1
|
Jostrup E, Claesdotter-Knutsson E, Tallberg P, Söderlund G, Gustafsson P, Nyström M. No Effects of Auditory and Visual White Noise on Oculomotor Control in Children with ADHD. J Atten Disord 2024; 28:1668-1683. [PMID: 39252445 DOI: 10.1177/10870547241273249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND White noise stimulation has demonstrated efficacy in enhancing working memory in children with ADHD. However, its impact on other executive functions commonly affected by ADHD, such as inhibitory control, remains largely unexplored. This research aims to explore the effects of two types of white noise stimulation on oculomotor inhibitory control in children with ADHD. METHOD Memory guided saccade (MGS) and prolonged fixation (PF) performance was compared between children with ADHD (N = 52) and typically developing controls (TDC, N = 45), during auditory and visual white noise stimulation as well as in a no noise condition. RESULTS Neither the auditory nor the visual white noise had any beneficial effects on performance for either group. CONCLUSIONS White noise stimulation does not appear to be beneficial for children with ADHD in tasks that target oculomotor inhibitory control. Potential explanations for this lack of noise benefit will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pia Tallberg
- Lund University, Sweden
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Clinic, Region Skåne, Lund, Sweden
| | - Göran Söderlund
- Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
- University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sun Y, Zhou J, Zhu H, Liu P, Lin H, Xiao Z, Yu X, Qian J, Tong M, Chi X, Hong Q. Characteristics of Speech Auditory Brainstem Response in Preschool Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2024; 67:3163-3177. [PMID: 39083453 DOI: 10.1044/2024_jslhr-23-00454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of auditory processing (AP) in preschool children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) using the speech auditory brainstem response (speech-ABR), which provides insights into the AP of speech signals in the central auditory nervous system (CANS). METHOD A total of 84 preschool children diagnosed with ADHD, aged 4-6 years, were matched with 84 typically developing (TD) children based on gender and age. All children underwent speech-ABR testing, cognitive assessment using the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence-Fourth Edition or the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth Edition, and a continuous performance test. RESULTS Children with ADHD exhibited significantly longer latencies of speech-ABR waveforms V, A, and D compared to TD children. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the latencies of speech-ABR waves V, A, and D were affected by the presence of ADHD, but not by the full-scale intelligence quotient. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed that preschool children with ADHD exhibited abnormal AP of speech signals in their CANS. The findings suggest that speech-ABR can be utilized as a reliable measure to evaluate AP ability in this population, as it remains unaffected by cognitive or attentional factors. The transient response (V, A) of speech-ABR was found to be a significant predictor of ADHD in a clinical setting. Early assessment of AP abnormalities via speech-ABR is recommended in preschool-age children to develop targeted interventions for ADHD. SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.26376502.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Sun
- Department of Child Healthcare, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital), China
| | - Jia Zhou
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Huiqin Zhu
- School of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Panting Liu
- Department of Child Healthcare, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital), China
| | - Huanxi Lin
- Department of Child Healthcare, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital), China
| | - Zhenglu Xiao
- School of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Xinyue Yu
- Department of Child Healthcare, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital), China
- School of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Jun Qian
- Department of Child Healthcare, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital), China
| | - Meiling Tong
- Department of Child Healthcare, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital), China
| | - Xia Chi
- Department of Child Healthcare, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital), China
- Nanjing Medical Key Laboratory of Developmental Behavioral Pediatrics, China
| | - Qin Hong
- Department of Child Healthcare, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital), China
- Nanjing Medical Key Laboratory of Developmental Behavioral Pediatrics, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jostrup E, Nyström M, Tallberg P, Söderlund G, Gustafsson P, Claesdotter-Knutsson E. Effects of Auditory and Visual White Noise on Oculomotor Inhibition in Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Protocol for a Crossover Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2024; 13:e56388. [PMID: 39146010 PMCID: PMC11362705 DOI: 10.2196/56388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), poor inhibitory control is one of the main characteristics, with oculomotor inhibition impairments being considered a potential biomarker of the disorder. While auditory white noise has demonstrated the ability to enhance working memory in this group, visual white noise is still unexplored and so are the effects of both types of white noise stimulation on oculomotor inhibition. OBJECTIVE This crossover study aims to explore the impact of auditory and visual white noise on oculomotor inhibition in children with ADHD and typically developing (TD) children. The study will