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Pei Y, He Y, Wang X, Xie C, Li L, Sun Q, Liu L, Shan S, Wang P, Liu T, Fan X, Cong M, Jia J. Tartaric acid ameliorates experimental non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by activating the AMP-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 975:176668. [PMID: 38788791 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Tartaric acid (TA) has been shown beneficial effects on blood pressure and lipid levels. However, its effect on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the role of TA in experimental NAFLD. Mice were fed a Western diet for 8 weeks, followed by administration of TA or a vehicle for an additional 12 weeks while continuing on the Western diet. Blood biochemistry including transaminases and glucose tolerance test and liver tissue RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), lipid content, and histology were investigated. The HepG2 cell line was used to explore the mechanism by which TA regulates lipid metabolism. We found that TA significantly improved weight gain, insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis in Western diet-fed mice. By comparing gene expression differences, we found that TA affects pathways related to lipid metabolism, inflammatory response, and fibrosis. Furthermore, TA effectively reduced oleic acid-induced lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells and downregulated the genes associated with fatty acid synthesis, which were enriched in the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway. TA also enhanced the phosphorylation of AMPK which could be reverted by the AMPK inhibitor Compound C in HepG2 cells. Our study suggests that TA improves experimental NAFLD by activating the AMPK signaling pathway. These findings indicate that TA may serve as a potential therapy for the human NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Pei
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, State Key Lab of Digestive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yu He
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, State Key Lab of Digestive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofan Wang
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, State Key Lab of Digestive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Xie
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, State Key Lab of Digestive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Li Li
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, State Key Lab of Digestive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Qingyun Sun
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, State Key Lab of Digestive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, State Key Lab of Digestive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Shan
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, State Key Lab of Digestive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, State Key Lab of Digestive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Tianhui Liu
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, State Key Lab of Digestive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Fan
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, State Key Lab of Digestive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Min Cong
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, State Key Lab of Digestive Health, Beijing, China.
| | - Jidong Jia
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, State Key Lab of Digestive Health, Beijing, China.
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2
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Ford CM, Sweetman C, Fry SC. Ascorbate degradation: pathways, products, and possibilities. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:2733-2739. [PMID: 38349794 PMCID: PMC11066805 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
A role for l-ascorbate as the precursor of several plant compounds adds to its already broad metabolic utility. There are many examples of plant species in which oxalate and l-threonate are formed from l-ascorbate breakdown, and a number of roles have been proposed for this: structural, physiological, and biochemical. On the other hand, the synthesis of l-tartrate from l-ascorbate remains limited to a very few species, amongst which we must be grateful to count the domesticated grapevine Vitis vinifera and its relatives on which wine production is based. Pathways for the degradation of ascorbate were first proposed ~50 years ago and have formed the basis of more recent biochemical and molecular analyses. The present review seeks to summarize some of these findings and to propose opportunities for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Ford
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine and Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, 5005, Australia
| | - Crystal Sweetman
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide 5001, South Australia
| | - Stephen C Fry
- The Edinburgh Cell Wall Group, Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, The King’s Buildings, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
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Griesser M, Savoi S, Bondada B, Forneck A, Keller M. Berry shrivel in grapevine: a review considering multiple approaches. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:2196-2213. [PMID: 38174592 PMCID: PMC11016843 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Grapevine berry shrivel, a ripening disorder, causes significant economic losses in the worldwide wine and table grape industries. An early interruption in ripening leads to this disorder, resulting in shriveling and reduced sugar accumulation affecting yield and fruit quality. Loss of sink strength associated with berry mesocarp cell death is an early symptom of this disorder; however, potential internal or external triggers are yet to be explored. No pathogens have been identified that might cause the ripening syndrome. Understanding the underlying causes and mechanisms contributing to berry shrivel is crucial for developing effective mitigation strategies and finding solutions for other ripening disorders associated with climacteric and non-climacteric fruits. This review discusses alterations in the fruit ripening mechanism induced by berry shrivel disorder, focusing primarily on sugar transport and metabolism, cell wall modification and cell death, and changes in the phytohormone profile. The essential open questions are highlighted and analyzed, thus identifying the critical knowledge gaps and key challenges for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Griesser
- Institute of Viticulture and Pomology, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Konrad Lorenz Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Stefania Savoi
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Bhaskar Bondada
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, Washington State University Tri-Cities, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Astrid Forneck
- Institute of Viticulture and Pomology, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Konrad Lorenz Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Markus Keller
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Prosser, WA 99350, USA
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Gerson KD, Loder A, Landau Z, Anton L. Xenobiotic metabolites modify immune responses of the cervicovaginal epithelium: potential mechanisms underlying barrier disruption. BJOG 2024; 131:665-674. [PMID: 37705143 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.17654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Xenobiotic metabolites are exogenous biochemicals that can adversely impact reproductive health. We previously identified xenobiotics in cervicovaginal fluid during pregnancy in association with short cervix. In other organ systems, xenobiotics can modify epithelial barrier function. We hypothesise that xenobiotics dysregulate epithelial cell and macrophage immune responses as a mechanism to disrupt the cervicovaginal barrier. DESIGN In vitro cell culture system. SETTING Laboratory within academic institution. SAMPLE Vaginal, ectocervical and endocervical epithelial cell lines and primary macrophages. METHODS Cells were treated with diethanolamine (2.5 mM), ethyl glucoside (5 mM) or tartrate (2.5 mM) for 24 h. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases were measured in cell supernatants (n = 3 per condition). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Dunnett's test for multiple comparisons was performed. RESULTS Diethanolamine induces inflammatory cytokines, whereas ethyl glucoside and tartrate generally exert anti-inflammatory effects across all cells. Diethanolamine increases interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-8, interferon γ-induced protein 10 kDa (IP-10), growth-regulated oncogene (GRO), fractalkine, matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1), MMP-9 and MMP-10 (p < 0.05 for all), factors involved in acute inflammation and recruitment of monocytes, neutrophils and lymphocytes. Ethyl glucoside and tartrate decrease multiple cytokines, including RANTES and MCP-1 (p < 0.05 for all), which serve as chemotactic factors. Vaginal cells exhibit heightened inflammatory tone compared with cervical cells and macrophages, with a greater number of differentially expressed analytes after xenobiotic exposure. CONCLUSIONS Xenobiotic metabolites present in the cervicovaginal space during pregnancy modify immune responses, unveiling potential pathways through which environmental exposures may contribute to the pathogenesis of cervical remodelling preceding preterm birth. Future work identifying xenobiotic sources and routes of exposure offers the potential to modify environmental risks to improve pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin D Gerson
