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Jiménez-Maldonado MI, Islas-Osuna MA, León-Félix J, Tovar-Pedraza JM, Muy-Rangel MD. Glucanases and Chitinases in Mangifera indica: Identification, Classification, Phylogeny, and Expression Analysis of Defense Genes against Colletotrichum spp. Molecules 2024; 29:3556. [PMID: 39124963 PMCID: PMC11313699 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29153556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant glucanases and chitinases are defense proteins that participate in pathogenesis; however, very little is known about the glucanase (GLUC) and chitinase (CHIT) gene families in mango. Some mango cultivars are of great economic importance and can be affected by anthracnose, a postharvest disease caused by fungi of the genus Colletotrichum spp. This study identified and characterized 23 putative glucanases and 16 chitinases in the mango genome cv. Tommy Atkins. We used phylogenetic analyses to classify the glucanases into three subclasses (A, B, and C) and the chitinases into four classes (I, II, IV, and V). Information on the salicylic, jasmonic acid, and ethylene pathways was obtained by analyzing the cis-elements of the GLUC and CHIT class I and IV gene promoters. The expression profile of GLUC, CHIT class I, and CHIT class IV genes in mango cv. Ataulfo inoculated with two Colletotrichum spp. revealed different profile expression related to these fungi's level of virulence. In general, this study provides the basis for the functional validation of these target genes with which the regulatory mechanisms used by glucanases and chitinases as defense proteins in mango can be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Isabel Jiménez-Maldonado
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, Coordinación Culiacán, Carretera a El Dorado km 5.5, Campo El Diez, Culiacán CP 80110, Sinaloa, Mexico; (M.I.J.-M.); (J.L.-F.); (J.M.T.-P.)
| | - María Auxiliadora Islas-Osuna
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, Coordinación de Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen Vegetal, Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas, No. 46, La Victoria, Hermosillo CP 83304, Sonora, Mexico;
| | - Josefina León-Félix
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, Coordinación Culiacán, Carretera a El Dorado km 5.5, Campo El Diez, Culiacán CP 80110, Sinaloa, Mexico; (M.I.J.-M.); (J.L.-F.); (J.M.T.-P.)
| | - Juan Manuel Tovar-Pedraza
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, Coordinación Culiacán, Carretera a El Dorado km 5.5, Campo El Diez, Culiacán CP 80110, Sinaloa, Mexico; (M.I.J.-M.); (J.L.-F.); (J.M.T.-P.)
| | - María Dolores Muy-Rangel
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, Coordinación Culiacán, Carretera a El Dorado km 5.5, Campo El Diez, Culiacán CP 80110, Sinaloa, Mexico; (M.I.J.-M.); (J.L.-F.); (J.M.T.-P.)
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Guo L, Liang K, Huang X, Mai W, Duan X, Wu F. Morin Treatment Delays the Ripening and Senescence of Postharvest Mango Fruits. Foods 2023; 12:4251. [PMID: 38231649 DOI: 10.3390/foods12234251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
A 0.005% and 0.01% morin treatment was applied to treat mango fruits stored under ambient conditions (25 ± 1 °C) with 85-90% relative humidity, and the effects on quality indexes, enzyme activity related to antioxidation and cell wall degradation, and gene expressions involved in ripening and senescence were explored. The results indicate that a 0.01% morin application effectively delayed fruit softening and yellowing and sustained the nutritional quality. After 12 days of storage, the contents of soluble sugar and carotenoid in the treatment groups were 68.54 mg/g and 11.20 mg/100 g, respectively, lower than those in control, while the vitamin C content in the treatment groups was 0.58 mg/g, higher than that in control. Moreover, a morin application successively enhanced the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD), but reduced the activity of polygalacturonase (PG) and pectin lyase (PL). Finally, real-time PCR and correlation analysis suggested that morin downregulated the ethylene biosynthesis (ACS and, ACO) and signal transduction (ETR1, ERS1, EIN2, and ERF1) genes, which is positively associated with softening enzymes (LOX, EXP, βGal, and EG), carotenoid synthesis enzymes (PSY and, LCYB), sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), and uncoupling protein (UCP) gene expressions. Therefore, a 0.01% morin treatment might efficiently retard mango fruit ripening and senescence to sustain external and nutritional quality through ethylene-related pathways, which indicates its preservation application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Guo
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528200, China
| | - Kaiqi Liang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528200, China
| | - Xiaochun Huang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528200, China
| | - Weiqian Mai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Intelligent Manufacturing, Foshan 528200, China
| | - Xuewu Duan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Fuwang Wu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528200, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Intelligent Manufacturing, Foshan 528200, China
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Khedr EH, Khedr N, Abdel-Haleem M. Harnessing the metabolic modulatory and antioxidant power of 1-(3-Phenyl-Propyl) cyclopropane and melatonin in maintaining mango fruit quality and prolongation storage life. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:464. [PMID: 37798697 PMCID: PMC10552391 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04485-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to compare and investigate the effects of 1-(3-phenyl-propyl) cyclopropene (PPCP) and melatonin (MT) as anti-ethylene agents on postharvest senescence, quality, chilling tolerance, and antioxidant metabolism in the mango fruit cv. "Keitt". The study involved exposing the fruit to 20 μL L- 1 PPCP or 200 μM MT, in addition to a control group of untreated fruit, before storing them at 5 ± 1 °C for 28 d. The findings revealed that the treatments with PPCP and MT were effective in reducing chilling injury and preserving fruit quality when compared to the control group. RESULTS The use of 20 μL L- 1 PPCP was an effective treatment in terms of mitigating chilling injury and preserving fruit quality for 28 d. This was attributed to the decrease in metabolic activity, specifically the respiration rate and the production of ethylene, which led to the maintenance of fruit firmness and bioactive compounds, energy metabolism, and antioxidant activity, such as ascorbic acid, total flavonoids, trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity, dehydroascorbate reductase, glutathione reductase activity, ATP, and ATPase activity. The study also found that the MT treatment at 200 μM was effective in reducing chilling injury and weight loss and improving membrane stability. Additionally, it led to a decrease in malondialdehyde content and electrolyte leakage, and the maintenance of fruit quality in terms of firmness, peel and pulp colour values for mango peel and pulp total carotenoid content, as well as phenylalanine ammonia lyase and tyrosine ammonia lyase activity. These findings indicate that PPCP and MT have the potential to be efficient treatments in maintaining mango quality and minimizing post-harvest losses. CONCLUSION The utilisation of treatments with 20 μL L- 1 of PPCP or 200 μM MT was found to effectively preserve the postharvest quality parameters, in terms of bioactive compounds, energy metabolism, and antioxidant activity, of mangoes cv. "Keitt" that were stored at 5 ± 1 °C for 28 d.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad Hamdy Khedr