investigate the impact of different noise levels (25% and 50% visual, 78 dB auditory), and performance will be evaluated both with and without noise stimulation. We hypothesize that exposure to white noise will improve performance in children with ADHD and impair the performance for TD children. METHODS Memory-guided saccades and prolonged fixations, known for their sensitivity in detecting oculomotor disinhibition in ADHD, will be used to assess performance. Children diagnosed with ADHD, withdrawing from medication for 24 hours, and TD children without psychiatric disorders were recruited for the study. RESULTS Data collection was initiated in October 2023 and ended in February 2024. A total of 97 participants were enrolled, and the first results are expected between September and November 2024. CONCLUSIONS This study will examine whether cross-modal sensory stimulation can enhance executive function, specifically eye movement control, in children with ADHD. In addition, the study will explore potential differences between auditory and visual noise effects in both groups. Our goal is to identify implications for understanding how noise can be used to improve cognitive performance. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06057441; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06057441. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/56388.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erica Jostrup
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Marcus Nyström
- Lund University Humanities Lab, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Pia Tallberg
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Outpatient Department, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Clinic, Region Skåne, Lund, Sweden
| | - Göran Söderlund
- Faculty of Teacher Education Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
- Department of Education and Special Education, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peik Gustafsson
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Emma Claesdotter-Knutsson
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Outpatient Department, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Clinic, Region Skåne, Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nigg JT, Bruton A, Kozlowski MB, Johnstone JM, Karalunas SL. Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis: Do White Noise or Pink Noise Help With Task Performance in Youth With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder or With Elevated Attention Problems? J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024; 63:778-788. [PMID: 38428577 PMCID: PMC11283987 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2023.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Public interest in the potential benefits of white, pink, and brown noise for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has recently mushroomed. White noise contains all frequencies of noise and sounds like static; pink or brown noise has more power in the lower frequencies and may sound, respectively, like rain or a waterfall. This meta-analysis evaluated effects on laboratory tasks in individuals with ADHD or elevated ADHD symptoms. METHOD Eligible studies reported on participants with diagnosis of ADHD or elevated symptoms of ADHD who were assessed in a randomized trial using laboratory tasks intended to measure aspects of attention or academic work involving attention or executive function while exposed to white, pink, and brown noise and compared with a low/no noise condition. Two authors independently reviewed and screened studies for eligibility. A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted with preplanned moderator analyses of age, diagnostic status, and task type. Publication bias was evaluated. The GRADE tool was used to assess certainty of the evidence. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to evaluate robustness. RESULTS Studies of children and college-age young adults with ADHD or ADHD symptoms (k = 13, N = 335) yielded a small but statistically significant benefit of white and pink noise on task performance (g = 0.249, 95% CI [0.135, 0.363], p < .0001). No studies of brown noise were identified. Heterogeneity was minimal, and moderators were nonsignificant; results survived sensitivity tests, and no publication bias was identified. In non-ADHD comparison groups (k = 11, N = 335), white and pink noise had a negative effect (g = -0.212, 95% CI [-0.355, -0.069], p = .0036). CONCLUSION White and pink noise provide a small benefit on laboratory attention tasks for individuals with ADHD or high ADHD symptoms, but not for non-ADHD individuals. This article addresses theoretical implications, cautions, risks, and limitations. PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY Public interest in the potential benefits of white, pink, and brown noise exposure for enhancing task performance for individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has increased substantially. This systematic review and meta-analysis included 13 studies with 335 participants and found that white/pink noise improved cognitive performance for children and young adults with ADHD or significant ADHD symptoms. In contrast, white/pink noise impaired cognitive performance for individuals without ADHD. Positive effects of noise were small, but these results point to a possible low-cost, low-risk intervention that may benefit youth with ADHD. Additional studies are needed to confirm effects and identify safe and appropriate decibel levels. The potential detrimental effects for individuals without ADHD also requires further study. STUDY PREREGISTRATION INFORMATION White Noise for ADHD: A Systematic Review And Meta-analysis; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero; CRD42023393992.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joel T Nigg
- Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.
