1
|
Silva-Fernández CS, de la Calle M, Camacho PA, Arribas SM, Garrosa E, Ramiro-Cortijo D. Psychometric Reliability to Assess the Perception of Women's Fulfillment of Maternity Rights. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2024; 14:2248-2261. [PMID: 39194944 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe14080150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The fulfillment of rights to maternal healthcare is a key factor for the wellbeing of women. However, there is a lack of an instrument to ascertain the experience of women during maternity to enable adequate monitoring. The aim of this study was to validate a new instrument to measure women's perception of the fulfillment of rights during healthcare in pregnancy and childbirth and immediately postpartum. The initial version of the instrument consists of 50 items and was validated using exploratory factor analysis. Additionally, the final version of the instrument consists of 29 items and was validated by confirmatory factor analysis and known-group validity. The instrument was applied to 185 Spanish women. The global Aiken's V of the initial instrument proposal was 0.89. The process resulted in an instrument with five factors (information, privacy, consent, support, and participation) that explained the 60% of the total variance. The score of the instrument was correlated with resilience, maternity beliefs, and positive and negative affect. External validation showed relations with age, gravida, and the number of times a woman has been in labor. Additionally, the Cronbach's α reliability was 0.93 [0.91; 0.94]. In conclusion, the instrument developed is consistent and has appropriate psychometric properties for assessing the fulfillment rights of maternity healthcare.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Susana Silva-Fernández
- Department of Biological & Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Ivan Pavlov 6, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - María de la Calle
- Obstetric and Gynecology Service, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paul Anthony Camacho
- Centro de Investigaciones, Fundación Oftalmológica de Santander, Avenida El Bosque 23, Bucaramanga 680003, Colombia
| | - Silvia M Arribas
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Arzobispo Morcillo 2, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Estudios de la Mujer (IUEM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente 5, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Grupo de Investigación en Alimentación, Estrés Oxidativo y Salud Cardiovascular (FOSCH), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Garrosa
- Department of Biological & Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Ivan Pavlov 6, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Estudios de la Mujer (IUEM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente 5, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - David Ramiro-Cortijo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Arzobispo Morcillo 2, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Estudios de la Mujer (IUEM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente 5, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Grupo de Investigación en Alimentación, Estrés Oxidativo y Salud Cardiovascular (FOSCH), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), 28046 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Roberts NJ, McAloney‐Kocaman K, Lippiett K, Ray E, Welch L, Kelly CA. Factors influencing fatigue in UK nurses working in respiratory clinical areas during the second wave of the Covid-19 pandemic: An online survey. J Clin Nurs 2024; 33:322-332. [PMID: 35614562 PMCID: PMC9348315 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.16375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES This study explores UK nurses' experiences of working in a respiratory clinical area during the COVID-19 pandemic over winter 2020. BACKGROUND During the first wave of the pandemic, nurses working in respiratory clinical areas experienced significant levels of anxiety and depression. As the pandemic has progressed, levels of fatigue in nurses have not been assessed. METHODS A cross-sectional e-survey was distributed via professional respiratory societies and social media. The survey included Generalised Anxiety Disorder Assessment (GAD7), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ9, depression), a resilience scale (RS-14) and Chalder mental and physical fatigue tools. The STROBE checklist was followed as guidance to write the manuscript. RESULTS Despite reporting anxiety and depression, few nurses reported having time off work with stress, most were maintaining training and felt prepared for COVID challenges in their current role. Nurses reported concerns over safety and patient feedback was both positive and negative. A quarter of respondents reported wanting to leave nursing. Nurses experiencing greater physical fatigue reported higher levels of anxiety and depression. CONCLUSIONS Nurses working in respiratory clinical areas were closely involved in caring for COVID-19 patients. Nurses continued to experience similar levels of anxiety and depression to those found in the first wave and reported symptoms of fatigue (physical and mental). A significant proportion of respondents reported considering leaving nursing. Retention of nurses is vital to ensure the safe functioning of already overstretched health services. Nurses would benefit from regular mental health check-ups to ensure they are fit to practice and receive the support they need to work effectively. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE A high proportion of nurses working in respiratory clinical areas have been identified as experiencing fatigue in addition to continued levels of anxiety, depression over winter 2020. Interventions need to be implemented to help provide mental health support and improve workplace conditions to minimise PTSD and burnout.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola J. Roberts
- School of Health and Life SciencesGlasgow Caledonian UniversityGlasgowUK
| | | | - Kate Lippiett
- School of Health SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
| | - Emma Ray
- School of Health SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
| | - Lindsay Welch
- School of Health SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
| | - Carol A. Kelly
- Respiratory Research CentreEdge Hill UniversityOrmskirkUK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Valóta IADC, Rodrigo da Silva Pimentel R, Neroni Stina Saura AP, Marques da Silva R, Siqueira Costa Calache AL, José dos Santos M. Fatigue and resilience in Master's and PhD students in the Covid-19 pandemic in Brazil: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0295218. [PMID: 38039268 PMCID: PMC10691712 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze levels of fatigue and resilience of Brazilian graduate students during the COVID-19 pandemic and to determine whether there is an association between fatigue and resilience and sociodemographic and academic factors. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, and it was discovered that the variables associated with higher levels of resilience were age; having children; being retired; receiving income above five minimum wages; having had greater problems in other phases of the research schedule; coming from private universities; being from the north of Brazil; studying the area of Health; and having their research schedule unaffected during the pandemic. On the other hand, lack of resilience was associated with not having children; being less well-off financially; being younger; being a woman; studying in a public university; and having to postpone part of the research during the pandemic. The conclusion of the study indicated the need for graduate programs to design strategies to deal with fatigue and promote resilience in Master's and PhD students.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Marcelo José dos Santos
- Professional Guidance Department, Nursing School of University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abboud F, Easson K, Majnemer A, Rohlicek CV, Brossard-Racine M. Psychological Well-Being, Everyday Functioning, and Autonomy In Emerging Adults with a Congenital Heart Defect. J Pediatr 2023; 262:113621. [PMID: 37473990 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2023.113621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize the psychological well-being, everyday functioning, and autonomy of emerging adults with congenital heart disease (CHD) and explore how they relate to the executive function (EF) deficits commonly observed in this population. STUDY DESIGN Questionnaires assessing psychological well-being (encompassing psychosocial functioning and resilience), EF, and age-appropriate indicators of everyday function and autonomy (eg, housing, education, employment, relationship status) were completed by participants with CHD (16-26 years) who underwent open-heart surgery during infancy and age- and sex-matched controls. RESULTS A total of 58 emerging adults with CHD and 57 controls participated in this study. Mean scores on the resilience and psychosocial functioning questionnaires were not significantly different between CHD and control participants. Emerging adults with CHD also did not differ from controls in terms of holding a driver's license, involvement in a romantic relationship, or current employment status. Multiple linear regression identified that better EF was associated with better psychological well-being. CONCLUSIONS This study supports the need for systematic screening for EF deficits during adolescence and early adulthood to promote optimal well-being in this population. Further research is required to continue to document the everyday experiences of adolescents and young adults with CHD to identify protective factors associated with a successful and satisfying transition to adult life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatme Abboud
- Advances in Brain and Child Health Development Research Laboratory, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Kaitlyn Easson
- Advances in Brain and Child Health Development Research Laboratory, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Annette Majnemer
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - Charles V Rohlicek
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - Marie Brossard-Racine
- Advances in Brain and Child Health Development Research Laboratory, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada; Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zahid N, Martins RS, Dawood ZS, Zahid W, Azam I, Ikram M, Hassan A, Bhamani SS, Asad N, Jabbar AA, Akhtar S, Siddiqui MI, Awan MS, Ahmad K. Clinical and psychosocial factors associated with quality of life in patients with head and neck cancer: an analytical cross-sectional study from a lower-middle-income country. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:265. [PMID: 37670380 PMCID: PMC10478451 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01264-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The disease course of head and neck (H&N) cancer can severely impair patients' quality of life (QoL). In Pakistan, a South Asian lower-middle-income country (LMIC), psychosocial factors may impact QoL. We aimed to assess QoL and associated factors amongst patients with H&N cancer in Pakistan. METHODS An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted amongst adult (≥ 18 years) patients with H&N cancer who were ≥ 4 weeks post-initiation of treatment. The survey assessed QoL (European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaires), anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), and social support (Enriched Social Support Instrument). Multivariable linear regression was performed for analysis. RESULTS A total of 250 patients (mean age: 51.6 years) were included. The majority of patients were married (87%) and living with multigenerational/extended family households (53%). On multivariable linear regression, ongoing cancer treatment (beta coefficient: -13.93), having a tracheostomy (-10.02), and receiving adjuvant chemoradiotherapy (-8.17) were significantly associated with poorer global QoL. Additionally, poorer QoL was associated with depression (-24.37) and anxiety (-13.34). However, having more household family members was associated with better global QoL (0.34). CONCLUSION The QoL of patients with H&N cancer in Pakistan is affected by both the nature of cancer treatment as well as sociocultural factors such the number of household family members. Given that poorer QoL is associated with worse mental health outcomes, there is a need to develop and implement psychosocial interventions to improve the QoL of patients with H&N cancer in Pakistan, particularly during active treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nida Zahid
- Department of Surgery, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Russell Seth Martins
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, JFK University Medical Center, Hackensack Meridian Health, Edison, NJ, 08820, United States of America.
