, Vyttila and Vaisakh showed no remarkable changes. Moreover, the drought-tolerant cultivar rehydrated after 10 days of drought exposure, whereas the sensitive variety did not show any rehydration of leaf tissue. The leaves of the tolerant cultivars showed lower reactive oxygen species (ROS) production than that of the sensitive plants under drought and salt stress conditions because of the activation of a stronger antioxidant defence. Although, the restriction of COX and AOX pathways increased the susceptibility of sensitive cultivars, it affected the tolerant varieties moderately. Higher photosynthetic rates, an efficient antioxidant system comprising higher superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, and catalase activity along with higher AOX1a gene expression levels during drought and salt stress were observed in tolerant cultivars. The results suggest that an efficient antioxidant system and increased transcription of the AOX1a gene along with higher AOX protein levels are important for tolerant rice cultivars to maintain higher photosynthesis rates, lower ROS, and stress tolerance. Restriction of COX and AOX pathways impact the photosynthesis, ROS, and antioxidant enzymes in both sensitive and tolerant cultivars. The restriction of COX and AOX pathways have a stronger impact on gas exchange and fluorescence parameters of the sensitive cultivar than on that of the tolerant cultivars owing to the higher photosynthetic rates in tolerant cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinakar Challabathula
- Plant Molecular Stress Physiology Research Group, Department of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, 610 005, India.
| | - Benedict Analin
- Plant Molecular Stress Physiology Research Group, Department of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, 610 005, India
| | - Akhil Mohanan
- Plant Molecular Stress Physiology Research Group, Department of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, 610 005, India
| | - Kavya Bakka
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, 610 005, India
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Suárez JC, Contreras AT, Anzola JA, Vanegas JI, Rao IM. Physiological Characteristics of Cultivated Tepary Bean (Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray) and Its Wild Relatives Grown at High Temperature and Acid Soil Stress Conditions in the Amazon Region of Colombia. PLANTS 2021; 11:plants11010116. [PMID: 35009119 PMCID: PMC8747739 DOI: 10.3390/plants11010116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is sensitive to different types of abiotic stresses (drought, high temperature, low soil fertility, and acid soil), and this may limit its adaptation and consequently to its yield under stress. Because of this, a sister species, tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray), has recently gained attention in breeding for improved abiotic stress tolerance in common bean. In this study, we evaluated the adaptation of 302 accessions of tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray) and its wild relatives (grouped in four types of tepary bean genetic resource: cultivated, acutifolius regressive, acutifolius wild, tenuifolius wild) when grown under high temperature and acid soil conditions with aluminum toxicity in the Amazon region of Colombia. Our objective was to determine differences among four types of tepary bean genetic resource in their morpho-phenological, agronomic, and physiological responses to combined high temperature and acid soil stress conditions. We found that cultivated P. acutifolius var acutifolius presented a greater number of pods per plant, as well as larger seeds and a greater number of seeds per pod. Some traits, such as root biomass, days to flowering and physiological maturity, specific leaf area, and stomatal density, showed significant differences between types of tepary bean genetic resource, probably contributing to difference in adaptation to combined stress conditions of high temperature and acid soil conditions. The photochemical quenching (qP) was higher in cultivated P. acutifolius var. acutifolius, while energy dissipation by non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) in the form of heat and the coefficient of non-photochemical dissipation (qN) were higher in acutifolius regressive and tenuifolius wild accessions. We have identified 6 accessions of cultivated and 19 accessions of tenuifolius wild that exhibited grain yields above 1800 kg ha−1. These accessions could be suitable to use as parents to improve dry seed production of tepary bean under combined stress conditions of high temperature and acid soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Suárez
- Programa de Ingeniería Agroecológica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de la Amazonia, Florencia 180001, Colombia; (A.T.C.); (J.A.A.); (J.I.V.)
