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Kaur R, Yadu B, Chauhan NS, Parihar AS, Keshavkant S. Nano zinc oxide mediated resuscitation of aged Cajanus cajan via modulating aquaporin, cell cycle regulatory genes and hormonal responses. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:110. [PMID: 38564104 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03202-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Nanoparticle pretreatment improved the health of aged Cajanus cajan seeds viz., regulation of redox status, gene expression, and restoration of hormonal homeostasis. Ageing deteriorates the quality of seeds by lowering their vigor and viability, and terminating with loss of germination. These days, nanotechnology has been seen to revolutionize the agricultural sectors, and particularly nano zinc oxide (nZnO) has gained considerable interests due to its distinctive properties. The aim of the present work was to decipher the possibilities of using nZnO to rejuvenate accelerated aged (AA) seeds of Cajanus cajan. Both chemically (CnZnO) and green (GnZnO; synthesized using Moringa oleifera) fabricated nZnOs were characterized via standard techniques to interpret their purity, size, and shape. Experimental results revealed erratic germination with a decline in viability and membrane stability as outcomes of reactive oxygen intermediate (ROI) buildup in AA seeds. Application of nZnO substantially rebated the accrual of ROI, along with enhanced production of antioxidants, α-amylase activity, total sugar, protein and DNA content. Higher level of zinc was assessed qualitatively/ histologically and quantitatively in nZnO pulsed AA seeds, supporting germination without inducing toxicity. Meantime, augmentation in the gibberellic acid with a simultaneous reduction in the abscisic acid level were noted in nZnO invigorated seeds than that determined in the AA seeds, suggesting possible involvement of ROI in hormonal signalling. Furthermore, nZnO-subjected AA seeds unveiled differential expression of aquaporins and cell cycle regulatory genes. Summarizing, among CnZnO and GnZnO, later one holds better potential for a revival of AA seeds of Cajanus cajan by providing considerable tolerance against ageing-associated deterioration via recouping the cellular redox homeostasis, hormonal signaling, and alteration in expression patterns of aquaporin and cell cycle regulatory genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasleen Kaur
- School of Studies in Biotechnology, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, 492 010, India
| | - Bhumika Yadu
- School of Life and Allied Science, ITM University, Raipur, 492 002, India
| | | | | | - S Keshavkant
- School of Studies in Biotechnology, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, 492 010, India.
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Sakouhi L, Hussaan M, Murata Y, Chaoui A. Role of calcium signaling in cadmium stress mitigation by indol-3-acetic acid and gibberellin in chickpea seedlings. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:16972-16985. [PMID: 38329668 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32327-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Given the adverse impacts of heavy metals on plant development and physiological processes, the present research investigated the protective role of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and gibberellic acid (GA3) against cadmium (Cd)-induced injury in chickpea seedlings. Therefore, seeds germinated for 6 days in a medium containing 200 μM Cd alone or combined with 10 μM GA3 or 10 μM IAA. Both GA3 and IAA mitigated Cd-imposed growth delays in roots and shoots (80% and 50% increase in root and shoot length, respectively). This beneficial effect was accompanied by a significant reduction in Cd2+ accumulation in both roots (74% for IAA and 38% for GA3) and shoots (68% and 35%, respectively). Furthermore, these phytohormones restored the cellular redox state by reducing the activity of NADPH oxidase and downregulating the transcription level of RbohF and RbohD genes. Likewise, hydrogen peroxide contents were reduced by GA3 and IAA supply. Additionally, GA3 and IAA countered the Cd-induced reduction in total phenols, flavonoids, and reducing sugars in both roots and shoots. The exogenous effectors enhanced the activities of catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and thioredoxin, as well as the corresponding gene expressions. Interestingly, adding GA3 and IAA to the Cd-contaminated germination media corrected the level of calcium (Ca2+) ion within seedling tissues. This effect coincided with the upregulation of key genes associated with stress sensing and signal transduction, including auxin-binding protein (ABP19a), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK2), calcium-dependent protein kinase (CDPK1), and calmodulin (CaM). Overall, the current results suggest that GA3 and IAA sustain the Ca2+ signaling pathway, resulting in metal phytotoxicity relief. Amendment of agricultural soils contaminated with heavy metals with GA3 or IAA could represent an effective practice to improve crop yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamia Sakouhi
- University of Carthage, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, LR18ES38 Plant Toxicology and Environmental Microbiology, 7021, Bizerte, Tunisia.
| | - Muhammad Hussaan
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Yoshiyuki Murata
- Graduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Abdelilah Chaoui
- University of Carthage, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, LR18ES38 Plant Toxicology and Environmental Microbiology, 7021, Bizerte, Tunisia
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Li Y, Yang J, Zhou J, Wan X, Liu J, Wang S, Ma X, Guo L, Luo Z. Multi-omics revealed molecular mechanism of biphenyl phytoalexin formation in response to yeast extract-induced oxidative stress in Sorbus aucuparia suspension cells. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:62. [PMID: 38336832 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03155-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Yeast extract-induced oxidative stress in Sorbus aucuparia suspension cells leads to the biosynthesis of various hormones, which activates specific signaling pathways that augments biphenyl phytoalexin production. Pathogen incursions pose a significant threat to crop yield and can have a pronounced effect on agricultural productivity and food security. Biphenyl phytoalexins are a specialized group of secondary metabolites that are mainly biosynthesized by Pyrinae plants as a defense mechanism against various pathogens. Despite previous research demonstrating that biphenyl phytoalexin production increased dramatically in Sorbus aucuparia suspension cells (SASCs) treated with yeast extract (YE), the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. To address this gap, we conducted an in-depth, multi-omics analysis of transcriptome, proteome, and metabolite (including biphenyl phytoalexins and phytohormones) dynamics in SASCs exposed to YE. Our results indicated that exposure to YE-induced oxidative stress in SASCs, leading to the biosynthesis of a range of hormones, including jasmonic acid (JA), jasmonic acid isoleucine (JA-ILE), gibberellin A4 (GA4), indole-3-carboxylic acid (ICA), and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). These hormones activated specific signaling pathways that promoted phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and augmented biphenyl phytoalexin production. Moreover, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated during this process also acted as signaling molecules, amplifying the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis cascade through activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Key genes involved in these signaling pathways included SaBIS1, SaBIS2, SaBIS3, SaPAL, SaB4H, SaOMT, SaUGT1, SaLOX2, SaPR1, SaCHIB1, SaCHIB2 and SaCHIB3. Collectively, this study provided intensive insights into biphenyl phytoalexin accumulation in YE-treated SASCs, which would inform the development of more efficient disease-resistance strategies in economically significant cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Cultivation of Herb Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100700, People's Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy/School of Modern Chinese Medicine Industry, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Cultivation of Herb Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100700, People's Republic of China
| | - Junhui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Cultivation of Herb Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100700, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiufu Wan
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Cultivation of Herb Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100700, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Cultivation of Herb Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100700, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Cultivation of Herb Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100700, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojing Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Cultivation of Herb Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100700, People's Republic of China
| | - Lanping Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Cultivation of Herb Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100700, People's Republic of China.