| | - Alisha Bruton
- Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Egeland J, Lund O, Kowalik-Gran I, Aarlien AK, Söderlund GBW. Effects of auditory white noise stimulation on sustained attention and response time variability. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1301771. [PMID: 38144987 PMCID: PMC10748431 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1301771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction "The moderate brain arousal model" claims that white noise improves attention by optimizing brain arousal. We analyze Conners' Continuous Performance Test-3 (CCPT-3) performance, expecting to find reduced reaction time variability with noise mediated by decrease under long event-rates and in later parts of the test, indicating that noise reverse fall in phasic and tonic arousal. Methods Sixty-five children with high or lower ADHD-symptoms from a child psychiatric unit, succeeded to complete the CCPT-3 with and without white noise. Results Noise reduced overall variability, improved performance in later parts of the test, and reduced response variability under the longest event rate particularly in the high symptoms group. No overall change in omissions and commissions, but the high symptoms group made fewer omissions during noise compared the low symptom group. Discussion The study indicates an arousal effect of noise but should be replicated with other noise variants and amplitudes to improve effect and compliance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Egeland
- Divison of Mental Health & Addiction, Vestold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Olaf Lund
- Divison of Mental Health & Addiction, Vestold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
| | - Iwona Kowalik-Gran
- Divison of Mental Health & Addiction, Vestold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
| | | | - Göran B. W. Söderlund
- Faculty of Teacher Education Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
- Department of Education and Special Education, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jostrup E, Nyström M, Claesdotter-Knutsson E, Tallberg P, Gustafsson P, Paulander O, Söderlund G. Effects of stochastic vestibular stimulation on cognitive performance in children with ADHD. Exp Brain Res 2023; 241:2693-2703. [PMID: 37812230 PMCID: PMC10635964 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-023-06713-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Previous work has shown that exposure to auditory white noise (WN) can improve cognitive performance in children with ADHD, but it is unknown whether this improvement generalizes to other sensory modalities. To address this knowledge gap, we tested the effect of Stochastic Vestibular Stimulation (SVS) on cognitive performance and reaction time (RT) variability in two groups: children with ADHD and typically developing children (TDC). Children with ADHD (N=42) and TDC (N=28) performed three cognitive tasks (Spanboard, Word Recall and N-back tasks) at two different occasions, with and without exposure to SVS, in a double blinded design. The results showed no main effects of SVS on neither performance nor RT variability for children in any of the groups, and no interactions between SVS and group. Based on these results we conclude that, using our stimulation protocol, the positive effects of WN exposure on cognition in children with ADHD do not generalize to Stochastic Vestibular Stimulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erica Jostrup
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Marcus Nyström
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Lund University Humanities Lab, Lund, Sweden
| | - Emma Claesdotter-Knutsson
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Outpatient Department, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Clinic, Region Skåne, Lund, Sweden
| | - Pia Tallberg
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Outpatient Department, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Clinic, Region Skåne, Lund, Sweden
| | - Peik Gustafsson
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Göran Söderlund
- Faculty of Teacher Education Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
- Department of Education and Special Education, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
孙 钰, 祝 慧, 刘 潘, 林 欢, 肖 正, 俞 欣, 钱 君, 池 霞, 洪 琴. [Application of Preschool Auditory Processing Assessment Scale in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2023; 25:824-830. [PMID: 37668030 PMCID: PMC10484074 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2302042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the characteristics of auditory processing (AP) in preschool children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) using Preschool Auditory Processing Assessment Scale (hereafter referred to as "auditory processing scale"). METHODS A total of 41 children with ADHD and 41 typically developing (TD) children were assessed using the auditory processing scale, SNAP-IV rating scale, and Conners' Kiddie Continuous Performance Test (K-CPT). The auditory processing scale score was compared between the TD and ADHD groups. The correlations of the score with SNAP-IV and K-CPT scores were assessed. RESULTS Compared with the TD group, the ADHD group had significantly higher total score of the auditory processing scale and scores of all dimensions except visual attention (P<0.05). In the children with ADHD, the attention deficit dimension score of the SNAP-IV rating scale was positively correlated with the total score of the auditory processing scale (rs30=0.531, P<0.05; rs27=0.627, P<0.05) as well as the scores of its subdimensions, including auditory decoding (rs=0.628, P<0.05), auditory attention (rs=0.492, P<0.05), and communication (rs=0.399, P<0.05). The hyperactivity-impulsivity dimension score of the SNAP-IV rating scale was positively correlated with the hyperactivity-impulsivity dimension score of the auditory processing scale (rs=0.429, P<0.05). In the children with ADHD, the attention deficit dimension score of the K-CPT was positively correlated with the total score (rs30=0.574, P<0.05; rs27=0.485, P<0.05) and the hyperactivity-impulsivity dimension score (rs=0.602, P<0.05) of the auditory processing scale. CONCLUSIONS Preschool children with ADHD have the risk of AP abnormalities, and the auditory processing scale should be used early for the screening and evaluation of AP abnormalities in children.
