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Cheng M, Liu H, Pu C, Chen G, Zhang Y, Yan L. Catastrophic Cognition Is a Stronger Predictor Than Emotional Factors of Acute Postoperative Pain in Patients With Traumatic Orthopedic Injuries. Pain Manag Nurs 2024:S1524-9042(24)00192-9. [PMID: 39097418 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmn.2024.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both cognitive (pain catastrophizing [PC]) and emotional factors (anxiety, depression, and optimism) play vital roles in acute postoperative pain (APOP) management among patients with traumatic orthopedic injuries (TOIs). It remains uncertain if these psychological factors independently or collectively impact APOP in patients with TOIs, and the underlying mechanisms by which various psychological factors impact APOP in patients with TOIs are also ambiguous. PURPOSE The aims of the current research were to analyze the effects of PC and emotional factors (anxiety, depression, and optimism) on APOP in patients with TOIs and explore the potential mechanisms by which PC and emotional factors influence APOP based on a hypothetical moderated mediation pathway mediated by pain-related fear. METHODS This was an observational cross-sectional study. RESULTS PC was a significantly positive predictor of APOP regardless of coexistence with emotional factors. TOI patients who had higher PC had more severe APOP (β = 0.57, standard error [SE] = 0.005, p < .01, adjusted R2 = 0.78; β = 0.84, SE = 0.003, p < .01, adjusted R2 = 0.77, respectively). Furthermore, when positive and negative emotions coexisted (adjusted R2 = 0.74), anxiety levels were a significant positive predictor of APOP (β = 0.71, SE = 0.009, p < .01) and optimism was a significant negative predictor of APOP (β = -0.24, SE = 0.008, p < .01). Pain-related fear played a mediating role in the association between the level of PC (effect = 0.044, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.027 to 0.062), anxiety (effect = 0.102, 95% CI = 0.075 to 0.137), and APOP in patients with TOIs. Optimism moderated the strength of the relationship between PC (95% CI = -0.020 to -0.010), anxiety (95% CI = -0.045 to -0.003), and APOP mediated by pain-related fear. CONCLUSIONS Clinical staff should assess the level of PC and emotional factors to identify TOI patients at high risk for APOP, subsequently facilitating the optimization of pain management and efficient utilization of nursing resources through early discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Cheng
- Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Huan Liu
- Orthopedics Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Chenxi Pu
- Orthopedics Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guoying Chen
- Orthopedics Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yaer Zhang
- Orthopedics Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Yan
- Orthopedics Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Pimentel FU, Oliveira SESD. Personality functioning, positive outlook for the future, and simple and complex post-traumatic stress disorder. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2024; 244:104165. [PMID: 38335812 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and its complex form (C-PTSD) are psychopathological conditions that are related to several personality traits. In particular, the current study aims to investigate the associations of impairment of personality functioning (IPF) and positive outlook for the future (POF) with PTSD and C-PTSD. A sample of 304 Brazilian adults responded to an online survey. IPF was measured according to the alternative model for personality disorders, POF was operationalized using optimism and hope scales, and PTSD and C-PTSD were measured using the ICD-11 model. Data analysis included correlation, structural equation models, multivariate analysis of variance, and multinomial logistic regression. The results showed that IPF and POF were moderately correlated with PTSD and C-PTSD in positive and negative directions, respectively. IPF and POF were more strongly associated with C-PTSD than PTSD. From the categorical approach to psychopathology, IPF and POF were shown to be associated only with C-PTSD. This is the first study that provides empirical data on the association of IPF and POF with both forms of PTSD. Understanding the associations between pathological and resilient personality domains and PTSD and C-PTSD symptoms can support the development of effective interventions.
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Boris P, Kovács KE, Nagy BE. The comparative study of chronically ill and healthy children and adolescents in the light of their general mental health. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6754. [PMID: 38514800 PMCID: PMC10957949 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57442-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Children's hospitalisation is difficult for the family and the immediate environment. In these cases, the provision of psychological support is particularly important. Chronically ill children who are regularly hospitalised are in a particularly difficult situation, often feeling vulnerable. Our research aims to explore and analyse in detail the psychological state, attitudes and mental health of chronically ill children and to compare patient groups (children receiving care in pulmonology, gastroenterology, onco-haematology and rehabilitation) to understand the interacting factors, which may be of great importance for quality patient care and for measures to improve patient care in the future. We studied chronically ill children (N = 107) aged 10 to 18 years (M = 14.3; SD = 2.0), cared for by the Department of Paediatric Rehabilitation, Paediatric Psychiatry and Psychosomatics of the University of Debrecen Clinical Centre, the second largest paediatric institution in Hungary. In our survey, sociodemographic questions, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, the Satisfaction With Life Scale, the Cantril Ladder, the Non-Productive Thoughts Questionnaire, the Problematic Internet Use Questionnaire, the Drawing version of Pictorial Representation of Illness Self-Measure (PRISM-D), the Beck Depression Inventory-Shortened Scale, the Illness Intrusiveness Ratings Scale, the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Questionnaire-Child Version and the Strength and Difficulty Questionnaire were applied. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to examine differences between groups, and Pearson rank correlation analysis was used to measure the relationships between individual variables. The results show significant differences between patient groups in terms of resilience, depression, nonproductive thoughts, problematic internet use, anxiety and coping, but no consistent pattern in the development of scores. In addition, for some psychological correlates, the role of sociodemographic background also showed significant results. The practical utility of our study is that using questionnaire methods to map patient satisfaction, compliance, and patient attitudes will provide regarding the factors that influence the mental health status of children living with chronic illnesses. In the light of this, additional methods and tools can be included to improve the quality of healthcare and to develop a set of procedures that will serve the intended purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Boris
- Laki Kálmán Doctoral School, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Karolina Eszter Kovács
- Faculty of Arts, Institute of Psychology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary.
| | - Beáta Erika Nagy
- Pediatric Rehabilitation, Pediatric Psychology and Psychosomatic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pediatrics, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
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Zhang Y, Hou D, Dong X, Zhao Q, Zhang X, Fan X. Determinants of depressive symptoms in patients with heart failure based on the hopelessness theory of depression. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs 2024; 23:152-159. [PMID: 37403197 DOI: 10.1093/eurjcn/zvad062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Depressive symptoms are common in patients with heart failure (HF) and are associated with adverse outcomes in this group. This study examined depressive symptoms and associated determinants in patients with HF based on the hopelessness theory of depression. METHODS AND RESULTS In this cross-sectional study, a total of 282 patients with HF were recruited from 3 cardiovascular units of a university hospital. Symptom burden, optimism, maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies (MCERSs), hopelessness, and depressive symptoms were assessed using self-reported questionnaires. A path analysis model was established to evaluate the direct and indirect effects. The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 13.8% in the patients. Symptom burden had the greatest direct effect on depressive symptoms (β = 0.406; P < 0.001), optimism affected depressive symptoms both directly and indirectly with hopelessness as the mediator (direct: β = -0.360; P = 0.001; indirect: β = -0.169; P < 0.001), and MCERSs only had an indirect effect on depressive symptoms with hopelessness as the mediator (β = 0.035; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION In patients with HF, symptom burden, decreased optimism, and hopelessness contribute to depressive symptoms directly. What is more, decreased optimism and MCERS lead to depressive symptoms indirectly via hopelessness. Accordingly, interventions aimed at decreasing symptom burden, enhancing optimism, and reducing the use of MCERSs, while declining hopelessness, may be conducive to relieving depressive symptoms in patients with HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Zhang
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44# Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Danhua Hou
- Medical school, Liaocheng University, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoyu Dong
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44# Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Qiuge Zhao
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44# Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Xiuting Zhang
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44# Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Xiuzhen Fan
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44# Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
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Pawar AS, Thorsteinsdottir B, Whitman S, Pine K, Lee A, Espinoza Suarez NR, Organick Lee P, Thota A, Lorenz E, Beck A, Albright R, Feely M, Williams A, Behnken E, Boehmer KR. Decisional Regret Surrounding Dialysis Initiation: A Comparative Analysis. Kidney Med 2024; 6:100785. [PMID: 38435065 PMCID: PMC10907211 DOI: 10.1016/j.xkme.2023.100785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Rationale & Objective Dialysis comes with a substantial treatment burden, so patients must select care plans that align with their preferences. We aimed to deepen the understanding of decisional regret with dialysis choices. Study Design This study had a mixed-methods explanatory sequential design. Setting & Participants All patients from a single academic medical center prescribed maintenance in-center hemodialysis or presenting for home hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis check-up during 3 weeks were approached for survey. A total of 78 patients agreed to participate. Patients with the highest (15 patients) and lowest decisional regret (20 patients) were invited to semistructured interviews. Predictors Decisional regret scale and illness intrusiveness scale were used in this study. Analytical Approach Quantitatively, we examined correlations between the decision regret scale and illness intrusiveness scale and sorted patients into the highest and lowest decision regret scale quartiles for further interviews; then, we compared patient characteristics between those that consented to interview in high and low decisional regret. Qualitatively, we used an adapted grounded theory approach to examine differences between interviewed patients with high and low decisional regret. Results Of patients invited to participate in the interviews, 21 patients (8 high regret, 13 low regret) agreed. We observed that patients with high decisional regret displayed resignation toward dialysis, disruption of their sense of self and social roles, and self-blame, whereas patients with low decisional regret demonstrated positivity, integration of dialysis into their identity, and self-compassion. Limitations Patients with the highest levels of decisional regret may have already withdrawn from dialysis. Patients could complete interviews in any location (eg, home, dialysis unit, and clinical office), which may have influenced patient disclosure. Conclusions Although all patients experienced disruption after dialysis initiation, patients' approach to adversity differs between patients experiencing high versus low regret. This study identifies emotional responses to dialysis that may be modifiable through patient-support interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya S. Pawar