- School of Pharmacy/School of Modern Chinese Medicine Industry, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhiqiang Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Cultivation of Herb Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100700, People's Republic of China.
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Ganesan VS, Paramathevar N. Utilising calcined eggshell waste as a multifunctional sustainable agent as a nano-adsorbent, photocatalyst and priming elicitor. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:12112-12130. [PMID: 38227257 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31777-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Since waste-to-value approach and having potential benefits in several applications, eggshell-derived calcium oxide (ECaO) produced from eggshells is attracting attention in the recent research. ECaO nanoparticles (NPs) were investigated here for its dual purpose in cleaning wastewater and as a nanopriming agent, since catalysts have an impact on seedlings even after being dumped in the soil. The initial comparison was between the adsorption capacities of naturally occurring ECaO and chemically synthesised CaO (CCaO), demonstrating that ECaO NPs had a higher adsorption capacity due to its greater porosity. Congo Red utilises ECaO NPs for both adsorption and photodegradation. Adsorption equilibrium was achieved with 93.4% in just 6 min, but photocatalysis requires 120 min to break down 95% of Congo Red, which is reduced to 45 min in sono-photocatalysis. Second, the priming impact of ECaO NPs on germination was investigated using monocot and dicot seeds. In contrast to phytotoxic effects at higher loadings, 50 mg/l of ECaO NPs demonstrated quicker floral development, stronger seedling growth and higher chlorophyll content.
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Chen J, Jin Z, Xiang L, Chen Y, Zhang J, Zhao J, Huang F, Shi Y, Cheng F, Pan G. Ethanol suppresses rice seed germination through inhibiting ROS signaling. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 291:154123. [PMID: 37907025 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2023.154123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Ethanol is frequently used not only as priming but also as a solvent to dissolve hardly water-soluble phytohormones gibberellic acid (GA3) and abscisic acid (ABA) in seed germination. However, the molecular and physiological mechanisms of ethanol's impact on seed germination remain elusive. In this report, we investigated how ethanol affected reactive oxygen species (ROS) during rice seed germination. Ethanol at a concentration of 3.5% (v/v) inhibited 90% seed germination, which was almost reversed by H2O2. H2O2 contents in embryos were reduced by ethanol after 18 h imbibition. Antioxidant enzymes assays revealed that only superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in seed embryos were lowered by ethanol, in line with the suppressed mRNA expression of SOD genes during imbibition. Additionally, compared to the mock condition, ethanol increased ABA contents but decreased GA (GA1 and GA3) in seed embryos, resulting in disharmonizing GA/ABA balance. Conceivably ethanol induced transcription of OsNCEDs, the key genes for ABA biosynthesis, and OsABA8ox3, a key gene for ABA catabolism. Furthermore, ethanol promoted ABA signaling by upregulating ABA receptor genes and ABA-responsive element (ABRE)-binding protein/ABRE-binding factors during imbibition. Overall, our results demonstrate that lowering of H2O2 levels due to suppressed SOD activities in rice germinating seed embryos is the decisive factor for ethanol-induced inhibition of seed germination, and GA/ABA balance and ABA signaling also play important roles in ethanol's inhibitory impact on seed germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiameng Chen
- Department of Agronomy, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Zeyan Jin
- Department of Agronomy, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Longyi Xiang
- Department of Agronomy, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Yanyan Chen
- Department of Agronomy, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Agronomy, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Jiayi Zhao
- Department of Agronomy, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Fudeng Huang
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, PR China
| | - Yongfeng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, PR China
| | - Fangmin Cheng
- Department of Agronomy, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Gang Pan
- Department of Agronomy, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China.