- Programa de Maestría en Sistemas Sostenibles de Producción, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de la Amazonia, Florencia 180001, Colombia
- Grupo de Investigaciones Agroecosistemas y Conservación en Bosques Amazónicos-GAIA, Centro de Investigaciones Amazónicas CIMAZ Macagual César Augusto Estrada González, Florencia 180001, Colombia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +57-320-280-4455
| | - Amara Tatiana Contreras
- Programa de Ingeniería Agroecológica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de la Amazonia, Florencia 180001, Colombia; (A.T.C.); (J.A.A.); (J.I.V.)
- Programa de Maestría en Sistemas Sostenibles de Producción, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de la Amazonia, Florencia 180001, Colombia
| | - José Alexander Anzola
- Programa de Ingeniería Agroecológica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de la Amazonia, Florencia 180001, Colombia; (A.T.C.); (J.A.A.); (J.I.V.)
| | - José Iván Vanegas
- Programa de Ingeniería Agroecológica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de la Amazonia, Florencia 180001, Colombia; (A.T.C.); (J.A.A.); (J.I.V.)
| | - Idupulapati M. Rao
- International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Km 17 Recta Cali-Palmira, Cali 763537, Colombia;
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28
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Orekhova A, Barták M, Casanova-Katny A, Hájek J. Resistance of Antarctic moss Sanionia uncinata to photoinhibition: chlorophyll fluorescence analysis of samples from the western and eastern coasts of the Antarctic Peninsula. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2021; 23:653-663. [PMID: 33866664 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Interspecific differences in sensitivity of the Antarctic moss Sanionia uncinata from King George Island (KGI) and James Ross Island (JRI) to photoinhibitory treatment were studied in laboratory conditions using chlorophyll fluorescence techniques. Slow (Kautsky) and fast (OJIP) kinetics were used for the measurements. Samples were exposed to a short-term (60 min) photoinhibitory treatment (PIT, 2000 μmol·m-2 ·s-1 PAR). The photoinhibitory treatment (PIT) led to photoinhibition which was indicated by the decrease in FV /FM and ΦPSII in KGI but not in JRI samples. However, this decrease was small and full recovery was reached 90 min after PIT termination. Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) was activated during the PIT, and rapidly relaxed during recovery. Early stages of photoinhibition showed a drop in FV /FM and ΦPSII to minimum values within the first 10 s of the PIT, with their subsequent increase apparent within fast (0-5 min PIT) and slow (5-50 min PIT) phases of adjustment. The PIT caused a decrease in the performance index (Pi_Abs), photosynthetic electron transport per reaction centre (RC) (ET0 /RC). The PIT induced an increase in thermal dissipation per RC (DI0 /RC), effectivity of thermal dissipation (Phi_D0 ), absorption per RC (ABS/RC) and trapping rate per RC (TR0 /RC). In conclusion, PIT led to only slight photoinhibition followed by fast recovery in S. uncinata from KGI and JRI, since FV /FM and ΦPSII returned to pre-photoinhibitory conditions. Therefore, S. uncinata might be considered resistant to photoinhibition even in the wet state. The KGI samples showed higher resistance to photoinhibition than the JRI samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Orekhova
- Department of Experimental Biology, Division of Plant Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - M Barták
- Department of Experimental Biology, Division of Plant Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - A Casanova-Katny
- Laboratory of Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty of Natural Resources, Catholic University Temuco, Campus Luis Rivas del Canto, Temuco, Chile
| | - J Hájek
- Department of Experimental Biology, Division of Plant Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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29
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Almeida GM, Costa AC, Batista PF, Junqueira VB, Rodrigues AA, Santos ECD, Vieira DA, de Oliveira MM, Silva AA. Can light intensity modulate the physiological, anatomical, and reproductive responses of soybean plants to water deficit? PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 172:1301-1320. [PMID: 33554371 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the role of light intensity in modulating plant responses to stress due to water deficit (WD). Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the WD and contrasting irradiance effects on the physiology, anatomy, and grain yield of soybean plants. The experimental design was a randomized block in a growth chamber and a 2 × 2 factorial treatment arrangement: 90% (well-watered, WW) and 40% (WD) of soil field capacities (FC); and 750 (medium irradiance, MI) and 1500 (higher irradiance, HI) μmol (photons) m-2 s-1 irradiance. The WD caused a lower photosynthetic rate - as well as observed in the light curve and in the relative parameters, such as apparent quantum efficiency -, less investment in shoot biomass and pollen grain germination, resulting in lower grain yield. However, there was an increase in non-photochemical energy dissipation, a higher concentration of total soluble sugars, proline, and malondialdehyde. The WD + MI-soybean plants developed thicker spongy parenchyma (related to higher mesophilic conductance of CO2 ). In the WW + HI condition the palisade parenchyma was thicker, conferring maintenance of photosynthetic efficiency. In addition, there was an increase in the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, and ascorbate peroxidase antioxidant enzymes in leaves due to HI, regardless of FC. This induced higher energy expenditure, reflected in the reduction of the number of leaf and branches, leaf area, dry mass of leaves and stem in the WW + HI. Interestingly, these strategies of osmotic adjustment, photoprotection, and antioxidant defenses act together in the WD + HI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Martins Almeida
- Laboratório de Ecofisiologia e Produtividade Vegetal, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano - Campus Rio Verde, Rio Verde, Brazil
| | - Alan Carlos Costa
- Laboratório de Ecofisiologia e Produtividade Vegetal, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano - Campus Rio Verde, Rio Verde, Brazil
| | - Priscila Ferreira Batista
- Laboratório de Ecofisiologia e Produtividade Vegetal, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano - Campus Rio Verde, Rio Verde, Brazil
| | - Verônica Barbosa Junqueira
- Laboratório de Ecofisiologia e Produtividade Vegetal, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano - Campus Rio Verde, Rio Verde, Brazil
| | - Arthur Almeida Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Sementes, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano - Campus Rio Verde, Rio Verde, Brazil
| | - Emily Carolina Duarte Santos
- Laboratório de Ecofisiologia e Produtividade Vegetal, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano - Campus Rio Verde, Rio Verde, Brazil
| | - Dheynne Alves Vieira
- Laboratório de Ecofisiologia e Produtividade Vegetal, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano - Campus Rio Verde, Rio Verde, Brazil
| | - Mariela Melo de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Ecofisiologia e Produtividade Vegetal, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano - Campus Rio Verde, Rio Verde, Brazil
| | - Adinan Alves Silva
- Laboratório de Ecofisiologia e Produtividade Vegetal, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano - Campus Rio Verde, Rio Verde, Brazil
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Zhang J, Shuang S, Zhang L, Xie S, Chen J. Photosynthetic and Photoprotective Responses to Steady-State and Fluctuating Light in the Shade-Demanding Crop Amorphophallus xiei Grown in Intercropping and Monoculture Systems. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:663473. [PMID: 34093621 PMCID: PMC8175988 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.663473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic and photoprotective responses to simulated sunflecks were examined in the shade-demanding crop Amorphophallus xiei intercropped with maize (intercropping condition) or grown in an adjacent open site (monoculture condition). Both intercropping leaves and monoculture leaves exhibited very fast induction responses. The times taken to achieve 90% maximum net photosynthetic rate in intercropping leaves and monoculture leaves were 198.3 ± 27.4 s and 223.7 ± 20.5 s during the photosynthetic induction, respectively. During an 8-min simulated sunfleck, the proportion of excess excited energy dissipated through the xanthophyll cycle-dependent pathway (Φ NPQ) and dissipated through constitutive thermal dissipation and the fluorescence (Φ f, d) pathway increased quickly to its maximum, and then plateaued slowly to a steady state in both intercropping and monoculture leaves. When the illumination was gradually increased within photosystem II (PSII), Φ NPQ increased quicker and to a higher level in monoculture leaves than in intercropping leaves. Relative to their monoculture counterparts, intercropping leaves exhibited a significantly lower accumulation of oxygen free radicals, a significantly higher content of chlorophyll, and a similar content of malondialdehyde. Although monoculture leaves exhibited a larger mass-based pool size of xanthophyll cycle [V (violaxanthin) + A (antheraxanthin) + Z (zeaxanthin)] than intercropping leaves, intercropping leaves had a higher ratio of (Z + A)/(V + Z + A) than monoculture leaves. intercropping leaves had markedly higher glutathione content and ascorbate-peroxidase activity than their monoculture counterparts. Similar activities of catalase, peroxidase, dehydroascorbate reductase, and monodehydroascorbate were found in both systems. Only superoxide dismutase activity and ascorbate content were lower in the intercropping leaves than in their monoculture counterparts. Overall, the xanthophyll cycle-dependent energy dissipation and the enzymatic antioxidant defense system are important for protecting plants from photooxidation in an intercropping system with intense sunflecks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyan Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Shengpu Shuang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Shiqing Xie
