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Huertas V, Jiménez A, Diánez F, Chelhaoui R, Santos M. Importance of Dark Septate Endophytes in Agriculture in the Face of Climate Change. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:329. [PMID: 38786684 PMCID: PMC11122602 DOI: 10.3390/jof10050329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Climate change is a notable challenge for agriculture as it affects crop productivity and yield. Increases in droughts, salinity, and soil degradation are some of the major consequences of climate change. The use of microorganisms has emerged as an alternative to mitigate the effects of climate change. Among these microorganisms, dark septate endophytes (DSEs) have garnered increasing attention in recent years. Dark septate endophytes have shown a capacity for mitigating and reducing the harmful effects of climate change in agriculture, such as salinity, drought, and the reduced nutrient availability in the soil. Various studies show that their association with plants helps to reduce the harmful effects of abiotic stresses and increases the nutrient availability, enabling the plants to thrive under adverse conditions. In this study, the effect of DSEs and the underlying mechanisms that help plants to develop a higher tolerance to climate change were reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Mila Santos
- Departamento de Agronomía, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería, Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; (V.H.); (A.J.); (F.D.); (R.C.)
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2
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McLaughlin MS, Yurgel SN, Abbasi PA, Ali S. The effects of chemical fungicides and salicylic acid on the apple microbiome and fungal disease incidence under changing environmental conditions. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1342407. [PMID: 38374916 PMCID: PMC10875086 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1342407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Epiphytic and endophytic micro-organisms associated with plants form complex communities on or in their host plant. These communities influence physiological traits, development, and host susceptibility to abiotic and biotic stresses, and these communities are theorized to have evolved alongside their hosts, forming a unit of selection known as the holobiont. The microbiome is highly variable and can be influenced by abiotic factors, including applied exogenous agents. In this study, we compared the impact of chemical fungicide and salicylic acid treatments on the fungal communities of "Honeycrisp" apples at harvest over two consecutive growing years. We demonstrated variations in fungal community structure and composition by tissue type, growing season, and treatment regimes and that fungicide treatments were associated with reduced network complexity. Finally, we show that the inclusion of salicylic acid with 50% less chemical fungicides in an integrated spray program allowed a reduction in fungicide use while maintaining effective control of disease at harvest and following storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S. McLaughlin
- Kentville Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Kentville, NS, Canada
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada
| | - Svetlana N. Yurgel
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service, Grain Legume Genetics and Physiology Research Unit, Prosser, WA, United States
| | - Pervaiz A. Abbasi
- Kentville Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Kentville, NS, Canada
| | - Shawkat Ali
- Kentville Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Kentville, NS, Canada
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3
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Zhao L, Zhou X, Kang Z, Peralta-Videa JR, Zhu YG. Nano-enabled seed treatment: A new and sustainable approach to engineering climate-resilient crops. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 910:168640. [PMID: 37989394 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Under a changing climate, keeping the food supply steady for an ever-increasing population will require crop plants adapted to environmental fluctuations. Genetic engineering and genome-editing approaches have been used for developing climate-resilient crops. However, genetically modified crops have yet to be widely accepted, especially for small-scale farmers in low-income countries and some societies. Nano-priming (seed exposure to nanoparticles, NPs) has appeared as an alternative to the abovementioned techniques. This technique improves seed germination speed, promotes seedlings' vigor, and enhances plant tolerance to adverse conditions such as drought, salinity, temperature, and flooding, which may occur under extreme weather conditions. Moreover, nano-enabled seed treatment can increase the disease resistance of crops by boosting immunity, which will reduce the use of pesticides. This unsophisticated, farmer-available, cost-effective, and environment-friendly seed treatment approach may help crop plants fight climate change challenges. This review discusses the previous information about nano-enabled seed treatment for enhancing plant tolerance to abiotic stresses and increasing disease resistance. Current knowledge about the mechanisms underlying nanomaterial-seed interactions is discussed. To conclude, the review includes research questions to address before this technique reaches its full potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Xiaoding Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhao Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jose R Peralta-Videa
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yong-Guan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