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Nelson SK, Kanno Y, Seo M, Steber CM. Seed dormancy loss from dry after-ripening is associated with increasing gibberellin hormone levels in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1145414. [PMID: 37275251 PMCID: PMC10232786 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1145414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction The seeds of many plants are dormant and unable to germinate at maturity, but gain the ability to germinate through after-ripening during dry storage. The hormone abscisic acid (ABA) stimulates seed dormancy, whereas gibberellin A (GA) stimulates dormancy loss and germination. Methods To determine whether dry after-ripening alters the potential to accumulate ABA and GA, hormone levels were measured during an after-ripening time course in dry and imbibing ungerminated seeds of wildtype Landsberg erecta (Ler) and of the highly dormant GA-insensitive mutant sleepy1-2 (sly1-2). Results The elevated sly1-2 dormancy was associated with lower rather than higher ABA levels. Ler germination increased with 2-4 weeks of after-ripening whereas sly1-2 required 21 months to after-ripen. Increasing germination capacity with after-ripening was associated with increasing GA4 levels in imbibing sly1-2 and wild-type Ler seeds. During the same 12 hr imbibition period, after-ripening also resulted in increased ABA levels. Discussion The decreased ABA levels with after-ripening in other studies occurred later in imbibition, just before germination. This suggests a model where GA acts first, stimulating germination before ABA levels decline, and ABA acts as the final checkpoint preventing germination until processes essential to survival, like DNA repair and activation of respiration, are completed. Overexpression of the GA receptor GID1b (GA INSENSITIVE DWARF1b) was associated with increased germination of sly1-2 but decreased germination of wildtype Ler. This reduction of Ler germination was not associated with increased ABA levels. Apparently, GID1b is a positive regulator of germination in one context, but a negative regulator in the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven K. Nelson
- Molecular Plant Sciences Program, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
- Plant and Data Science, Heliponix, LLC, Evansville, IN, United States
| | - Yuri Kanno
- Dormancy and Adaptation Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Seo
- Dormancy and Adaptation Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Camille M. Steber
- Molecular Plant Sciences Program, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
- Wheat Health, Genetics, and Quality Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Pullman, WA, United States
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
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Pagano A, Macovei A, Balestrazzi A. Molecular dynamics of seed priming at the crossroads between basic and applied research. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2023; 42:657-688. [PMID: 36780009 PMCID: PMC9924218 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-023-02988-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The potential of seed priming is still not fully exploited. Our limited knowledge of the molecular dynamics of seed pre-germinative metabolism is the main hindrance to more effective new-generation techniques. Climate change and other recent global crises are disrupting food security. To cope with the current demand for increased food, feed, and biofuel production, while preserving sustainability, continuous technological innovation should be provided to the agri-food sector. Seed priming, a pre-sowing technique used to increase seed vigor, has become a valuable tool due to its potential to enhance germination and stress resilience under changing environments. Successful priming protocols result from the ability to properly act on the seed pre-germinative metabolism and stimulate events that are crucial for seed quality. However, the technique still requires constant optimization, and researchers are committed to addressing some key open questions to overcome such drawbacks. In this review, an update of the current scientific and technical knowledge related to seed priming is provided. The rehydration-dehydration cycle associated with priming treatments can be described in terms of metabolic pathways that are triggered, modulated, or turned off, depending on the seed physiological stage. Understanding the ways seed priming affects, either positively or negatively, such metabolic pathways and impacts gene expression and protein/metabolite accumulation/depletion represents an essential step toward the identification of novel seed quality hallmarks. The need to expand the basic knowledge on the molecular mechanisms ruling the seed response to priming is underlined along with the strong potential of applied research on primed seeds as a source of seed quality hallmarks. This route will hasten the implementation of seed priming techniques needed to support sustainable agriculture systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pagano
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology 'L. Spallanzani', Via Ferrata 1, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Anca Macovei
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology 'L. Spallanzani', Via Ferrata 1, 27100, Pavia, Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), 90133, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alma Balestrazzi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology 'L. Spallanzani', Via Ferrata 1, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), 90133, Palermo, Italy.
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Dey A, Bhattacharjee S. Imbibitional redox and hormonal priming revealed regulation of oxidative window as a key factor for progression of germination of indica rice cultivars. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 29:471-493. [PMID: 37187771 PMCID: PMC10172514 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-023-01303-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
In the present investigation we have manipulated seeds of two indica rice cultivars, differing in sensitivity towards salinity stress (Oryza sativa L. cv. IR29 and Pokkali), with different combination of germination influencing hormones and redox modulating agents [500 µM Gibberellic acid (GA) + 20 mM H2O2, 500 µM GA + 100 µM Diphenyleneiodonium chloride (DPI), 500 µM GA + 500 µM N,N-dimethylthiourea (DMTU), 30 µM Triadimefon (TDM) + 100 µM DPI, 30 µM TDM + 500 µM DMTU] during early imbibition for exploring significance of regulation of oxidative window during germination. Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-antioxidant (AOX) interaction dynamics, assessed through redox metabolic fingerprints revealed significant changes in oxidative window of germinating tissue under redox and hormonal priming. GA (500 µM) + H2O2 (20 mM) priming formed favorable redox cue and opened the oxidative window for germination, whereas GA (500 µM) + DPI (100 µM), GA (500 µM) + DMTU (500 µM) and TDM (30 µM) + DPI (100 µM) combination failed to generate redox cue for opening the oxidative window at metabolic interface. Assessment of transcript abundance of genes of enzymes of central redox hub (RBOH-SOD-ASC-GSH/CAT pathway) further confirmed the transcriptional reprogramming of genes (Osrboh, OsSodCc2, OsCatA, OsAPx2, OsGRase) necessary for antioxidant-coupled origin of redox cue for germination. Assessment of pool of gibberellic acid, abscisic acid and jasmonic acid revealed a close connection between the hormonal homeostasis and internal redox cue. Role of oxidative window generated during metabolic reactivation phase for successful progression of germination is suggested. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-023-01303-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Dey
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, UGC Centre for Advanced Study, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, 713104 West Bengal India
| | - Soumen Bhattacharjee
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, UGC Centre for Advanced Study, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, 713104 West Bengal India
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Li J, Li M, Wang W, Wang D, Hu Y, Zhang Y, Zhang X. Morphological and physiological mechanism of cytoplasmic inheritance stigma exsertion trait expression in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 326:111528. [PMID: 36332767 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Stigma exsertion is an essential outcrossing trait that can improve hybrid seed production efficiencies. In this study, the morphological and physiological mechanisms of cytoplasmic inheritance stigma exsertion trait expression in a tobacco line (MSK326SE) which generated from a stigma exsertion tobacco mutant through continuous backcross were investigated. Compared with its homonuclear-heteroplasmic lines (MSK326 and K326 with inserted stigmas), the exserted stigma phenotype of MSK326SE was mainly caused by corolla shortening, while was stable under different environmental temperature. The different responses of mainly endogenous hormones and expression of cell division- and expansion-related genes caused the differences in cell division and expansion in different flower organs, which further determined the lengths of the corolla. Furthermore, the significant decrease of MSK326SE corolla epidermal cell size caused corolla shortening and finally resulting in stigma exsertion. Exogenous JA could shorten the corolla and more effective increased stigma exsertion degree of MSK326SE, suggesting a potential relationship between stigma exsertion and high JA levels during early bud development. The hybrid seed production efficiency could be improved in tobacco. Our results provide a basis for elucidating the cytoplasmic inheritance stigma exsertion trait expression in tobacco while helping to improve hybrid seed production efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juxu Li
