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Yasar HJ, Pirani Z, Ali ZE. A parental burnout modelling based on perfectionism mediated through self-compassion in parents of students suffering from specific learning behavioral disorder. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2024; 246:104227. [PMID: 38626600 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The association between parental burnout and perfectionism, and whether and to what extent it is mediated by self-compassion, in case of mothers of children with Specific Learning Disorder (SLD) were rarely investigated in the related literature. To fill the gap felt, the present study aimed at providing a model for self-compassion, parental burnout, and perfectionism. The participants were 305 mothers of children with SLD, from Hamedan province, Iran, who had been referred to the relevant treatment centers between 2020 and 2021. Selected through convenience sampling, they took part in the study by completing three questionnaires, i.e., Parental Burnout Assessment (Roskam et al., 2018), Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (Hewitt & Flett, 1991), and Self-Compassion Scale (Neff, 2003). To fit the model, structural equation modelling was conducted in Amos v24 software. It was found that self-compassion mediates the negative relationship between parental burnout and perfectionism. It can be concluded that women during motherhood become emotionally vulnerable and are susceptible to face psychological challenges and such challenges can be exacerbated in the case of mothers of children with SLD or other learning disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zabihullah Pirani
- Department of Educational Sciences & Psychology, Azad University of Arak, Arak, Iran.
| | - Zeinab Ein Ali
- Department of Educational Sciences & Psychology, Azad University of Arak, Arak, Iran
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Ren X, Cai Y, Wang J, Chen O. A systematic review of parental burnout and related factors among parents. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:376. [PMID: 38317118 PMCID: PMC10840230 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17829-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parenting is both a complex and stressful endeavor, so parents sometimes experience parenting burnout. The main objective of this study was to provide an overview of factors related to general parental burnout (PB) among parents with at least one child based on the Ecological Systems Theory (EST). METHODS PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO, CNKI and WanFang were systematically searched for studies published from 2010 to July 2023 for peer-reviewed articles using keywords extracted from Medical Subject Headings such as "parenting", "parental", "burnout", "psychological burnout", "burn-out syndrome". Studies were included if they described associations between factors and PB among parents of children aged 0-18 years old in the general population, and published in an English or Chinese language peer-reviewed journal. The Quality Assessment Tool for Studies with Diverse Designs (QATSDD) was employed to assess the risk of bias of included studies. RESULTS Of 2037 articles, 26 articles met the inclusion criteria. Based on the Ecological Systems Theory (EST), we found that microsystem-individual factors such as gender, educational level, income, parental personality, internalization of maternal parental motivation, unmitigated communion, self-compassion and concern for others, alexithymia, anxiety and depressive symptoms, parental perfectionism, resilience, low self-esteem and high need for control, mother's attachment style were identified as being associated with parenting burnout. Mesosystem-interpersonal factors involve parent-child relationship and marital satisfaction. The exosystem-organizational or community factors include the number of children in the household, neighborhood and the number of hours spent with children, child's illness, child's behavior problems and social support. The macrosystem-society/policy or culture factors are mainly personal values and cultural values. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review found several factors that have been investigated in relation to PB. However, the majority of the factors were reported by one or two studies often implementing a cross-sectional design. Nevertheless, we still recommend that health policymakers and administrators relieve parenting burnout among parents with children by adjusting these modifiable factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohe Ren
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yingying Cai
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ou Chen
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
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Matsunaga M, Okajima J, Furutani K, Kusakabe N, Nakamura-Taira N. Associations of rumination, behavioral activation, and perceived reward with mothers' postpartum depression during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1295988. [PMID: 38317767 PMCID: PMC10838984 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1295988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has led to increased social isolation for mothers, and rumination exacerbates postpartum depression in mothers with poor social support. Although behavioral activation can help to decrease their depressive symptoms, the mechanism by which behavioral activation reduces postpartum depression remains unclear. Methods We examined the effects of rumination and behavioral activation on depression in postpartum women by examining a model mediated by subjective reward perception. A questionnaire was administered to 475 postpartum women (Age: Mean = 30.74 years, SD = 5.02) within 1 year of childbirth using an Internet survey. The measurements included perinatal depression, rumination, and behavioral activation, and we assessed environmental reward. To control for confounding variables, we assessed psychiatric history, social support, parenting perfectionism, and COVID-19 avoidance. Results Eighty-four (17.68%) mothers had possible postpartum depression. The covariance structure analysis showed that not only was there a direct positive path from rumination to postnatal depression but also a negative path via reward perception. Discussion This finding indicated that the COVID-19 pandemic could have increased depression in many of the mothers. Rumination not only directly relates to postpartum depression, but it could also indirectly relate to postpartum depression by decreasing exposure to positive reinforcers. In addition, having a history of psychiatric illness increases the effect of rumination on postpartum depression. These findings suggest that psychological interventions are needed to reduce rumination and increase contact with positive reinforcements to reduce postpartum depression, especially for high-risk groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miki Matsunaga
- Department of Psychology, Rikkyo University, Niiza, Japan
| | - Junko Okajima
- Department of Psychology, Rikkyo University, Niiza, Japan
| | | | - Noriko Kusakabe
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human Culture and Sciences, Fukuyama University, Fukuyama, Japan
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Wang Q, Lin Y, Teuber Z, Li F, Su Y. Parental Burnout and Prosocial Behavior among Chinese Adolescents: The Role of Empathy. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 14:17. [PMID: 38247669 PMCID: PMC10812745 DOI: 10.3390/bs14010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Parental burnout refers to exhaustion caused by the parenting role. This devastating negative emotion can have repercussions for adolescent social development. Nevertheless, much remains unclear about the association between parental burnout and adolescent prosocial behavior and the potential mechanisms underlying this relationship. Based on theoretical and empirical evidence, the current study examined the relationship between parental burnout and adolescent prosocial behavior by using a sequential mediation model that included both parental empathy and adolescent empathy as potential mediators. A total of 488 parent-adolescent dyads (for adolescents: 45.7% men, 54.3% women, Mage = 15.28 ± 1.67 years; for parents: 36.5% fathers, 63.5% mothers, Mage = 41.30 ± 3.79 years) completed questionnaires regarding demographics, social desirability, parental burnout, parental empathy, adolescent empathy, and adolescent prosocial behavior. After controlling for demographic covariates and social desirability, the results showed that parental burnout had a negative effect on adolescent-reported prosocial behavior through parental cognitive empathy and adolescent other-oriented empathy (adolescent cognitive empathy and empathic concern) sequentially. These findings contribute to our understanding of the role of parental burnout as a family environmental factor detrimental to the positive functioning of adolescents through parental reactions to their children's emotions and children's own social competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qichen Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Peking University, No. 5 Yiheyuan, Haidian, Beijing 100871, China; (Q.W.); (Y.L.); (F.L.)
| | - Yue Lin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Peking University, No. 5 Yiheyuan, Haidian, Beijing 100871, China; (Q.W.); (Y.L.); (F.L.)
| | - Ziwen Teuber
- Department of Psychology, Bielefeld University, Universitaetsstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Fangmin Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Peking University, No. 5 Yiheyuan, Haidian, Beijing 100871, China; (Q.W.); (Y.L.); (F.L.)
| | - Yanjie Su
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Peking University, No. 5 Yiheyuan, Haidian, Beijing 100871, China; (Q.W.); (Y.L.); (F.L.)