| | | | - Wajeeha Zahid
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Iqbal Azam
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mubasher Ikram
- Department of Psychiatry, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Aneesa Hassan
- Department of Surgery, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Nargis Asad
- Department of Psychiatry, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Shabbir Akhtar
- Department of Surgery, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Khabir Ahmad
- Department of Surgery, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Honein-AbouHaidar G, Bou-Hamad I, Dhaini S, Davidson P, Reynolds NR, Al-Zaru IM, Gharaibeh M, Dumit NY. The validation of the Arabic version of the resilience scale 14 (RS-14). BMC Nurs 2023; 22:239. [PMID: 37434167 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-023-01392-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Nurses in Lebanon are facing multiple crises and the severity of the situation calls for an empirical examination of their resilience status. Evidence indicates that resilience can buffer the negative effect of workplace stressors on nurses and is associated with favorable patient outcomes. The objective of this study was to test the psychometric properties of the Arabic Resilience Scale-14 that was utilized to measure resilience among Lebanese nurses, METHODS: Data was collected from nurses working in health care centers using a cross-sectional survey design. We estimated the confirmatory factor analysis using the Diagonally Weighted least Squares. Fit indices for the confirmatory factor analysis model included Model chi-square, root-mean squared error of approximation and Standardized Root Mean Square Residual. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS 1,488 nurses were included in the analysis. The squared multiple correlations values ranged from 0.60 to 0.97 thus supporting the construct validity of the originally hypothesized five factor model (self-reliance, purpose, equanimity, perseverance, and authenticity). CONCLUSIONS The Arabic version of the Resilience Scale 14 tool is considered a valid tool for measuring resilience in any situation involving Arabic speaking nurses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gladys Honein-AbouHaidar
- Hariri School of Nursing, American University of Beirut, Bliss Street, Riad El Solh 1107, PO Box: 11 0236, Beirut, 2020, Lebanon
| | - Imad Bou-Hamad
- Department of Business Information and Decision Systems, Suliman S. Olayan School of Business, American University of Beirut, Bliss Street, Riad El Solh, PO Box: 11 0236, Beirut, 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Suzanne Dhaini
- Institute of Nursing Science, Department Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Bernoullistrasse 28, Basel, CH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Patricia Davidson
- University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Nancy R Reynolds
- Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, 525 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Ibtisam M Al-Zaru
- Jordan University of Science and Technology, Ar Ramtha 3030 Ar-Ramtha, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Muntaha Gharaibeh
- Jordan University of Science and Technology, Ar Ramtha 3030 Ar-Ramtha, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Nuhad Yazbik Dumit
- Hariri School of Nursing, American University of Beirut, Bliss Street, Riad El Solh 1107, PO Box: 11 0236, Beirut, 2020, Lebanon.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Aghebati A, Khosrovanmehr N, Mohammadi G, Farahani H, Ahadianfard P. Psychometric properties of Persian version of child and youth resilience measure-revised in children. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2023; 12:84. [PMID: 37288390 PMCID: PMC10243422 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_102_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resilience is both the individuals' capacity to navigate their way to the resources that sustain their well-being in the context of exposure to adversity and their capacity to negotiate for resources to be accessed. Hence, it is crucial for clinical settings and research centers to have access to a valid and reliable scale that can measure different components of resilience. This study aimed to determine the psychometric properties and cultural adaptation of the Persian version of the Child and Youth Resilience Measure-revised (CYRM-R) in Children. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study includes the standard procedure of translation of the CYRM-R and Person Most Knowledgeable-Child and Youth Resilience Measure-revised (PMK-CYRM-R), exploration of the goodness-of-fit, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of a sample of 200 parents or caregivers and their children aged 5 to 9 years who were selected by convenient sampling in Tehran, Iran. CYRM-R, PMK-CYRM-R, and The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) were completed by participants. Also, internal consistency, face, content, and criterion validity were investigated. RESULTS A two-factor structure of CYRM-R for Iranian children was identified by CFA: Personal and Caregiver. Results indicated adequate goodness-of-fit and strong internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.88). Acceptable face, content, and criterion validity of the CYRM-R were reported by positive correlation to the PMK-CYRM-R. No significant relation was found between CYRM-R and SDQ. CONCLUSION Findings of the present study support the robust psychometric properties and cultural adaptation of the CYRM-R in Iranian children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asma Aghebati
- Department of Clinical Psychology, The School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Najmeh Khosrovanmehr
- Department of Clinical Psychology, The School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gelavizh Mohammadi
- Department of Clinical Psychology, The School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hojjatolla Farahani
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Pantea Ahadianfard
- Department of Clinical Psychology, The School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wongpakaran T, Yang T, Varnado P, Siriai Y, Mirnics Z, Kövi Z, Wongpakaran N. The development and validation of a new resilience inventory based on inner strength. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2506. [PMID: 36782008 PMCID: PMC9925219 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29848-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
There are a number of resilience scales with good psychometric properties. However, the various scales differ in their item content in accordance with the model of resilience the developer had in mind. Culture is one of the reasons for the difference. Thailand, one of the Buddhist cultures, has a different view on resilience compared with Western culture. This study aimed to develop and validate a resilience inventory created based on the inner strength concept using a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and Rasch measurement model. The resilience inventory (RI) was developed by creating new items representing inner strengths attributed to resilience. The inner strength was adopted to form the resilience construct, including perseverance, wisdom, patience, mindfulness, loving-kindness and equanimity. In addition, face and content validity were examined by experts in both mental health and Buddhism. The final RI comprised nine items with a 5-point Likert-type scale. The RI-9 was completed by 243 medical students who participated in the study, along with other measurements, i.e., Inner Strength-Based Inventory (iSBI), measuring the ten characteristics of perfection or inner strength, and the Core Symptom Index, measuring anxiety, depression and somatization symptoms. CFA, internal consistency and the Polytomous Rasch rating model were used to investigate the RI-9 construct validity. The mean age of the participants was 22.7 years (SD, 0.8); one-half were male (50%). The RI-9 construct demonstrated item hierarchy as follows: perseverance, patience (tolerance), mindfulness and equanimity, wisdom and loving-kindness. CFA showed that the unidimensional model fitted the data well. Rasch analysis showed no misfitting items and local dependence. The reliability of the person and item was good, and no disordered threshold was observed. Two items were found to exhibit differential item functioning due to sex. RI-9 scores were significantly related to all ten strengths from the iSBI, whereas they were negatively related to depression, anxiety, somatization and interpersonal difficulties. The RI-9 demonstrated validity and reliability. It constitutes a promising tool for outcome assessment in nonclinical populations. Further investigation on external validity as well as psychometric validation in other different cultures, should be encouraged.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tinakon Wongpakaran
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 110 Intawaroros Rd. Tambon Sriphum, Amphoe Mueng, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Tong Yang
- Master of Science Program (Mental Health), Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huaykaew Rd., Tambon Suthep, Amphoe Mueng, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Pairada Varnado
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 110 Intawaroros Rd. Tambon Sriphum, Amphoe Mueng, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Yupapan Siriai
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 110 Intawaroros Rd. Tambon Sriphum, Amphoe Mueng, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Zsuzsanna Mirnics
- Department of Personality and Health Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Károli Gáspár University of the Reformed Church, Bécsi Street 324, Budapest, 1037, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Kövi
- Department of Personality and Health Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Károli Gáspár University of the Reformed Church, Bécsi Street 324, Budapest, 1037, Hungary
