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Baraniecka P, Seibt W, Groten K, Kessler D, McGale E, Gase K, Baldwin IT, Pannell JR. Prezygotic mate selection is only partially correlated with the expression of NaS-like RNases and affects offspring phenotypes. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:2832-2844. [PMID: 38581189 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Nicotiana attenuata styles preferentially select pollen from among accessions with corresponding expression patterns of NaS-like-RNases (SLRs), and the postpollination ethylene burst (PPEB) is an accurate predictor of seed siring success. However, the ecological consequences of mate selection, its effect on the progeny, and the role of SLRs in the control of ethylene signaling remain unknown. We explored the link between the magnitude of the ethylene burst and expression of the SLRs in a set of recombinant inbred lines (RILs), dissected the genetic underpinnings of mate selection through genome-wide association study (GWAS), and examined its outcome for phenotypes in the next generation. We found that high levels of PPEB are associated with the absence of SLR2 in most of the tested RILs. We identified candidate genes potentially involved in the control of mate selection and showed that pollination of maternal genotypes with their favored pollen donors produces offspring with longer roots. When the maternal genotypes are only able to select against nonfavored pollen donors, the selection for such positive traits is abolished. We conclude that plants' ability of mate choice contributes to measurable changes in progeny phenotypes and is thus likely a target of selection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wibke Seibt
- MPI for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, Jena, 07745, Germany
| | - Karin Groten
- MPI for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, Jena, 07745, Germany
| | - Danny Kessler
- MPI for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, Jena, 07745, Germany
| | - Erica McGale
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Klaus Gase
- MPI for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, Jena, 07745, Germany
| | - Ian T Baldwin
- MPI for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, Jena, 07745, Germany
| | - John R Pannell
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
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2
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Wang C, Qin K, Shang X, Gao Y, Wu J, Ma H, Wei Z, Dai G. Mapping quantitative trait loci associated with self-(in)compatibility in goji berries (Lycium barbarum). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:441. [PMID: 38778301 PMCID: PMC11112781 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05092-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Goji (Lycium barbarum L.) is a perennial deciduous shrub widely distributed in arid and semiarid regions of Northwest China. It is highly valued for its medicinal and functional properties. Most goji varieties are naturally self-incompatible, posing challenges in breeding and cultivation. Self-incompatibility is a complex genetic trait, with ongoing debates regarding the number of self-incompatible loci. To date, no genetic mappings has been conducted for S loci or other loci related to self-incompatibility in goji. RESULTS We used genome resequencing to create a high-resolution map for detecting de novo single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in goji. We focused on 229 F1 individuals from self-compatible '13-19' and self-incompatible 'new 9' varieties. Subsequently, we conducted a quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis on traits associated with self-compatibility in goji berries. The genetic map consisted of 249,327 SNPs distributed across 12 linkage groups (LGs), spanning a total distance of 1243.74 cM, with an average interval of 0.002 cM. Phenotypic data related to self-incompatibility, such as average fruit weight, fruit rate, compatibility index, and comparable compatibility index after self-pollination and geitonogamy, were collected for the years 2021-2022, as well as for an extra year representing the mean data from 2021 to 2022 (2021/22). A total of 43 significant QTL, corresponding to multiple traits were identified, accounting for more than 11% of the observed phenotypic variation. Notably, a specific QTL on chromosome 2 consistently appeared across different years, irrespective of the relationship between self-pollination and geitonogamy. Within the localization interval, 1180 genes were annotated, including Lba02g01102 (annotated as an S-RNase gene), which showed pistil-specific expression. Cloning of S-RNase genes revealed that the parents had two different S-RNase alleles, namely S1S11 and S2S8. S-genotype identification of the F1 population indicated segregation of the four S-alleles from the parents in the offspring, with the type of S-RNase gene significantly associated with self-compatibility. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our study provides valuable insights into the genetic mechanism underlying self-compatibility in goji berries. This highlights the importance of further positional cloning investigations and emphasizes the importance of integration of marker-assisted selection in goji breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiping Wang
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, 750021, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
| | - Ken Qin
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, 750002, China
| | - Xiaohui Shang
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Yan Gao
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, 750002, China
| | - Jiali Wu
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Haijun Ma
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
- Ningxia Grape and Wine Technology Center, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Zhaojun Wei
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Guoli Dai
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, 750002, China.
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Hu D, Lin D, Yi S, Gao S, Lei T, Li W, Xu T. Comparative stigmatic transcriptomics reveals self and cross pollination responses to heteromorphic incompatibility in Plumbago auriculata Lam. Front Genet 2024; 15:1372644. [PMID: 38510275 PMCID: PMC10953596 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1372644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
"Heteromorphic self-incompatibility" (HetSI) in plants is a mechanism of defense to avoid self-pollination and promote outcrossing. However, the molecular mechanism underlying HetSI remains largely unknown. In this study, RNA-seq was conducted to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying self-compatible (SC, "T × P" and "P × T") and self-incompatible (SI, "T × T" and "P × P") pollination in the two types of flowers of Plumbago auriculata Lam. which is a representative HetSI plant. By comparing "T × P" vs. "T × T", 3773 (1407 upregulated and 2366 downregulated) differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, 1261 DEGs between "P × T" and "P × P" (502 upregulated and 759 downregulated). The processes in which these DEGs were significantly enriched were "MAPK (Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases-plant) signaling pathway", "plant-pathogen interaction","plant hormone signal transduction", and "pentose and glucuronate interconversion" pathways. Surprisingly, we discovered that under various pollination conditions, multiple notable genes that may be involved in HetSI exhibited distinct regulation. We can infer that the HetSI strategy might be unique in P. auriculata. It was similar to "sporophytic self-incompatibility" (SSI) but the HetSI mechanisms in pin and thrum flowers are diverse. In this study, new hypotheses and inferences were proposed, which can provide a reference for crop production and breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Hu
- College of Fine Art and Calligraphy, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Di Lin
- Sichuan Certification and Accreditation Association, Chengdu, China
| | - Shouli Yi
- College of Fine Art and Calligraphy, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Suping Gao
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Lei
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenji Li
- School of Design, Chongqing Industry Polytechnic College, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingdan Xu
- College of Fine Art and Calligraphy, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
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4
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Dou S, Zhang T, Wang L, Yang C, Quan C, Liang X, Ma C, Dai C. The self-compatibility is acquired after polyploidization: a case study of Brassica napus self-incompatible trilinear hybrid breeding system. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:1690-1707. [PMID: 38037276 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Self-incompatibility plays a vital role in angiosperms, by preventing inbreeding depression and maintaining genetic diversity within populations. Following polyploidization, many angiosperm species transition from self-incompatibility to self-compatibility. Here, we investigated the S-locus in Brassicaceae and identified distinct origins for the sRNA loci, SMI and SMI2 (SCR Methylation Inducer 1 and 2), within the S-locus. The SMI loci were found to be widespread in Cruciferae, whereas the SMI2 loci were exclusive to Brassica species. Additionally, we discovered four major S-haplotypes (BnS-1, BnS-6, BnS-7, and BnS-1300) in rapeseed. Overexpression of BnSMI-1 in self-incompatible Brassica napus ('S-70S1300S6 ') resulted in a significant increase in DNA methylation in the promoter regions of BnSCR-6 and BnSCR-1300, leading to self-compatibility. Conversely, by overexpressing a point mutation of BnSmi-1 in the 'S-70S1300S6 ' line, we observed lower levels of DNA methylation in BnSCR-6 and BnSCR-1300 promoters. Furthermore, the overexpression of BnSMI2-1300 in the 'SI-326S7S6 ' line inhibited the expression of BnSCR-7 through transcriptional repression of the Smi2 sRNA from the BnS-1300 haplotype. Our study demonstrates that the self-compatibility of rapeseed is determined by S-locus sRNA-mediated silencing of SCR after polyploidization, which helps to further breed self-incompatible or self-compatible rapeseed lines, thereby facilitating the utilization of heterosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengwei Dou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Lulin Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chuang Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chengtao Quan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiaomei Liang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chaozhi Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Cheng Dai
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
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5
