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Malambane G, Madumane K, Sewelo LT, Batlang U. Drought stress tolerance mechanisms and their potential common indicators to salinity, insights from the wild watermelon (Citrullus lanatus): A review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1074395. [PMID: 36815012 PMCID: PMC9939662 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1074395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Climate change has escalated the effect of drought on crop production as it has negatively altered the environmental condition. Wild watermelon grows abundantly in the Kgalagadi desert even though the environment is characterized by minimal rainfall, high temperatures and intense sunshine during growing season. This area is also characterized by sandy soils with low water holding capacity, thus bringing about drought stress. Drought stress affects crop productivity through its effects on development and physiological functions as dictated by molecular responses. Not only one or two physiological process or genes are responsible for drought tolerance, but a combination of various factors do work together to aid crop tolerance mechanism. Various studies have shown that wild watermelon possess superior qualities that aid its survival in unfavorable conditions. These mechanisms include resilient root growth, timely stomatal closure, chlorophyll fluorescence quenching under water deficit as key physiological responses. At biochemical and molecular level, the crop responds through citrulline accumulation and expression of genes associated with drought tolerance in this species and other plants. Previous salinity stress studies involving other plants have identified citrulline accumulation and expression of some of these genes (chloroplast APX, Type-2 metallothionein), to be associated with tolerance. Emerging evidence indicates that the upstream of functional genes are the transcription factor that regulates drought and salinity stress responses as well as adaptation. In this review we discuss the drought tolerance mechanisms in watermelons and some of its common indicators to salinity at physiological, biochemical and molecular level.
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Soltabayeva A, Dauletova N, Serik S, Sandybek M, Omondi JO, Kurmanbayeva A, Srivastava S. Receptor-like Kinases (LRR-RLKs) in Response of Plants to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11192660. [PMID: 36235526 PMCID: PMC9572924 DOI: 10.3390/plants11192660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Plants live under different biotic and abiotic stress conditions, and, to cope with the adversity and severity, plants have well-developed resistance mechanisms. The mechanism starts with perception of the stimuli followed by molecular, biochemical, and physiological adaptive measures. The family of LRR-RLKs (leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinases) is one such group that perceives biotic and abiotic stimuli and also plays important roles in different biological processes of development. This has been mostly studied in the model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana, and to some extent in other plants, such as Solanum lycopersicum, Nicotiana benthamiana, Brassica napus, Oryza sativa, Triticum aestivum, Hordeum vulgare, Brachypodium distachyon, Medicago truncatula, Gossypium barbadense, Phaseolus vulgaris, Solanum tuberosum, and Malus robusta. Most LRR-RLKs tend to form different combinations of LRR-RLKs-complexes (dimer, trimer, and tetramers), and some of them were observed as important receptors in immune responses, cell death, and plant development processes. However, less is known about the function(s) of LRR-RLKs in response to abiotic and biotic stresses. Here, we give recent updates about LRR-RLK receptors, specifically focusing on their involvement in biotic and abiotic stresses in the model plant, A. thaliana. Furthermore, the recent studies on LRR-RLKs that are homologous in other plants is also reviewed in relation to their role in triggering stress response processes against biotic and abiotic stimuli and/or in exploring their additional function(s). Furthermore, we present the interactions and combinations among LRR-RLK receptors that have been confirmed through experiments. Moreover, based on GENEINVESTIGATOR microarray database analysis, we predict some potential LRR-RLK genes involved in certain biotic and abiotic stresses whose function and mechanism may be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aigerim Soltabayeva
- Biology Department, School of Science and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
- Correspondence:
| | - Nurbanu Dauletova
- Biology Department, School of Science and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Symbat Serik
- Biology Department, School of Science and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Margulan Sandybek
- Biology Department, School of Science and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - John Okoth Omondi
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Lilongwe P.O. Box 30258, Malawi
| | - Assylay Kurmanbayeva
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Sudhakar Srivastava
- NCS-TCP, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi 110067, India