- Center for Research on Reproduction and Women's Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Aaron Loder
- Center for Research on Reproduction and Women's Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Zachary Landau
- Center for Research on Reproduction and Women's Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lauren Anton
- Center for Research on Reproduction and Women's Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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5
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Hossain F, Doyle S, Serpe MJ. Method for Glucose and Fructose Quantitation in Beverages Using an Off-the-Shelf Glucose Test Strip. ACS Sens 2024; 9:971-978. [PMID: 38346394 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c02512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
A method was developed for quantifying both glucose and fructose in solutions and grape juice using commercially available glucose test strips connected to a mini-potentiostat. The first step of this sensing approach involved exposing the sample solution to an Accu Chek Aviva glucose test strip, which allowed for the direct quantitation of glucose. To quantify fructose, the solution was exposed to glucose isomerase, which led to the conversion of glucose to fructose and vice versa until an equilibrium was reached. Once equilibrium was reached, the solution was exposed to another glucose test strip; the signal obtained was shown to be related to the total amounts of glucose and fructose in solution. Finally, fructose was quantified by subtracting the glucose concentration (from the initial measurement) from the total concentration of glucose and fructose (from the second measurement after the reaction with glucose isomerase). The method yielded a limit of detection of 0.047 g L-1 for glucose and 0.49 g L-1 for fructose. Importantly, this method was shown to work well for analyzing glucose and fructose concentration in grape juice, which contains >60 g L-1 glucose and fructose. Since the ratio of glucose and fructose concentration in ripe grapes is close to 1, this method can be used to aid in the determination of grape ripeness to guide harvesting times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Hossain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Chittagong, Chattogram 4331, Bangladesh
| | - Shea Doyle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Michael J Serpe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
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Su J, Li M, Yang H, Shu H, Yu K, Cao H, Xu G, Wang M, Zhu Y, Zhu Y, Ma C, Shao J. Enrichment of grape berries and tomato fruit with health-promoting tartaric acid by expression of the Vitis vinifera transketolase VvTK2 gene. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 257:128734. [PMID: 38086429 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Tartaric acid (TA) is a major non-fermentable plant soluble acid that abundantly occur in grapes and wines, imparting low pH and tart flavour to berries thereby regulating numerous quality attributes of wine, such as flavour, microbial stability, and aging potential. Evaluation of acidity in mature fruits of 21 wine grape (Vitis vinifera) varieties revealed significant variation between 'Beichun' and 'Gewürztraminer', which was correlated with TA content. RNA-seq analysis of fruits from the two cultivars at different developmental stages revealed that a transketolase gene, VvTK2, was significantly dominantly expressed in the high TA phenotype 'Beichun' variety. Subcellular localization assay showed that VvTK2 protein was located in the chloroplast. Virus-induced VvTK2 gene silencing significantly decreased the expression of 2-keto-L-gulonic acid reductase (Vv2-KGR) as well as L-idonate dehydrogenase (VvL-IdnDH3) and inhibited TA accumulation, while its transient over-expression in grape showed the opposite results. Heterologous VvTK2 over-expression in tomato demonstrated its obvious capacity to induce TA synthesis. Overall, these results highlights a novel role of VvTK2 in modulating TA biosynthesis, which could be an excellent strategy for future genetic improvement of grape flavour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Su
- College of Landscape and Horticulture, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Menghan Li
- College of Landscape and Horticulture, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Huanqi Yang
- College of Landscape and Horticulture, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Helin Shu
- College of Landscape and Horticulture, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Kunmiao Yu
- College of Landscape and Horticulture, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Huiling Cao
- College of Landscape and Horticulture, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Gezhe Xu
- College of Landscape and Horticulture, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Minghui Wang
- College of Landscape and Horticulture, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Yifan Zhu
- College of Plant protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Yingan Zhu
- College of Landscape and Horticulture, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Chunhua Ma
- College of Landscape and Horticulture, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China.
| | - Jianhui Shao
- College of Plant protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China.
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Domínguez López I, Arancibia-Riveros C, Casas R, Galkina P, Pérez M, Martínez-González MÁ, Fitó M, Ros E, Estruch R, Lamuela-Raventós RM. Moderate wine consumption measured using the biomarker urinary tartaric acid concentration decreases inflammatory mediators related to atherosclerosis. J Nutr Health Aging 2024; 28:100003. [PMID: 38388107 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnha.2023.100003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Several studies suggest that moderate wine consumption, particularly red wine, may have benefits for cardiovascular health. Red wine contains a variety of bioactive compounds, including polyphenols like phenolic acids, which have demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects in experimental models. The aim of this study was to assess the anti-inflammatory properties of wine, measured as urinary tartaric acid, a new biomarker of wine consumption. DESIGN, SETTINGS, AND PARTICIPANTS One-year longitudinal study that included 217 participants from the PREDIMED trial. MEASUREMENTS Plasma inflammatory biomarkers and urinary tartaric acid were analyzed using xMAP technology and high-performance liquid chromatography, respectively. Multivariable regression analyses were performed to assess the relationship between variations over 1-year in urinary tartaric acid concentrations and 1-year changes in serum inflammatory molecules, including adhesion cell molecules, interleukine-6, tumour necrosis factor alpha, and monocyte chemotactic protein 1. Three categories were built according to tertiles of 1-y changes in urinary tartaric acid. RESULTS Using a ROC curve, urinary tartaric acid was corroborated as a reliable biomarker of wine consumption (AUC = 0.818 (95% CI: 0.76; 0.87). In the continuous analysis, participants with higher increases in tartaric acid significantly reduced their concentrations in soluble vascular adhesion molecule (sVCAM-1) after 1-year of follow-up (-0.20 (-0.38; -9,93) ng/mL per 1-SD increment, p-value = 0.031). Moreover, tertiles 2 and 3 of 1-year changes in tartaric acid presented a significant reduction in soluble intercellular cell adhesion molecule (sICAM-1) as compared to tertile 1 (-0.31 (-0.52; -0.10) ng/mL, p-value = 0.014 and -0.29 (-0.52; -0.07) ng/mL, p-value = 0.023, respectively). Participants in the third tertile also exhibited a reduced concentration of sVCAM-1 compared to those in the first tertile (-0.31 (-0.55; -0.06) ng/mL, p-value = 0.035). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that wine consumption is associated with lower levels of inflammation due to the anti-inflammatory properties of wine compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Domínguez López
- Polyphenol Research Group, Departament de Nutrició, Ciències de l'Alimentació i Gastronomía, Facultat de Farmacia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Av. de Joan XXII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramanet, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Camila Arancibia-Riveros