| | - Nahathai Wongpakaran
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 110 Intawaroros Rd. Tambon Sriphum, Amphoe Mueng, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Grove C, Marinucci A, Montagni I. Australian Youth Resilience and Help-Seeking during COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Study. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:121. [PMID: 36829350 PMCID: PMC9952720 DOI: 10.3390/bs13020121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has seriously impacted youth mental health. Their resilience, defined as the ability to respond to adversity, has also been impaired. Help-seeking refers to the activity of addressing oneself to others when facing trouble. The objective of this study was to understand the levels of youth resilience and help-seeking during COVID-19 in 2021. Data were collected online from 181 Australian adolescents aged 12-17 years. The General Help-Seeking Questionnaire, the Actual Help-Seeking Questionnaire, and the Resilience Scale were used. Mean and frequency analysis and independent samples t-tests were performed. The Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated. Resilience was in the low range (mean = 66.56, SD 15.74) and associated with no help-seeking. For a personal problem and suicidal ideation, participants were most likely to contact a mental health professional, with means of 4.97 (SD 1.75) and 4.88 (SD 1.97), respectively. The majority did not seek help (n = 47) for challenges with anxiety or depression. This study corroborates previous findings on limited help-seeking in youth because of self-reliance and low confidence in others. Resilience decreased during COVID-19 in parallel with help-seeking. Strategies aiming to increase resilience and help-seeking, such as school-based programs, are needed given their decrease in Australian youths due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine Grove
- Fulbright Association, Canberra, NSW 2601, Australia
- Faculty of Education, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | | | - Ilaria Montagni
- Bordeaux Population Health Research Center UMRS1219, University of Bordeaux, Inserm, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Phares S, Irving A, McCoy M, Johnston CS. Associations Between Food Skills and Resilience in Adults Ages 18 to 45 in the USA During the COVID-19 Pandemic (2020 April-June): A Brief Report. ADVERSITY AND RESILIENCE SCIENCE 2022; 4:171-176. [PMID: 36569589 PMCID: PMC9764296 DOI: 10.1007/s42844-022-00087-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Early in the COVID-19 pandemic, there were limited options for eating away from home, obligating many US adults to prepare foods at home, a situation that provided an opportunity to examine relationships between food skills, resilience, and coping in the initial months of the pandemic. This research surveyed a convenience sample of adults (n = 134; 18-45 years of age) from the Phoenix Metropolitan area when a "stay at home" pandemic directive was mandated in the state of AZ. The study objective was to explore how food skills correlated to resilience and whether resilience directly related to the ability to manage oneself during this time. Previously validated measures for food skills and resiliency were utilized for the online questionnaire, which also included the question, "I was able to manage myself during the Coronavirus Pandemic." The Spearman's rank order correlation test and a linear, stepwise regression analysis were used to examine relationships between scores. Participants scored at the 77% percentile for total food skill proficiency, and at the 84th percentile for resilience. Both total food skills and resilience were correlated to the ability to self-manage during COVID-19 (r = 0.246 and r = 0.444, respectively; p ≤ 0.004). The stepwise linear regression model retained only the food skill domain "food selection and planning" as a significant predictor of resilience (standardized coefficient, 0.278; 99% CI [- 0.056, 0.414]; p < 0.05). These data suggest that resilience and food skills factored into participants' ability to self-manage during the COVID-19 mandate, "stay at home."
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Savanna Phares
- grid.215654.10000 0001 2151 2636College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, 550 N. 3Rd Street, Phoenix, AZ 85004 USA
| | - Andrea Irving
- grid.215654.10000 0001 2151 2636College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, 550 N. 3Rd Street, Phoenix, AZ 85004 USA
| | - Maureen McCoy
- grid.215654.10000 0001 2151 2636College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, 550 N. 3Rd Street, Phoenix, AZ 85004 USA
| | - Carol S. Johnston
- grid.215654.10000 0001 2151 2636College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, 550 N. 3Rd Street, Phoenix, AZ 85004 USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Miroševič Š, Selič-Zupančič P, Prins J, Klemenc-Ketiš Z. Cross-sectional study examining psychometric properties of the Slovenian version of the 14-item Resilience Scale (RS-14-SL). Qual Life Res 2022; 32:1567-1580. [PMID: 36509881 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-022-03316-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Resilience has become an important concept in health research, addressing mental health outcomes. The purpose of this study was to translate, adapt, and evaluate psychometric properties of the Slovenian version of the 14-item Resilience Scale (RS-14), using a sample of general population and cancer survivors. METHODS The original version of the RS-14 was first back-translated and pilot tested. The factor structure was assessed with an exploratory analysis and confirmed with a confirmatory analysis. To assess reliability, internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) and test-retest (ICC, t student test) were determined. Measurement validity was assessed with demographic (age and gender) and psychological characteristics (symptoms of anxiety and depression and health-related quality of life). RESULTS An exploratory factor analysis revealed one-factor solution in both samples and the fit indexes showed an acceptable model fit. Internal consistency showed excellent values (0.91-0.96), and test-retest reliability was found to be acceptable (ICC = 0.89). Significant correlations were found between RS-14 and anxiety and depression HADS subscales in Sample 1 (r = - 0.62, - 0.72 for anxiety and depression) and Sample 2 (r = - 0.43, r = - 0.51 for anxiety and depression) and the majority of EQ-5D subscales (usual activities, pain, anxiety/depression). CONCLUSION The study showed that the Slovenian version of the RS-14 test scores is valid and stable. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER 0120-25/2019/6.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Špela Miroševič
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Poljanski Nasip 58, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Polona Selič-Zupančič
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Poljanski Nasip 58, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia.,Primary Healthcare Research And Development Institute, Community Health Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Judith Prins
- Department of Medical Psychology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Zalika Klemenc-Ketiš
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Poljanski Nasip 58, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Primary Healthcare Research And Development Institute, Community Health Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wan X, Huang H, Peng Q, Yu NX, Zhang Y, Ding Y, Wu H, Hao J, Lu G, Chen C. A meta‐analysis on the relationship between posttraumatic growth and resilience in people with breast cancer. Nurs Open 2022; 10:2734-2745. [PMID: 36484160 PMCID: PMC10077350 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.1540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To quantitatively synthesize the correlation between posttraumatic growth and resilience among breast cancer patients and explore the potential moderators affecting the relation. DESIGN A meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies. METHODS This meta-analysis followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses 2020 guidelines. This meta-analysis was carried out by searching Chinese and English databases of China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WANFANG DATA, Chongqing VIP Information Co., Ltd., PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and PsycINFO from inception to February 25, 2022. Pooled Pearson's correlation coefficients between posttraumatic growth and resilience was calculated by the Stata software (version 17.0) using the random effects model. RESULTS Seventeen studies including 4156 breast cancer patients were identified. A high positive correlation was found between posttraumatic growth and resilience (r = 0.448, 95% CI: 0.370-0.519, p < 0.001), and region and publication type significantly moderated the relation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wan
- Institute of Nursing and Health, College of Nursing and Health Henan University, Jinming Avenue Kaifeng China
| | - Haitao Huang
- Institute of Nursing and Health, College of Nursing and Health Henan University, Jinming Avenue Kaifeng China
| | - Qianwen Peng
- Institute of Nursing and Health, College of Nursing and Health Henan University, Jinming Avenue Kaifeng China
| | - Nancy Xiaonan Yu
- Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China
| | - Yingming Zhang
- Institute of Nursing and Health, College of Nursing and Health Henan University, Jinming Avenue Kaifeng China
| | - Yueming Ding
- Institute of Nursing and Health, College of Nursing and Health Henan University, Jinming Avenue Kaifeng China
| | - Huifang Wu
- Institute of Business Administration, School of business, Henan University Kaifeng China
| | - Jiwei Hao
- Institute of Nursing and Health, College of Nursing and Health Henan University, Jinming Avenue Kaifeng China
| | - Guangli Lu
- Institute of Business Administration, School of business, Henan University Kaifeng China
