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Suh JH, Madden RT, Sung J, Chambers AH, Crane J, Wang Y. Pathway-Based Metabolomics Analysis Reveals Biosynthesis of Key Flavor Compounds in Mango. J Agric Food Chem 2022; 70:10389-10399. [PMID: 34792344 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c06008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mango is a tropical fruit with global demand as a result of its high sensory quality and nutritional attributes. Improving fruit quality at the consumer level could increase demand, but fruit quality is a complex trait requiring a deep understanding of flavor development to uncover key pathways that could become targets for improving sensory quality. Here, a pathway-based metabolomics (untargeted and targeted) approach was used to explore biosynthetic mechanisms of key flavor compounds with five core metabolic pathways (butanoate metabolism, phenylalanine biosynthesis and metabolism, terpenoid backbone biosynthesis, linoleic and linolenic acid pathway, and carbon fixation and sucrose metabolism) in three mango cultivars. The relationships between flavor precursors and flavor compounds were identified using correlation analysis. With these novel strategies, differentially regulated metabolic flux through the pathways was first elucidated, demonstrating possible mechanisms of key flavor formation and regulation in mango fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Hyuk Suh
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Road, Lake Alfred, Florida 33850, United States
| | - Robert T Madden
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Road, Lake Alfred, Florida 33850, United States
| | - Jeehye Sung
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Road, Lake Alfred, Florida 33850, United States
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Andong National University, Andong 36729, South Korea
| | - Alan H Chambers
- Horticultural Sciences Department, Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 18905 SW 280 Street, Homestead, Florida 33031, United States
| | - Jonathan Crane
- Horticultural Sciences Department, Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 18905 SW 280 Street, Homestead, Florida 33031, United States
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Road, Lake Alfred, Florida 33850, United States
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Bally ISE, Bombarely A, Chambers AH, Cohen Y, Dillon NL, Innes DJ, Islas-Osuna MA, Kuhn DN, Mueller LA, Ophir R, Rambani A, Sherman A, Yan H. The 'Tommy Atkins' mango genome reveals candidate genes for fruit quality. BMC Plant Biol 2021; 21:108. [PMID: 33618672 PMCID: PMC7898432 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-02858-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mango, Mangifera indica L., an important tropical fruit crop, is grown for its sweet and aromatic fruits. Past improvement of this species has predominantly relied on chance seedlings derived from over 1000 cultivars in the Indian sub-continent with a large variation for fruit size, yield, biotic and abiotic stress resistance, and fruit quality among other traits. Historically, mango has been an orphan crop with very limited molecular information. Only recently have molecular and genomics-based analyses enabled the creation of linkage maps, transcriptomes, and diversity analysis of large collections. Additionally, the combined analysis of genomic and phenotypic information is poised to improve mango breeding efficiency. RESULTS This study sequenced, de novo assembled, analyzed, and annotated the genome of the monoembryonic mango cultivar 'Tommy Atkins'. The draft genome sequence was generated using NRGene de-novo Magic on high molecular weight DNA of 'Tommy Atkins', supplemented by 10X Genomics long read sequencing to improve the initial assembly. A hybrid population between 'Tommy Atkins' x 'Kensington Pride' was used to generate phased haplotype chromosomes and a highly resolved phased SNP map. The final 'Tommy Atkins' genome assembly was a consensus sequence that included 20 pseudomolecules representing the 20 chromosomes of mango and included ~ 86% of the ~ 439 Mb haploid mango genome. Skim sequencing identified ~ 3.3 M SNPs using the 'Tommy Atkins' x 'Kensington Pride' mapping population. Repeat masking identified 26,616 genes with a median length of 3348 bp. A whole genome duplication analysis revealed an ancestral 65 MYA polyploidization event shared with Anacardium occidentale. Two regions, one on LG4 and one on LG7 containing 28 candidate genes, were associated with the commercially important fruit size characteristic in the mapping population. CONCLUSIONS The availability of the complete 'Tommy Atkins' mango genome will aid global initiatives to study mango genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian S E Bally
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Horticulture and Forestry Science, 28 Peters St, Mareeba, QLD, 4880, Australia
| | - Aureliano Bombarely
- Department of Bioscience, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
- School of Plants and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Ag Quad Lane, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Alan H Chambers
- Tropical Research and Education Center, Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, 18905 SW 280th St, Homestead, FL, 33031, USA.