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Wang P. Statistical Identification of Important Nodes in Biological Systems. JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS SCIENCE AND COMPLEXITY 2021; 34:1454-1470. [PMID: 34393461 PMCID: PMC8353063 DOI: 10.1007/s11424-020-0013-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biological systems can be modeled and described by biological networks. Biological networks are typical complex networks with widely real-world applications. Many problems arising in biological systems can be boiled down to the identification of important nodes. For example, biomedical researchers frequently need to identify important genes that potentially leaded to disease phenotypes in animal and explore crucial genes that were responsible for stress responsiveness in plants. To facilitate the identification of important nodes in biological systems, one needs to know network structures or behavioral data of nodes (such as gene expression data). If network topology was known, various centrality measures can be developed to solve the problem; while if only behavioral data of nodes were given, some sophisticated statistical methods can be employed. This paper reviewed some of the recent works on statistical identification of important nodes in biological systems from three aspects, that is, 1) in general complex networks based on complex networks theory and epidemic dynamic models; 2) in biological networks based on network motifs; and 3) in plants based on RNA-seq data. The identification of important nodes in a complex system can be seen as a mapping from the system to the ranking score vector of nodes, such mapping is not necessarily with explicit form. The three aspects reflected three typical approaches on ranking nodes in biological systems and can be integrated into one general framework. This paper also proposed some challenges and future works on the related topics. The associated investigations have potential real-world applications in the control of biological systems, network medicine and new variety cultivation of crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Wang
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Institute of Applied Mathematics, Laboratory of Data Analysis Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004 China
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Zhang J, Yue L, Wu X, Liu H, Wang W. Function of Small Peptides During Male-Female Crosstalk in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:671196. [PMID: 33968121 PMCID: PMC8102694 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.671196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Plant peptides secreted as signal molecular to trigger cell-to-cell signaling are indispensable for plant growth and development. Successful sexual reproduction in plants requires extensive communication between male and female gametophytes, their gametes, and with the surrounding sporophytic tissues. In the past decade, it has been well-documented that small peptides participate in many important reproductive processes such as self-incompatibility, pollen tube growth, pollen tube guidance, and gamete interaction. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the peptides regulating the processes of male-female crosstalk in plant, aiming at systematizing the knowledge on the sexual reproduction, and signaling of plant peptides in future.
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Wang P. Statistical Identification of Important Nodes in Biological Systems. JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS SCIENCE AND COMPLEXITY 2021:1-17. [PMID: 33456274 PMCID: PMC7801784 DOI: 10.1007/s11424-021-0001-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Biological systems can be modeled and described by biological networks. Biological networks are typical complex networks with widely real-world applications. Many problems arising in biological systems can be boiled down to the identification of important nodes. For example, biomedical researchers frequently need to identify important genes that potentially leaded to disease phenotypes in animal and explore crucial genes that were responsible for stress responsiveness in plants. To facilitate the identification of important nodes in biological systems, one needs to know network structures or behavioral data of nodes (such as gene expression data). If network topology was known, various centrality measures can be developed to solve the problem; while if only behavioral data of nodes were given, some sophisticated statistical methods can be employed. This paper reviewed some of the recent works on statistical identification of important nodes in biological systems from three aspects, that is, 1) in general complex networks based on complex networks theory and epidemic dynamic models; 2) in biological networks based on network motifs; and 3) in plants based on RNA-seq data. The identification of important nodes in a complex system can be seen as a mapping from the system to the ranking score vector of nodes, such mapping is not necessarily with explicit form. The three aspects reflected three typical approaches on ranking nodes in biological systems and can be integrated into one general framework. This paper also proposed some challenges and future works on the related topics. The associated investigations have potential real-world applications in the control of biological systems, network medicine and new variety cultivation of crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Wang
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Institute of Applied Mathematics, Laboratory of Data Analysis Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004 China
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6