- Department of Pomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt.
| | - Nagwa Khedr
- Department of Pomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdel-Haleem
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
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Li J, Guo T, Guo M, Dai X, Xu X, Li Y, Song Z, Liang M. Exogenous BR delayed peach fruit softening by inhibiting pectin degradation enzyme genes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1226921. [PMID: 37600192 PMCID: PMC10436216 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1226921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Peach fruit deteriorates and senesces rapidly when stored at room temperature. Brassinosteroids (BRs) play an important role in regulating plant growth and development and maintaining fruit quality. However, little information is available on the effect of BRs on the senescence of harvested peach fruit. In this study, different concentrations of BR were used to treat 'Hongniang' peach fruit, and the results showed that 10 μM BR was the most beneficial concentration to delay the senescence of peach fruits. BR treatment delayed the decrease of fruit firmness, the release of ethylene, the increase in water-soluble pectin (WSP) and ionic-soluble pectin (ISP) content and the decrease in covalently bound pectin (CBP) content, inhibited the activities of pectin degradation enzymes, and inhibited the gene expression of PpPME1/3, PpPG, PpARF2, and PpGAL2/16. In addition, BR treatment also inhibited the expression of PpBES1-5/6. Cis-acting regulatory element analysis of pectin degradation enzyme promoters showed that many of them contained BES1 binding elements. All the above results showed that BR treatment had a positive effect on delaying the senescence of peach fruit and prolonging its storage period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhao Li
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China
- College of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Tingting Guo
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China
- College of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Meiling Guo
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China
- College of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaonan Dai
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China
- College of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaofei Xu
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China
- College of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Yanju Li
- Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Zhizhong Song
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China
- College of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Meixia Liang
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China
- College of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China
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Adjei MO, Zhao H, Tao X, Yang L, Deng S, Li X, Mao X, Li S, Huang J, Luo R, Gao A, Ma J. Using A Protoplast Transformation System to Enable Functional Studies in Mangifera indica L. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11984. [PMID: 37569360 PMCID: PMC10418398 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241511984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Mangoes (Mangifera indica L.) are an important kind of perennial fruit tree, but their biochemical testing method and transformation technology were insufficient and had not been rigorously explored. The protoplast technology is an excellent method for creating a rapid and effective tool for transient expression and transformation assays, particularly in plants that lack an Agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation system. This study optimized the conditions of the protoplast isolation and transformation system, which can provide a lot of help in the gene expression regulation study of mango. The most beneficial protoplast isolation conditions were 150 mg/mL of cellulase R-10 and 180 mg/mL of macerozyme R-10 in the digestion solution at pH 5.6 and 12 h of digestion time. The 0.16 M and 0.08 M mannitol in wash solution (WI) and suspension for counting (MMG), respectively, were optimal for the protoplast isolation yield. The isolated leaf protoplasts (~5.4 × 105 cells/10 mL) were transfected for 30 min mediated by 40% calcium-chloride-based polyethylene glycol (PEG)-4000-CaCl2, from which 84.38% of the protoplasts were transformed. About 0.08 M and 0.12 M of mannitol concentration in MMG and transfection solutions, respectively, were optimal for protoplast viability. Under the florescence signal, GFP was seen in the transformed protoplasts. This showed that the target gene was successfully induced into the protoplast and that it can be transcribed and translated. Experimental results in this paper show that our high-efficiency protoplast isolation and PEG-mediated transformation protocols can provide excellent new methods for creating a rapid and effective tool for the molecular mechanism study of mangoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Owusu Adjei
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China;
| | - Huan Zhao
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaoguang Tao
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Li Yang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shuyue Deng
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiyan Li
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xinjing Mao
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shujiang Li
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China;
| | - Jianfeng Huang
- Tropical Crop Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Ruixiong Luo
- Tropical Crop Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Aiping Gao