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Man Li
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Weimin Wang
- China Tobacco Zhejiang Industrial Co., Ltd, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Henan Provincial Branch of China National Tobacco Corporation, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yuwei Hu
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yunyun Zhang
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xiaoquan Zhang
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
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Mardani Korrani F, Amooaghaie R, Ahadi A. He-Ne Laser Enhances Seed Germination and Salt Acclimation in Salvia officinalis Seedlings in a Manner Dependent on Phytochrome and H 2O 2. PROTOPLASMA 2023; 260:103-116. [PMID: 35471709 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-022-01762-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In the current study the role of H2O2 in He-Ne laser-induced effects on seed germination and post-germinative performance of Salvia officinalis seedlings was assessed under both non-stress and saline conditions. Salinity had adverse impacts on seed germination and root length and decreased seed germination tolerance index. Seed priming with H2O2 and He-Ne laser impacted the seed germination and vigoration in a dose-dependent manner. The optimal effects were gathered by energy dose of 6 J/cm2 laser and concentration of 5 mM H2O2. These pre-treatments enhanced seed germination due to increasing contents of total soluble and reducing sugars and the amylase activity in seeds and improved seedling performance under saline and non-saline conditions. Furthermore, Phy B transcripts were upregulated, salt-accrued oxidative stress was mitigated, and the activities of POD and CAT increased in seedlings primed with H2O2 and laser. Interestingly, applying diphenyleneiodonium (DPI as an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase activity) and N, N-dimethyl thiourea (DMTU as a H2O2 scavenger) arrested the upregulation of phy B gene and abolished stimulatory impact of laser priming on the aforementioned attributes under both non-stress and saline conditions. These novel findings suggest that H2O2 as a downstream signal modulates the impacts of He-Ne laser on seed germination, seedling performance and salt acclimation in sage seedlings, and likely phy B also is involved in these responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rayhaneh Amooaghaie
- Plant Science Department, Science Faculty, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Alimohammad Ahadi
- Genetic Department, Science Faculty, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
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Grainge G, Nakabayashi K, Iza F, Leubner-Metzger G, Steinbrecher T. Gas-Plasma-Activated Water Impact on Photo-Dependent Dormancy Mechanisms in Nicotiana tabacum Seeds. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:6709. [PMID: 35743152 PMCID: PMC9223463 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Seeds sense temperature, nutrient levels and light conditions to inform decision making on the timing of germination. Limited light availability for photoblastic species results in irregular germination timing and losses of population germination percentage. Seed industries are therefore looking for interventions to mitigate this risk. A growing area of research is water treated with gas plasma (GPAW), in which the formed solution is a complex consisting of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Gas plasma technology is widely used for sterilisation and is an emerging technology in the food processing industry. The use of the GPAW on seeds has previously led to an increase in germination performance, often attributed to bolstered antioxidant defence mechanisms. However, there is a limited understanding of how the solution may influence the mechanisms that govern seed dormancy and whether photoreceptor-driven germination mechanisms are affected. In our work, we studied how GPAW can influence the mechanisms that govern photo-dependent dormancy, isolating the effects at low fluence response (LFR) and very low fluence response (VLFR). The two defined light intensity thresholds affect germination through different phytochrome photoreceptors, PHYB and PHYA, respectively; we found that GPAW showed a significant increase in population germination percentage under VLFR and further described how each treatment affects key physiological regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giles Grainge
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK; (G.G.); (K.N.); (G.L.-M.)
| | - Kazumi Nakabayashi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK; (G.G.); (K.N.); (G.L.-M.)
| | - Felipe Iza
- Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK;
- Division of Advanced Nuclear Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Gerhard Leubner-Metzger
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK; (G.G.); (K.N.); (G.L.-M.)
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences and Faculty of Science, Palacký University, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Tina Steinbrecher
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK; (G.G.); (K.N.); (G.L.-M.)
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Binodh AK, Thankappan S, Ravichandran A, Mitra D, Alagarsamy S, Panneerselvam P, Senapati A, Sami R, Al-Mushhin AAM, Aljahani AH, Alyamani A, Alqurashi M. Synergistic Modulation of Seed Metabolites and Enzymatic Antioxidants Tweaks Moisture Stress Tolerance in Non-Cultivated Traditional Rice Genotypes during Germination. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11060775. [PMID: 35336657 PMCID: PMC8955497 DOI: 10.3390/plants11060775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Traditional rice landraces are treasures for novel genes to develop climate-resilient cultivars. Seed viability and germination determine rice productivity under moisture stress. The present study evaluated 100 rice genotypes, including 85 traditional landraces and 15 improved cultivars from various agro-ecological zones of Tamil Nadu, along with moisture-stress-susceptible (IR 64) and moisture-stress-tolerant (IR 64 Drt1) checks. The landraces were screened over a range of osmotic potentials, namely (−) 1.0 MPa, (−) 1.25 MPa and (−) 1.5 MPa, for a period of 5 days in PEG-induced moisture stress. Physio-morphological traits, such as rate of germination, root and shoot length, vigor index, R/S ratio and relative water content (RWC), were assessed during early moisture stress at the maximum OP of (−) 1.5 MPa. The seed macromolecules, phytohormones (giberellic acid, auxin (IAA), cytokinin and abscisic acid), osmolytes and enzymatic antioxidants (catalase and superoxide dismutase) varied significantly between moisture stress and control treatments. The genotype Kuliyadichan registered more IAA and giberellic acid (44% and 35%, respectively, over moisture-stress-tolerant check (IR 64 Drt1), whereas all the landraces showed an elevated catalase activity, thus indicating that the tolerant landraces effectively eliminate oxidative damages. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis showed a reduction in cytokinin and an increase in ABA level under induced moisture stress. Hence, the inherent moisture-stress tolerance of six traditional landraces, such as Kuliyadichan, Rajalakshmi, Sahbhagi Dhan, Nootripathu, Chandaikar and Mallikar, was associated with metabolic responses, such as activation of hydrolytic enzymes, hormonal crosstalk, ROS signaling and antioxidant enzymes (especially catalase), when compared to the susceptible check, IR 64. Hence, these traditional rice landraces can serve as potential donors for introgression or pyramiding moisture-stress-tolerance traits toward developing climate-resilient rice cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asish Kanakaraj Binodh
- Centre for Plant Breeding and Genetics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, India
- Correspondence: (A.K.B.); (P.P.); (R.S.)
| | - Sugitha Thankappan
- School of Agriculture and Biosciences, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Karunya Nagar, Coimbatore 641114, India;
| | - Anupriya Ravichandran
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Agricultural College & Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Killikulam 628252, India;
| | - Debasis Mitra
- Crop Production Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 753006, India; (D.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Senthil Alagarsamy
- Department of Crop Physiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, India;
| | - Periyasamy Panneerselvam
- Crop Production Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 753006, India; (D.M.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence: (A.K.B.); (P.P.); (R.S.)
| | - Ansuman Senapati
- Crop Production Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 753006, India; (D.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Rokayya Sami
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (A.K.B.); (P.P.); (R.S.)
| | - Amina A. M. Al-Mushhin
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Amani H. Aljahani
- Department of Physical Sport Science, College of Education, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Amal Alyamani
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Mohammed Alqurashi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (M.A.)