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
- Community Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Bjorg Thorsteinsdottir
- Community Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
- Knowledge and Evaluation Research (KER) Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Sam Whitman
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Katherine Pine
- Human and Social Dimensions of Science and Technology, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Alexander Lee
- Health Services Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Nataly R. Espinoza Suarez
- Knowledge and Evaluation Research (KER) Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
- VITAM Research Center on Sustainable Health, Québec Integrated University Health and Social Services Center (CIUSSS de la Capitale-Nationale), Québec, Canada
| | - Paige Organick Lee
- Knowledge and Evaluation Research (KER) Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Anjali Thota
- Knowledge and Evaluation Research (KER) Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | | | | | | | - Amy Williams
- Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Emma Behnken
- Knowledge and Evaluation Research (KER) Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Kasey R. Boehmer
- Knowledge and Evaluation Research (KER) Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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Lernon SM, Frings D, Terry L, Simister R, Browning S, Burgess H, Chua J, Reddy U, Werring DJ. Doctors and nurses subjective predictions of 6-month outcome compared to actual 6-month outcome for adult patients with spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) in neurocritical care: An observational study. eNeurologicalSci 2024; 34:100491. [PMID: 38274038 PMCID: PMC10809071 DOI: 10.1016/j.ensci.2023.100491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Acute spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage is a devastating form of stroke. Prognostication after ICH may be influenced by clinicians' subjective opinions. Purpose To evaluate subjective predictions of 6-month outcome by clinicians' for ICH patients in a neurocritical care using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and compare these to actual 6-month outcome. Method We included clinicians' predictions of 6-month outcome in the first 48 h for 52 adults with ICH and compared to actual 6-month outcome using descriptive statistics and multilevel binomial logistic regression. Results 35/52 patients (66%) had a poor 6-month outcome (mRS 4-6); 19/52 (36%) had died. 324 predictions were included. For good (mRS 0-3) versus poor (mRS 4-6), outcome, accuracy of predictions was 68% and exact agreement 29%. mRS 6 and mRS 4 received the most correct predictions. Comparing job roles, predictions of death were underestimated, by doctors (12%) and nurses (13%) compared with actual mortality (36%). Predictions of vital status showed no significant difference between doctors and nurses: OR = 1.24 {CI; 0.50-3.05}; (p = 0.64) or good versus poor outcome: OR = 1.65 {CI; 0.98-2.79}; (p = 0.06). When predicted and actual 6-month outcome were compared, job role did not significantly relate to correct predictions of good versus poor outcome: OR = 1.13 {CI;0.67-1.90}; (p = 0.65) or for vital status: OR = 1.11 {CI; 0.47-2.61}; p = 0.81). Conclusions Early prognostication is challenging. Doctors and nurses were most likely to correctly predict poor outcome but tended to err on the side of optimism for mortality, suggesting an absence of clinical nihilism in relation to ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siobhan Mc Lernon
- Stroke Research Centre, University College London, Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- London South Bank University, School of Health and Social Care, London, UK
| | - Daniel Frings
- London South Bank University, School of Applied Sciences, London, UK
| | - Louise Terry
- London South Bank University, School of Health and Social Care, London, UK
| | - Rob Simister
- Stroke Research Centre, University College London, Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation, Queen Square, London, UK
- University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Hyper Acute Stroke Unit, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UK
| | - Simone Browning
- University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Hyper Acute Stroke Unit, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UK
| | - Helen Burgess
- National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Josenile Chua
- National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Ugan Reddy
- Stroke Research Centre, University College London, Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - David J. Werring
- Stroke Research Centre, University College London, Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation, Queen Square, London, UK
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Li J, Chang Y, Cai X, Liu S, Peng Y, Feng T, Qi J, Ji Y, Xia Y, Lai W. Health perception and restorative experience in the therapeutic landscape of urban wetland parks during the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1272347. [PMID: 37860799 PMCID: PMC10582751 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1272347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The effects of restoration and inspiration in the therapeutic landscape of natural environments on visitors during the COVID-19 pandemic have been well-documented. However, less attention has been paid to the heterogeneity of visitor perceptions of health and the potential impacts of experiences in wetland parks with green and blue spaces on visitors' overall perceived health. In this study, we investigate the impact of the restorative landscapes of wetland parks on visitors' health perceptions in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods In our survey, 582 respondents participated in an online questionnaire. We analyzed the respondents' health perceptions in terms of latent class analysis, used multinomial logistic regression to determine the factors influencing the potential categorization of health perceptions, and used structural equation modeling to validate the relationships between health perceptions of different groups and landscape perceptions of wetland parks, restorative experiences, and personality optimistic tendencies. Results The results identified three latent classes of health perceptions. Gender, marital status, education, occupation, income, distance, frequency of activities, and intensity of activities were significant predictors of potential classes of perceived health impacts among wetland park visitors. Discussion This study revealed the nature and strength of the relationships between health perception and landscape perception, restorative experience, and dispositional optimism tendencies in wetland parks. These findings can be targeted not only to improve visitor health recovery but also to provide effective references and recommendations for wetland park design, planning, and management practices during and after an epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Li
- School of Architecture and Art, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yating Chang
- School of Architecture and Art, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoxi Cai
- School of Art and Design, Hunan First Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shaobo Liu
- School of Architecture and Art, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - You Peng
- Department of the Built Environment, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Tao Feng
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Jialing Qi
- School of Architecture and Art, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yifeng Ji
- School of Architecture and Art, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yiting Xia
- School of Architecture and Art, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wenbo Lai
- School of Architecture, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Li S, Li Q, Ren Y, Yi J, Guo J, Kong X. HSV: The scout and assault for digestive system tumors. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1142498. [PMID: 36926680 PMCID: PMC10011716 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1142498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
More than 25% of all malignant tumors are digestive system tumors (DSTs), which mostly include esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer, liver cancer, gallbladder cancer and cholangiocarcinoma, and colorectal cancer. DSTs have emerged as one of the prominent reasons of morbidity and death in many nations and areas around the world, posing a serious threat to human life and health. General treatments such as radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgical resection can poorly cure the patients and have a bad prognosis. A type of immunotherapy known as oncolytic virus therapy, have recently shown extraordinary anti-tumor effectiveness. One of the viruses that has been the subject of the greatest research in this field, the herpes simplex virus (HSV), has shown excellent potential in DSTs. With a discussion of HSV-1 based on recent studies, we outline the therapeutic effects of HSV on a number of DSTs in this review. Additionally, the critical function of HSV in the detection of cancers is discussed, and some HSV future possibilities are shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Li
- College of Traditional Chinese medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Qingbo Li
- College of Traditional Chinese medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Ren
- College of Traditional Chinese medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jia Yi
- College of Traditional Chinese medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinhe Guo
- College of Traditional Chinese medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xianbin Kong
- College of Traditional Chinese medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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Maffoni M, Sommovigo V, Giardini A, Velutti L, Setti I. Well-Being and Professional Efficacy Among Health Care Professionals: The Role of Resilience Through the Mediation of Ethical Vision of Patient Care and the Moderation of Managerial Support. Eval Health Prof 2022; 45:381-396. [PMID: 34530627 DOI: 10.1177/01632787211042660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Drawing on the Conservation of Resources theory, this study analyzes whether resilience could be related to healthcare providers' wellbeing and professional self-efficacy, both directly and indirectly, as mediated by ethical vision of patient care and moderated by managerial support in dealing with ethical issues. Overall, 315 Italian healthcare professionals employed in neuro-rehabilitation medicine or palliative care specialties participated in this multi-centered cross-sectional study. The following variables were investigated: resilience (Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale), wellbeing (Maugeri Stress Index-Reduced), professional self-efficacy (Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey), ethical vision of patient care and managerial support in dealing with ethical issues (Italian version of the Hospital Ethical Climate Survey). Overall, resilience was positively associated with healthcare providers' wellbeing and professional self-efficacy, directly and indirectly, as mediated by ethical vision of patient care. Highly resilient healthcare professionals who perceived the presence of a positive ethical vision of patient care in their workplace were more likely to experience greater wellbeing when managerial support in dealing with ethical issues was high (vs. low). Thus, these findings provide suggestions for tailored interventions sustaining healthcare professionals along their daily activity characterized by high-demanding and challenging situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Maffoni