- Polyphenol Research Group, Departament de Nutrició, Ciències de l'Alimentació i Gastronomía, Facultat de Farmacia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Av. de Joan XXII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramanet, Spain
| | - Rosa Casas
- Institut de Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramanet, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Polina Galkina
- Polyphenol Research Group, Departament de Nutrició, Ciències de l'Alimentació i Gastronomía, Facultat de Farmacia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Av. de Joan XXII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramanet, Spain
| | - Maria Pérez
- Polyphenol Research Group, Departament de Nutrició, Ciències de l'Alimentació i Gastronomía, Facultat de Farmacia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Av. de Joan XXII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramanet, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Martínez-González
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Fitó
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Unit of Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Institut Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas (IMIM), 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emilio Ros
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Estruch
- Institut de Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramanet, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Rosa M Lamuela-Raventós
- Polyphenol Research Group, Departament de Nutrició, Ciències de l'Alimentació i Gastronomía, Facultat de Farmacia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Av. de Joan XXII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramanet, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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8
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Surano A, del Grosso C, Musio B, Todisco S, Giampetruzzi A, Altamura G, Saponari M, Gallo V, Mastrorilli P, Boscia D, Saldarelli P. Exploring the xylem-sap to unravel biological features of Xylella fastidiosa subspecies pauca ST53 in immune, resistant and susceptible crop species through metabolomics and in vitro studies. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 14:1343876. [PMID: 38312355 PMCID: PMC10834688 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1343876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca ST53 (Xfp) is a pathogenic bacterium causing one of the most severe plant diseases currently threatening the olive-growing areas of the Mediterranean, the Olive Quick Decline Syndrome (OQDS). The majority of the olive cultivars upon infections more or less rapidly develop severe desiccation phenomena, while few are resistant (e.g. Leccino and FS17), being less impacted by the infections. The present study contributes to elucidating the basis of the resistance phenomenon by investigating the influence of the composition of the xylem sap of plant species on the rate of bacterial multiplication. Xylem saps from Xfp host and non-host species were used for growing the bacterium in vitro, monitoring bacterial growth, biofilm formation, and the expression of specific genes. Moreover, species-specific metabolites, such as mannitol, quinic acid, tartaric acid, and choline were identified by non-targeted NMR-based metabolomic analysis in olive, grapevine, and citrus. In general, the xylem saps of immune species, including grapevine and citrus, were richer in amino acids, organic acids, and glucose. The results showed greater bacterial growth in the olive cultivar notoriously susceptible to Xfp (Cellina di Nardò), compared to that recorded in the resistant cultivar Leccino. Conversely, higher biofilm formation occurred in Leccino compared to Cellina di Nardò. Using the xylem saps of two Xfp-immune species (citrus and grapevine), a divergent bacterial behavior was recorded: low planktonic growth and biofilm production were detected in citrus compared to the grapevine. A parallel evaluation of the expression of 15 genes showed that Xfp directs its molecular functions mainly to virulence. Overall, the results gained through this multidisciplinary study contribute to extending the knowledge on the host-pathogen interaction, while confirming that the host response and resistance mechanism have a multifactorial basis, most likely with a cumulative effect on the phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antony Surano
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (CNR), Bari, Italy
| | - Carmine del Grosso
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (CNR), Bari, Italy
| | - Biagia Musio
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Land, Building Engineering and Chemistry (DICATECh), Polytechnic University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Stefano Todisco
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Land, Building Engineering and Chemistry (DICATECh), Polytechnic University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Annalisa Giampetruzzi
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (CNR), Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Altamura
- CRSFA-Centro Ricerca, Sperimentazione e Formazione in Agricoltura Basile Caramia, Locorotondo, Italy
| | - Maria Saponari
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (CNR), Bari, Italy
| | - Vito Gallo
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Land, Building Engineering and Chemistry (DICATECh), Polytechnic University of Bari, Bari, Italy
- Innovative Solutions S.r.l.—Spin-Off Company of Polytechnic University of Bari, Noci, Italy
| | - Piero Mastrorilli
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Land, Building Engineering and Chemistry (DICATECh), Polytechnic University of Bari, Bari, Italy
- Innovative Solutions S.r.l.—Spin-Off Company of Polytechnic University of Bari, Noci, Italy
| | - Donato Boscia
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (CNR), Bari, Italy
| | - Pasquale Saldarelli
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (CNR), Bari, Italy
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9
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Coyago-Cruz E, Guachamin A, Villacís M, Rivera J, Neto M, Méndez G, Heredia-Moya J, Vera E. Evaluation of Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Activity in 51 Minor Tropical Fruits of Ecuador. Foods 2023; 12:4439. [PMID: 38137243 PMCID: PMC10742603 DOI: 10.3390/foods12244439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Less common tropical fruits have been the subject of little research, leaving a vast field to be explored. In this context, a comprehensive study was carried out on the bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity of 51 non-traditional fruits consumed in Ecuador. Vitamin C, organic acids, carotenoids, and phenolic compounds were evaluated using microextraction and rapid resolution liquid chromatography (RRLC) techniques, while antioxidant activity was measured using microplate readings. The results showed high levels of vitamin C (768.2 mg/100 g DW) in Dovyalis hebecarpa, total organic acids (37.2 g/100 g DW) in Passiflora tripartita, carotenoids (487.0 mg/100 g DW) in Momordica charantia, phenolic compounds (535.4 mg/g DW) in Nephelium lappaceum, Pourouma cecropiifolia (161.4 µmol TE/g DW) and Morus alba (80.5 µmol AAE/g DW) in antioxidant activity. Effective extraction of carotenoids was also observed using a mixture of methanol: acetone: dichloromethane (1:1:2) with an extraction time of 2 min, while an 80% solution of 0.1% acidified methanol with hydrochloric acid with an extraction time of 3 min was highly effective for phenolics in fruit. These results provide a valuable basis for optimising future extraction processes of bioactive compounds from non-traditional fruits, with significant implications for their potential use in various nutritional and pharmaceutical contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Coyago-Cruz
- Carrera de Ingeniería en Biotecnología de los Recursos Naturales, Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, Sede Quito, Campus El Girón, Av. 12 de Octubre N2422 y Wilson, Quito 170143, Ecuador
| | - Aida Guachamin
- Carrera de Ingeniería en Biotecnología de los Recursos Naturales, Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, Sede Quito, Campus El Girón, Av. 12 de Octubre N2422 y Wilson, Quito 170143, Ecuador
| | - Michael Villacís
- Carrera de Ingeniería en Biotecnología de los Recursos Naturales, Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, Sede Quito, Campus El Girón, Av. 12 de Octubre N2422 y Wilson, Quito 170143, Ecuador
| | - Jason Rivera
- Carrera de Ingeniería en Biotecnología de los Recursos Naturales, Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, Sede Quito, Campus El Girón, Av. 12 de Octubre N2422 y Wilson, Quito 170143, Ecuador
| | - María Neto
- Carrera de Ingeniería en Biotecnología de los Recursos Naturales, Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, Sede Quito, Campus El Girón, Av. 12 de Octubre N2422 y Wilson, Quito 170143, Ecuador
| | - Gabriela Méndez
- Carrera de Ingeniería en Biotecnología de los Recursos Naturales, Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, Sede Quito, Campus El Girón, Av. 12 de Octubre N2422 y Wilson, Quito 170143, Ecuador
| | - Jorge Heredia-Moya