Collapse
|
8
|
Awada M, Becerik-Gerber B, Lucas G, Roll S. Cognitive performance, creativity and stress levels of neurotypical young adults under different white noise levels. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14566. [PMID: 36028546 PMCID: PMC9418159 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18862-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Noise is often considered a distractor; however recent studies suggest that sub-attentive individuals or individuals diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder can benefit from white noise to enhance their cognitive performance. Research regarding the effect of white noise on neurotypical adults presents mixed results, thus the implications of white noise on the neurotypical population remain unclear. Thus, this study investigates the effect of 2 white noise conditions, white noise level at 45 dB and white noise level at 65 dB, on the cognitive performance, creativity, and stress levels of neurotypical young adults in a private office space. These conditions are compared to a baseline condition where participants are exposed to the office ambient noise. Our findings showed that the white noise level at 45 dB resulted in better cognitive performance in terms of sustained attention, accuracy, and speed of performance as well as enhanced creativity and lower stress levels. On the other hand, the 65 dB white noise condition led to improved working memory but higher stress levels, which leads to the conclusion that different tasks might require different noise levels for optimal performance. These results lay the foundation for the integration of white noise into office workspaces as a tool to enhance office workers’ performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Awada
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Burcin Becerik-Gerber
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
| | - Gale Lucas
- USC Institute for Creative Technologies, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Shawn Roll
- Chan Division of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Pascoe AJ, Haque ZZ, Samandra R, Fehring DJ, Mansouri FA. Dissociable effects of music and white noise on conflict-induced behavioral adjustments. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:858576. [PMID: 36061589 PMCID: PMC9429995 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.858576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Auditory stimuli, encompassing a continually expanding collection of musical genres and sonic hues, present a safe and easily administrable therapeutic option for alleviating cognitive deficits associated with neuropsychological disorders, but their effects on executive control are yet to be completely understood. To better understand how the processing of certain acoustic properties can influence conflict processing, we had a large of cohort of undergraduate students complete the Stroop colour and word test in three different background conditions: classical music, white noise, and silence. Because of pandemic guidelines and the necessity to run the experiment remotely, participants also completed the Wisconsin card sorting test (WCST), so that the reliability and consistency of acquired data could be assessed. We found that white noise, but not classical music increased the response time difference between congruent (low conflict) and incongruent (high conflict) trials (conflict cost), hence impairing performance. Results from the WCST indicated that home-based data collection was reliable, replicating a performance bias reported in our previous laboratory-based experiments. Both the auditory stimuli were played at a similar intensity, thus their dissociable effects may have resulted from differing emotional responses within participants, where white noise, but not music elicited a negative response. Integrated with previous literature, our findings indicate that outside of changes in tempo and valence, classical music does not affect cognitive functions associated with conflict processing, whilst white noise impairs these functions in a manner similar to other stressors, and hence requires further research before its implementation into neuropsychiatric care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J. Pascoe
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Zakia Z. Haque
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Ranshikha Samandra
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Daniel J. Fehring
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Integrative Brain Function, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Farshad A. Mansouri
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Integrative Brain Function, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Farshad A. Mansouri,
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
|
11
|
Söderlund GBW, Åsberg Johnels J, Rothén B, Torstensson-Hultberg E, Magnusson A, Fälth L. Sensory white noise improves reading skills and memory recall in children with reading disability. Brain Behav 2021; 11:e02114. [PMID: 34096202 PMCID: PMC8323032 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reading disability (RD) is characterized by slow and inaccurate word reading development, commonly reflecting underlying phonological problems. We have previously shown that exposure to white noise acutely improves cognitive performance in children with ADHD. The question addressed here is whether white noise exposure yields positive outcomes also for RD. There are theoretical reasons to expect such a possibility: a) RD and ADHD are two overlapping neurodevelopmental disorders and b) since prior research on white noise benefits has suggested that a central mechanism might be the phenomenon of stochastic resonance, then adding certain kinds of white noise might strengthen the signal-to-noise ratio during phonological processing and phoneme-grapheme mapping. METHODS The study was conducted with a group of 30 children with RD and phonological decoding difficulties and two comparison groups: one consisting of skilled readers (n = 22) and another of children with mild orthographic reading problems and age adequate phonological decoding (n = 30). White