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Lucibello KM, Goldfield GS, Alberga AS, Leatherdale ST, Patte KA. Exploring the association between internalized weight bias and mental health among Canadian adolescents. Pediatr Obes 2024:e13118. [PMID: 38676448 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.13118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Internalized weight bias (IWB) has been identified as a correlate of higher depressive and anxiety symptoms in adolescents with higher weights. However, there has been limited investigation into how IWB relates to positive mental health and whether these associations differ across genders. OBJECTIVES To examine the associations between IWB and mental health (depression, anxiety, flourishing) in adolescents with higher weights, and to test the potential moderating role of gender. METHODS Canadian adolescents with higher weights (N = 7538, 60% boys, 36% girls, 4% gender diverse, ages 12-19) from the COMPASS study completed a survey during the 2021-2022 school year. Data were analysed using generalized linear models. RESULTS Highest IWB and poorest mental health were noted within gender diverse adolescents, followed by girls then boys. Gender moderated the relationship between higher IWB and higher depression, higher anxiety and lower flourishing, with the strongest relationships noted among girls. CONCLUSION IWB interventions should be tailored to gender subgroups that may be particularly vulnerable to maladaptive mental health outcomes associated with IWB. System-level changes that mitigate perpetuation of weight bias and discrimination which lead to IWB are also essential, particularly for girls.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gary S Goldfield
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Angela S Alberga
- Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Scott T Leatherdale
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Karen A Patte
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
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2
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Carels RA, Jansen E, Mansour L, Byrd R, Metzler AL. An examination of the unique contributions of body image and internalized weight bias to psychological well-being outcomes. Body Image 2024; 48:101668. [PMID: 38091859 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2023.101668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
High correlations between measures of internalized weight bias (IWB) and body image (BI) have resulted in concerns that IWB is conceptually redundant with BI. This investigation examined the contribution of the unique variance of BI and IWB on three important, weight-related factors: self-esteem, depressive symptoms, and body shame. The study included 403 participants recruited through a Qualtrics research panel. Participants were required to be aged 18 + and have a BMI > 25. The sample contained three equally represented, self-identified racial/ethnic groups: Black non-Hispanic (N = 140), Hispanic (N = 133), and White non-Hispanic (N = 130). When BI was entered in the first step of the regression model, it accounted for 14-40% of the variance in various models; the addition of IWB in step two contributed 11-18% of unique variance. By contrast, when IWB was entered in the first step, it accounted for 25-56% of the variance in various models, with the addition of BI contributing between 0% and 2% unique variance. Therefore, even with a high correlation among the constructs of IWB and BI, IWB was able to contribute unique variance in predicting depressive symptoms, self-esteem, and body shame, and is not redundant with the construct of BI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Carels
- Department of Psychology, East Carolina University, United States.
| | - Emily Jansen
- Department of Psychology, East Carolina University, United States
| | - Lydia Mansour
- Department of Psychology, East Carolina University, United States
| | - Rhonda Byrd
- Department of Psychology, East Carolina University, United States
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3
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Leget DL, LaCaille LJ, Pearl RL. Comparing measurement of internalized weight stigma and body dissatisfaction. Body Image 2023; 47:101622. [PMID: 37672860 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2023.101622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Respective conceptualizations of internalized weight stigma and body dissatisfaction are distinct; however, strong relationships between measures of these two constructs prompts consideration about if these are truly unique constructs or whether current measurement tools are not adequately capturing their uniqueness. In this cross-sectional study, 480 U.S. women (78.8% white; MBMI = 25.9) ages 18-40 years, recruited from Amazon's MechanicalTurk and a mid-sized university, completed an online survey with the Modified Weight Bias Internalization Scale (WBIS-M), a modified Body Parts Satisfaction Scale (BPSS), and other validated measures of body image, eating behavior, and mental health. Exploratory factor analysis of the WBIS-M and the BPSS supported a two-factor solution, although two items from the WBIS-M loaded with BPSS items. After removing these items, the 9-item version of the WBIS-M demonstrated stronger relationships with dysfunctional eating and mental health symptoms than did the BPSS (ꞵ range = 0.32-0.62 vs. 0.01-0.18, respectively). Findings from this study provide evidence to support the validity of WBIS-M and BPSS measuring unique constructs, suggesting that internalized weight stigma can be differentiated from body dissatisfaction. This study also highlights the need for further research that examines current measurement tools for internalized weight stigma and body dissatisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dakota L Leget
