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Liu Z, Qin GH, Wei SW, Yan LF, Ning ZY, Wang H, Cao Z, Hu KD, Yao GF, Zhang H. PuERF008-PuFAD2 module regulates aroma formation via the fatty acid pathway in response to calcium signaling in 'Nanguo' pear. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 214:108913. [PMID: 38986239 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Calcium acts as a secondary messenger in plants and is essential for plant growth and development. However, studies on the pathway of aroma synthesis in 'Nanguo' pear (Pyrus ussriensis Maxim.) are scarce. In this study, a bioinformatics analysis of transcriptomic data from calcium-treated 'Nanguo' pear was performed, which identified two fatty acid desaturases, PuFAD2 and PuFAD3, and eight AP2/ERF transcription factors, all exhibiting the same expression patterns. Transient expression experiments showed overexpression of PuFAD2 and PuFAD3 significantly increased the levels of aromatic substrates linoleic acid, hexanal, linolenic acid, and (E)-2-hexenal, but RNAi (RNA interference) had the opposite expression. Promoter sequences analysis revealed that PuFAD2 and PuFAD3 have ERE (estrogen response element) motifs on their promoters. The strongest activation of PuFAD2 by PuERF008 was verified using a dual-luciferase reporting system. Additionally, yeast one-hybrid and electrophoretic mobility shift assays revealed PuERF008 could active PuFAD2. Transient overexpression and RNAi analyses of PuERF008 showed a strong correlation with the expression of PuFAD2. This study provides insights into the process of aroma biosynthesis in 'Nanguo' pear and offers a theoretical basis for elucidating the role of calcium signaling in aroma synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, PR China.
| | - Gai-Hua Qin
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crop (Co-Construction By Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Horticultural Research, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, PR China.
| | - Shu-Wei Wei
- Shandong Institute of Pomology, Tai'an, 271000, PR China.
| | - Long-Fei Yan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, PR China.
| | - Zhi-Yuan Ning
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, PR China.
| | - Hong Wang
- Institute of Pomology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 210014, Nanjing, PR China.
| | - Zhen Cao
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crop (Co-Construction By Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Horticultural Research, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, PR China.
| | - Kang-Di Hu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, PR China.
| | - Gai-Fang Yao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, PR China.
| | - Hua Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, PR China.
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2
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Clews AC, Ulch BA, Jesionowska M, Hong J, Mullen RT, Xu Y. Variety of Plant Oils: Species-Specific Lipid Biosynthesis. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 65:845-862. [PMID: 37971406 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcad147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Plant oils represent a large group of neutral lipids with important applications in food, feed and oleochemical industries. Most plants accumulate oils in the form of triacylglycerol within seeds and their surrounding tissues, which comprises three fatty acids attached to a glycerol backbone. Different plant species accumulate unique fatty acids in their oils, serving a range of applications in pharmaceuticals and oleochemicals. To enable the production of these distinctive oils, select plant species have adapted specialized oil metabolism pathways, involving differential gene co-expression networks and structurally divergent enzymes/proteins. Here, we summarize some of the recent advances in our understanding of oil biosynthesis in plants. We compare expression patterns of oil metabolism genes from representative species, including Arabidopsis thaliana, Ricinus communis (castor bean), Linum usitatissimum L. (flax) and Elaeis guineensis (oil palm) to showcase the co-expression networks of relevant genes for acyl metabolism. We also review several divergent enzymes/proteins associated with key catalytic steps of unique oil accumulation, including fatty acid desaturases, diacylglycerol acyltransferases and oleosins, highlighting their structural features and preference toward unique lipid substrates. Lastly, we briefly discuss protein interactomes and substrate channeling for oil biosynthesis and the complex regulation of these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa C Clews
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Brandon A Ulch
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Monika Jesionowska
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Jun Hong
- Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Science, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Robert T Mullen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
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3
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Ye Z, Mao D, Wang Y, Deng H, Liu X, Zhang T, Han Z, Zhang X. Comparative Genome-Wide Identification of the Fatty Acid Desaturase Gene Family in Tea and Oil Tea. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1444. [PMID: 38891253 PMCID: PMC11174766 DOI: 10.3390/plants13111444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Camellia oil is valuable as an edible oil and serves as a base material for a range of high-value products. Camellia plants of significant economic importance, such as Camellia sinensis and Camellia oleifera, have been classified into sect. Thea and sect. Oleifera, respectively. Fatty acid desaturases play a crucial role in catalyzing the formation of double bonds at specific positions of fatty acid chains, leading to the production of unsaturated fatty acids and contributing to lipid synthesis. Comparative genomics results have revealed that expanded gene families in oil tea are enriched in functions related to lipid, fatty acid, and seed processes. To explore the function of the FAD gene family, a total of 82 FAD genes were identified in tea and oil tea. Transcriptome data showed the differential expression of the FAD gene family in mature seeds of tea tree and oil tea tree. Furthermore, the structural analysis and clustering of FAD proteins provided insights for the further exploration of the function of the FAD gene family and its role in lipid synthesis. Overall, these findings shed light on the role of the FAD gene family in Camellia plants and their involvement in lipid metabolism, as well as provide a reference for understanding their function in oil synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Ye
- The Laboratory of Forestry Genetics, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; (Z.Y.); (H.D.); (X.L.); (T.Z.)
| | - Dan Mao
- National Forest and Seedling Workstation of Hunan Province, The Forestry Department of Hunan Province, Changsha 410004, China; (D.M.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yujian Wang
- National Forest and Seedling Workstation of Hunan Province, The Forestry Department of Hunan Province, Changsha 410004, China; (D.M.); (Y.W.)
| | - Hongda Deng
- The Laboratory of Forestry Genetics, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; (Z.Y.); (H.D.); (X.L.); (T.Z.)
| | - Xing Liu
- The Laboratory of Forestry Genetics, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; (Z.Y.); (H.D.); (X.L.); (T.Z.)
| | - Tongyue Zhang
- The Laboratory of Forestry Genetics, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; (Z.Y.); (H.D.); (X.L.); (T.Z.)
| | - Zhiqiang Han
- The Laboratory of Forestry Genetics, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; (Z.Y.); (H.D.); (X.L.); (T.Z.)
| | - Xingtan Zhang
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China
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4
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Wang Z, Lei Y, Liao B. Omics-driven advances in the understanding of regulatory landscape of peanut seed development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1393438. [PMID: 38766472 PMCID: PMC11099219 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1393438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea) are an essential oilseed crop known for their unique developmental process, characterized by aerial flowering followed by subterranean fruit development. This crop is polyploid, consisting of A and B subgenomes, which complicates its genetic analysis. The advent and progression of omics technologies-encompassing genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, epigenomics, and metabolomics-have significantly advanced our understanding of peanut biology, particularly in the context of seed development and the regulation of seed-associated traits. Following the completion of the peanut reference genome, research has utilized omics data to elucidate the quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with seed weight, oil content, protein content, fatty acid composition, sucrose content, and seed coat color as well as the regulatory mechanisms governing seed development. This review aims to summarize the advancements in peanut seed development regulation and trait analysis based on reference genome-guided omics studies. It provides an overview of the significant progress made in understanding the molecular basis of peanut seed development, offering insights into the complex genetic and epigenetic mechanisms that influence key agronomic traits. These studies highlight the significance of omics data in profoundly elucidating the regulatory mechanisms of peanut seed development. Furthermore, they lay a foundational basis for future research on trait-related functional genes, highlighting the pivotal role of comprehensive genomic analysis in advancing our understanding of plant biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Wuhan, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Crop Molecular Breeding Technology, National Center of Oil Crop Improvement (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Lei
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Wuhan, China
| | - Boshou Liao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Wuhan, China
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5
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Kim JS, Kidokoro S, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K, Shinozaki K. Regulatory networks in plant responses to drought and cold stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:170-189. [PMID: 38514098 PMCID: PMC11060690 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Drought and cold represent distinct types of abiotic stress, each initiating unique primary signaling pathways in response to dehydration and temperature changes, respectively. However, a convergence at the gene regulatory level is observed where a common set of stress-responsive genes is activated to mitigate the impacts of both stresses. In this review, we explore these intricate regulatory networks, illustrating how plants coordinate distinct stress signals into a collective transcriptional strategy. We delve into the molecular mechanisms of stress perception, stress signaling, and the activation of gene regulatory pathways, with a focus on insights gained from model species. By elucidating both the shared and distinct aspects of plant responses to drought and cold, we provide insight into the adaptive strategies of plants, paving the way for the engineering of stress-resilient crop varieties that can withstand a changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- June-Sik Kim
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045Japan
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, 2-20-1 Chuo, Kurashiki, 710-0046Japan
| | - Satoshi Kidokoro
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8502Japan
| | - Kazuko Yamaguchi-Shinozaki
- Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8502Japan
- Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032Japan
| | - Kazuo Shinozaki
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045Japan
- Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601Japan
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6
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Brindisi LJ, Mattera R, Mudiyala S, Honig J, Simon JE. Genetic linkage mapping and quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) to identify genomic regions associated with cold tolerance and major volatiles. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299825. [PMID: 38593174 PMCID: PMC11003626 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Chilling sensitivity is one of the greatest challenges affecting the marketability and profitability of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) in the US and worldwide. Currently, there are no sweet basils commercially available with significant chilling tolerance and traditional aroma profiles. This study was conducted to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) responsible for chilling tolerance and aroma compounds in a biparental mapping population, including the Rutgers advanced breeding line that served as a chilling tolerant parent, 'CB15', the chilling sensitive parent, 'Rutgers Obsession DMR' and 200 F2 individuals. Chilling tolerance was assessed by percent necrosis using machine learning and aroma profiling was evaluated using gas chromatography (GC) mass spectrometry (MS). Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers were generated from genomic sequences derived from double digestion restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (ddRADseq) and converted to genotype data using a reference genome alignment. A genetic linkage map was constructed and five statistically significant QTLs were identified in response to chilling temperatures with possible interactions between QTLs. The QTL on LG24 (qCH24) demonstrated the largest effect for chilling response and was significant in all three replicates. No QTLs were identified for linalool, as the population did not segregate sufficiently to detect this trait. Two significant QTLs were identified for estragole (also known as methyl chavicol) with only qEST1 on LG1 being significant in the multiple-QTL model (MQM). QEUC26 was identified as a significant QTL for eucalyptol (also known as 1,8-cineole) on LG26. These QTLs may represent key mechanisms for chilling tolerance and aroma in basil, providing critical knowledge for future investigation of these phenotypic traits and molecular breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara J. Brindisi
- New Use Agriculture and Natural Plant Products Program, Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Robert Mattera
- New Use Agriculture and Natural Plant Products Program, Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Sonika Mudiyala
- New Use Agriculture and Natural Plant Products Program, Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Joshua Honig
- New Use Agriculture and Natural Plant Products Program, Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - James E. Simon
- New Use Agriculture and Natural Plant Products Program, Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Jersey, United States of America
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7
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Obregon D, Guerrero O, Sossa D, Stashenko E, Prada F, Ramirez B, Duplais C, Poveda K. Route of exposure to veterinary products in bees: Unraveling pasture's impact on avermectin exposure and tolerance in stingless bees. PNAS NEXUS 2024; 3:pgae068. [PMID: 38444603 PMCID: PMC10914370 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Deforestation rapidly increases in tropical regions, primarily driven by converting natural habitats into pastures for extensive cattle ranching. This landscape transformation, coupled with pesticide use, are key drivers of bee population decline. Here, we investigate the impact of pasture-dominated landscapes on colony performance, pesticide exposure, and insecticide sensitivity of the stingless bee Tetragonisca angustula. We monitored 16 colonies located in landscapes with varying proportions of pasture. We collected bee bread for pesticide and palynological analysis. We found a positive correlation between pollen diversity and colony growth, with no effect of the proportion of pasture in the landscape. In contrast, we detected prevalent and hazardous concentrations of the insecticide abamectin (9.6-1,856 µg/kg) in bee bread, which significantly increased with a higher proportion of pasture. Despite the abamectin exposure, the bee colonies displayed no adverse effects on their growth, indicating a potential tolerance response. Further investigations revealed that bees from sites with higher proportions of pasture showed significantly reduced mortality when exposed to a lethal concentration of abamectin (0.021 µg/µL) after 48 h. Since abamectin is scarcely used in the study area, we designed an experiment to track ivermectin, a closely related antiparasitic drug used in cattle. Our findings uncovered a new exposure route of bees to pesticides, wherein ivermectin excreted by cattle is absorbed and biotransformed into abamectin within flowering plants in the pastures. These results highlight that unexplained exposure routes of bees to pesticides remain to be described while also revealing that bees adapt to changing landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Obregon