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Libao C, Yuyan H, Minrong Z, Xiaoyong X, Zhiguang S, Chunfei W, Shuyan L, Zhubing H. Gene expression profiling reveals the effects of light on adventitious root formation in lotus seedlings (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.). BMC Genomics 2020; 21:707. [PMID: 33045982 PMCID: PMC7552355 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07098-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lotus is an aquatic horticultural crop that is widely cultivated in most regions of China and is used as an important off-season vegetable. The principal root of lotus is degenerated, and adventitious roots (ARs) are irreplaceable for plant growth. We found that no ARs formed under darkness and that exposure to high-intensity light significantly promoted the development of root primordia. Four differential expression libraries based on three light intensities were constructed to monitor metabolic changes, especially in indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and sugar metabolism. RESULTS AR formation was significantly affected by light, and high light intensity accelerated AR development. Metabolic changes during AR formation under different light intensities were evaluated using gene expression profiling by high-throughput tag-sequencing. More than 2.2 × 104 genes were obtained in each library; the expression level of most genes was between 0.01 and 100 (FPKF value). Libraries constructed from plants grown under darkness (D/CK), under 5000 lx (E/CK), and under 20,000 lx (F/CK) contained 1739, 1683, and 1462 upregulated genes and 1533, 995, and 834 downregulated genes, respectively, when compared to those in the initial state (CK). Additionally, we found that 1454 and 478 genes had altered expression in a comparison of libraries D/CK and F/CK. Gene transcription between libraries D/F ranged from a 5-fold decrease to a 5-fold increase. Twenty differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were involved in the signal transduction pathway, 28 DEGs were related to the IAA response, and 35 DEGs were involved in sugar metabolism. We observed that the IAA content was enhanced after seed germination, even in darkness; this was responsible for AR formation. We also observed that sucrose could eliminate the negative effect of 150 μMol IAA during AR development. CONCLUSIONS AR formation was regulated by IAA, even in the dark, where induction and developmental processes could also be completed. In addition, 36 genes displayed altered expression in carbohydrate metabolism and ucrose metabolism was involved in AR development (expressed stage) according to gene expression and content change characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Libao
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Han Yuyan
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Zhao Minrong
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Xu Xiaoyong
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Shen Zhiguang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004 China
| | - Wang Chunfei
- Henghui Food Co., Ltd of Yancheng, Kaifeng, 224700 China
| | - Li Shuyan
- College of Guangling, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Hu Zhubing
- Henghui Food Co., Ltd of Yancheng, Kaifeng, 224700 China
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Libao C, Minrong Z, Zhubing H, Huiying L, Shuyan L. Comparative transcriptome analysis revealed the cooperative regulation of sucrose and IAA on adventitious root formation in lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn). BMC Genomics 2020; 21:653. [PMID: 32967611 PMCID: PMC7510093 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07046-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In China, lotus is an important cultivated crop with multiple applications in ornaments, food, and environmental purification. Adventitious roots (ARs), a secondary root is necessary for the uptake of nutrition and water as the lotus principle root is underdeveloped. Therefore, AR formation in seedlings is very important for lotus breeding due to its effect on plant early growth. As lotus ARs formation was significantly affected by sucrose treatment, we analyzed the expression of genes and miRNAs upon treatment with differential concentrations of sucrose, and a crosstalk between sucrose and IAA was also identified. Results Notably, 20 mg/L sucrose promoted the ARs development, whereas 60 mg/L sucrose inhibited the formation of ARs. To investigate the regulatory pathway during ARs formation, the expression of genes and miRNAs was evaluated by high-throughput tag-sequencing. We observed that the expression of 5438, 5184, and 5345 genes was enhanced in the GL20/CK0, GL60/CK0, and CK1/CK0 libraries, respectively. Further, the expression of 73, 78, and 71 miRNAs was upregulated in the ZT20/MCK0, ZT60/MCK0, and MCK1/MCK0 libraries, respectively. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis revealed that most of the differentially expressed genes and miRNAs in the GL20/GL60 and ZT20/ZT60 libraries were involved in signal transduction. A large number of these genes (29) and miRNAs (53) were associated with plant hormone metabolism. We observed an association between five miRNAs (miR160, miR156a-5p, miR397-5p_1, miR396a and miR167d) and nine genes (auxin response factor, protein brassinosteroid insensitive 1, laccase, and peroxidase 27) in the ZT20/ ZT60 libraries during ARs formation. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to validate the high-throughput tag-sequencing data. Conclusions We found that the expression of many critical genes involved in IAA synthesis and IAA transport was changed after treatment with various concentration of sucrose. Based on the change of these genes expression, IAA and sucrose content, we concluded that sucrose and IAA cooperatively regulated ARs formation. Sucrose affected ARs formation by improving IAA content at induction stage, and increased sucrose content might be also required for ARs development according to the changes tendency after application of exogenous IAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Libao
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China.
| | - Zhao Minrong
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Hu Zhubing
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Liu Huiying
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Li Shuyan
- College of Guangling, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China.