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota Duluth, 320 BohH 1207 Ordean Court, Duluth, MN, 55812, USA; Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, 1225 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
| | - Lara J LaCaille
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota Duluth, 320 BohH 1207 Ordean Court, Duluth, MN, 55812, USA
| | - Rebecca L Pearl
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, 1225 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
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4
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Saffari M, Chen IH, Huang PC, O’Brien KS, Hsieh YP, Chen JK, Chang YH, Jiang X, Bevan N, Chang YL, Chen JS, Tsai CC, Griffiths MD, Lin CY. Measurement Invariance and Psychometric Evaluation of the Tendency to Avoid Physical Activity and Sport Scale (TAPAS) Among Mainland Chinese University Students. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:3821-3836. [PMID: 37724136 PMCID: PMC10505390 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s425804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Preventative factors in young people's physical inactivity require further understanding, including related psychosocial factors (eg, body image and weight stigma). The Tendency to Avoid Physical Activity and Sport Scale (TAPAS) is a recently developed instrument to address this issue and the present study examined its psychometric properties among Chinese university students particularly in relation to patterns across sex, physical activity (PA) level, and weight status. Methods Using a convenience sample of 3142 students (mean age = 19.8 years; 56% female) in mainland China, data were collected using an online survey between August and October 2022. Psychometric instruments including the Weight Bias Internalization Scale, 21-item Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale, and International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form were administered along with the TAPAS to assess convergent and discriminant validity. Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) assessed the measurement invariance across specific groups. Results The unidimensional structure of the scale was confirmed through CFA (CFI=0.995; RMSEA=0.046). All configural, metric and scalar models of invariance indicated that the scale was invariant across sex, PA level, and weight status. Acceptable convergent and discriminant validity for the scale were found. Conclusion The TAPAS is a suitable instrument to assess body image and weight stigma concerns for avoiding physical activity and sport among Chinese university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Saffari
- Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Health Education Department, Faculty of Health, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - I-Hua Chen
- Chinese Academy of Education Big Data, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Po-Ching Huang
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kerry S O’Brien
- School of Social Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yi-Ping Hsieh
- Department of Social Work, College of Nursing and Professional Disciplines, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Ji-Kang Chen
- Department of Social Work, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Yun-Hsuan Chang
- Institute of Gerontology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Psychology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Institute of Genomics and Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Xingyong Jiang
- Yangan Primary School of Qionglai City, Qionglai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nadia Bevan
- School of Social Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yen-Ling Chang
- Department of Family Medicine, Cardinal Tien Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Sheng Chen
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chung Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Mark D Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Chung-Ying Lin
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Biostatistics Consulting Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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5
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Huellemann KL, Tremblay PF, Calogero RM. Effects of online self-compassionate writing on stigmatizing and affirming self-perceptions: Potential boundary conditions in undergraduate women. Body Image 2023; 46:406-418. [PMID: 37556910 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2023.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of an online self-compassionate writing intervention on stigmatizing and affirming self-views toward the body in a sample of college women (N = 254). Participants were randomly assigned to a self-compassionate writing, attentional-control writing, or wait-list control condition for one week, and completed measures of self-compassion, affirming self-perceptions, and stigmatizing self-perceptions at baseline, one-week post intervention, and one-month post intervention. A series of mixed AN(C)OVAs revealed no significant effects by condition or time on stigmatizing or affirming self-views toward the body when controlling for self-esteem, internalized weight stigma, and eating disorder symptomatology. Follow-up exploratory analyses demonstrated no significant effects by condition on the six facets of self-compassion. Notably, participants were significantly more likely to drop out from the study over time if they were lower in self-compassion and self-esteem, and higher in internalized weight stigma at baseline. These results suggest that online self-compassion writing interventions may need to be longer and more potent, especially for women with more entrenched and stigmatized views about their bodies, as well as potential boundary conditions of cultivating self-compassion in a short-term online intervention.