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Findling Y, Barnoy S, Itzhaki M. "God gave you a special child because you are special": difficulties, coping strategies, and parental burnout of Jewish mothers - a qualitative study. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1259670. [PMID: 38115975 PMCID: PMC10728655 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1259670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background "Parental Burnout" is a specific syndrome resulting from an imbalance between continuous exposure to chronic parenting stress and available protective resources. Mothers of children with special needs have an increased risk of Parental Burnout due to dealing with various difficulties from carrying out long-term childcare. Purpose To examine difficulties, coping strategies, and PB (risk factors and protective resources), among ultra-Orthodox and non-Orthodox Jewish mothers of children with special needs with high or low levels of Parental Burnout. Methods A qualitative study. Twelve mothers of children with special needs identified with high or low Parental Burnout via a quantitative study were interviewed. The constant-comparative analysis method was used to analyze the findings. Findings Three themes and twelve categories emerged: 1. Difficulties involved in motherhood with six categories: (a) caregiver burden, (b) task overload, (c) physical and mental self-neglect, (d) environmental, couple-hood, family and social neglect, (e) recognizing the gap between their child with special needs and other children of the same age, (f) the environment's contradictory expectations from the mother; 2. Coping strategies with four categories: (a) practical, (b) spiritual, (c) social and (d) emotional; and 3. Parental Burnout, consequences and coping with two categories: (a) personal and environmental risk factors (e.g., fear of the future, difficulty in trusting others in taking care of their child), and (b) personal and environmental protective resources (e.g., sharing similar circumstances with other mothers, a belief in God). Conclusions and implications The findings contribute to understanding the unique difficulties, coping strategies and differences in risk factors and protective resources of Parental Burnout among ultra-Orthodox and non-Orthodox Jewish mothers of children with special needs. In order to alleviate the difficulties experienced by mothers and thus also reduce Parental Burnout risk factors and provide effective protective resources, it is recommended to develop empirically based professional guidance for policymakers, child development specialists, nurses, physiotherapists, and informal caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michal Itzhaki
- Nursing Department, School of Health Professions, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Schittek A, Roskam I, Mikolajczak M. Does Parenting Perfectionism Ironically Increase Violent Behaviors from Parent towards Children? CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1704. [PMID: 37892367 PMCID: PMC10605908 DOI: 10.3390/children10101704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Past research has shown that perfectionistic strivings (PS) and perfectionistic concerns (PC) in the parenting domain are associated with an increase in parental burnout (PB), and that PB causally increases violence towards one's offspring. One may therefore wonder whether parenting perfectionism may ironically increase violence towards one's offspring. OBJECTIVE To the best of our knowledge, no study has ever investigated whether perfectionism (PS and PC) predicts violence towards one's offspring, or whether PB could explain this link. In the current pre-registered cross-lagged study, we hypothesized that an increase in PS and PC would lead to an increase in violence via an increase in PB. METHOD 228 participants responded to a longitudinal online survey, with three measurement occasions spaced 2 months apart. RESULTS Contrary to expectations, cross-lagged path models revealed that violence towards the offspring prospectively predicted an increase in PS and PC. Mediation models showed that PB was not a significant mediator. Results of all models did not change when controlling for social desirability. CONCLUSION The present study shows that violence towards the offspring increases the risk of PS and PC in parents. Results are discussed in light of the feeling of guilt experienced by parents. IMPLICATIONS Current worries that parenting perfectionism may paradoxically increase violence appear to be unwarranted at this stage. Moreover, correlation is not causation; thus, emphasizing caution before coming to clinically and societally relevant conclusions in cross-sectional studies. Thus, the PB and child maltreatment literature should slowly shift to using more longitudinal and causal designs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Moira Mikolajczak
- Department of Psychology, UCLouvain, Place Cardinal Mercier 10, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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Urbanowicz AM, Shankland R, Rance J, Bennett P, Leys C, Gauchet A. Cognitive behavioral stress management for parents: Prevention and reduction of parental burnout. Int J Clin Health Psychol 2023; 23:100365. [PMID: 36908695 PMCID: PMC9999161 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2023.100365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Context Parental burnout increases the risk of deleterious consequences on parents', couples', and children's physical and mental health. Methods The current study (N = 134) aimed to assess the effectiveness of a Cognitive Behavioural Stress Management (CBSM) group programme in terms of parental burnout reduction. In total 67 parents attended the 8-week CBSM intervention groups, and another 67 parents were assigned to the waiting-list control group. We compared the effectiveness of the CBSM intervention with a waiting-list control group directly after the end of the programme and at three-months follow-up. Results The results showed that compared to the control group the CBSM programme contributed to the reduction of parental burnout symptoms with statistically significant and small effect size. Moreover, the contrast analyses showed that the reduction in parental burnout severity was maintained at 3 month-follow-up. The reduction in parental burnout scores was mediated by the decrease in stress and the increase in unconditional self-kindness. Conclusions These results highlight the potential benefits of the CBSM programme for parental burnout prevention and reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Maria Urbanowicz
- Grenoble-Alpes University, 621 Avenue Centrale, 38400 Saint-Martin-d'Hères, France
- Swansea University, Singleton Park, Sketty, Swansea SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jaynie Rance
- Swansea University, Singleton Park, Sketty, Swansea SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Bennett
- Swansea University, Singleton Park, Sketty, Swansea SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - Christophe Leys
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus du Solbosch, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 501050 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Aurélie Gauchet
- Savoie Mont Blanc University, 27 rue Marcoz, 73011 Chambéry, France
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Brianda ME, Mikolajczak M, Bader M, Bon S, Déprez A, Favez N, Holstein L, Le Vigouroux S, Lebert-Charron A, Sánchez-Rodríguez R, Séjourné N, Wendland J, Roskam I. Optimizing the Assessment of Parental Burnout: A Multi-informant and Multimethod Approach to Determine Cutoffs for the Parental Burnout Inventory and the Parental Burnout Assessment. Assessment 2023; 30:2234-2246. [PMID: 36609160 DOI: 10.1177/10731911221141873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Parental burnout (PB) is a chronic stress-related condition resulting from long-lasting exposure to overwhelming parenting stress. Previous studies showing the seriousness of this condition stressed the urgent need to provide researchers and practitioners with effective assessment tools. Validated PB measures are the Parental Burnout Inventory (PBI) and the Parental Burnout Assessment (PBA). The good psychometric properties of these instruments have been replicated across different samples and countries, but thresholds for identifying impairing PB levels (i.e., cutoff scores) have not yet been established. The present study aims to fill this gap by adopting a multi-informant and multimethod approach to a sample of 192 burned-out and control parents. PBI and PBA cutoffs were derived from the combination of several PB indicators, based on a preregistered analysis strategy. Results identified a score of 74.6 (95% confidence interval (CI) = [69.48-79.68]) for the PBI and 86.3 (95% CI = [79.49-93.03]) for the PBA as indicators of the most severe PB levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elena Brianda
- Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- University of Liège, Belgium
| | | | | | - Sandra Bon
- Swiss Association for Cognitive Psychotherapy, Geneva, Switzerland
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Piotrowski K, Bojanowska A, Szczygieł D, Mikolajczak M, Roskam I. Parental burnout at different stages of parenthood: Links with temperament, Big Five traits, and parental identity. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1087977. [PMID: 37063574 PMCID: PMC10102599 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1087977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to analyze the links between traits from different levels of personality organization and parental burnout. To answer the research questions, a cross-sectional study was conducted with 1,471 parents aged 19 to 45 years (mean age 35.30, SD = 5.98). The results showed that the severity of parental burnout was linked to traits ranging from biologically determined temperament traits to basic personality traits to a sense of parental identity. More specifically, we found higher burnout among parents who have difficulty shifting between tasks and coping with strong stimulation, low emotional stability and conscientiousness, and low identification with the parental role. We also found that certain personality traits were more strongly associated with parental burnout among those who had children in early childhood or preschool period (under the age of seven) than those in later stages of parenthood. The study contributes knowledge about the personality correlates of parental burnout and the role of personality at different stages of parenthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Piotrowski
- Center for Research on Personality Development, SWPS University, Poznań, Poland
- *Correspondence: Konrad Piotrowski,
| | | | | | - Moïra Mikolajczak
- Psychological Sciences Research Institute, University of Louvain (UCLouvain), Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Roskam