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Eller CB, Rowland L, Mencuccini M, Rosas T, Williams K, Harper A, Medlyn BE, Wagner Y, Klein T, Teodoro GS, Oliveira RS, Matos IS, Rosado BHP, Fuchs K, Wohlfahrt G, Montagnani L, Meir P, Sitch S, Cox PM. Stomatal optimization based on xylem hydraulics (SOX) improves land surface model simulation of vegetation responses to climate. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 226:1622-1637. [PMID: 31916258 PMCID: PMC7318565 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Land surface models (LSMs) typically use empirical functions to represent vegetation responses to soil drought. These functions largely neglect recent advances in plant ecophysiology that link xylem hydraulic functioning with stomatal responses to climate. We developed an analytical stomatal optimization model based on xylem hydraulics (SOX) to predict plant responses to drought. Coupling SOX to the Joint UK Land Environment Simulator (JULES) LSM, we conducted a global evaluation of SOX against leaf- and ecosystem-level observations. SOX simulates leaf stomatal conductance responses to climate for woody plants more accurately and parsimoniously than the existing JULES stomatal conductance model. An ecosystem-level evaluation at 70 eddy flux sites shows that SOX decreases the sensitivity of gross primary productivity (GPP) to soil moisture, which improves the model agreement with observations and increases the predicted annual GPP by 30% in relation to JULES. SOX decreases JULES root-mean-square error in GPP by up to 45% in evergreen tropical forests, and can simulate realistic patterns of canopy water potential and soil water dynamics at the studied sites. SOX provides a parsimonious way to incorporate recent advances in plant hydraulics and optimality theory into LSMs, and an alternative to empirical stress factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleiton B. Eller
- College of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of ExeterExeterEX4 4QFUK
- Department of Plant BiologyUniversity of CampinasCampinas13083‐862Brazil
| | - Lucy Rowland
- College of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of ExeterExeterEX4 4QFUK
| | - Maurizio Mencuccini
- CREAFBellaterra08193BarcelonaSpain
- ICREAPg. Lluís Companys 2308010BarcelonaSpain
| | - Teresa Rosas
- CREAFBellaterra08193BarcelonaSpain
- ICREAPg. Lluís Companys 2308010BarcelonaSpain
| | | | - Anna Harper
- College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical SciencesUniversity of ExeterExeterEX4 4QFUK
| | - Belinda E. Medlyn
- Hawkesbury Institute for the EnvironmentWestern Sydney UniversityLocked Bag 1797PenrithNSW2751Australia
| | - Yael Wagner
- Department of Plant & Environmental SciencesWeizmann Institute of Science76100RehovotIsrael
| | - Tamir Klein
- Department of Plant & Environmental SciencesWeizmann Institute of Science76100RehovotIsrael
| | | | - Rafael S. Oliveira
- Department of Plant BiologyUniversity of CampinasCampinas13083‐862Brazil
| | - Ilaine S. Matos
- Department of Ecology – IBRAGRio de Janeiro State University (UERJ)Rio de Janeiro20550‐013Brazil
| | - Bruno H. P. Rosado
- Department of Ecology – IBRAGRio de Janeiro State University (UERJ)Rio de Janeiro20550‐013Brazil
| | - Kathrin Fuchs
- Department of Environmental Systems ScienceETH ZurichUniversitätstrasse 28092ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Georg Wohlfahrt
- Department of EcologyUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruck6020Austria
| | - Leonardo Montagnani
- Forest ServicesAutonomous Province of BolzanoVia Brennero 639100BolzanoItaly
| | - Patrick Meir
- Research School of BiologyThe Australian National UniversityActonACT2601Australia
- School of GeosciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghEH9 3FFUK
| | - Stephen Sitch
- College of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of ExeterExeterEX4 4QFUK
| | - Peter M. Cox
- College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical SciencesUniversity of ExeterExeterEX4 4QFUK
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Fan DY, Dang QL, Xu CY, Jiang CD, Zhang WF, Xu XW, Yang XF, Zhang SR. Stomatal Sensitivity to Vapor Pressure Deficit and the Loss of Hydraulic Conductivity Are Coordinated in Populus euphratica, a Desert Phreatophyte Species. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1248. [PMID: 32922423 PMCID: PMC7456922 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
There are considerable variations in the percentage loss of hydraulic conductivity (PLC) at mid-day minimum water potential among and within species, but the underpinning mechanism(s) are poorly understood. This study tested the hypothesis that plants can regulate leaf specific hydraulic conductance (K l) via precise control over PLC under variable ΔΨ (water potential differential between soil and leaf) conditions to maintain the -m/b constant (-m: the sensitivity of stomatal conductance to VPD; b: reference stomatal conductance at 1.0 kPa VPD), where VPD is vapor pressure deficit. We used Populus euphratica, a phreatophyte species distributed in the desert of Northwestern China, to test the hypothesis. Field measurements of VPD, stomatal conductance (g s), g s responses to VPD, mid-day minimum leaf water potential (Ψ lmin), and branch hydraulic architecture were taken in late June at four sites along the downstream of Tarim River at the north edge of the Taklamakan desert. We have found that: 1) the -m/b ratio was almost constant (=0.6) across all the sites; 2) the average Ψ 50 (the xylem water potential with 50% loss of hydraulic conductivity) was -1.63 MPa, and mid-day PLC ranged from 62 to 83%; 3) there were tight correlations between Ψ 50 and wood density/leaf specific hydraulic conductivity (k l) and between specific hydraulic conductance sensitivity to water potential [d(k s)/dln(-Ψ)] and specific hydraulic conductivity (k s). A modified hydraulic model was applied to investigate the relationship between g s and VPD under variable ΔΨ and K l conditions. It was concluded that P. euphratica was able to control PLC in order to maintain a relatively constant -m/b under different site conditions. This study demonstrated that branchlet hydraulic architecture and stomatal response to VPD were well coordinated in order to maintain relatively water homeostasis of P. euphratica in the desert. Model simulations could explain the wide variations of PLC across and within woody species that are often observed in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Yong Fan