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Fekih-Romdhane F, He J, Malaeb D, Dabbous M, Hallit R, Obeid S, Hallit S. Psychometric properties of the Arabic versions of the Three-Item Short Form of the modified Weight Bias Internalization Scale (WBIS-3) and the Muscularity Bias Internalization Scale (MBIS). J Eat Disord 2023; 11:82. [PMID: 37221616 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-023-00805-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a lack of psychometrically sound measures to assess internalized weight and muscularity biases among Arabic-speaking people. To fill this gap, we sought to investigate the psychometric properties of Arabic translations of the Three-Item Short Form of the Modified Weight Bias Internalization Scale (WBIS-3) and the Muscularity Bias Internalization Scale (MBIS) in a sample of community adults. METHODS A total of 402 Lebanese citizens and residents enrolled in this cross-sectional study (mean age: 24.46 years (SD = 6.60); 55.2% females). Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was conducted using the principal-axis factoring and oblimin rotation to estimate parameters and the parallel analysis to determine the number of factors. CFA was conducted using the weighted least square mean and variance adjusted estimator which was recommended for ordinal CFA. RESULTS An Exploratory Factor Analysis of the WBIS-3 resulted in a robust single-factor solution for the three items. An examination of the factorial structure of the MBIS revealed a two-factor structure, which showed adequate model fit. We obtained excellent internal consistency as indicated by McDonald's ω coefficients of .87 for the WBIS-3 total score and ranging between .92 and .95 for the MBIS two factor scores. Cross-sex invariance of the MBIS was confirmed at the configural, metric, and scalar levels. Convergent validity was supported by significant correlations between the WBIS-3 and MBIS. Divergent and concurrent validity were approved by showing small to medium correlations between MBIS/WBIS-3 scores and muscle dysmorphia, disordered eating symptoms, and body image concerns. CONCLUSION Findings suggest that the Arabic versions of the WBIS-3 and MBIS are suitable for use in Arabic-speaking adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feten Fekih-Romdhane
- The Tunisian Center of Early Intervention in Psychosis, Department of Psychiatry "Ibn Omrane", Razi Hospital, Manouba City, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Jinbo He
- School of Humanities and Social Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, Guangdong, China
| | - Diana Malaeb
- College of Pharmacy, Medical Gulf University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mariam Dabbous
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rabih Hallit
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh, Lebanon
- Department of Infectious Disease, Bellevue Medical Center, Mansourieh, Lebanon
- Department of Infectious Disease, Notre Dame des Secours University Hospital, Postal Code 3, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Sahar Obeid
- Social and Education Sciences Department, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Jbeil, Lebanon.
| | - Souheil Hallit
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh, Lebanon.
- Psychology Department, College of Humanities, Effat University, Jeddah, 21478, Saudi Arabia.
- Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan.
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon.
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7
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Pearl RL, Wadden TA, Groshon LC, Fitterman-Harris HF, Bach C, LaFata EM. Refining the conceptualization and assessment of internalized weight stigma: A mixed methods approach. Body Image 2023; 44:93-102. [PMID: 36549092 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Internalized weight stigma has gained increasing attention in empirical studies, though questions remain about the adequacy of existing measures. The current study utilized a mixed methods approach, including a novel semi-structured interview, to revisit the conceptualization of internalized weight stigma and explore in more depth the stereotypes and impacts of weight reported by individuals with high scores on the widely-used Weight Bias Internalization Scale. All participants were interviewed as part of the screening procedures for two clinical trials (Study 1 n = 84, mean age=47.8 years, 83.3% women, 67.9% Black, mean BMI=39.2 kg/m2; Study 2 n = 129, mean age=50.0 years, 88.4% women, 65.1% white, mean BMI=37.8 kg/m2). The most common weight stereotypes identified were being lazy, lacking willpower or self-control, and having poor eating habits. Up to 66% of participants reported that they did not endorse negative weight stereotypes or apply them to themselves. The most highly identified impacts of weight were on self-image (>70%) and emotions (68-83%), followed by social (37-62%) and health concerns (20-25%). Approximately 60% of participants indicated that weight affected their self-directed thoughts and feelings "very much" to "extremely." Findings have implications for understanding and assessing internalized weight stigma in research and in clinical settings where interventions are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Pearl