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
- New York State Integrated Pest Management Program, Cornell University, Geneva, NY 14456, USA
| | - Olger Guerrero
- Department of Agronomic Engineering, La Salle University, Yopal, Casanare 850008, Colombia
| | - David Sossa
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Elena Stashenko
- CROM-MASS Laboratory, Industrial University of Santander, Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia
| | - Fausto Prada
- CROM-MASS Laboratory, Industrial University of Santander, Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia
| | - Beatriz Ramirez
- Department of Conservation and Environmental Sovereignty, ABC Colombia, Yopal, Casanare 850008, Colombia
| | - Christophe Duplais
- Department of Entomology, Cornell AgriTech, Cornell University, Geneva, NY 14456, USA
| | - Katja Poveda
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
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8
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Gong C, Guo Z, Hu Y, Yang Z, Xia J, Yang X, Xie W, Wang S, Wu Q, Ye W, Zhou X, Turlings TCJ, Zhang Y. A Horizontally Transferred Plant Fatty Acid Desaturase Gene Steers Whitefly Reproduction. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306653. [PMID: 38145364 PMCID: PMC10933598 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are essential nutrients for all living organisms. PUFA synthesis is mediated by Δ12 desaturases in plants and microorganisms, whereas animals usually obtain PUFAs through their diet. The whitefly Bemisia tabaci is an extremely polyphagous agricultural pest that feeds on phloem sap of many plants that do not always provide them with sufficient PUFAs. Here, a plant-derived Δ12 desaturase gene family BtFAD2 is characterized in B. tabaci and it shows that the BtFAD2-9 gene enables the pest to synthesize PUFAs, thereby significantly enhancing its fecundity. The role of BtFAD2-9 in reproduction is further confirmed by transferring the gene to Drosophila melanogaster, which also increases the fruit fly's reproduction. These findings reveal an extraordinary evolutionary scenario whereby a phytophagous insect acquired a family of plant genes that enables it to synthesize essential nutrients, thereby lessening its nutritional dependency and allowing it to feed and reproduce on many host plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable BiobreedingDepartment of Plant ProtectionInstitute of Vegetables and FlowersChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100081China
| | - Zhaojiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable BiobreedingDepartment of Plant ProtectionInstitute of Vegetables and FlowersChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100081China
| | - Yuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable BiobreedingDepartment of Plant ProtectionInstitute of Vegetables and FlowersChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100081China
| | - Zezhong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable BiobreedingDepartment of Plant ProtectionInstitute of Vegetables and FlowersChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100081China
- Institute of Plant ProtectionTianjin Academy of Agricultural SciencesTianjin300381China
| | - Jixing Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable BiobreedingDepartment of Plant ProtectionInstitute of Vegetables and FlowersChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100081China
| | - Xin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable BiobreedingDepartment of Plant ProtectionInstitute of Vegetables and FlowersChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100081China
| | - Wen Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable BiobreedingDepartment of Plant ProtectionInstitute of Vegetables and FlowersChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100081China
| | - Shaoli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable BiobreedingDepartment of Plant ProtectionInstitute of Vegetables and FlowersChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100081China
| | - Qingjun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable BiobreedingDepartment of Plant ProtectionInstitute of Vegetables and FlowersChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100081China
| | - Wenfeng Ye
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical EcologyInstitute of BiologyUniversity of NeuchâtelNeuchâtelCH‐2000Switzerland
| | - Xuguo Zhou
- Department of EntomologyUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKY40546‐0091USA
| | - Ted C. J. Turlings
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical EcologyInstitute of BiologyUniversity of NeuchâtelNeuchâtelCH‐2000Switzerland
| | - Youjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable BiobreedingDepartment of Plant ProtectionInstitute of Vegetables and FlowersChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100081China
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Gupta A, Kumar M, Zhang B, Tomar M, Walia AK, Choyal P, Saini RP, Potkule J, Burritt DJ, Sheri V, Verma P, Chandran D, Tran LSP. Improvement of qualitative and quantitative traits in cotton under normal and stressed environments using genomics and biotechnological tools: A review. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 340:111937. [PMID: 38043729 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Due to the increasing demand for high-quality and high fiber-yielding cotton (Gossypium spp.), research into the development of stress-resilient cotton cultivars has acquired greater significance. Various biotic and abiotic stressors greatly affect cotton production and productivity, posing challenges to the future of the textile industry. Moreover, the content and quality of cottonseed oil can also potentially be influenced by future environmental conditions. Apart from conventional methods, genetic engineering has emerged as a potential tool to improve cotton fiber quality and productivity. Identification and modification of genome sequences and the expression levels of yield-related genes using genetic engineering approaches have enabled to increase both the quality and yields of cotton fiber and cottonseed oil. Herein, we evaluate the significance and molecular mechanisms associated with the regulation of cotton agronomic traits under both normal and stressful environmental conditions. In addition, the importance of gossypol, a toxic phenolic compound in cottonseed that can limit consumption by animals and humans, is reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarti Gupta
- Department of Life Sciences, POSTECH Biotech Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea; Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai, India.
| | - Baohong Zhang
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Maharishi Tomar
- ICAR - Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi, India
| | | | - Prince Choyal
- ICAR - Indian Institute of Soybean Research, Indore 452001, India
| | | | - Jayashree Potkule
- Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - David J Burritt
- Department of Botany, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Vijay Sheri
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Pooja Verma
- ICAR - Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur, India
| | - Deepak Chandran
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Government of Kerala, Palakkad 679335, Kerala, India
| | - Lam-Son Phan Tran
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
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10
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Yue D, Hao X, Han B, Xu J, Sun W, Guo X, Zhang X, Yang X. GhL1L1 regulates the contents of unsaturated fatty acids by activating the expression of GhFAD2 genes in cotton. Gene 2024; 893:147899. [PMID: 37839764 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Edible oils with high unsaturated fatty acids, particularly oleic acid, are beneficial to human health. Cotton is one of the top five oil crops in the world, but the mechanism of high-quality oil synthesis and regulatory networks in cotton are largely unclear. Here, we identified Leafy cotyledon1-like 1 (GhL1L1), a NF-YB subfamily gene that is specifically expressed during somatic embryogenesis and seed maturation in cotton. Overexpression of GhL1L1 regulates the contents of unsaturated fatty acids in cotton, especially in the seeds, which is associated with altered expression of the cotton fatty acid biosynthesis-related genes. GhL1L1 synergistically enhanced the expression of GhFAD2-1A by binding to the G-box in its promoter, leading to an increase in the content of linoleic acid. Furthermore, this activation could be enhanced by GhNF-YC2 and GhNF-YA1 by form a transcriptional complex. Collectively, these results contribute to provide new insights into the molecular mechanism of oil biosynthesis in cotton and can facilitate genetic manipulation of cotton varieties with enhanced oil content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Yue
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.
| | - Xuyang Hao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.
| | - Bei Han
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.
| | - Jiao Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China; Resource Institute for Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Materia Medica, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550000, Guizhou, China.
| | - Weinan Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.
| | - Xiaoping Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.
| | - Xianlong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.
| | - Xiyan Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.
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11
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Abtahi M, Mirlohi A. Quality assessment of flax advanced breeding lines varying in seed coat color and their potential use in the food and industrial applications. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:60. [PMID: 38254037 PMCID: PMC10804595 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04733-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the increasing consumer awareness of the strong relationship between food and health, flax became a promising functional food due to its bioactive nutraceutical composition. Intra-specific crosses of eight contrasting flax genotypes were performed previously, and within segregating F6 progeny families, we investigated a close-up composition of phytochemicals derived from whole seeds. RESULTS The considerable genetic variation among the flax F6 families suggested that intra-specific hybridization is essential in flax breeding to obtain and broaden genetic variability and largely affirmed the opportunity for selecting promising lines. Also, significant variations in the targeted metabolite contents and antioxidant properties were observed among brown and yellow-seeded families. Notably, brown-seeded families expressed the highest average values of saturated fatty acids, protein, fiber, tocopherol, phenolics, SDG, and SECO lignans. Yellow-seeded families represented the highest average content of unsaturated fatty acids and mucilage. The cultivation year significantly affects flaxseed's composition and functional properties, presumably due to temperature, humidity, and sunshine time differences. Interestingly, the seeds obtained in warmer conditions were more potent and had more chemical constituents. The favorable genetic correlations among all evaluated traits suggest the possibility of joint genetic selection for several nutritional and phytochemical characteristics in flax. The current study highlights the importance and utilization of 19 top families as their seeds and oil play imperative roles in the pharmaceuticals and food industries. The antioxidant capacity of the seeds showed that families 84B, 23B, 35Y, 95Y, 30B, 88B, and 78B serve as a natural source of dietary antioxidants beneficial to human health. To increase the oxidative stability of the flaxseed oil, the quality evaluation identified some families with low levels of linolenic acid. CONCLUSIONS These findings are essential to improving flaxseed's nutritional quality and therapeutic properties through a bulk breeding program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mozhgan Abtahi
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran.
| | - Aghafakhr Mirlohi
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
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12
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Rozhon W, Ramirez VE, Wieckhorst S, Hahn V, Poppenberger B. Generation of high oleic acid sunflower lines using gamma radiation mutagenesis and high-throughput fatty acid profiling. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1138603. [PMID: 38023891 PMCID: PMC10679672 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1138603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is the second most important oil seed crop in Europe. The seeds are used as confection seeds and, more importantly, to generate an edible vegetable oil, which in normal varieties is rich in the polyunsaturated fatty acid linoleic acid. Linoleic acid is biosynthesized from oleic acid through activity of the oleate desaturase FATTY ACID DESATURASE 2 (FAD2), which in seeds is encoded by FAD2-1, a gene that's present in single copy in sunflowers. Defective FAD2-1 expression enriches oleic acid, yielding the high oleic (HO) acid trait, which is of great interest in oil seed crops, since HO oil bears benefits for both food and non-food applications. Chemical mutagenesis has previously been used to generate sunflower mutants with reduced FAD2-1 expression and here it was aimed to produce further genetic material in which FAD2-1 activity is lost and the HO trait is stably expressed. For this purpose, a sunflower mutant population was created using gamma irradiation and screened for fad2-1 mutants with a newly developed HPLC-based fatty-acid profiling system that's suitable for high-throughput analyses. With this approach fad2-1 knock-out mutants could be isolated, which stably hyper-accumulate oleic acid in concentrations of 85-90% of the total fatty acid pool. The genetic nature of these new sunflower lines was characterized and will facilitate marker development, for the rapid introgression of the trait into elite sunflower breeding material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilfried Rozhon
- Biotechnology of Horticultural Crops, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Veronica E. Ramirez
- Biotechnology of Horticultural Crops, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | | | - Volker Hahn
- Landessaatzuchtanstalt, University of Hohenheim, Willstätt, Germany
| | - Brigitte Poppenberger
- Biotechnology of Horticultural Crops, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
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13
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Xi R, Liu H, Chen Y, Zhuang H, Han H, Wang H, Wang Q, Li N. Genome-Wide Characterization of Tomato FAD Gene Family and Expression Analysis under Abiotic Stresses. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3818. [PMID: 38005715 PMCID: PMC10675527 DOI: 10.3390/plants12223818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
The fatty acid desaturase (FAD) gene family plays a crucial regulatory role in the resistance process of plant biomembranes. To understand the role of FADs in tomato growth and development, this study identified and analyzed the tomato FAD gene family based on bioinformatics analysis methods. In this study, 26 SlFADs were unevenly distributed on 10 chromosomes. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the SlFAD gene family was divided into six branches, and the exon-intron composition and conserved motifs of SlFADs clustered in the same branch were quite conservative. Several hormone and stress response elements in the SlFAD promoter suggest that the expression of SlFAD members is subject to complex regulation; the construction of a tomato FAD protein interaction network found that SlFAD proteins have apparent synergistic effects with SPA and GPAT proteins. qRT-PCR verification results show that SlFAD participates in the expression of tomato root, stem, and leaf tissues; SlFAD8 is mainly highly expressed in leaves; SlFAD9 plays a vital role in response to salt stress; and SlFAB5 regulates all stages of fruit development under the action of exogenous hormones. In summary, this study provides a basis for a systematic understanding of the SlFAD gene family. It provides a theoretical basis for in-depth research on the functional characteristics of tomato SlFAD genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xi
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Xingjiang Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Urumqi 830091, China; (R.X.); (H.L.); (Y.C.); (H.Z.); (H.H.); (H.W.)
- The State Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Germplasm Innovation of Crop Resistance in Arid Desert Regions (Preparation), Institute of Horticultural Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China
- College of Horticulture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Huifang Liu
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Xingjiang Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Urumqi 830091, China; (R.X.); (H.L.); (Y.C.); (H.Z.); (H.H.); (H.W.)
| | - Yijia Chen
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Xingjiang Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Urumqi 830091, China; (R.X.); (H.L.); (Y.C.); (H.Z.); (H.H.); (H.W.)