- Psychological Sciences Research Institute, University of Louvain (UCLouvain), Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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Sabzi N, Khosravi Z, Kalantar-Hormozi B. Parental burnout and depression among Iranian mothers: The mediating role of Maladaptive Coping modes. Brain Behav 2023; 13:e2900. [PMID: 36847739 PMCID: PMC10097133 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Depression in mothers impacts children negatively. Understanding the antecedents and the underlying mechanisms of depression is essential in helping clinicians target depressive symptoms effectively. This study investigated the relationship between parental burnout and depression in mothers and examined the mediation role of Maladaptive Coping modes. METHOD A total of 224 mothers participated in this study and completed the Parental Burnout Assessment scale, Patient Health Questionnaire, and items related to coping modes in Schema Mode Inventory. RESULTS Data analysis with structural equation modeling revealed that depression and parental burnout were positively and significantly related. Bootstrap analysis showed that all coping modes except the Self-Aggrandizer mode act as mediators between parental burnout and depression in mothers. Detached Protector mode had the strongest indirect effect on depression. CONCLUSION The results suggest Maladaptive Coping modes mediate the association between parental burnout and depression. The present finding provides evidence that Maladaptive Coping modes can be considered probable mediational mechanisms that relate depression to parental burnout in mothers and may serve as potential interventional targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Sabzi
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Khosravi
- Faculty of Psychology and Education, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bessat Kalantar-Hormozi
- Department of clinical psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
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Zbrodska I, Roskam I, Dolynska L, Mikolajczak M. Validation of the Ukrainian version of the Parental Burnout Assessment. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1059937. [PMID: 36544459 PMCID: PMC9760865 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1059937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to develop a Ukrainian version of the Parental Burnout Assessment (PBA) and examine its psychometric properties among Ukrainian parents. We examined the factorial structure of the Ukrainian version of the PBA (PBA-UA) and its relation with other variables, both antecedents and consequences of PB, in a sample of 1896 parents including 1735 (91,5%) mothers and 161 (8,5%) fathers. The original four-factor model (exhaustion from parental role, emotional distancing from one's child, feelings of being fed up with parenting and contrast with previous parental self) and second-order model with a global parental burnout as a second-order factor fit the data well. The results of both subscale and global scores were reliable. The PBA-UA showed a positive association with perfectionism and general stress and a negative association with resilience. The low association with socio-demographic factors (i.e., marital status, number of children, number of children living in the household, work status) was replicated in accordance with previous studies of parental burnout, nevertheless mothers had higher level of parental burnout than fathers. PBA-UA also predicted both parental neglect and parental violence, even beyond general stress. The good psychometric properties of the PBA-UA suggests that this questionnaire can be used to assess parental burnout among Ukrainian parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iryna Zbrodska
- Department of Psychology, National Pedagogical Dragomanov University, Kyiv, Ukraine,*Correspondence: Iryna Zbrodska,
| | - Isabelle Roskam
- Psychological Sciences Research Institute, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Lubov Dolynska
- Department of Psychology, National Pedagogical Dragomanov University, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Moïra Mikolajczak
- Psychological Sciences Research Institute, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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Skjerdingstad N, Johnson MS, Johnson SU, Hoffart A, Ebrahimi OV. Parental burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic. FAMILY PROCESS 2022; 61:1715-1729. [PMID: 34908167 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Increased and long-term parental stress related to one's parental role can lead to parental burnout. In the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, families experienced intensified pressure due to the government-initiated contact restrictions applied to prevent the spread of the virus in the population. This study investigates the risk factors and predictors of parental burnout in a large sample of parents (N = 1488) during the COVID-19 pandemic in Norway. Demographic and psychosocial factors were assessed at two timepoints: at the beginning of the pandemic outbreak in March 2020 (T1) and at 3 months follow-up (T2). A hierarchical regression analysis was applied to identify the factors that contribute to parental burnout at T2. Parental burnout was additionally explored across subgroups. Findings revealed that younger age was associated with more parental burnout. Concurrent (T2) use of unhelpful coping strategies, insomnia symptoms, parental stress, and less parental satisfaction was significantly associated with the presence of greater parental burnout (T2). Additionally, parental stress and satisfaction measured in the earliest phase of the pandemic (T1) were associated with parental burnout 3 months later (T2) over and above concurrent parental stress/satisfaction. Unemployed parents and individuals with a mental health condition were identified as subgroups with substantially heightened levels of parental burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sverre U Johnson
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Modum Bad Psychiatric Hospital, Vikersund, Norway
| | - Asle Hoffart
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Modum Bad Psychiatric Hospital, Vikersund, Norway
| | - Omid V Ebrahimi
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Modum Bad Psychiatric Hospital, Vikersund, Norway
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Liu Y, Chee JH, Wang Y. Parental burnout and resilience intervention among Chinese parents during the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1034520. [DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1034520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionParental burnout is a mental state that combines long-term stress and depression with an overwhelming feeling of parental pressure.MethodsIn Study 1, we conducted a web-based survey of 390 Chinese parents (75.1% mothers) with children aged 1–18 years old (Mean age = 9.05 years, SD = 5.098) to examine the parental burnout during the COVID-19 global pandemic and to identify associated factors during the national lockdown. In Study 2, eight weeks of resilience intervention was administered to 20 parents to compare parental resilience and parental burnout before and after the intervention.ResultsThe correlational study showed that greater parental burnout occurred in parents with the lower educational levels and in parents of school-age children. The risk factors of parental burnout included household burden and children’s interference with work; while protective factors included living materials, family atmosphere, and parent–child meeting frequency. The intervention study showed the effectiveness of meditation intervention in resilience and parental burnout, suggesting that meditation training can effectively increase parental resilience and reduce parental burnout.DiscussionThese findings demonstrate the risk and protective factors associated with parental burnout during the COVID-19 lockdown and highlight the positive role of meditation in mitigating parental burnout.
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Lin GX, Szczygieł D, Piotrowski K. Child-oriented perfectionism and parental burnout: The moderating role of parents' emotional intelligence. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2022.111805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Redaelli M, van Engen ML, André S. Perceived Covid-19-crisis intensity and family supportive organizational perceptions as antecedents of parental burnout: A study conducted in Italy in March/April 2021 and 2022. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1001076. [PMID: 36275293 PMCID: PMC9583950 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1001076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate to what extent perceived Covid-19-crisis intensity (PCCI) leads to the experience of parental burnout (PB), a syndrome characterized by exhaustion, emotional detachment from one's own children and a sense of inefficacy in the role as parent. Furthermore, the mediating role of work-family conflict (WFC) is examined. The buffering effect of family supportive organizational perceptions during the pandemic (FSOP-p) on the relationship between work-family conflict and parental burnout is also explored. Data were collected in March-April 2021 and March/April 2022. In spring 2021, 222 Italian working parents with at least one minor child living at home filled out the questionnaire. Data from 2021 showed that PCCI was positively related to the experience of parental burnout. Moreover, WFC mediated this relationship. No significant interaction effect was found for FSOP-p; however it was found that FSOP-p is negatively related to PCCI and WFC, and indirectly to parental burnout. In spring 2022, we examined whether there were changes in PCCI, WFC, and FSOP-p in a sample of 83 Italian parents. Moreover, for the second data collection we examine the tensions experienced by parents in their families about vaccination and infection precaution measures (e.g., Covid-19 vaccination passport). The results are different in 2022; the effect of PCCI on parental burnout is now completely mediated by the amount of WFC. It seems that now we go 'back to normal' and homeworking has become more optional for many, there is still an effect of PCCI on WFC, but no longer directly on parental burnout. Furthermore, the prevalence of PCCI in 2022 is lower than in 2021, while WFC and FSOP-p are not significantly different between the two timepoints. As family supportive organizational perceptions reduce the level of perceived Covid-19 intensity, organizations are urged to develop practices of support and to create a supportive environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Redaelli
- Department of Human Resource Studies, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands
| | - Marloes L. van Engen
- Department of Business Administration, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Radboud WORKLIFE consortium, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Stéfanie André
- Radboud WORKLIFE consortium, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Public Administration, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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16
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Giraldo CP, Santelices MP, Oyarce D, Chalco EF, Escobar MJ. Children’s age matters: Parental burnout in Chilean families during the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Psychol 2022; 13:946705. [PMID: 36211868 PMCID: PMC9536482 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.946705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