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13
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Li W, Niu Y, Zheng Y, Wang Z. Advances in the Understanding of Reactive Oxygen Species-Dependent Regulation on Seed Dormancy, Germination, and Deterioration in Crops. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:826809. [PMID: 35283906 PMCID: PMC8905223 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.826809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an essential role in the regulation of seed dormancy, germination, and deterioration in plants. The low level of ROS as signaling particles promotes dormancy release and triggers seed germination. Excessive ROS accumulation causes seed deterioration during seed storage. Maintaining ROS homeostasis plays a central role in the regulation of seed dormancy, germination, and deterioration in crops. This study highlights the current advances in the regulation of ROS homeostasis in dry and hydrated seeds of crops. The research progress in the crosstalk between ROS and hormones involved in the regulation of seed dormancy and germination in crops is mainly summarized. The current understandings of ROS-induced seed deterioration are reviewed. These understandings of ROS-dependent regulation on seed dormancy, germination, and deterioration contribute to the improvement of seed quality of crops in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Li
- The Laboratory of Seed Science and Technology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongzhi Niu
- Yuxi Zhongyan Tobacco Seed Co., Ltd., Yuxi, China
| | - Yunye Zheng
- Yuxi Zhongyan Tobacco Seed Co., Ltd., Yuxi, China
| | - Zhoufei Wang
- The Laboratory of Seed Science and Technology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Ding Y, Zhang K, Yin Y, Wu J. D319 induced antifungal effects through ROS-mediated apoptosis and inhibited isocitrate lyase in Candida albicans. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2022; 1866:130050. [PMID: 34800580 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2021.130050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Candida albicans (C. albicans) is an opportunistic pathogen that can cause superficial and life-threatening systemic infections in immunocompromised patients. However, the available clinically antifungals are limited. Therefore, the development of effective antifungal agents and therapies is urgently needed. Quinoline type of compounds were reported to possess potent anti-fungal effect. A series of quinoline derivatives were synthesized. Moreover their inhibitory activities and mechanisms on C. albicans were evaluated in this study. METHODS The structure of D319 was identified by extensive spectroscopic analysis. The antifungal activity of D319 on C. albicans was evaluated using conventional methods, including the inhibition zone diameters with filter paper, Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) broth microdilution method in vitro, and in a murine model in vivo. Flow cytometry, fluorescence microscopy, western blot, knockout mutant and revertant strain techniques, and molecular modeling were applied to explore the mechanism of action of D319 in anti-Candida. RESULTS D319 exhibited potent anti-Candida activity with Minimum Inhibitory Concentration value of 2.5 μg/mL in vitro. D319 significantly improved survival rate and reduced fungal burden compared to vehicle control in a murine model in vivo. The treatment of C. albicans with D319 resulted in fungal apoptosis through reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in C. albicans. Furthermore, D319 inhibited the glyoxylate enzyme isocitrate lyase (ICL) of C. albicans, which was also confirmed by docking analysis. CONCLUSIONS Quinoline compound D319 exhibited strong anti-Candida activities in vitro and in vivo models through inhibiting ICL activity and ROS accumulation in C. albicans. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This study showed that compound D319 as a novel isocitrate lyase inhibitor, would be a promising anti-Candida lead compound, which provided a potential application of this type of compounds in fighting clinical fungal infections. Furthermore, this study also supported ICL as a potential target for anti-Candida drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjiao Ding
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Jinan 250022, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Jinan 250022, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yiqiang Yin
- Department of Pathology, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Jinan 250022, Shandong, PR China
| | - Jiyong Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Jinan 250022, Shandong, PR China.
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15
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Campos MD, Campos C, Nogales A, Cardoso H. Carrot AOX2a Transcript Profile Responds to Growth and Chilling Exposure. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10112369. [PMID: 34834732 PMCID: PMC8625938 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Alternative oxidase (AOX) is a key enzyme of the alternative respiration, known to be involved in plant development and in response to various stresses. To verify the role of DcAOX1 and DcAOX2a genes in carrot tap root growth and in response to cold stress, their expression was analyzed in two experiments: during root growth for 13 weeks and in response to a cold challenge trial of 7 days, in both cases using different carrot cultivars. Carrot root growth is initially characterized by an increase in length, followed by a strong increase in weight. DcAOX2a presented the highest expression levels during the initial stages of root growth for all cultivars, but DcAOX1 showed no particular trend in expression. Cold stress had a negative impact on root growth, and generally up-regulated DcAOX2a with no consistent effect on DcAOX1. The identification of cis-acting regulatory elements (CAREs) located at the promoters of both genes showed putative sequences involved in cold stress responsiveness, as well as growth. However, DcAOX2a promoter presented more CAREs related to hormonal pathways, including abscisic acid and gibberellins synthesis, than DcAOX1. These results point to a dual role of DcAOX2a on carrot tap root secondary growth and cold stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Doroteia Campos
- MED—Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal; (C.C.); (A.N.)
| | - Catarina Campos
- MED—Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal; (C.C.); (A.N.)
| | - Amaia Nogales
- MED—Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal; (C.C.); (A.N.)
- LEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Hélia Cardoso
- MED—Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal; (C.C.); (A.N.)