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4
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Pichon NA, Cappelli SL, Soliveres S, Mannall T, Nwe TZ, Hölzel N, Klaus VH, Kleinebecker T, Vincent H, Allan E. Nitrogen availability and plant functional composition modify biodiversity-multifunctionality relationships. Ecol Lett 2024; 27:e14361. [PMID: 38217282 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Biodiversity typically increases multiple ecosystem functions simultaneously (multifunctionality) but variation in the strength and direction of biodiversity effects between studies suggests context dependency. To determine how different factors modulate the diversity effect on multifunctionality, we established a large grassland experiment manipulating plant species richness, resource addition, functional composition (exploitative vs. conservative species), functional diversity and enemy abundance. We measured ten above- and belowground functions and calculated ecosystem multifunctionality. Species richness and functional diversity both increased multifunctionality, but their effects were context dependent. Richness increased multifunctionality when communities were assembled with fast-growing species. This was because slow species were more redundant in their functional effects, whereas different fast species promoted different functions. Functional diversity also increased multifunctionality but this effect was dampened by nitrogen enrichment and enemy presence. Our study suggests that a shift towards fast-growing communities will not only alter ecosystem functioning but also the strength of biodiversity-functioning relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémie A Pichon
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- WSL Swiss Federal Research Institute, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Seraina L Cappelli
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Santiago Soliveres
- Department of Ecology, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
- Multidisciplinary Institute for Environmental Studies "Ramón Margalef", University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Tosca Mannall
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thu Zar Nwe
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Norbert Hölzel
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Valentin H Klaus
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 2, Zürich, Switzerland
- Forage Production and Grassland Systems, Agroscope, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Till Kleinebecker
- Department of Landscape Ecology and Resources Management, Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Hugo Vincent
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Eric Allan
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Centre for Development and the Environment, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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5
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Liu Y, Wei X, Chang F, Yu N, Guo C, Cai H. Distribution and Pathogenicity of Fusarium Species Associated with Soybean Root Rot in Northeast China. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 39:575-583. [PMID: 38081317 PMCID: PMC10721389 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.06.2023.0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium root rot is an increasingly severe problem in soybean cultivation. Although several Fusarium species have been reported to infect soybean roots in Heilongjiang province, their frequency and aggressiveness have not been systematically quantified in the region. This study aimed to investigate the diversity and distribution of Fusarium species that cause soybean root rot in Heilongjiang province over two years. A total of 485 isolates belonging to nine Fusarium species were identified, with F. oxysporum and F. solani being the most prevalent. Pot experiments were conducted to examine the relative aggressiveness of different Fusarium species on soybean roots, revealing that F. oxysporum and F. solani were the most aggressive pathogens, causing the most severe root rot symptoms. The study also assessed the susceptibility of different soybean cultivars to Fusarium root rot caused by F. oxysporum and F. solani. The results indicated that the soybean cultivar DN51 exhibited the most resistance to both pathogens, indicating that it may possess genetic traits that make it less susceptible to Fusarium root rot. These findings provide valuable insights into the diversity and distribution of Fusarium species that cause soybean root rot and could facilitate the development of effective management strategies for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics and Genetic Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150025, China
| | - Xuena Wei
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics and Genetic Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150025, China
| | - Feng Chang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics and Genetic Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150025, China
| | - Na Yu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics and Genetic Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150025, China
| | - Changhong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics and Genetic Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150025, China
| | - Hongsheng Cai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics and Genetic Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150025, China