For families all over the world, going through a pandemic has presented a number of challenges. In particular, social distancing measures involving the closure of schools and day care centers, as well as increasing work hours at home, made parents face very demanding situations. However, we know little about whether parents’ burnout levels are influenced by the age of their children. This study sought to determine whether levels of parental burnout (PB) are higher in families with at least one child under the age of four than in families with older children (5 to 18 years). The second goal was to explore whether having children under 4 years of age moderates the relationship between parental cooperation and PB. A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 651 participants (525 mothers and 126 fathers) since May 18th until August 27th, 2020. The main results showed that child age is a predictor of PB. Besides, having a child aged 0–4 years old moderates the relationship between parental cooperation and PB. Finally, it was found that in cases where there was at least one child under 4 years of age in the family, with one of the partners who worked remotely, the respondent’s PB rose by 7.9 points. The implications of these results with respect to the consideration of children’s ages in the different parental scenarios were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Panesso Giraldo
- Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience (CSCN) School of Psychology, Adolfo Ibáñez University, Santiago, Chile
| | - María P. Santelices
- Escuela de Psicología, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela Oyarce
- Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Comunicaciones, Universidad de Santo Tomás, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - María J. Escobar
- Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience (CSCN) School of Psychology, Adolfo Ibáñez University, Santiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: María J. Escobar,
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17
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Ping Y, Wang W, Li Y, Li Y. Fathers’ parenting stress, parenting styles and children’s problem behavior: the mediating role of parental burnout. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03667-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Parental duties can be overwhelming, particularly when parents lack sufficient resources to cope with parenting demands, leading to parental burnout. Research has shown that parental burnout is positively related to neglect and abuse behaviors towards their children; however, few studies have examined parental burnout within the family system, including examining parenting styles as an antecedent, and most research has ignored the potential influence of fathers’ parental burnout. This study aimed to explore the influence of fathers’ parenting stress and parenting styles on internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors in a sample of junior high school students and the mediating effect of parental burnout. Questionnaire data from 236 students (56.4% girls) and their fathers (age: M = 39.24, SD = 5.13) were collected on 3 different time points. Fathers were asked to report their parenting stress and parenting styles at Time 1, and parental burnout at Time 2, and students were asked to report their internalizing and externalizing behaviors at Time 3. The results indicated that: (1) fathers’ parenting stress and negative parenting styles were positively related to parental burnout, and fathers’ positive parenting styles were negatively related to parental burnout; (2) fathers’ parental burnout was positively related to children’s internalizing and externalizing problem behavior; and (3) fathers’ parental burnout could mediate the relationship between parenting stress, negative parenting styles, and internalizing and externalizing problem behavior. These results suggested that fathers’ roles in the parenting process were not negligible, and more attention should be given to prevention and intervention methods for fathers’ parental burnout.
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18
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Manrique-Millones D, Vasin GM, Dominguez-Lara S, Millones-Rivalles R, Ricci RT, Abregu Rey M, Escobar MJ, Oyarce D, Pérez-Díaz P, Santelices MP, Pineda-Marín C, Tapia J, Artavia M, Valdés Pacheco M, Miranda MI, Sánchez Rodríguez R, Morgades-Bamba CI, Peña-Sarrionandia A, Salinas-Quiroz F, Silva Cabrera P, Mikolajczak M, Roskam I. Parental Burnout Assessment (PBA) in Different Hispanic Countries: An Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling Approach. Front Psychol 2022; 13:827014. [PMID: 35465477 PMCID: PMC9022033 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.827014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parental burnout is a unique and context-specific syndrome resulting from a chronic imbalance of risks over resources in the parenting domain. The current research aims to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Parental Burnout Assessment (PBA) across Spanish-speaking countries with two consecutive studies. In Study 1, we analyzed the data through a bifactor model within an Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM) on the pooled sample of participants (N = 1,979) obtaining good fit indices. We then attained measurement invariance across both gender and countries in a set of nested models with gradually increasing parameter constraints. Latent means comparisons across countries showed that among the participants' countries, Chile had the highest parental burnout score, likewise, comparisons across gender evidenced that mothers displayed higher scores than fathers, as shown in previous studies. Reliability coefficients were high. In Study 2 (N = 1,171), we tested the relations between parental burnout and three specific consequences, i.e., escape and suicidal ideations, parental neglect, and parental violence toward one's children. The medium to large associations found provided support for the PBA's predictive validity. Overall, we concluded that the Spanish version of the PBA has good psychometric properties. The results support its relevance for the assessment of parental burnout among Spanish-speaking parents, offering new opportunities for cross-cultural research in the parenting domain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Georgy M Vasin
- Centre for Multidisciplinary Research in Education, Russian Academy of Education, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergio Dominguez-Lara
- Escuela de Psicología, Instituto de Investigación de Psicología, Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Ricardo T Ricci
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Milagros Abregu Rey
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - María Josefina Escobar
- Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela Oyarce
- Carrera de Psicología, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Comunicación, Universidad Santo Tomás, Talca, Chile
| | - Pablo Pérez-Díaz
- Instituto de Psicología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - María Pía Santelices
- School of Psychology, Millenium Institute for Research in Depression and Personality, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Javier Tapia
- Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Mariana Artavia
- Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | | | - María Isabel Miranda
- Facultad de Psicología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Raquel Sánchez Rodríguez
- Céres Research Unit, TR3, Free Faculty of Arts and Humanities, Catholic Institute of Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Center for Studies and Research in Psychopathology and Health Psychology (CERPPS), Faculty of Psychology, University of Toulouse Jean Jaurès, Toulouse, France
| | - Clara Isabel Morgades-Bamba
- Departamento Metodología de Ciencias del Comportamiento, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ainize Peña-Sarrionandia
- Departamento "Psicología Clínica y de la Salud y Metodología de Investigación", Facultad de Psicología, University of the Basque Country, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Fernando Salinas-Quiroz
- "Abby & Anna" SOGIE Lab, Eliot-Pearson Department of Child Study and Human Development, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
| | - Paola Silva Cabrera
- Departamento de Psicología, Instituto de Psicología, Educación y Desarrollo Humano, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | - Isabelle Roskam
- Department of Psychology, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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19
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Sorkkila M, Aunola K. Resilience and Parental Burnout Among Finnish Parents During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Variable and Person-Oriented Approaches. FAMILY JOURNAL (ALEXANDRIA, VA.) 2022; 30:139-147. [PMID: 35399756 PMCID: PMC8980848 DOI: 10.1177/10664807211027307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis, different personality characteristics may have influenced parental well-being in different ways. In the present study, we combined variable and person-oriented approaches and examined relationships between resilience, parental burnout, and perfectionism during the lockdown. We first used structural equation modeling to assess the paths between variables. We then used latent profile analysis to examine different profiles of parents based on resilience, perfectionism, and symptoms of parental burnout. Finally, we examined how these profiles differ in terms of relevant background variables. The results showed that resilience predicted parental burnout negatively even after controlling for multidimensional perfectionism. Parents' age, children's age, children's special needs, and the increase in time spent with children due to lockdown contributed independently to burning out as a parent. Three profiles were found: a resilient profile, perfectionist profile, and burned-out profile. Resilient parents were likely to be men, older, and with less financial difficulties than parents in the other two profiles, and less likely to spend increased time with their children due to lockdown than the burned-out parents. Perfectionist parents, in turn, had older children than the burned-out parents did. These results suggest that resilience may help parents overcome burnout at times of crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilda Sorkkila
- Department of Psychology,
University
of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Kaisa Aunola
- Department of Psychology,
University
of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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20
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Evans TR, Roskam I, Stinglhamber F, Mikolajczak M. Burnout across boundaries: Can parental burnout directly or indirectly influence work outcomes? CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 42:1-11. [PMID: 35095247 PMCID: PMC8783659 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02687-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Burnout, while historically considered a work-related condition, can be associated with parenting where it can have direct impacts upon parental outcomes and one's personal resources such as mental health. However, little is known about the domain-incongruent effects of burnout and thus whether parental burnout can manifest within the workplace. The current study uses longitudinal data collected from 499 parents over three intervals across an 8-month period to explore two possible mechanisms. Firstly, a direct relationship is explored by considering whether parental burnout provides incremental validity above job burnout in the prediction of three work outcomes: job satisfaction, turnover intentions, and counterproductive work behaviors. Secondly, it is explored whether depression mediates the relationship between parental burnout and work outcomes. Findings suggest parental burnout may have limited impacts upon work outcomes, providing the impetus for a new direction of research to better understand whether or how burnout in one domain of life can influence the outcomes in other life domains. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12144-021-02687-3.