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Psychology Unit of Montescano Institute (Pavia), Italy
| | - Valentina Sommovigo
- Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, Unit of Applied Psychology, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Anna Giardini
- IT Department, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Laura Velutti
- Medical Oncology and Hematology Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Humanitas Cancer Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Setti
- Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, Unit of Applied Psychology, University of Pavia, Italy
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Arsyi DH, Permana PBD, Karim RI, Abdurachman. The role of optimism in manifesting recovery outcomes after coronary artery bypass graft surgery: A systematic review. J Psychosom Res 2022; 162:111044. [PMID: 36170801 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2022.111044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) is a major surgery conducted in coronary heart disease management. Postoperative recovery is a crucial process for patients undergoing CABG. This systematic review evaluates current evidence regarding the association between trait optimism and recovery outcomes in patients following coronary artery bypass graft surgery. METHODS This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) 2020 Guideline. The inclusion criteria focused on observational study that examined study participants aged ≥18 years old undergoing elective CABG and measurement of trait optimism with validated methods (i.e. LOT, LOT-R) and at least one recovery outcome. Studies in non-English languages and duplicates were excluded. A systematic literature search was carried out on PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science electronic databases. Search results were screened based on the eligibility criteria. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess the quality of each included study. RESULTS The search yielded a total of 1853 articles, in which 7 articles fulfilled the eligibility criteria and were subsequently included in the analysis. Measurement of trait optimism was conducted on 1276 patients who underwent a non-emergency/elective CABG. Optimism was significantly associated with several categories of recovery, including reduced rehospitalization rate, complications, pain, and physical symptoms along with improved quality of life, rate of return to normal life, and psychological status. CONCLUSION Our review showed that trait optimism was associated with recovery outcomes following CABG surgery. However, the heterogeneity of recovery outcomes may hamper the clinical benefit of trait optimism in CABG. (PROSPERO CRD42022301882).
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Affiliation(s)
- Danial Habri Arsyi
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Mayjend. Prof. Dr. Moestopo Street no. 47, Surabaya, East Java 60132, Indonesia.
| | - Putu Bagus Dharma Permana
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Mayjend. Prof. Dr. Moestopo Street no. 47, Surabaya, East Java 60132, Indonesia.
| | - Raden Ikhsanuddin Karim
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Mayjend. Prof. Dr. Moestopo Street no. 47, Surabaya, East Java 60132, Indonesia.
| | - Abdurachman
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Mayjend. Prof. Dr. Moestopo Street no. 47, Surabaya, East Java 60132, Indonesia.
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Liu S, Yang H, Cheng M, Miao T. Family Dysfunction and Cyberchondria among Chinese Adolescents: A Moderated Mediation Model. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:9716. [PMID: 35955070 PMCID: PMC9368117 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cyberchondria has become a severe health problem and a significant public concern. In addition to the impacts that cyberchondria involves, individual psychological and behavioral factors have been identified. However, the role of family function and the mediating and moderating mechanisms underlying these relations are not understood well, especially among adolescents. Based on family functioning and cognitive-behavioral theory, this study sought to examine whether family dysfunction was associated with cyberchondria, and a moderated mediation model was prepared as a means of exploring whether health anxiety was a mediator of relationships between family dysfunction and cyberchondria, as well as whether optimism moderated these mediating processes. A total of 2074 Chinese adolescents (mean = 15.08 years, SD = 1.79) reported their demographic information, family dysfunction, health anxiety, optimism, and cyberchondria. The findings showed that family dysfunction was positively related to cyberchondria. Moreover, health anxiety partially mediated the relationship between family dysfunction and cyberchondria. Finally, optimism moderated the interplay among health anxiety and cyberchondria. Consistent with the expectancy-value models, this positive relationship was weaker for adolescents with a higher level of optimism. These results suggest that it is vital to simultaneously consider individual and family factors as a means of understanding adolescent cyberchondria when performing cyberchondria intervention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyingjie Liu
- Faculty of Artificial Intelligence in Education, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Huai Yang
- School of Nursing & Institute of Higher Education Research and Quality Evaluation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Min Cheng
- College of Humanities & Arts, Jiaxing Nanhu University, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Tianchang Miao
- College of Humanities & Arts, Jiaxing Nanhu University, Jiaxing 314001, China
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Rist B, Pearce AJ, Clarke AC. Investigating the Psychophysiological Response to Grade One Muscular Injuries in Professional Australian Football Athletes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXERCISE SCIENCE 2022; 15:1052-1063. [PMID: 36160814 PMCID: PMC9458283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine Australian Football athletes' responses to a grade one muscular injury from a psychophysiological perspective to understand the strength of the association between stress, optimism, and cortisol. Forty-five players listed with one professional Australian Football club volunteered for this study. Inclusion criteria consisted of sustaining a muscular injury during the course of the season with four-weeks predicted recovery time (as diagnosed by club medical staff, n=9). The control group were age, position, and career history matched players from the same sample. Players were also matched for their personality (10-item Big Five Personality Inventory) and fluid intelligence (Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices). Injured players and matched controls completed perceived stress and optimism measures (paper-based questions) as well as salivary cortisol testing once per week for four weeks. Significant increases in cortisol (p=0.015) and perceived stress (p<0.001) were observed in injured players, along with a reduction in optimism (p<0.001) returning by week 4. A significant positive correlation was found between perceived stress and cortisol (r= 0.426), and significant negative correlations observed between optimism and cortisol r= -0.257 and perceived stress r= -0.391. This study showed that athletes were significantly stressed and less optimistic during the first two-weeks of recovery compared to matched controls. While not statistically significant, large effects observed in cortisol and stress in the week prior to returning to competition in the injured group suggest these results demonstrate that a multi-modality approach can improve understanding of psychophysiological stress following a grade one muscular injury in Australian Football athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Billymo Rist
- School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, AUSTRALIA
| | - Alan J Pearce
- School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, AUSTRALIA
| | - Anthea C Clarke
- School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, AUSTRALIA
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Yue Z, Liang H, Qin X, Ge Y, Xiang N, Liu E. Optimism and survival: health behaviors as a mediator-a ten-year follow-up study of Chinese elderly people. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:670. [PMID: 35387628 PMCID: PMC8988364 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13090-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Optimism—the generalized expectation that good things will happen—is a promising health asset. Mounting evidence indicates that there are specific associations between optimism and survival rates. However, for public health purposes, it is critical to consider whether the relationship between optimism and survival holds for older adults as a whole and to explore the role of health behaviors as potential mediators. Methods Prospective data were obtained from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS). Optimism was measured in 2008, and survival was measured by survival time of the interviewees during the whole observation period from 2008 to 2018. Cox proportional hazard models were employed to evaluate the association between optimism and survival among the elderly. The mediating effect analysis method was used to explore the potential mediating role of health behaviors on the association between optimism and survival. Results Compared to less optimistic older adults, optimistic individuals were associated with lower odds of mortality (HR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.89 − 0.99). Health behaviors are key elements that play a positive role in survival (HR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.94 − 0.96). Health behaviors played an intermediary role in the relationship between optimism and mortality, and the mediating effect was -0.005. Conclusions Optimism and health behaviors were broadly and robustly associated with a lower risk of mortality. Health behaviors mediate the relationship between optimism and mortality. Appropriate intervention should be carried out on optimism and health behaviors among elderly people to improve the likelihood of health in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Yue
- School of Public Administration, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, 430073, China
| | - Hang Liang
- School of Public Administration, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, 430073, China
| | - Xigang Qin
- School of Public Administration, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, 430073, China
| | - Yang Ge
- School of Public Administration, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, 430073, China
| | - Nan Xiang
- School of Public Administration, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, 430073, China
| | - Erpeng Liu
- Institute of Income Distribution and Public Finance, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, 430073, China.