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Junwen Chen
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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Raza A, Asghar MA, Hussain S, Bin C, Shafiq I, Ahmad I, Ghafoor A, Karim H, Iqbal T, Yang W, Weiguo L. Optimal NH 4 + /NO 3 - ratios enhance the shade tolerance of soybean seedlings under low light conditions. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2021; 23:464-472. [PMID: 33215799 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In the maize-soybean intercropping system, shade is the major chronic restraint that affects normal growth of soybean. Different spatial patterns of this system affect the microclimate of soybean through shading from maize plants. However, the negative impacts of shading stress can be mitigated by providing optimal ratios of different fertilizers. Therefore, to test this hypothesis, soybean plants were grown under different light conditions (normal light or shade) to evaluate the response to varying NH4 + /NO3 - ratios. Seeds of soybean (Glycine max L. cv. Nan-99-6) were grown in nutrient solution with a total concentration of 5 mM N using different NH4 + /NO3 - ratios (T0 = 0:0, T1 = 0:100, T2 = 25:75, T3 = 50:50 and T4 = 75:25) for 40 days in a greenhouse at PPFD 320.95 μmol m-2 s-1 (low light) or 967.53 μmol m-2 s-1 (normal light). Under low light, growth and photosynthesis of soybean seedlings significantly decreased as compared to normal light conditions. However, the optimal ratios of NH4 + / NO3 - improved growth and photosynthesis of soybean seedlings under both light conditions. Our results indicated that soybean seedlings supplied with optimal NH4 + /NO3 - ratios (25:75 and 50:50) have maximum biomass yield, chlorophyll pigments, leaf gas exchange, photochemical activity and root growth as compared to low and high NH4 + /NO3 - ratios (T1 and T4 ). High ratios of NH4 + /NO3 - (T4 ) resulted in reduced plant growth due to nutrient accumulation in plant tissues; therefore, we suggest that optimal ratios of NH4 + /NO3 - (T2 and T3 ) can enhance the shade tolerance of soybean seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Raza
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - M A Asghar
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhou, 610000, China
| | - S Hussain
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - C Bin
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - I Shafiq
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - I Ahmad
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - A Ghafoor
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - H Karim
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - T Iqbal
- Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-physiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture P.R. China, Wenjiang, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - W Yang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - L Weiguo
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
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Ye ZP, Kang HJ, An T, Duan HL, Wang FB, Yang XL, Zhou SX. Modeling Light Response of Electron Transport Rate and Its Allocation for Ribulose Biphosphate Carboxylation and Oxygenation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:581851. [PMID: 33042194 PMCID: PMC7522219 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.581851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Accurately describing the light response curve of electron transport rate (J-I curve) and allocation of electron flow for ribulose biphosphate (RuBP) carboxylation (J C-I curve) and that for oxygenation (J O-I curve) is fundamental for modeling of light relations of electron flow at the whole-plant and ecosystem scales. The non-rectangular hyperbolic model (hereafter, NH model) has been widely used to characterize light response of net photosynthesis rate (A n; A n-I curve) and J-I curve. However, NH model has been reported to overestimate the maximum A n (A nmax) and the maximum J (J max), largely due to its asymptotic function. Meanwhile, few efforts have been delivered for describing J C-I and J O-I curves. The long-standing challenge on describing A n-I and J-I curves have been resolved by a recently developed A n-I and J-I models (hereafter, Ye model), which adopt a nonasymptotic function. To test whether Ye model can resolve the challenge of NH model in reproducing J-I, J C-I and J O-I curves over light-limited, light-saturated, and photoinhibitory I levels, we compared the performances of Ye model and NH model against measurements on two C3 crops (Triticum aestivum L. and Glycine max L.) grown in field. The results showed that NH model significantly overestimated the A nmax and J max for both species, which can be accurately obtained by Ye model. Furthermore, NH model significantly overestimated the maximum electron flow for carboxylation (J C-max) but not the maximum electron flow for oxygenation (J O-max) for both species, disclosing the reason underlying the long-standing problem of NH model-overestimation of J max and A nmax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Piao Ye