| | - Chaoran Chen
- Institute of Nursing and Health, College of Nursing and Health Henan University, Jinming Avenue Kaifeng China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Rojas Perez OF, Sanchez SE, Cruz V, Sánchez E, Levey E, Gelaye B. Comparative Performance of the Resilience Inventory (IRES) and Resilience Scale-14 (RS-14) Spanish Versions Among Postpartum Adolescent Mothers. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT TRAUMA 2022; 15:1069-1080. [PMID: 36439676 PMCID: PMC9684388 DOI: 10.1007/s40653-022-00458-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We sought to evaluate the psychometric properties of two resilience scales; the Resilience Inventory (IRES) and the 14-item Resilience Scale (RS-14) among Peruvian postpartum adolescent mothers. This cross-sectional study included 785 adolescent mothers who delivered at a maternity hospital in Lima, Peru. The Spanish versions of IRES and RS-14 were used to evaluate the properties of the measures. We examined reliability using Cronbach's alpha. We used exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to assess the construct validity and factor structures of the two scales. Both scales had good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha > 0.7). Correlation between IRES and RS-14 scores was fair (r = 0.53). The EFA results of both scales yielded a three-factor structure. EFA including all items from IRES and RS-14 yielded a six-factor structure. CFA results corroborated the original seven-factor structure for IRES and yielded measures indicating a good level of goodness of fit (comparative fit index of 0.93) and accuracy (root mean square error of approximation of 0.07). Overall, Spanish language versions of both the IRES and the RS-14 are reliable and valid scales for assessing resilience among Peruvian postpartum adolescent mothers. Additional research is needed to integrate culturally-specific traits into resilience measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sixto E. Sanchez
- Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Peru
- Asociación Civil PROESA, Lima, Peru
| | - Victor Cruz
- Peruvian National Institute of Mental Health, Honorio Delgado – Hideyo Noguchi, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Elizabeth Levey
- The Chester M. Pierce, MD Division of Global Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Bizu Gelaye
- The Chester M. Pierce, MD Division of Global Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Surzykiewicz J, Skalski SB, Niesiobędzka M, Konaszewski K. Exploring the mediating effects of negative and positive religious coping between resilience and mental well-being. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:954382. [DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.954382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:The purpose of the study was to examine more thoroughly the relationship between trait resilience and mental well-being. Although research demonstrates that this relationship is partially mediated by stress-related variables, no study has taken into account the mediating role of religious coping. We examined the mediating role of both variants of religious coping, positive and negative, along with specific strategies within the scope of religious coping strategies in a group of practicing Catholics.Method:Participants were 317 people aged 19–60 years (M = 24.34; SD = 6.30). The respondents indicated their gender and age, and then completed the RS-14 (trait resilience), RCOPE (religious coping), and WEMWBS (mental well-being) scales.Results:The results displayed a significant relationship between resilience and mental well-being (r = 0.67; p < 0.001). The relationship between resilience and positive religious coping was negligible (r = 0.09; p = 0.74), contrary to the relationship between resilience and negative coping that was significant but weak (r = −0.29; p < 0.001). Although the relationships between overall negative and positive religious coping with mental well-being were irrelevant, we found significant relationships between some strategies and mental well-being. The mediation analysis has demonstrated that the general negative religious coping and the strategies of demonic reappraisal, passive religious deferral, and spiritual discontent have enhanced the positive relationship between resilience and mental well-being. Contrary to expectation, positive strategies did not mediate the relationship between resilience and mental well-being, except religious practices (c′path totaled β = 0.66; t = 15.74, p < 0.001). The insignificant mediation effect can stem from the fact that the relationship between positive religious coping and stress is noticeable only in the long term. We controlled age and sex as statistically significant covariates so that the mediation effects obtained were devoid of the influence of those critical variables on the models.Conclusion:This is the first study to investigate the role of religious coping as a mediator in the relationship between resilience and mental well-being.
Collapse
|
15
|
Linden B, Ecclestone A, Stuart H. A scoping review and evaluation of instruments used to measure resilience among post-secondary students. SSM Popul Health 2022; 19:101227. [PMID: 36177483 PMCID: PMC9513163 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
As mental health problems continue to increase among post-secondary populations, the need to develop effective initiatives designed to bolster students' resilience has increasingly been identified as a priority. Therefore, access to valid tools with which to measure the efficacy of these interventions is imperative. To date, a comprehensive assessment of existing instruments used to evaluate the construct of resilience among post-secondary student populations has not been conducted. The purpose of this study was to fill this gap by conducting a scoping review of literature detailing the use of resilience instruments and evaluating their quality based on suitability for use in the post-secondary setting and associated psychometric evidence. We identified a total of 78 records published between 2010 and 2022, extracting a total of 12 instruments. Using detailed criteria frameworks, each instrument was assessed in terms of suitability and quality of associated psychometric evidence for validity and reliability. The results of our study suggest that many of the instruments currently being used to assess resilience among post-secondary students may not be appropriate. The majority of the instruments included in our review were developed for use among general adult populations and not specifically designed for use in the post-secondary setting. Most instruments did not assess resilience in a comprehensive, holistic matter that addressed the ability to bounce back from adversity by drawing upon psychological, social, cultural, and environmental resources, as defined by recent research. Further, no instruments included in our review had published evidence in support of a complete psychometric analysis. The results of our evaluation suggest that the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) is the most suitable instrument for measuring resilience among post-secondary populations due to its suitability, comprehensive assessment of the construct of resilience, and demonstrably strong psychometric properties for both the 25- and 10-item versions of the tool.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brooke Linden
- Health Services and Policy Research Institute, Queen's University, 21 Arch Street, Kingston, ON, K7L 3L3, 343-333-6127, Canada
| | - Amy Ecclestone
- Health Services and Policy Research Institute, Queen's University, 21 Arch Street, Kingston, ON, K7L 3L3, 343-333-6127, Canada
| | - Heather Stuart
- Health Services and Policy Research Institute, Departments of Public Health Sciences, Psychiatry and School of Rehabilitation Therapy, Queen's University, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Gender and Psychosocial Differences in Psychological Resilience among a Community of Older Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12091414. [PMID: 36143198 PMCID: PMC9504613 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12091414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aimed at exploring gender and additional sociodemographic differences in psychological resilience, as well as the association between resilience and psychological distress in older adults, during the first lockdown in Italy, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants attended an online survey during the first lockdown in May 2020. Psychological distress was assessed through the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21, the Resilience Scale (RS) was administered to evaluate psychological resilience, and sociodemographic variables were also collected. The study involved 108 community older adults (mean age 70.02 ± 3.5 years). Comparisons revealed that women reported significantly lower total scores of RS (p = 0.027), as well as lower levels of resilience-related domains, namely Meaningfulness (p = 0.049), Self-Reliance (p = 0.011), Perseverance (p = 0.035), and Existential Aloneness (p = 0.014), compared to men. Significantly higher RS scores were found in older adults being involved in a relationship, compared to those not involved in relationships (p = 0.026), and in older adults with children (p = 0.015), compared to those without offspring, suggesting the importance for older adults of not dealing alone with such a dramatic and stressful event, such as the pandemic. Negative correlations were found between psychological resilience and stress, depression, and anxiety. Linear regressions revealed that lower RS total scores, as well as lower scores in the majority of the RS scales, were associated with greater levels of stress, greater levels of anxiety, and greater levels of depressive symptoms. This study suggested that older women might appear more vulnerable in facing the pandemic, compared to men; having not lived alone through the lockdown period might also be considered as a factor of resilience for older adults.