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Magee W, Elliott MR, Sinkewicz M, Finlay J, Clarke P. Who looks on the bright side? Optimistic and pessimistic perceptual-response reflexes over American adulthood. ADVANCES IN LIFE COURSE RESEARCH 2022; 51:100452. [PMID: 35250415 PMCID: PMC8890670 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcr.2021.100452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Research suggests that the way individuals are oriented towards the future is deeply embedded in their psychology, shaping how they perceive and react to opportunities and threats, even at unconscious levels. We argue that exposures to opportunities and threats over the life course can shape future orientation at a deep level, and that word-valence effects to survey questions indicate optimistic and pessimistic "perceptual-response reflexes" that are manifestations of unconscious dispositions. Using data collected over 25 years in the Americans' Changing Lives (ACL) study we analyze variation in word-valence effects by age, birth cohort, gender, and race. The broad adult age-range of the sample and the length of follow-up permits the examination of birth cohorts ranging from the "First Children of the 20th Century" (born before 1917) to "Baby Boomers" (born 1947-1962). We find notable differences in age-graded trends across two overarching birth cohort groups: those who reached high school age before the Supreme Court's landmark Brown vs Board of Education decision in 1954 (i.e., born before 1932) and after (i.e., born in 1932 and later). Age-related trends in optimistic perceptual response diverge notably for women versus men, and for Black versus White Americans. Trends in pessimistic perceptual response differ from trends in optimistic response. For example, in early adulthood Black Americans score higher on both optimistic and pessimistic response patterns than White Americans. Birth-cohort differences in both outcomes vary by gender and race. Those differences are interpreted in terms of changes in political, demographic, and sociocultural contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Magee
- Department of Sociology, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Michael R. Elliott
- Institute for Social Research, and Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, USA
| | | | - Jessica Finlay
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, USA
| | - Philippa Clarke
- Institute for Social Research, and Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, USA
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15
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Rahman A, Sánchez M, Bursac Z, Whiting CY, de Dios MA, Cano M, Meek R, Taskin T, Shawon MSR, Vazquez V, Koly KN, Ullrich HS, Cano MÁ. Ethnic discrimination and psychological stress among Hispanic emerging adults: Examining the moderating effects of distress tolerance and optimism. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INTERCULTURAL RELATIONS : IJIR 2022; 86:217-226. [PMID: 36212111 PMCID: PMC9540438 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijintrel.2021.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Hispanic emerging adults are often exposed to ethnic discrimination, yet little is known about coping resources that may mitigate the effects of ethnic discrimination on psychological stress in this rapidly growing population. As such, this study aims to examine (1) the associations of ethnic discrimination, distress tolerance, and optimism with psychological stress and (2) the moderating effects of distress tolerance and optimism on the association between ethnic discrimination and psychological stress. Data were drawn from a cross-sectional study of 200 Hispanic adults ages 18-25, recruited from two urban counties in Arizona and Florida. Hierarchical multiple regression and moderation analyses were utilized to examine these associations and moderated effects. Findings indicated that higher optimism was associated with lower psychological stress. Conversely, higher ethnic discrimination was associated with higher psychological stress. Moderation analyses indicated that both distress tolerance and optimism moderated the association between ethnic discrimination and psychological stress. These study findings add to the limited literature on ethnic discrimination among Hispanic emerging adults and suggest that distress tolerance may be a key intrapersonal factor that can protect Hispanic emerging adults against the psychological stress often resulting from ethnic discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abir Rahman
- College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, USA
- Cabell-Huntington Health Department, USA
| | - Mariana Sánchez
- College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, USA
| | - Zoran Bursac
- College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, USA
| | | | | | - Manuel Cano
- Department of Social Work, University of Texas at San Antonio, USA
| | - Robert Meek
- College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, USA
| | - Tanjila Taskin
- College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, USA
| | | | - Vicky Vazquez
- College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, USA
| | - Kamrun Nahar Koly
- Health System and Population Studies Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh
| | - Helen Sanchez Ullrich
- Department of Psychological, Health, & Learning Sciences, University of Houston, USA
| | - Miguel Ángel Cano
- College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, USA
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Rogowska AM, Nowak PF, Kwaśnicka A. Healthy Behavior as a Mediator in the Relationship Between Optimism and Life Satisfaction in Health Sciences Students: A Cross-Sectional Study. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2021; 14:1877-1888. [PMID: 34853542 PMCID: PMC8627888 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s335187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study examines the indirect relationship between optimism and life satisfaction via healthy behavior among health sciences students. Participants and Methods The cross-sectional study involved 349 health sciences students, including 58% of women, ranging in age between 19 and 30 years (M = 22.15, SD = 1.83). Self-report questionnaires were used to measure dispositional optimism (the Life Orientation Test-Revised, LOT-R), life satisfaction (Satisfaction with Life Scale, SWLS), and health behaviors (Health Behavior Inventory, HBI), with four subscales: healthy diet (HD), preventive behavior (PB), positive mental attitudes (PMA), and healthy practices (HP). In addition, a single mediation model (with the total HBI as mediator) was compared with a parallel mediation model (with four subscales of the HBI). Gender was controlled as a confounding variable. Results Women scored higher in the total HBI (p < 0.01), HD (p < 0.001) and PB (p < 0.01) than men, while men scored slightly higher in dispositional optimism (p < 0.01). General health behavior (total HBI) completely mediates the relationship between dispositional optimism and life satisfaction, R2 = 0.32. In the parallel model, only PMA was determined as a mediator of the association between dispositional optimism and satisfaction with life, R2 = 0.36. The single mediation model showed perfect fit (X2/df = 0.00, RMSEA = 0.00, SRMR = 0.00, CFI = 1.00, IFI = 1.00, NFI = 1.00), better than the parallel mediation model (X2/df = 2.353, p = 0.095, RMSEA = 0.062, SRMR = 0.020, CFI = 0.995, IFI = 995, NFI = 991). Conclusion The interplay mechanism between personal resources and behavioral health-related habits may explain 32% of life satisfaction variance. The intervention focused on increasing optimistic expectancies and health behaviors should be implemented in universities to increase students’ well-being and prevent depression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paweł F Nowak
- Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Opole University of Technology, Opole, Poland
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17
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The association of optimism and pessimism and all-cause mortality: A systematic review. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2021.110788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Erbay E, Arslan K, Hatipoğlu E, Yildirim T. The Quality of Life, Depression Levels and Coping Styles of Patients on Kidney Transplant Waiting List. SOCIAL WORK IN PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 36:432-447. [PMID: 33771077 DOI: 10.1080/19371918.2021.1903645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to understand the coping strategies, depression levels, sociodemographic characteristics of Turkish patients with hemodialysis, and the other factors explain quality of life levels. This research is a cross-sectional study. The convenience sampling consisted of 292 patients with hemodialysis. The data were collected using the brief COPE, QOL, Beck Depression Inventory and sociodemographic form. According to the research results, patients show mild (score range 10-16) depression symptoms. One of the most important findings of this study is that the coping strategies and level of depression with chronic kidney patients accounted for a significant amount of variance in their quality of life. The relationship between emotion-focused coping strategy and quality of life was not statistically significant. In addition, high level of depression in chronic renal failure patients significantly reduce the quality of life. As a result of the study, the relationship between the high quality of life of patients who use problem-focused coping strategy more intensively and patients with low depression levels was determined. The findings point to the importance of taking individual coping strategies into account when evaluating the impact of a disease on psychosocial wellbeing. Delineation of coping strategies might be useful for identifying patients in need of particular counseling and support. These patients should have frequent contact with a multidisciplinary team of health care givers, possibly allowing for early diagnosis and prompt treatment. Results suggest targeted interventions to stimulate future research regarding the psychological care of patients with chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ercüment Erbay
- Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Department of Social Work, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kübra Arslan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Social Work, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Turkey
| | - Ertuğrul Hatipoğlu
- Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Department of Social Work, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tolga Yildirim
- Faculty of Medicine Department of Internal Diseases Nephrology Subdivision, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Assessment of Optimism in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Case Control-Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18052352. [PMID: 33670871 PMCID: PMC7957798 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a chronic endocrinopathy characterized by hyperandrogenism and anovulation that may pervade psychological dimensions such as dispositional optimism. Considering how PCOS influences mental health and the lack of studies on this matter, this research was aimed at assessing optimism and associated factors in PCOS. A case–control study of 156 patients with PCOS and 117 controls was conducted. All woman filled out the Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R), a self-report questionnaire for measuring dispositional optimism. Medication, pain severity, gynecological, and sociodemographic information was also collected. Lower optimism was found in patients with PCOS compared to controls, even after covariate adjustment (LOT-R global scores: 14.1 vs. 15.9, p = 0.020). Our study provides evidence that a personality characteristic with important implications in illness prognosis may be affected in PCOS. We propose to assess dispositional optimism with the LOT-R scale in the gynecological appointment and tailor medical attention accordingly as a way to improve the comprehensive care of these patients within a multidisciplinary team.