- The State Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Germplasm Innovation of Crop Resistance in Arid Desert Regions (Preparation), Institute of Horticultural Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China
- College of Horticulture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Hongmei Zhuang
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Xingjiang Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Urumqi 830091, China; (R.X.); (H.L.); (Y.C.); (H.Z.); (H.H.); (H.W.)
| | - Hongwei Han
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Xingjiang Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Urumqi 830091, China; (R.X.); (H.L.); (Y.C.); (H.Z.); (H.H.); (H.W.)
| | - Hao Wang
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Xingjiang Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Urumqi 830091, China; (R.X.); (H.L.); (Y.C.); (H.Z.); (H.H.); (H.W.)
| | - Qiang Wang
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Xingjiang Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Urumqi 830091, China; (R.X.); (H.L.); (Y.C.); (H.Z.); (H.H.); (H.W.)
| | - Ning Li
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Xingjiang Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Urumqi 830091, China; (R.X.); (H.L.); (Y.C.); (H.Z.); (H.H.); (H.W.)
- The State Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Germplasm Innovation of Crop Resistance in Arid Desert Regions (Preparation), Institute of Horticultural Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China
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14
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He Z, Chao H, Zhou X, Ni Q, Hu Y, Yu R, Wang M, Li C, Chen J, Chen Y, Chen Y, Cui C, Zhang L, Chen M, Chen D. A chromosome-level genome assembly provides insights into Cornus wilsoniana evolution, oil biosynthesis, and floral bud development. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhad196. [PMID: 38023476 PMCID: PMC10673659 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Cornus wilsoniana W. is a woody oil plant with high oil content and strong hypolipidemic effects, making it a valuable species for medicinal, landscaping, and ecological purposes in China. To advance genetic research on this species, we employed PacBio together with Hi-C data to create a draft genome assembly for C. wilsoniana. Based on an 11-chromosome anchored chromosome-level assembly, the estimated genome size was determined to be 843.51 Mb. The N50 contig size and N50 scaffold size were calculated to be 4.49 and 78.00 Mb, respectively. Furthermore, 30 474 protein-coding genes were annotated. Comparative genomics analysis revealed that C. wilsoniana diverged from its closest species ~12.46 million years ago (Mya). Furthermore, the divergence between Cornaceae and Nyssaceae occurred >62.22 Mya. We also found evidence of whole-genome duplication events and whole-genome triplication γ, occurring at ~44.90 and 115.86 Mya. We further inferred the origins of chromosomes, which sheds light on the complex evolutionary history of the karyotype of C. wilsoniana. Through transcriptional and metabolic analysis, we identified two FAD2 homologous genes that may play a crucial role in controlling the oleic to linoleic acid ratio. We further investigated the correlation between metabolites and genes and identified 33 MADS-TF homologous genes that may affect flower morphology in C. wilsoniana. Overall, this study lays the groundwork for future research aimed at identifying the genetic basis of crucial traits in C. wilsoniana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxiang He
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Haoyu Chao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Department of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xinkai Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qingyang Ni
- Department of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yueming Hu
- Department of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ranran Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Minghuai Wang
- Forest Protection Department, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Changzhu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Jingzhen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Yunzhu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Xishan Forest Farm, Dazu District, Chongqing 402360, China
| | - Chunyi Cui
- Longshan Forest Farm, Lechang 512221, China
| | - Liangbo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha 410004, China
- Hunan Horticultural Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Dijun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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15
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Lippolis A, Roland WSU, Bocova O, Pouvreau L, Trindade LM. The challenge of breeding for reduced off-flavor in faba bean ingredients. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1286803. [PMID: 37965015 PMCID: PMC10642941 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1286803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
The growing interest in plant protein sources, such as pulses, is driven by the necessity for sustainable food production and climate change mitigation strategies. Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is a promising protein crop for temperate climates, owing to its remarkable yield potential (up to 8 tonnes ha-1 in favourable growing conditions) and high protein content (~29% dry matter basis). Nevertheless, the adoption of faba bean protein in plant-based products that aim to resemble animal-derived counterparts is hindered by its distinctive taste and aroma, regarded as "off-flavors". In this review, we propose to introduce off-flavor as a trait in breeding programs by identifying molecules involved in sensory perception and defining key breeding targets. We discuss the role of lipid oxidation in producing volatile and non-volatile compounds responsible for the beany aroma and bitter taste, respectively. We further investigate the contribution of saponin, tannin, and other polyphenols to bitterness and astringency. To develop faba bean varieties with diminished off-flavors, we suggest targeting genes to reduce lipid oxidation, such as lipoxygenases (lox) and fatty acid desaturases (fad), and genes involved in phenylpropanoid and saponin biosynthesis, such as zero-tannin (zt), chalcone isomerase (chi), chalcone synthase (chs), β-amyrin (bas1). Additionally, we address potential challenges, including the need for high-throughput phenotyping and possible limitations that could arise during the genetic improvement process. The breeding approach can facilitate the use of faba bean protein in plant-based food such as meat and dairy analogues more extensively, fostering a transition toward more sustainable and climate-resilient diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Lippolis
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Wibke S. U. Roland
- Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Ornela Bocova
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Laurice Pouvreau
- Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Luisa M. Trindade
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
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16
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Jiang J, Shi Q, Li X, He X, Wu C, Li X. Biological Characteristics and Functional Analysis of the Linoleic Acid Synthase Gene ZjFAD2 in Jujube. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15479. [PMID: 37895156 PMCID: PMC10607877 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Jujube fruit is rich in linoleic acid and other bioactive components and has great potential to be used for the development of functional foods. However, the roles of FAD2 genes in linoleic acid biosynthesis in jujube fruit remain unclear. Here, we identified 15 major components in jujube and found that linoleic acid was the main unsaturated fatty acid; major differences in the content and distribution of linoleic acid in the pulp and seeds were observed, and levels of linoleic acid decreased during fruit maturation. Analysis of the fatty acid metabolome, genome, and gene expression patterns of cultivated and wild-type jujube revealed five ZjFAD2 family members highly related to linoleic acid biosynthesis. The heterologous expression of these five ZjFAD2 family members in tobacco revealed that all five of these genes increased the content of linoleic acid. Additionally, transient expression of these genes in jujube fruit and the virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) test further confirmed the key roles of ZjFAD2-11 and ZjFAD2-1 in the biosynthesis of linoleic acid. The results of this research provide valuable insights into the molecular mechanism underlying linoleic acid synthesis in jujube and will aid the development of quality-oriented breeding strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Jiang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (J.J.)
- Research Center for Jujube Engineering and Technology National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Xianyang 712100, China
- Key Comprehensive Laboratory of Forestry of Shaanxi Province, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Qianqian Shi
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (J.J.)
- Research Center for Jujube Engineering and Technology National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Xianyang 712100, China
- Key Comprehensive Laboratory of Forestry of Shaanxi Province, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Xi Li
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (J.J.)
- Research Center for Jujube Engineering and Technology National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Xianyang 712100, China
- Key Comprehensive Laboratory of Forestry of Shaanxi Province, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Xueying He
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (J.J.)
- Research Center for Jujube Engineering and Technology National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Xianyang 712100, China
- Key Comprehensive Laboratory of Forestry of Shaanxi Province, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Cuiyun Wu
- College of Horticulture and Forestry, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
| | - Xingang Li
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (J.J.)
- Research Center for Jujube Engineering and Technology National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Xianyang 712100, China
- Key Comprehensive Laboratory of Forestry of Shaanxi Province, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
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17
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Dvorianinova EM, Zinovieva OL, Pushkova EN, Zhernova DA, Rozhmina TA, Povkhova LV, Novakovskiy RO, Sigova EA, Turba AA, Borkhert EV, Krasnov GS, Ruan C, Dmitriev AA, Melnikova NV. Key FAD2, FAD3, and SAD Genes Involved in the Fatty Acid Synthesis in Flax Identified Based on Genomic and Transcriptomic Data. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14885. [PMID: 37834335 PMCID: PMC10573214 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
FAD (fatty acid desaturase) and SAD (stearoyl-ACP desaturase) genes play key roles in the synthesis of fatty acids (FA) and determination of oil composition in flax (Linum usitatissimum L.). We searched for FAD and SAD genes in the most widely used flax genome of the variety CDC Bethune and three available long-read assembled flax genomes-YY5, 3896, and Atlant. We identified fifteen FAD2, six FAD3, and four SAD genes. Of all the identified genes, 24 were present in duplicated pairs. In most cases, two genes from a pair differed by a significant number of gene-specific SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) or even InDels (insertions/deletions), except for FAD2a-1 and FAD2a-2, where only seven SNPs distinguished these genes. Errors were detected in the FAD2a-1, FAD2a-2, FAD3c-1, and FAD3d-2 sequences in the CDC Bethune genome assembly but not in the long-read genome assemblies. Expression analysis of the available transcriptomic data for different flax organs/tissues revealed that FAD2a-1, FAD2a-2, FAD3a, FAD3b, SAD3-1, and SAD3-2 were specifically expressed in embryos/seeds/capsules and could play a crucial role in the synthesis of FA in flax seeds. In contrast, FAD2b-1, FAD2b-2, SAD2-1, and SAD2-2 were highly expressed in all analyzed organs/tissues and could be involved in FA synthesis in whole flax plants. FAD2c-2, FAD2d-1, FAD3c-1, FAD3c-2, FAD3d-1, FAD3d-2, SAD3-1, and SAD3-2 showed differential expression under stress conditions-Fusarium oxysporum infection and drought. The obtained results are essential for research on molecular mechanisms of fatty acid synthesis, FAD and SAD editing, and marker-assisted and genomic selection for breeding flax varieties with a determined fatty acid composition of oil.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olga L. Zinovieva
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Elena N. Pushkova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Daiana A. Zhernova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | - Tatiana A. Rozhmina
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Federal Research Center for Bast Fiber Crops, Torzhok 172002, Russia
| | - Liubov V. Povkhova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow 141701, Russia
| | - Roman O. Novakovskiy
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Elizaveta A. Sigova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow 141701, Russia
| | - Anastasia A. Turba
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Elena V. Borkhert
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - George S. Krasnov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Chengjiang Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Institute of Plant Resources, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Alexey A. Dmitriev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow 141701, Russia
| | - Nataliya V. Melnikova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
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18
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Du P, Deng Q, Wang W, Garg V, Lu Q, Huang L, Wang R, Li H, Huai D, Chen X, Varshney RK, Hong Y, Liu H. scRNA-seq Reveals the Mechanism of Fatty Acid Desaturase 2 Mutation to Repress Leaf Growth in Peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.). Cells 2023; 12:2305. [PMID: 37759528 PMCID: PMC10527976 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty Acid Desaturase 2 (FAD2) controls the conversion of oleic acids into linoleic acids. Mutations in FAD2 not only increase the high-oleic content, but also repress the leaf growth. However, the mechanism by which FAD2 regulates the growth pathway has not been elucidated in peanut leaves with single-cell resolution. In this study, we isolated fad2 mutant leaf protoplast cells to perform single-cell RNA sequencing. Approximately 24,988 individual cells with 10,249 expressed genes were classified into five major cell types. A comparative analysis of 3495 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in distinct cell types demonstrated that fad2 inhibited the expression of the cytokinin synthesis gene LOG in vascular cells, thereby repressing leaf growth. Further, pseudo-time trajectory analysis indicated that fad2 repressed leaf cell differentiation, and cell-cycle evidence displayed that fad2 perturbed the normal cell cycle to induce the majority of cells to drop into the S phase. Additionally, important transcription factors were filtered from the DEG profiles that connected the network involved in high-oleic acid accumulation (WRKY6), activated the hormone pathway (WRKY23, ERF109), and potentially regulated leaf growth (ERF6, MYB102, WRKY30). Collectively, our study describes different gene atlases in high-oleic and normal peanut seedling leaves, providing novel biological insights to elucidate the molecular mechanism of the high-oleic peanut-associated agronomic trait at the single-cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puxuan Du
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, South China Peanut Sub-Center of National Center of Oilseed Crops Improvement, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GDAAS), Guangzhou 510640, China; (P.D.); (Q.D.); (Q.L.); (L.H.); (R.W.); (H.L.); (X.C.)
| | - Quanqing Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, South China Peanut Sub-Center of National Center of Oilseed Crops Improvement, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GDAAS), Guangzhou 510640, China; (P.D.); (Q.D.); (Q.L.); (L.H.); (R.W.); (H.L.); (X.C.)
| | - Wenyi Wang
- College of Agriculture, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
| | - Vanika Garg
- WA State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University (MU), Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia; (V.G.); (R.K.V.)
| | - Qing Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, South China Peanut Sub-Center of National Center of Oilseed Crops Improvement, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GDAAS), Guangzhou 510640, China; (P.D.); (Q.D.); (Q.L.); (L.H.); (R.W.); (H.L.); (X.C.)
| | - Lu Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, South China Peanut Sub-Center of National Center of Oilseed Crops Improvement, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GDAAS), Guangzhou 510640, China; (P.D.); (Q.D.); (Q.L.); (L.H.); (R.W.); (H.L.); (X.C.)
| | - Runfeng Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, South China Peanut Sub-Center of National Center of Oilseed Crops Improvement, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GDAAS), Guangzhou 510640, China; (P.D.); (Q.D.); (Q.L.); (L.H.); (R.W.); (H.L.); (X.C.)
| | - Haifen Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, South China Peanut Sub-Center of National Center of Oilseed Crops Improvement, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GDAAS), Guangzhou 510640, China; (P.D.); (Q.D.); (Q.L.); (L.H.); (R.W.); (H.L.); (X.C.)
| | - Dongxin Huai
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China;
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, South China Peanut Sub-Center of National Center of Oilseed Crops Improvement, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GDAAS), Guangzhou 510640, China; (P.D.); (Q.D.); (Q.L.); (L.H.); (R.W.); (H.L.); (X.C.)
| | - Rajeev K. Varshney
- WA State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University (MU), Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia; (V.G.); (R.K.V.)
| | - Yanbin Hong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, South China Peanut Sub-Center of National Center of Oilseed Crops Improvement, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GDAAS), Guangzhou 510640, China; (P.D.); (Q.D.); (Q.L.); (L.H.); (R.W.); (H.L.); (X.C.)
| | - Hao Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, South China Peanut Sub-Center of National Center of Oilseed Crops Improvement, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GDAAS), Guangzhou 510640, China; (P.D.); (Q.D.); (Q.L.); (L.H.); (R.W.); (H.L.); (X.C.)