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Veeraswamy D, Subramanian A, Mohan D, Ettiyagounder P, Selvaraj PS, Ramasamy SP, Veeramani V. Exploring the origins and cleanup of mercury contamination: a comprehensive review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-30636-z. [PMID: 37964142 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30636-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Mercury is a global pollutant that poses significant risks to human health and the environment. Natural sources of mercury include volcanic eruptions, while anthropogenic sources include industrial processes, artisanal and small-scale gold mining, and fossil fuel combustion. Contamination can arise through various pathways, such as atmospheric deposition, water and soil contamination, bioaccumulation, and biomagnification in food chains. Various remediation strategies, including phytoremediation, bioremediation, chemical oxidation/reduction, and adsorption, have been developed to address mercury pollution, including physical, chemical, and biological approaches. The effectiveness of remediation techniques depends on the nature and extent of contamination and site-specific conditions. This review discusses the challenges associated with mercury pollution and remediation, including the need for effective monitoring and management strategies. Overall, this review offers a comprehensive understanding of mercury contamination and the range of remediation techniques available to mitigate its adverse impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davamani Veeraswamy
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Directorate of Natural Resource Management, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India
- College of Engineering, Science and Environment, Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), ATC Building, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan Campus, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Arulmani Subramanian
- Department of Chemistry, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam, 638 401, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Deepasri Mohan
- Division of Environmental Sciences, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Shalimar, 190025, Jammu and Kashmir Union Territory, India
| | - Parameswari Ettiyagounder
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Directorate of Natural Resource Management, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Paul Sebastian Selvaraj
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Directorate of Natural Resource Management, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India
- College of Engineering, Science and Environment, Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), ATC Building, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan Campus, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Sangeetha Piriya Ramasamy
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Directorate of Natural Resource Management, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India
- School of Water, Energy, and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Venkatesan Veeramani
- Department of Civil Engineering, University College of Engineering, Anna University, Ariyalur, 621 731, Tamil Nadu, India
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McLaughlin MS, Roy M, Abbasi PA, Carisse O, Yurgel SN, Ali S. Why Do We Need Alternative Methods for Fungal Disease Management in Plants? PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3822. [PMID: 38005718 PMCID: PMC10675458 DOI: 10.3390/plants12223822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Fungal pathogens pose a major threat to food production worldwide. Traditionally, chemical fungicides have been the primary means of controlling these pathogens, but many of these fungicides have recently come under increased scrutiny due to their negative effects on the health of humans, animals, and the environment. Furthermore, the use of chemical fungicides can result in the development of resistance in populations of phytopathogenic fungi. Therefore, new environmentally friendly alternatives that provide adequate levels of disease control are needed to replace chemical fungicides-if not completely, then at least partially. A number of alternatives to conventional chemical fungicides have been developed, including plant defence elicitors (PDEs); biological control agents (fungi, bacteria, and mycoviruses), either alone or as consortia; biochemical fungicides; natural products; RNA interference (RNAi) methods; and resistance breeding. This article reviews the conventional and alternative methods available to manage fungal pathogens, discusses their strengths and weaknesses, and identifies potential areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S. McLaughlin
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Kentville Research and Development Centre, Kentville, NS B4N 1J5, Canada; (M.S.M.); (M.R.); (P.A.A.)
- Department of Plant, Food and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 4H5, Canada
| | - Maria Roy
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Kentville Research and Development Centre, Kentville, NS B4N 1J5, Canada; (M.S.M.); (M.R.); (P.A.A.)
- Department of Biology, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS B4P 2R6, Canada
| | - Pervaiz A. Abbasi
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Kentville Research and Development Centre, Kentville, NS B4N 1J5, Canada; (M.S.M.); (M.R.); (P.A.A.)
| | - Odile Carisse
- Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu Research Development Centre, Science and Technology Branch, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, QC J3B 7B5, Canada;
| | - Svetlana N. Yurgel
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service, Grain Legume Genetics and Physiology Research Unit, Prosser, WA 99350, USA;
| | - Shawkat Ali
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Kentville Research and Development Centre, Kentville, NS B4N 1J5, Canada; (M.S.M.); (M.R.); (P.A.A.)