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, P.O. Box 100165, Gainesville, FL 32610-0165, USA; Center for Weight and Eating Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3535 Market Street, 3rd Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Thomas A Wadden
- Center for Weight and Eating Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3535 Market Street, 3rd Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Laurie C Groshon
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, P.O. Box 100165, Gainesville, FL 32610-0165, USA
| | - Hannah F Fitterman-Harris
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, 2301 S. 3rd St., Life Sciences, Room 317, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Caroline Bach
- Center for Weight and Eating Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3535 Market Street, 3rd Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Erica M LaFata
- Center for Weight and Eating Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3535 Market Street, 3rd Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Gattino S, Czepczor-Bernat K, Fedi A, Brytek-Matera A, Boza M, Lemoine JE, Sahlan RN, Wilson E, De Piccoli N, Rollero C. Self-objectification and its biological, psychological and social predictors: A cross-cultural study in four European countries and Iran. EUROPES JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 19:27-47. [PMID: 37063692 PMCID: PMC10103054 DOI: 10.5964/ejop.6075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Although scholars started investigating self-objectification more than twenty years ago, only a few studies focused on men and even fewer have taken into account the cross-cultural dimension. Our study focused on the antecedents of self-objectification paying attention to the role of biological and sociodemographic variables (gender, BMI), psychological characteristics (self-esteem, perfectionism) together with social and cultural factors (internalization of media standards, influence of family and friends). Self-objectification was operationalized as Body Shame and Body Surveillance. A self-reported questionnaire was administered to 2165 adults living in four European countries (UK, Italy, Poland and Romania) and Iran. Ten regression models were performed (2 per country) to analyse the correlates of self-objectification. Overall, self-objectification emerged as a process affected by factors entrenched in psychological, biological, social and cultural domains, partially different for Body Shame and Body Surveillance. Findings showed the key role of self-esteem as a protective factor against Body Shame across countries. On the other hand, the internalization of media standards emerged as risk factor for both Body Shame and Body Surveillance in the five countries. Taken together, these results underline the complexity of self-objectification and the need to deepen research on this topic among non-Western countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Gattino
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Angela Fedi
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Mihaela Boza
- Department of Psychology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iaşi, Iasi, Romania
| | - Jérémy E. Lemoine
- School of Psychology, University of East London, London, United Kingdom
- ESCP Business School, London, United Kingdom
| | - Reza N. Sahlan
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Emma Wilson
- ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Health Service and Population Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Chiara Rollero
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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9
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COVID-19 phobia, response to the vaccine and the right of urban migrant dwellers in the Ghanaian slums. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN HEALTHCARE 2023. [DOI: 10.1108/ijhrh-06-2022-0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Purpose
This study investigate urban migrant dwellers’ gender and age differences in response to the specific phobia of COVID-19 and hesitancy toward vaccines in the slum settlements.
Design/methodology/approach
The study anchored on the two-factor model proposed by Mowrer (1939) and used a quantitative design approach with a convenience sampling method for data gathering among 362 urban migrants residing and working in the cities of Ghana. The study used the Mann–Whitney U test and the regression analysis for the analysis.
Findings
The result showed that there is a significant difference between males and females in their understanding of economic phobia, thoughts on social phobia and perception level of vaccine hesitancy. Additionally, there is a significant difference between age groups in their level of thoughts of psychological phobia, economic phobia and thoughts of vaccine hesitancy. Finally, the specific of phobias of COVID-19 are significant predictors of vaccine hesitancy.
Research limitations/implications
This research is slum-specific, which implies that the outcome cannot be generalized to other geographical settings.
Practical implications
The study demonstrates how a pandemic manifests itself to dwellers in slums. The outcome of the study sheds light on how policymakers appreciate the dynamics of the pandemic in a developing country, which may guide future responses to pandemics.
Originality/value
The outcome of the study sheds light on how policymakers appreciate the dynamics of the pandemic in a developing country, which may guide future responses to pandemics.