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Zhao X, Ma K, Li Z, Li W, Zhang X, Liu S, Meng R, Lu B, Li X, Ren J, Zhang L, Yuan X. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Brassinolide Signaling Pathway Control of Foxtail Millet Seedling Starch and Sucrose Metabolism under Freezing Stress, with Implications for Growth and Development. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11590. [PMID: 37511348 PMCID: PMC10380969 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-temperature stress limits the growth and development of foxtail millet. Freezing stress caused by sudden temperature drops, such as late-spring coldness, often occurs in the seedling stage of foxtail millet. However, the ability and coping strategies of foxtail millet to cope with such stress are not clear. In the present study, we analyzed the self-regulatory mechanisms of freezing stress in foxtail millet. We conducted a physiological study on foxtail millet leaves at -4 °C for seven different durations (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 h). Longer freezing time increased cell-membrane damage, relative conductance, and malondialdehyde content. This led to osmotic stress in the leaves, which triggered an increase in free proline, soluble sugar, and soluble protein contents. The increases in these substances helped to reduce the damage caused by stress. The activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) content. The optimal time point for the response to freezing stress was 8 h after exposure. The transcriptome analysis of samples held for 8 h at -4 °C revealed 6862 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), among which the majority are implicated in various pathways, including the starch and sucrose metabolic pathways, antioxidant enzyme pathways, brassinolide (BR) signaling pathway, and transcription factors, according to Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment. We investigated possible crosstalk between BR signals and other pathways and found that BR signaling molecules were induced in response to freezing stress. The beta-amylase (BAM) starch hydrolase signal was enhanced by the BR signal, resulting in the accelerated degradation of starch and the formation of sugars, which served as emerging ROS scavengers and osmoregulators to resist freezing stress. In conclusion, crosstalk between BR signal transduction, and both starch and sucrose metabolism under freezing stress provides a new perspective for improving freezing resistance in foxtail millet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiatong Zhao
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Ke Ma
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Zhong Li
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Weidong Li
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Shaoguang Liu
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Ru Meng
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Boyu Lu
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Xiaorui Li
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Jianhong Ren
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Liguang Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Xiangyang Yuan
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030801, China
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Liang M, Dong Q, Zhang X, Liu Y, Li H, Guo S, Luan H, Jia P, Yang M, Qi G. Metabolomics and Transcriptomics Analyses Reveals the Molecular Regulatory Mechanisms of Walnut ( Juglans regia L.) Embryos in Response to Shade Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10871. [PMID: 37446044 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The walnut is an important nut that has numerous uses worldwide. However, due to dwarf and close plantation methods as well as continuous cloudy or rainy days that occur during periods of walnut oil accumulation, the walnut fruit exhibits varying degrees of stress under low-light conditions. However, the effects of shade on metabolites and genes in walnut embryos remain unclear in the literature. The purpose of this study is to investigate the lipid biosynthesis process that occurs in walnut embryos under shade treatment via the use of metabolomics and transcriptomics analyses. The results indicate that the oil content decreases significantly under shaded conditions, while the protein content increases significantly. The expression levels of fatty acid desaturase 2 (FAD2) and stearoyl-ACP-desaturase (SAD) involved in the lipid biosynthesis mechanism were significantly reduced in the shaded group, which resulted in reductions in oleic (C18:1), linoleic (C18:2), and α-linolenic (C18:3) acids. The reduced oil content was consistent with the downregulation of genes associated with the lipid biosynthesis mechanism. In the amino acid biosynthesis process, the upregulated cysteine synthase (cscK) and anthranilate synthase beta subunit 2 (trpG) genes promoted the accumulation of L-aspartic acid and L-citrulline. The increase in protein content was consistent with the upregulation of genes related to amino acid biosynthesis. Thus, our study provides new insights into the regulatory mechanisms of shade underlying overall walnut fruit quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manman Liang
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Qinglong Dong
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Han Li
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Suping Guo
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Haoan Luan
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Peng Jia
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Minsheng Yang
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Guohui Qi
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
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21
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Zhang Y, Gong H, Cui X, Gao C, Li N, Pu Y, Zhang X, Zhao J. Integrated lipidomic and transcriptomic analyses reveal the mechanism of lipid biosynthesis and accumulation during seed development in sesame. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1211040. [PMID: 37426956 PMCID: PMC10325577 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1211040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Sesame is one of the most important oilseed crops and attracts significant attention because of its huge nutritional capacity. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying oil accumulation in sesame remains poorly understood. In this study, lipidomic and transcriptomic analyses in different stages of sesame seed (Luzhi No.1, seed oil content 56%) development were performed to gain insight into the regulatory mechanisms that govern differences in lipid composition, content, biosynthesis, and transport. In total, 481 lipids, including fatty acids (FAs, 38 species), triacylglycerol (TAG, 127 species), ceramide (33 species), phosphatidic acid (20 species), and diacylglycerol (17 species), were detected in developing sesame seed using gas and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Most FAs and other lipids accumulated 21-33 days after flowering. RNA-sequence profiling in developing seed highlighted the enhanced expression of genes involved in the biosynthesis and transport of FAs, TAGs, and membrane lipids, which was similar to that seen during lipid accumulation. Through the differential expression analysis of genes involved in lipid biosynthesis and metabolism during seed development, several candidate genes were found to affect the oil content and FA composition of sesame seed, including ACCase, FAD2, DGAT, G3PDH, PEPCase, WRI1 and WRI1-like genes. Our study reveals the patterns of lipid accumulation and biosynthesis-related gene expression and lays an important foundation for the further exploration of sesame seed lipid biosynthesis and accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujuan Zhang
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Huihui Gong
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xinxiao Cui
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Chunhua Gao
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Nana Li
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yanyan Pu
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xiurong Zhang
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Junsheng Zhao
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
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Zhang Z, Qian H, Wang Z, Pang Y, Guan X, Poetsch A, Wang D. Characterization of histone acetyltransferases and deacetylases and their roles in response to dehydration stress in Pyropia yezoensis (Rhodophyta). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1133021. [PMID: 37260940 PMCID: PMC10227436 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1133021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Histone acetylation is one of the most pivotal epigenetic mechanisms in eukaryotes and has been tightly linked to the regulation of various genes controlling growth, development and response to environmental stresses in both animals and plants. Till date, the association of histone acetylation to dehydration stress in red algae and genes encoding the enzymes responsible for histone acetylation: histone acetyltransferases (HATs) or histone deacetylases (HDACs), remains largely unknown. In this study, in silico analysis of the red seaweed Pyropia yezoensis identified 6 HAT genes and 10 HDAC genes. These genes displayed good synteny in genome loci with their Pyropia haitanensis orthologs except for a putative gene duplication event in HDAC and a loss of one HAT gene in P. yezoensis. According to the conserved domains and phylogenetic analysis, they encoded three GCNA5-, one TAFII250- and one MYST-HAT, as well as five HDA1-and five SIRT-HDACs. The sirtuin-domain of Py06502 harbored a ~100 aa insert and interestingly, this insertion was specifically observed in Bangiales species. Two nuclear-localized HATs were transcriptionally up-regulated at the early stage of dehydration and so were two nuclear HDA1s when moderate dehydration started, suggesting their potential roles in modulating downstream gene expression to facilitate dehydration adaptation by changing histone acetylation patterns on relevant regulatory elements. This was experimentally confirmed by the increased decline in photosynthesis efficiency during dehydration when HAT and HDAC activities were inhibited by SAHA and MB-3, respectively. Transcriptional patterns of multiple dehydration-responsive genes after water loss were strongly affected by MB-3 or SAHA treatment. This study provides the first insight into the regulation and function of HAT/HDAC during stress adaptation in red algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (OUC), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, China
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Huijuan Qian
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (OUC), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, China
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhongshi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (OUC), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, China
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Ying Pang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (OUC), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, China
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaowei Guan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (OUC), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, China
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Ansgar Poetsch
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (OUC), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, China
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Dongmei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (OUC), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, China
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
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Ji C, Liang Z, Cao H, Chen Z, Kong X, Xin Z, He M, Wang J, Wei Z, Xing J, Li C, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Sun F, Li J, Li K. Transcriptome-based analysis of the effects of compound microbial agents on gene expression in wheat roots and leaves under salt stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1109077. [PMID: 37235031 PMCID: PMC10206238 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1109077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Salt stress inhibits the beneficial effects of most plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria. The synergistic relationship between beneficial rhizosphere microorganisms and plants helps achieve more stable growth-promoting effects. This study aimed 1) to elucidate changes in gene expression profiles in the roots and leaves of wheat after inoculation with compound microbial agents and 2) to determine the mechanisms by which plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria mediate plant responses to microorganisms. Methods Following inoculation with compound bacteria, transcriptome characteristics of gene expression profiles of wheat, roots, and leaves at the flowering stage were investigated using Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology. Gene ontology (GO) function and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed on the genes that were significantly differentially expressed. Results The expression of 231 genes in the roots of bacterial preparations (BIO) -inoculated wheat changed significantly (including 35 upregulated and 196 downregulated genes) compared with that of non-inoculated wheat. The expression of 16,321 genes in leaves changed significantly, including 9651 upregulated genes and 6670 downregulated genes. The differentially expressed genes were involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates, amino acids, and secondary compounds as well as signal transduction pathways. The ethylene receptor 1 gene in wheat leaves was significantly downregulated, and genes related to ethylene-responsive transcription factor were significantly upregulated. GO enrichment analysis showed that metabolic and cellular processes were the main functions affected in the roots and leaves. The main molecular functions altered were binding and catalytic activities, among which the cellular oxidant detoxification enrichment rate was highly expressed in the roots. The expression of peroxisome size regulation was the highest in the leaves. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that linoleic acid metabolism expression was highest in the roots, and the expression of photosynthesis-antenna proteins was the highest in leaves. After inoculation with a complex biosynthesis agent, the phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) gene of the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway was upregulated in wheat leaf cells while 4CL, CCR, and CYP73A were downregulated. Additionally, CYP98A and REF1 genes involved in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway were upregulated, while F5H, HCT, CCR, E2.1.1.104, and TOGT1-related genes were downregulated. Discussion Differentially expressed genes may play key roles in improving salt tolerance in wheat. Compound microbial inoculants promoted the growth of wheat under salt stress and improved disease resistance by regulating the expression of metabolism-related genes in wheat roots and leaves and activating immune pathway-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ji
- College of Seed and Facility Agricultural Engineering, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in University of Shandong Province, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, China
- Taishan Forest Ecosystem Research Station, Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration for Silviculture of the Lower Yellow River, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Zengwen Liang
- College of Seed and Facility Agricultural Engineering, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in University of Shandong Province, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, China
- Shandong Yongsheng Agricultural Development Co., Ltd., Yongsheng (Shouguang) Vegetable Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd, Weifang, China
| | - Hui Cao
- College of Seed and Facility Agricultural Engineering, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in University of Shandong Province, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Zhizhang Chen
- College of Foreign Languages, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Xuehua Kong
- Weifang Hanting Vestibule School, Weifang Education Bureau, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Zhiwen Xin
- College of Seed and Facility Agricultural Engineering, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in University of Shandong Province, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Mingchao He
- College of Seed and Facility Agricultural Engineering, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in University of Shandong Province, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Wang
- College of Seed and Facility Agricultural Engineering, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in University of Shandong Province, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Zichao Wei