- Tropical Crop Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Jun Ma
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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Khedr EH, Al-Khayri JM. Synergistic Effects of Tragacanth and Anti-ethylene Treatments on Postharvest Quality Maintenance of Mango ( Mangifera indica L.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12091887. [PMID: 37176945 PMCID: PMC10180912 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is one of the most popular tropical fruits grown in Egypt and several other countries, making it a potential export commodity. Excessive deterioration after harvest requires various treatments to maintain fruit quality. We evaluated the treatments effects of melatonin (MT) as an anti-ethylene agent and tragacanth gum (TRG) as an edible coating individually and together (MT-TRG) before storing mangoes at 12 °C for 32 days under 85-90% relative humidity. Compared with control, all treatments were significantly effective in preserving fruit quality. Fruits treated with MT-TRG showed significantly lower decay values, respiration rates, ethylene production, and weight loss than untreated fruits. MT-TRG treatment significantly enhanced fruit quality, thereby maintaining fruit appearance, flesh color, firmness, total soluble solids and phenolic contents, and pectin methyl esterase, polyphenol oxidase, and peroxidase activities during the storage period. We propose 200 µM MT + 1% TRG as a safe postharvest treatment to reduce the deterioration of mangoes and maintain fruit quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad Hamdy Khedr
- Department of Pomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Jameel Mohammed Al-Khayri
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
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Song M, Wang H, Fan Z, Huang H, Ma H. Advances in sequencing and key character analysis of mango ( Mangifera indica L.). HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhac259. [PMID: 37601702 PMCID: PMC10433700 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is an important fruit crop in tropical and subtropical countries associated with many agronomic and horticultural problems, such as susceptibility to pathogens, including powdery mildew and anthracnose, poor yield and quality, and short shelf life. Conventional breeding techniques exhibit significant limitations in improving mango quality due to the characteristics of long ripening, self-incompatibility, and high genetic heterozygosity. In recent years, much emphasis has been placed on identification of key genes controlling a certain trait through genomic association analysis and directly breeding new varieties through transgene or genotype selection of offspring. This paper reviews the latest research progress on the genome and transcriptome sequencing of mango fruit. The rapid development of genome sequencing and bioinformatics provides effective strategies for identifying, labeling, cloning, and manipulating many genes related to economically important traits. Preliminary verification of the functions of mango genes has been conducted, including genes related to flowering regulation, fruit development, and polyphenol biosynthesis. Importantly, modern biotechnology can refine existing mango varieties to meet the market demand with high economic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaoyu Song
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Haomiao Wang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhiyi Fan
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hantang Huang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huiqin Ma
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
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Datir S, Regan S. Advances in Physiological, Transcriptomic, Proteomic, Metabolomic, and Molecular Genetic Approaches for Enhancing Mango Fruit Quality. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:20-34. [PMID: 36573879 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c05958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is a nutritionally important fruit of high nutritive value, delicious in taste with an attractive aroma. Due to their antioxidant and therapeutic potential, mango fruits are receiving special attention in biochemical and pharmacognosy-based studies. Fruit quality determines consumer's acceptance, and hence, understanding the physiological, biochemical, and molecular basis of fruit development, maturity, ripening, and storage is essential. Transcriptomic, metabolomic, proteomic, and molecular genetic approaches have led to the identification of key genes, metabolites, protein candidates, and quantitative trait loci that are associated with enhanced mango fruit quality. The major pathways that determine the fruit quality include amino acid metabolism, plant hormone signaling, carbohydrate metabolism and transport, cell wall biosynthesis and degradation, flavonoid and anthocyanin biosynthesis, and carotenoid metabolism. Expression of the polygalacturonase, cutin synthase, pectin methyl esterase, pectate lyase, β-galactosidase, and ethylene biosynthesis enzymes are related to mango fruit ripening, flavor, firmness, softening, and other quality processes, while genes involved in the MAPK signaling pathway, heat shock proteins, hormone signaling, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis are associated with diseases. Metabolomics identified volatiles, organic acids, amino acids, and various other compounds that determine the characteristic flavor and aroma of the mango fruit. Molecular markers differentiate the mango cultivars based on their geographical origins. Genetic linkage maps and quantitative trait loci studies identified regions in the genome that are associated with economically important traits. The review summarizes the applications of omics techniques and their potential applications toward understanding mango fruit physiology and their usefulness in future mango breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar Datir
- Biology Department, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, CanadaK7L 3N6
- The Naoroji Godrej Centre for Plant Research, Shindewadi, Shirwal, Maharashtra - 412801 India
| | - Sharon Regan
- Biology Department, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, CanadaK7L 3N6