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8
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Kim J, Ahn SH, Yang JS, Choi S, Jung HW, Jeon J. Plant Protective and Growth Promoting Effects of Seed Endophytes in Soybean Plants. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 39:513-521. [PMID: 37817497 PMCID: PMC10580052 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.06.2023.0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Seed-borne diseases reduce not only the seed germination and seedling growth but also seed quality, resulting in the significant yield loss in crop production. Plant seed harbors diverse microbes termed endophytes other than pathogens inside it. However, their roles and application to agricultures were rarely understood and explored to date. Recently, we had isolated from soybean seeds culturable endophytes exhibiting in-vitro antagonistic activities against common bacterial and fungal seed-borne pathogens. In this study, we evaluated effects of seed treatment with endophytes on plant growth and protection against the common seed-borne pathogens: four fungal pathogens (Cercospora sojina, C. kikuchii, Septoria glycines, Diaporthe eres) and two bacterial pathogens (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci). Our experiments showed that treatment of soybean seeds with seed endophytes clearly offer protection against seed-borne pathogens. We also found that some of the endophytes promote plant growth in addition to the disease suppression. Taken together, our results demonstrate agricultural potential of seed endophytes in crop protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwon Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
| | - Seong-Ho Ahn
- Division of Agricultural Microbiology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Ji Sun Yang
- Department of Applied Bioscience, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea
| | - Seonwoo Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
| | - Ho Won Jung
- Department of Applied Bioscience, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea
| | - Junhyun Jeon
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
- Plant Immunity Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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Zannat A, Hussain MA, Md Abdullah AH, Hossain MI, Saifullah M, Safhi FA, Alshallash KS, Mansour E, ElSayed AI, Hossain MS. Exploring genotypic variability and interrelationships among growth, yield, and quality characteristics in diverse tomato genotypes. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18958. [PMID: 37600404 PMCID: PMC10432218 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Tomato is the most consumed vegetable crop worldwide, with excellent beneficial health properties and high content of vitamins, minerals, carotenoids, total antioxidants, and phenolic compounds. Hence, improving its genotypes is crucial to sustain its production and ensure food security, principally under the fast-growing worldwide population and abrupt global climate change. The present study aimed to explore the genotypic variability associated with specific characteristics in twenty-five diverse tomato genotypes. In addition, the relationships between growth, yield, and quality traits using both univariate (correlation coefficient, path analysis) and multivariate (principal component, principal coordinates, canonical variate) analysis methods were explored. The results indicated that the evaluated genotypes possessed highly significant variation. This is appropriate for future hybridization through tomato breeding programs. All evaluated genotypes demonstrated considerable potential to develop strong hybrid vigour for growth, yield, and quality characteristics. In particular, the genotypes LS009, LS011, and LS014 could be considered promising, high-yielding, and resistant to yellow leaf curl virus infestation (YLCV) disease parents for future breeding schemes. The number of fruits per plant, fruit diameter, and fruit weight proved strong positive relationships with fruit yield. Accordingly, these characteristics demonstrate their importance in improving fruit yield and could be exploited as indirect criteria for selecting high-yielding tomato genotypes through breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arova Zannat
- Department of Horticulture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Bangladesh
| | - Md Arif Hussain
- Department of Biochemistry, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Bangladesh
| | - Abu Habib Md Abdullah
- Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ismail Hossain
- Department of Horticulture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Bangladesh
| | - Md Saifullah
- Natural Resources Management Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council, Farmgate, Dhaka, 1215, Bangladesh
| | - Fatmah A. Safhi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid S. Alshallash
- College of Science and Humanities-Huraymila, Imam Mohammed Bin Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, 11432, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elsayed Mansour
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Abdelaleim I. ElSayed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, 44511, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Md Sazzad Hossain
- Department of Agronomy and Haor Agriculture, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, 3100, Bangladesh
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Zeng G, Liu Z, Guo Z, He J, Ye Y, Xu H, Hu T. Compost with spent mushroom substrate and chicken manure enhances rice seedling quality and reduces soil-borne pathogens. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-27681-z. [PMID: 37258808 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27681-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Using cultivated soils for rice seedlings can reduce the sustainability of arable land and thus giving negative impacts to food production. As a substitute, spent mushroom compost (SMC), which has high water-holding capacity and nutrient content, shows great potentials. To determine the impacts of the proportion of SMC and paddy soil on seedling quality, rhizosphere microbial characteristics, and fungal pathogens in rice seedling substrates, we conducted a 21-day pot experiment for rice seedling under five treatments: CK, 100% paddy soil; R1, 20% SMC and 80% paddy soil; R2, 50% SMC and 50% paddy soil; R3, 80% SMC and 20% paddy soil; and R4, 100% SMC. The results showed that incorporating SMC into the substrate, especially at 50% volume (R2), increased seedling growth and vitality at the seedling growth stage without external fertilization. Moreover, the SMC amendment increased microbial activity and promoted rice seedling recruitment of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and fungi (PGPF). In addition, using SMC significantly reduced the abundance of pathogenic fungi, especially Magnaporthe grisea. Overall, the multi-faceted benefits exhibit the strong possibilities of using SMC in sustainable rice productions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiyang Zeng
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihui Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University and Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, Changsha, 410128, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhangliang Guo
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinfeng He
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University and Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, Changsha, 410128, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Ye
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University and Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, Changsha, 410128, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaqin Xu
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University and Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, Changsha, 410128, People's Republic of China.