- College of Seed and Facility Agricultural Engineering, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in University of Shandong Province, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Jiahao Xing
- College of Seed and Facility Agricultural Engineering, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in University of Shandong Province, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Chunyu Li
- College of Seed and Facility Agricultural Engineering, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in University of Shandong Province, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Yingxiang Zhang
- College of Seed and Facility Agricultural Engineering, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in University of Shandong Province, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- College of Seed and Facility Agricultural Engineering, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in University of Shandong Province, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Fujin Sun
- College of Seed and Facility Agricultural Engineering, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, China
- Runxin Fruit and Vegetable Cultivation Cooperative of Weifang Economic Development Zone, Weifang Agricultural Bureau, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Jianlin Li
- College of Seed and Facility Agricultural Engineering, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, China
- Weifang Nuode Biotechnology Co., LTD, Weifang Agricultural Bureau, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Kun Li
- Taishan Forest Ecosystem Research Station, Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration for Silviculture of the Lower Yellow River, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agriculture University, Taian, Shandong, China
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Maghoumi M, Amodio ML, Cisneros-Zevallos L, Colelli G. Prevention of Chilling Injury in Pomegranates Revisited: Pre- and Post-Harvest Factors, Mode of Actions, and Technologies Involved. Foods 2023; 12:foods12071462. [PMID: 37048282 PMCID: PMC10093716 DOI: 10.3390/foods12071462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The storage life of pomegranate fruit (Punica granatum L.) is limited by decay, chilling injury, weight loss, and husk scald. In particular, chilling injury (CI) limits pomegranate long-term storage at chilling temperatures. CI manifests as skin browning that expands randomly with surface spots, albedo brown discoloration, and changes in aril colors from red to brown discoloration during handling or storage (6-8 weeks) at <5-7 °C. Since CI symptoms affect external and internal appearance, it significantly reduces pomegranate fruit marketability. Several postharvest treatments have been proposed to prevent CI, including atmospheric modifications (MA), heat treatments (HT), coatings, use of polyamines (PAs), salicylic acid (SA), jasmonates (JA), melatonin and glycine betaine (GB), among others. There is no complete understanding of the etiology and biochemistry of CI, however, a hypothetical model proposed herein indicates that oxidative stress plays a key role, which alters cell membrane functionality and integrity and alters protein/enzyme biosynthesis associated with chilling injury symptoms. This review discusses the hypothesized mechanism of CI based on recent research, its association to postharvest treatments, and their possible targets. It also indicates that the proposed mode of action model can be used to combine treatments in a hurdle synergistic or additive approach or as the basis for novel technological developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahshad Maghoumi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Degli Alimenti e dell'Ambiente, Università di Foggia, Via Napoli 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Amodio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Degli Alimenti e dell'Ambiente, Università di Foggia, Via Napoli 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Luis Cisneros-Zevallos
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Giancarlo Colelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Degli Alimenti e dell'Ambiente, Università di Foggia, Via Napoli 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy
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Kanbar A, Beisel J, Gutierrez MT, Graeff-Hönninger S, Nick P. Peruvian Amaranth (kiwicha) Accumulates Higher Levels of the Unsaturated Linoleic Acid. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076215. [PMID: 37047191 PMCID: PMC10093863 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Grain amaranth (Amaranthus spp.) is an emerging crop rich in proteins and other valuable nutrients. It was domesticated twice, in Mexico and Peru. Although global trade is dominated by Mexican species of amaranth, Peruvian amaranth (A. caudatus, kiwicha) has remained neglected, although it harbours valuable traits. In the current study, we investigate the accumulation of polyunsaturated fatty acids, comparing four genotypes of A. caudatus with K432, a commercial variety deriving from the Mexican species A. hypochondriacus under the temperate environment of Southwest Germany. We show that the A. caudatus genotypes flowered later (only in late autumn), such that they were taller as compared to the Mexican hybrid but yielded fewer grains. The oil of kiwicha showed a significantly higher content of unsaturated fatty acids, especially of linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid compared to early flowering genotype K432. To gain insight into the molecular mechanisms behind these differences, we sequenced the genomes of the A. hypochondriacus × hybridus variety K432 and the Peruvian kiwicha genotype 8300 and identified the homologues for genes involved in the ω3 fatty-acid pathway and concurrent oxylipin metabolism, as well as of key factors for jasmonate signalling and cold acclimation. We followed the expression of these transcripts over three stages of seed development in all five genotypes. We find that transcripts for Δ6 desaturases are elevated in kiwicha, whereas in the Mexican hybrid, the concurrent lipoxygenase is more active, which is followed by the activation of jasmonate biosynthesis and signalling. The early accumulation of transcripts involved in cold-stress signalling reports that the Mexican hybrid experiences cold stress already early in autumn, whereas the kiwicha genotypes do not display indications for cold stress, except for the very final phase, when there were already freezing temperatures. We interpret the higher content of unsaturated fatty acids in the context of the different climatic conditions shaping domestication (tropical conditions in the case of Mexican amaranth, sharp cold snaps in the case of kiwicha) and suggest that kiwicha oil has high potential as functional food which can be developed further by tailoring genetic backgrounds, agricultural practice, and processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Kanbar
- Molecular Cell Biology, Joseph Kölreuter Institute for Plant Sciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Julia Beisel
- Molecular Cell Biology, Joseph Kölreuter Institute for Plant Sciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | | | - Peter Nick
- Molecular Cell Biology, Joseph Kölreuter Institute for Plant Sciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Wang C, Yang J, Chen W, Zhao X, Wang Z. Contribution of the leaf and silique photosynthesis to the seeds yield and quality of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) in reproductive stage. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4721. [PMID: 36959272 PMCID: PMC10036625 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31872-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Influences of photosynthesis of leaf and silique on seeds yield and quality of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) were explored in this study. A field comparing experiment with several rapeseed varieties was conducted and the results showed, that the leaf area index (LAI), silique surface area index (SAI), siliques number per plant, and biological yield were statistically classified as the first principal factors which greatly influenced seeds yield, the leaf net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and silique Pn were the second principal factors; the stomatal conductance (Gs) and chlorophyll a (Chl a) content were the first principal factors which influenced leaf Pn and silique Pn. A shading experiment was conducted and the results showed that, under treatments of the ZH1, ZH2, and ZH3 (shading rapeseed plants during flowering stage, during time from initial flowering until seeds ripening, and during time from flowering ending until seeds ripening, respectively), respectively the seeds yield per plant was reduced by 34.6%, 84.3%, and 86.1%, the seed protein content was significantly increased. The treatment ZH1 Not, but the ZH2 and ZH3 caused significant decrease in both seed oil content and oleic acid (C18:1) content in seed oil, and the contents of linoleic acid (C18:2), linolenic acid (C18:3) in oil were significantly increased, gene expression of the ACCase (Acetyl-CoA carboxylase), FAD2 (fatty acid desaturase), and FAD3 (ω-3 fatty acid dehydrogenase) in green seeds was restrained/changed. Thus the LAI, SAI, siliques number per plant, biological yield per plant, leaf Pn, silique Pn, and the Gs, Chl a content of leaf and silique formed an indexes system to be used in screening rapeseed variety with higher light efficiency and seeds yield; the silique photosynthesis inhibition and the photosynthates deficiency in rapeseed plant after flowering stage predominately influenced seeds yield and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Wang
- Hybrid Rapeseed Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianli Yang
- Hybrid Rapeseed Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Wenjie Chen
- Hybrid Rapeseed Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoguang Zhao
- Hybrid Rapeseed Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhouli Wang
- Hybrid Rapeseed Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
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Zhang K, Yang Y, Zhang X, Zhang L, Fu Y, Guo Z, Chen S, Wu J, Schnable JC, Yi K, Wang X, Cheng F. The genome of Orychophragmus violaceus provides genomic insights into the evolution of Brassicaceae polyploidization and its distinct traits. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 4:100431. [PMID: 36071668 PMCID: PMC10030322 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2022.100431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Orychophragmus violaceus, referred to as "eryuelan" (February orchid) in China, is an early-flowering ornamental plant. The high oil content and abundance of unsaturated fatty acids in O. violaceus seeds make it a potential high-quality oilseed crop. Here, we generated a whole-genome assembly for O. violaceus using Nanopore and Hi-C sequencing technologies. The assembled genome of O. violaceus was ∼1.3 Gb in size, with 12 pairs of chromosomes. Through investigation of ancestral genome evolution, we determined that the genome of O. violaceus experienced a tetraploidization event from a diploid progenitor with the translocated proto-Calepineae karyotype. Comparisons between the reconstructed subgenomes of O. violaceus identified indicators of subgenome dominance, indicating that subgenomes likely originated via allotetraploidy. O. violaceus was phylogenetically close to the Brassica genus, and tetraploidy in O. violaceus occurred approximately 8.57 million years ago, close in time to the whole-genome triplication of Brassica that likely arose via an intermediate tetraploid lineage. However, the tetraploidization in Orychophragmus was independent of the hexaploidization in Brassica, as evidenced by the results from detailed phylogenetic analyses and comparisons of the break and fusion points of ancestral genomic blocks. Moreover, identification of multi-copy genes regulating the production of high-quality oil highlighted the contributions of both tetraploidization and tandem duplication to functional innovation in O. violaceus. These findings provide novel insights into the polyploidization evolution of plant species and will promote both functional genomic studies and domestication/breeding efforts in O. violaceus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Zhang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Sino-Dutch Joint Laboratory of Horticultural Genomics, Beijing 10008, China
| | - Yinqing Yang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Sino-Dutch Joint Laboratory of Horticultural Genomics, Beijing 10008, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Sino-Dutch Joint Laboratory of Horticultural Genomics, Beijing 10008, China
| | - Lingkui Zhang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Sino-Dutch Joint Laboratory of Horticultural Genomics, Beijing 10008, China
| | - Yu Fu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Sino-Dutch Joint Laboratory of Horticultural Genomics, Beijing 10008, China
| | - Zhongwei Guo
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Sino-Dutch Joint Laboratory of Horticultural Genomics, Beijing 10008, China
| | - Shumin Chen
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Sino-Dutch Joint Laboratory of Horticultural Genomics, Beijing 10008, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Sino-Dutch Joint Laboratory of Horticultural Genomics, Beijing 10008, China
| | - James C Schnable
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA.
| | - Keke Yi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Xiaowu Wang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Sino-Dutch Joint Laboratory of Horticultural Genomics, Beijing 10008, China.
| | - Feng Cheng
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Sino-Dutch Joint Laboratory of Horticultural Genomics, Beijing 10008, China.
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Li H, Ma X, Wang W, Zhang J, Liu Y, Yuan D. Enhancing the accumulation of linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid through the pre-harvest ethylene treatment in Camellia oleifera. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1080946. [PMID: 36909386 PMCID: PMC9999010 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1080946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Camellia oleifera Abel. (C. oleifera) is an important woody edible oil tree species in China. The quality of C. oleifera oil (tea oil) is mainly determined by the contents of linoleic acid (LA) and α-linolenic acid (ALA). However, how to increase the contents of LA and ALA in tea oil and the corresponding regulating mechanism have not been clarified. In the present study, we found that the LA and ALA contents in C. oleifera seeds were significant positively associated with the concentrations of ethephon and were decreased by ethylene inhibitor treatment. Furthermore, 1.5 g L-1 ethephon could receive an optimal LA and ALA contents without adverse effects to the growth of 'Huashuo' trees in this study. The ethephon treatment also increased the contents of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), sucrose, soluble sugar and reducing sugar contents in seeds. Transcriptome analysis further suggested that exogenous ethephon application enhanced the accumulation of LA and ALA via regulating genes involved in LA and ALA metabolism, plant hormone signal transduction pathways, and starch and sucrose metabolism. Our findings confirm the role of ethylene in LA and ALA regulation and provide new insights into the potential utilization of ethylene as a LA and ALA inducer in C. oleifera cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Deyi Yuan
- *Correspondence: Xiaoling Ma, ; Deyi Yuan,
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Integrated Transcriptome and Metabolome Analysis of Rice Leaves Response to High Saline-Alkali Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044062. [PMID: 36835473 PMCID: PMC9960601 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa) is one of the most important crops grown worldwide, and saline-alkali stress seriously affects the yield and quality of rice. It is imperative to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying rice response to saline-alkali stress. In this study, we conducted an integrated analysis of the transcriptome and metabolome to elucidate the effects of long-term saline-alkali stress on rice. High saline-alkali stress (pH > 9.5) induced significant changes in gene expression and metabolites, including 9347 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 693 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs). Among the DAMs, lipids and amino acids accumulation were greatly enhanced. The pathways of the ABC transporter, amino acid biosynthesis and metabolism, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, glutathione metabolism, TCA cycle, and linoleic acid metabolism, etc., were significantly enriched with DEGs and DAMs. These results suggest that the metabolites and pathways play important roles in rice's response to high saline-alkali stress. Our study deepens the understanding of mechanisms response to saline-alkali stress and provides references for molecular design breeding of saline-alkali resistant rice.