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Da-Yong Fan, ; Shou-Ren Zhang,
| | - Qing-Lai Dang
- Faculty of Natural Resources Management, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada
| | - Cheng-Yang Xu
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Chuang-Dao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wang-Feng Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Xin-Wu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- China Meteorological Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Fang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shou-Ren Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Da-Yong Fan, ; Shou-Ren Zhang,
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Shen J, Diao W, Zhang L, Acharya BR, Wang M, Zhao X, Chen D, Zhang W. Secreted Peptide PIP1 Induces Stomatal Closure by Activation of Guard Cell Anion Channels in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1029. [PMID: 32733520 PMCID: PMC7360795 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Plant stomata which consist of a pair of guard cells, are not only finely controlled to balance water loss as transpiration and CO2 absorption for photosynthesis, but also serve as the major sites to defend against pathogen attack, thus allowing plants to respond appropriately to abiotic and biotic stress conditions. The regulatory signaling network for stomatal movement is complex in nature, and plant peptides have been shown to be involved in signaling processes. Arabidopsis secreted peptide PIP1 was previously identified as an endogenous elicitor, which induced immune response through its receptor, RLK7. PIP1-RLK7 can activate stomatal immunity against the bacterial strain Pst DC3118. However, the molecular mechanism of PIP1 in stomatal regulation is still unclear and additional new factors need to be discovered. In this study, we further clarified that PIP1 could function as an important regulator in the induction of stomatal closure. The results showed that PIP1 could promote stomata to close in a certain range of concentrations and response time. In addition, we uncovered that PIP1-RLK7 signaling regulated stomatal response by activating S-type anion channel SLAC1. PIP1-induced stomatal closure was impaired in bak1, mpk3, and mpk6 mutants, indicating that BAK1 and MPK3/MPK6 were required for PIP1-regulated stomatal movement. Our research further deciphered that OST1 which acts as an essential ABA-signaling component, also played a role in PIP1-induced stomatal closure. In addition, ROS participated in PIP1-induced stomatal closure and PIP1 could activate Ca2+ permeable channels. In conclusion, we reveal the role of peptide PIP1 in triggering stomatal closure and the possible mechanism of PIP1 in the regulation of stomatal apertures. Our findings improve the understanding of the role of PIP1 in stomatal regulation and immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlin Shen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaption Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenzhu Diao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaption Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Linfang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaption Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Biswa R. Acharya
- College of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Mei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaption Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Donghua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaption Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Donghua Chen, ; Wei Zhang,
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaption Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Donghua Chen, ; Wei Zhang,
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11
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Liu XS, Liang CC, Hou SG, Wang X, Chen DH, Shen JL, Zhang W, Wang M. The LRR-RLK Protein HSL3 Regulates Stomatal Closure and the Drought Stress Response by Modulating Hydrogen Peroxide Homeostasis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:548034. [PMID: 33329622 PMCID: PMC7728693 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.548034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Guard cells shrink in response to drought stress and abscisic acid (ABA) signaling, thereby reducing stomatal aperture. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is an important signaling molecule acting to induce stomatal closure. As yet, the molecular basis of control over the level of H2O2 in the guard cells remains largely unknown. Here, the leucine-rich repeat (LRR)-receptor-like kinase (RLK) protein HSL3 has been shown to have the ability to negatively regulate stomatal closure by modulating the level of H2O2 in the guard cells. HSL3 was markedly up-regulated by treating plants with either ABA or H2O2, as well as by dehydration. In the loss-of-function hsl3 mutant, both stomatal closure and the activation of anion currents proved to be hypersensitive to ABA treatment, and the mutant was more tolerant than the wild type to moisture deficit; the overexpression of HSL3 had the opposite effect. In the hsl3 mutant, the transcription of NADPH oxidase gene RbohF involved in H2O2 production showed marked up-regulation, as well as the level of catalase activity was weakly inducible by ABA, allowing H2O2 to accumulate in the guard cells. HSL3 was concluded to participate in the regulation of the response to moisture deficit through ABA-induced stomatal closure triggered by the accumulation of H2O2 in the guard cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan-shan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaption Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chao-chao Liang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaption Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shu-guo Hou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaption Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaption Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dong-hua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaption Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jian-lin Shen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaption Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaption Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Mei Wang,
| | - Mei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaption Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- Wei Zhang,
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12
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Ziyuan L, Chunfei W, Jianjun Y, Xian L, Liangjun L, Libao C, Shuyan L. Molecular cloning and functional analysis of lotus salt-induced NnDREB2C, NnPIP1-2 and NnPIP2-1 in Arabidopsis thaliana. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 47:497-506. [PMID: 31654214 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-05156-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dehydration-responsive element bindings transcription factor (DREBs) and plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs) have been characterized multi-functions in plant growth and metabolism, as well as in the adaptation to various stresses. In this study, we cloned the full-length cDNA of NnDREB2C from a salt-tolerated lotus species with RT-PCR methods. Analysis of qRT-PCR demonstrated that NnDREB2C mRNA in the leaf dramatically increased after the treatments of NaCl, abscisic acid, low temperature and mannitol. Next, NnDREB2C was cloned into constitutive expression vector pSN1301, which in turn transformed into Arabidopsis thaliana to investigate its function in plants. NnDREB2C overexpression significantly elevated Arabidopsis tolerance against salt and drought stresses, showing higher survival rates, lower conductivity and more chlorophyll content than those of wild-type plants. Moreover, higher germination rates were observed in the NnDREB2C overproducing plants when subjected into the stresses of NaCl and mannitol. Furthermore, we investigate the potential down-stream genes regulated by NnDREB2C and observed a significant increase in expressions of several genes belonging to PIPs family, including PIP1-1, PIP1-2, PIP1-3, PIP1-4 and PIP1-5. Consistently, overexpressed NnPIP1-2 and NnPIP2-1 conferred Arabidopsis the tolerance to stresses. Taken together, we concluded that overexpression of NnDREB2C enhanced the tolerance of salt and drought stresses in plants, which might probably be derived from the increased expression of the genes belonging to PIPs family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Ziyuan
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang Chunfei
- Center for Multi-omics Research, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 475004, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yang Jianjun
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Liu Xian
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Liangjun
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Libao
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li Shuyan
- College of Guangling, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Zhang Y, Zheng L, Zheng Y, Zhou C, Huang P, Xiao X, Zhao Y, Hao X, Hu Z, Chen Q, Li H, Wang X, Fukushima K, Wang G, Li C. Assembly and Annotation of a Draft Genome of the Medicinal Plant Polygonum cuspidatum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1274. [PMID: 31681373 PMCID: PMC6813658 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Polygonum cuspidatum (Japanese knotweed, also known as Huzhang in Chinese), a plant that produces bioactive components such as stilbenes and quinones, has long been recognized as important in traditional Chinese herbal medicine. To better understand the biological features of this plant and to gain genetic insight into the biosynthesis of its natural products, we assembled a draft genome of P. cuspidatum using Illumina sequencing technology. The draft genome is ca. 2.56 Gb long, with 71.54% of the genome annotated as transposable elements. Integrated gene prediction suggested that the P. cuspidatum genome encodes 55,075 functional genes, including 6,776 gene families that are conserved in the five eudicot species examined and 2,386 that are unique to P. cuspidatum. Among the functional genes identified, 4,753 are predicted to encode transcription factors. We traced the gene duplication history of P. cuspidatum and determined that it has undergone two whole-genome duplication events about 65 and 6.6 million years ago. Roots are considered the primary medicinal tissue, and