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Davidsen E, Pico ML, Sandøe P, Lund TB. "I am very critical of my body, but I am not a worthless person": A qualitative investigation of internalized weight stigma in Denmark. Front Psychol 2023; 13:1049568. [PMID: 36733862 PMCID: PMC9886864 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1049568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim The aim of this study was to explore how two of the main dimensions of internalized weight stigma (IWS), namely weight-related self-devaluation and distress, play out in the lives of people with excess weight (EW), and to study whether there are further dimensions of IWS. Method Ten informants with EW were included in this study. The sample size was determined prior to data collection based on available resources at the time of data collection. All informants both participated in in-depth interviews and responded to the questionnaire WBIS-2F consisting of the two subscales: weight-related self-devaluation and distress. The interview accounts were thematically coded and compared with the informants' scoring on WBIS-2F. Findings Seven themes were identified from the in-depth interviews: (1) devaluation of competencies, (2) self-blame, (3) bodily devaluation, (4) ambivalence, (5) anticipated stigma, (6) coping strategies, and (7) mental well-being. Overall, the informants scored low on the WBIS-2F subscale weight-related self-devaluation and high on the subscale weight-related distress. The qualitative findings echo the informants' scoring on WBIS-2F. However, novel aspects of IWS not covered by WBIS-2F were also identified. In particular, bodily devaluation presented itself as an integral part of IWS. Conclusion The two current dimensions of WBIS-2F were retrieved, but important additional aspects of IWS were also identified. Future research is needed to evaluate and test both qualitatively and quantitatively whether the additional aspects of IWS identified in this exploratory examination are separate constructs of IWS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Davidsen
- Health Promotion Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | | | - Peter Sandøe
- Department of Food and Resource Economics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark,Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Bøker Lund
- Department of Food and Resource Economics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark,*Correspondence: Thomas Bøker Lund, ✉
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11
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Liu W, Chen JS, Gan WY, Poon WC, Tung SEH, Lee LJ, Xu P, Chen IH, Griffiths MD, Lin CY. Associations of Problematic Internet Use, Weight-Related Self-Stigma, and Nomophobia with Physical Activity: Findings from Mainland China, Taiwan, and Malaysia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191912135. [PMID: 36231435 PMCID: PMC9566738 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Insufficient physical activity is a common problem for university students because they may engage in sedentary lifestyle owing to excessive time spent on their smartphones and social media use. This may result in problematic internet use (PIU) and nomophobia (fear of not having a mobile phone). Moreover, prior evidence shows that weight-related self-stigma is an important factor contributing to low physical activity. Therefore, the present study examined the associations between PIU, nomophobia, and physical activity among university students across mainland China, Taiwan, and Malaysia. Participants (3135 mainland Chinese, 600 Taiwanese, and 622 Malaysian) completed the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS), Smartphone Application-Based Addiction Scale (SABAS), Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMPQ), Weight Self-Stigma Questionnaire (WSSQ), and International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF). The measurement invariance of the assessed questionnaires was supported across the three regions. The present findings analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling showed that (i) greater nomophobia was associated with higher levels of physical activity, (ii) greater weight-related self-stigma was associated with higher levels of physical activity, and (iii) greater nomophobia was associated with greater weight-related self-stigma. Although the present findings suggest the possibility that experiencing some level of nomophobia or weight-related self-stigma appears to help improve physical activity, it is not recommended that these be encouraged, but reducing PIU should be targeted as a means to improve physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Chinese Academy of Education Big Data, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Jung-Sheng Chen
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
| | - Wan Ying Gan
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (W.Y.G.); (W.C.P.)
| | - Wai Chuen Poon
- Sunway University Business School, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya 47500, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (W.Y.G.); (W.C.P.)
| | - Serene En Hui Tung
- Division of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Ling Jun Lee
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Ping Xu
- Department of Educational Psychology, School of Leisure Sports and Management, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China
| | - I-Hua Chen
- Chinese Academy of Education Big Data, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Mark D. Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG1 4FQ, UK
| | - Chung-Ying Lin
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
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12
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Bidstrup H, Brennan L, Hindle A, Kaufmann L, de la Piedad Garcia X. Internalised Weight Stigma Mediates Relationships Between Perceived Weight Stigma and Psychosocial Correlates in Individuals Seeking Bariatric Surgery: a Cross-sectional Study. Obes Surg 2022; 32:3675-3686. [PMID: 36094627 PMCID: PMC9613718 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-022-06245-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Research suggests that internalised weight stigma may explain the relationship between perceived weight stigma and adverse psychological correlates (e.g. depression, disordered eating, body image disturbances). However, few studies have assessed this mechanism in individuals seeking bariatric surgery, even though depression and disordered eating are more common in this group than the general population. Materials and Methods We used data from a cross-sectional study with individuals seeking bariatric surgery (n = 217; 73.6% female) from Melbourne, Australia. Participants (Mage = 44.1 years, SD = 11.9; MBMI = 43.1, SD = 7.9) completed a battery of self-report measures on weight stigma and biopsychosocial variables, prior to their procedures. Bias-corrected bootstrapped mediations were used to test the mediating role of internalised weight stigma. Significance thresholds were statistically corrected to reduce the risk of Type I error due to the large number of mediation tests conducted. Results Controlling for BMI, internalised weight stigma mediated the relationship between perceived weight stigma and psychological quality of life, symptoms of depression and anxiety, stress, adverse coping behaviours, self-esteem, exercise avoidance, some disordered eating measures and body image subscales, but not physical quality of life or pain. Conclusion Although the findings are cross-sectional, they are mostly consistent with previous research in other cohorts and provide partial support for theoretical models of weight stigma. Interventions addressing internalised weight stigma may be a useful tool for clinicians to reduce the negative correlates associated with weight stigma. Graphical abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11695-022-06245-z.