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16
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Srivastava AK, Suresh Kumar J, Suprasanna P. Seed 'primeomics': plants memorize their germination under stress. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 96:1723-1743. [PMID: 33961327 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Seed priming is a pre-germination treatment administered through various chemical, physical and biological agents, which induce mild stress during the early phases of germination. Priming facilitates synchronized seed germination, better seedling establishment, improved plant growth and enhanced yield, especially in stressful environments. In parallel, the phenomenon of 'stress memory' in which exposure to a sub-lethal stress leads to better responses to future or recurring lethal stresses has gained widespread attention in recent years. The versatility and realistic yield gains associated with seed priming and its connection with stress memory make a critical examination useful for the design of robust approaches for maximizing future yield gains. Herein, a literature review identified selenium, salicylic acid, poly-ethylene glycol, CaCl2 and thiourea as the seed priming agents (SPRs) for which the most studies have been carried out. The average priming duration for SPRs generally ranged from 2 to 48 h, i.e. during phase I/II of germination. The major signalling events for regulating early seed germination, including the DOG1 (delay of germination 1)-abscisic acid (ABA)-heme regulatory module, ABA-gibberellic acid antagonism and nucleus-organelle communication are detailed. We propose that both seed priming and stress memory invoke a 'bet-hedging' strategy in plants, wherein their growth under optimal conditions is compromised in exchange for better growth under stressful conditions. The molecular basis of stress memory is explained at the level of chromatin reorganization, alternative transcript splicing, metabolite accumulation and autophagy. This provides a useful framework to study similar mechanisms operating during seed priming. In addition, we highlight the potential for merging findings on seed priming with those of stress memory, with the dual benefit of advancing fundamental research and boosting crop productivity. Finally, a roadmap for future work, entailing identification of SPR-responsive varieties and the development of dual/multiple-benefit SPRs, is proposed for enhancing SPR-mediated agricultural productivity worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Kumar Srivastava
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Jisha Suresh Kumar
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Penna Suprasanna
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
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17
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Medina E, Kim SH, Yun M, Choi WG. Recapitulation of the Function and Role of ROS Generated in Response to Heat Stress in Plants. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10020371. [PMID: 33671904 PMCID: PMC7918971 DOI: 10.3390/plants10020371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In natural ecosystems, plants are constantly exposed to changes in their surroundings as they grow, caused by a lifestyle that requires them to live where their seeds fall. Thus, plants strive to adapt and respond to changes in their exposed environment that change every moment. Heat stress that naturally occurs when plants grow in the summer or a tropical area adversely affects plants' growth and poses a risk to plant development. When plants are subjected to heat stress, they recognize heat stress and respond using highly complex intracellular signaling systems such as reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS was previously considered a byproduct that impairs plant growth. However, in recent studies, ROS gained attention for its function as a signaling molecule when plants respond to environmental stresses such as heat stress. In particular, ROS, produced in response to heat stress in various plant cell compartments such as mitochondria and chloroplasts, plays a crucial role as a signaling molecule that promotes plant growth and triggers subsequent downstream reactions. Therefore, this review aims to address the latest research trends and understandings, focusing on the function and role of ROS in responding and adapting plants to heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Medina
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA; (E.M.); (S.-H.K.)
| | - Su-Hwa Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA; (E.M.); (S.-H.K.)
| | - Miriam Yun
- Biology and Psychology Department, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA;
| | - Won-Gyu Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA; (E.M.); (S.-H.K.)
- Correspondence:
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18
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Wang X, Liu H, Siddique KHM, Yan G. Transcriptomic profiling of wheat near-isogenic lines reveals candidate genes on chromosome 3A for pre-harvest sprouting resistance. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:53. [PMID: 33478384 PMCID: PMC7818928 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-02824-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) in wheat can cause severe damage to both grain yield and quality. Resistance to PHS is a quantitative trait controlled by many genes located across all 21 wheat chromosomes. The study targeted a large-effect quantitative trait locus (QTL) QPhs.ccsu-3A.1 for PHS resistance using several sets previously developed near-isogenic lines (NILs). Two pairs of NILs with highly significant phenotypic differences between the isolines were examined by RNA sequencing for their transcriptomic profiles on developing seeds at 15, 25 and 35 days after pollination (DAP) to identify candidate genes underlying the QTL and elucidate gene effects on PHS resistance. At each DAP, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the isolines were investigated. RESULTS Gene ontology and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses of key DEGs suggested that six candidate genes underlie QPhs.ccsu-3A.1 responsible for PHS resistance in wheat. Candidate gene expression was further validated by quantitative RT-PCR. Within the targeted QTL interval, 16 genetic variants including five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 11 indels showed consistent polymorphism between resistant and susceptible isolines. CONCLUSIONS The targeted QTL is confirmed to harbor core genes related to hormone signaling pathways that can be exploited as a key genomic region for marker-assisted selection. The candidate genes and SNP/indel markers detected in this study are valuable resources for understanding the mechanism of PHS resistance and for marker-assisted breeding of the trait in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyi Wang
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Hui Liu
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia.
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia.
| | - Kadambot H M Siddique
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Guijun Yan
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia.
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia.