Collapse
|
17
|
Forycka J, Pawłowicz-Szlarska E, Burczyńska A, Cegielska N, Harendarz K, Nowicki M. Polish medical students facing the pandemic-Assessment of resilience, well-being and burnout in the COVID-19 era. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0261652. [PMID: 35073318 PMCID: PMC8786167 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent reports indicate that COVID-19 pandemic has significant influence on medical professionals' mental health. Strict limitations in clinical practice and social interactions within academic community, which had to be introduced, could lead to significant psychological distress in medical students. The aim of the study was to assess resilience, well-being and burnout among Polish medical students in the COVID-19 era. METHODS The online survey consisting of validated questionnaires assessing resilience (Resilience Scale 14; RS-14), well-being (Medical Student Well-Being Index) and burnout (Maslach Burnout Inventory) as well as self-created survey concerning mental health problems, use of stimulants, SARS-CoV-2 infection, work in COVID-19 units, medical education and social attitude towards health care professionals in the pandemic era was distributed via Facebook and other online students' platforms. 1858 MSs from all polish medical schools agreed to fill in the survey. RESULTS 'Very low', 'low' and 'on the low end' levels of resilience were found in 26%, 19.1% and 26.9% of the study group, respectively. Students with higher resilience level presented better attitude towards online and hybrid classes. 16.8% of respondents stated that they worked, currently work or plan to work voluntarily at the pandemic frontline. In terms of burnout, these respondents presented lower exhaustion (p = 0.003) and cynicism (p = 0.02), and higher academic efficacy (p = 0.002). That group also showed greater resilience (p = 0.046). The SARS-CoV-2 infection among respondents, their relatives and friends did not influence the results. 39.1% of respondents declared the need of the psychological or psychiatric consultation in relation to pandemic challenges. 231 (26.4%) participants previously diagnosed with mental health disorders noticed worsening of their symptoms. Increased intake of alcohol, cigarettes or other stimulants was noticed by 340 (28.6%) respondents. 80.2% of respondents thought that social aversion and mistrust towards doctors increased during the pandemic and part of them claimed it affected their enthusiasm toward medical career. CONCLUSIONS The majority of medical students presented low levels of resilience and high burnout at the time of pandemic. Providing necessary support especially in terms of mental health and building up the resilience of this vulnerable group seems crucial to minimize harm of current pandemic and similar future challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Forycka
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Kidney Transplantation, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewa Pawłowicz-Szlarska
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Kidney Transplantation, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Burczyńska
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Kidney Transplantation, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Natalia Cegielska
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Kidney Transplantation, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Karolina Harendarz
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Kidney Transplantation, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Michał Nowicki
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Kidney Transplantation, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hinduan ZR, Wedyaswari M, Reswara IP, Setyowibowo H. A Counseling Application as an Alternative Tool in Increasing Coping Self-Efficacy Among University Students With Academic Distress During Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic in Indonesia: A Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Non-Inferiority Trial. Front Psychol 2021; 12:712806. [PMID: 34777093 PMCID: PMC8581350 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.712806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic increased education-related distress among University students globally, including in Indonesia. Psychological factors, such as academic demands, limited opportunity to meet their peers, problematic use of technology, and domestic problems, influenced the well-being of the students, leading to poor academic performance. A mobile-based counseling application was developed to address the distress among University students. The application was meant to reach students living remotely to enable them to access psychological assistance. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to describe a protocol aimed to evaluate the equivalence of the application when compared to the Treatment-As-Usual (TAU) in increasing the coping self-efficacy (CSE) and resilience of students as well as in decreasing their level of depression. A two-armed parallel randomized control non-inferiority trial will be conducted among approximately 430 students with selected academic problems. The participants will be randomly allocated into the TAU and the intervention groups. The primary and secondary outcomes will be measured by the Indonesian versions of the Coping Self-Efficacy (CSE) Scale, the Resilience Scale (RS-14), and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). The data will be collected at baseline, at the end of each session, and after 3 months. The outcomes will be analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVAs, intention-to-treat, and per-protocol analysis. If proven, the application will be used as an alternative media in helping the students. Clinical Trial Registration: Thailand Clinical Trials Registry (TCTR20200530001); Date of registration: May 28, 2020.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahrotur Rusyda Hinduan
- Center for Psychological Innovation and Research, Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Miryam Wedyaswari
- Center for Psychological Innovation and Research, Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Ilham Phalosa Reswara
- Center for Psychological Innovation and Research, Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Hari Setyowibowo
- Center for Psychological Innovation and Research, Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Nuvey FS, Addo-Lartey A, Nortey PA, Addo KK, Bonfoh B. Coping with Adversity: Resilience Dynamics of Livestock Farmers in Two Agroecological Zones of Ghana. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:9008. [PMID: 34501600 PMCID: PMC8430896 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18179008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite the increasing occurrence of adverse events including droughts and conflicts, livestock farmers in Ghana continue to raise animals to support their livelihoods and the national economy. We assessed the resilience of cattle farmers (CF) to adverse events they faced using a cross-sectional survey of 287 CF in two agroecological zones in Ghana. Resilience to adversities was assessed using the Resilience Scale (RS-14). Resilience scores and categories were computed and factors that explained variations in resilience categories assessed. The farmers kept, on average, 31 cattle per household, with a majority (91%) also growing crops. Key adverse events confronting them in both districts were animal disease outbreaks, pasture shortages, and theft, with 85% (240/287) losing, on average, seven cattle (15% of the herd size) over a one-year period. The mean resilience score was 71 (SD = 8) out of 98; 52% were highly resilient. Resilience was higher in the southern district (72 versus 70), albeit not statistically significant (p = 0.06). The resilience significantly improved with age, each unit increase in cattle in the herd, and having experience raising livestock (p < 0.001). The CF have relatively high resilience to adverse events affecting their productivity. The findings provide relevant information for implementing mitigation measures to improve production by reducing animal mortalities through high-quality veterinary services.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francis Sena Nuvey
- School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra P.O. Box LG 13, Ghana; (A.A.-L.); (P.A.N.)
- Ghana Health Service, Ministry of Health, Accra P.O. Box M 44, Ghana
| | - Adolphina Addo-Lartey
- School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra P.O. Box LG 13, Ghana; (A.A.-L.); (P.A.N.)
| | - Priscillia Awo Nortey
- School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra P.O. Box LG 13, Ghana; (A.A.-L.); (P.A.N.)
| | - Kennedy Kwasi Addo
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Accra P.O. Box LG 581, Ghana;
| | - Bassirou Bonfoh
- Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d’Ivoire, Abidjan BP 1303, Côte d’Ivoire;
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4051 Basel, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 61, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zelviene P, Jovarauskaite L, Truskauskaite-Kuneviciene I. The Psychometric Properties of the Resilience Scale (RS-14) in Lithuanian Adolescents. Front Psychol 2021; 12:667285. [PMID: 34093364 PMCID: PMC8175371 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.667285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current study, we provided the evidence of satisfactory validity of the RS-14 scale in the Lithuanian adolescents' sample (N = 1299; M age = 14.24; SD age = 1.26), based on its internal structure, and relations to other variables. The results of the study indicated an acceptable model fit for a single-factor structure of the scale with a high internal consistency (McDonald's omega = 0.89). We also confirmed the scalar measurement invariance across groups of adolescents in terms of their age (i.e., early and middle adolescence) and mental health profile as well as partial scalar gender invariance. Adolescents characterized by high levels of socio-emotional problems reported lower levels of resilience, in comparison to adolescents that reported low levels of socio-emotional problems. However, the data indicated that adolescents from emotional problems and behavioral problems groups cannot be differentiated with the RS-14 scale.