| | - Yuval Cohen
- Department of Fruit Tree Sciences, Volcani Research Center, Derech Hamacabim 68, P.O. Box 15159, 7528809, Rishon Le'Zion, Israel
| | - Natalie L Dillon
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Horticulture and Forestry Science, 28 Peters St, Mareeba, QLD, 4880, Australia
| | - David J Innes
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Horticulture and Forestry Science, EcoSciences Precinct, 41 Boggo Rd, Dutton Park, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - María A Islas-Osuna
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C, Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas 46, Col. La Victoria, 83304, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - David N Kuhn
- Subtropical Horticulture Research Station, USDA-ARS, 13601 Old Cutler Rd, Coral Gables, FL, 33158, USA
| | - Lukas A Mueller
- Boyce Thompson Institute, 533 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Ron Ophir
- Department of Fruit Tree Sciences, Volcani Research Center, Derech Hamacabim 68, P.O. Box 15159, 7528809, Rishon Le'Zion, Israel
| | - Aditi Rambani
- Boyce Thompson Institute, 533 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Amir Sherman
- Department of Fruit Tree Sciences, Volcani Research Center, Derech Hamacabim 68, P.O. Box 15159, 7528809, Rishon Le'Zion, Israel
| | - Haidong Yan
- School of Plants and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Ag Quad Lane, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
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Hasing T, Tang H, Brym M, Khazi F, Huang T, Chambers AH. A phased Vanilla planifolia genome enables genetic improvement of flavour and production. Nat Food 2020; 1:811-819. [PMID: 37128067 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-020-00197-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The global supply of vanilla extract is primarily sourced from the cured beans of the tropical orchid species Vanilla planifolia. Vanilla plants were collected from Mesoamerica, clonally propagated and globally distributed as part of the early spice trade. Today, the global food and beverage industry depends on descendants of these original plants that have not generally benefited from genetic improvement. As a result, vanilla growers and processors struggle to meet global demand for vanilla extract and are challenged by inefficient and unsustainable production practices. Here, we report a chromosome-scale, phased V. planifolia genome, which reveals sequence variants for genes that may impact the vanillin pathway and therefore influence bean quality. Resequencing of related vanilla species, including the minor commercial species Vanilla × tahitensis, identified genes that could impact productivity and post-harvest losses through pod dehiscence, flower anatomy and disease resistance. The vanilla genome reported in this study may enable accelerated breeding of vanilla to improve high-value traits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Haibao Tang
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Maria Brym
- Tropical Research and Education Center, Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Homestead, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Alan H Chambers
- Tropical Research and Education Center, Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Homestead, FL, USA.
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Li J, Demesyeux L, Brym M, Chambers AH. Development of species-specific molecular markers in Vanilla for seedling selection of hybrids. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:1905-1920. [PMID: 32026319 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05287-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Vanilla planifolia is the primary botanical source of vanilla extract used globally in various foods and beverages. V. planifolia has a global distribution based on a few foundational clones and therefore has limited genetic diversity. Many Vanilla species easily hybridize with V. planifolia and could be a source of valuable genetic traits like increased vanillin content, disease resistance, or early flowering. While breeding Vanilla hybrids may improve plant performance, basic molecular tools for this species are lacking. DNA-based molecular markers are the most efficient method to validate hybrid progeny, detect hybrids in commercial plantings, and identify unknown accessions. This study used publicly available sequence data to develop species-specific, qRT-PCR-based molecular markers for Vanilla. Over 580,000 assembled sequence fragments were filtered for species specificity and twenty-two targets were selected for qRT-PCR screening. Ten targets differentially amplified among V. planifolia, V. pompona, V. phaeantha, and V. palmarum with ΔCT values as high as 17.58 between species. The ten targets were used to validate the parentage of hybrid progeny from controlled crosses with most hybrid progeny showing amplification patterns similar to both parents. The ten targets were also used to screen sixteen Vanilla species for specificity, and supported species assignments for unknown accessions including the detection of putative hybrids. This is the first report using species-specific, qRT-PCR-based molecular markers in Vanilla. These markers are inexpensive, simple to develop, and can rapidly screen large populations. These methods will enable the further development of species-specific molecular markers when creating Vanilla interspecific hybrid populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- Department of Horticulture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, 501 Zhongkai Rd., Guangzhou, 510225, Guangdong, China.,Horticultural Sciences Department, Tropical Research and Education Center, 18905 SW 280th St., Homestead, FL, 33031, USA