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Zhao L, Song Z, Wang B, Gao Y, Shi J, Sui X, Chen X, Zhang Y, Li Y. R2R3-MYB Transcription Factor NtMYB330 Regulates Proanthocyanidin Biosynthesis and Seed Germination in Tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:819247. [PMID: 35111187 PMCID: PMC8801704 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.819247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins (PAs) are important phenolic compounds and PA biosynthesis is regulated by a ternary MBW complex consisting of a R2R3-MYB regulator, a bHLH factor and a WDR protein. In this study, a tobacco R2R3-MYB factor NtMYB330 was characterized as the PA-specific regulator in which the PA biosynthesis was promoted in the flowers of NtMYB330-overexpressing lines while decreased in the flowers of ntmyb330 mutants. NtMYB330 can interact with flavonoid-related bHLH partner NtAn1b and WDR protein NtAn11-1, and the NtMYB330-NtAn1b complex is required to achieve strong transcriptional activation of the PA-related structural genes NtDFR1, NtANS1, NtLAR1 and NtANR1. Our data reveal that NtMYB330 regulates PA biosynthesis in seeds and affects seed germination, in which NtMYB330-overexpressing lines showed higher PA accumulations in seed coats and inhibited germination, while ntmyb330 mutants had reduced seed coat PAs and improved germination. NtMYB330 affects seed germination possibly through two mechanisms: modulating seed coat PAs to affect coat-imposed dormancy. In addition, NtMYB330 regulates the expressions of abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellin acid (GA) signaling-related genes, affecting ABA-GA crosstalk and seed germination. This study reveals that NtMYB330 specifically regulates PA biosynthesis via formation of the MBW complex in tobacco flowers and affects germination through adjustment of PA concentrations and ABA/GA signaling in tobacco seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biotechnological Breeding, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
- National Tobacco Genetic Engineering Research Center, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Lu Zhao,
| | - Zhongbang Song
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biotechnological Breeding, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
- National Tobacco Genetic Engineering Research Center, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Bingwu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biotechnological Breeding, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
- National Tobacco Genetic Engineering Research Center, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Yulong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biotechnological Breeding, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
- National Tobacco Genetic Engineering Research Center, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Junli Shi
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biotechnological Breeding, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
- National Tobacco Genetic Engineering Research Center, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Xueyi Sui
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biotechnological Breeding, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
- National Tobacco Genetic Engineering Research Center, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Xuejun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biotechnological Breeding, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
- National Tobacco Genetic Engineering Research Center, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Yihan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biotechnological Breeding, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
- National Tobacco Genetic Engineering Research Center, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Yongping Li
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biotechnological Breeding, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
- National Tobacco Genetic Engineering Research Center, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
- Yongping Li,
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20
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Nazir F, Fariduddin Q, Khan TA. Hydrogen peroxide as a signalling molecule in plants and its crosstalk with other plant growth regulators under heavy metal stress. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 252:126486. [PMID: 32234629 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) acts as a significant regulatory component interrelated with signal transduction in plants. The positive role of H2O2 in plants subjected to myriad of abiotic factors has led us to comprehend that it is not only a free radical, generated as a product of oxidative stress, but also helpful in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis in crop plants. Studies over the last two centuries has indicated that H2O2 is a key molecule which regulate photosynthesis, stomatal movement, pollen growth, fruit and flower development and leaf senescence. Exogenously-sourced H2O2 at nanomolar levels functions as a signalling molecule, facilitates seed germination, chlorophyll content, stomatal opening, and delays senescence, while at elevated levels, it triggers oxidative burst to organic molecules, which could lead to cell death. Furthermore, H2O2 is also known to interplay synergistically or antagonistically with other plant growth regulators such as auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, abscisic acid, jasmonic acid, ethylene and salicylic acid, nitric oxide and Ca2+ (as signalling molecules), and brassinosteroids (steroidal PGRs) under myriad of environmental stresses and thus, mediate plant growth and development and reactions to abiotic factors. The purpose of this review is to specify accessible knowledge on the role and dynamic mechanisms of H2O2 in mediating growth responses and plant resilience to HM stresses, and its crosstalk with other significant PGRs in controlling various processes. More recently, signal transduction by mitogen activated protein kinases and other transcription factors which attenuate HM stresses in plants have also been dissected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faroza Nazir
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Section, Department of Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Qazi Fariduddin
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Section, Department of Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India.
| | - Tanveer Alam Khan
- Department of Plant Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Corrensstraße 3, D-06466, Gatersleben, Germany
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21
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The signalling role of ROS in the regulation of seed germination and dormancy. Biochem J 2020; 476:3019-3032. [PMID: 31657442 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are versatile compounds which can have toxic or signalling effects in a wide range living organisms, including seeds. They have been reported to play a pivotal role in the regulation of seed germination and dormancy but their mechanisms of action are still far from being fully understood. In this review, we sum-up the major findings that have been carried out this last decade in this field of research and which altogether shed a new light on the signalling roles of ROS in seed physiology. ROS participate in dormancy release during seed dry storage through the direct oxidation of a subset of biomolecules. During seed imbibition, the controlled generation of ROS is involved in the perception and transduction of environmental conditions that control germination. When these conditions are permissive for germination, ROS levels are maintained at a level which triggers cellular events associated with germination, such as hormone signalling. Here we propose that the spatiotemporal regulation of ROS production acts in concert with hormone signalling to regulate the cellular events involved in cell expansion associated with germination.
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22