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21
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The Effect of Personality, Disability, and Family Functioning on Burnout among Mothers of Children with Autism: A Path Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031187. [PMID: 35162210 PMCID: PMC8835161 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This path analysis of mothers of children with autism aimed to investigate the relationship between maternal burnout and the mother’s subjective reporting of difficulty in childcare, family function, and personality traits. A total of 410 mothers of children with autism (mean age 39.03, SD 7.42) completed four questionnaires: Parental Burnout Measure (PBM-12), International Personality Item Pool—Big Five Markers (IPIP-BFM-20), Flexibility and Cohesion Evaluation Scales (FACES-IV), and a survey on childcare difficulties. Path analysis using two predetermined models was used to examine the interrelations. Both models fit the empirical data equally with a Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) index of 0.000 and a 90% confidence interval (model 1: 0.000–0.052; model 2: 0.000–0.059). Path analysis revealed similar fit indexes for both models: (a) burnout is a mediator between exogenous variables and family functioning, and (b) family functioning is an indirect mediator between exogenous variables and burnout. These findings suggest that increased maternal emotional instability (neuroticism) and conscientiousness can lead to increased family communication problems, which may further lead to a breakdown of the equilibrium in the family system, resulting in the mother’s dissatisfaction with family life and a consequent increased risk of maternal burnout.
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22
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Le Vigouroux S, Charbonnier E, Scola C. Profiles and age-related differences in the expression of the three parental burnout dimensions. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/17405629.2021.1990749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Céline Scola
- PSYCLE, Aix Marseille Univ, Aix-en-Provence, France
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23
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Chen M, Bai Y, Fu M, Huang N, Ahmed F, Shahid M, Wang X, Liu C, Feng XL, Guo J. The Associations Between Parental Burnout and Mental Health Symptoms Among Chinese Parents With Young Children During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:819199. [PMID: 35392385 PMCID: PMC8982451 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.819199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused numerous unexpected changes for families and societies, which have likely contributed to higher amounts of stress for most parents. This study aimed to examine the relationship between burnout and mental health among parents during the COVID-19. Pandemic exposure and household factors (e.g., family structure, family function) were examined as moderators. An online cross-sectional survey recruiting 1,209 adults was conducted from April 21st to April 28th, 2020 during the COVID-19 lockdown in China. The multivariable linear regression analysis was employed to test the association between burnout, household factors, and mental health among parents. Findings suggested that for parents with a young child, poorer mental health was related to a higher level of burnout (β = 0.220, P < 0.001) and greater exposure to the pandemic. Mothers of a single and/or young child had considerably poorer mental health. Moreover, the relationship between mental health and burnout among parents was significantly moderated by epidemic exposure (β = 2.561, P < 0.001), family structure (number of children: β = -1.257, P < 0.001; first child age: β=-1.116, P < 0.001) and family function (β = -0.574, P < 0.05). This study indicated that burnout symptoms were significantly associated with worse mental health among parents in China. Besides, exposure to the pandemic, family structure, and family function was found to moderate the association between burnout and mental health among parents. Therefore, the present study stressed enhanced access to mental health resources and emotional supports for parents during a public crisis to reduce the deleterious effects of burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minglong Chen
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yashuang Bai
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingqi Fu
- Center for Social Security Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ning Huang
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Farooq Ahmed
- Department of Anthropology, Quaid-I-Azam University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- School of Insurance and Economics, University of International Business and Economics, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohua Wang
- School of Social Development and Public Policy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Chengbin Liu
- School of Sociology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xing Lin Feng
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
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24
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Lin GX, Szczygieł D. Perfectionistic parents are burnt out by hiding emotions from their children, but this effect is attenuated by emotional intelligence. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2021.111187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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25
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Paula AJD, Condeles PC, Moreno AL, Ferreira MBG, Fonseca LMM, Ruiz MT. Parental burnout: a scoping review. Rev Bras Enferm 2021; 75Suppl. 3:e20210203. [PMID: 34852152 DOI: 10.1590/0034-7167-2021-0203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE to map available evidence on parental burnout theme. METHOD scoping review as according to the Joanna Briggs Institute. Search in January 2021, in six databases of publications in English, Portuguese or Spanish, without time limits. Data extracted and descriptively analyzed by three independent researchers. RESULTS 374 articles were identified and 20 were included in the final sample, all published in English, from 2017 onwards. Parental burnout is a complex, multifactorial problem, distinct from burnout cases, depressive symptoms and other mental health alterations. It affects 0.2 to 20% of parents, has validated and suitable instruments for measurement; if not treated, can have consequences on marital life, work relationships, child neglect and violence. CONCLUSIONS this is a recent theme that needs to be explored, due to the possible impact on children's and families' health and on parents' work processes. Protocol registered in the Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/jd7vk).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Júlia de Paula
- Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro. Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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26
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The slippery slope of parental exhaustion: A process model of parental burnout. JOURNAL OF APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appdev.2021.101354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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27
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Roskam I, Philippot P, Gallée L, Verhofstadt L, Soenens B, Goodman A, Mikolajczak M. I am not the parent I should be: Cross-sectional and prospective associations between parental self-discrepancies and parental burnout. SELF AND IDENTITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15298868.2021.1939773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Roskam
- Department of Psychology, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | | | - Laura Gallée
- Department of Psychology, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Lesley Verhofstadt
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Bart Soenens
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Alicia Goodman
- Psygogne, Hôpital Du Beau Vallon, Saint-Servais, Belgium
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28
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Lebert-Charron A, Dorard G, Wendland J, Boujut E. Who are and are not the burnout moms? A cluster analysis study of French-speaking mothers. JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2021.100091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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29
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Roskam I, Aguiar J, Akgun E, Arikan G, Artavia M, Avalosse H, Aunola K, Bader M, Bahati C, Barham EJ, Besson E, Beyers W, Boujut E, Brianda ME, Brytek-Matera A, Carbonneau N, César F, Chen BB, Dorard G, Dos Santos Elias LC, Dunsmuir S, Egorova N, Favez N, Fontaine AM, Foran H, Fricke J, Furutani K, Gallée L, Gannagé M, Gaspar M, Godbout L, Goldenberg A, Gross JJ, Gurza MA, Hall R, Hashmi MA, Hatta O, Helmy M, Hoang TV, Huynh MT, Kaneza E, Kawamoto T, Knezevic G, Kpassagou BL, Lazarevic LB, Le Vigouroux S, Lebert-Charron A, Leme V, Lin GX, MacCann C, Manrique-Millones D, Matias M, Miranda-Orrego MI, Miscioscia M, Morgades-Bamba C, Mousavi SF, Moutassem-Mimouni B, Muntean A, Murphy H, Ndayizigiye A, Tenkue JN, Olderbak S, Ornawka S, Osman F, Oyarce-Cadiz D, Pérez-Díaz PA, Petrides KV, Pineda-Marin C, Prandstetter K, Prikhidko A, Ricci RT, Salinas-Quiroz F, Sánchez-Rodríguez R, Sarrionandia A, Scola C, Sezibera V, Silva P, Simonelli A, Soenens B, Sorbring E, Sorkkila M, Schrooyen C, Stănculescu E, Starchenkova E, Szczygiel D, Tapia J, Tri TMT, Tremblay M, Ustundag-Budak AM, Pacheco MV, van Bakel H, Verhofstadt L, Wendland J, Yotanyamaneewong S, Mikolajczak M. Parental Burnout Around the Globe: a 42-Country Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 2:58-79. [PMID: 33758826 PMCID: PMC7970748 DOI: 10.1007/s42761-020-00028-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