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Jacobs JM, Maaravi Y, Stessman J. Optimism and longevity beyond age 85. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 76:1806-1813. [PMID: 33609364 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glab051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Optimism is associated with health benefits and improved survival among adults aged >65. Whether or not optimism beyond age 85 continues to confer survival benefits is poorly documented. We examine the hypothesis that being optimistic at ages 85 and 90 is associated with improved survival. METHODS The Jerusalem Longitudinal Study (1990-2020) assessed comorbidity, depression, cognition, social and functional status, and 5-year mortality among a representative community sample, born 1920-1921, at age 85 (n=1096) and age 90 (n=533). Overall optimism (Op-Total) was measured using a validated 7-item score from the Scale of Subjective Wellbeing for Older Persons. The four questions concerning positive future expectations (Op-Future) and three questions concerning positive experiences (Op-Happy) were also analyzed separately. We determined unadjusted mortality Hazards Ratios, and also adjusted for gender, financial difficulty, marital status, educational status, ADL dependence, physical activity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, cognitive impairment and depression. RESULTS Between ages 85-90 and 90-95 years, 33.2% (364/1096) and 44.3% (236/533) people died respectively. All mean optimism scores declined from age 85 to 90, with males significantly more optimistic than females throughout. All measures of optimism (Op-Total, Op-Future, Op-Happy) at age 85 and 90 were significantly associated with improved 5-year survival from age 85-90 and 90-95 respectively, in both unadjusted and adjusted models. Findings remained unchanged after separately excluding depressed subjects, cognitively impaired subjects, and subjects dying within 6 months from baseline. CONCLUSIONS These finding support the hypothesis that being optimistic continues to confer a survival benefit irrespective of advancing age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy M Jacobs
- The Jerusalem Institute of Aging Research, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel.,Department of Geriatric Rehabilitation and the Center for Palliative Care, Hadassah Medical Center, Mt Scopus, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yoram Maaravi
- The Jerusalem Institute of Aging Research, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel.,Department of Geriatric Rehabilitation and the Center for Palliative Care, Hadassah Medical Center, Mt Scopus, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jochanan Stessman
- The Jerusalem Institute of Aging Research, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel.,Department of Geriatric Rehabilitation and the Center for Palliative Care, Hadassah Medical Center, Mt Scopus, Jerusalem, Israel
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Basten-Günther J, Kunz M, Peters M, Lautenbacher S. The effect of optimism on the facial expression of pain: Implications for pain communication. Eur J Pain 2020; 25:817-830. [PMID: 33325605 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.1712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a broad range of evidence on optimism dampening the pain experience, as assessed by subjective self-report. Facial expression of pain conveys supplementary information about the pain experience, is an integral part of pain communication and assists psychosocial pain coping. Nevertheless, the effect of induced optimism on facial activity during pain has to our knowledge not been examined. METHODS In our experiment, 40 healthy participants underwent two blocks of thermal stimulation containing phasic non-painful and painful stimuli. Between the two blocks, the Best Possible Self imagery and writing task was performed to induce situational optimism, while a control group wrote about their typical day. Facial activity and self-report ratings of intensity and unpleasantness were recorded. Facial activity was analysed using the Facial Action Coding System. RESULTS The optimism manipulation was successful in increasing state optimism. It did not affect self-report ratings, but resulted in a stronger facial expression of pain, caused especially by increases in Action Units 4 (furrowed brows) and 6_7 (narrowed eyes). CONCLUSIONS All Action Units, which were affected by the optimism induction, are known to be prevalent during pain stimulation. The increase in facial expression might reflect reduced inhibition of pain communication in temporarily optimistic participants. Optimism might lead to expecting positive and helpful reactions from others and, by that, to great readiness to elicit these reactions by non-verbal social behaviour. SIGNIFICANCE This study is the first to indicate that state optimism increases the facial expression of pain as a social signal for help and empathy without concomitant changes in the subjective pain experience.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miriam Kunz
- Department of Medical Psychology and Sociology, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Madelon Peters
- Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Glover LM, Butler-Williams C, Cain-Shields L, Forde AT, Purnell TS, Young B, Sims M. Optimism is associated with chronic kidney disease and rapid kidney function decline among African Americans in the Jackson Heart Study. J Psychosom Res 2020; 139:110267. [PMID: 33069050 PMCID: PMC7722009 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2020.110267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Investigate the association of dispositional optimism with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and rapid kidney function decline (RKFD) and determine if there is modification by age, sex, and educational attainment among African Americans. METHODS Optimism was measured using the 6-item Life Orientation Test-Revised scale (categorized into tertiles and log transformed) among participants from the Jackson Heart Study (n = 1960). CKD was defined as the presence of albuminuria or reduced glomerular filtration rate of <60 mL/min/1.73m2, or report of dialysis at baseline examination (2000-2004). RKFD was defined as a decline >3 mL/min/1.73m2/year between baseline and exam 3 (2009-2013). The cross-sectional and prospective associations between optimism and kidney outcomes were tested using multivariable logistic regression to obtain odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), adjusting for demographics, education, risk factors, behaviors, and depressive symptoms. We tested effect modification by age, sex, and education. RESULTS 569 participants had CKD and 326 were classified as having RKFD by exam 3. After full adjustment, the OR for CKD was 0.73 for those who reported high (vs. low) optimism (95% CI 0.55-0.99) and 0.56 (95% CI 0.27-1.15) for the optimism score. After 7.21 median years of follow up, the OR for RKFD was 0.51 for those who reported high (vs. low) optimism (95% CI 0.34-0.76), and 0.26 (95% CI 0.10-0.56) for the optimism score, after full adjustment. There was no evidence of effect modification by demographics or educational attainment. CONCLUSIONS Higher optimism was associated with a lower odds of CKD and a lower odds of RKFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- LáShauntá M Glover
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | | | - Loretta Cain-Shields
- Department of Data Science, John D. Bower School of Population Health, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Allana T Forde
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tanjala S Purnell
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bessie Young
- Veterans Affairs, Hospital and Specialty Medicine and Center for Innovation, Seattle, WA, USA; Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mario Sims
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
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Johnson ME, Cottler LB. Optimism and opioid misuse among justice-involved children. Addict Behav 2020; 103:106226. [PMID: 31838447 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.106226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM Adolescents in the criminal justice system, called justice-involved children (JIC), are particularly vulnerable in the modern opioid misuse (OM) epidemic. After release, relapse and overdose occur at higher rates than the general population. The current study assesses optimism and likelihood of P30D consumption of non-prescription or illicit opioids among JIC. METHODS The study examines a sample of 79,960 JIC from the Florida Department of Juvenile Justice. Multivariate logistic regression was employed, controlling for gender, race, family income, age, history of mental problems, history of depression, and county of residence. RESULTS JIC who reported very low optimism on the final screen had over 8 times the odds of meeting criteria for P30D OM compared to those with high optimism while adjusting for covariates. CONCLUSIONS Further research is needed to understand the potential for optimism to serve as a protective factor. Optimism can be developed, and therefore can possibly be incorporated to design novel interventions or integrated into empirically validated treatment programs to precipitate uptake.