Collapse
|
21
|
Konaszewski K, Skalski S, Surzykiewicz J. The Polish Version of the Resilience Scale 25: Adaptation and Preliminary Psychometric Evaluation. Front Psychol 2021; 12:668800. [PMID: 34054674 PMCID: PMC8161488 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.668800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The aim of the presented series of studies was to test the factor structure and assess the psychometric properties of the Resilience Scale 25 in the Polish population. It was developed and tested during the course of four independent studies analysing various aspects of the validation of the RS 25 questionnaire’s Polish version. Method: Study 1 concerned the procedure for developing the Polish language version. Study 2 (N = 2716) consisted of reliability tests and a confirmatory factor analysis. In Studies 3 (N = 733) and 4 (N = 431), the validity was assessed by examining the relationship between resilience and the assessment of ego-resiliency, the risk of depression, styles of coping with stress, perceived stress, and satisfaction with life. Results: The presented research results obtained using the measure indicate that it can be considered to be a reliable and valid research tool. A five-factor solution showed a good fit to the data: χ2/df = 12.85; RMSEA = 0.066 (low = 0.064; high = 0.068; 90% CI); GFI = 0.90; AGFI = 0.90. An assessment of the internal consistency was carried out on the basis of Cronbach’s alpha. The values achieved were satisfactory and indicate acceptable internal reliability of the questionnaire (0.89) and of the five dimensions: (1) purpose (0.65); (2) equanimity (0.65); (3) self-reliance (0.75); (4) perseverance (0.72); and (5) existential aloneness (0.66). In accordance with the predictions and earlier studies, resilience was correlated positively with ego-resiliency, a task-oriented style of coping with stress, and life satisfaction and negatively with perceived stress, the risk of depression, and an emotion-oriented coping style. Conclusion: The Polish version of the RS 25 allows the assessment of the intensity of resilience as a general indicator and its five constituting dimensions. Such a measurement seems to be important from the perspective of assessing the role of an individual’s resources in clinical psychology, health psychology, and psychotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Janusz Surzykiewicz
- Faculty of Philosophy and Education, Katholische Universität Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, Eichstätt, Germany.,Faculty of Education, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Delgado-Gallegos JL, Padilla-Rivas GR, Zuñiga-Violante E, Avilés-Rodriguez G, Arellanos-Soto D, Villareal HF, Cosío-León MDLÁ, Romo-Cardenas GS, Islas JF. Teaching Anxiety, Stress and Resilience During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evaluating the Vulnerability of Academic Professionals in Mexico Through the Adapted COVID-19 Stress Scales. Front Public Health 2021; 9. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.669057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
To mitigate the COVID-19 infection, many world governments endorsed the cessation of non-essential activities, such as the school attendance, forcing a shift of the teaching model to the virtual classroom. From this shift, several changes in the teaching paradigm derived, in addition to the COVID-19 pandemic, which could have an impact in academic professional's mental health. In the present work we show the application of a modified version of the adapted COVID-19 stress scales (ACSS) which also included teaching anxiety and preparedness, and resilience for academic professionals in Mexico. These scales were applied during the unprecedented transformation of the education system undergone in the COVID-19 quarantine. Most of the studied variables: gender, age, academic degree, household occupants, having a disease, teaching level, teaching mode, work hours, resilience, teaching anxiety and preparedness, and fear of being an asymptomatic patient (FOBAP), showed significant statistical correlation between each other (p < 0.050) and to the 6 areas of the ACSS (danger, contamination, social economical, xenophobia, traumatic stress, and compulsive checking). Our results further showed that the perceived stress and anxiety fell into the category of Absent to Mild, with only the danger section of the ACSS falling into the Moderate category. Finally, the resilience generated throughout the quarantine was very high, which seems to be a predictor of adaptation the academic professional has undergone to cope with stress.
Collapse
|
23
|
Delgado-Gallegos JL, Padilla-Rivas GR, Zuñiga-Violante E, Avilés-Rodriguez G, Arellanos-Soto D, Villareal HF, Cosío-León MDLÁ, Romo-Cardenas GS, Islas JF. Teaching Anxiety, Stress and Resilience During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evaluating the Vulnerability of Academic Professionals in Mexico Through the Adapted COVID-19 Stress Scales. Front Public Health 2021; 9:669057. [PMID: 34041219 PMCID: PMC8141807 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.669057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
To mitigate the COVID-19 infection, many world governments endorsed the cessation of non-essential activities, such as the school attendance, forcing a shift of the teaching model to the virtual classroom. From this shift, several changes in the teaching paradigm derived, in addition to the COVID-19 pandemic, which could have an impact in academic professional's mental health. In the present work we show the application of a modified version of the adapted COVID-19 stress scales (ACSS) which also included teaching anxiety and preparedness, and resilience for academic professionals in Mexico. These scales were applied during the unprecedented transformation of the education system undergone in the COVID-19 quarantine. Most of the studied variables: gender, age, academic degree, household occupants, having a disease, teaching level, teaching mode, work hours, resilience, teaching anxiety and preparedness, and fear of being an asymptomatic patient (FOBAP), showed significant statistical correlation between each other (p < 0.050) and to the 6 areas of the ACSS (danger, contamination, social economical, xenophobia, traumatic stress, and compulsive checking). Our results further showed that the perceived stress and anxiety fell into the category of Absent to Mild, with only the danger section of the ACSS falling into the Moderate category. Finally, the resilience generated throughout the quarantine was very high, which seems to be a predictor of adaptation the academic professional has undergone to cope with stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Luis Delgado-Gallegos
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Gerardo R. Padilla-Rivas
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico
| | | | - Gener Avilés-Rodriguez
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Arquitectura y Diseño, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Ensenada, Mexico
| | - Daniel Arellanos-Soto
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Jose Francisco Islas
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Skalski S, Konaszewski K, Dobrakowski P, Surzykiewicz J, Lee SA. Pandemic grief in Poland: adaptation of a measure and its relationship with social support and resilience. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 41:7393-7401. [PMID: 33935472 PMCID: PMC8064881 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-01731-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Millions of people are mourning the death of a loved to COVID-19. According to previous studies, the circumstances of coronavirus disease-related deaths may lead to dysfunctional grief. The purpose of this study was to introduce the Polish adaptation of the Pandemic Grief Scale (PGS) as well as to assess the relationship between dysfunctional grief due to a COVID-19 death, resilience and perceived social support. The adaptation was carried out on a general population sample of 286 individuals aged 18-54 years, with the evaluation being performed on a group comprising 214 people aged 18-78 years, who lost a loved one during the pandemic. The Polish version of PGS revealed a single-factor structure with strong internal consistency (α = 0.89). The PGS scores were associated with measures of complicated grief (Inventory of Complicated Grief), depression (Kutcher Adolescent Depression Scale) and lower resilience (Resilience Scale 14), which confirmed the scale's convergent validity. No relation between PGS scores and health behaviors (Inventory of Health Behaviors) was observed, which confirmed the scale's discriminant validity. The results of the bootstrapping technique revealed that resilience mediates the relationship between perceived social support (Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support) and dysfunctional grief (total mediation). The results of this study suggest the need for practitioners to focus on resilience-enhancing interventions and perceived social support in order to improve mental health in people who lost their loved ones during the new coronavirus pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Skalski
- Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 1 Jaracza Street, 00-378 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Janusz Surzykiewicz
- Faculty of Philosophy and Education, Catholic University of Eichstaett-Ingolstadt, Eichstaett, Germany
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sherman A. Lee