High levels of stress in the parenting domain can lead to parental burnout, a condition that has severe consequences for both parents and children. It is not yet clear, however, whether parental burnout varies by culture, and if so, why it might do so. In this study, we examined the prevalence of parental burnout in 42 countries (17,409 parents; 71% mothers; Mage = 39.20) and showed that the prevalence of parental burnout varies dramatically across countries. Analyses of cultural values revealed that individualistic cultures, in particular, displayed a noticeably higher prevalence and mean level of parental burnout. Indeed, individualism plays a larger role in parental burnout than either economic inequalities across countries, or any other individual and family characteristic examined so far, including the number and age of children and the number of hours spent with them. These results suggest that cultural values in Western countries may put parents under heightened levels of stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Roskam
- Psychological Sciences Research Institute, UCLouvain, Place Cardinal Mercier 10, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Joyce Aguiar
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Center for Psychology, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, s/n, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ege Akgun
- Department of Preschool Education, Egitim Bilimleri Fakultesi Cebeci, Ankara University, 06590 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gizem Arikan
- Department of Psychology, Ozyegin University, Nisantepe Mah Orman Sok, Cekmekoy, 34794 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mariana Artavia
- Costa Rican Institute of Technology, Calle 15, Avenida 14. Km 1 sur de la Basílica de los Ángeles, Cartago, 30101 Costa Rica
| | - Hervé Avalosse
- Mutualités Chrétiennes, Research and Development Department, Chaussée de Haecht 579, 1031 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kaisa Aunola
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Michel Bader
- Department DP CHUV, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Avenue Pierre-Decker 5, 1011 Lausanne, CH Switzerland
| | - Claire Bahati
- Department of Psychology, University of Rwanda, Huye Campus, Southern Province Rwanda
| | - Elizabeth J Barham
- Department of Psychology, Federal University in São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís km 235, São Carlos, 13564-180 Brazil
| | - Eliane Besson
- Department of Psychology, Saint-Joseph University, Rue de Damas, B.P. 17-5208- Mar Mikhael, Beyrouth, 11042020 Lebanon
| | - Wim Beyers
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Emilie Boujut
- Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Processus de Santé, Université de Paris, F-92100 Boulogne Billancourt, France
| | - Maria Elena Brianda
- Psychological Sciences Research Institute, UCLouvain, Place Cardinal Mercier 10, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Anna Brytek-Matera
- Institute of Psychology, University of Wroclaw, Dawida 1, 50-527 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Noémie Carbonneau
- Département de Psychologie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 Boulevard Des Forges, Trois-Rivières, Québec Canada
| | - Filipa César
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Center for Psychology, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, s/n, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Bin-Bin Chen
- Department of Psychology, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Géraldine Dorard
- Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Processus de Santé, Université de Paris, F-92100 Boulogne Billancourt, France
| | | | - Sandra Dunsmuir
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, 26 Bedford Way, London, WC1H 0AP UK
| | - Natalia Egorova
- EPSM de l'Agglomération Lilloise, Psychiatrie adulte, 1 Rue de Lommelet, 59350 Saint-André-lez-Lille, France
| | - Nicolas Favez
- Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Uni Mail, 40 Bvd du Pont d'Arve, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anne-Marie Fontaine
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Center for Psychology, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, s/n, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Heather Foran
- Abteilung für Gesundheitspsychologie, Alpen-Adria-Universität Klagenfurt, Universitätsstraße 65-67, 9020 Klagenfurt, Austria
| | - Julia Fricke
- Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Luisenstr. 57, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kaichiro Furutani
- Faculty of Business Administration, Hokkai-gakuen University, 4-1-40, Asahimachi, Toyohiraku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Laura Gallée
- Psychological Sciences Research Institute, UCLouvain, Place Cardinal Mercier 10, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Myrna Gannagé
- Department of Psychology, Saint-Joseph University, Rue de Damas, B.P. 17-5208- Mar Mikhael, Beyrouth, 11042020 Lebanon
| | - Maria Gaspar
- Centre for Social Studies, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Rua do Colégio Novo, Ap.6153, 3000-115 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Lucie Godbout
- Département de Psychologie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 Boulevard Des Forges, Trois-Rivières, Québec Canada
| | - Amit Goldenberg
- Harvard Business School, Harvard University, Soldiers Field, Boston, MA 02163 USA
| | - James J Gross
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-2130 USA
| | - Maria Ancuta Gurza
- DGASPC Timis, Department of Psychology, Pta Regina Maria Nr.3, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ruby Hall
- Departement Tranzo, Tilburg University, Professor Cobbenhagenlaan 125, 5037 DB Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ogma Hatta
- Psychological Sciences Research Institute, UCLouvain, Place Cardinal Mercier 10, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Mai Helmy
- Psychology Department, Faculty of Arts, Menoufia University, Gamal abdel naser street, Shebin El Kom, Menoufia Governorate Egypt
| | - Thi Vân Hoang
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Social Sciences and Humanities, HoChiMinh National University, 10 -12 Dinh Tien Hoang, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Mai Trang Huynh
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Social Sciences and Humanities, HoChiMinh National University, 10 -12 Dinh Tien Hoang, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Emerence Kaneza
- Clinique de l'Education et de la Psychothérapie, Robero I, 6136 Bujumbura, Burundi
| | - Taishi Kawamoto
- College of Humanities, Department of Psychology, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501 Japan
| | - Goran Knezevic
- Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade, Cika Ljubina 18-20, Belgrade, 11000 Serbia
| | | | - Ljiljana B Lazarevic
- Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade, Cika Ljubina 18-20, Belgrade, 11000 Serbia
| | | | - Astrid Lebert-Charron
- Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Processus de Santé, Université de Paris, F-92100 Boulogne Billancourt, France
| | - Vanessa Leme
- Department of Psychology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Place Edmundo March 20, flat 201, Boa Viagem, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gao-Xian Lin
- Psychological Sciences Research Institute, UCLouvain, Place Cardinal Mercier 10, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Carolyn MacCann
- School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Manning Road, Sydney, Australia
| | - Denisse Manrique-Millones
- Psychology Research Institute, Universidad San Martín de Porres, Av. Tomás Marsano 242, 34 Lima, Peru
| | - Marisa Matias
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Center for Psychology, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, s/n, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - María Isabel Miranda-Orrego
- Faculty of Psychology, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Av. 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Marina Miscioscia
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Clara Morgades-Bamba
- Departamento de Psicología Social y de las Organizaciones, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Juan del Rosal, 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Seyyedeh Fatemeh Mousavi
- Research Group of Psychology, Women Research Center, Alzahra University, North Sheikh Bahaee St., Deh-e Vanak, Tehran, 1993891176 Iran
| | - Badra Moutassem-Mimouni
- Department of Psychology, Université Mohamed Benahmed Oran2, 109 rue de Mostaganem, Oran, Algeria
| | - Ana Muntean
- Social Work Department, West University in Timisoara, Bul. Vasile Parvan nr.4, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Hugh Murphy
- Abteilung für Gesundheitspsychologie, Alpen-Adria-Universität Klagenfurt, Universitätsstraße 65-67, 9020 Klagenfurt, Austria
| | - Alexis Ndayizigiye
- Clinique de l'Education et de la Psychothérapie, Robero I, 6136 Bujumbura, Burundi
| | | | - Sally Olderbak
- Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Sophie Ornawka
- Département de Psychologie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 Boulevard Des Forges, Trois-Rivières, Québec Canada
| | - Fatumo Osman
- School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Dalarna University, Högskolan Dalarna, 79188 Falun, Sweden
| | - Daniela Oyarce-Cadiz
- Department of Psychology, Universidad Santo Tomás, Avenida Carlos Schorr 255, Talca, Region del Maule Chile
| | - Pablo A Pérez-Díaz
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, 26 Bedford Way, London, WC1H 0AP UK.,Institute of Psychology, Austral University of Chile, Los Pinos Avenue, W/N, Pelluco, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Konstantinos V Petrides
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, 26 Bedford Way, London, WC1H 0AP UK
| | - Claudia Pineda-Marin
- Department of Psychology, Konrad Lorenz University Foundation, Cra. 9 Bis #62-43, 110231 Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Katharina Prandstetter
- Abteilung für Gesundheitspsychologie, Alpen-Adria-Universität Klagenfurt, Universitätsstraße 65-67, 9020 Klagenfurt, Austria
| | - Alena Prikhidko
- Counseling, Recreation and School Psychology, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8 Str, Miami, FL USA