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Zentner D, Celermajer DS, Gentles T, d’Udekem Y, Ayer J, Blue GM, Bridgman C, Burchill L, Cheung M, Cordina R, Culnane E, Davis A, du Plessis K, Eagleson K, Finucane K, Frank B, Greenway S, Grigg L, Hardikar W, Hornung T, Hynson J, Iyengar AJ, James P, Justo R, Kalman J, Kasparian N, Le B, Marshall K, Mathew J, McGiffin D, McGuire M, Monagle P, Moore B, Neilsen J, O’Connor B, O’Donnell C, Pflaumer A, Rice K, Sholler G, Skinner JR, Sood S, Ward J, Weintraub R, Wilson T, Wilson W, Winlaw D, Wood A. Management of People With a Fontan Circulation: a Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand Position statement. Heart Lung Circ 2020; 29:5-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2019.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Calderón-Larrañaga A, Vetrano DL, Welmer AK, Grande G, Fratiglioni L, Dekhtyar S. Psychological correlates of multimorbidity and disability accumulation in older adults. Age Ageing 2019; 48:789-796. [PMID: 31579908 PMCID: PMC6814086 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afz117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES attitudes toward life and health are emerging as important psychological contributors to health heterogeneity in ageing. We aimed to explore whether different psychological factors were associated with the rate of chronic disease and disability accumulation over time. DESIGN population-based cohort study between 2001 and 2010. SETTING Swedish National study on aging and care in Kungsholmen. SUBJECTS adults aged 60 and older (N = 2293). METHODS linear mixed models were employed to study the association of life satisfaction, health outlook, resistance to illness, sickness orientation, and health worry with the rate of accumulation of chronic diseases and impaired basic and instrumental activities of daily living. Models were adjusted for demographic, clinical, social, personality and lifestyle factors. Analyses were repeated after excluding individuals with multimorbidity or disability at baseline. RESULTS high life satisfaction and positive health outlook were consistently associated with a lower rate of accumulation and progression of multimorbidity (β -0.064 95% confidence interval [CI] -0.116, -0.011; β -0.065 95% CI -0.121, -0.008, respectively) and disability (β -0.063 95% CI -0.098, -0.028; β -0.042 95% CI -0.079, -0.004, respectively) over time. This was true even for people without multimorbidity or disability at baseline and after adjusting for all covariates. CONCLUSIONS positive attitudes toward life in general and health in particular may be especially important in old age, when the cumulative effects of biological and environmental deficits lead to accelerated health decline. These findings should encourage researchers to use measures of psychological well-being to better understand the multifactorial and diverse process of ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaia Calderón-Larrañaga
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Davide Liborio Vetrano
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Geriatrics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Centro di Medicina dell’Invecchiamento, IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico “A. Gemelli”, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna-Karin Welmer
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Giulia Grande
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laura Fratiglioni
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Stockholm Gerontology Research Center, Sweden
| | - Serhiy Dekhtyar
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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Ghaffari M, Morowatisharifabad MA, Mehrabi Y, Zare S, Askari J, Alizadeh S. What Are the Hemodialysis Patients' Style in Coping with Stress? A Directed Content Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY BASED NURSING AND MIDWIFERY 2019; 7:309-318. [PMID: 31641680 PMCID: PMC6779919 DOI: 10.30476/ijcbnm.2019.81324.0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Nowadays, the prevalence of chronic diseases, such as chronic renal failure, is rising. These patients need hemodialysis to continue their treatment, which is a stressful process. This research was conducted with the purpose of explaining coping styles in hemodialysis patients regarding stress factors based on the Lazarus and Folkman's transactional model. Methods This qualitative study was conducted as a content analysis. The data collection method was semi-structured interview with 22 patients from dialysis centers in Tehran. The data were collected from October to January 2017. Sampling was purposive and continued until data saturation. Data were analyzed using the directed content analysis method. The process of data analysis proposed by Hsieh and Shannon's was followed. Results 106 codes and 24 sub subcategories were obtained through this research and classified into 8 sub-categories of transactional stress model including: problem management, emotional regulation, social support, dispositional coping styles, positive reappraisal, revised goals, spiritual beliefs and positive events; and 3 categories of coping structures that included coping efforts, meaning-based coping and moderators. Conclusion Dialysis patients are making efforts to cope with their stress in order to reduce their stress; in some cases, these efforts lead to reduction in stress, and in some cases, due to using unsound coping style, they are ineffective or even harmful. Therefore, the necessity of planning and proper interventions is felt by health care providers to control stress in dialysis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohtasham Ghaffari
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Environmental and Occupational Hazards Control Research Center, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Yadolah Mehrabi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samad Zare
- Department of Medical, School of Urology. Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Jafar Askari
- Department of Medical, School of Psychology, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Somayeh Alizadeh
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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Tomljenovic H, Bubic A, Erceg N. It just doesn't feel right - the relevance of emotions and intuition for parental vaccine conspiracy beliefs and vaccination uptake. Psychol Health 2019; 35:538-554. [PMID: 31588791 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2019.1673894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Vaccine hesitancy has been identified as one of the major contributors to child under-vaccination. Research indicates that some hesitant parents' mistrust extends to specific conspiracy ideation, but research on vaccine conspiracy beliefs is still scarce. Our objective was to explore factors contributing to parental vaccine conspiracy beliefs and actual vaccine uptake in children.Design: A cross-sectional correlational design with a non-probabilistic sample of 823 volunteer participants surveyed online.Main outcome measures: We focussed on the contributions of the analytically rational and experientially intuitive thinking styles, as well as measures of emotional functioning, namely optimism and emotions towards vaccination, to vaccine conspiracy beliefs and vaccine uptake as outcomes.Results: The obtained results showed that greater vaccine conspiracy beliefs were associated with stronger unpleasant emotions towards vaccination and greater experientially intuitive thinking, as well as lower levels of education. Furthermore, unpleasant emotions towards vaccination and intuitive thinking were associated with vaccine refusal.Conclusion: These findings confirm the primary importance of emotions, along with the propensity towards intuitive thinking, in the context of vaccine conspiracy beliefs and refusal, supporting the notion that parents' avoidance is guided by their affect. These results have direct implications for addressing vaccine hesitancy within public campaigns and policies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andreja Bubic
- Chair for Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Nikola Erceg
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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Abstract
A growing body of literature provides evidence of the health-promoting effects of optimism, including its protective role in acute and chronic pain. Optimists are characterized by positive expectations concerning the future. These positive outcome expectancies lead to more and longer goal-directed efforts and the use of approach coping strategies. No systematic review on the effects of optimism on the experience of pain has so far been conducted. A search in the databases PubMed, Web of Science and PsycInfo, and the scanning of reference lists identified 69 eligible studies. These were categorized according to sample size, participants' age and sex, design, optimism-pain relation as primary vs. secondary study objective, and level of study/publication quality. Overall percentages of positive, zero, and negative associations between optimism and pain as well as relative frequencies of these associations in the different categories were analyzed. About 70% of the studies showed a positive, i.e., beneficial association between optimism and at least one pain outcome. A larger percentage of beneficial associations was found in studies with experimental designs, in studies with the optimism-pain relation as primary objective, in high-quality studies/publications, and in studies including participants with a higher average age. The review suggests that optimism is associated with less acute and chronic pain, especially since a higher percentage of beneficial associations was found with high study/publication quality and with the primary focus on this relationship. For the moderating role of age, different explanations are proposed. Further research on causal relationships and on optimism-fostering clinical interventions is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Madelon Peters
- Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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29
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Levy S, Heruti I, Avitsur R. Physical injury, stress, and health: Protective role of dispositional optimism. Stress Health 2019; 35:267-276. [PMID: 30768837 DOI: 10.1002/smi.2859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Physical injuries are common occurrences that can have substantial implications for personal, emotional, and social functioning. A recent study reported higher prevalence of common illnesses and reduced health-related quality of life (HRQL) in injury victims. Based on these findings, the present study examined the role of the antibody immunoglobulin A (IgA) and the stress hormone cortisol in the association between injury and health. Additionally, the role of daily life stress and dispositional optimism in this association was examined. Thirty-seven victims of injury (e.g., fractures and burns) and 41 noninjured participants were assessed for cortisol and IgA levels and completed a battery of questionnaires assessing illness prevalence, HRQL, perceived stress, and optimism. Injured participants reported higher prevalence of illness and poorer HRQL compared with noninjured participants; however, changes in cortisol or IgA levels did not explain this increase in illness. Correlations between perceived stress and HRQL were stronger in injured participants compared with noninjured controls, indicating that injured individuals are more affected by stress. Dispositional optimism was lower in injured participants, and optimism buffered the negative effect of stress on HRQL. Accordingly, it is suggested that optimism played a protective role against the negative consequences of stress in injured individuals, thus improving HRQL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigal Levy
- School of Behavioral Sciences, The Academic College of Tel Aviv-Yaffo, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Irit Heruti
- School of Behavioral Sciences, The Academic College of Tel Aviv-Yaffo, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Psychology Department, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Ronit Avitsur
- School of Behavioral Sciences, The Academic College of Tel Aviv-Yaffo, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Cognitive and emotional factors in health behaviour: Dual-process reasoning, cognitive styles and optimism as predictors of healthy lifestyle, healthy behaviours and medical adherence. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-019-00268-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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31
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Optimists report fewer physical and mental health conditions than pessimists in the general Norwegian population. HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY REPORT 2019. [DOI: 10.5114/hpr.2019.81003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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The Role of Resilience in the Sibling Experience of Pediatric Palliative Care: What Is the Theory and Evidence? CHILDREN-BASEL 2018; 5:children5070097. [PMID: 30012977 PMCID: PMC6069058 DOI: 10.3390/children5070097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Siblings of children with life limiting conditions (LLC) are an important part of the broader family system and require consideration in the holistic care of the family. There can be considerable variation in the functioning and adjustment of these siblings. The current paper explores the resilience paradigm, particularly in the context of siblings of children with LLC and serious medical conditions. The potential impact of children living with a seriously ill brother or sister will be overviewed, and a range of functional outcomes considered. Factors contributing to sibling resilience are detailed, including individual, family, and broader external and social factors. Given the limited research with siblings of children with LLC, literature has also been drawn from the siblings of children with serious and/or chronic medical conditions. Implications for clinical practice and future research are considered. Pediatric palliative care services may be well placed to contribute to this body of research as they have commonly extended relationships with the families of children with LLC, which span across the child’s disease trajectory.