transcriptome analysis identified 2,173 genes that were expressed at higher levels in roots compared to aboveground tissues. Detailed phylogenetic analysis demonstrated expansion of the gene family encoding stilbene synthase and chalcone synthase enzymes in the phenylpropanoid metabolic pathway, which is associated with the biosynthesis of resveratrol, a pharmacologically important stilbene. Analysis of the draft genome identified 7 abscisic acid and water deficit stress-induced protein-coding genes and 14 cysteine-rich transmembrane module genes predicted to be involved in stress responses. The draft de novo genome assembly produced in this study represents a valuable resource for the molecular characterization of medicinal compounds in P. cuspidatum, the improvement of this important medicinal plant, and the exploration of its abiotic stress resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghong Zhang
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Lanlan Zheng
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Chao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Regional Plant Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement (CTGU)/Biotechnology Research Center, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Ping Huang
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Yongheng Zhao
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Xincai Hao
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Zhubing Hu
- Center for Multi-Omics Research Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Qinhua Chen
- Affiliated Dongfeng Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Hongliang Li
- Laboratory of Chinese Herbal Pharmacology, Oncology Center, Renmin Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Xuanbin Wang
- Laboratory of Chinese Herbal Pharmacology, Oncology Center, Renmin Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Kenji Fukushima
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Guodong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Chen Li
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
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14
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de Ollas C, Segarra-Medina C, González-Guzmán M, Puertolas J, Gómez-Cadenas A. A customizable method to characterize Arabidopsis thaliana transpiration under drought conditions. PLANT METHODS 2019; 15:89. [PMID: 31388346 PMCID: PMC6676626 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-019-0474-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Characterization of the dynamic response of plant transpiration to decreasing soil water content in a reproducible way is required for the correct phenotyping of traits related to water saving strategies. Nowadays, an increasing number of automated high throughput platforms are available, but their development requires a great economic investment and it is not always desirable/feasible to outsource these analyses. We propose a medium-throughput protocol to characterize transpiration responses to decreasing soil moisture in a quantitative and highly reproducible way with a minimum investment of resources. RESULTS The quantitative characterization of plant responses to a decreasing soil water content using our phenotyping platform has showed high reproducibility between different experiments. The proposed irrigation strategy allowed us to harvest plants ranging from a well-watered condition to the loss-of-turgor point in a predictable and controlled way. Coupling this protocol with hormone profiling allows investigation of hormonal responses (metabolite accumulation as well as plant sensitivity) to water stress. As a proof-of-concept, we have characterized the dynamic responses of leaf transpiration to decreasing soil water contents in an abscisic acid (ABA) deficient genotype (aba1-1) as well as in genotypes with altered sensitivity to ABA (abi1-1 and hab1-1abi1-1), which are insensitive and hypersensitive to ABA, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This protocol allows for assessment of quantitative differences in rosette transpiration responses to water depletion in both ABA biosynthesis mutants and genotypes with altered sensitivity to the hormone. Data indicate a correlation between ABA levels and/or hormone perception and growth rate and/or water content. The protocol guarantees the correct application of water stress to adult plants, which is essential to understand responses of mutants and/or natural accessions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos de Ollas
- Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Clara Segarra-Medina
- Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Miguel González-Guzmán
- Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Jaime Puertolas
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Aurelio Gómez-Cadenas
- Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
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15