| | - Ricardo T Ricci
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, 429 7mo. B, Las Heras, Argentina
| | - Fernando Salinas-Quiroz
- Estudios Psicológicos en Educación y Bienestar, National Pedagogic University, Academic Area 3, Carretera al Ajusco 24, Héroes de Padierna, Tlalpan, 14200 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Raquel Sánchez-Rodríguez
- Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches en Psychopathologie et Psychologie de la Santé (CERPPS), Université Toulouse 2 - Jean Jaurès, UT2J, Maison de la Recherche, 5 allées Antonio Machado, 31058 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Ainize Sarrionandia
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatments, University of the Basque Country, Tolosa Hiribidea 70, Donostia 20018, Gipuzkoa, Basque Country Spain
| | - Céline Scola
- PSYCLE, Aix Marseille Univ, Aix en Provence, France
| | - Vincent Sezibera
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Gikondo-Street, KK737, P.O. Box 4285, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Paola Silva
- Department of Psychology, Universidad de la República Uruguay, Edificio Central, Tristán Narvaja, 1674 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Alessandra Simonelli
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padova, Via Venezia 8, 35141 Padova, Italy
| | - Bart Soenens
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Emma Sorbring
- Department of Social and Behavioral Studies, University West, 461 86 Trollhättan, Sweden
| | - Matilda Sorkkila
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Charlotte Schrooyen
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Elena Stănculescu
- Teacher Training Department, University of Bucharest, Panduri Street, 90 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Elena Starchenkova
- Department of Psychological Ensuring of Professional Activity, Saint Petersburg State University, 7-9 Universitetskaya Emb, St Petersburg, 199034 Russia
| | - Dorota Szczygiel
- Faculty of Psychology in Sopot, Department of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, ul. Polna 16/20, 81-745 Sopot, Poland
| | - Javier Tapia
- Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, 11501-2060 Costa Rica
| | - Thi Minh Thuy Tri
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Social Sciences and Humanities, HoChiMinh National University, 10 -12 Dinh Tien Hoang, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Mélissa Tremblay
- Département de Psychologie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 Boulevard Des Forges, Trois-Rivières, Québec Canada
| | - A Meltem Ustundag-Budak
- Department of Psychology, Bahcesehir University, Guney Yerleskesi, Besiktas, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Maday Valdés Pacheco
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Habana, San Rafael # 1168 e/. Mazón y Baserrate Plaza, Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba
| | - Hedwig van Bakel
- Departement Tranzo, Tilburg University, Professor Cobbenhagenlaan 125, 5037 DB Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Lesley Verhofstadt
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Jaqueline Wendland
- Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Processus de Santé, Université de Paris, F-92100 Boulogne Billancourt, France
| | | | - Moïra Mikolajczak
- Psychological Sciences Research Institute, UCLouvain, Place Cardinal Mercier 10, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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Abstract
AbstractRecently, parental burnout has received considerable attention. However, to what extent can parental burnout be distinguished from job burnout in general? Furthermore, what is the direction of the relationship between parental and job burnout? These questions remain to be explored. The present study sought to determine the relationship between parental and job burnout, examining the effects on fathers and the mothers sample separately. Study 1 aimed to provide further evidence of the distinction between parental and job burnout. In total, 597 students, 458 fathers, and 531 mothers took part in our survey. Furthermore, both parental and job burnout could positively predict their own depression (βfather = 0.27, p < 0.01; βmother = 0.35, p < 0.01). Parental burnout could significantly predict parenting-related variables (e.g., children’s anxiety) (βfather = 0.23, p < 0.01; βmother = 0.13, p < 0.01), whereas job burnout could significantly predict job-related variables (e.g., job satisfaction) (βfather = −0.27, p < 0.01; βmother = −0.28, p < 0.01). These results support the distinction between parental and job burnout. In Study 2, a three-wave longitudinal design and a cross-lag model was established to infer the direction of the relationship. In total, 109 fathers and 144 mothers completed all questionnaires. The results showed that the previous parental burnout had a significant predictive effect on later job burnout consistently, whereas the previous job burnout did not show significant predictive effect on later parental burnout. The implications and necessary future research are also discussed.
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Lin GX, Szczygieł D, Hansotte L, Roskam I, Mikolajczak M. Aiming to be perfect parents increases the risk of parental burnout, but emotional competence mitigates it. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-01509-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Sarrionandia A, Aliri J. Initial validation of the Basque version of the Parental Burnout Assessment (B-PBA). Scand J Psychol 2021; 62:348-354. [PMID: 33426690 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to validate the Parental Burnout Assessment in a Basque sample of parents. The Basque version of the PBA (B-PBA) was administered to 250 parents, with at least one child living at home. We investigated whether the four-dimensional structure of the PBA held in a sample of male and female parents. Furthermore, we examined the relationships between PBA and several sociodemographic variables such as participants' age, gender, number of children, family type, level of education, socioeconomic level, being in paid employment, and time spent with children. The results confirm the four-factor structure of the B-PBA including exhaustion in one's parental role, contrast with previous parental self, feelings of being fed up, and emotional distancing from one's children. The B-PBA shows good psychometric properties. Regarding sociodemographic variables, mothers present higher levels of parental burnout in comparison with fathers. In the rest of the sociodemographic variables there are weak relationships regarding parental burnout. In the discussion, we provide feedback on the hypotheses and results obtained and we interpret the results; we highlight the relevance of the parental burnout construct in the Basque Country; and we present practical implications as well as future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jone Aliri
- Faculty of Psychology, University of the Basque Country, Spain
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Szczygieł D, Sekulowicz M, Kwiatkowski P, Roskam I, Mikolajczak M. Validation of the Polish version of the Parental Burnout Assessment (PBA). New Dir Child Adolesc Dev 2020; 2020:137-158. [PMID: 33201567 DOI: 10.1002/cad.20385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the factorial structure of the Polish version of the Parental Burnout Assessment (PBA-PL) and its relation with other variables, previously shown to be antecedents or outcomes of parental burnout. The PBA-PL was administered to a total sample of 2,130 parents along with other instruments depending on the study. Factorial analyses of the PBA-PL supported both the original four-factor model of parental burnout (exhaustion related to parenting, feelings of being fed up with parenting, emotional distancing from one's children, and contrast with previous parental self) and a second-order model with a global parental burnout underlying the four first-order factors. Both subscale and global scores were reliable. Significant correlations were found between PBA-PL and neuroticism, emotional intelligence, maladaptive perfectionism, perceived social support, depressive symptoms, marital satisfaction, and life satisfaction. PBA-PL also predicted both parental neglect and parental violence beyond socio-demographic factors, depression, and job burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Szczygieł
- Department of Psychology, Faculty in Sopot, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Sopot, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Sekulowicz
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Promotion, University School of Physical Education, Wrocław, Poland
| | | | - Isabelle Roskam
- Department of Psychology, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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Stănculescu E, Roskam I, Mikolajczak M, Muntean A, Gurza A. Parental burnout in Romania: Validity of the Romanian version of the parental burnout assessment (PBA‐RO). New Dir Child Adolesc Dev 2020; 2020:119-136. [DOI: 10.1002/cad.20384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Isabelle Roskam
- Psychological Sciences Research Institute UCLouvain Louvain‐la‐Neuve Belgium
| | - Moïra Mikolajczak
- Psychological Sciences Research Institute UCLouvain Louvain‐la‐Neuve Belgium
| | - Ana Muntean
- West University of Timisoara Timisoara Romania
| | - Anca Gurza
- General Department of Social Assistance and Child Protection Timisoara Romania