- Maths and Physics College, Jinggangshan University, Ji’an, China
| | - Hua-Jing Kang
- Department of Landscape and Water Conservancy Engineering, Wenzhou Vocational College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ting An
- Maths and Physics College, Jinggangshan University, Ji’an, China
| | - Hong-Lang Duan
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Restoration of Degraded Ecosystems & Watershed Ecohydrology, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang, China
| | - Fu-Biao Wang
- Maths and Physics College, Jinggangshan University, Ji’an, China
| | - Xiao-Long Yang
- Maths and Physics College, Jinggangshan University, Ji’an, China
| | - Shuang-Xi Zhou
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Hawke’s Bay, New Zealand
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Fan Y, Chen J, Wang Z, Tan T, Li S, Li J, Wang B, Zhang J, Cheng Y, Wu X, Yang W, Yang F. Soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) seedlings response to shading: leaf structure, photosynthesis and proteomic analysis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:34. [PMID: 30665369 PMCID: PMC6341755 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1633-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intercropping and close planting are important cultivation methods that increase soybean yield in agricultural production. However, plant shading is a major abiotic stress factor that influences soybean growth and development. Although shade affects leaf morphological parameters and decreases leaf photosynthesis capacity, information on the responses of soybean leaf photosynthesis to shading at proteomic level is still lacking. RESULTS Compared with leaves under normal light (CK) treatment, leaves under shading treatment exhibited decreased palisade and spongy tissue thicknesses but significantly increased cell gap. Although shade increased the number of the chloroplast, the thickness of the grana lamella and the photosynthetic pigments per unit mass, but the size of the chloroplast and starch grains and the rate of net photosynthesis decreased compared with those of under CK treatment. A total of 248 differentially expressed proteins, among which 138 were upregulated, and 110 were downregulated, in soybean leaves under shading and CK treatments were detected via isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification labeling in the three biological repeats. Differentially expressed proteins were classified into 3 large and 20 small groups. Most proteins involved in porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism, photosynthesis-antenna proteins and carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms were upregulated. By contrast, proteins involved in photosynthesis were downregulated. The gene family members corresponding to differentially expressed proteins, including protochlorophyllide reductase (Glyma06g247100), geranylgeranyl hydrogenase (Ggh), LHCB1 (Lhcb1) and ferredoxin (N/A) involved in the porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism, photosynthesis-antenna proteins and photosynthesis pathway were verified with real-time qPCR. The results showed that the expression patterns of the genes were consistent with the expression patterns of the corresponding proteins. CONCLUSIONS This study combined the variation of the soybean leaf structure and differentially expressed proteins of soybean leaves under shading. These results demonstrated that shade condition increased the light capture efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) in soybean leaves but decreased the capacity from PSII transmitted to photosystem II (PSI). This maybe the major reason that the photosynthetic capacity was decreased in shading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanfang Fan
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
| | - Junxu Chen
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhonglin Wang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
| | - Tingting Tan
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shenglan Li
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiafeng Li
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
| | - Beibei Wang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yajiao Cheng
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoling Wu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenyu Yang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Yang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
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