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Zhang H, Liu Z, Luo R, Sun Y, Yang C, Li X, Gao A, Pu J. Genome-Wide Characterization, Identification and Expression Profile of MYB Transcription Factor Gene Family during Abiotic and Biotic Stresses in Mango ( Mangifera indica). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11223141. [PMID: 36432870 PMCID: PMC9699602 DOI: 10.3390/plants11223141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Mango (Mangifera indica) is an economically important fruit tree, and is cultivated in tropical, subtropical, and dry-hot valley areas around the world. Mango fruits have high nutritional value, and are mainly consumed fresh and used for commercial purposes. Mango is affected by various environmental factors during its growth and development. The MYB transcription factors participates in various physiological activities of plants, such as phytohormone signal transduction and disease resistance. In this study, 54 MiMYB transcription factors were identified in the mango genome (371.6 Mb). A phylogenetic tree was drawn based on the amino acid sequences of 222 MYB proteins of mango and Arabidopsis. The phylogenetic tree showed that the members of the mango MYB gene family were divided into 7 group, including Groups 1, -3, -4, -5, -6, -8, and -9. Ka/Ks ratios generally indicated that the MiMYBs of mango were affected by negative or positive selection. Quantitative real-time PCR showed that the transcription levels of MiMYBs were different under abiotic and biotic stresses, including salicylic acid, methyl jasmonate, and H2O2 treatments, and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Xanthomonas campestris pv. mangiferaeindicae infection, respectively. The transcript levels of MiMYB5, -35, -36, and -54 simultaneously responded positively to early treatments with salicylic acid, methyl jasmonate, and H2O2. The transcript level of MiMYB54 was activated by pathogenic fungal and bacterial infection. These results are beneficial for future interested researchers aiming to understand the biological functions and molecular mechanisms of MiMYB genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Grops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
- College of Agricultural, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550225, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biology for Mango, College of Agriculture and Food Engineering, Baise University, Baise 533000, China
| | - Zhixin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Grops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
- College of Agricultural, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550225, China
| | - Ruixiong Luo
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Grops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Cuifeng Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biology for Mango, College of Agriculture and Food Engineering, Baise University, Baise 533000, China
| | - Xi Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biology for Mango, College of Agriculture and Food Engineering, Baise University, Baise 533000, China
| | - Aiping Gao
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Jinji Pu
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
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Wang Y, Zhao Y, Wu Y, Zhao X, Hao Z, Luo H, Yuan Z. Transcriptional profiling of long non-coding RNAs regulating fruit cracking in Punica granatum L. under bagging. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:943547. [PMID: 36304394 PMCID: PMC9592827 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.943547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Fruit cracking tremendously damages the appearance of fruit, easily leads to pathogen invasion, greatly reduces the marketability and causes immense economic losses. The pivotal role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in diverse biological processes has been confirmed, while the roles of lncRNAs underlying fruit cracking remain poorly understood. In this study, the incidence of fruit cracking was 7.26% under the bagging treatment, the control group was 38.11%, indicating that bagging considerably diminished the fruit cracking rate. LncRNA libraries for fruit cracking (FC), fruit non-cracking (FNC) and fruit non-cracking under bagging (FB) in pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) were performed and analysed via high-throughput transcriptome sequencing. A total of 3194 lncRNAs were obtained with a total length of 4898846 nt and an average length of 1533.77 nt in pomegranate. We identified 42 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DELs) and 137 differentially expressed mRNAs (DEGs) in FC vs FNC and 35 DELs and 160 DEGs in FB vs FC that formed co-expression networks respectively, suggesting that there are involved in phytohormone signaling pathway, lignin catabolic process, lipid transport/binding, cutin biosynthetic process and cell wall organization. We also found that 18 cis-acting DELs regulated 18 target genes, and 10 trans-acting DELs regulated 24 target genes in FC vs FNC, 23 DELs regulate 23 target genes for the cis-acting lncRNAs and 12 DELs regulated 36 target genes in FB vs FC, which provides an understanding for the regulation of the fruit cracking. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis results demonstrated that DELs participated in calcium ion binding, glycerophospholipid metabolism, flavonoid biosynthetic process, cell wall biogenesis, xyloglucan metabolic process, hormone signal transduction and starch and sucrose metabolism. Our findings provide new insights into the roles of lncRNAs in regulating the fruit cracking and lay the foundation for further improvement of pomegranate quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Wang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yujie Zhao
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yaqiong Wu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Xueqing Zhao
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhaoxiang Hao
- Zaozhuang Pomegranate Research Center, Institute of Botany, Zaozhuang, China
| | - Hua Luo
- Zaozhuang Pomegranate Research Center, Institute of Botany, Zaozhuang, China
| | - Zhaohe Yuan
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
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Li R, Ma J, Gu H, Jia W, Shao Y, Li W. 1-Methylcyclopropene counteracts ethylene promotion of fruit softening and roles of MiERF2/8 and MiPG in postharvest mangoes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:971050. [PMID: 36204066 PMCID: PMC9531572 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.971050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene burst is an important sign of the initiation of postharvest mango ripening and softening is a typical characteristic of fruit ripening. However, the intrinsic link between ethylene release and fruit softening during ripening of postharvest mangoes is still not clear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of ethylene and its action inhibitor 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) on fruit softening and ripening and the underlying regulatory mechanisms. Results showed that ethephon (ETH) promoted ethylene release and enhanced MDA content and activities of cell wall degrading enzymes, whereas 1-MCP treatment exhibited an opposite effect. Moreover, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction indicated that the transcription levels of genes involved in cell wall degradation (MiPG, Miβ-GAL and MiPE), ethylene biosynthesis (MiACO1 and MiACS6) and ethylene response factor (MiERF8) were remarkably induced by ETH. Correlation analysis further revealed that the production of ethylene was significantly negatively correlated with firmness, but positively correlated with MDA content, activities of cell wall degrading enzymes and expressions of MiPG and Miβ-GAL. Furthermore, yeast one hybrid (Y1H) assay showed that MiERF2 and MiERF8 could directly bind to the promotor of MiPG and then regulate its transcription. These findings suggest that ethylene production is closely associated with fruit softening, and MiERF2 and MiERF8 and MiPG may play crucial roles in regulation of ripening and softening of postharvest mangoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Jiheng Ma