noise was presented experimentally in visual and auditory modalities, while the children performed tests of single word reading, orthographic word recognition, nonword reading, and memory recall. RESULTS For the first time, we show that visual and auditory white noise exposure improves some reading and memory capacities "on the fly" in children with RD and phonological decoding difficulties. By contrast, the comparison groups displayed either no benefit or a gradual decrease in performance with increasing noise. In interviews, we also found that the white noise exposure was tolerable or even preferred by many children. CONCLUSION These novel findings suggest that poor readers with phonological decoding difficulties may be immediately helped by white noise during reading. Future research is needed to determine the robustness, mechanisms, and long-term practical implications of the white noise benefits in children with reading disabilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Göran B W Söderlund
- Faculty of Teacher Education Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway.,Department of Education and Special Education, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jakob Åsberg Johnels
- Speech and Language Pathology Unit & the Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Silvia Children's Hospital, University of Gothenburg & The Child Neuropsychiatric Clinic, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bodil Rothén
- Department of Pedagogy and Learning, Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden
| | | | - Andreas Magnusson
- Complex Adaptive Systems, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Linda Fälth
- Department of Pedagogy and Learning, Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
Forster and Lavie (Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 40[1], 251-260, 2014; Psychological Science, 27[2], 203-212, 2016) found that task-irrelevant distraction correlated positively with a measure of mind-wandering and a report of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptomology. Based primarily on these results, Forster and Lavie claimed to establish an attention-distractibility trait. Here, I tested whether these associations could be distinguished from associations with working memory capacity and task-relevant distraction (measured with an antisaccade task). With data collected from 226 subjects (ns differ among analyses), the results from the current study suggest that the measures of task-irrelevant distraction and working memory capacity were not (or only very weakly) associated with measures of mind wandering (measured both with a stand-alone questionnaire and in-task thought probes) and ADHD symptomology. Task-relevant interference (i.e., antisaccade accuracy) was associated with mind-wandering reports from in-task thought probes (presented in a separate task), but not the stand-alone mind wandering questionnaire or ADHD symptomology. Additionally, the measure of irrelevant-distraction exhibited low internal consistency suggesting that (as measured) it may not be a suitable individual difference measure. [Preregistration, data, analysis scripts and output are available via the Open Science Framework: https://osf.io/bhs24/ ].
Collapse
|
13
|
Freedberg M, Reeves JA, Hussain SJ, Zaghloul KA, Wassermann EM. Identifying site- and stimulation-specific TMS-evoked EEG potentials using a quantitative cosine similarity metric. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0216185. [PMID: 31929531 PMCID: PMC6957143 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to interpret transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)-evoked electroencephalography (EEG) potentials (TEPs) is limited by artifacts, such as auditory evoked responses produced by discharge of the TMS coil. TEPs generated from direct cortical stimulation should vary in their topographical activity pattern according to stimulation site and differ from responses to sham stimulation. Responses that do not show these effects are likely to be artifactual. In 20 healthy volunteers, we delivered active and sham TMS to the right prefrontal, left primary motor, and left posterior parietal cortex and compared the waveform similarity of TEPs between stimulation sites and active and sham TMS using a cosine similarity-based analysis method. We identified epochs after the stimulus when the spatial pattern of TMS-evoked activation showed greater than random similarity between stimulation sites and sham vs. active TMS, indicating the presence of a dominant artifact. To do this, we binarized the derivatives of the TEPs recorded from 30 EEG channels and calculated cosine similarity between conditions at each time point with millisecond resolution. Only TEP components occurring before approximately 80 ms differed across stimulation sites and between active and sham, indicating site and condition-specific responses. We therefore conclude that, in the absence of noise masking or other measures to decrease neural artifact, TEP components before about 80 ms can be safely interpreted as stimulation location-specific responses to TMS, but components beyond this latency should be interpreted with caution due to high similarity in their topographical activity pattern.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Freedberg
- Behavioral Neurology Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Jack A. Reeves
- Behavioral Neurology Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Sara J. Hussain
- Human Cortical Physiology and Neurorehabilitation Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Kareem A. Zaghloul
- Functional and Restorative Neurosurgery Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Eric M. Wassermann