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Moreels P, Bigot S, Defalque C, Correa F, Martinez JP, Lutts S, Quinet M. Intra- and inter-specific reproductive barriers in the tomato clade. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1326689. [PMID: 38143584 PMCID: PMC10739309 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1326689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) domestication and later introduction into Europe resulted in a genetic bottleneck that reduced genetic variation. Crosses with other wild tomato species from the Lycopersicon clade can be used to increase genetic diversity and improve important agronomic traits such as stress tolerance. However, many species in the Lycopersicon clade have intraspecific and interspecific incompatibility, such as gametophytic self-incompatibility and unilateral incompatibility. In this review, we provide an overview of the known incompatibility barriers in Lycopersicon. We begin by addressing the general mechanisms self-incompatibility, as well as more specific mechanisms in the Rosaceae, Papaveraceae, and Solanaceae. Incompatibility in the Lycopersicon clade is discussed, including loss of self-incompatibility, species exhibiting only self-incompatibility and species presenting both self-compatibility and self-incompatibility. We summarize unilateral incompatibility in general and specifically in Lycopersicon, with details on the 'self-compatible x self-incompatible' rule, implications of self-incompatibility in unilateral incompatibility and self-incompatibility-independent pathways of unilateral incompatibility. Finally, we discuss advances in the understanding of compatibility barriers and their implications for tomato breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Moreels
- Groupe de Recherche en Physiologie végétale, Earth and Life Institute-Agronomy, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Servane Bigot
- Groupe de Recherche en Physiologie végétale, Earth and Life Institute-Agronomy, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Corentin Defalque
- Groupe de Recherche en Physiologie végétale, Earth and Life Institute-Agronomy, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Francisco Correa
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIA-Rayentué), Rengo, Chile
| | | | - Stanley Lutts
- Groupe de Recherche en Physiologie végétale, Earth and Life Institute-Agronomy, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Muriel Quinet
- Groupe de Recherche en Physiologie végétale, Earth and Life Institute-Agronomy, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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6
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Washburn M, Alaniz-Fabián J, Scroggs T, Nelms B. Single-cell RNA-seq of maize meiocytes and pollen grains. Nat Protoc 2023; 18:3512-3533. [PMID: 37783945 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-023-00889-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) provides invaluable knowledge on developmental pathways and the effects of mutant phenotypes. Plant reproductive cells have traditionally been difficult to isolate for genomics because they are rare and often deeply embedded within somatic tissues. Here, we present a protocol to isolate single maize meiocytes and pollen grains for RNA-seq. We discuss how to identify and isolate each sample type under a microscope, prepare RNA-seq libraries and analyze the data. This technique has several advantages over alternative methods, combining the ability to target specific rare cell types while resolving cell-to-cell heterogeneity with single-cell RNA-seq. The technique is compatible with minute amounts of starting material (e.g., a single anther), making it possible to collect dense time courses. Furthermore, developmentally synchronized anthers are saved for microscopy, allowing staging to be performed in parallel with expression analysis. Up to 200 cells can be collected in 4-5 h by someone proficient in tissue dissection, and library preparation can be completed in 2 d by researchers experienced in molecular biology and genomics. This protocol will facilitate research on plant reproduction, providing insights critical to plant breeding, genetics and agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jaime Alaniz-Fabián
- National Laboratory of Genomics for Biodiversity, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (CINVESTAV-LANGEBIO), Irapuato, Mexico
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7
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Felmy A, Streiff AB, Jokela J. Propensity for selfing varies within a population of hermaphroditic snails: coexistence of selfers, outcrossers and mixed-mating individuals. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 10:230532. [PMID: 37800152 PMCID: PMC10548103 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.230532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
To understand mating-system evolution in self-compatible hermaphrodites, variation in selfing rates is highly relevant. Empirical studies are rarely designed to capture variation between individuals, instead often comparing species and populations. Yet, evolution primarily occurs within populations, rendering among-individual variation essential. Observed individual selfing rates depend on the environment (e.g. differences in mate availability) and individuals' propensity for selfing. We quantified individual variation in selfing propensity in the snail Radix balthica by conducting laboratory mating trials that manipulated mate availability (low versus moderate) and estimating selfing rates from progeny arrays. We also measured female lifetime fitness. We found substantial among-individual variation in selfing propensity, including pure selfers (32%), pure outcrossers (31%) and mixed-mating individuals that selfed and outcrossed (37%). Experimental levels of mate availability did not significantly affect selfing rates. Selfers had reduced female liftetime fitness. Our results show that the propensity for selfing can differ considerably among individuals, with similar proportions of selfers, outcrossers and mixed maters. As mate availability did not affect selfing, our 'moderate' experimental level of mate availability might still have been too low to prompt selfers to outcross. This and the observed fitness differences also cautiously suggest that investigating the heritability of selfing propensities might be worthwhile in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Felmy
- Department of Biology, Aquatic Ecology Unit, Lund University, 22362 Lund, Sweden
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, EAWAG, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- ETH Zurich, D-USYS, Institute of Integrative Biology, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alena B. Streiff
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, EAWAG, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- ETH Zurich, D-USYS, Institute of Integrative Biology, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jukka Jokela
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, EAWAG, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- ETH Zurich, D-USYS, Institute of Integrative Biology, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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8
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Horiuchi A, Masuda K, Shirasawa K, Onoue N, Matsuzaki R, Tao R, Kubo Y, Ushijima K, Akagi T. Genetic basis of lineage-specific evolution of fruit traits in hexaploid persimmon. DNA Res 2023; 30:dsad015. [PMID: 37326063 PMCID: PMC10468310 DOI: 10.1093/dnares/dsad015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Frequent polyploidization events in plants have led to the establishment of many lineage-specific traits representing each species. Little is known about the genetic bases for these specific traits in polyploids, presumably due to plant genomic complexity and their difficulties in applying genetic approaches. Hexaploid Oriental persimmon (Diospyros kaki) has evolved specific fruit characteristics, including wide variations in fruit shapes and astringency. In this study, using whole-genome diploidized/quantitative genotypes from ddRAD-Seq data of 173 persimmon cultivars, we examined their population structures and potential correlations between their structural transitions and variations in nine fruit traits. The population structures of persimmon cultivars were highly randomized and not substantially correlated with the representative fruit traits focused on in this study, except for fruit astringency. With genome-wide association analytic tools considering polyploid alleles, we identified the loci associated with the nine fruit traits; we mainly focused on fruit-shape variations, which have been numerically characterized by principal component analysis of elliptic Fourier descriptors. The genomic regions that putatively underwent selective sweep exhibited no overlap with the loci associated with these persimmon-specific fruit traits. These insights will contribute to understanding the genetic mechanisms by which fruit traits are independently established, possibly due to polyploidization events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayano Horiuchi
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Kanae Masuda
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | | | - Noriyuki Onoue
- Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science, NARO, Hiroshima 739-2494, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Matsuzaki
- Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science, NARO, Hiroshima 739-2494, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Tao
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Kubo
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Koichiro Ushijima
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Takashi Akagi
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), PRESTO, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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9
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Bala M, Rehana S, Singh MP. Self-incompatibility: a targeted, unexplored pre-fertilization barrier in flower crops of Asteraceae. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2023; 136:587-612. [PMID: 37452973 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-023-01480-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Asteraceae (synonym as Compositae) is one of the largest angiosperm families among flowering plants comprising one-tenth of all agri-horticultural species grown across various habitats except in Antarctica. These are commercially utilized as cut and loose flowers as well as pot and bedding plants in landscape gardens due to their unique floral traits. Consequently, ineffective seed setting and presence of an intraspecific reproductive barrier known as self-incompatibility (SI) severely reduces the effectiveness of hybridization and self-fertilization by traditional crossing. There have been very few detailed studies of pollen-stigma interactions in this family. Moreover, about 63% of Aster species can barely self-fertilize due to self-incompatibility (SI). The chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum × morifolium) is one of the most economically important ornamental plants in the Asteraceae family which hugely shows incompatibility. Reasons for the low fertility and reproductive capacity of species are still indefinite or not clear. Hence, the temporal pattern of inheritance of self-incompatibility and its effect on reproductive biology needs to be investigated further to improve the breeding efficiency. This review highlights the self-incompatible (SI) system operating in important Astraceous (ornamental) crops which are adversely affected by this mechanism along with different physiological and molecular techniques involved in breaking down self-incompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhu Bala
- Department of Floriculture and Landscaping, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141 004, India.