| | - Teng Hu
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University and Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, Changsha, 410128, People's Republic of China
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11
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Kardava K, Tetz V, Vecherkovskaya M, Tetz G. Seed dressing with M451 promotes seedling growth in wheat and reduces root phytopathogenic fungi without affecting endophytes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1176553. [PMID: 37265634 PMCID: PMC10229829 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1176553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Fungal plant infections result in substantial losses to the agricultural sector. A range of fungicide seed dressings are available to control seed-borne fungal diseases; however, they lack sufficient efficacy because of intrinsic tolerance and acquired resistance. Moreover, many fungicide seed dressings can also penetrate plants, negatively affecting plant growth owing to their toxic effects on endophytes, as well as contributing to the spread of antibiotic resistance. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of M451, a member of a new class of antimicrobial agents that are not relevant to human healthcare. As a seed dressing for wheat seeds, M451 exhibited significant antifungal activity against one of the most devastating plant fungal pathogens, Fusarium spp. Furthermore, M451 was more active than the commercially used fungicide Maxim XL against both seed-borne and soil-borne F. oxysporum infection. Importantly, and unlike other antifungals, M451 seed dressing did not inhibit any of the major characteristics of wheat grains and seedlings, such as germination percentage, germination time, grain vigor, shoot- and root weight and length, but rather improved some of these parameters. The results also demonstrated that M451 had no negative impacts on endophytes and did not accumulate in grains. Thus, M451 may have potential applications as an antifungal agent in wheat cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - G. Tetz
- Department of Systems Biology, Human Microbiology Institute, New York, NY, United States
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Tahmasebi A, Asgari A, Bakhshi S, Ghaffar Shahriari A, Won Lee C. Ultrasound application for the decontamination of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) seeds: Influence on fungal inhibition and seed quality. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2023; 95:106404. [PMID: 37060710 PMCID: PMC10130695 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Seed decay is a major problem caused by pathogens that adversely affect seed yield and quality in agricultural production. Herein, the effect of 28 KHz ultrasound treatment for 20, 40 and 60 min and 1.5% sodium hypochlorite solution for 20 min was assessed for the decontamination of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) seeds. In addition, seed germination indices, seedling growth traits, total phenolic content and the activity of defense-related enzymes, viz. peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase and malondialdehyde were measured in the treated seeds. An isolate of Fusarium solani was obtained from roselle seeds and identified as the causal agent of roselle seed rot based on morphological and molecular characteristics. After six days of seed storage, the microbial infection caused the highest seed rot in the control seeds on the average of 56.67%, whereas ultrasound treatment for 60 min could remarkably reduce the seed decay by 3.33%. At the end of seed storage, the fungal load showed the highest (7.72 Log CFU ml-1) and lowest (6.99 Log CFU ml-1) rates in the control and ultrasound treatment for 60 min, respectively. Total phenolic content was significantly increased in ultrasound treatment for 60 min compared to control and sodium hypochlorite treatments. Moreover, the activity of peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase was noticeably improved in ultrasound treatment for 60 min. Furthermore, ultrasound treatment did not show any adverse effects on seed germination indices and seedling growth traits of the roselle plants. Overall, ultrasound treatment for 60 min could effectively decrease roselle seed decay and the fungal load without changing seed and seedling quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aminallah Tahmasebi
- Department of Agriculture, Minab Higher Education Center, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran; Plant Protection Research Group, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
| | - Ashkan Asgari
- Department of Agriculture, Minab Higher Education Center, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran; Research Group of Agroecology in Dryland Areas, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Somayeh Bakhshi
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amir Ghaffar Shahriari
- Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Higher Education Center of Eghlid, Eghlid, Iran
| | - Chul Won Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Sargent RD, Carrillo J, Kremen C. Common pesticides disrupt critical ecological interactions. Trends Ecol Evol 2023; 38:207-210. [PMID: 36567153 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Critical ecological interactions can be disrupted by pesticides, leading to serious ecosystem and economic harm. For the most part, however, the extent and magnitude of these impacts are unknown. We argue for increased investigation of ecosystem impacts of common pesticides by scientists and scrutiny by regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risa D Sargent
- Centre for Sustainable Food Systems, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, 2357 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Juli Carrillo
- Centre for Sustainable Food Systems, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, 2357 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Claire Kremen
- Centre for Sustainable Food Systems, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, 2357 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada; Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability and Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, 2357 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
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14