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13
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Meadows A, Higgs S. Challenging oppression: A social identity model of stigma resistance in higher-weight individuals. Body Image 2022; 42:237-245. [PMID: 35816967 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Many higher-weight individuals have internalised societal weight stigma, devaluing themselves because of their weight. Rejecting and challenging societal devaluation is generally associated with superior outcomes compared with stigma internalisation or inaction; however, stigma resistance has not been studied in higher-weight individuals, despite ubiquitous weight stigma in daily life. Applying a social identity framework, we utilised decision tree analysis to explore predictors of responses to weight stigma in 931 self-classified higher-weight individuals. While ingroup identification with the group 'Fat' was the major predictor of stigma resistance (versus internalisation), perceived illegitimacy of societal weight stigma defined a subgroup of resisters even in the absence of group identity. Interventions focusing on the illegitimacy of unequal social status and treatment may be effective at reducing internalisation and fostering resistance in a population with characteristically low ingroup identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Meadows
- Department of Psychology, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK.
| | - Suzanne Higgs
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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14
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Argyrides M, Charalambous Z, Anastasiades E, Michael K. Translation and validation of the Greek version of the Modified Weight Bias Internalization Scale in an adult population. Clin Obes 2022; 12:e12503. [PMID: 34964553 DOI: 10.1111/cob.12503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Weight bias internalization (WBI) has been identified as a global public health concern, which is associated with significant psychological and physical consequences. Despite increased interest in WBI worldwide, cross-cultural research is limited by the lack of availability of validated measures. The aim of the current study was therefore to translate into Greek and validate the Modified Weight Bias Internalization Scale (WBIS-M), the most widely used instrument in the measurement of WBI. An online convenience sample of 642 participants (364 women and 278 men) completed the Greek translation of the WBIS-M and validated the measures of satisfaction with appearance, investment in appearance, weight/appearance anxiety, body appreciation, dysfunctional eating habits and global self-esteem to assess convergent validity. Principal factor and confirmatory analyses revealed that the WBIS-M upheld its one-factor structure. The WBIS-M showed adequate internal consistency, convergent validity and 3-week test-retest reliability. These findings provide support for the cross-cultural equivalence of the WBIS-M and for the utility of this measure in Greek-speaking populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marios Argyrides
- Department of Psychology, Neapolis University Pafos, Pafos, Cyprus
| | - Zoe Charalambous
- Department of Psychology, Neapolis University Pafos, Pafos, Cyprus
| | | | - Katerina Michael
- Department of Psychology, Neapolis University Pafos, Pafos, Cyprus
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15
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Internalised weight stigma as a mediator of the relationship between experienced/perceived weight stigma and biopsychosocial outcomes: a systematic review. Int J Obes (Lond) 2022; 46:1-9. [PMID: 34628466 PMCID: PMC8501332 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00982-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To systematically review studies that have assessed the mediating role of internalised weight stigma on the relationship between experienced/perceived weight stigma and any biopsychosocial outcomes. METHODS PsycINFO, PsycExtra, Web of Science, CINAHL, Medline and Embase were systematically searched. Identified studies were double screened (HB and XPG). RESULTS Seventeen studies (across 16 articles) met our inclusion criteria (N = 21,172), and almost all studies measured only psychological outcomes (n = 15). Eight studies found consistent evidence for internalised weight stigma as a mediator of the relationship between experienced/perceived weight stigma and disordered eating outcomes. Preliminary evidence was found for the mediating role of internalised weight stigma on the relationship between experienced/perceived weight stigma and body shame, body dissatisfaction, exercise behaviour, healthcare experiences and behaviours, bodily pain and parental weight talk. However, the findings were inconsistent for depression and anxiety, although only two studies reported these. CONCLUSION This review provides preliminary evidence for internalised weight stigma as an intervening variable in the relationship between experienced/perceived weight stigma and adverse health outcomes. Results suggest that there are potential benefits of interventions addressing internalised weight stigma to improve health outcomes. However, these findings must be considered in the context of the psychometric limitations of the Weight Bias Internalisation Scale, which was used in all but one study.