| | - Shaik Rehana
- Department of Floriculture and Landscaping, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141 004, India
| | - Mohini Prabha Singh
- Department of Floriculture and Landscaping, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141 004, India
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10
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Xiang C, Tao H, Wang T, Meng H, Guan D, Li H, Wei X, Zhang W. Genome-wide identification and characterization of SRLK gene family reveal their roles in self-incompatibility of Erigeron breviscapus. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:402. [PMID: 37460954 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09485-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Self-incompatibility (SI) is a reproductive protection mechanism that plants acquired during evolution to prevent self-recession. As the female determinant of SI specificity, SRK has been shown to be the only recognized gene on the stigma and plays important roles in SI response. Asteraceae is the largest family of dicotyledonous plants, many of which exhibit self-incompatibility. However, systematic studies on SRK gene family in Asteraceae are still limited due to lack of high-quality genomic data. In this study, we performed the first systematic genome-wide identification of S-locus receptor like kinases (SRLKs) in the self-incompatible Asteraceae species, Erigeron breviscapus, which is also a widely used perennial medicinal plant endemic to China.52 SRLK genes were identified in the E. breviscapus genome. Structural analysis revealed that the EbSRLK proteins in E. breviscapus are conserved. SRLK proteins from E. breviscapus and other SI plants are clustered into 7 clades, and the majority of the EbSRLK proteins are distributed in Clade I. Chromosomal and duplication analyses indicate that 65% of the EbSRLK genes belong to tandem repeats and could be divided into six tandem gene clusters. Gene expression patterns obtained in E. breviscapus multiple-tissue RNA-Seq data revealed differential temporal and spatial features of EbSRLK genes. Among these, two EbSRLK genes having high expression levels in tongue flowers were cloned. Subcellular localization assay demonstrated that both of their fused proteins are localized on the plasma membrane. All these results indicated that EbSRLK genes possibly involved in SI response in E. breviscapus. This comprehensive genome-wide study of the SRLK gene family in E. breviscapus provides valuable information for understanding the mechanism of SSI in Asteraceae.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tiantao Wang
- Honghe University, Mengzi, 661100, Yunnan, China
| | | | - Dejun Guan
- Yunnan Zesheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Luxi, Qujing, 652400, Yunnan, China
| | - He Li
- Honghe University, Mengzi, 661100, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiang Wei
- Honghe University, Mengzi, 661100, Yunnan, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Honghe University, Mengzi, 661100, Yunnan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine, Ministry of Education, Minzu University of China), Beijing, 100081, China.
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11
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Gong H, Chang Y, Xu J, Yu X, Gong W. Unilateral cross-incompatibility between Camellia oleifera and C. yuhsienensis provides new insights for hybridization in Camellia spp. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1182745. [PMID: 37465382 PMCID: PMC10350491 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1182745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Camellia yuhsienensis was used to cross with Camellia oleifera to improve the resistance of oil camellia anthracnose. However, unilateral cross-incompatibility (UCI) between C. oleifera and C. yuhsienensis was found during the breeding process. Five C.oleifera cultivars and four C. uhsienensis materials were tested to confirm the UCI between C. oleifera and C. yuhsienensis. 'Huashuo' (HS) and 'Youza 2' (YZ2) were used to represent these two species to characterize the UCI, including pollen tube growth, fertilization and fruit development. The results demonstrated that UCI was prevalent between C. oleifera and C. yuhsienensis. The asynchronous flowering period was a pre-pollination barrier that limited mating between these two species under natural conditions. Interspecific pollen tubes were observed through the styles of these two plants, though the growth rates differed considerably. At 96 hours after pollination, the pollen tube of YZ2 barely entered the ovule, but remained at the base of the style and became swollen. However, the HS pollen tube entered the ovule 48 hours after pollination, double fertilization was observed, and the fruit and seeds developed commonly. Relative to compatible combinations, most unfertilized ovules in incompatible combinations failed to grow, turned brown 150 days after pollination, and the fruits were smaller than expected with uneven enlargement. Investigations on both semi-in vivo and in vitro pollen tubes gave us new idea for thought: the HS style has a stronger inhibitory effect on the interspecific pollen tubes, while calcium alleviates the inhibitory of styles but failed to prevent the appearance of abnormal pollen tube morphology. This study provides useful information on interspecific hybridization between C. oleifera and C. yuhsienensis for understanding reproductive isolation mechanisms and breeding programs in genus Camellia.
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12
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Renner SS. No plant is an island. Curr Biol 2023; 33:R453-R455. [PMID: 37279669 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Most of the world's ecosystems are dominated by plants, and preserving the natural and agricultural landscapes that we depend on therefore requires understanding plants and their interactions at local and global scales. This is challenging because plants' ways of perceiving each other and communicating with each other and with animals are so fundamentally different from the ways we animals communicate with, and manipulate, each other. The collection of articles in the present issue of Current Biology illustrates the progress being made in deciphering some of the processes and mechanisms involved in plant interactions at different scales. While the topic of interactions with plants is very broad, any overview will require covering chemical signals and their reception; mutualisms and symbioses; interactions with pathogens; and interactions in communities. Approaches taken in these fields range from molecular biology and physiology to ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne S Renner
- Washington University, Department of Biology, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA.