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Ramírez V, Munive JA, Cortes L, Muñoz-Rojas J, Portillo R, Baez A. Long-Chain Hydrocarbons (C21, C24, and C31) Released by Bacillus sp. MH778713 Break Dormancy of Mesquite Seeds Subjected to Chromium Stress. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:741. [PMID: 32425908 PMCID: PMC7212387 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by rhizobacteria have been proven to stimulate plant growth during germination and seedling stages. However, the modulating effect of bacterial volatiles on the germination of seeds subjected to heavy metal stress is scarcely studied. In this work, the ability of volatiles released by Bacillus sp. MH778713 to induce seed dormancy breakage in Prosopis laevigata and Arabidopsis thaliana seeds were examined. The minimal inhibitory concentration of chromium (Cr) VI that prevents seed germination of P. laevigata and A. thaliana on water-Cr-agar plates was 2500 and 100 mg L–1, respectively. Remarkably, partitioned Petri-dish co-cultivation of Bacillus sp. MH778713 and plant seeds under Cr-stress showed the beneficial effect of volatiles emitted by Bacillus sp. MH778713, helping plant seeds to overcome Cr-stress. Among the metabolites emitted by Bacillus sp. MH778713, octadecane, heneicosane, 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol, hexadecane, eicosane, octacosane, and tetratriacontane were the most abundant. To confirm that these long-chain compounds produced by Bacillus sp. MH778713 could be responsible for the seed dormancy breakage, high pure organic compounds (2,4-di-tert-butylphenol, heneicosane, hentriacontane, and tetracosane) were used directly in germination assays of P. laevigata and A. thaliana seeds instead of volatiles emitted by Bacillus sp. MH778713. All organic compounds allowed Prosopis and Arabidopsis seeds to overcome Cr-toxicity and germinate. The results of this study provide new insight into the role of long-chain bacterial compounds produced by Bacillus sp. MH778713 as triggers of seed abiotic stress tolerance, surmounting chromium stress and stimulating seedling development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Ramírez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - José-Antonio Munive
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Luis Cortes
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Jesús Muñoz-Rojas
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Roberto Portillo
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Antonino Baez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
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23
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Kataria S, Jain M, Tripathi DK, Singh VP. Involvement of nitrate reductase-dependent nitric oxide production in magnetopriming-induced salt tolerance in soybean. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2020; 168:422-436. [PMID: 31600405 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, experiments were performed to investigate the role of nitric oxide (NO) in magnetopriming-induced seed germination and early growth characteristics of soybean (Glycine max) seedlings under salt stress. The NO donor (sodium nitroprusside, SNP), NO scavenger (2-[4-carboxyphenyl]-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide, CPTIO), inhibitors of nitrate reductase (sodium tungstate, ST) or NO synthase (N-nitro-L-Arg-methyl ester, LNAME) and NADPH oxidase inhibitor (diphenylene iodonium, DPI) have been used to measure the role of NO in the alleviation of salinity stress by static magnetic field (SMF of 200 mT, 1 h). Salt stress (50 mM NaCl) significantly reduced germination and early growth of seedlings emerged from non-primed seeds. Pre-treatment of seeds with SMF positively stimulated the germination and consequently promoted the seedling growth. ST, LNAME, CPTIO and DPI significantly decreased the growth of seedling, activities of α-amylase, protease and nitrate reductase (NR), hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ), superoxide (O2 •- ) and NO content in roots of seedlings emerged from non-primed and SMF-primed seeds. However, the extent of reduction was higher with ST in seedlings of SMF-primed seeds under both conditions, whereas SNP promoted all the studied parameters. Moreover, the generation of NO was also confirmed microscopically using a membrane permanent fluorochrome (4-5-diaminofluorescein diacetate [DAF-2 DA]). Further, analysis showed that SMF enhanced the NR activity and triggered the NO production and NR was maximally decreased by ST as compared to LNAME, CPTIO and DPI. Thus, in addition to ROS, NO might be one of the important signaling molecules in magnetopriming-induced salt tolerance in soybean and NR may be responsible for SMF-triggered NO generation in roots of soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunita Kataria
- School of Biochemistry, Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya, Khandwa Road, Indore, M.P, 452001, India
| | - Meeta Jain
- School of Biochemistry, Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya, Khandwa Road, Indore, M.P, 452001, India
| | - Durgesh K Tripathi
- Amity Institute of Organic Agriculture, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, I 2 Block, 5th Floor, AUUP Campus Sector 125, Noida, 201313, India
| | - Vijay P Singh
- Plant Physiology Lab, Department of Botany, C.M.P. Degree College, A Constituent Post Graduate College of University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211002, India
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24
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Huybrechts M, Cuypers A, Deckers J, Iven V, Vandionant S, Jozefczak M, Hendrix S. Cadmium and Plant Development: An Agony from Seed to Seed. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20163971. [PMID: 31443183 PMCID: PMC6718997 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20163971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic pollution of agricultural soils with cadmium (Cd) should receive adequate attention as Cd accumulation in crops endangers human health. When Cd is present in the soil, plants are exposed to it throughout their entire life cycle. As it is a non-essential element, no specific Cd uptake mechanisms are present. Therefore, Cd enters the plant through transporters for essential elements and consequently disturbs plant growth and development. In this review, we will focus on the effects of Cd on the most important events of a plant's life cycle covering seed germination, the vegetative phase and the reproduction phase. Within the vegetative phase, the disturbance of the cell cycle by Cd is highlighted with special emphasis on endoreduplication, DNA damage and its relation to cell death. Furthermore, we will discuss the cell wall as an important structure in retaining Cd and the ability of plants to actively modify the cell wall to increase Cd tolerance. As Cd is known to affect concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and phytohormones, special emphasis is put on the involvement of these compounds in plant developmental processes. Lastly, possible future research areas are put forward and a general conclusion is drawn, revealing that Cd is agonizing for all stages of plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel Huybrechts
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Ann Cuypers
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Jana Deckers
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Verena Iven
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Stéphanie Vandionant
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Marijke Jozefczak
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Sophie Hendrix
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
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25
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Zdunek-Zastocka E, Grabowska A. The interplay of PsABAUGT1 with other abscisic acid metabolic genes in the regulation of ABA homeostasis during the development of pea seeds and germination in the presence of H 2O 2. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 285:79-90. [PMID: 31203896 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Inactivation of abscisic acid (ABA) in vitro may be catalyzed either by ABA 8'-hydroxylase (ABA8'OH) or by ABA uridine diphosphate glucosyltransferase (ABAUGT), which conjugates ABA with glucose. However, the involvement of these enzymes in the control of ABA content in vivo, especially ABAUGT, has not been fully elucidated. In pea seeds, both PsABAUGT1 and PsABA8'OH1 contribute to the reduction of ABA content during seed maturation and imbibition; however, during the first hours of imbibition, a high expression of only PsABAUGT1 was observed. Imbibition of seeds with H2O2 increased the ABA content despite the oxygen availability and altered the expression of metabolic genes. The expression of the biosynthetic gene 9-cis-epoxycarotene dioxygenase (PsNCED2) was increased, while that of PsABAUGT1 was decreased in each H2O2 experiment despite O2 availability. Under hypoxia, only seeds imbibed with H2O2 germinated, while under nonlimiting oxygen conditions, the germination rate was not altered by H2O2. Under hypoxia, the germination rate of H2O2-imbibed seeds seemed to not depend on the absolute ABA content and rather on the balance between ABA and gibberellins (GA), as H2O2 increased the expression of GA synthesis genes. Overexpression of PsABAUGT1 in Arabidopsis decreases seed ABA content, accelerates germination and reduces seed sensitivity to exogenously applied ABA, confirming the ability of PsABAUGT1 to inactivate ABA. Thus, PsABAUGT1 is a new player in the regulation of ABA content in maturating and imbibed pea seeds, both under standard conditions and in response to H2O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Zdunek-Zastocka
- Department of Biochemistry, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Grabowska
- Department of Biochemistry, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
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