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Shelar A, Nile SH, Singh AV, Rothenstein D, Bill J, Xiao J, Chaskar M, Kai G, Patil R. Recent Advances in Nano-Enabled Seed Treatment Strategies for Sustainable Agriculture: Challenges, Risk Assessment, and Future Perspectives. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2023; 15:54. [PMID: 36795339 PMCID: PMC9935810 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01025-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Agro seeds are vulnerable to environmental stressors, adversely affecting seed vigor, crop growth, and crop productivity. Different agrochemical-based seed treatments enhance seed germination, but they can also cause damage to the environment; therefore, sustainable technologies such as nano-based agrochemicals are urgently needed. Nanoagrochemicals can reduce the dose-dependent toxicity of seed treatment, thereby improving seed viability and ensuring the controlled release of nanoagrochemical active ingredients However, the applications of nanoagrochemicals to plants in the field raise concerns about nanomaterial safety, exposure levels, and toxicological implications to the environment and human health. In the present comprehensive review, the development, scope, challenges, and risk assessments of nanoagrochemicals on seed treatment are discussed. Moreover, the implementation obstacles for nanoagrochemicals use in seed treatments, their commercialization potential, and the need for policy regulations to assess possible risks are also discussed. Based on our knowledge, this is the first time that we have presented legendary literature to readers in order to help them gain a deeper understanding of upcoming nanotechnologies that may enable the development of future generation seed treatment agrochemical formulations, their scope, and potential risks associated with seed treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amruta Shelar
- Department of Technology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India
| | - Shivraj Hariram Nile
- Zhejiang Provincial International S&T Cooperation Base for Active Ingredients of Medicinal and Edible Plants and Health, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jinhua Academy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ajay Vikram Singh
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dirk Rothenstein
- Institute for Materials Science, University of Stuttgart, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Joachim Bill
- Institute for Materials Science, University of Stuttgart, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Manohar Chaskar
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India.
| | - Guoyin Kai
- Zhejiang Provincial International S&T Cooperation Base for Active Ingredients of Medicinal and Edible Plants and Health, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jinhua Academy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Rajendra Patil
- Department of Technology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India.
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India.
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15
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Gutierrez A, Grillo MA. Effects of Domestication on Plant-Microbiome Interactions. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 63:1654-1666. [PMID: 35876043 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcac108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Through the process of domestication, selection is targeted on a limited number of plant traits that are typically associated with yield. As an unintended consequence, domesticated plants often perform poorly compared to their wild progenitors for a multitude of traits that were not under selection during domestication, including abiotic and biotic stress tolerance. Over the past decade, advances in sequencing technology have allowed for the rigorous characterization of host-associated microbial communities, termed the microbiome. It is now clear that nearly every conceivable plant interaction with the environment is mediated by interactions with the microbiome. For this reason, plant-microbiome interactions are an area of great promise for plant breeding and crop improvement. Here, we review the literature to assess the potential impact that domestication has had on plant-microbiome interactions and the current understanding of the genetic basis of microbiome variation to inform plant breeding efforts. Overall, we find limited evidence that domestication impacts the diversity of microbiomes, but domestication is often associated with shifts in the abundance and composition of microbial communities, including taxa of known functional significance. Moreover, genome-wide association studies and mutant analysis have not revealed a consistent set of core candidate genes or genetic pathways that confer variation in microbiomes across systems. However, such studies do implicate a consistent role for plant immunity, root traits, root and leaf exudates and cell wall integrity as key traits that control microbiome colonization and assembly. Therefore, selection on these key traits may pose the most immediate promise for enhancing plant-microbiome interactions through breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres Gutierrez
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, 1032 W. Sheridan Rd, Chicago, IL 60660, USA
| | - Michael A Grillo
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, 1032 W. Sheridan Rd, Chicago, IL 60660, USA
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16
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Sol-Gel Coatings with Azofoska Fertilizer Deposited onto Pea Seeds. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14194119. [PMID: 36236067 PMCID: PMC9571079 DOI: 10.3390/polym14194119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pure silica sol obtained by hydrolysis of tetraethoxysilane and the same silica sol doped with fertilizer Azofoska were used to cover the surface of pea seeds. The surface state of the coated seeds (layer continuity, thickness, elemental composition) was studied by a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) detector. Different conditions such as sol mixing method, seed immersion time, effect of diluting the sol with water, and ethanol (EtOH) were studied to obtain thin continuous coatings. The coated seeds were subjected to a germination and growth test to demonstrate that the produced SiO2 coating did not inhibit these processes; moreover, the presence of fertilizer in the coating structure facilitates the development of the seedling. The supply of nutrients directly to the grain's vicinity contributes to faster germination and development of seedlings. This may give the developing plants an advantage in growth over other undesirable plant species. These activities are in the line with the trends of searching for technologies increasing yields without creating an excessive burden on the natural environment.