- Behavioral Neurology Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Othman E, Yusoff AN, Mohamad M, Abdul Manan H, Giampietro V, Abd Hamid AI, Dzulkifli MA, Osman SS, Wan Burhanuddin WID. Low intensity white noise improves performance in auditory working memory task: An fMRI study. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02444. [PMID: 31687551 PMCID: PMC6819787 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Research suggests that white noise may facilitate auditory working memory performance via stochastic resonance. Stochastic resonance is quantified by plotting cognitive performance as a function of noise intensity. The plot would appear as an inverted U-curve, that is, a moderate noise is beneficial for performance whereas too low and too much noise attenuates performance. However, knowledge about the optimal signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) needed for stochastic resonance to occur in the brain, particularly in the neural network of auditory working memory, is limited and demand further investigation. In the present study, we extended previous works on the impact of white noise on auditory working memory performance by including multiple background noise levels to map out the inverted U-curve for the stochastic resonance. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), twenty healthy young adults performed a word-based backward recall span task under four signal-to-noise ratio conditions: 15, 10, 5, and 0-dB SNR. Group results show significant behavioral improvement and increased activation in frontal cortices, primary auditory cortices, and anterior cingulate cortex in all noise conditions, except at 0-dB SNR, which decreases activation and performance. When plotted as a function of signal-to-noise ratio, behavioral and fMRI data exhibited a noise-benefit inverted U-shaped curve. Additionally, a significant positive correlation was found between the activity of the right superior frontal gyrus (SFG) and performance in 5-dB SNR. The predicted phenomenon of SR on auditory working memory performance is confirmed. Findings from this study suggest that the optimal signal-to-noise ratio to enhance auditory working memory performance is within 10 to 5-dB SNR and that the right SFG may be a strategic structure involved in enhancement of auditory working memory performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elza Othman
- Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, 21300, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
- Center for Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Nazlim Yusoff
- Center for Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mazlyfarina Mohamad
- Center for Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hanani Abdul Manan
- Department of Radiology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Vincent Giampietro
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Aini Ismafairus Abd Hamid
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Mariam Adawiah Dzulkifli
- Department of Psychology, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Gombak, 53100, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Syazarina Sharis Osman
- Department of Radiology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Blomberg R, Danielsson H, Rudner M, Söderlund GBW, Rönnberg J. Speech Processing Difficulties in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1536. [PMID: 31333549 PMCID: PMC6624822 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The large body of research that forms the ease of language understanding (ELU) model emphasizes the important contribution of cognitive processes when listening to speech in adverse conditions; however, speech-in-noise (SIN) processing is yet to be thoroughly tested in populations with cognitive deficits. The purpose of the current study was to contribute to the field in this regard by assessing SIN performance in a sample of adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and comparing results with age-matched controls. This population was chosen because core symptoms of ADHD include developmental deficits in cognitive control and working memory capacity and because these top-down processes are thought to reach maturity during adolescence in individuals with typical development. The study utilized natural language sentence materials under experimental conditions that manipulated the dependency on cognitive mechanisms in varying degrees. In addition, participants were tested on cognitive capacity measures of complex working memory-span, selective attention, and lexical access. Primary findings were in support of the ELU-model. Age was shown to significantly covary with SIN performance, and after controlling for age, ADHD participants demonstrated greater difficulty than controls with the experimental manipulations. In addition, overall SIN performance was strongly predicted by individual differences in cognitive capacity. Taken together, the results highlight the general disadvantage persons with deficient cognitive capacity have when attending to speech in typically noisy listening environments. Furthermore, the consistently poorer performance observed in the ADHD group suggests that auditory processing tasks designed to tax attention and working memory capacity may prove to be beneficial clinical instruments when diagnosing ADHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rina Blomberg
- Disability Research Division, Institute for Behavioral Science and Learning, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Henrik Danielsson
- Disability Research Division, Institute for Behavioral Science and Learning, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Mary Rudner
- Disability Research Division, Institute for Behavioral Science and Learning, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Göran B W Söderlund
- Faculty of Teacher Education Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Jerker Rönnberg
- Disability Research Division, Institute for Behavioral Science and Learning, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Eckernäs D, Hieronymus F, Carlsson T, Bergquist F. Acoustic white noise ameliorates reduced regional brain expression of CaMKII and ΔFosB in the spontaneously hypertensive rat model of ADHD. IBRO Rep 2019; 6:31-39. [PMID: 30656238 PMCID: PMC6302041 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibror.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
ΔFosB was reduced in the DL-PFC, DLS and nAc in SH rats. Acoustic noise normalized ΔFosB expression in the DL-PFC and nAc of SH rats. CaMKII expression was reduced in the TMN in SH rats. Acoustic noise increased CaMKII expression in the TMN in both strains.