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Wang X, Lv S, Han X, Guan X, Shi X, Kang J, Zhang L, Cao B, Li C, Zhang W, Wang G, Zhang Y. The Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinase CPK33 Mediates Strigolactone-Induced Stomatal Closure in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1630. [PMID: 31921270 PMCID: PMC6928132 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are known to mediate plant acclimation to environmental stress. We recently reported that SLs acted as prominent regulators in promotion of stomatal closure. However, the detailed mechanism by which SLs induce stomatal closure requires further investigation. Here we studied the essential role of the calcium (Ca2+) signal mediating by the calcium-dependent protein kinase (CPK) in SL-induced stomatal closure. SL-induced stomatal closure was strongly inhibited by a Ca2+ chelator and Ca2+ channel blockers, indicating that Ca2+ functions in SL promotion of stomatal closure. Through examining a collection of cpk mutants, we identified CPK33, potentially acting as a Ca2+ transducer, which is implicated in guard cell SL signaling. SL- and Ca2+-induced stomatal closure were impaired in cpk33 mutants. CPK33 kinase activity is essential for SL induction of stomatal closure as SL-induced stomatal closure is blocked in the dead kinase mutant of CPK33. The cpk33 mutant is impaired in H2O2-induced stomatal closure, but not in SL-mediated H2O2 production. Our study thus uncovers an important player CPK33 which functions as an essential Ca2+ signals mediator in Arabidopsis guard cell SL signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuening Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Shuo Lv
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiangyu Han
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiongjuan Guan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiong Shi
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jingke Kang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Luosha Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Bing Cao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Chen Li
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environment Adapting Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Guodong Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Guodong Wang, ; Yonghong Zhang,
| | - Yonghong Zhang
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- *Correspondence: Guodong Wang, ; Yonghong Zhang,
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16
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Zhang Y, Wang C, Xu H, Shi X, Zhen W, Hu Z, Huang J, Zheng Y, Huang P, Zhang KX, Xiao X, Hao X, Wang X, Zhou C, Wang G, Li C, Zheng L. HY5 Contributes to Light-Regulated Root System Architecture Under a Root-Covered Culture System. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1490. [PMID: 31850011 PMCID: PMC6892842 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Light is essential for plant organogenesis and development. Light-regulated shoot morphogenesis has been extensively studied; however, the mechanisms by which plant roots perceive and respond to aboveground light are largely unknown, particularly because the roots of most terrestrial plants are usually located underground in darkness. To mimic natural root growth conditions, we developed a root-covered system (RCS) in which the shoots were illuminated and the plant roots could be either exposed to light or cultivated in darkness. Using the RCS, we observed that root growth of wild-type plants was significantly promoted when the roots were in darkness, whereas it was inhibited by direct light exposure. This growth change seems to be regulated by ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5), a master regulator of photomorphogenesis. Light was found to regulate HY5 expression in the roots, while a HY5 deficiency partially abolished the inhibition of growth in roots directly exposed to light, suggesting that HY5 expression is induced by direct light exposure and inhibits root growth. However, no differences in HY5 expression were observed between illuminated and dark-grown cop1 roots, indicating that HY5 may be regulated by COP1-mediated proteasome degradation. We confirmed the crucial role of HY5 in regulating root development in response to light under soil-grown conditions. A transcriptomic analysis revealed that light controls the expression of numerous genes involved in phytohormone signaling, stress adaptation, and metabolic processes in a HY5-dependent manner. In combination with the results of the flavonol quantification and exogenous quercetin application, these findings suggested that HY5 regulates the root response to light through a complex network that integrates flavonol biosynthesis and reactive oxygen species signaling. Collectively, our results indicate that HY5 is a master regulator of root photomorphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghong Zhang
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Chunfei Wang
- Center for Multi-omics Research, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Center for Multi-omics Research, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiong Shi
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Weibo Zhen
- Center for Multi-omics Research, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Zhubing Hu
- Center for Multi-omics Research, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ji Huang
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Yan Zheng
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Ping Huang
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Kun-Xiao Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Xincai Hao
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Xuanbin Wang
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Chao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Regional Plant Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement (CTGU)/Biotechnology Research Center, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Guodong Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
- *Correspondence: Guodong Wang, ; Chen Li, ; Lanlan Zheng,
| | - Chen Li
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- *Correspondence: Guodong Wang, ; Chen Li, ; Lanlan Zheng,
| | - Lanlan Zheng
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- *Correspondence: Guodong Wang, ; Chen Li, ; Lanlan Zheng,
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