| | - Lynhe Demesyeux
- Horticultural Sciences Department, Tropical Research and Education Center, 18905 SW 280th St., Homestead, FL, 33031, USA
| | - Maria Brym
- Horticultural Sciences Department, Tropical Research and Education Center, 18905 SW 280th St., Homestead, FL, 33031, USA
| | - Alan H Chambers
- Horticultural Sciences Department, Tropical Research and Education Center, 18905 SW 280th St., Homestead, FL, 33031, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan H Chambers
- Alan H. Chambers is an assistant professor at the University of Florida in Homestead. Send your career story to
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Sung J, Suh JH, Chambers AH, Crane J, Wang Y. Relationship between Sensory Attributes and Chemical Composition of Different Mango Cultivars. J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:5177-5188. [PMID: 30977646 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b01018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the relationship between the chemical composition and sensory quality of different mango ( Mangifera indica L.) cultivars by multivariate statistical analysis. The results showed that the high hedonic rating of mangoes was due in part to its flavor profile such as fruity, pineapple, and coconut with sweetness. High hedonic liking and positive flavors of mangoes could be responsible for the volatile compounds including fruity esters, 1-octanol, ( E, Z)-2,6-nonadienal, and γ-octalactone with high contents of sugars. On the other hand, turpentine-like and green flavors of mangoes are attributed to the relatively low hedonic liking of mangoes, which correlated with high contents of amino acids and terpenes. These findings demonstrated that interaction between individual chemical compounds within mangoes could be responsible for the specific sensory qualities of mango cultivars and provided insight into a paradigm for the selection and development of new and more desirable mango cultivars in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeehye Sung
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Citrus Research and Education Center , University of Florida , 700 Experiment Station Road , Lake Alfred , Florida 33850 , United States
| | | | - Alan H Chambers
- Tropical Research and Education Center , University of Florida , IFAS, 18905 SW 280 Street , Homestead , Florida 33031 , United States
| | - Jonathan Crane
- Tropical Research and Education Center , University of Florida , IFAS, 18905 SW 280 Street , Homestead , Florida 33031 , United States
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Citrus Research and Education Center , University of Florida , 700 Experiment Station Road , Lake Alfred , Florida 33850 , United States
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Hu Y, Resende MFR, Bombarely A, Brym M, Bassil E, Chambers AH. Genomics-based diversity analysis of Vanilla species using a Vanilla planifolia draft genome and Genotyping-By-Sequencing. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3416. [PMID: 30833623 PMCID: PMC6399343 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40144-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Demand for all-natural vanilla flavor is increasing, but its botanical source, Vanilla planifolia, faces critical challenges arising from a narrow germplasm base and supply limitations. Genomics tools are the key to overcoming these limitations by enabling advanced genetics and plant breeding for new cultivars with improved yield and quality. The objective of this work was to establish the genomic resources needed to facilitate analysis of diversity among Vanilla accessions and to provide a resource to analyze other Vanilla collections. A V. planifolia draft genome was assembled and used to identify 521,732 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers using Genotyping-By-Sequencing (GBS). The draft genome had a size of 2.20 Gb representing 97% of the estimated genome size. A filtered set of 5,082 SNPs was used to genotype a living collection of 112 Vanilla accessions from 23 species including native Florida species. Principal component analysis of the genetic distances, population structure, and the maternally inherited rbcL gene identified putative hybrids, misidentified accessions, significant diversity within V. planifolia, and evidence for 12 clusters that separate accessions by species. These results validate the efficiency of genomics-based tools to characterize and identify genetic diversity in Vanilla and provide a significant tool for genomics-assisted plant breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Hu
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Marcio F R Resende
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Aureliano Bombarely
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA.,Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Brym
- Tropical Research and Education Center, Horticultural Sciences Department, Homestead, FL, USA
| | - Elias Bassil
- Tropical Research and Education Center, Horticultural Sciences Department, Homestead, FL, USA.
| | - Alan H Chambers
- Tropical Research and Education Center, Horticultural Sciences Department, Homestead, FL, USA.