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13
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Goring DR, Bosch M, Franklin-Tong VE. Contrasting self-recognition rejection systems for self-incompatibility in Brassica and Papaver. Curr Biol 2023; 33:R530-R542. [PMID: 37279687 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Self-incompatibility (SI) plays a pivotal role in whether self-pollen is accepted or rejected. Most SI systems employ two tightly linked loci encoding highly polymorphic pollen (male) and pistil (female) S-determinants that control whether self-pollination is successful or not. In recent years our knowledge of the signalling networks and cellular mechanisms involved has improved considerably, providing an important contribution to our understanding of the diverse mechanisms used by plant cells to recognise each other and elicit responses. Here, we compare and contrast two important SI systems employed in the Brassicaceae and Papaveraceae. Both use 'self-recognition' systems, but their genetic control and S-determinants are quite different. We describe the current knowledge about the receptors and ligands, and the downstream signals and responses utilized to prevent self-seed set. What emerges is a common theme involving the initiation of destructive pathways that block the key processes that are required for compatible pollen-pistil interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphne R Goring
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Maurice Bosch
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3EB, Wales, UK
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14
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Čmejlová J, Paprštein F, Suran P, Zelený L, Čmejla R. A New One-Tube Reaction Assay for the Universal Determination of Sweet Cherry ( Prunus avium L.) Self-(In)Compatible MGST- and S-Alleles Using Capillary Fragment Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24086931. [PMID: 37108095 PMCID: PMC10139232 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24086931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The sweet cherry plant (Prunus avium L.) is primarily self-incompatible, with so-called S-alleles responsible for the inability of flowers to be pollinated not only by their own pollen grains but also by pollen from other cherries having the same S-alleles. This characteristic has wide-ranging impacts on commercial growing, harvesting, and breeding. However, mutations in S-alleles as well as changes in the expression of M locus-encoded glutathione-S-transferase (MGST) can lead to complete or partial self-compatibility, simplifying orchard management and reducing possible crop losses. Knowledge of S-alleles is important for growers and breeders, but current determination methods are challenging, requiring several PCR runs. Here we present a system for the identification of multiple S-alleles and MGST promoter variants in one-tube PCR, with subsequent fragment analysis on a capillary genetic analyzer. The assay was shown to unequivocally determine three MGST alleles, 14 self-incompatible S-alleles, and all three known self-compatible S-alleles (S3', S4', S5') in 55 combinations tested, and thus it is especially suitable for routine S-allele diagnostics and molecular marker-assisted breeding for self-compatible sweet cherries. In addition, we identified a previously unknown S-allele in the 'Techlovicka´ genotype (S54) and a new variant of the MGST promoter with an 8-bp deletion in the ´Kronio´ cultivar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Čmejlová
- Research and Breeding Institute of Pomology Holovousy Ltd., Holovousy 129, 508 01 Hořice, Czech Republic
| | - František Paprštein
- Research and Breeding Institute of Pomology Holovousy Ltd., Holovousy 129, 508 01 Hořice, Czech Republic
| | - Pavol Suran
- Research and Breeding Institute of Pomology Holovousy Ltd., Holovousy 129, 508 01 Hořice, Czech Republic
| | - Lubor Zelený
- Research and Breeding Institute of Pomology Holovousy Ltd., Holovousy 129, 508 01 Hořice, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Čmejla
- Research and Breeding Institute of Pomology Holovousy Ltd., Holovousy 129, 508 01 Hořice, Czech Republic
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15
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van der Niet T, Egan PA, Schlüter PM. Evolutionarily inspired solutions to the crop pollination crisis. Trends Ecol Evol 2023; 38:435-445. [PMID: 36737302 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2022.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The global decline in insect diversity threatens pollination services, potentially impacting crop production and food security. Here, we argue that this looming pollination crisis is generally approached from an ecological standpoint, and that consideration of evolutionary principles offers a novel perspective. First, we outline that wild plant species have overcome 'pollination crises' throughout evolutionary history, and show how associated principles can be applied to crop pollination. We then highlight technological advances that can be used to adapt crop flowers for optimal pollination by local wild pollinators, especially by increasing generalization in pollination systems. Thus, synergies among fundamental evolutionary research, genetic engineering, and agro-ecological science provide a promising template for addressing a potential pollination crisis, complementing much-needed strategies focused on pollinator conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timotheüs van der Niet
- Centre for Functional Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P. Bag X01, 3209, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa.
| | - Paul A Egan
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 230 53 Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Philipp M Schlüter
- Department of Plant Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 30, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
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16
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Ikram S, Shafqat W, Rehman SU, Qureshi MA, Din SU, Ikram S, Nafees M, Jaskani MJ. Floral Characterization of Pomegranate Genotypes to Improve Hybridization Efficiency. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:165. [PMID: 36616294 PMCID: PMC9824416 DOI: 10.3390/plants12010165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Pomegranate (Punica granatum) has staminate (male), androgynous (hermaphrodite), and intermediate flower types. Floral characterization is difficult for breeding efficiency across many pomegranate genotypes in Pakistan, which is essential for pomegranate cultivar enhancements. The present research focused on the floral characterization and breeding efficiency of fifteen pomegranate genotypes. Flower sex ratio, floral morphological parameters, i.e., flower length, ovary width, flower notch, flower tip and stigma with style length, and fruit set percentage were examined during the experiment. In terms of sex ratio, male flowers were found to be higher among all genotypes. Due to clear differences in flower length, width, and heterostyly facilitating visual identification of the hermaphrodite flowers, genotype Ternab-2, Kandhari White, and Kandhari Red had higher fruit set (≥70%) among all cross combinations attempted. Genotype Sava had higher flower length and heterostyly of hermaphrodite flower type, but ovary width was not very distinct, leading to average crossing success (85-34%). In conclusion, single or combination of morphological characters can be used for accurate identification of hermaphrodite flowers, which can improve hybrid efficiency and fruit set after artificial cross-pollination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sufian Ikram
- Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Waqar Shafqat
- Indian River Research and Education Center, Horticultural Sciences Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA
- Department of Forestry, College of Forest Resources, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA
| | - Sami Ur Rehman
- Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | | | - Safeer ud Din
- Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Salman Ikram
- Department of Horticulture, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan 32200, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nafees
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Jafar Jaskani
- Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
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17
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Cheung AY. Self-incompatibility in Papaver rhoeas: a role for ATP. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 236:1625-1628. [PMID: 36256463 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Y Cheung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular and Cell Biology Program, Plant Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
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18
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Akagi T, Jung K, Masuda K, Shimizu KK. Polyploidy before and after domestication of crop species. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 69:102255. [PMID: 35870416 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2022.102255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in the genomics of polyploid species answer some of the long-standing questions about the role of polyploidy in crop species. Here, we summarize the current literature to reexamine scenarios in which polyploidy played a role both before and after domestication. The prevalence of polyploidy can help to explain environmental robustness in agroecosystems. This review also clarifies the molecular basis of some agriculturally advantageous traits of polyploid crops, including yield increments in polyploid cotton via subfunctionalization, modification of a separated sexuality to selfing in polyploid persimmon via neofunctionalization, and transition to a selfing system via nonfunctionalization combined with epistatic interaction between duplicated S-loci. The rapid progress in genomics and genetics is discussed along with how this will facilitate functional studies of understudied polyploid crop species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Akagi
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.
| | - Katharina Jung
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Kanae Masuda
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kentaro K Shimizu
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland; Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, 641-12 Maioka, 244-0813 Totsuka-ward, Yokohama, Japan.