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Effects of Temperature and Salt Stress on the Expression of delta-12 Fatty Acid Desaturase Genes and Fatty Acid Compositions in Safflower. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032765. [PMID: 36769084 PMCID: PMC9917387 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The regulation of microsomal (e.g., FAD2) and plastidial (e.g., FAD6) oleate desaturases by cold, heat and salt stress were investigated. Gene expression levels and fatty acid compositions were determined in the roots, stems and leaves of safflower following stress treatments. A safflower plastidial oleate desaturase gene, CtFAD6, was cloned, and oleic acid desaturation was confirmed in Synechococcus sp. strain PCC7942. The results showed that temperature regulated oleate desaturation at the transcriptional level, and this regulation pattern was tissue-specific. CtFAD2-1, CtFAD2-2 and CtFAD6 were significantly induced under cold and heat stress in young leaves, and CtFAD2-2 and CtFAD6 were slightly induced in young stems. In contrast, CtFAD2-1, CtFAD2-11 and CtFAD2-10 were sensitive to salt stress in all safflower tissues (roots, stem and leaves). CtFAD6 was insensitive to salt and was slightly induced in leaves only.
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31
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Garrido A, Conde A, De Vos RCH, Cunha A. The influence of light microclimate on the lipid profile and associated transcripts of photosynthetically active grape berry seeds. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1022379. [PMID: 36684778 PMCID: PMC9846335 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1022379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Lipids and oils determine the quality and industrial value of grape seeds. Studies with legume seeds demonstrated the influence of light on lipid metabolism and its association with seed photosynthesis. Grape berry seeds are photosynthetically active till mature stage, but mostly during the green stage and veraison. The objective of this work was to compare the lipid profiles of seeds from white grape berries (cv. Alvarinho) growing at two contrasting light microclimates in the canopy (low and high light, LL and HL respectively), previously reported to have distinct photosynthetic competences. Berries were collected at three developmental stages (green, veraison and mature) and from both microclimates, and the seeds were analyzed for their lipid profiles in an untargeted manner using liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry (LCMS). The seed lipid profiles differed greatly among berry developmental stages, and to a lesser extend between microclimates. The LL microclimate coincided with a higher relative levels of fatty acids specifically at mature stage, while the HL microclimate led to an up-regulation of ceramides at green stage and of triacylglycerols and glycerophospholipids at mature stage. The seed transcript levels of four key genes (VvACCase1, VvΔ9FAD, VvFAD6 and VvLOXO) involved in fatty acid metabolism were analyzed using real-time qPCR. The lipoxygenase gene (VvLOXO) was down- and up-regulated by HL, as compared to LL, in seeds at green and veraison stages, respectively. These results suggest that seed photosynthesis may play distinct roles during seed growth and development, possibly by fueling different lipid pathways: at green stage mainly towards the accumulation of membrane-bound lipid species that are essential for cell growth and maintenance of the photosynthetic machinery itself; and at veraison and mature stages mainly towards storage lipids that contribute to the final quality of the grape seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Garrido
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Artur Conde
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Ric C. H. De Vos
- Business Unit Bioscience, Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen University and Research (Wageningen-UR), Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Ana Cunha
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
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Saini R, Adhikary A, Juneja S, Kumar R, Singh I, Nayyar H, Kumar S. Drought priming triggers diverse metabolic adjustments and induces chilling tolerance in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 194:418-439. [PMID: 36493590 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) suffers from chilling stress at the reproductive stage (<15 °C) which leads to significant yield loss. This study presents a comprehensive plant response to drought priming and its effect on chilling tolerance during the reproductive stage in two chickpea cultivars PBG1 and PBG5. Lipidome profiling (Fatty acid methyl esters analysis), metabolome profiling (GC-MS based untargeted analysis), fatty acid desaturases and antioxidative gene expression (qRT-PCR) were analyzed to monitor physiological and biochemical events after priming during flowering, podding and seed filling stages. Drought priming alleviated membrane damage and chlorophyll degradation by increasing membrane unsaturated fatty acids (18:3) along with up-regulation of various fatty acid desaturases (CaFADs) genes and antioxidative machinery during flowering and improved seed yield in PBG5. PCA, HCA, and KEGG pathway analysis of 87 identified metabolites showed that metabolites were regulated differently in both cultivars under non-primed and primed conditions. The plant response was more apparent at flowering and podding stages which coincided with chilling temperature (<15 °C). Drought priming stimulated many important genes, especially FADs, antioxidative proteins and accumulation of key metabolites (proline and TCA intermediates) required for defense especially in PBG5. This explains that plant's response to drought priming not only depends on developmental stage, and temperature regime (<15 °C) but also on the genotypic-specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Saini
- Centre for Biosciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India
| | - Arindam Adhikary
- Centre for Biosciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India
| | - Sumandeep Juneja
- Centre for Biosciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India
| | - Rashpal Kumar
- Centre for Biosciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India
| | - Inderjit Singh
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agriculture University, Ludhiana, 141004, India
| | - Harsh Nayyar
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Centre for Biosciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India; Department of Botany, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India.
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33
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Dhaliwal LK, Angeles-Shim RB. Cell Membrane Features as Potential Breeding Targets to Improve Cold Germination Ability of Seeds. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11233400. [PMID: 36501439 PMCID: PMC9738148 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Cold stress breeding that focuses on the improvement of chilling tolerance at the germination stage is constrained by the complexities of the trait which involves integrated cellular, biochemical, hormonal and molecular responses. Biological membrane serves as the first line of plant defense under stress. Membranes receive cold stress signals and transduce them into intracellular responses. Low temperature stress, in particular, primarily and effectively affects the structure, composition and properties of cell membranes, which ultimately disturbs cellular homeostasis. Under cold stress, maintenance of membrane integrity through the alteration of membrane lipid composition is of prime importance to cope with the stress. This review describes the critical role of cell membranes in cold stress responses as well as the physiological and biochemical manifestations of cold stress in plants. The potential of cell membrane properties as breeding targets in developing strategies to improve cold germination ability is discussed using cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) as a model.
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Song J, Wang X, Huang L, Li Z, Ren H, Wang J. Genetic dissection of the soybean dwarf mutant dm with integrated genomic, transcriptomic and methylomic analyses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1017672. [PMID: 36479521 PMCID: PMC9721362 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1017672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Plant height affects crop production and breeding practices, while genetic control of dwarfism draws a broad interest of researchers. Dwarfism in soybean (Glycine max) is mainly unexplored. Here, we characterized a dwarf mutant dm screened from ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutated seeds of the soybean cultivar Zhongpin 661(ZP). Phenotypically, dm showed shorter and thinner stems, smaller leaves, and more nodes than ZP under greenhouse conditions. Genetically, whole-genome sequencing and comparison revealed that 210K variants of SNPs and InDel in ZP relative to the soybean reference genome Williams82, and EMS mutagenesis affected 636 genes with variants predicted to have a large impact on protein function in dm. Whole-genome methylation sequencing found 704 differentially methylated regions in dm. Further whole-genome RNA-Seq based transcriptomic comparison between ZP and dm leaves revealed 687 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 263 up-regulated and 424 down-regulated genes. Integrated omics analyses revealed 11 genes with both differential expressions and DNA variants, one gene with differential expression and differential methylation, and three genes with differential methylation and sequence variation, worthy of future investigation. Genes in cellulose, fatty acids, and energy-associated processes could be the key candidate genes for the dwarf phenotype. This study provides genetic clues for further understanding of the genetic control of dwarfism in soybean. The genetic resources could help to inbreed new cultivars with a desirable dwarf characteristic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Song
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- National Key Facility for Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI)/Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuewen Wang
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, AB, United States
| | - Lan Huang
- Department of Computer Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Zhongfeng Li
- National Key Facility for Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI)/Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Honglei Ren
- National Key Facility for Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI)/Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Soybean Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
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Zhao S, Sun J, Sun J, Zhang X, Zhao C, Pan J, Hou L, Tian R, Wang X. Insights into the Novel FAD2 Gene Regulating Oleic Acid Accumulation in Peanut Seeds with Different Maturity. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:2076. [PMID: 36360313 PMCID: PMC9691258 DOI: 10.3390/genes13112076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
AhFAD2 is a key enzyme catalyzing the conversion of oleic acid into linoleic acid. The high oleic acid characteristic of peanut mainly comes from the homozygous recessive mutation of AhFAD2A and AhFAD2B genes (aabb). However, even in high-oleic-acid varieties with the aabb genotype, the oleic acid content of seeds with different maturity varies significantly. Therefore, in addition to AhFAD2A and AhFAD2B, other FAD2 members or regulators may be involved in this process. Which FAD2 genes are involved in the regulatory processes associated with seed maturity is still unclear. In this study, four stable lines with different genotypes (AABB, aaBB, AAbb, and aabb) were used to analyze the contents of oleic acid and linoleic acid at different stages of seed development in peanut. Three new AhFAD2 genes (AhFAD2-7, AhFAD2-8, and AhFAD2-9) were cloned based on the whole-genome sequencing results of cultivated peanuts. All peanut FAD2 genes showed tissue preference in expression; however, only the expression level of AhFAD2-7 was positively correlated with the linoleic acid concentration in peanut seeds. These findings provide new insights into the regulation of oleic acid accumulation by maturity, and AhFAD2-7 plays an important role in the maturity dependent accumulation of oleic acid and linoleic acid in peanut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhen Zhao
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan 250100, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan 250100, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Jinbo Sun
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xiaoqian Zhang
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan 250100, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Chuanzhi Zhao
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Jiaowen Pan
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Lei Hou
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan 250100, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Ruizheng Tian
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xingjun Wang
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan 250100, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
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Nawade B, Kumar A, Maurya R, Subramani R, Yadav R, Singh K, Rangan P. Longer Duration of Active Oil Biosynthesis during Seed Development Is Crucial for High Oil Yield-Lessons from Genome-Wide In Silico Mining and RNA-Seq Validation in Sesame. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2980. [PMID: 36365434 PMCID: PMC9657858 DOI: 10.3390/plants11212980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sesame, one of the ancient oil crops, is an important oilseed due to its nutritionally rich seeds with high protein content. Genomic scale information for sesame has become available in the public databases in recent years. The genes and their families involved in oil biosynthesis in sesame are less studied than in other oilseed crops. Therefore, we retrieved a total of 69 genes and their translated amino acid sequences, associated with gene families linked to the oil biosynthetic pathway. Genome-wide in silico mining helped identify key regulatory genes for oil biosynthesis, though the findings require functional validation. Comparing sequences of the SiSAD (stearoyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP)-desaturase) coding genes with known SADs helped identify two SiSAD family members that may be palmitoyl-ACP-specific. Based on homology with lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase (LPAAT) sequences, an uncharacterized gene has been identified as SiLPAAT1. Identified key regulatory genes associated with high oil content were also validated using publicly available transcriptome datasets of genotypes contrasting for oil content at different developmental stages. Our study provides evidence that a longer duration of active oil biosynthesis is crucial for high oil accumulation during seed development. This underscores the importance of early onset of oil biosynthesis in developing seeds. Up-regulating, identified key regulatory genes of oil biosynthesis during early onset of seed development, should help increase oil yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhagwat Nawade
- Division of Genomic Resources, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, PUSA Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Division of Genomic Resources, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, PUSA Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Rasna Maurya
- Division of Genomic Resources, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, PUSA Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Rajkumar Subramani
- Division of Genomic Resources, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, PUSA Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Rashmi Yadav
- Division of Germplasm Evaluation, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, PUSA Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Kuldeep Singh
- Division of Genomic Resources, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, PUSA Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Parimalan Rangan
- Division of Genomic Resources, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, PUSA Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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Cerone M, Smith TK. Desaturases: Structural and mechanistic insights into the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids. IUBMB Life 2022; 74:1036-1051. [PMID: 36017969 PMCID: PMC9825965 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This review highlights the key role of fatty acid desaturases in the synthesis of naturally occurring, more common and not unsaturated fatty acids. The three major classes of fatty acid desaturases, such as acyl-lipid, acyl-acyl carrier protein and acyl-coenzyme A, are described in detail, with particular attention to the cellular localisation, the structure, the substrate and product specificity and the expression and regulation of desaturase genes. The review also gives an insight into the biocatalytic reaction of fatty acid desaturation by covering the general and more class-specific mechanistic studies around the synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids Finally, we conclude the review by looking at the numerous novel applications for desaturases in order to meet the very high demand for polyunsaturated fatty acids, taking into account the opportunity for the development of new, more efficient, easily reproducible, sustainable bioengineering advances in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Cerone