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica (CENBIO), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito 170527, Ecuador
| | - Edwin Vera
- Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Departamento de Ciencias de los Alimentos y Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Av. 12 de Octubre N2422 y Veintimilla, Quito 170524, Ecuador
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10
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Bhattacharjee A, Velickovic D, Richardson JA, Couvillion SP, Vandergrift GW, Qafoku O, Taylor MJ, Jansson JK, Hofmockel K, Anderton CR. Fungal organic acid uptake of mineral-derived K is dependent on distance from carbon hotspot. mBio 2023; 14:e0095623. [PMID: 37655873 PMCID: PMC10653886 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00956-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Fungal species are foundational members of soil ecosystems with vital contributions that support interspecies resource translocation. The minute details of these biogeochemical processes are poorly investigated. Here, we addressed this knowledge gap by probing fungal growth in a novel mineral-doped soil micromodel platform using spatially-resolved imaging methodologies. We found that fungi uptake K from K-rich minerals using organic acids exuded in a distance-dependent manner from a carbon-rich hotspot. While identification of specific mechanisms within soil remains challenging, our findings demonstrate the significance of reduced complexity platforms such as the mineral-doped micromodel in probing biogeochemical processes. These findings provide visualization into hyphal uptake and transport of mineral-derived nutrients in a resource-limited environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunima Bhattacharjee
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Division, Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Dusan Velickovic
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Division, Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Jocelyn A. Richardson
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, USA
| | - Sneha P. Couvillion
- Biological Sciences Division, Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Gregory W. Vandergrift
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Division, Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Odeta Qafoku
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Division, Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Michael J. Taylor
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Division, Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Janet K. Jansson
- Biological Sciences Division, Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Kirsten Hofmockel
- Biological Sciences Division, Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Christopher R. Anderton
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Division, Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
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11
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Coyago-Cruz E, Guachamin A, Méndez G, Moya M, Martínez A, Viera W, Heredia-Moya J, Beltrán E, Vera E, Villacís M. Functional and Antioxidant Evaluation of Two Ecotypes of Control and Grafted Tree Tomato ( Solanum betaceum) at Different Altitudes. Foods 2023; 12:3494. [PMID: 37761202 PMCID: PMC10530088 DOI: 10.3390/foods12183494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tree tomato (Solanum betaceum) is susceptible to nematode attack; for this reason, grafting is used as an alternative to reduce this impact. In this study, the bioactive compounds of the fruit (shell, pulp, and seed jelly) of two tree tomato ecotypes ('giant orange' and 'giant purple') were evaluated in both control and grafted plants grown at different altitudes (2010-2250, 2260-2500, 2510-2750 and 2760-3000 masl). Commercial quality, vitamin C, organic acids, phenolics, carotenoids and antioxidant activity were determined by microextraction and quantified by liquid chromatography (RRLC) or spectrophotometry (microplate reader). The results showed high concentrations of vitamin C, organic acids and antioxidant activity in the seed jelly, organic acids in the pulp and phenolic compounds, carotenoids, and antioxidant activity in the shell. The main phenolics were ferulic acid, caffeic acid and luteolin, while the main carotenoids were lutein, B-cryptoxanthin and B-carotene. Multivariate analysis showed that tree tomato quality was mainly influenced by altitude and fruit part and that grafting positively affected soluble solids for both ecotypes and all altitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Coyago-Cruz
- Carrera de Ingeniería en Biotecnología de los Recursos Naturales, Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, Sede Quito, Campus El Girón, Av. 12 de Octubre N2422 y Wilson, Quito 170143, Ecuador (G.M.)
| | - Aida Guachamin
- Carrera de Ingeniería en Biotecnología de los Recursos Naturales, Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, Sede Quito, Campus El Girón, Av. 12 de Octubre N2422 y Wilson, Quito 170143, Ecuador (G.M.)
| | - Gabriela Méndez
- Carrera de Ingeniería en Biotecnología de los Recursos Naturales, Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, Sede Quito, Campus El Girón, Av. 12 de Octubre N2422 y Wilson, Quito 170143, Ecuador (G.M.)
| | - Melany Moya
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Carrera de Obstetricia, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Iquique, Luis Sodiro N14-121, Quito 170146, Ecuador;
| | - Aníbal Martínez
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIAP), Programa de Fruticultura, Av. Interoceánica Km15 y Eloy Alfaro, Quito 170518, Ecuador; (A.M.); (W.V.)
| | - William Viera
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIAP), Programa de Fruticultura, Av. Interoceánica Km15 y Eloy Alfaro, Quito 170518, Ecuador; (A.M.); (W.V.)
| | - Jorge Heredia-Moya
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica (CENBIO), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito 170527, Ecuador;
| | - Elena Beltrán
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Ingeniería e Industrias, Universidad UTE, Quito 170527, Ecuador
| | - Edwin Vera
- Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Departamento de Ciencias de los Alimentos y Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Av. 12 de octubre N2422 y Veintimilla, Quito 170524, Ecuador; (E.V.); (M.V.)
| | - Michael Villacís
- Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Departamento de Ciencias de los Alimentos y Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Av. 12 de octubre N2422 y Veintimilla, Quito 170524, Ecuador; (E.V.); (M.V.)
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12
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Shi M, Gao M, Sun H, Yang W, Zhao H, Zhang L, Xu H. Exogenous 2-keto-L-gulonic Acid Supplementation as a Novel Approach to Enhancing L-ascorbic Acid Biosynthesis in Zebrafish ( Danio rerio). Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2502. [PMID: 37570309 PMCID: PMC10417347 DOI: 10.3390/ani13152502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
L-ascorbic acid (ASA) is a micronutrient that is essential for reproduction, growth, and immunity in animals. Due to the loss of enzyme L-gulono-1,4-lactone oxidase (GLO), most aquatic animals lack the capacity for ASA biosynthesis and therefore require supplementation with exogenous ASA. Recent studies have shown that 2-keto-L-gulonic acid (2KGA), a novel potential precursor of ASA, can enhance plant growth and improve stress resistance by promoting the synthesis and accumulation of ASA. Our hypothesis is that 2-keto-L-gulonic acid (2KGA) plays a similar role in aquatic animals. To investigate this, we conducted an in vivo trial to examine the effects of exogenous 2KGA supplementation on ASA metabolism and growth of zebrafish (Danio rerio). Zebrafish were categorized into groups based on their dietary intake, including a basal diet (CK group), a basal diet supplemented with 800 mg/kg ASA (ASA group), and 800 mg/kg 2KGA-Na (2KGA group) for a duration of three weeks. The results demonstrated a significant increase in ASA content in zebrafish treated with 2KGA (34.82% increase, p < 0.05) compared to the CK group, reaching a consistent level with the ASA group (39.61% increase, p < 0.05). Furthermore, the supplementation of 2KGA significantly improved growth parameters relevant to zebrafish (specific growth rate increased by 129.04%, p < 0.05) and enhanced feed utilization (feed intake increased by 15.65%, p < 0.05). Positive correlations were observed between growth parameters, feed utilization, whole-body chemical composition, and ASA content. Our findings suggest that supplementation with exogenous 2KGA can serve as a novel approach for elevating ASA synthesis in aquatic animals, and further investigation of its underlying mechanism is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijun Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Mingfu Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Center of Kuqa City, Kuqa 842000, China
| | - Hao Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Center of Kuqa City, Kuqa 842000, China
| | - Weichao Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Center of Kuqa City, Kuqa 842000, China