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Sharif Nia H, Pahlevan Sharif S, Boyle C, Yaghoobzadeh A, Tahmasbi B, Rassool GH, Taebei M, Soleimani MA. The Factor Structure of the Spiritual Well-Being Scale in Veterans Experienced Chemical Weapon Exposure. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2018; 57:596-608. [PMID: 28748326 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-017-0458-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the factor structure of the spiritual well-being among a sample of the Iranian veterans. In this methodological research, 211 male veterans of Iran-Iraq warfare completed the Paloutzian and Ellison spiritual well-being scale. Maximum likelihood (ML) with oblique rotation was used to assess domain structure of the spiritual well-being. The construct validity of the scale was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), convergent validity, and discriminant validity. Reliability was evaluated with Cronbach's alpha, Theta (θ), and McDonald Omega (Ω) coefficients, intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC), and construct reliability (CR). Results of ML and CFA suggested three factors which were labeled "relationship with God," "belief in fate and destiny," and "life optimism." The ICC, coefficients of the internal consistency, and CR were >.7 for the factors of the scale. Convergent validity and discriminant validity did not fulfill the requirements. The Persian version of spiritual well-being scale demonstrated suitable validity and reliability among the veterans of Iran-Iraq warfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Sharif Nia
- School of Nursing and Midwifery Amol, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | | | | | | | - Bahram Tahmasbi
- School of Nursing and Midwifery Amol, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - G Hussein Rassool
- University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing - WHO Collaborating Centre for Nursing Research Development, Jundiaí, Brazil
| | - Mozhgan Taebei
- School of Nursing and Midwifery Razi, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Soleimani
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
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Coyle LA, Atkinson S. Imagined futures in living with multiple conditions: Positivity, relationality and hopelessness. Soc Sci Med 2018; 198:53-60. [PMID: 29276986 PMCID: PMC5884318 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hope serves as an overarching concept for a range of engagements that demonstrate the benefits of a positive outlook for coping with chronic conditions of ill-health and disability. A dominant engagement through medicine has positioned hope as a desirable attribute and its opposite, hopelessness, as pathological. In this engagement hope is individual, internally located and largely cognitive and able to be learned. Attaining hope reflects a process of coming to terms with the losses associated with long-term conditions and of imagining new meanings and purposes for the future ahead. This process is characterised by a set of linear temporal stages, from loss and denial to acceptance and reappraising the life-course, by an emphasis on the morally desirable exercise of self-care and by a desired outcome that, in the absence of cure, is hope. Through interviews, we aim to unsettle the privileged status given to a positive outlook through examining the expressions, contexts and negotiations of hopelessness of people living with multiple conditions of ill-health and/or disability. These narratives of hopelessness disclose the ways in which realistic imagined possibilities for the future are constrained by external structures of time and function that demand complex negotiations with places, bodies and other people. As a situated and relational narrative, hopelessness draws our attention to the need to rebalance the exclusive attention to individual, internal resources with a renewed attention to contexts and settings. Moreover, hopelessness can be generative for those living with multiple conditions in shaping alternatively framed priorities with respect to their temporal and interpersonal relations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay-Ann Coyle
- Durham University, Department of Geography and the Centre for Medical Humanities, Lower Mountjoy, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Atkinson
- Durham University, Department of Geography and the Centre for Medical Humanities, Lower Mountjoy, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom.
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35
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Jaaniste T, Coombs S, Donnelly TJ, Kelk N, Beston D. Risk and Resilience Factors Related to Parental Bereavement Following the Death of a Child with a Life-Limiting Condition. CHILDREN-BASEL 2017; 4:children4110096. [PMID: 29120367 PMCID: PMC5704130 DOI: 10.3390/children4110096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper reviews the theoretical and empirical literature on risk and resilience factors impacting on parental bereavement outcomes following the death of a child with a life-limiting condition. Over the past few decades, bereavement research has focussed primarily on a risk-based approach. In light of advances in the literature on resilience, the authors propose a Risk and Resilience Model of Parental Bereavement, thus endeavouring to give more holistic consideration to a range of potential influences on parental bereavement outcomes. The literature will be reviewed with regard to the role of: (i) loss-oriented stressors (e.g., circumstances surrounding the death and multiple losses); (ii) inter-personal factors (e.g., marital factors, social support, and religious practices); (iii) intra-personal factors (e.g., neuroticism, trait optimism, psychological flexibility, attachment style, and gender); and (iv) coping and appraisal, on parental bereavement outcomes. Challenges facing this area of research are discussed, and research and clinical implications considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiina Jaaniste
- Department of Pain and Palliative Care, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick NSW 2031, Australia.
- School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Sandra Coombs
- Department of Pain and Palliative Care, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick NSW 2031, Australia.
| | - Theresa J Donnelly
- Department of Pain and Palliative Care, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick NSW 2031, Australia.
| | - Norm Kelk
- Department of Pain and Palliative Care, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick NSW 2031, Australia.
| | - Danielle Beston
- Department of Pain and Palliative Care, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick NSW 2031, Australia.
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36
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Heinonen E, Heiskanen T, Lindfors O, Härkäpää K, Knekt P. Dispositional optimism as predictor of outcome in short- and long-term psychotherapy. Psychol Psychother 2017; 90:279-298. [PMID: 27743465 DOI: 10.1111/papt.12109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dispositional optimism predicts various beneficial outcomes in somatic health and treatment, but has been little studied in psychotherapy. This study investigated whether an optimistic disposition differentially predicts patients' ability to benefit from short-term versus long-term psychotherapy. DESIGN A total of 326 adult outpatients with mood and/or anxiety disorder were randomized into short-term (solution-focused or short-term psychodynamic) or long-term psychodynamic therapy and followed up for 3 years. METHODS Dispositional optimism was assessed by patients at baseline with the self-rated Life Orientation Test (LOT) questionnaire. Outcome was assessed at baseline and seven times during the follow-up, in terms of depressive (BDI, HDRS), anxiety (SCL-90-ANX, HARS), and general psychiatric symptoms (SCL-90-GSI), all seven follow-up points including patients' self-reports and three including interview-based measures. RESULTS Lower dispositional optimism predicted faster symptom reduction in short-term than in long-term psychotherapy. Higher optimism predicted equally rapid and eventually greater benefits in long-term, as compared to short-term, psychotherapy. CONCLUSIONS Weaker optimism appeared to predict sustenance of problems early in long-term therapy. Stronger optimism seems to best facilitate engaging in and benefiting from a long-term therapy process. Closer research might clarify the psychological processes responsible for these effects and help fine-tune both briefer and longer interventions to optimize treatment effectiveness for particular patients and their psychological qualities. PRACTITIONER POINTS Weaker dispositional optimism does not appear to inhibit brief therapy from effecting symptomatic recovery. Patients with weaker optimism do not seem to gain added benefits from long-term therapy, but instead may be susceptible to prolonged psychiatric symptoms in the early stages of long-term therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erkki Heinonen
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiia Heiskanen
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olavi Lindfors
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Paul Knekt
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.,Biomedicum Helsinki, Finland
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Noser E, Walther A, Ehlert U. Are Psychosocial Resources Associated With Perceived Facial Aging in Men? Gerontol Geriatr Med 2017; 3:2333721417714875. [PMID: 28660241 PMCID: PMC5476325 DOI: 10.1177/2333721417714875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Looking younger than actual age has been related to a variety of health outcomes. Optimism, self-esteem, and relationship satisfaction are important psychosocial resources for mental health. Little is known about their relation with a younger facial appearance. Objective: This study analyzed whether these psychosocial resources are associated with a younger facial appearance and if their effects were mediated through mental health. Method: A sample of N = 223 self-reporting healthy men aged 40 to 75 years filled in questionnaires to assess optimism (Life Orientation Test–Revised), self-esteem (Multidimensional Self-Esteem Scale), relationship satisfaction (Relationship Assessment Scale), and mental health (Short-Form Health Survey). Five female raters estimated the visual age of each participant from a frontal face photograph. Results: Looking younger (compared with chronological age) was correlated with optimism, relationship satisfaction, and mental health. Mediation analyses and structural equation modeling indicated that mental health mediated the association between each psychosocial resource and a younger appearance. Discussion: The results emphasize the importance of promoting psychosocial resources and mental health in men 40+ for the maintenance of good health and the deceleration of facial aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilou Noser