- Biomedical Sciences Research ComplexUniversity of St AndrewsSt AndrewsScotland
| | - Terry K. Smith
- Biomedical Sciences Research ComplexUniversity of St AndrewsSt AndrewsScotland
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Wu Y, Gao W, Li X, Sun S, Xu J, Shi X, Guo H. Regulatory mechanisms of fatty acids biosynthesis in Armeniaca sibirica seed kernel oil at different developmental stages. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14125. [PMID: 36213508 PMCID: PMC9541615 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Armeniaca sibirica seed kernel oil is rich in oleic acid and linoleic acid, thus holding potential value as a source of high-quality edible oils. However, some regulatory factors involved in fatty acids accumulation in A. sibirica seed kernels remain largely elusive. Thus, the aim of this study was to elucidate the regulatory mechanisms underlying fatty acids biosynthesis in A. sibirica developing seed kernels. Methods Seed kernels from six plants from a single A. sibirica clone were taken at five different developmental stages (days 30, 41, 52, 63, and 73 after anthesis). Fatty acid composition in seed kernel oil was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In addition, transcriptome analysis was conducted using second-generation sequencing (SGS) and single-molecule real-time sequencing (SMRT). Results Rapid accumulation of fatty acids occurred throughout the different stages of seed kernels development, with oleic acid and linoleic acid as the main fatty acids. A total of 10,024, 9,803, 6,004, 6,719 and 9,688 unigenes were matched in the Nt, Nr, KOG, GO and KEGG databases, respectively. In the category lipid metabolism, 228 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were annotated into 13 KEGG pathways. Specific unigenes encoding 12 key enzymes related to fatty acids biosynthesis were determined. Co-expression network analysis identified 11 transcription factors (TFs) and 13 long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) which putatively participate in the regulation of fatty acid biosynthesis. This study provides insights into the molecular regulatory mechanisms of fatty acids biosynthesis in A. sibirica developing seed kernels, and enabled the identification of novel candidate factors for future improvement of the production and quality of seed kernel oil by breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueliang Wu
- College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China,The Key Laboratory of Forest Tree Genetics, Breeding and Cultivation of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Wenya Gao
- College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China,The Key Laboratory of Forest Tree Genetics, Breeding and Cultivation of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xinli Li
- College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China,The Key Laboratory of Forest Tree Genetics, Breeding and Cultivation of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Shilin Sun
- College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China,The Key Laboratory of Forest Tree Genetics, Breeding and Cultivation of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jian Xu
- College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China,The Key Laboratory of Forest Tree Genetics, Breeding and Cultivation of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaoqiong Shi
- College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China,The Key Laboratory of Forest Tree Genetics, Breeding and Cultivation of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Huiyan Guo
- College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China,The Key Laboratory of Forest Tree Genetics, Breeding and Cultivation of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Wei H, Movahedi A, Xu S, Zhang Y, Liu G, Aghaei-Dargiri S, Ghaderi Zefrehei M, Zhu S, Yu C, Chen Y, Zhong F, Zhang J. Genome-Wide Characterization and Expression Analysis of Fatty acid Desaturase Gene Family in Poplar. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911109. [PMID: 36232411 PMCID: PMC9570219 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid desaturases (FADs) modulate carbon–carbon single bonds to form carbon–carbon double bonds in acyl chains, leading to unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) that have vital roles in plant growth and development and their response to environmental stresses. In this study, a total of 23 Populus trichocarpaFAD (PtFAD) candidates were identified from the poplar genome and clustered into seven clades, including FAB2, FAD2, FAD3/7/8, FAD5, FAD6, DSD, and SLD. The exon–intron compositions and conserved motifs of the PtFADs, clustered into the same clade, were considerably conserved. It was found that segmental duplication events are predominantly attributable to the PtFAD gene family expansion. Several hormone- and stress-responsive elements in the PtFAD promoters implied that the expression of the PtFAD members was complicatedly regulated. A gene expression pattern analysis revealed that some PtFAD mRNA levels were significantly induced by abiotic stress. An interaction proteins and gene ontology (GO) analysis indicated that the PtFADs are closely associated with the UFAs biosynthesis. In addition, the UFA contents in poplars were significantly changed under drought and salt stresses, especially the ratio of linoleic and linolenic acids. The integration of the PtFAD expression patterns and UFA contents showed that the abiotic stress-induced PtFAD3/7/8 members mediating the conversion of linoleic and linolenic acids play vital roles in response to osmotic stress. This study highlights the profiles and functions of the PtFADs and identifies some valuable genes for forest improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wei
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Ali Movahedi
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- College of Arts and Sciences, Arlington International University, Wilmington, DE 19804, USA
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (J.Z.)
| | - Songzhi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Guoyuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Soheila Aghaei-Dargiri
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas 7916193145, Iran
| | - Mostafa Ghaderi Zefrehei
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Yasouj University, Yasouj 7591874831, Iran
| | - Sheng Zhu
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Chunmei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Yanhong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Fei Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (J.Z.)
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Park ME, Kim HU. Applications and prospects of genome editing in plant fatty acid and triacylglycerol biosynthesis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:969844. [PMID: 36119569 PMCID: PMC9471015 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.969844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Triacylglycerol (TAG), which is a neutral lipid, has a structure in which three molecules of fatty acid (FA) are ester-bonded to one molecule of glycerol. TAG is important energy source for seed germination and seedling development in plants. Depending on the FA composition of the TAG, it is used as an edible oil or industrial material for cosmetics, soap, and lubricant. As the demand for plant oil is rising worldwide, either the type of FA must be changed or the total oil content of various plants must be increased. In this review, we discuss the regulation of FA metabolism by Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9, a recent genome-editing technology applicable to various plants. The development of plants with higher levels of oleic acid or lower levels of very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) in seeds are discussed. In addition, the current status of research on acyltransferases, phospholipases, TAG lipases, and TAG synthesis in vegetative tissues is described. Finally, strategies for the application of CRISPR/Cas9 in lipid metabolism studies are mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mid-Eum Park
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Uk Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering, Plant Engineering Research Institute, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
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41
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Pranneshraj V, Sangha MK, Djalovic I, Miladinovic J, Djanaguiraman M. Lipidomics-Assisted GWAS (lGWAS) Approach for Improving High-Temperature Stress Tolerance of Crops. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169389. [PMID: 36012660 PMCID: PMC9409476 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
High-temperature stress (HT) over crop productivity is an important environmental factor demanding more attention as recent global warming trends are alarming and pose a potential threat to crop production. According to the Sixth IPCC report, future years will have longer warm seasons and frequent heat waves. Thus, the need arises to develop HT-tolerant genotypes that can be used to breed high-yielding crops. Several physiological, biochemical, and molecular alterations are orchestrated in providing HT tolerance to a genotype. One mechanism to counter HT is overcoming high-temperature-induced membrane superfluidity and structural disorganizations. Several HT lipidomic studies on different genotypes have indicated the potential involvement of membrane lipid remodelling in providing HT tolerance. Advances in high-throughput analytical techniques such as tandem mass spectrometry have paved the way for large-scale identification and quantification of the enormously diverse lipid molecules in a single run. Physiological trait-based breeding has been employed so far to identify and select HT tolerant genotypes but has several disadvantages, such as the genotype-phenotype gap affecting the efficiency of identifying the underlying genetic association. Tolerant genotypes maintain a high photosynthetic rate, stable membranes, and membrane-associated mechanisms. In this context, studying the HT-induced membrane lipid remodelling, resultant of several up-/down-regulations of genes and post-translational modifications, will aid in identifying potential lipid biomarkers for HT tolerance/susceptibility. The identified lipid biomarkers (LIPIDOTYPE) can thus be considered an intermediate phenotype, bridging the gap between genotype–phenotype (genotype–LIPIDOTYPE–phenotype). Recent works integrating metabolomics with quantitative genetic studies such as GWAS (mGWAS) have provided close associations between genotype, metabolites, and stress-tolerant phenotypes. This review has been sculpted to provide a potential workflow that combines MS-based lipidomics and the robust GWAS (lipidomics assisted GWAS-lGWAS) to identify membrane lipid remodelling related genes and associations which can be used to develop HS tolerant genotypes with enhanced membrane thermostability (MTS) and heat stable photosynthesis (HP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Velumani Pranneshraj
- Department of Biochemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, India
| | - Manjeet Kaur Sangha
- Department of Biochemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, India
| | - Ivica Djalovic
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Maxim Gorki 30, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
- Correspondence: (I.D.); (M.D.)
| | - Jegor Miladinovic
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Maxim Gorki 30, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Maduraimuthu Djanaguiraman
- Department of Crop Physiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, India
- Correspondence: (I.D.); (M.D.)
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De-La-Cruz-Yoshiura S, Vidaurre-Ruiz J, Alcázar-Alay S, Encina-Zelada CR, Cabezas DM, Correa MJ, Repo-Carrasco-Valencia R. Sprouted Andean grains: an alternative for the development of nutritious and functional products. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2022.2083158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shigeki De-La-Cruz-Yoshiura
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación en Productos Derivados de Cultivos Andinos CIINCA, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima, Perú
| | - Julio Vidaurre-Ruiz
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación en Productos Derivados de Cultivos Andinos CIINCA, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima, Perú
- Departamento de Ingeniería de Alimentos y Productos Agropecuarios, Facultad de Industrias Alimentarias, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima, Perú
| | - Sylvia Alcázar-Alay
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación en Productos Derivados de Cultivos Andinos CIINCA, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima, Perú
| | - Christian R. Encina-Zelada
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación en Productos Derivados de Cultivos Andinos CIINCA, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima, Perú
- Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos y Productos Agropecuarios, Facultad de Industrias Alimentarias, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima, Perú
| | - Dario M. Cabezas
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación en Productos Derivados de Cultivos Andinos CIINCA, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima, Perú
- CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Jimena Correa
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación en Productos Derivados de Cultivos Andinos CIINCA, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima, Perú
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos (Facultad de Ciencias Exactas-UNLP, la Plata, Argentina
| | - Ritva Repo-Carrasco-Valencia
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación en Productos Derivados de Cultivos Andinos CIINCA, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima, Perú
- Departamento de Ingeniería de Alimentos y Productos Agropecuarios, Facultad de Industrias Alimentarias, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima, Perú
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Barnhart MH, McAssey EV, Dittmar EL, Burke JM. Transcriptomics of developing wild sunflower seeds from the extreme ends of a latitudinal gradient differing in seed oil composition. PLANT DIRECT 2022; 6:e423. [PMID: 35898559 PMCID: PMC9307388 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Seed oil composition, an important agronomic trait in cultivated sunflower, varies latitudinally across the native range of its wild progenitor. This pattern is thought to be driven by selection for a higher proportion of saturated fatty acids in southern populations compared with northern populations, likely due to the different temperatures experienced during seed germination. To investigate whether these differences in fatty acid composition between northern and southern populations correspond to transcriptional variation in the expression of genes involved in fatty acid metabolism, we sequenced RNA from developing seeds of sunflowers from Texas, USA, and Saskatchewan, Canada (the extreme ends of sunflower's latitudinal range) grown in a common garden. We found 4,741 genes to be differentially expressed between Texas and Canada, including several genes involved in lipid metabolism. Several differentially expressed lipid metabolism genes also colocalized with known oil quantitative trait loci (QTL). The genes producing stearoyl-ACP-desaturases (SAD) were of particular interest because of their known role in the conversion of fully saturated into unsaturated fatty acids. Two SAD genes were more highly expressed in seeds from Canadian populations, consistent with the observation of increased levels of unsaturated fatty acids in seeds from that region. We also constructed a gene co-expression network to investigate regional variation in network modules. The results of this analysis revealed regional differentiation for eight of 12 modules but no clear relationship with oil biosynthesis. Overall, the differential expression of SAD genes offers a partial explanation for the observed differences in seed oil composition between Texas and Canada, while the expression patterns of other metabolic genes suggest complex regulation of fatty acid production and usage across latitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max H. Barnhart
- Department of Plant BiologyUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
| | - Edward V. McAssey
- Department of Plant BiologyUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of Hawai'i at MānoaHonoluluHawaiiUSA
| | - Emily L. Dittmar