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Pillet J, Chambers AH, Barbey C, Bao Z, Plotto A, Bai J, Schwieterman M, Johnson T, Harrison B, Whitaker VM, Colquhoun TA, Folta KM. Identification of a methyltransferase catalyzing the final step of methyl anthranilate synthesis in cultivated strawberry. BMC Plant Biol 2017; 17:147. [PMID: 28859633 PMCID: PMC5580298 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-017-1088-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methyl anthranilate (MA) contributes an attractive fruity note to the complex flavor and aroma of strawberry (Fragaria spp.), yet it is rare in modern cultivars. The genetic basis for its biosynthesis has not been elucidated. Understanding the specific genes required for its synthesis could allow the development of gene/allele-specific molecular markers to speed breeding of flavorful strawberries. RESULTS Ripe fruits from individuals in an F1 population resulting from a cross between a MA producer and a non-producer were examined using a bulk-segregant transcriptome approach. MA producer and non-producer transcriptomes were compared, revealing five candidate transcripts that strictly co-segregated with MA production. One candidate encodes an annotated methyltransferase. MA levels are lower when this transcript is suppressed with RNAi, and bacterial cultures expressing the protein produced MA in the presence of anthranilic acid. Frozen fruit powders reconstituted with anthranilic acid and a methyl donor produced MA only if the transcript was detected in the fruit powder. A DNA-based molecular marker was developed that segregates with the MA-producing gene variant. CONCLUSIONS These analyses indicate that the methyltransferase, now noted ANTHRANILIC ACID METHYL TRANSFERASE (FanAAMT), mediates the ultimate step of MA production in cultivated strawberry. Identification of this gene and its associated molecular marker may hasten breeding efforts to introduce this important volatile into modern cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Pillet
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, 1251 Fifield Hall, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Alan H Chambers
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, 1251 Fifield Hall, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Homestead, FL, USA
| | - Christopher Barbey
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, 1251 Fifield Hall, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Zhilong Bao
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, 1251 Fifield Hall, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Anne Plotto
- Horticultural Research Laboratory, Agriculture Research Service, USDA, Ft. Pierce, FL, USA
| | - Jinhe Bai
- Horticultural Research Laboratory, Agriculture Research Service, USDA, Ft. Pierce, FL, USA
| | - Michael Schwieterman
- Environmental Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Timothy Johnson
- Environmental Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Benjamin Harrison
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, 1251 Fifield Hall, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Vance M Whitaker
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, 1251 Fifield Hall, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Wimauma, FL, USA
| | - Thomas A Colquhoun
- Environmental Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kevin M Folta
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, 1251 Fifield Hall, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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Pillet J, Yu HW, Chambers AH, Whitaker VM, Folta KM. Identification of candidate flavonoid pathway genes using transcriptome correlation network analysis in ripe strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) fruits. J Exp Bot 2015; 66:4455-67. [PMID: 25979996 PMCID: PMC4507756 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
New modulators of the strawberry flavonoid pathway were identified through correlation network analysis. The transcriptomes of red, ripe fruit from two parental lines and 14 of their progeny were compared, and uncharacterized transcripts matching the expression patterns of known flavonoid-pathway genes were identified. Fifteen transcripts corresponded with putative transcription factors, and several of these were examined experimentally using transient expression in developing fruits. The results suggest that two of the newly-identified regulators likely contribute to discrete nodes of the flavonoid pathway. One increases only LEUCOANTHOCYANIDIN REDUCTASE (LAR) and FLAVONOL 3'-HYDROXYLASE (F3'H) transcript accumulation upon overexpression. Another affects LAR and FLAVONOL SYNTHASE (FLS) after overexpression. The third putative transcription factor appears to be a universal regulator of flavonoid-pathway genes, as many pathway transcripts decrease in abundance when this gene is silenced. This report demonstrates that such systems-level approaches may be especially powerful when connected to an effective transient expression system, helping to provide rapid and strong evidence of gene function in key fruit-ripening processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Pillet
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Hao-Wei Yu
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Alan H Chambers
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Vance M Whitaker
- Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Wimauma, FL 33598, USA
| | - Kevin M Folta