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19
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Xie F, Vahldick H, Lin Z, Nowack M. Killing me softly - Programmed cell death in plant reproduction from sporogenesis to fertilization. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 69:102271. [PMID: 35963096 PMCID: PMC7613566 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2022.102271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Regulated or programmed cell death (RCD or PCD) is a fundamental biological principle integral to a considerable variety of functions in multicellular organisms. In plants, different PCD processes are part of biotic and abiotic stress responses, but also occur as an essential aspect of unperturbed plant development. PCD is particularly abundant during plant reproduction, eliminating unwanted or no longer needed cells, tissues, or organs in a precisely controlled manner. Failure in reproductive PCD can have detrimental consequences for plant reproduction. Here we shed a light on the latest research into PCD mechanisms in plant reproduction from sex determination over sporogenesis to pollination and fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xie
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hannah Vahldick
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Zongcheng Lin
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Moritz Nowack
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
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20
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Du J, Ge C, Wang T, Wang J, Ni Z, Xiao S, Zhao F, Zhao M, Qiao Y. Combined transcriptomic and proteomic analysis reveals multiple pathways involved in self-pollen tube development and the potential roles of FviYABBY1 in self-incompatibility in Fragaria viridis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:927001. [PMID: 36186066 PMCID: PMC9515988 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.927001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Fragaria viridis exhibits S-RNase-based gametophytic self-incompatibility, in which S-RNase is the major factor inhibiting pollen tube growth. However, the pathways involved in and the immediate causes of the inhibition of pollen tube growth remain unknown. Here, interactive RNA sequencing and proteome analysis revealed changes in the transcriptomic and proteomic profiles of F. viridis styles harvested at 0 and 24 h after self-pollination. A total of 2,181 differentially expressed genes and 200 differentially abundant proteins were identified during the pollen development stage of self-pollination. Differentially expressed genes and differentially abundant proteins associated with self-incompatible pollination were further mined, and multiple pathways were found to be involved. Interestingly, the expression pattern of the transcription factor FviYABBY1, which is linked to polar growth, differed from those of other genes within the same family. Specifically, FviYABBY1 expression was extremely high in pollen, and its expression trend in self-pollinated styles was consistent with that of S-RNase. Furthermore, FviYABBY1 interacted with S-RNase in a non-S haplotype way. Therefore, FviYABBY1 affects the expression of polar growth-related genes in self-pollen tubes and is positively regulated by S-RNase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianke Du
- Laboratory of Fruit Crop Biotechnology, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Horticulture Research, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chunfeng Ge
- Laboratory of Fruit Crop Biotechnology, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Laboratory of Fruit Crop Biotechnology, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Laboratory of Fruit Crop Biotechnology, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiyou Ni
- Laboratory of Fruit Crop Biotechnology, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shiwei Xiao
- Laboratory of Fruit Crop Biotechnology, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fengli Zhao
- Laboratory of Fruit Crop Biotechnology, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mizhen Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Pomology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Yushan Qiao
- Laboratory of Fruit Crop Biotechnology, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Pomology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
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Self-Incompatibility in Apricot: Identifying Pollination Requirements to Optimize Fruit Production. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11152019. [PMID: 35956497 PMCID: PMC9370128 DOI: 10.3390/plants11152019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, an important renewal of apricot cultivars is taking place worldwide, with the introduction of many new releases. Self-incompatible genotypes tolerant to the sharka disease caused by the plum pox virus (PPV), which can severely reduce fruit production and quality, are being used as parents in most breeding programs. As a result, the self-incompatibility trait present in most of those accessions can be transmitted to the offspring, leading to the release of new self-incompatible cultivars. This situation can considerably affect apricot management, since pollination requirements were traditionally not considered in this crop and information is lacking for many cultivars. Thus, the objective of this work was to determine the pollination requirements of a group of new apricot cultivars by molecular identification of the S-alleles through PCR amplification of RNase and SFB regions with different primer combinations. The S-genotype of 66 apricot cultivars is reported, 41 for the first time. Forty-nine cultivars were considered self-compatible and 12 self-incompatible, which were allocated in their corresponding incompatibility groups. Additionally, the available information was reviewed and added to the new results obtained, resulting in a compilation of the pollination requirements of 235 apricot cultivars. This information will allow an efficient selection of parents in apricot breeding programs, the proper design of new orchards, and the identification and solution of production problems associated with a lack of fruit set in established orchards. The diversity at the S-locus observed in the cultivars developed in breeding programs indicates a possible genetic bottleneck due to the use of a reduced number of parents.
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22
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Green Revolution to Gene Revolution: Technological Advances in Agriculture to Feed the World. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11101297. [PMID: 35631721 PMCID: PMC9146367 DOI: 10.3390/plants11101297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Technological applications in agriculture have evolved substantially to increase crop yields and quality to meet global food demand. Conventional techniques, such as seed saving, selective breeding, and mutation breeding (variation breeding), have dramatically increased crop production, especially during the ‘Green Revolution’ in the 1990s. However, newer issues, such as limited arable lands, climate change, and ever-increasing food demand, pose challenges to agricultural production and threaten food security. In the following ‘Gene Revolution’ era, rapid innovations in the biotechnology field provide alternative strategies to further improve crop yield, quality, and resilience towards biotic and abiotic stresses. These innovations include the introduction of DNA recombinant technology and applications of genome editing techniques, such as transcription activator-like effector (TALEN), zinc-finger nucleases (ZFN), and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR associated (CRISPR/Cas) systems. However, the acceptance and future of these modern tools rely on the regulatory frameworks governing their development and production in various countries. Herein, we examine the evolution of technological applications in agriculture, focusing on the motivations for their introduction, technical challenges, possible benefits and concerns, and regulatory frameworks governing genetically engineered product development and production.
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Shin NR, Shin YH, Kim HS, Park YD. Function Analysis of the PR55/ B Gene Related to Self-Incompatibility in Chinese Cabbage Using CRISPR/Cas9. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095062. [PMID: 35563453 PMCID: PMC9102814 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chinese cabbage, a major crop in Korea, shows self-incompatibility (SI). SI is controlled by the type 2A serine/threonine protein phosphatases (PP2As). The PP2A gene is controlled by regulatory subunits that comprise a 36 kDa catalyst C subunit, a 65 kDa regulatory A subunit, and a variety of regulatory B subunits (50–70 kDa). Among them, the PP2A 55 kDa B regulatory subunit (PR55/B) gene located in the A05 chromosome has 13 exons spanning 2.9 kb, and two homologous genes, Bra018924 and Bra014296, were found to be present on the A06 and A08 chromosome, respectively. In this study, we performed a functional analysis of the PR55/B gene using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated system 9 (CRISPR/Cas9)-mediated gene mutagenesis. CRISPR/Cas9 technology can be used to easily introduce mutations in the target gene. Tentative gene-edited lines were generated by the Agrobacterium-mediated transfer and were selected by PCR and Southern hybridization analysis. Furthermore, pods were confirmed to be formed in flower pollination (FP) as well as bud pollination (BP) in some gene-edited lines. Seed fertility of gene-edited lines indicated that the PR55/B gene plays a key role in SI. Finally, self-compatible T-DNA-free T2 gene-edited plants and edited sequences of target genes were secured. The self-compatible Chinese cabbage developed in this study is expected to contribute to Chinese cabbage breeding.