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Hui Gu
- Key Laboratory of Hainan Province for Postharvest Physiology and Technology of Tropical Horticultural Products, South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Wenjun Jia
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Yuanzhi Shao
- School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Wen Li
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou, China
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12
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Characterization and Identification of a Ripening-Related Gene AaPG18 in Actinidia arguta. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052597. [PMID: 35269737 PMCID: PMC8910643 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Actinidia arguta (A. arguta) is a kind of climacteric fruit that quickly softens and limits fruit shelf-life and commercial value. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop kiwifruit genotypes with an extended shelf-life of fruit. However, the ripening and softening mechanisms remain unclear in A. arguta. Here, we demonstrated that a key polygalacturonase (PG)-encoding gene AaPG18 was involved in A. arguta ripening through the degradation of the cell wall. Fruits were harvested at three developmental stages (S1, S2, and S3) for high-throughput transcriptome sequencing, based on which two candidate transcripts c109562_g1 and c111961_g1 were screened. The genome-wide identification of the PG gene family assigned c109562_g1 and c111961_g1 to correspond to AaPG4 and AaPG18, respectively. The expression profiles of candidate genes at six preharvest stages of fruit showed significantly higher expression levels of AaPG18 than AaPG4, indicating AaPG18 might be a key gene during fruit ripening processes. The subcellular localization displayed AaPG18 was located at the cytoplasmic membrane. The transient overexpression of AaPG18 in strawberry and the following morphological observation suggested AaPG18 played a key role in maintaining the stability of cell morphology. The homologous transient transformation in A. arguta “RB-4” proved the crucial function of AaPG18 in fruit ripening processes by causing the rapid redness of the fruit, which was an indicator of fruit maturity. All in all, our results identified AaPG18 as a key candidate gene involved in cell wall degeneration, which provides a basis for the subsequent exploration of the molecular mechanisms underlying the ripening and softening of A. arguta fruit.
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13
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Influence of Nano-Silica/Chitosan Film Coating on the Quality of ‘Tommy Atkins’ Mango. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10020279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we assessed the coating of ‘Tommy Atkins’ mangoes with films containing chitosan and nano-silicon dioxide in terms of the effects on fruit parameters as an indicator of quality. After coating, the fruits were first stored at 13 ± 1 °C and 90–95% RH for 30 days, and then at 20 ± 2 °C and 70–75% RH for 5 days, which corresponds to the marketing period. The results showed that coating treatments significantly decreased the fruits’ weight loss and decay percentage compared to the uncoated control samples over the storage period. Additionally, all coated treatments delayed skin degreening, reduced endogenous ethylene production, suppressed respiration rate, and maintained the firmness, compared to untreated control fruit. Titratable acidity and vitamin C significantly decreased in all samples during storage, but this decrease was less pronounced in the coated fruits. Furthermore, coating can delay the increments in total soluble solids and total sugars while maintaining total phenolics, and high antioxidant content of fruits, thereby extending the effective length of the marketing period of treated fruits compared to the control. It was shown that the coating combination of 2% chitosan plus 1% nano-silicon dioxide was the most successful in maintaining the mango’s quality under cold storage and during marketing.
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14
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Changes in Homogalacturonan Metabolism in Banana Peel during Fruit Development and Ripening. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010243. [PMID: 35008668 PMCID: PMC8745247 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Though numerous studies have focused on the cell wall disassembly of bananas during the ripening process, the modification of homogalacturonan (HG) during fruit development remains exclusive. To better understand the role of HGs in controlling banana fruit growth and ripening, RNA-Seq, qPCR, immunofluorescence labeling, and biochemical methods were employed to reveal their dynamic changes in banana peels during these processes. Most HG-modifying genes in banana peels showed a decline in expression during fruit development. Four polygalacturonase and three pectin acetylesterases showing higher expression levels at later developmental stages than earlier ones might be related to fruit expansion. Six out of the 10 top genes in the Core Enrichment Gene Set were HG degradation genes, and all were upregulated after softening, paralleled to the significant increase in HG degradation enzyme activities, decline in peel firmness, and the epitope levels of 2F4, CCRC-M38, JIM7, and LM18 antibodies. Most differentially expressed alpha-1,4-galacturonosyltransferases were upregulated by ethylene treatment, suggesting active HG biosynthesis during the fruit softening process. The epitope level of the CCRC-M38 antibody was positively correlated to the firmness of banana peel during fruit development and ripening. These results have provided new insights into the role of cell wall HGs in fruit development and ripening.