| | - Hongxia Zhao
- Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Center of Kuqa City, Kuqa 842000, China
| | - Lixin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering and School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Hui Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Center of Kuqa City, Kuqa 842000, China
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13
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Chen L, Ma Y, He T, Chen T, Pan Y, Zhou D, Li X, Lu Y, Wu Q, Wang L. Integrated transcriptome and metabolome analysis unveil the response mechanism in wild rice ( Zizania latifolia griseb.) against sheath rot infection. Front Genet 2023; 14:1163464. [PMID: 37359383 PMCID: PMC10289006 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1163464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Sheath rot disease (SRD) is one of the most devastating diseases of Manchurian wild rice (MWR) (Zizania latifolia Griseb). Pilot experiments in our laboratory have shown that an MWR cultivar "Zhejiao NO.7"exhibits signs of SRD tolerance. To explore the responses of Zhejiao No. 7 to SRD infection, we used a combined transcriptome and metabolome analysis approach. A total of 136 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs, 114 up- and 22 down-accumulated in FA compared to CK) were detected. These up-accumulated metabolites were enriched in tryptophan metabolism, amino acid biosynthesis, flavonoids, and phytohormone signaling. Transcriptome sequencing results showed the differential expression of 11,280 genes (DEGs, 5,933 up-, and 5,347 downregulated in FA compared to CK). The genes expressed in tryptophan metabolism, amino acid biosynthesis, phytohormone biosynthesis and signaling, and reactive oxygen species homeostasis confirmed the metabolite results. In addition, genes related to the cell wall, carbohydrate metabolism, and plant-pathogen interaction (especially hypersensitive response) showed changes in expression in response to SRD infection. These results provide a basis for understanding the response mechanisms in MWR to FA attack that can be used for breeding SRD-tolerant MWR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Chen
- Lishui Institute of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yamin Ma
- Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Jinyun County, Jinyun, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tianjun He
- Lishui Institute of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - TingTing Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yiming Pan
- Lishui Institute of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dayun Zhou
- Lishui Institute of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yaobin Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Quancong Wu
- Lishui Institute of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lailiang Wang
- Lishui Institute of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
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14
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Cornehl L, Krause J, Zheng X, Gauweiler P, Schwander F, Töpfer R, Gruna R, Kicherer A. Determination of Sugars and Acids in Grape Must Using Miniaturized Near-Infrared Spectroscopy. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:s23115287. [PMID: 37300013 DOI: 10.3390/s23115287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
An automatic determination of grape must ingredients during the harvesting process would support cellar logistics and enables an early termination of the harvest if quality parameters are not met. One of the most important quality-determining characteristics of grape must is its sugar and acid content. Among others, the sugars in particular determine the quality of the must and wine. Chiefly in wine cooperatives, in which a third of all German winegrowers are organized, these quality characteristics serve as the basis for payment. They are acquired upon delivery at the cellar of the cooperative or the winery and result in the acceptance or rejection of grapes and must. The whole process is very time-consuming and expensive, and sometimes grapes that do not meet the quality requirements for sweetness, acidity, or healthiness are destroyed or not used at all, which leads to economic loss. Near-infrared spectroscopy is now a widely used technique to detect a wide variety of ingredients in biological samples. In this study, a miniaturized semi-automated prototype apparatus with a near-infrared sensor and a flow cell was used to acquire spectra (1100 nm to 1350 nm) of grape must at defined temperatures. Data of must samples from four different red and white Vitis vinifera (L.) varieties were recorded throughout the whole growing season of 2021 in Rhineland Palatinate, Germany. Each sample consisted of 100 randomly sampled berries from the entire vineyard. The contents of the main sugars (glucose and fructose) and acids (malic acid and tartaric acid) were determined with high-performance liquid chromatography. Chemometric methods, using partial least-square regression and leave-one-out cross-validation, provided good estimates of both sugars (RMSEP = 6.06 g/L, R2 = 89.26%), as well as malic acid (RMSEP = 1.22 g/L, R2 = 91.10%). The coefficient of determination (R2) was comparable for glucose and fructose with 89.45% compared to 89.08%, respectively. Although tartaric acid was predictable for only two of the four varieties using near-infrared spectroscopy, calibration and validation for malic acid were accurate for all varieties in an equal extent like the sugars. These high prediction accuracies for the main quality determining grape must ingredients using this miniaturized prototype apparatus might enable an installation on a grape harvester in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Cornehl
- Julius Kühn Institute (JKI), Federal Research Centre of Cultivated Plants, Institute for Grapevine Breeding Geilweilerhof, 76833 Siebeldingen, Germany
| | - Julius Krause
- Fraunhofer Institute of Optronics, System Technologies and Image Exploitation IOSB, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Xiaorong Zheng
- Julius Kühn Institute (JKI), Federal Research Centre of Cultivated Plants, Institute for Grapevine Breeding Geilweilerhof, 76833 Siebeldingen, Germany
| | - Pascal Gauweiler
- Fraunhofer Institute of Optronics, System Technologies and Image Exploitation IOSB, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Florian Schwander
- Julius Kühn Institute (JKI), Federal Research Centre of Cultivated Plants, Institute for Grapevine Breeding Geilweilerhof, 76833 Siebeldingen, Germany
| | - Reinhard Töpfer
- Julius Kühn Institute (JKI), Federal Research Centre of Cultivated Plants, Institute for Grapevine Breeding Geilweilerhof, 76833 Siebeldingen, Germany
| | - Robin Gruna
- Fraunhofer Institute of Optronics, System Technologies and Image Exploitation IOSB, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Anna Kicherer
- Julius Kühn Institute (JKI), Federal Research Centre of Cultivated Plants, Institute for Grapevine Breeding Geilweilerhof, 76833 Siebeldingen, Germany
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15
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Aluminum and Fluoride Stresses Altered Organic Acid and Secondary Metabolism in Tea ( Camellia sinensis) Plants: Influences on Plant Tolerance, Tea Quality and Safety. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054640. [PMID: 36902071 PMCID: PMC10003434 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Tea plants have adapted to grow in tropical acidic soils containing high concentrations of aluminum (Al) and fluoride (F) (as Al/F hyperaccumulators) and use secret organic acids (OAs) to acidify the rhizosphere for acquiring phosphorous and element nutrients. The self-enhanced rhizosphere acidification under Al/F stress and acid rain also render tea plants prone to accumulate more heavy metals and F, which raises significant food safety and health concerns. However, the mechanism behind this is not fully understood. Here, we report that tea plants responded to Al and F stresses by synthesizing and secreting OAs and altering profiles of amino acids, catechins, and caffeine in their roots. These organic compounds could form tea-plant mechanisms to tolerate lower pH and higher Al and F concentrations. Furthermore, high concentrations of Al and F stresses negatively affected the accumulation of tea secondary metabolites in young leaves, and thereby tea nutrient value. The young leaves of tea seedlings under Al and F stresses also tended to increase Al and F accumulation in young leaves but lower essential tea secondary metabolites, which challenged tea quality and safety. Comparisons of transcriptome data combined with metabolite profiling revealed that the corresponding metabolic gene expression supported and explained the metabolism changes in tea roots and young leaves via stresses from high concentrations of Al and F. The study provides new insight into Al- and F-stressed tea plants with regard to responsive metabolism changes and tolerance strategy establishment in tea plants and the impacts of Al/F stresses on metabolite compositions in young leaves used for making teas, which could influence tea nutritional value and food safety.