- Department of Psychology, Christopher Newport University, Newport News, VA USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zahid N, Martins RS, Zahid W, Khalid W, Azam I, Bhamani SS, Ahmad K, Jabbar A, Shamim MS, Khan RJ, Javed G, Bari E, Asad N, Enam SA. Resilience and its associated factors in brain tumor patients in Karachi, Pakistan: An analytical cross-sectional study. Psychooncology 2021; 30:882-891. [PMID: 33609048 DOI: 10.1002/pon.5661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study assessed resilience in brain tumor patients at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan (a lower middle-income country; LMIC) and explored its relationship with patients' sociodemographic factors, clinical characteristics, social support, and mental health. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted amongst adult (≥18 years) patients with brain tumor at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Pakistan. Resilience was assessed by Wagnild and Young's Resilience Scale, and patients' psychosocial characteristics by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Enriched Social Support Instrument. RESULTS A total of 250 patients were included (mean age: 44 years; 68% males), with majority (97.6%) having high social support and only 4.4% and 2% having symptomatic depression and anxiety, respectively. On multivariable linear regression adjusted for covariates, lower resilience was associated with not being involved in household decision-making (Adjusted Beta Coefficient: 4.58 [95% Confidence Interval:-7.59, -1.56]), not currently working (-2.80 [-4.61, -0.99]), undergoing multiple neurosurgical interventions such as tumor biopsies or resections (-8.64 [-13.11, -4.16]), receiving chemotherapy (-5.17 [-9.51, -0.83]) or combination adjuvant therapy (-2.91 [-5.14, -0.67]), low social support (-7.77 [-13.73, 1.81]), mild depression (-13.00 [-17.00,-8.99]) or symptomatic depression (-19.79 [-24.69, -14.89]), and mild anxiety (-4.24 [-7.98, -0.50]). CONCLUSION Our study highlights the function of familial/household role and working status in mediating resilience, and demonstrates the well-known protective effect of resilience for mental health in brain tumor patients in Pakistan, a South-Asian LMIC. These findings are of clinical relevance with regards to the development of culture-specific evidence-based resilience-building interventions that may help patients with brain tumors to cope with the psychological distress of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nida Zahid
- Department of Surgery, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Russell Seth Martins
- Medical College, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.,Research and Development Wing, Society for Promoting Innovation in Education, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Wajeeha Zahid
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Wardah Khalid
- Department of Surgery, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Iqbal Azam
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Khabir Ahmad
- Department of Surgery, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - AdnanAbdul Jabbar
- Department of Oncology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Rashid Jooma Khan
- Department of Surgery, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Gohar Javed
- Department of Surgery, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ehsan Bari
- Department of Surgery, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Nargis Asad
- Department of Psychiatry, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Syed Ather Enam
- Department of Surgery, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Konaszewski K, Niesiobędzka M, Surzykiewicz J. Resilience and mental health among juveniles: role of strategies for coping with stress. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2021; 19:58. [PMID: 33602278 PMCID: PMC7891003 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-021-01701-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental health is an important aspect of the process of individual adaptation and development. The present study analysed the role played by resilience in mental health while taking into account both positive and negative indicators among juveniles. The aim of the first study (Study 1) is to analyse the relationship between resilience and the broadly understood mental health of juveniles admitted to youth education centres. Study 2 aimed to understand the direct and indirect role of resilience in shaping the mental health of juveniles. In the model we tested, we looked at the relationship among resilience, coping strategies, and mental well-being. METHODS The first study involved 201 juveniles, and the second involved 253 juveniles. Resilience was measured by the Resilience Scale-14. Coping strategies were measured with the Brief-COPE Questionnaire, and information on mental health was obtained using the Kutcher Adolescent Depression Scale, the Satisfaction with Life Scale and the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale. RESULTS The results of both studies have shown that resilience is an important predictor of the mental health of juveniles, primarily with respect to its positive indicator. The stronger the severity of resilience, the greater the satisfaction with life and mental well-being of the juveniles surveyed. In addition, two coping strategies (seeking support from others and coping through emotions) mediated the relationship between resilience and mental well-being. CONCLUSIONS The results obtained indicate that work at the level of juvenile resilience leads to the strengthening of positive mental health indicators and buffering of negative indicators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karol Konaszewski
- Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
| | | | - Janusz Surzykiewicz
- Faculty of Philosophy and Education, Katholische Universität Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, Eichstätt, Germany
- Faculty of Education, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Sutherland SC, Shannon HS, Ayuku D, Streiner DL, Saarela O, Atwoli L, Braitstein P. Reliability and validity of the RS14 in orphaned and separated adolescents and youths in western Kenya. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241699. [PMID: 33232345 PMCID: PMC7685429 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The 14-item Resilience Scale (RS14) is a tool designed to measure psychological resilience. It has been used effectively in diverse populations. However, its applicability is largely unknown for Sub-Saharan adolescent populations and completely unknown for orphaned and separated adolescents and youths (OSAY), a highly vulnerable population for whom resilience may be critical. This study assesses the RS14's psychometric properties for OSAY in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya. METHODS Survey responses from a representative sample of 1016 OSAY (51.3% female) aged 10-25 (mean = 16; SD = 3.5) living in institutional and home-based environments in Uasin Gishu County were analyzed. The RS14's psychometric properties were assessed by examining internal consistency reliability, confirmatory factor analyses, and convergent validity using correlations between resilience and each of social support and depression. Sub-analyses were conducted by age and sex. RESULTS Resilience scores ranged from 14-98 (mean = 66; SD = 19) with no sex-based significant difference. Resilience was higher for those aged ≥18 (mean = 69; range = 14-98) versus age <18 (mean = 65; range = 14-98). Internal consistency was good (Cronbach's α = .90). Confirmatory factor analysis indicated a 1-factor solution, though the model fit was only moderate. Resilience was positively correlated with social support in all ages (.22; p < .001) and negatively correlated with depression in individuals age <18 (-.22; p < .001). The relationship between resilience and depression in individuals age ≥18 was statistically significant only in females (-.17; p = .026). CONCLUSION This study demonstrates reasonable evidence that the RS14 is both valid and reliable for measuring psychological resilience in the population of OSAY in western Kenya.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C. Sutherland
- Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Harry S. Shannon
- Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, Faculty of Health Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- Institute for Work & Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - David Ayuku
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - David L. Streiner
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Olli Saarela
- Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Lukoye Atwoli
- Department of Mental Health, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Paula Braitstein
- Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya
- Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare (AMPATH), Eldoret, Kenya
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya
- Regenstrief Institute, Inc, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Lenzo V, Quattropani MC, Musetti A, Zenesini C, Freda MF, Lemmo D, Vegni E, Borghi L, Plazzi G, Castelnuovo G, Cattivelli R, Saita E, Franceschini C. Resilience Contributes to Low Emotional Impact of the COVID-19 Outbreak Among the General Population in Italy. Front Psychol 2020; 11:576485. [PMID: 33250818 PMCID: PMC7672208 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.576485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 outbreak is severely affecting the overall mental health with unknown psychological consequences. Although a strong psychological impact is possible, scant evidence is available to date. Past studies have shown that resilience decreases the negative effects of stress. This study aimed to examine depression, anxiety, and stress among the Italian general population during the phase characterized by lockdown, and to investigate the role of resilience as a potential predictor. METHODS A total sample of 6,314 Italian people participated in this study. Participants were recruited between March 29 and May 04 2020 through an online survey. The Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21) and the Resilience Scale (RS) were administered. Demographic data and lockdown related information were also collected. A correlational analysis was carried out to examine relationships between psychopathological domains and resilience. Three hierarchical regression analyses were conducted using the depression, anxiety, and stress as dependent variables and the resilience as independent variable controlling for age, gender, and education. COVID-19 specific variables were also included in the three regression analyses. A further exploratory analysis was carried out to examine which aspects of resilience predict depression, anxiety, and stress. RESULTS The prevalence of moderate to extremely severe symptoms among participants was 32% for depression, 24.4% for anxiety, and 31.7% for stress. The sample mean scores on depression, anxiety, and stress were higher than the normal scores reported in the literature. Results of correlational analysis showed that resilience factors, such as meaningfulness, self-reliance, existential aloneness, and equanimity, are inversely associated with depression, anxiety, and stress. Results of regression analyses indicated that resilience was statically significant in predicting depression, anxiety, and stress. Geographic area of residence and infected acquaintances were also significant predictors. Regarding the resilience factors, results revealed that meaningfulness, perseverance, and equanimity were statistically significant in predicting all the DASS-21 scales. CONCLUSION About a third of respondents reported moderate to extremely severe depression, anxiety, and stress. The present study suggests that psychological resilience may independently contribute to low emotional distress and psychological ill-being. These findings can help explain the variability of individual responses during the COVID-19 outbreak.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Lenzo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Maria C. Quattropani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Alessandro Musetti