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Laugerotte J, Baumann U, Sourdille P. Genetic control of compatibility in crosses between wheat and its wild or cultivated relatives. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2022; 20:812-832. [PMID: 35114064 PMCID: PMC9055826 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
In the recent years, the agricultural world has been progressing towards integrated crop protection, in the context of sustainable and reasoned agriculture to improve food security and quality, and to preserve the environment through reduced uses of water, pesticides, fungicides or fertilisers. For this purpose, one possible issue is to cross-elite varieties widely used in fields for crop productions with exotic or wild genetic resources in order to introduce new diversity for genes or alleles of agronomical interest to accelerate the development of new improved cultivars. However, crossing ability (or crossability) often depends on genetic background of the recipient varieties or of the donor, which hampers a larger use of wild resources in breeding programmes of many crops. In this review, we tried to provide a comprehensive summary of genetic factors controlling crossing ability between Triticeae species with a special focus on the crossability between wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and rye (Secale cereale), which lead to the creation of Triticale (x Triticosecale Wittm.). We also discussed potential applications of newly identified genes or markers associated with crossability for accelerating wheat and Triticale improvement by application of modern genomics technologies in breeding programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Laugerotte
- Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of CerealsINRAEUniversité Clermont‐AuvergneClermont‐FerrandFrance
| | - Ute Baumann
- School of Agriculture, Food and WineUniversity of AdelaideGlen OsmondSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Pierre Sourdille
- Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of CerealsINRAEUniversité Clermont‐AuvergneClermont‐FerrandFrance
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Sáez A, Aguilar R, Ashworth L, Gleiser G, Morales CL, Traveset A, Aizen MA. Managed honeybees decrease pollination limitation in self-compatible but not in self-incompatible crops. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20220086. [PMID: 35382601 PMCID: PMC8984806 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Modern agriculture is becoming increasingly pollinator-dependent. However, the global stock of domesticated honeybees is growing at a slower rate than its demand, while wild bees are declining worldwide. This uneven scenario of high pollinator demand and low pollinator availability can translate into increasing pollination limitation, reducing the yield of pollinator-dependent crops. However, overall assessments of crop pollination limitation and the factors determining its magnitude are missing. Based on 52 published studies including 30 crops, we conducted a meta-analysis comparing crop yield in pollen-supplemented versus open-pollinated flowers. We assessed the overall magnitude of pollination limitation and whether this magnitude was influenced by (i) the presence/absence of managed honeybees, (ii) crop compatibility system (i.e. self-compatible/self-incompatible) and (iii) the interaction between these two factors. Overall, pollen supplementation increased yield by approximately 34%, indicating sizable pollination limitation. Deployment of managed honeybees and self-compatibility were associated with lower pollination limitation. Particularly, active honeybee management decreased pollination limitation among self-compatible but apparently not among self-incompatible crops. These findings indicate that current pollination regimes are, in general, inadequate to maximize crop yield, even when including managed honeybees, and stress the need of transforming the pollination management paradigm of agricultural landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustín Sáez
- Grupo de Ecología de la Polinización (ECOPOL), Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medio Ambiente (INIBIOMA), CONICET-Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Quintral 1250, Bariloche 8400, Rio Negro, Argentina
| | - Ramiro Aguilar
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba - CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina.,Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica (LANASE), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 58190 Morelia, México
| | - Lorena Ashworth
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba - CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina.,Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica (LANASE), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 58190 Morelia, México
| | - Gabriela Gleiser
- Grupo de Ecología de la Polinización (ECOPOL), Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medio Ambiente (INIBIOMA), CONICET-Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Quintral 1250, Bariloche 8400, Rio Negro, Argentina
| | - Carolina L Morales
- Grupo de Ecología de la Polinización (ECOPOL), Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medio Ambiente (INIBIOMA), CONICET-Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Quintral 1250, Bariloche 8400, Rio Negro, Argentina
| | - Anna Traveset
- Global Change Research Group, Mediterranean Institute for Advanced Studies, 07190 Esporles, Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Marcelo A Aizen
- Grupo de Ecología de la Polinización (ECOPOL), Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medio Ambiente (INIBIOMA), CONICET-Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Quintral 1250, Bariloche 8400, Rio Negro, Argentina.,Wissenschaftskolleg zu Berlin, Berlin 14193, Germany
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Htwe YM, Shi P, Zhang D, Li Z, Xiao Y, Yang Y, Lei X, Wang Y. Programmed Cell Death May Be Involved in the Seedless Phenotype Formation of Oil Palm. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:832017. [PMID: 35401608 PMCID: PMC8984474 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.832017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is a well-known vegetable oil-yielding crop. Seedlessness is one of the most prominent traits in oil palm due to its low processing costs and high oil content. Nevertheless, an extensive study on molecular mechanisms regulating seedless phenotype formation in oil palm is very limited so far. In this study, stigma, style, and ovary from seedless and seeded (Tenera and Pisifera) oil palm trees were used to investigate the possible mechanism. Results showed that non-pollination resulted in no fruits, and self- and cross-pollinations resulted in seedless fruits, while boron treatment had no effect on seedless phenotype formation, implying that seedless trees have incomplete self and outcrossing incompatibility. Furthermore, the transcriptome data analysis highlighted eight programmed cell death (PCD) genes and three groups of PCD-related genes: 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL), S-RNase, and MADS-box. The majority of these genes were significantly up-regulated in the stigma and style of Seedless palm trees compared to Tenera and Pisifera. In addition, the co-expression network analysis confirmed the significant correlation among these genes. Moreover, two simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers (S41 and S44) were developed to identify the seedless phenotype. The up-regulation of 4CL and MADS-box TFs activated the expression of PCD genes; on the other hand, S-RNase resulted in pollen tube RNA degradation and triggered PCD. While the link between PCD and seedless phenotype formation in oil palm has not been extensively studied to date, these findings suggest a role of PCD in pollen tube lethality, leading to double fertilization failure and the seedless phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Min Htwe
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Oil Crops Biology/Coconut Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang, China
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions/Sanya Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, China
| | - Peng Shi
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Oil Crops Biology/Coconut Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang, China
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions/Sanya Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, China
| | - Dapeng Zhang
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Oil Crops Biology/Coconut Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang, China
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions/Sanya Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, China
| | - Zhiying Li
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Oil Crops Biology/Coconut Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang, China
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions/Sanya Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, China
| | - Yong Xiao
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Oil Crops Biology/Coconut Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang, China
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions/Sanya Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, China
| | - Yaodong Yang
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Oil Crops Biology/Coconut Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang, China
| | - Xintao Lei
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Oil Crops Biology/Coconut Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang, China
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Oil Crops Biology/Coconut Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang, China
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions/Sanya Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, China
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27