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15
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Mathiazhagan M, Chidambara B, Hunashikatti LR, Ravishankar KV. Genomic Approaches for Improvement of Tropical Fruits: Fruit Quality, Shelf Life and Nutrient Content. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1881. [PMID: 34946829 PMCID: PMC8701245 DOI: 10.3390/genes12121881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The breeding of tropical fruit trees for improving fruit traits is complicated, due to the long juvenile phase, generation cycle, parthenocarpy, polyploidy, polyembryony, heterozygosity and biotic and abiotic factors, as well as a lack of good genomic resources. Many molecular techniques have recently evolved to assist and hasten conventional breeding efforts. Molecular markers linked to fruit development and fruit quality traits such as fruit shape, size, texture, aroma, peel and pulp colour were identified in tropical fruit crops, facilitating Marker-assisted breeding (MAB). An increase in the availability of genome sequences of tropical fruits further aided in the discovery of SNP variants/Indels, QTLs and genes that can ascertain the genetic determinants of fruit characters. Through multi-omics approaches such as genomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics and proteomics, the identification and quantification of transcripts, including non-coding RNAs, involved in sugar metabolism, fruit development and ripening, shelf life, and the biotic and abiotic stress that impacts fruit quality were made possible. Utilizing genomic assisted breeding methods such as genome wide association (GWAS), genomic selection (GS) and genetic modifications using CRISPR/Cas9 and transgenics has paved the way to studying gene function and developing cultivars with desirable fruit traits by overcoming long breeding cycles. Such comprehensive multi-omics approaches related to fruit characters in tropical fruits and their applications in breeding strategies and crop improvement are reviewed, discussed and presented here.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kundapura V. Ravishankar
- Division of Basic Sciences, ICAR Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake Post, Bengaluru 560089, India; (M.M.); (B.C.); (L.R.H.)
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16
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Zhai Z, Feng C, Wang Y, Sun Y, Peng X, Xiao Y, Zhang X, Zhou X, Jiao J, Wang W, Du B, Wang C, Liu Y, Li T. Genome-Wide Identification of the Xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/Hydrolase ( XTH) and Polygalacturonase ( PG) Genes and Characterization of Their Role in Fruit Softening of Sweet Cherry. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212331. [PMID: 34830211 PMCID: PMC8621145 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fruit firmness is an important economical trait in sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) where the change of this trait is related to cell wall degradation. Xyloglucan endotransglycosylase/hydrolase (XTH) and polygalacturonases (PGs) are critical cell-wall-modifying enzymes that occupy a crucial position in fruit ripening and softening. Herein, we identified 18 XTHs and 45 PGs designated PavXTH1-18 and PavPG1-45 based on their locations in the genome of sweet cherry. We provided a systematical overview of PavXTHs and PavPGs, including phylogenetic relationships, conserved motifs, and expression profiling of these genes. The results showed that PavXTH14, PavXTH15 and PavPG38 were most likely to participated in fruit softening owing to the substantial increment in expression during fruit development and ripening. Furthermore, the phytohormone ABA, MeJA, and ethephon significantly elevated the expression of PavPG38 and PavXTH15, and thus promoted fruit softening. Importantly, transient expression PavXTH14, PavXTH15 and PavPG38 in cherry fruits significantly reduced the fruit firmness, and the content of various cell wall components including hemicellulose and pectin significantly changed correspondingly in the transgenic fruit. Taken together, these results present an extensive analysis of XTHs and PGs in sweet cherry and provide potential targets for breeding softening-resistant sweet cherry cultivars via manipulating cell wall-associated genes.
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17
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Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of Polygalacturonase Gene Family in Maize ( Zea mays L.). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910722. [PMID: 34639068 PMCID: PMC8509529 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Polygalacturonase (PG, EC 3.2.1.15) is a crucial enzyme for pectin degradation and is involved in various developmental processes such as fruit ripening, pollen development, cell expansion, and organ abscission. However, information on the PG gene family in the maize (Zea mays L.) genome and the specific members involved in maize anther development are still lacking. In this study, we identified 55 PG family genes from the maize genome and further characterized their evolutionary relationship and expression patterns. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that ZmPGs are grouped into six Clades, and gene structures of the same Clade are highly conserved, suggesting their functional conservation. The ZmPGs are randomly distributed across maize chromosomes, and collinearity analysis showed that many ZmPGs might be derived from tandem duplications and segmental duplications, and these genes are under purifying selection. Furthermore, gene expression analysis provided insights into possible functional divergence among ZmPGs. Based on the RNA-seq data analysis, we found that many ZmPGs are expressed in various tissues while 18 ZmPGs are highly expressed in maize anther, and their detailed expression profiles in different anther developmental stages were further investigated by using RT-qPCR analysis. These results provide valuable information for further functional characterization and application of the ZmPGs in maize.