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16
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Macho S, Andrés A, Saldaña C. Validation of the modified weight bias internalization scale in a Spanish adult population. Clin Obes 2021; 11:e12454. [PMID: 33821573 DOI: 10.1111/cob.12454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Weight bias internalization has received considerable attention in recent years and has been associated with serious psychological and physical consequences in Westernized societies. The modified weight bias internalization scale (WBIS-M) is one of the most frequently used instruments for assessing internalized weight stigma across different body weight categories. The aim of this study was to adapt the WBIS-M for use in Spanish adult populations. The sample consisted of 678 participants from the Spanish general population recruited through the internet, 79.6% of whom were women. The scale was translated into Spanish and then backtranslated. To study the internal structure, a cross-validation analysis was carried out including both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses to assess the scale's psychometric properties. Internal consistency was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega and a test-retest was conducted to assess one-month stability. Results confirmed that the Spanish adaptation of the WBIS-M is an 11-item unidimensional scale, like the original version and shows excellent psychometric properties. In conclusion, the Spanish WBIS-M version seems to be a robust psychometric tool for use in clinical and research settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Macho
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology. Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Andrés
- Faculty of Psychology, Education and Sport Sciences, Ramon Llull University, Blanquerna, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmina Saldaña
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology. Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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17
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Stewart SJF, Ogden J. What are weight bias measures measuring? An evaluation of core measures of weight bias and weight bias internalisation. Health Psychol Open 2021; 8:20551029211029149. [PMID: 34377524 PMCID: PMC8323429 DOI: 10.1177/20551029211029149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Research exploring weight bias and weight bias internalisation (WBI) is grounded upon several core measures. This study aimed to evaluate whether operationalisations of these measures matched their conceptualisations in the literature. Using a 'closed card-sorting' methodology, participants sorted items from the most used measures into pre-defined categories, reflecting weight bias and non-weight bias. Findings indicated a high degree of congruence between WBI conceptualisations and operationalisations, however found less congruence between weight bias conceptualisations and operationalisations, with scale-items largely sorted into non-weight bias domains. Recommendations for scale modifications and developments are presented alongside a new amalgamated weight bias scale (AWBS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah-Jane F Stewart
- Sarah-Jane F Stewart, Department of
Psychology, University of Surrey, Stag Hill, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK.
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18
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Inconsistencies in the conceptualisation and operationalisation of internalized weight stigma: A potential way forward. Body Image 2021; 36:iii-v. [PMID: 33358360 PMCID: PMC8500548 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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19
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Pearl RL, Puhl RM, Lessard LM, Himmelstein MS, Foster GD. Prevalence and correlates of weight bias internalization in weight management: A multinational study. SSM Popul Health 2021; 13:100755. [PMID: 33718581 PMCID: PMC7920853 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2021.100755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Weight bias internalization (WBI) is an understudied form of internalized stigma, particularly among treatment-seeking adults with overweight/obesity. The current study surveyed 13,996 adults currently engaged in weight management in the first multinational study of WBI. From May to July 2020, participants in six Western countries completed the Modified Weight Bias Internalization Scale (WBIS-M) and measures of weight change, health behaviors, psychosocial well-being, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Participants were majority white, female, middle-aged, and categorized as having overweight or obesity based on body mass index. Results showed higher mean WBIS-M scores among participants in the UK, Australia, and France than in Germany, the US, and Canada. Across all countries, and controlling for participant characteristics and experiences of weight stigma, WBIS-M scores were associated with greater weight gain in the past year. Participants with higher WBIS-M scores also reported poorer mental and physical HRQOL, less eating and physical activity self-efficacy, greater engagement in eating as a coping strategy, more avoidance of going to the gym, poorer body image, and greater perceived stress. Few interaction effects were found between experiences and internalization of weight stigma. Overall, the current findings support WBI as a robust correlate of adverse weight-related health indices across six Western countries. Prospective and experimental studies are needed to determine directionality and causality in the relationship between WBI and poor health outcomes. Differences in weight bias internalization (WBI) were found between six Western countries. WBI was associated with weight gain in the past year across countries. WBI was associated with adverse weight-related health indices across countries. Associations with weight and health were stronger for WBI than weight stigma experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L. Pearl
- Center for Weight and Eating Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Corresponding author. Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, P.O. Box 100165, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
| | - Rebecca M. Puhl
- Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity, University of Connecticut, Hartford, CT, USA
- Department of Human Development & Family Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Leah M. Lessard
- Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity, University of Connecticut, Hartford, CT, USA
| | | | - Gary D. Foster
- Center for Weight and Eating Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- WW International, Inc., New York, NY, USA
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20
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Internalized weight stigma and the progression of food addiction over time. Body Image 2020; 34:67-71. [PMID: 32521429 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Food addiction is associated with elevated levels of eating pathology, body image concerns, and internalized weight stigma. The role of internalized weight stigma in the progression of addictive-like eating has not been explored. This longitudinal study explored the relative contributions of weight-related self-devaluation and fear of being stigmatized by others in predicting changes in addictive-like eating behavior over time. 305 young adults (Mage = 18.7 years, SD = 1.1, range 18-28, MBMI = 21.9 kg/m2, SD =3.7 kg/m2, range 13.7-38.9 kg/m2) completed online measures of "food addiction," weight-related self-devaluation, and fear of stigma from others at two time points (follow-up M = 280 days, SD = 30, range 155-474). At baseline, 7.9 % exhibited clinically relevant addictive-like eating behavior, 40.3 % self-classified as being "addicted to food", and 51.8 % neither. Using cross-lagged modelling, fear of being stigmatized, but not self-devaluation, was a predictor of worsening "food addiction" status over time. Fear of weight stigma, rather than weight-related self-devaluation per se, may be an important predictor of problematic eating behavior. As weight stigma is prevalent in Western populations, these findings have potential implications for the development of problem eating behaviors in non-clinical samples.