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Pretz C, Smith SD. Intraspecific breakdown of self-incompatibility in Physalis acutifolia (Solanaceae). AOB PLANTS 2022; 14:plab080. [PMID: 35079331 PMCID: PMC8783618 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plab080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Variation in mating systems is prevalent throughout angiosperms, with many transitions between outcrossing and selfing above and below the species level. This study documents a new case of an intraspecific breakdown of self-incompatibility in a wild relative of tomatillo, Physalis acutifolia. We used controlled greenhouse crosses to identify self-incompatible (SI) and self-compatible (SC) individuals grown from seed sampled across seven sites across Arizona and New Mexico. We measured 14 flower and fruit traits to test for trait variation associated with mating system. We also quantified pollen tube growth in vivo and tested for the presence of the S-RNase proteins in SI and SC styles. We found that seed from six of the seven sites produced SI individuals that terminated self-pollen tubes in the style and showed detectable S-RNase expression. By contrast, seed from one Arizona site produced SC individuals with no S-RNase expression. These SC individuals displayed typical selfing-syndrome traits such as smaller corollas, reduced stigma-anther distances, and a smaller pollen-ovule ratio. We also found plasticity in self-incompatibility as most of the SI individuals became SC and lost S-RNase expression roughly after 6 months in the greenhouse. While fixed differences in mating systems are known among the SI wild species and the often SC domesticated tomatillos, our study is the first to demonstrate intraspecific variation in natural populations as well as variation in SI over an individual's lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Pretz
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, 1900 Pleasant Street, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Corresponding author’s e-mail address:
| | - Stacey D Smith
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, 1900 Pleasant Street, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
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Broz AK, Miller CM, Baek YS, Tovar-Méndez A, Acosta-Quezada PG, Riofrío-Cuenca TE, Rusch DB, Bedinger PA. S-RNase Alleles Associated With Self-Compatibility in the Tomato Clade: Structure, Origins, and Expression Plasticity. Front Genet 2021; 12:780793. [PMID: 34938321 PMCID: PMC8685505 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.780793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The self-incompatibility (SI) system in the Solanaceae is comprised of cytotoxic pistil S-RNases which are countered by S-locus F-box (SLF) resistance factors found in pollen. Under this barrier-resistance architecture, mating system transitions from SI to self-compatibility (SC) typically result from loss-of-function mutations in genes encoding pistil SI factors such as S-RNase. However, the nature of these mutations is often not well characterized. Here we use a combination of S-RNase sequence analysis, transcript profiling, protein expression and reproductive phenotyping to better understand different mechanisms that result in loss of S-RNase function. Our analysis focuses on 12 S-RNase alleles identified in SC species and populations across the tomato clade. In six cases, the reason for gene dysfunction due to mutations is evident. The six other alleles potentially encode functional S-RNase proteins but are typically transcriptionally silenced. We identified three S-RNase alleles which are transcriptionally silenced under some conditions but actively expressed in others. In one case, expression of the S-RNase is associated with SI. In another case, S-RNase expression does not lead to SI, but instead confers a reproductive barrier against pollen tubes from other tomato species. In the third case, expression of S-RNase does not affect self, interspecific or inter-population reproductive barriers. Our results indicate that S-RNase expression is more dynamic than previously thought, and that changes in expression can impact different reproductive barriers within or between natural populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda K Broz
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Christopher M Miller
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - You Soon Baek
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | | | | | | | - Douglas B Rusch
- Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Patricia A Bedinger
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
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29
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Muñoz-Sanz JV, Tovar-Méndez A, Lu L, Dai R, McClure B. A Cysteine-Rich Protein, SpDIR1L, Implicated in S-RNase-Independent Pollen Rejection in the Tomato ( Solanum Section Lycopersicon) Clade. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222313067. [PMID: 34884871 PMCID: PMC8657656 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tomato clade species (Solanum sect. Lycopersicon) display multiple interspecific reproductive barriers (IRBs). Some IRBs conform to the SI x SC rule, which describes unilateral incompatibility (UI) where pollen from SC species is rejected on SI species’ pistils, but reciprocal pollinations are successful. However, SC x SC UI also exists, offering opportunities to identify factors that contribute to S-RNase-independent IRBs. For instance, SC Solanum pennellii LA0716 pistils only permit SC Solanum lycopersicum pollen tubes to penetrate to the top third of the pistil, while S. pennellii pollen penetrates to S. lycopersicum ovaries. We identified candidate S. pennellii LA0716 pistil barrier genes based on expression profiles and published results. CRISPR/Cas9 mutants were created in eight candidate genes, and mutants were assessed for changes in S. lycopersicum pollen tube growth. Mutants in a gene designated Defective in Induced Resistance 1-like (SpDIR1L), which encodes a small cysteine-rich protein, permitted S. lycopersicum pollen tubes to grow to the bottom third of the style. We show that SpDIR1L protein accumulation correlates with IRB strength and that species with weak or no IRBs toward S. lycopersicum pollen share a 150 bp deletion in the upstream region of SpDIR1L. These results suggest that SpDIR1L contributes to an S-RNase-independent IRB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Vicente Muñoz-Sanz
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (A.T.-M.); (L.L.); (R.D.); (B.M.)
- Rijk Zwaan Iberica S.A., Carretera Viator Paraje El Mamí S/N, La Cañada, 04120 Almería, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Alejandro Tovar-Méndez
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (A.T.-M.); (L.L.); (R.D.); (B.M.)
- Elemental Enzymes, 1685 Galt Industrial Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (A.T.-M.); (L.L.); (R.D.); (B.M.)
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Ru Dai
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (A.T.-M.); (L.L.); (R.D.); (B.M.)
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida, Fifield Hall, 2550 Hull Road, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Bruce McClure
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (A.T.-M.); (L.L.); (R.D.); (B.M.)
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30
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Ramanauskas K, Igić B. RNase-based self-incompatibility in cacti. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 231:2039-2049. [PMID: 34101188 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Approximately one-half of all flowering plants express genetically based physiological mechanisms that prevent self-fertilisation. One such mechanism, termed RNase-based self-incompatibility, employs ribonucleases as the pistil component. Although it is widespread, it has only been characterised in a handful of distantly related families, partly due to the difficulties presented by life history traits of many plants, which complicate genetic research. Many species in the cactus family are known to express self-incompatibility but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. We demonstrate the utility of a candidate-based RNA-seq approach, combined with some unusual features of self-incompatibility-causing genes, which we use to uncover the genetic basis of the underlying mechanisms. Specifically, we assembled transcriptomes from Schlumbergera truncata (crab cactus or false Christmas cactus), and interrogated them for tissue-specific expression of candidate genes, structural characteristics, correlation with expressed phenotype(s), and phylogenetic placement. The results were consistent with operation of the RNase-based self-incompatibility mechanism in Cactaceae. The finding yields additional evidence that the ancestor of nearly all eudicots possessed RNase-based self-incompatibility, as well as a clear path to better conservation practices for one of the most charismatic plant families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolis Ramanauskas
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Il, 60607, USA
| | - Boris Igić
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Il, 60607, USA
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31