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18
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Ghosh A, Saha I, Debnath SC, Hasanuzzaman M, Adak MK. Chitosan and putrescine modulate reactive oxygen species metabolism and physiological responses during chili fruit ripening. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 163:55-67. [PMID: 33812227 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the combined effect of chitosan (CHT) and putrescine (PUT) on the postharvest shelf life of Capsicum fruit concerning the metabolism of reactive oxygen species (ROS) through direct and indirect effects on ripening characters cell wall hydrolyzing enzyme and ROS metabolism. The PUT and CHT directly affected quality indices like color, firmness and water loss with a concomitant oxidative bust in the development of O2•- and H2O2 in fruit pulp. This was accompanied by significant suppression of respiratory flux, a decrease of total soluble solids and ascorbic acid content throughout postharvest storage. PUT applied with CHT modified the oxidative metabolism of fruits by a significant reduction in the level of O2•- and H2O2 content. In addition, a significant accumulation of total polyamine under respective treatment was reasonably correlated with both ROS producing enzyme as well as H2O2 and O2•-. Wall hydrolyzing enzymes like pectin methyl esterase and cellulase had marked downregulation both under PUT and CHT + PUT treatment. Moreover, on close observation, the combinational effects of PUT and CHT had better effects in the regulation of those enzymes as compared to individual treatment. Fruits restore higher antioxidative capacities as evident with superoxide dismutase (SOD), guaiacol peroxidases (GPX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), NADPH oxidase (NOX) and glutathione reductase (GR), indicating their roles on fruit coat softening. Finally, the treatment of PUT and CHT in combination increased shelf life vis-à-vis the quality of fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arijit Ghosh
- Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology Research Unit, Department of Botany, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, 74 1235, Nadia, W.B., India
| | - Indraneel Saha
- Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology Research Unit, Department of Botany, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, 74 1235, Nadia, W.B., India
| | | | - Mirza Hasanuzzaman
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh.
| | - Malay Kumar Adak
- Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology Research Unit, Department of Botany, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, 74 1235, Nadia, W.B., India.
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Bally ISE, Bombarely A, Chambers AH, Cohen Y, Dillon NL, Innes DJ, Islas-Osuna MA, Kuhn DN, Mueller LA, Ophir R, Rambani A, Sherman A, Yan H. The 'Tommy Atkins' mango genome reveals candidate genes for fruit quality. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:108. [PMID: 33618672 PMCID: PMC7898432 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-02858-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mango, Mangifera indica L., an important tropical fruit crop, is grown for its sweet and aromatic fruits. Past improvement of this species has predominantly relied on chance seedlings derived from over 1000 cultivars in the Indian sub-continent with a large variation for fruit size, yield, biotic and abiotic stress resistance, and fruit quality among other traits. Historically, mango has been an orphan crop with very limited molecular information. Only recently have molecular and genomics-based analyses enabled the creation of linkage maps, transcriptomes, and diversity analysis of large collections. Additionally, the combined analysis of genomic and phenotypic information is poised to improve mango breeding efficiency. RESULTS This study sequenced, de novo assembled, analyzed, and annotated the genome of the monoembryonic mango cultivar 'Tommy Atkins'. The draft genome sequence was generated using NRGene de-novo Magic on high molecular weight DNA of 'Tommy Atkins', supplemented by 10X Genomics long read sequencing to improve the initial assembly. A hybrid population between 'Tommy Atkins' x 'Kensington Pride' was used to generate phased haplotype chromosomes and a highly resolved phased SNP map. The final 'Tommy Atkins' genome assembly was a consensus sequence that included 20 pseudomolecules representing the 20 chromosomes of mango and included ~ 86% of the ~ 439 Mb haploid mango genome. Skim sequencing identified ~ 3.3 M SNPs using the 'Tommy Atkins' x 'Kensington Pride' mapping population. Repeat masking identified 26,616 genes with a median length of 3348 bp. A whole genome duplication analysis revealed an ancestral 65 MYA polyploidization event shared with Anacardium occidentale. Two regions, one on LG4 and one on LG7 containing 28 candidate genes, were associated with the commercially important fruit size characteristic in the mapping population. CONCLUSIONS The availability of the complete 'Tommy Atkins' mango genome will aid global initiatives to study mango genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian S E Bally
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Horticulture and Forestry Science, 28 Peters St, Mareeba, QLD, 4880, Australia
| | - Aureliano Bombarely
- Department of Bioscience, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
- School of Plants and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Ag Quad Lane, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Alan H Chambers
- Tropical Research and Education Center, Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, 18905 SW 280th St, Homestead, FL, 33031, USA.