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Acién JM, Cañizares E, Candela H, González-Guzmán M, Arbona V. From Classical to Modern Computational Approaches to Identify Key Genetic Regulatory Components in Plant Biology. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032526. [PMID: 36768850 PMCID: PMC9916757 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The selection of plant genotypes with improved productivity and tolerance to environmental constraints has always been a major concern in plant breeding. Classical approaches based on the generation of variability and selection of better phenotypes from large variant collections have improved their efficacy and processivity due to the implementation of molecular biology techniques, particularly genomics, Next Generation Sequencing and other omics such as proteomics and metabolomics. In this regard, the identification of interesting variants before they develop the phenotype trait of interest with molecular markers has advanced the breeding process of new varieties. Moreover, the correlation of phenotype or biochemical traits with gene expression or protein abundance has boosted the identification of potential new regulators of the traits of interest, using a relatively low number of variants. These important breakthrough technologies, built on top of classical approaches, will be improved in the future by including the spatial variable, allowing the identification of gene(s) involved in key processes at the tissue and cell levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Manuel Acién
- Departament de Biologia, Bioquímica i Ciències Naturals, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Eva Cañizares
- Departament de Biologia, Bioquímica i Ciències Naturals, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Héctor Candela
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Miguel González-Guzmán
- Departament de Biologia, Bioquímica i Ciències Naturals, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.G.-G.); (V.A.); Tel.: +34-964-72-9415 (M.G.-G.); +34-964-72-9401 (V.A.)
| | - Vicent Arbona
- Departament de Biologia, Bioquímica i Ciències Naturals, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.G.-G.); (V.A.); Tel.: +34-964-72-9415 (M.G.-G.); +34-964-72-9401 (V.A.)
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17
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Ramos M, Daranas N, Llugany M, Tolrà R, Montesinos E, Badosa E. Grapevine response to a Dittrichia viscosa extract and a Bacillus velezensis strain. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1075231. [PMID: 36589113 PMCID: PMC9803176 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1075231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims to evaluate the response of the three Mediterranean local grapevines 'Garnacha Blanca', 'Garnacha Tinta', and 'Macabeo' to treatments with biocontrol products, namely a botanical extract (Akivi, Dittrichia viscosa extract) and a beneficial microorganism (Bacillus UdG, Bacillus velezensis). A combination of transcriptomics and metabolomics approaches were chosen in order to study grapevine gene expression and to identify gene marker candidates, as well as, to determine differentially concentrated grapevine metabolites in response to biocontrol product treatments. Grapevine plants were cultivated in greenhouse under controlled conditions and submitted to the treatments. Thereafter, leaves were sampled 24h after treatment to carry out the gene expression study by RT-qPCR for the three cultivars and by RNA-sequencing for 'Garnacha Blanca'. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were investigated for both treatments and highly influenced DEGs were selected to be tested in the three cultivars as treatment gene markers. In addition, the extraction of leaf components was performed to quantify metabolites, such as phytohormones, organic acids, and phenols. Considering the upregulated and downregulated genes and the enhanced metabolites concentrations, the treatments had an effect on jasmonic acid, ethylene, and phenylpropanoids defense pathways. In addition, several DEG markers were identified presenting a stable overexpression after the treatments in the three grapevine cultivars. These gene markers could be used to monitor the activity of the products in field treatments. Further research will be necessary to confirm these primary results under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélina Ramos
- Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology-CIDSAV-XaRTA, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- Plant Physiology (BABVE), Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Núria Daranas
- Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology-CIDSAV-XaRTA, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Mercè Llugany
- Plant Physiology (BABVE), Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Roser Tolrà
- Plant Physiology (BABVE), Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Emilio Montesinos
- Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology-CIDSAV-XaRTA, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Esther Badosa
- Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology-CIDSAV-XaRTA, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
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Amssayef A, Eddouks M. In vivo Antihyperglycemic and Antidyslipidemic Effects of L-Tartaric Acid. Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets 2022; 22:CHDDT-EPUB-127972. [PMID: 36464866 DOI: 10.2174/1871529x23666221202091848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of the study was to investigate the antihyperglycemic effect of L-Tartaric acid. BACKGROUND L-Tartaric acid is a natural product with possible beneficial effects on health. OBJECTIVE The goal of this work was to evaluate the antihyperglycemic and antidyslipidemic effects of L-Tartaric acid (L-TA) in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the first model, the effects of L-TA (10 and 40 mg/kg) on diabetes conditions induced by streptozotocin (STZ) in rats were investigated. In the second model, the effects of L-TA (40 and 80 mg/kg) on dyslipidemia induced by tyloxapol (Triton WR-1339) in rats were assessed. RESULTS L-TA (40 mg/kg) had improved all studied parameters. L-TA at 40 mg/kg was able to significantly reduce glycaemia, improve oral glucose tolerance (OGT), increase glycogen content in liver and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle, and ameliorate the lipidic profile and atherogenic indices in STZ-diabetic rats. CONCLUSION L-Tartaric acid was able to exhibit antihyperglycemic and antidyslipidemic effects in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Moreover, the antidyslipidemic effect of L-Tartaric acid was confirmed in tyloxapol-induced hyperlipidemic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayoub Amssayef
- Team of Ethnopharmacology and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Errachidia,Moulay Ismail University of Meknes, Errachidia, Morocco. BP 509, Boutalamine, Errachidia,Morocco
| | - Mohamed Eddouks
- Team of Ethnopharmacology and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Errachidia,Moulay Ismail University of Meknes, Errachidia, Morocco. BP 509, Boutalamine, Errachidia,Morocco
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19
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Expression Analyses in the Rachis Hint towards Major Cell Wall Modifications in Grape Clusters Showing Berry Shrivel Symptoms. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11162159. [PMID: 36015462 PMCID: PMC9413262 DOI: 10.3390/plants11162159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Berry shrivel (BS) is one of the prominent and still unresolved ripening physiological disorders in grapevine. The causes of BS are unclear, and previous studies focused on the berry metabolism or histological studies, including cell viability staining in the rachis and berries of BS clusters. Herein, we studied the transcriptional modulation induced by BS in the rachis of pre-symptomatic and symptomatic clusters with a custom-made microarray qPCR in relation to a previous RNASeq study of BS berries. Gene set analysis of transcript expression in symptomatic rachis tissue determined suppression of cell wall biosynthesis, which could also be confirmed already in pre-symptomatic BS rachis by CESA8 qPCR analyses, while in BS berries, a high number of SWITCH genes were suppressed at veraison. Additionally, genes associated with the cell wall were differently affected by BS in berries. A high percentage of hydrolytic enzymes were induced in BS grapes in rachis and berries, while other groups such as, e.g., xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase, were suppressed in BS rachis. In conclusion, we propose that modulated cell wall biosynthesis and cell wall assembly in pre-symptomatic BS rachis have potential consequences for cell wall strength and lead to a forced degradation of cell walls in symptomatic grape clusters. The similarity to sugar starvation transcriptional profiles provides a link to BS berries, which are low in sugar accumulation. However, further studies remain necessary to investigate the temporal and spatial coordination in both tissues.