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Zurich, Switzerland.,University Research Priority Program, Dynamics of Healthy Aging, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Walther
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Zurich, Switzerland.,University Research Priority Program, Dynamics of Healthy Aging, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ulrike Ehlert
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Zurich, Switzerland.,University Research Priority Program, Dynamics of Healthy Aging, University of Zurich, Switzerland
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Valdelamar-Jiménez J, Sánchez-Pedraza R. Traducción y adaptación transcultural de la escala Life Orientation Test- Revised para medir optimismo disposicional en cuidadores de pacientes con cáncer en Colombia. REVISTA FACULTAD NACIONAL DE SALUD PÚBLICA 2017. [DOI: 10.17533/udea.rfnsp.v35n2a06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Subramanian L, Quinn M, Zhao J, Lachance L, Zee J, Tentori F. Coping with kidney disease - qualitative findings from the Empowering Patients on Choices for Renal Replacement Therapy (EPOCH-RRT) study. BMC Nephrol 2017; 18:119. [PMID: 28372582 PMCID: PMC5379545 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-017-0542-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The highly burdensome effects of kidney failure and its management impose many life-altering changes on patients. Better understanding of successful coping strategies will inform patients and help health care providers support patients’ needs as they navigate these changes together. Methods A qualitative, cross-sectional study involving semi-structured telephone interviews including open- and closed-ended questions, with 179 U.S. patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD), either not yet on dialysis ([CKD-ND], n = 65), or on dialysis (hemodialysis [HD], n = 76; or peritoneal dialysis [PD], n = 38) recruited through social media and in-person contacts from June to December 2013. Themes identified through content analysis of interview transcripts were classified based on the Coping Strategies Index (CSI) and compared across groups by demographics, treatment modality, and health status. Results Overall, more engagement than disengagement strategies were observed. “Take care of myself and follow doctors’ orders,” “accept it,” and “rely on family and friends” were the common coping themes. Participants often used multiple coping strategies. Various factors such as treatment modality, time since diagnosis, presence of other chronic comorbidities, and self-perceived limitations contributed to types of coping strategies used by CKD patients. Conclusions The simultaneous use of coping strategies that span different categories within each of the CSI subscales by CKD patients reflects the complex and reactive response to the variable demands of the disease and its treatment options on their lives. Learning from the lived experience of others could empower patients to more frequently use positive coping strategies depending on their personal context as well as the stage of the disease and associated stressors. Moreover, this understanding can improve the support provided by health care systems and providers to patients to better deal with the many challenges they face in living with kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalita Subramanian
- Arbor Research Collaborative for Health, 340 E. Huron, Suite 300, Ann Arbor, MI, 48104, USA.
| | - Martha Quinn
- The Center for Managing Chronic Disease, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Junhui Zhao
- Arbor Research Collaborative for Health, 340 E. Huron, Suite 300, Ann Arbor, MI, 48104, USA
| | - Laurie Lachance
- The Center for Managing Chronic Disease, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jarcy Zee
- Arbor Research Collaborative for Health, 340 E. Huron, Suite 300, Ann Arbor, MI, 48104, USA
| | - Francesca Tentori
- Arbor Research Collaborative for Health, 340 E. Huron, Suite 300, Ann Arbor, MI, 48104, USA.,Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1211 Medical Center Drive, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
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Xu N, Zhao S, Xue H, Fu W, Liu L, Zhang T, Huang R, Zhang N. Associations of perceived social support and positive psychological resources with fatigue symptom in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173293. [PMID: 28291837 PMCID: PMC5349444 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to assess the association between perceived social support (PSS) and fatigue and the roles of hope, optimism, general self-efficacy and resilience as mediators or moderators on PSS-fatigue association among Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) patients in China. Methods A multi-center, cross-sectional study was conducted withinpatients diagnosed with RA in northeast China, in which 305 eligible inpatients were enrolled. The Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, Herth Hope Index, Life Orientation Test Revised, General Self-Efficacy Scale and Ego-Resiliency Scale were completed. The associations of PSS, hope, optimism, general self-efficacy and resilience with fatigue and the moderating roles of these positive psychological constructs were tested by hierarchical linear regression. Asymptotic and resampling strategies were utilized to assess the mediating roles of hope, optimism, general self-efficacy and resilience. Results The mean score of the MFI was 57.88 (SD = 9.50). PSS, hope, optimism and resilience were negatively associated with RA-related fatigue, whereas DAS28-CRP was positively associated. Only resilience positively moderated the PSS-fatigue association (B = 0.03, β = 0.13, P<0.01). Hope, optimism and resilience may act as partial mediators in the association between PSS and fatigue symptoms (hope: a*b = -0.16, BCa 95%CI: -0.27, -0.03; optimism: a*b = -0.20, BCa 95%CI: -0.30, -0.10; resilience: a*b = -0.12, BCa 95%CI: -0.21–0.04). Conclusions Fatigue is a severe symptom among RA patients. Resilience may positively moderate the PSS-fatigue association. Hope, optimism and resilience may act as partial mediators in the association. PSS, hope, optimism and resilience may contribute as effective recourses to alleviate fatigue, upon which PSS probably has the greatest effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- NeiLi Xu
- The Second Clinical Academy of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Shuai Zhao
- The Department of Rheumatology at Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - HongXia Xue
- The Department of Rheumatology at Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - WenYi Fu
- The Department of Rheumatology at Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - TianQi Zhang
- The Second Clinical Academy of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Rui Huang
- The Second Clinical Academy of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- The Department of Rheumatology at Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- * E-mail:
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Steca P, Monzani D, Pierobon A, Avvenuti G, Greco A, Giardini A. Measuring dispositional optimism in patients with chronic heart failure and their healthcare providers: the validity of the Life Orientation Test-Revised. Patient Prefer Adherence 2017; 11:1497-1503. [PMID: 28919722 PMCID: PMC5593410 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s139522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R) measures dispositional optimism (DO) - an individual difference promoting physical and psychological well-being in healthy adults (HAs) as well as in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) and healthcare providers (HPs). Controversy has arisen regarding the dimensionality of the LOT-R. Whereas DO was originally defined as a one-dimensional construct, empirical evidence suggests two correlated factors in the LOT-R. This study was the first attempt to identify the best factor structure of the LOT-R in patients with CHF and HPs and to evaluate its measurement invariance among subsamples of patients with CHF, HPs, and a normative sample of HAs. Its validity was also evaluated in patients with CHF. The sample comprised 543 participants (34% HAs; 34% HPs; and 32% CHF patients). Congeneric, two correlated factor, and two orthogonal factor models for the LOT-R were compared by performing confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Measurement invariance was evaluated by considering differential item functioning (DIF) among subsamples of HPs, patients with CHF, and HAs. In patients with CHF, validity was assessed by considering associations with anxiety and depression. The CFA demonstrated the superior fit of the two orthogonal factor model. Moreover, across patients with CHF, HPs, and HAs, the results highlighted a minimal DIF with only trivial consequences. Finally, negative but weak correlations of DO with anxiety and depression confirmed the validity of the LOT-R in patients with CHF. In summary, these findings supported the validity and suitability of the LOT-R for the assessment of DO in patients with CHF, HPs, and HAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Steca
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano – Bicocca, Milan
| | - Dario Monzani
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano – Bicocca, Milan
- Correspondence: Dario Monzani, Department of Psychology, University of Milano – Bicocca, Piazza dell’Ateneo Nuovo, 1, 20126 Milano, Italy, Tel +39 02 6448 3803, Fax +39 02 6448 3706, Email
| | - Antonia Pierobon
- Psychology Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri Spa SB, IRCCS Montescano, Montescano, Italy
| | - Giulia Avvenuti
- Psychology Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri Spa SB, IRCCS Montescano, Montescano, Italy
| | - Andrea Greco
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano – Bicocca, Milan
| | - Anna Giardini
- Psychology Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri Spa SB, IRCCS Montescano, Montescano, Italy
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Moser DK, Arslanian-Engoren C, Biddle MJ, Chung ML, Dekker RL, Hammash MH, Mudd-Martin G, Alhurani AS, Lennie TA. Psychological Aspects of Heart Failure. Curr Cardiol Rep 2016; 18:119. [DOI: 10.1007/s11886-016-0799-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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