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Cropano C, Place I, Manzanares C, Do Canto J, Lübberstedt T, Studer B, Thorogood D. Characterization and practical use of self-compatibility in outcrossing grass species. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2021; 127:841-852. [PMID: 33755100 PMCID: PMC8225281 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcab043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-incompatibility (SI) systems prevent self-fertilization in several species of Poaceae, many of which are economically important forage, bioenergy and turf grasses. Self-incompatibility ensures cross-pollination and genetic diversity but restricts the ability to fix useful genetic variation. In most inbred crops it is possible to develop high-performing homozygous parental lines by self-pollination, which then enables the creation of F1 hybrid varieties with higher performance, a phenomenon known as heterosis. The inability to fully exploit heterosis in outcrossing grasses is partially responsible for lower levels of improvement in breeding programmes compared with inbred crops. However, SI can be overcome in forage grasses to create self-compatible populations. This is generating interest in understanding the genetical basis of self-compatibility (SC), its significance for reproductive strategies and its exploitation for crop improvement, especially in the context of F1 hybrid breeding. SCOPE We review the literature on SI and SC in outcrossing grass species. We review the currently available genomic tools and approaches used to discover and characterize novel SC sources. We discuss opportunities barely explored for outcrossing grasses that SC facilitates. Specifically, we discuss strategies for wide SC introgression in the context of the Lolium-Festuca complex and the use of SC to develop immortalized mapping populations for the dissection of a wide range of agronomically important traits. The germplasm available is a valuable practical resource and will aid understanding the basis of inbreeding depression and hybrid vigour in key temperate forage grass species. CONCLUSIONS A better understanding of the genetic control of additional SC loci offers new insight into SI systems, their evolutionary origins and their reproductive significance. Heterozygous outcrossing grass species that can be readily selfed facilitate studies of heterosis. Moreover, SC introduction into a range of grass species will enable heterosis to be exploited in innovative ways in genetic improvement programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Cropano
- Molecular Plant Breeding, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Deutsche Saatveredelung AG, Lippstadt, Germany
| | - Iain Place
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - Chloé Manzanares
- Molecular Plant Breeding, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Javier Do Canto
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), 4500 Tacuarembó, Uruguay
| | | | - Bruno Studer
- Molecular Plant Breeding, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Thorogood
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
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32
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Mariotti R, Pandolfi S, De Cauwer I, Saumitou‐Laprade P, Vernet P, Rossi M, Baglivo F, Baldoni L, Mousavi S. Diallelic self-incompatibility is the main determinant of fertilization patterns in olive orchards. Evol Appl 2021; 14:983-995. [PMID: 33897815 PMCID: PMC8061272 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Self-incompatibility (SI) in flowering plants potentially represents a major obstacle for sexual reproduction, especially when the number of S-alleles is low. The situation is extreme in the commercially important olive tree, where in vitro pollination assays suggested the existence of a diallelic SI (DSI) system involving only two groups (G1 and G2). Varieties belonging to the same SI group cannot fertilize each other, such that successful fruit production is predicted to require pollination between varieties of different groups. To test this prediction, we explored the extent to which the DSI system determines fertilization patterns under field conditions. One hundred and seventeen olive cultivars were first genotyped using 10 highly polymorphic dinucleotide Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers to ascertain varietal identity. Cultivars were then phenotyped through controlled pollination tests to assign each of them to one of the two SI groups. We then collected and genotyped 1440 open pollinated embryos from five different orchards constituted of seven local cultivars with known group of incompatibility groups. Embryos genotype information were used: (i) to assign embryos to the most likely pollen donor genotype in the neighbourhood using paternity analysis, and (ii) to compare the composition of the pollen cloud genetic among recipient trees in the five sites. The paternity analysis showed that the DSI system is the main determinant of fertilization success under field open pollination conditions: G1 cultivars sired seeds exclusively on G2 cultivars, and reciprocally. No self-fertilization events were observed. Our results demonstrate that DSI is a potent force determining pollination success among varieties within olive orchards used for production. They have the potential to improve management practices by guiding the selection of compatible varieties to avoid planting orchards containing sets of varieties with strongly unbalanced SI groups, as these would lead to suboptimal olive production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Martina Rossi
- Institute of Biosciences and BioresourcesCNRPerugiaItaly
| | | | | | - Soraya Mousavi
- Institute of Biosciences and BioresourcesCNRPerugiaItaly
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33
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Tegtmeier R, Pompili V, Singh J, Micheletti D, Silva KJP, Malnoy M, Khan A. Candidate gene mapping identifies genomic variations in the fire blight susceptibility genes HIPM and DIPM across the Malus germplasm. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16317. [PMID: 33004843 PMCID: PMC7529791 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73284-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of apple (Malus domestica) cultivars resistant to fire blight, a devastating bacterial disease caused by Erwinia amylovora, is a priority for apple breeding programs. Towards this goal, the inactivation of members of the HIPM and DIPM gene families with a role in fire blight susceptibility (S genes) can help achieve sustainable tolerance. We have investigated the genomic diversity of HIPM and DIPM genes in Malus germplasm collections and used a candidate gene-based association mapping approach to identify SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) with significant associations to fire blight susceptibility. A total of 87 unique SNP variants were identified in HIPM and DIPM genes across 93 Malus accessions. Thirty SNPs showed significant associations (p < 0.05) with fire blight susceptibility traits, while two of these SNPs showed highly significant (p < 0.001) associations across two different years. This research has provided knowledge about genetic diversity in fire blight S genes in diverse apple accessions and identified candidate HIPM and DIPM alleles that could be used to develop apple cultivars with decreased fire blight susceptibility via marker-assisted breeding or biotechnological approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Tegtmeier
- Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, Cornell University, Geneva, NY, 14456, USA
| | - Valerio Pompili
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Jugpreet Singh
- Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, Cornell University, Geneva, NY, 14456, USA
| | - Diego Micheletti
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | | | - Mickael Malnoy
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy.
| | - Awais Khan
- Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, Cornell University, Geneva, NY, 14456, USA.
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34
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Rabbani N, Al-Motawa M, Thornalley PJ. Protein Glycation in Plants-An Under-Researched Field with Much Still to Discover. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113942. [PMID: 32486308 PMCID: PMC7312737 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research has identified glycation as a non-enzymatic post-translational modification of proteins in plants with a potential contributory role to the functional impairment of the plant proteome. Reducing sugars with a free aldehyde or ketone group such as glucose, fructose and galactose react with the N-terminal and lysine side chain amino groups of proteins. A common early-stage glycation adduct formed from glucose is Nε-fructosyl-lysine (FL). Saccharide-derived reactive dicarbonyls are arginine residue-directed glycating agents, forming advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs). A dominant dicarbonyl is methylglyoxal—formed mainly by the trace-level degradation of triosephosphates, including through the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis. Methylglyoxal forms the major quantitative AGE, hydroimidazolone MG-H1. Glucose and methylglyoxal concentrations in plants change with the developmental stage, senescence, light and dark cycles and also likely biotic and abiotic stresses. Proteomics analysis indicates that there is an enrichment of the amino acid residue targets of glycation, arginine and lysine residues, in predicted functional sites of the plant proteome, suggesting the susceptibility of proteins to functional inactivation by glycation. In this review, we give a brief introduction to glycation, glycating agents and glycation adducts in plants. We consider dicarbonyl stress, the functional vulnerability of the plant proteome to arginine-directed glycation and the likely role of methylglyoxal-mediated glycation in the activation of the unfolded protein response in plants. The latter is linked to the recent suggestion of protein glycation in sugar signaling in plant metabolism. The overexpression of glyoxalase 1, which suppresses glycation by methylglyoxal and glyoxal, produced plants resistant to high salinity, drought, extreme temperature and other stresses. Further research to decrease protein glycation in plants may lead to improved plant growth and assist the breeding of plant varieties resistant to environmental stress and senescence—including plants of commercial ornamental and crop cultivation value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naila Rabbani
- Department of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
- Correspondence: (N.R.); (P.J.T.); Tel.: +974-7479-5649 (N.R.); +974-7090-1635 (P.J.T.)
| | - Maryam Al-Motawa
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar;
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar
| | - Paul J. Thornalley
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar;
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar
- Correspondence: (N.R.); (P.J.T.); Tel.: +974-7479-5649 (N.R.); +974-7090-1635 (P.J.T.)
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