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Furutani K, Kawamoto T, Alimardani M, Nakashima K. Exhausted parents in Japan: Preliminary validation of the Japanese version of the Parental Burnout Assessment. New Dir Child Adolesc Dev 2020; 2020:33-49. [PMID: 33029919 PMCID: PMC7821145 DOI: 10.1002/cad.20371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We examined the factorial structure and validity of a Japanese version of the Parental Burnout Assessment, the PBA-J, with 1,500 Japanese parents. The Parental Burnout Assessment measures burnout using four dimensions: exhaustion in one's parental role, contrast in parental self, feelings of being fed up, and emotional distancing. Confirmatory factor analysis on the PBA-J supported a four-factor model. Multiple-group structural equation modeling with parent participants was supported for the factor-loading invariance model. Mothers had higher parental burnout scores than fathers. We found moderate-to-strong correlation coefficients between the PBA-J and the Parental Burnout Inventory (PBI-J; the comparative burnout measure), and weak-to-moderate correlation coefficients between the PBA-J and job burnout, neuroticism, co-parenting disagreement, and family disorganization. The PBA-J was correlated with parental perfectionism, particularly with concern over mistakes rather than sociodemographic variables. Overall, our findings provide initial evidence for the validity of the PBA-J.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaichiro Furutani
- Faculty of Business AdministrationHokkai‐Ggakuen University4‐1‐40 Asahimachi ToyohirakuSapporoHokkaido062‐8605Japan
| | - Taishi Kawamoto
- Department of PsychologyChubu University1200, MatsumotoKasugaiAichi487‐8501Japan
| | - Maryam Alimardani
- Department of Cognitive Science and Artificial IntelligenceTilburg UniversityWarandelaan 2TilburgBrabant5037 ABNetherlands
| | - Ken'ichiro Nakashima
- Graduate School of Humanities and Social SciencesHiroshima University1‐1‐1 KagamiyamaHigashi‐HiroshimaHiroshima739‐8524Japan
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Matias M, Aguiar J, César F, Braz AC, Barham EJ, Leme V, Elias L, Gaspar MF, Mikolajczak M, Roskam I, Fontaine AM. The Brazilian–Portuguese version of the Parental Burnout Assessment: Transcultural adaptation and initial validity evidence. New Dir Child Adolesc Dev 2020; 2020:67-83. [DOI: 10.1002/cad.20374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Matias
- Center for Psychology at University of Porto Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences of University of Porto Porto Portugal
| | - Joyce Aguiar
- Center for Psychology at University of Porto Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences of University of Porto Porto Portugal
| | - Filipa César
- Center for Psychology at University of Porto Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences of University of Porto Porto Portugal
| | - Ana Carolina Braz
- Center for Psychology at University of Porto Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences of University of Porto Porto Portugal
| | - Elizabeth Joan Barham
- Psychology Post‐Graduation Program Center of Education and Human Sciences at the Federal University of São Carlos São Carlos Brazil
| | - Vanessa Leme
- Psychology Post‐Graduation Program Center of Education and Human Sciences at the State University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Luciana Elias
- Department of Psychology University of São Paulo ‐ Ribeirão Preto Campus Ribeirão Preto Brazil
| | - Maria Filomena Gaspar
- Center for Social Studies at University of Coimbra Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences of University of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal
| | - Moïra Mikolajczak
- Psychological Sciences Research Institute Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences of UCLouvain Louvain Belgium
| | - Isabelle Roskam
- Psychological Sciences Research Institute Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences of UCLouvain Louvain Belgium
| | - Anne Marie Fontaine
- Center for Psychology at University of Porto Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences of University of Porto Porto Portugal
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Mikolajczak M, Roskam I. Parental burnout: Moving the focus from children to parents. New Dir Child Adolesc Dev 2020; 2020:7-13. [PMID: 33084244 DOI: 10.1002/cad.20376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Parental burnout (PB)-a condition characterized by intense exhaustion related to parenting, emotional distancing from one's children, and a loss of parental fulfillment-has received increasing attention in recent years, even more since the worldwide COVID-19 crisis and the confinement of parents with their children. This crisis put the spotlight on parents' suffering, and the need to better understand parental burnout and how to best assess and treat it emerged as a priority. This brief article introduces the Thematic Issue of New Directions in Child and Adolescent Development focused on the measurement of parental burnout across various regions of the world. It briefly reviews the concept of parental burnout, its phenomenological experience, its etiology and consequences, and its measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moïra Mikolajczak
- Department of Psychology, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Roskam
- Department of Psychology, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium, Belgium
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38
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Brianda ME, Roskam I, Mikolajczak M. Psychoneuroendocrinology research is needed on parental burnout: A response to Walther, Walther, and Heald's comment on Hair cortisol concentration as a biomarker of parental burnout. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2020; 119:104786. [PMID: 32690226 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elena Brianda
- Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Department of Psychology, UCLouvain, 10 Place Cardinal Mercier, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Isabelle Roskam
- Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Department of Psychology, UCLouvain, 10 Place Cardinal Mercier, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Moïra Mikolajczak
- Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Department of Psychology, UCLouvain, 10 Place Cardinal Mercier, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
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Aunola K, Sorkkila M, Tolvanen A. Validity of the Finnish version of the Parental Burnout Assessment (PBA). Scand J Psychol 2020; 61:714-722. [PMID: 32542689 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to validate the Finnish version of the Parental Burnout Assessment (PBA) using data from 1,688 Finnish parents (91% mothers) living in Finland with at least one child living at home. Confirmatory factor analyses supported the theoretical four-factor structure of the PBA - emotional exhaustion in one's parental role, contrast with previous parental self, feelings of being fed up with one's parental role, and emotional distancing from one's children. Internal consistency for the total scale was excellent (Cronbach's alpha ≥ 0.90) and for the subscales from acceptable (alpha ≥ 0.70) to excellent. The results further demonstrated strict factorial invariance of PBA across genders and educational status groups. Finally, the PBA and its four subscales correlated as expected with the three criteria variables (depressive symptoms, sleep disruptions, and self-esteem), the latent factors of all three criteria variables being still clearly unique and separate constructions from parental burnout factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaisa Aunola
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Matilda Sorkkila
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Asko Tolvanen
- Methodology Centre for Human Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Cheng H, Wang W, Wang S, Li Y, Liu X, Li Y. Validation of a Chinese Version of the Parental Burnout Assessment. Front Psychol 2020; 11:321. [PMID: 32231609 PMCID: PMC7083175 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parenting is a meaningful endeavor but it also induces stress, which can cause parental burnout. In China, the assessment and study of parental burnout are still in their formative stages. To contribute to advancing this field, the present study aimed to develop and validate a Chinese version of the Parental Burnout Assessment (PBA). Questionnaires were distributed to 614 families (comprising students in the eighth grade and both of their parents; one questionnaire for each person) on two separate occasions (Time 1 and Time 2). The students were asked to self-report their loneliness and life satisfaction at Time 1 and their anti-social behavior at Time 2. Meanwhile, parents were asked to self-report their parental burnout and job burnout at both Time 1 and Time 2, their marriage satisfaction at Time 1, and their levels of agreeableness and neuroticism at Time 2. Using the data obtained, we performed exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, which indicated that this version of the PBA had a single-factor structure. The α of the PBA was 0.938 at Time 1 and 0.952 at Time 2. At Time 1, parental burnout was positively related to their job burnout in emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, and negatively related to their marriage satisfaction. In addition, parental burnout was positively related to students' life satisfaction, and mothers' parental burnout was positively related to students' loneliness. At Time 2, parental burnout showed positive relations with neuroticism and job burnout in emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, and was negatively related to agreeableness. In addition, mothers' parental burnout was positively related to students' anti-social behavior. Furthermore, parental burnout at Time 1 also showed positive relations with job burnout through emotional exhaustion and depersonalization measured at Time 2, and parental burnout at Time 1 was positively related to students' anti-social behavior at Time 2. Overall, the present study confirmed the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the PBA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huabin Cheng
- Institute of Psychology and Behavior, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Institute of Psychology and Behavior, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Shengnan Wang
- Institute of Psychology and Behavior, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yimin Li
- Institute of Psychology and Behavior, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongxin Li
- Institute of Psychology and Behavior, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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