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Zheng X, Gong M, Zhang Q, Tan H, Li L, Tang Y, Li Z, Peng M, Deng W. Metabolism and Regulation of Ascorbic Acid in Fruits. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11121602. [PMID: 35736753 PMCID: PMC9228137 DOI: 10.3390/plants11121602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Ascorbic acid, also known as vitamin C, is a vital antioxidant widely found in plants. Plant fruits are rich in ascorbic acid and are the primary source of human intake of ascorbic acid. Ascorbic acid affects fruit ripening and stress resistance and plays an essential regulatory role in fruit development and postharvest storage. The ascorbic acid metabolic pathway in plants has been extensively studied. Ascorbic acid accumulation in fruits can be effectively regulated by genetic engineering technology. The accumulation of ascorbic acid in fruits is regulated by transcription factors, protein interactions, phytohormones, and environmental factors, but the research on the regulatory mechanism is still relatively weak. This paper systematically reviews the regulation mechanism of ascorbic acid metabolism in fruits in recent decades. It provides a rich theoretical basis for an in-depth study of the critical role of ascorbic acid in fruits and the cultivation of fruits rich in ascorbic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianzhe Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; (X.Z.); (M.G.); (Q.Z.); (Z.L.)
| | - Min Gong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; (X.Z.); (M.G.); (Q.Z.); (Z.L.)
| | - Qiongdan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; (X.Z.); (M.G.); (Q.Z.); (Z.L.)
| | - Huaqiang Tan
- Institute of Horticulture, Chengdu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.T.); (L.L.); (Y.T.)
| | - Liping Li
- Institute of Horticulture, Chengdu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.T.); (L.L.); (Y.T.)
| | - Youwan Tang
- Institute of Horticulture, Chengdu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.T.); (L.L.); (Y.T.)
| | - Zhengguo Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; (X.Z.); (M.G.); (Q.Z.); (Z.L.)
| | - Mingchao Peng
- Institute of Horticulture, Chengdu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.T.); (L.L.); (Y.T.)
- Correspondence: (M.P.); (W.D.); Tel.: +86-19981296016 (M.P.); +86-18623127580 (W.D.)
| | - Wei Deng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; (X.Z.); (M.G.); (Q.Z.); (Z.L.)
- Correspondence: (M.P.); (W.D.); Tel.: +86-19981296016 (M.P.); +86-18623127580 (W.D.)
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21
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Khan I, Iqbal M, Raza SH, Anwar S, Ashraf M, Shafiq F. Tartaric acid soil-amendment increases phytoextraction potential through root to shoot transfer of lead in turnip. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 296:134055. [PMID: 35196532 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The phytoextraction potential of turnip and comparative effectiveness of three different organic ligands towards removal of lead (Pb) was investigated under field conditions. The 20 d old turnip seedlings were exposed to different Pb levels (0.0218, 2.42 and 4.83 mM Pb) spiked in the soil. After 10 d of Pb application, the soil was spiked with 2.4 mM concentration of different chelates viz. ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), citric acid (CA) and tartaric acid (TA). The 60 d old plants were harvested for growth analyses and determination of photosynthetic pigments, while Pb-concentration in different plant parts was determined from 60 and 90 d old plants. Yield attributes were recorded at the harvesting stage (HS, 90 d old plants). No suppression (rather a stimulation) in the root and shoot growth was evident upon Pb exposure whereas, a reduction in the chlorophyll content occurred at 4.83 mM Pb level. Soil amendment with TA improved chlorophyll contents irrespective of Pb levels while the effect of CA and EDTA was differential. A reduction in the root length while an increase in its diameter was recorded particularly at 4.83 mM Pb stress in 90 d old plants. The turnip retained maximum Pb-fraction in the roots at early growth stages, while EDTA application further increased its retention in root at 4.83 mM Pb regime. Nonetheless, only TA amendment promoted the transfer of Pb to shoot (∼30%) irrespective of Pb regimes. At the HS, application of both TA and EDTA caused substantial uptake of Pb in the root while the maximum shoot Pb-fraction was recorded again due to TA application, particularly at 4.83 mM Pb level. Above all, TA was identified as the most effective chelate that mobilized Pb from root to shoot leading to better growth possibly due to dilution effect, and thus enhanced phytoextraction efficiency in turnip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Khan
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Iqbal
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Syed Hammad Raza
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Sumera Anwar
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Fahad Shafiq
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Pakistan.
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Ognyanov M, Denev P, Teneva D, Georgiev Y, Taneva S, Totseva I, Kamenova-Nacheva M, Nikolova Y, Momchilova S. Influence of Gamma Irradiation on Different Phytochemical Constituents of Dried Rose Hip ( Rosa canina L.) Fruits. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27061765. [PMID: 35335128 PMCID: PMC8949388 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27061765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Gamma irradiation is efficiently applied to many foods, but nevertheless there is a distinct lack of information about the changes of macro- and micronutrients (e.g., carbohydrates, lipids, organic acids, and phenolics) in dried rose hip (RH) fruits. Therefore, in this study, for the first time, the effect of gamma irradiation (10 and 25 kGy) on RH constituents is investigated. Different analytical techniques (GC-FID, HPLC-UV, HPSEC-RID, IR-FT, and SEM) are employed to examine this effect. The irradiation treatment (10 kGy) increased the glucose content by 30% and released cellobiose from RH fruits, thus revealing cellulose destruction. The extractability of total uronic acids increased from 51% (control) to 70.5% (25 kGy-irradiated), resulting in a higher pectin yield (10.8% < 12.8% < 13.4%) and molecular heterogeneity. Moreover, de-esterification was not a major effect of the irradiation-induced degradation of pectin. The sample exposure to the highest dose did not change the content of total carotenoids, β-carotene, and (un)saturated fatty acids, but it affected the tocopherols levels. Gamma rays had a negligible effect on the phenolic constituents and did not affect ORAC and HORAC antioxidant activity. In conclusion, it can be compromised that the exposition of dried RH is safe and can be successfully applied to decontaminate fruits without affecting their nutritional value and biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manol Ognyanov
- Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances-Plovdiv, Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phyto-chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 139 Ruski Blvd., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (P.D.); (D.T.); (Y.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +359-32642759
| | - Petko Denev
- Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances-Plovdiv, Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phyto-chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 139 Ruski Blvd., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (P.D.); (D.T.); (Y.G.)
| | - Desislava Teneva
- Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances-Plovdiv, Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phyto-chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 139 Ruski Blvd., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (P.D.); (D.T.); (Y.G.)
| | - Yordan Georgiev
- Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances-Plovdiv, Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phyto-chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 139 Ruski Blvd., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (P.D.); (D.T.); (Y.G.)
| | - Sabina Taneva
- Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 9 Acad. Georgi Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (S.T.); (I.T.); (S.M.)
| | - Iskra Totseva
- Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 9 Acad. Georgi Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (S.T.); (I.T.); (S.M.)
| | - Mariana Kamenova-Nacheva
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis and Stereochemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 9 Acad. Georgi Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (M.K.-N.); (Y.N.)
| | - Yana Nikolova
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis and Stereochemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 9 Acad. Georgi Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (M.K.-N.); (Y.N.)
| | - Svetlana Momchilova
- Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 9 Acad. Georgi Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (S.T.); (I.T.); (S.M.)
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Differential Protein Expression in Berry Skin from Red Grapes with Varying Hybrid Character. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031051. [PMID: 35162980 PMCID: PMC8835309 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein expression from the berry skin of four red grape biotypes with varying hybrid character was compared at a proteome-wide level to identify the metabolic pathways underlying divergent patterns of secondary metabolites. A bottom-up shotgun proteomics approach with label-free quantification and MaxQuant-assisted computational analysis was applied. Red grapes were from (i) purebred Vitis vinifera (Aglianico cv.); (ii) V. vinifera (local Sciascinoso cv.) grafted onto an American rootstock; (iii) interspecific hybrid (V. vinifera × V. labrusca, Isabel), and (iv) uncharacterized grape genotype with hybrid lineage, producing relatively abundant anthocyanidin 3,5-O-diglucosides. Proteomics supported the differences between hybrids and purebred V. vinifera grapes, consistently with distinct phenotypic metabolite assets. Methanol O-anthraniloyltransferase, which catalyses the synthesis of methyl anthranilate, primarily responsible for the “foxy” odour, was exclusive of the Isabel hybrid grape. Most of the proteins with different expression profiles converged into coordinated biosynthetic networks of primary metabolism, while many possible enzymes of secondary metabolism pathways, including 5-glucosyltransferases expected for hybrid grapes, remained unassigned due to incomplete protein annotation for the Vitis genus. Minor differences of protein expression distinguished V. vinifera scion grafted onto American rootstocks from purebred V. vinifera skin grapes, supporting a slight influence of the rootstock on the grape metabolism.