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21
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Meadows A, Higgs S. A bifactor analysis of the Weight Bias Internalization Scale: What are we really measuring? Body Image 2020; 33:137-151. [PMID: 32155463 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Internalized weight stigma (IWS) has been linked with disordered eating behavior, both directly, and as a mediator of the relationship between experienced weight stigma and maladaptive coping. However, the construct of IWS is highly correlated with the related constructs of body image and global self-esteem, and the three constructs may better be represented by underlying trait self-judgment. This overlap is not generally accounted for in existing studies. The present study investigated the shared variance between self-esteem, body image, and IWS in an international sample of higher-weight individuals. Bifactor analysis confirmed that the intermediary role of IWS in the relationship between experienced stigma and self-reported eating behavior was largely accounted for by aspects of body image and global self-esteem. Greater conceptual clarity in the study of IWS is needed to understand the mechanisms via which societal weight stigma impacts on individuals' self-directed judgments and downstream health-related behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Meadows
- School of Psychology, Western University, London, Ontario, N6A 5C2, Canada.
| | - Suzanne Higgs
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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22
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Meadows A, Higgs S. Internalised Weight Stigma Moderates the Impact of a Stigmatising Prime on Eating in the Absence of Hunger in Higher- but Not Lower-Weight Individuals. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1022. [PMID: 31139111 PMCID: PMC6519002 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A considerable body of evidence links internalised weight stigma with higher levels of disordered eating behaviour and cognitions in both normative- and higher-weight populations. However, to date, the impact of internalised weight stigma on objectively measured food intake has not been explored. In the present study, a weight-diverse sample of 158 non-smoking adults (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 n = 72, BMI < 25 kg/m2 n = 86) were recruited to a study on "The effects of hunger and satiety on information processing." Participants first completed a series of online questionnaires, then attended a lab visit in a fed state. Participants were randomised to read a sham news article on the negative consequences of either weight (stigma condition) or smoking (control condition) and answer some questions about the article. Then, under the pretence of a non-study-relevant break, participants were exposed to a pre-weighed selection of sweet and savoury snacks for 15 min. Mood and hunger levels were assessed prior to and after reading the vignette, and after the break. In contrast to the relationship with self-report eating behaviour, internalised weight stigma was not a significant independent predictor of total energy intake and did not moderate the relationship between exposure to the stigma prime and calories consumed. However, differences emerged on the basis of participants' weight status. Higher-weight participants with high levels of internalised weight stigma consumed fewer snack calories following exposure to a weight-stigma prime compared with a neutral prime (B = -137, SE = 58, t = -2.35, p = 0.020, 95% CI -252, -22) whereas those with low levels of internalised weight stigma tended to eat more in the weight stigma condition (B = 118, SE = 62, t = 1.91, p = 0.059, 95% CI -4, 241). In normative-weight participants, no differences in energy intake by levels of internalised weight stigma were observed. These findings suggest differences in the relationships between internalised weight stigma and self-reported disordered eating behaviour versus eating in the absence of hunger (EAH) measured under laboratory conditions. Additionally, internalised weight stigma appears to have differential effects on response to stigma in higher-weight and normative-weight individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Meadows
- School of Psychology, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Suzanne Higgs
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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