- Department of Humanities, Social Sciences and Cultural Industries, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Corrado Zenesini
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Daniela Lemmo
- Department of Humanistic Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Elena Vegni
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Lidia Borghi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Plazzi
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Gianluca Castelnuovo
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Psychology Research Laboratory, Ospedale San Giuseppe, Verbania, Italy
| | - Roberto Cattivelli
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Psychology Research Laboratory, Ospedale San Giuseppe, Verbania, Italy
| | - Emanuela Saita
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Chen W, Xie E, Tian X, Zhang G. Psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Resilience Scale (RS-14): Preliminary results. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241606. [PMID: 33125417 PMCID: PMC7598507 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, resilience has received extensive attention in psychology. The 14-Item Resilience Scale (RS-14) has been developed as a newer and shorter version of the resilience scale and has been applied in Western countries. In Eastern cultures, however, and particularly among Chinese populations, its factor structure remains unverified. The purpose of this study is to realize the first evaluation of the psychometric characteristics of the Chinese version of the RS-14 in young adults from Mainland China. METHODS The resilience scale, Connor-Davidson resilience scale, general health questionnaire 12, perceived stress scale 14, general self-efficacy scale and meaning in life questionnaire were used to investigate 1010 undergraduates (321 male college students, 689 female college students, aged 17-25 years; mean age = 20.27; SD = 1.572). We evaluated the item quality, latent structure, reliability, criterion validity and differential item functioning on the gender variable. RESULTS Through the analysis methods of exploratory and confirmatory factor-analytic, the original single-factor model has been proven to be applicable within the Chinese population. Both an adequate construct validity and an excellent degree of reliability were reflected in the data. In addition, test-retest evinced good stability. The current study interrogates associations with external criteria, as well as providing evidence in support of the RS-14. CONCLUSION To sum up, this study showed that the RS-14 is a reliable assessment for measuring resilience in China, and provides an alternative to the original scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- School of Psychology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
- Center for Big Data Research in Psychology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Enhui Xie
- The School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue Tian
- School of Psychology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
- Center for Big Data Research in Psychology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Guyin Zhang
- School of Psychology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
- Center for Big Data Research in Psychology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Konaszewski K, Niesiobędzka M, Surzykiewicz J. Validation of the Polish version of the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS). PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237038. [PMID: 32776953 PMCID: PMC7416919 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We conducted three studies to validate the Polish version of the BRS. Our objectives are as follows: first, to explore the dimensional structure of the scale and to determine the internal consistency (study 1: n = 1022); second, to determine the congruent and divergent validity of the BRS (study 2: n = 242); and third, to examine sensitivity of the BRS scale to detect high-risk population (study 3: n = 602). Methods To explore the dimensional structure of the scale, we tested a two-factor model with one factor for positively worded items and one factor for negatively worded items. To determine the congruent and divergent validity of the BRS, we analysed correlations among BRS and resilience, positive mental health, and with positive and negative religious coping. We used Student’s t-test to examine sensitivity of the BRS scale to detect a high-risk population. Results Based on the CFA, a bivariate model was confirmed for items positively and negatively formulated with a higher order factor, which indicates the homogeneity of the scale, similar to the analyses carried out for their language versions confirming this type of homogeneity of the scale. The internal compatibility assessment based on Cronbach’s Alpha and McDonald’s Omega is good (0.88). Our analyses intended to test convergent and divergent validity, and showed that the BRS results are significantly related to a questionnaire measuring similar constructions. Our validation studies also provided important diagnoses regarding BRS "sensitivity", indicating that groups with higher stress levels achieved lower BRS resilience results. Conclusion The results of our research indicate that the Polish version of the BRS should be considered to be a reliable and valid research tool. The Polish version of BRS is a reliable and accurate way of measuring resilience as the ability to bounce back from adversity and overcome various challenges or stressors. This scale may be used for both research and intervention purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karol Konaszewski
- Faculty of Education, University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Małgorzata Niesiobędzka
- Faculty of Philosophy and Education, Katholische Universität Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, Eichstätt, Germany
| | - Janusz Surzykiewicz
- Faculty of Education, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ershadi M, Davis P, Newaz MT. Systematic review of resilience measures: construction management graduates’ perspective. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/15623599.2020.1764751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Ershadi
- School of Architecture and Built environment, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Peter Davis
- School of Architecture and Built environment, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Mohammad Tanvi Newaz
- School of Architecture and Built environment, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Social and Behavioral Predictors of Adolescents' Positive Attitude towards Life and Self. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16224404. [PMID: 31717962 PMCID: PMC6888235 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16224404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Positive attitude is an important cognitive component of optimism. Although optimism has been widely studied in adolescents’ health, there is limited knowledge about social and behavioral determinants of their positive attitude. The aim of this study was to identify the main predictors of a positive attitude towards life and self in adolescence. Data were collected in 2010 from 2562 Polish adolescents, aged 15 to 17 years old, within the Health Behavior in School-Aged Children survey. A positive attitude was measured using the 4-item Positive Attitude Scale (PAS). Univariate analysis of variance was conducted and then hierarchical linear regression models adjusted for gender, age and family affluence were estimated. The mean PAS score was 13.25 (SD = 3.74), on the scale ranged 0–20. Eight out of 18 variables were included in the final model, which explained 25.1% of PAS variability. Communication in the family and with peers, as well as neighborhood social capital showed the strongest impact on positive attitude in adolescents. Physical activity, eating breakfast and school performance were also found to be important predictors. The results of the study highlight the need to include the development of interpersonal competences, promoting physical activity and supporting school performance, in adolescents’ mental health promotion programs, particularly in girls.
Collapse
|
33
|
Resilience, sense of coherence and self-efficacy as predictors of stress coping style among university students. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-019-00363-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe purpose of this study was to identify the personality predictors of individuals with a stress coping style. In the study, we have attempted to establish which traits play a crucial role in the prediction of tendencies applicable to a specific style of stress coping. In this study, all personality predictors were included in one model. The study was conducted with a group of 632 students. The results demonstrate a positive relationship between both self-efficacy and resilience with a task-oriented style of coping. Both traits related to a task-oriented style to a similar extent. The relationship between participants’ sense of coherence and task-oriented style was non-significant. Participants’ emotion-oriented style was negatively related with not just the sense of coherence variable, but also with self-efficacy and resilience. Significant predictors of avoidance-oriented styles were the sense of coherence and resilience variables. Further analysis of the two forms of avoidance-oriented styles demonstrate that the sense of coherence variable was a significant predictor of both engaging in substitute activities and seeking contact with other people. Resilience was a significant predictor solely with regard to seeking contact with other people.
Collapse
|