| | - Yuval Cohen
- Department of Fruit Tree Sciences, Volcani Research Center, Derech Hamacabim 68, P.O. Box 15159, 7528809, Rishon Le'Zion, Israel
| | - Natalie L Dillon
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Horticulture and Forestry Science, 28 Peters St, Mareeba, QLD, 4880, Australia
| | - David J Innes
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Horticulture and Forestry Science, EcoSciences Precinct, 41 Boggo Rd, Dutton Park, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - María A Islas-Osuna
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C, Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas 46, Col. La Victoria, 83304, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - David N Kuhn
- Subtropical Horticulture Research Station, USDA-ARS, 13601 Old Cutler Rd, Coral Gables, FL, 33158, USA
| | - Lukas A Mueller
- Boyce Thompson Institute, 533 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Ron Ophir
- Department of Fruit Tree Sciences, Volcani Research Center, Derech Hamacabim 68, P.O. Box 15159, 7528809, Rishon Le'Zion, Israel
| | - Aditi Rambani
- Boyce Thompson Institute, 533 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Amir Sherman
- Department of Fruit Tree Sciences, Volcani Research Center, Derech Hamacabim 68, P.O. Box 15159, 7528809, Rishon Le'Zion, Israel
| | - Haidong Yan
- School of Plants and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Ag Quad Lane, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
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20
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Lehner TB, Siegmund B. The impact of ventilation during postharvest ripening on the development of flavour compounds and sensory quality of mangoes (Mangifera indica L.) cv. Kent. Food Chem 2020; 320:126608. [PMID: 32229396 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The postharvest ripening behaviour of mangoes (Mangifera indica L.) and particularly the development of colour, volatiles, sensory properties and texture, were investigated. Mangoes cv. Kent from Peru were arranged in a postharvest ripening chamber in two different ways enabling different ventilation of the fruits. Fruit properties were investigated in comparison to reference fruits after postharvest ripening for 78 h. Volatile compounds were analysed by HS-SPME GC-MS; an expert panel performed sensory analysis using descriptive methods. The arrangement of the mangoes significantly impacted the ripening procedures. Dense fruit arrangement induced a degradation of terpenes, a reduced formation of reaction products from the lipoxygenase pathway and less pronounced fruitiness and mango flavour. Principal component analysis based on volatile compounds and sensory properties showed a high correlation with the position in the ripening chamber. These data demonstrate the urgent need for further investigations of the postharvest ripening processes to increase mango quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas B Lehner
- Graz University of Technology, Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Stremayrgasse 9/II, A 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Barbara Siegmund
- Graz University of Technology, Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Stremayrgasse 9/II, A 8010 Graz, Austria.
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21
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Li L, Wu HX, Ma XW, Xu WT, Liang QZ, Zhan RL, Wang SB. Transcriptional mechanism of differential sugar accumulation in pulp of two contrasting mango (Mangifera indica L.) cultivars. Genomics 2020; 112:4505-4515. [PMID: 32735916 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Temporal transcriptome analysis combined with targeted metabolomics was employed to investigate the mechanisms of high sugar accumulation in fruit pulp of two contrasting mango cultivars. Ten sugar metabolites were identified in mango pulp with the most dominant being d-glucose. Analysis of the gene expression patterns revealed that the high-sugar cultivar prioritized the conversion of sucrose to d-glucose by up-regulating invertases and β-glucosidases and increased other genes directly contributing to the synthesis of sucrose and d-glucose. In contrast, it repressed the expression of genes converting sucrose, d-glucose and other sugars into intermediates compounds for downstream processes. It also strongly increased the expression of alpha-amylases which may promote high degradation of starch into d-glucose. Besides, ¾ of the sugar transporters was strongly up-regulated, indicative of their preponderant role in sugar accumulation in mango fruit. Overall, this study provides a good insight into the regulation pattern of high sugar accumulation in mango pulp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology of Ministry of Agriculture, South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524091, China
| | - Hong-Xia Wu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology of Ministry of Agriculture, South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524091, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology of Ministry of Agriculture, South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524091, China
| | - Wen-Tian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology of Ministry of Agriculture, South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524091, China
| | - Qing-Zhi Liang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology of Ministry of Agriculture, South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524091, China
| | - Ru-Lin Zhan
- Haikou Experimental Station (Institute of Tropical Fruit Tree), Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Song-Biao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology of Ministry of Agriculture, South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524091, China.
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22
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Zhang S, Ma M, Zhang H, Zhang S, Qian M, Zhang Z, Luo W, Fan J, Liu Z, Wang L. Genome-wide analysis of polygalacturonase gene family from pear genome and identification of the member involved in pear softening. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:587. [PMID: 31881836 PMCID: PMC6935220 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-2168-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polygalacturonase (PG), as an important hydrolase participating in the degradation of pectin, plays an important role in softening process of fruit. However, information on PG gene family in pear genome and the specific member involved in fruit softening is still rudimentary. RESULTS In this study, a total of 61 PG genes, which could be divided into six subclasses, were identified from the pear genome with diverse chromosome locations, gene structures, motifs and cis-acting elements. Most PbrPGs were derived from WGD/segmental duplication blocks, and purifying selection was the main driving force for their expansion. The expression profiles of PbrPGs in pear were tissue/development-stage/cultivar-dependent. During 'Housui' pear storage, associated with the reduction of firmness was the accumulation of PG activity. Totally, 28 PbrPGs were expressed during fruit storage, which could be classified into five categories based on different expression patterns; most demonstrated an increased trend. Of these, PbrPG6 were proposed to account for pear softening in combination of the phylogenetic and correlation analysis among firmness, PG activity and PbrPGs. By constructing the silencing vector, a higher firmness was observed in PbrPG6-silenced fruit when compared with that of the control (empty vector). In a further study, we found that the expression of PbrPG6 was regulated by postharvest 1-MCP/ethrel treatment, and several PbrERFs might function in this process. CONCLUSIONS We identified 61 PbrPG genes from pear genome; of these, PbrPG6 was involved in fruit softening process; furthermore, the expression of PbrPG6 might be under the control of PbrERF. This study provides a foundation for future work aimed at elucidating the molecular mechanism underlying pear softening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suling Zhang
- Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Ma
- Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huping Zhang
- Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shaoling Zhang
- Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ming Qian
- Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weiqi Luo
- USDA, ARS, U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory, 2001 S. Rock Road, Fort Pierce, FL, 34945, USA
| | - Jinbu Fan
- Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Libin Wang
- Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China.
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