- Department of Plant BiologyUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
| | - John M. Burke
- Department of Plant BiologyUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
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Cappetta E, De Palma M, D’Alessandro R, Aiello A, Romano R, Graziani G, Ritieni A, Paolo D, Locatelli F, Sparvoli F, Docimo T, Tucci M. Development of a High Oleic Cardoon Cell Culture Platform by SAD Overexpression and RNAi-Mediated FAD2.2 Silencing. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:913374. [PMID: 35845700 PMCID: PMC9285897 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.913374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The development of effective tools for the sustainable supply of phyto-ingredients and natural substances with reduced environmental footprints can help mitigate the dramatic scenario of climate change. Plant cell cultures-based biorefineries can be a technological advancement to face this challenge and offer a potentially unlimited availability of natural substances, in a standardized composition and devoid of the seasonal variability of cultivated plants. Monounsaturated (MUFA) fatty acids are attracting considerable attention as supplements for biodegradable plastics, bio-additives for the cosmetic industry, and bio-lubricants. Cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L. var. altilis) callus cultures accumulate fatty acids and polyphenols and are therefore suitable for large-scale production of biochemicals and valuable compounds, as well as biofuel precursors. With the aim of boosting their potential uses, we designed a biotechnological approach to increase oleic acid content through Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated metabolic engineering. Bioinformatic data mining in the C. cardunculus transcriptome allowed the selection and molecular characterization of SAD (stearic acid desaturase) and FAD2.2 (fatty acid desaturase) genes, coding for key enzymes in oleic and linoleic acid formation, as targets for metabolic engineering. A total of 22 and 27 fast-growing independent CcSAD overexpressing (OE) and CcFAD2.2 RNAi knocked out (KO) transgenic lines were obtained. Further characterization of five independent transgenic lines for each construct demonstrated that, successfully, SAD overexpression increased linoleic acid content, e.g., to 42.5%, of the relative fatty acid content, in the CcSADOE6 line compared with 30.4% in the wild type (WT), whereas FAD2.2 silencing reduced linoleic acid in favor of the accumulation of its precursor, oleic acid, e.g., to almost 57% of the relative fatty acid content in the CcFAD2.2KO2 line with respect to 17.7% in the WT. Moreover, CcSADOE6 and CcFAD2.2KO2 were also characterized by a significant increase in total polyphenolic content up to about 4.7 and 4.1 mg/g DW as compared with 2.7 mg/g DW in the WT, mainly due to the accumulation of dicaffeoyl quinic and feruloyl quinic acids. These results pose the basis for the effective creation of an engineered cardoon cells-based biorefinery accumulating high levels of valuable compounds from primary and specialized metabolism to meet the industrial demand for renewable and sustainable sources of innovative bioproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Cappetta
- National Research Council, Institute of Bioscience and Bioresources, Portici, Italy
| | - Monica De Palma
- National Research Council, Institute of Bioscience and Bioresources, Portici, Italy
| | - Rosa D’Alessandro
- National Research Council, Institute of Bioscience and Bioresources, Portici, Italy
| | - Alessandra Aiello
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Raffaele Romano
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Giulia Graziani
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Alberto Ritieni
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Dario Paolo
- National Research Council, Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, Milan, Italy
| | - Franca Locatelli
- National Research Council, Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Sparvoli
- National Research Council, Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, Milan, Italy
| | - Teresa Docimo
- National Research Council, Institute of Bioscience and Bioresources, Portici, Italy
| | - Marina Tucci
- National Research Council, Institute of Bioscience and Bioresources, Portici, Italy
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Wallis JG, Bengtsson JD, Browse J. Molecular Approaches Reduce Saturates and Eliminate trans Fats in Food Oils. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:908608. [PMID: 35720592 PMCID: PMC9205222 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.908608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Vegetable oils composed of triacylglycerols (TAG) are a major source of calories in human diets. However, the fatty acid compositions of these oils are not ideal for human nutrition and the needs of the food industry. Saturated fatty acids contribute to health problems, while polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) can become rancid upon storage or processing. In this review, we first summarize the pathways of fatty acid metabolism and TAG synthesis and detail the problems with the oil compositions of major crops. Then we describe how transgenic expression of desaturases and downregulation of the plastid FatB thioesterase have provided the means to lower oil saturates. The traditional solution to PUFA rancidity uses industrial chemistry to reduce PUFA content by partial hydrogenation, but this results in the production of trans fats that are even more unhealthy than saturated fats. We detail the discoveries in the biochemistry and molecular genetics of oil synthesis that provided the knowledge and tools to lower oil PUFA content by blocking their synthesis during seed development. Finally, we describe the successes in breeding and biotechnology that are giving us new, high-oleic, low PUFA varieties of soybean, canola and other oilseed crops.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John Browse
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
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Wan Razali WA, Evans CA, Pandhal J. Comparative Proteomics Reveals Evidence of Enhanced EPA Trafficking in a Mutant Strain of Nannochloropsis oculata. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:838445. [PMID: 35646838 PMCID: PMC9134194 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.838445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The marine microalga Nannochloropsis oculata is a bioproducer of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), a fatty acid. EPA is incorporated into monogalactosyldiacylglycerol within N. oculata thylakoid membranes, and there is a biotechnological need to remodel EPA synthesis to maximize production and simplify downstream processing. In this study, random mutagenesis and chemical inhibitor-based selection method were devised to increase EPA production and accessibility for improved extraction. Ethyl methanesulfonate was used as the mutagen with selective pressure achieved by using two enzyme inhibitors of lipid metabolism: cerulenin and galvestine-1. Fatty acid methyl ester analysis of a selected fast-growing mutant strain had a higher percentage of EPA (37.5% of total fatty acids) than the wild-type strain (22.2% total fatty acids), with the highest EPA quantity recorded at 68.5 mg/g dry cell weight, while wild-type cells had 48.6 mg/g dry cell weight. Label-free quantitative proteomics for differential protein expression analysis revealed that the wild-type and mutant strains might have alternative channeling pathways for EPA synthesis. The mutant strain showed potentially improved photosynthetic efficiency, thus synthesizing a higher quantity of membrane lipids and EPA. The EPA synthesis pathways could also have deviated in the mutant, where fatty acid desaturase type 2 (13.7-fold upregulated) and lipid droplet surface protein (LDSP) (34.8-fold upregulated) were expressed significantly higher than in the wild-type strain. This study increases the understanding of EPA trafficking in N. oculata, leading to further strategies that can be implemented to enhance EPA synthesis in marine microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Aizuddin Wan Razali
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Fisheries and Food Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Caroline A Evans
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Jagroop Pandhal
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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Batcho AA, Nwogwugwu JO, Ali M, Jabbar B, Javaid A, Fellner M. Identification and characterisation of blue light photoreceptor gene family and their expression in tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum) under cold stress. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2022; 49:647-658. [PMID: 35437142 DOI: 10.1071/fp21297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The Arabidopsis thaliana L. photoreceptor genes homologues in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) genome were analysed using bioinformatic tools. The expression pattern of these genes under cold stress was also evaluated. Transcriptome analysis of the tomato sequence revealed that the photoreceptor gene family is involved in abiotic stress tolerance. They participate in various pathways and controlling multiple metabolic processes. They are structurally related to PAS, LIGHT-OXYGEN-VOLTAGE-SENSING (LOV), DNA photolyase, 5,10-methenyl tetrahydrofolate (MTHF), flavin-binding kelch F-box, GAF, PHY, Seven-bladed β-propeller and C27 domains. They also interact with flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), (5S)-5-methyl-2-(methylsulfanyl)-5-phenyl-3-(phenylamino)-3,5-dihydro-4H-imidazol-4-one (FNM) and Phytochromobilin (PϕB) ligands. These interactions help to create a cascade of protein phosphorylation involving in cell defence transcription or stress-regulated genes. They localisation of these gene families on tomato chromosomes appeared to be uneven. Phylogenetic tree of tomato and Arabidopsis photoreceptor gene family were classified into eight subgroups, indicating gene expression diversity. Morphological and physiological assessment revealed no dead plant after 4h of cold treatment. All the plants were found to be alive, but there were some variations in the data across different parameters. Cold stress significantly reduced the rate of photosynthesis from 10.06 to 3.16μmolm-2 s-1 , transpiration from 4.6 to 1.3mmolm-2 s-1 , and stomatal conductance from 94.6 to 25.6mmolm-2 s-1 . The cold stressed plants also had reduced height, root/shoot length, and fresh/dry biomass weight than the control plants. Relative expression analysis under cold stress revealed that after 4h, light stimulates the transcript level of Cry2 from 1.9 to 5.7 and PhyB from 0.98 to 6.9 compared to other photoreceptor genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agossa Anicet Batcho
- National University of Sciences, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (ENS-UNSTIM), Natitingou, Republic of Benin; and Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Palacký University, Šlechtitelu 27, Olomouc-Holice 783 71, Czech Republic
| | - Joy Oluchi Nwogwugwu
- Department of Forest Conservation and Protection, Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Mohsin Ali
- Independent Researcher, House No. 280 A/1 Sector F1 Mirpur 10250, AJK, Pakistan
| | - Basit Jabbar
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Javaid
- Independent Researcher, Askari 13, Rawalpandi 46604, Pakistan
| | - Martin Fellner
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Palacký University, Šlechtitelu 27, Olomouc-Holice 783 71, Czech Republic
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48
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Transcriptome and miRNA sequencing analyses reveal the regulatory mechanism of α-linolenic acid biosynthesis in Paeonia rockii. Food Res Int 2022; 155:111094. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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49
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Neelakandan AK, Wright DA, Traore SM, Chen X, Spalding MH, He G. CRISPR/Cas9 Based Site-Specific Modification of FAD2 cis-Regulatory Motifs in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L). Front Genet 2022; 13:849961. [PMID: 35571035 PMCID: PMC9091597 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.849961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) seed is a rich source of edible oil, comprised primarily of monounsaturated oleic acid and polyunsaturated linoleic acid, accounting for 80% of its fatty acid repertoire. The conversion of oleic acid to linoleic acid, catalyzed by Fatty Acid Desaturase 2 (FAD2) enzymes, is an important regulatory point linked to improved abiotic stress responses while the ratio of these components is a significant determinant of commercial oil quality. Specifically, oleic acid has better oxidative stability leading to longer shelf life and better taste qualities while also providing nutritional based health benefits. Naturally occurring FAD2 gene knockouts that lead to high oleic acid levels improve oil quality at the potential expense of plant health though. We undertook a CRISPR/Cas9 based site-specific genome modification approach designed to downregulate the expression of two homeologous FAD2 genes in seed while maintaining regulation in other plant tissues. Two cis-regulatory elements the RY repeat motif and 2S seed protein motif in the 5′UTR and associated intron of FAD2 genes are potentially important for regulating seed-specific gene expression. Using hairy root and stable germ line transformation, differential editing efficiencies were observed at both CREs when targeted by single gRNAs using two different gRNA scaffolds. The editing efficiencies also differed when two gRNAs were expressed simultaneously. Additionally, stably transformed seed exhibited an increase in oleic acid levels relative to wild type. Taken together, the results demonstrate the immense potential of CRISPR/Cas9 based approaches to achieve high frequency targeted edits in regulatory sequences for the generation of novel transcriptional alleles, which may lead to fine tuning of gene expression and functional genomic studies in peanut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjanasree K. Neelakandan
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - David A. Wright
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Sy M. Traore
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL, United States
| | - Xiangyu Chen
- Crops Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Martin H. Spalding
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Guohao He
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL, United States
- *Correspondence: Guohao He,
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50
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Iqbal T, Das D. Biochemical Investigation of Membrane-Bound Cytochrome b5 and the Catalytic Domain of Cytochrome b5 Reductase from Arabidopsis thaliana. Biochemistry 2022; 61:909-921. [PMID: 35475372 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.2c00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane of plant cells contains several enzymes responsible for the biosynthesis of a diverse range of molecules essential for plant growth and holds potential for industrial applications. Many of these enzymes are dependent on electron transfer proteins to sustain their catalytic cycles. In plants, two crucial ER-bound electron transfer proteins are cytochrome b5 and cytochrome b5 reductase, which catalyze the stepwise transfer of electrons from NADH to redox enzymes such as fatty acid desaturases, cytochrome P450s, and plant aldehyde decarbonylase. Despite the high significance of plant cytochrome b5 and cytochrome b5 reductase, they have eluded detailed characterization to date. Here, we overexpressed the full-length membrane-bound cytochrome b5 isoform B from the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana in Escherichia coli, purified the protein employing detergents as well as styrene-maleic acid (SMA) copolymers, and biochemically characterized the protein. The SMA-encapsulated cytochrome b5 exhibits a discoidal shape and the characteristic features of the active heme-bound state. We also overexpressed and purified the soluble domain of cytochrome b5 reductase from A. thaliana, establishing its activity, stability, and kinetic parameters. Further, we demonstrated that the plant cytochrome b5, purified in detergents and styrene maleic acid lipid particles (SMALPs), readily accepts electrons from the cognate plant cytochrome b5 reductase and distant electron mediators such as plant NADPH-cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase and cyanobacterial NADPH-ferredoxin reductase. We also measured the kinetic parameters of cytochrome b5 reductase for cytochrome b5. Our studies are the first to report the purification and detailed biochemical characterization of the plant cytochrome b5 and cytochrome b5 reductase from the bacterial overexpression system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabish Iqbal
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Debasis Das
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India
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