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Radzikowska D, Kowalczewski PŁ, Grzanka M, Głowicka-Wołoszyn R, Nowicki M, Sawinska Z. Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor seed treatments positively affect the physiological condition of maize under drought stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:984248. [PMID: 36110354 PMCID: PMC9468601 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.984248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Improvements in agricultural production are needed, as the growing human population demands more resources and exerts stronger effects on climate. Water scarcity is one of the main factors limiting the yield of maize in many regions of the world. One possible method to mitigate the negative effects of drought is seed mortars; its use improves plant development from the early stages onwards. In this study, we tested 12 various seed treatments with and without succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHI; sedaxane) on maize "SY Fanatic." Physiological parameters of germinating seeds, of young maize seedlings under drought, and of seedlings recuperated from drought were assessed and compared across 12 seed treatments and with non-stressed plants. The seed treatments varied greatly in their influence on the germination and the physiological state of seedlings under drought and after regeneration. Seeds under treatments No. 6, 11, and 12 showed the highest germination energy (97.3%). The use of SDHI-containing seed treatments significantly improved the development of the maize root system. The longest roots, ~13 cm in length, were recorded for treatments No. 6 and 12, both containing sedaxane. These treatments also boosted the functioning of plants growing under optimal soil moisture conditions and under drought stress, influencing the photosynthesis process, increasing the absorption of CO2, and improving the parameters of chlorophyll fluorescence in relation to non-treated controls. Our data indicated that using substances from the SDHI group can possibly reduce the drought-related stress reactions in maize, helping this important crop to face the progressing climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Monika Grzanka
- Department of Agronomy, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | | | - Marcin Nowicki
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Institute of Agriculture, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Zuzanna Sawinska
- Department of Agronomy, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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Byregowda R, Prasad SR, Oelmüller R, Nataraja KN, Prasanna Kumar MK. Is Endophytic Colonization of Host Plants a Method of Alleviating Drought Stress? Conceptualizing the Hidden World of Endophytes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169194. [PMID: 36012460 PMCID: PMC9408852 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the wake of changing climatic conditions, plants are frequently exposed to a wide range of biotic and abiotic stresses at various stages of their development, all of which negatively affect their growth, development, and productivity. Drought is one of the most devastating abiotic stresses for most cultivated crops, particularly in arid and semiarid environments. Conventional breeding and biotechnological approaches are used to generate drought-tolerant crop plants. However, these techniques are costly and time-consuming. Plant-colonizing microbes, notably, endophytic fungi, have received increasing attention in recent years since they can boost plant growth and yield and can strengthen plant responses to abiotic stress. In this review, we describe these microorganisms and their relationship with host plants, summarize the current knowledge on how they “reprogram” the plants to promote their growth, productivity, and drought tolerance, and explain why they are promising agents in modern agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roopashree Byregowda
- Department of Seed Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore 560065, India
- Department of Plant Physiology, Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich-Schiller-University, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | | | - Ralf Oelmüller
- Department of Plant Physiology, Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich-Schiller-University, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Karaba N. Nataraja
- Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore 560065, India
| | - M. K. Prasanna Kumar
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore 560065, India
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Papazlatani CV, Karas PA, Lampronikou E, Karpouzas DG. Using biobeds for the treatment of fungicide-contaminated effluents from various agro-food processing industries: Microbiome responses and mobile genetic element dynamics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 823:153744. [PMID: 35149062 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Agro-food processing industries generate large amounts of pesticide-contaminated effluents that pose a significant environmental threat if managed improperly. Biopurification systems like biobeds could be utilized for the depuration of these effluents although direct evidence for their efficiency are still lacking. We employed a column leaching experiment with pilot biobeds to (i) assess the depuration potential of biobeds against fungicide-contaminated effluents from seed-producing (carboxin, metalaxyl-M, fluxapyroxad), bulb-handling (thiabendazole, fludioxonil and chlorothalonil) and fruit-packaging (fludioxonil, imazalil) industries, (ii) to monitor microbial succession via amplicon sequencing and (iii) to determine the presence and dynamics of mobile genetic elements like intl1, IS1071, IncP-1 and IncP-1ε often associated with the transposition of pesticide-degrading genes. Biobeds could effectively retain (adsorbed but extractable with organic solvents) and dissipate (degraded and/or not extractable with organic solvents) the fungicides that were contained in the agro-industrial effluents with 93.1-99.98% removal efficiency in all cases. Lipophilic substances like fluxapyroxad were mostly retained in the biobed while more polar substances like metalaxyl-M and carboxin were mostly dissipated or showed higher leaching potential like metalaxyl-M. Biobeds supported a bacterial and fungal community that was not affected by fungicide application but showed clear temporal patterns in the different biobed horizons. This was most probably driven by the establishment of microaerophilic conditions upon water saturation of biobeds, as supported by the significant increase in the abundance of facultative or strict anaerobes like Chloroflexi/Anaerolinae, Acidibacter and Myxococcota. Wastewater application did not affect the dynamics of mobile genetic elements in biobeds whose abundance (intl1, IS1071, IncP-1ε) showed significant increases with time. Our findings suggest that biobeds could effectively decontaminate fungicide-contaminated effluents produced by agro-food industries and support a rather resilient microbial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina V Papazlatani
- University of Thessaly, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Plant and Environmental Biotechnology, Viopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Panagiotis A Karas
- University of Thessaly, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Plant and Environmental Biotechnology, Viopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Eleni Lampronikou
- University of Thessaly, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Plant and Environmental Biotechnology, Viopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Dimitrios G Karpouzas
- University of Thessaly, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Plant and Environmental Biotechnology, Viopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece.
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Lesnichaya M, Tsivileva O. Arabinogalactan-Stabilized Selenium Sulfide Nanoparticles and Their Fungistatic Activity Against Phytophthora cactorum. J CLUST SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-022-02264-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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21
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Germination of Triticum aestivum L.: Effects of Soil–Seed Interaction on the Growth of Seedlings. SOIL SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/soilsystems6020037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Seed size, sowing depth, and seed disinfection can affect seed germination and seedling establishment, which, in turn, can directly affect crop growth and yield. The current study was comprised of two experiments, the first of which was conducted in the laboratory, and a second which was performed under glasshouse conditions. The objective of these experiments was to investigate the effects of seed size, sowing depth, and seed disinfection on seed germination and initial seedling growth of selected wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars. The treatments in laboratory experiment were arranged in a completely randomized design, which included: (Ι) four wheat cultivars (Pishgam, Haydari, Soissons, and Mihan), (ΙΙ) two seed size classes (x < 2.25 mm, and x > 2.25 mm), and two disinfection treatments (no-disinfection and disinfection), (ΙΙΙ) with five replicates. In addition to the aforementioned treatments, the effect of planting depth (4, 6, and 8 cm) was also investigated in the subsequent glasshouse experiment. The best results were obtained at a sowing depth of 4 cm, in the non-disinfected treatment, using large seeds. In contrast, the lowest percentage and speed of seed germination and vigor index were observed in seeds sown at 8 cm depth, in the disinfected seed treatment, using small seeds. Large seeds contain larger nutrient stores which may improve seed germination indices, which would therefore result in improved percentage and speed of seed germination, followed by faster coleoptile and seedling growth, higher seedling dry weight and seed vigor. These data also illustrated that seed disinfection in the Pishgam and Haydari cultivars had inhibitory effects upon coleoptile growth and seedling length, which could be related to the fungicide’s chemical composition. Unlike other cultivars, disinfection did not show a significant effect on the Soissons cultivar. Based on our data, in order to improve both the speed of wheat seed germination and subsequent plant growth and development; it is necessary to select high-quality, large seeds, planted at a specific planting depth, which have been treated with an effective disinfectant; all of which will be specific for the wheat cultivar in question. Overall, the current study has provided useful information on the effect size seed, sowing depth, and disinfection have upon germination characteristics and seedling growth of wheat cultivars, which can form the basis for future field scale trails.
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