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Fryzlewicz L, VanWinkle A, Lahondère C. Development of an Attractive Toxic Sugar Bait for the Control of Aedes j. japonicus (Diptera: Culicidae). JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 59:308-313. [PMID: 34487519 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjab151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Both female and male mosquitoes consume sugar meals to obtain carbohydrates used for energy. This behavior has recently been identified as a possible mosquito control target, as the World Health Organization has urged for the development of integrated vector management. This is critical as many medically important mosquito species are developing insecticide resistance, resulting in current control strategies becoming less effective. Additionally, the traditional use of insecticides is detrimental to many beneficial insects such as pollinators. The main goal of this study was to develop an attractive toxic sugar bait (ATSB) to limit the populations of a local invasive mosquito, Aedes j. japonicus (Theobald) (Diptera: Culicidae). An ATSB is a lure bait composed of an attractant odorant, a toxic component, and sugar that the mosquitoes can feed on. ATSBs are cost-effective, sustainable, environmentally friendly, and can be species-specific. Mosquitoes were isolated into cages or cups and each group had access to either a toxic sugar solution (containing boric acid), a control solution or a choice between the two. We tested multiple fruits, including mango, peach, blueberries, and blackberries, as well as a soda and grape juice and monitored their survival for 96 h. We found that this species fed on all tested fruit solutions and that the groups that imbibed toxic solutions died within 48 h, indicating that boric acid is an effective oral toxin against Ae. j. japonicus. Further experiments will be conducted in the field to determine the ATSBs efficacy and to monitor potential effects on off-target species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Fryzlewicz
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Ashlynn VanWinkle
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Chloé Lahondère
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- The Fralin Life Science Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- The Global Change Center, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- Department of Entomology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- Center of Emerging, Zoonotic and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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25
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Rienth M, Vigneron N, Walker RP, Castellarin SD, Sweetman C, Burbidge CA, Bonghi C, Famiani F, Darriet P. Modifications of Grapevine Berry Composition Induced by Main Viral and Fungal Pathogens in a Climate Change Scenario. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:717223. [PMID: 34956249 PMCID: PMC8693719 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.717223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The grapevine is subject to high number of fungal and viral diseases, which are responsible for important economic losses in the global wine sector every year. These pathogens deteriorate grapevine berry quality either directly via the modulation of fruit metabolic pathways and the production of endogenous compounds associated with bad taste and/or flavor, or indirectly via their impact on vine physiology. The most common and devastating fungal diseases in viticulture are gray mold, downy mildew (DM), and powdery mildew (PM), caused, respectively by Botrytis cinerea, Plasmopara viticola, and Erysiphe necator. Whereas B. cinerea mainly infects and deteriorates the ripening fruit directly, deteriorations by DM and PM are mostly indirect via a reduction of photosynthetic leaf area. Nevertheless, mildews can also infect berries at certain developmental stages and directly alter fruit quality via the biosynthesis of unpleasant flavor compounds that impair ultimate wine quality. The grapevine is furthermore host of a wide range of viruses that reduce vine longevity, productivity and berry quality in different ways. The most widespread virus-related diseases, that are known nowadays, are Grapevine Leafroll Disease (GLRD), Grapevine Fanleaf Disease (GFLD), and the more recently characterized grapevine red blotch disease (GRBD). Future climatic conditions are creating a more favorable environment for the proliferation of most virus-insect vectors, so the spread of virus-related diseases is expected to increase in most wine-growing regions. However, the impact of climate change on the evolution of fungal disease pressure will be variable and depending on region and pathogen, with mildews remaining certainly the major phytosanitary threat in most regions because their development rate is to a large extent temperature-driven. This paper aims to provide a review of published literature on most important grapevine fungal and viral pathogens and their impact on grape berry physiology and quality. Our overview of the published literature highlights gaps in our understanding of plant-pathogen interactions, which are valuable for conceiving future research programs dealing with the different pathogens and their impacts on grapevine berry quality and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Rienth
- Changins College for Viticulture and Oenology, University of Sciences and Art Western Switzerland, Nyon, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Vigneron
- Changins College for Viticulture and Oenology, University of Sciences and Art Western Switzerland, Nyon, Switzerland
| | - Robert P. Walker
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Simone Diego Castellarin
- Wine Research Centre, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Crystal Sweetman
- College of Science & Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Crista A. Burbidge
- School of Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
| | - Claudio Bonghi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova Agripolis, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Franco Famiani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Philippe Darriet
- Univ. Bordeaux, Unité de recherche Œnologie EA 4577, USC 1366 INRAE, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, Villenave d’Ornon, France
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Mellidou I, Koukounaras A, Kostas S, Patelou E, Kanellis AK. Regulation of Vitamin C Accumulation for Improved Tomato Fruit Quality and Alleviation of Abiotic Stress. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12050694. [PMID: 34066421 PMCID: PMC8148108 DOI: 10.3390/genes12050694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ascorbic acid (AsA) is an essential multifaceted phytonutrient for both the human diet and plant growth. Optimum levels of AsA accumulation combined with balanced redox homeostasis are required for normal plant development and defense response to adverse environmental stimuli. Notwithstanding its moderate AsA levels, tomatoes constitute a good source of vitamin C in the human diet. Therefore, the enhancement of AsA levels in tomato fruit attracts considerable attention, not only to improve its nutritional value but also to stimulate stress tolerance. Genetic regulation of AsA concentrations in plants can be achieved through the fine-tuning of biosynthetic, recycling, and transport mechanisms; it is also linked to changes in the whole fruit metabolism. Emerging evidence suggests that tomato synthesizes AsA mainly through the l-galactose pathway, but alternative pathways through d-galacturonate or myo-inositol, or seemingly unrelated transcription and regulatory factors, can be also relevant in certain developmental stages or in response to abiotic factors. Considering the recent advances in our understanding of AsA regulation in model and other non-model species, this review attempts to link the current consensus with novel technologies to provide a comprehensive strategy for AsA enhancement in tomatoes, without any detrimental effect on plant growth or fruit development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifigeneia Mellidou
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hao Elgo-Demeter, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Correspondence: (I.M.); (A.K.K.)
| | - Athanasios Koukounaras
- Department of Horticulture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.K.); (S.K.)
| | - Stefanos Kostas
- Department of Horticulture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.K.); (S.K.)
| | - Efstathia Patelou
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Group of Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Plants, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Angelos K. Kanellis
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Group of Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Plants, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
- Correspondence: (I.M.); (A.K.K.)
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