Loud (≥70dBA) acoustic white noise improves cognitive performance in children with ADHD as well as skilled reach and rotarod performance in the spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rat model of ADHD. To investigate how acoustic noise influences the brain activity in the SH rat model of ADHD, immunohistochemical staining of two neuronal activity and plasticity markers, Ca2+/Calmodulin dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and ΔFosB, was evaluated in Wistar (n = 24) and SH (n = 16) rats after repeated exposure to acoustic noise or ambient silence. Other SH rats (n = 6) were treated with repeated methylphenidate (MPH). Expression of CaMKII was reduced in the tuberomammillary nucleus (TMN) of the SH rat compared to Wistar but not in the nucleus accumbens (nAc) or the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DL-PFC). In the TMN, the expression of CaMKII was increased by noise in both strains. ΔFosB expression was reduced in nAc, DL-PFC and the dorsolateral striatum (DLS) of the SH rat compared to Wistar. Exposure to acoustic white noise significantly increased ΔFosB expression in the nAc and DL-PFC but not in the DLS of SH rats. The results indicate that acoustic noise shifts a reduced neuronal activity in the nAc, TMN and DL-PFC in SH rats toward the normal levels of activity in outbred rats. This may explain why noise has benefit selectively in ADHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Eckernäs
- Corresponding author at: University of Gothenburg, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Pharmacology, Box 431, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wu M, Bao WX, Zhang J, Hu YF, Gao J, Luo BY. Effect of acoustic stimuli in patients with disorders of consciousness: a quantitative electroencephalography study. Neural Regen Res 2018; 13:1900-1906. [PMID: 30233062 PMCID: PMC6183039 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.238622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Auditory stimuli are proposed as beneficial neurorehabilitation methods in patients with disorders of consciousness. However, precise and accurate quantitative indices to estimate their potential effect remain scarce. Fourteen patients were recruited from the Neuro-Rehabilitation Unit of Hangzhou Hospital of Zhejiang Armed Police Corps of China. Altogether, there were seven cases of unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (five males and two females, aged 45.7 ± 16.8 years) and seven cases of minimally conscious state (six males and one female, aged 42.3 ± 20.8 years). Simultaneously, fourteen healthy controls (10 males and 4 females, aged 51.7 ± 9.7 years) also participated in this case-control experiment. Brain response to music, subjects’ own name, and noise was monitored by quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG) in the resting state and with acoustic stimulation. Predictive QEEG values in various brain regions were investigated. Our results show that cerebral activation was high in subjects stimulated by their own name, especially in the temporal lobe in patients with disorders of consciousness, and the frontal lobe in the control group. Further, during resting and stimulation, QEEG index (δ + θ/α + β ratio) negatively correlated with the Coma Recovery Scale-Revised score in traumatic disorders of consciousness patients. Hence, we speculate that a subject's own name might be an effective awakening therapy for patients with disorders of consciousness. Moreover, QEEG index in specific stimulation states may be used as a prognostic indicator for disorders of consciousness patients (sensitivity, 75%; specificity, 50%). This clinical study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier: NCT03385291).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Wu
- Department of Neurology & Brain Medical Centre, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wang-Xiao Bao
- Department of Neurology & Brain Medical Centre, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Neurology & Brain Medical Centre, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yang-Fan Hu
- Department of Computer Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jian Gao
- Department of Rehabilitation, Hangzhou Hospital of Zhejiang Armed Police Corps, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ben-Yan Luo
- Department of Neurology & Brain Medical Centre, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| |
Collapse
|