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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Chambers AH, Pillet J, Plotto A, Bai J, Whitaker VM, Folta KM. Identification of a strawberry flavor gene candidate using an integrated genetic-genomic-analytical chemistry approach. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:217. [PMID: 24742080 PMCID: PMC4023330 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is interest in improving the flavor of commercial strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) varieties. Fruit flavor is shaped by combinations of sugars, acids and volatile compounds. Many efforts seek to use genomics-based strategies to identify genes controlling flavor, and then designing durable molecular markers to follow these genes in breeding populations. In this report, fruit from two cultivars, varying for presence-absence of volatile compounds, along with segregating progeny, were analyzed using GC/MS and RNAseq. Expression data were bulked in silico according to presence/absence of a given volatile compound, in this case γ-decalactone, a compound conferring a peach flavor note to fruits. RESULTS Computationally sorting reads in segregating progeny based on γ-decalactone presence eliminated transcripts not directly relevant to the volatile, revealing transcripts possibly imparting quantitative contributions. One candidate encodes an omega-6 fatty acid desaturase, an enzyme known to participate in lactone production in fungi, noted here as FaFAD1. This candidate was induced by ripening, was detected in certain harvests, and correlated with γ-decalactone presence. The FaFAD1 gene is present in every genotype where γ-decalactone has been detected, and it was invariably missing in non-producers. A functional, PCR-based molecular marker was developed that cosegregates with the phenotype in F1 and BC1 populations, as well as in many other cultivars and wild Fragaria accessions. CONCLUSIONS Genetic, genomic and analytical chemistry techniques were combined to identify FaFAD1, a gene likely controlling a key flavor volatile in strawberry. The same data may now be re-sorted based on presence/absence of any other volatile to identify other flavor-affecting candidates, leading to rapid generation of gene-specific markers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Kevin M Folta
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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Chambers AH, Evans SA, Folta KM. Methyl anthranilate and γ-decalactone inhibit strawberry pathogen growth and achene Germination. J Agric Food Chem 2013; 61:12625-12633. [PMID: 24328200 DOI: 10.1021/jf404255a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Plant volatile compounds have been shown to affect microbial growth and seed germination. Here two fruity volatiles found in strawberry ( Fragaria × ananassa ), γ-decalactone ("peachlike" aroma) and methyl anthranilate ("grapelike" aroma), were tested for effects on relevant pathogens and seedling emergence. Significant growth reduction was observed for Botrytis cinerea , Colletotrichum gloeosporioides , Colletotrichum acutatum , Phomopsis obscurans , and Gnomonia fragariae at 1 mM γ-decalactone or methyl anthranilate, and 5 mM γ-decalactone or methyl anthranilate supplemented medium resulted in complete cessation of fungal growth. Phytophthora cactorum was especially sensitive to 1 mM γ-decalactone, showing complete growth inhibition. Bacteriostatic effects were observed in Xanthamonas cultures. Postharvest infestations on store-bought strawberries were inhibited with volatile treatment. The γ-decalactone volatile inhibited strawberry and Arabidopsis thaliana germination. These findings show that two compounds contributing to strawberry flavor may also contribute to shelf life and suggest that γ-decalactone may play an ecological role by preventing premature germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan H Chambers
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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Abstract
1. Strength-duration data for the giant fiber of the great stellar nerve of the squid (Loligo pealii) can be approximately described by several mathematical formulations. 2. Excitation time constants for isolated giant fibers are essentially the same as constants of the giant fibers in the intact nerve. 3. The strength-duration curves of the fibers in the intact nerve lie higher on the voltage axis than those of the isolated fibers. It is concluded that the principal effect of other fibers upon the excitation of one fiber in a nerve trunk is that of shunting the stimulating current. 4. Deterioration of the nerve shifts the curve upward and to the left, resulting in shorter time constants. 5. Decreasing interelectrode distance also shifts the curve upward and to the left. 6. Excitation time constants of the giant fibers are larger with plate electrodes than with wire or pore electrodes. 7. The strength-duration curves of the smaller fin nerve fibers lie consistently to the right of, and the time constants are longer than those of the giant fibers.
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Bignell DRD, Seipke RF, Huguet-Tapia JC, Chambers AH, Parry RJ, Loria R. Streptomyces scabies 87-22 contains a coronafacic acid-like biosynthetic cluster that contributes to plant-microbe interactions. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 2010; 23:161-75. [PMID: 20064060 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-23-2-0161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Plant-pathogenic Streptomyces spp. cause scab disease on economically important root and tuber crops, the most important of which is potato. Key virulence determinants produced by these species include the cellulose synthesis inhibitor, thaxtomin A, and the secreted Nec1 protein that is required for colonization of the plant host. Recently, the genome sequence of Streptomyces scabies 87-22 was completed, and a biosynthetic cluster was identified that is predicted to synthesize a novel compound similar to coronafacic acid (CFA), a component of the virulence-associated coronatine phytotoxin produced by the plant-pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae. Southern analysis indicated that the cfa-like cluster in S. scabies 87-22 is likely conserved in other strains of S. scabies but is absent from two other pathogenic streptomycetes, S. turgidiscabies and S. acidiscabies. Transcriptional analyses demonstrated that the cluster is expressed during plant-microbe interactions and that expression requires a transcriptional regulator embedded in the cluster as well as the bldA tRNA. A knockout strain of the biosynthetic cluster displayed a reduced virulence phenotype on tobacco seedlings compared with the wild-type strain. Thus, the cfa-like biosynthetic cluster is a newly discovered locus in S. scabies that contributes to host-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn R D Bignell
- Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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