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Idoiaga Mondragon N, Eiguren Munitis A, Berasategi Sancho N, Ozamiz Etxebarria N. Drawing the COVID-19 pandemic: how do children incorporate the health crisis and its consequences into their everyday thinking? Psychol Health 2024; 39:379-398. [PMID: 35438017 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2022.2066103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The general objective of this research was to explore how children understand and represent COVID-19 health crisis in their everyday thinking. DESIGN This research is based on a qualitative interpretive research methodology that uses 6-12 years children's drawings from San Sebastian (Basque Country, northern of Spain) to collect data. This technique allows children to visualize how they face this situation through a tool that promotes expression of their feelings and representations. RESULTS A total of 345 drawings were collected, and 949 elements related to the different coded categories were coded. The themes that have arisen were related to symbols of the pandemic (n = 307, 32.34%), emotions (n = 290, 30.55%), actions carried out (n = 258, 27.18%) and socialization (n = 94, 9.90%). No differences by age-range were found. CONCLUSIONS Children have a realistic representation of the COVID-19 virus and its consequences, which closely resembles the representation shown by the media and society. The children show a good understanding of the new measures and social rules associated with the pandemic. They are also very aware of the need to support their emotions by different spheres (family, educational and social context). Alternative play activities and art-based education must be promoted, avoiding the abuse of screens to reinforce their well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahia Idoiaga Mondragon
- Department of Evolutionary and Educational Psychology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Spain
| | - Amaia Eiguren Munitis
- Department Didactics and School Organisation, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Spain
| | | | - Naiara Ozamiz Etxebarria
- Department of Evolutionary and Educational Psychology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Spain
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Alsamih M. Social representation of masculine and feminine sports among Saudi adolescents. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1337157. [PMID: 38596325 PMCID: PMC11002895 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1337157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study examined how certain sports are represented as masculine or feminine in Saudi adolescents, namely, which sports adolescents associate with males and which sports they associate with females. Previous research aligned with this concern was conducted within Western culture; however, there is a need to shed light on how the issues of social representation of masculine and feminine sports affect other cultures such as Middle Eastern cultures. Methods A survey was completed by 280 Saudi adolescents, aged between 12 and 17 (M = 13.5, SD = 1.3). The survey contained open-ended recall questions that asked participants to name three masculine, feminine, and natural sports. Results Most participants were familiar with using feminine and masculine terminology to describe sports, and nearly half had personally used gendered terms to describe sports. Overall, the participants generated 2,195 names of various sports, with the majority classified as natural (appropriate for both men and women), many masculine, and the fewest feminine. Discussion The connection between specific sports and masculinity or femininity can restrict the activities of adolescents who do not conform to traditional gender roles. Also, adolescents who are interested in sports that are not typically associated with their gender may experience social stigma or exclusion, which can discourage their participation. Therefore, it is important to establish inclusive environments in sports, regardless of the gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munirah Alsamih
- Department of Psychology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Stjernswärd S, Tilgmann C, Glasdam S. The Ethics of Using News Stories concerning Minors as Empirical Material in Health Research: Reflections on a Swedish Case. Ethics Hum Res 2024; 46:26-36. [PMID: 38240397 DOI: 10.1002/eahr.500197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
In 2021, we were designing a research study in Sweden in which we planned to use newspaper articles focusing on children and adolescents under the age of eighteen during the Covid-19 pandemic as empirical material. As we developed this study, an ethical question arose: do studies using journalistic articles that may contain health information about individuals as empirical material have to be approved by an ethics review committee? Sweden, in contrast to other countries, requires the approval of an ethics review committee for the use of publicly available material in research when such material might include sensitive personal data such as health-related information. This case study calls for harmonized laws and policies that support global research by clarifying what kinds of empirical material and what types of research must be assessed by national ethics review committees, including with consideration for children's safety and rights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigrid Stjernswärd
- Associate professor at Health-Promoting Complex Interventions in the Department of Health Sciences at the Faculty of Medicine at Lund University
| | - Carola Tilgmann
- Adjunct professor at the Faculty of Medicine at Lund University
| | - Stinne Glasdam
- Associate professor in Integrative Health Research in the Department of Health Sciences at the Faculty of Medicine at Lund University
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Liao CH, Hsu CC. Exploring determinants of formation of cognitive anchors from altruistic messages: A fuzzy DEMATEL approach. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293841. [PMID: 37930993 PMCID: PMC10627445 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Altruistic communication by non-profit organizations plays a crucial role in shaping individuals' perceptions and beliefs about altruism. One of the indicators of effective communication is the anchoring of the messages. Therefore, understanding the underlying determinants of anchoring in altruistic communication is essential. Despite the importance of anchoring in the communication of altruism, extant research has not done much to examine the determinants of anchoring in altruistic communication. This paper investigates the determinants of anchoring in non-profit organizations' altruistic communication through the lens of the dual process theory. It applies the Fuzzy Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (F-DEMATEL) method to analyze the causal and effect factors. Data were gathered from 12 social communication experts based in Taiwan. Out of the 12 proposed determinants, three factors, namely consistency, cultural consideration, and emotional anchoring, were established as significant causal factors. Consistency had causal effects on five other factors, namely, the use of metaphors, the use of antinomies, thematic anchoring, understanding the cognitive ability of the audience, and crafting engaging information. Cultural consideration had causal effects on feedback, naming, use of antinomies, thematic anchoring, emotional anchoring, and repetition. Emotional anchoring had causal effects on thematic anchoring, use of antinomies, use of metaphors, consistency, naming, feedback, understanding the cognitive ability of the audience, and repetition. On the other hand, feedback, naming, and use of antinomies were established as significant effect factors. The study's findings offer crucial contributions to the social communication literature and provide important insights for social communication practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Horng Liao
- Department of Communication Studies, Tzu Chi University, Hualien City, Taiwan
- Bachelor Program in Digital Media and Technology, Tzu Chi University, Hualien City, Taiwan
- Media Production and Education Center, Tzu Chi University, Hualien City, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Chia Hsu
- Bachelor Program in Digital Media and Technology, Tzu Chi University, Hualien City, Taiwan
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Woodland L, Smith LE, Brooks SK, Webster RK, Amlôt R, Rubin A, Rubin GJ. Parent-reported child's close contact with non-household family members and their well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional survey. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292344. [PMID: 37856464 PMCID: PMC10586646 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In England (UK), at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic the public were required to reduce their physical contacts to slow the spread of COVID-19. We investigated the factors associated with children having: 1) close contact with family members from outside their household ('non-adherent behaviour'); and 2) low well-being (Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale). We conducted an online cross-sectional survey, completed at any location of the participant's choice between 8 and 11 June 2020 in parents (n = 2,010) who were aged eighteen years or over and had a school-aged child (4-18 years old). Parents reported that 15% (n = 309) of children had non-adherent contact and that 26% (n = 519) had low well-being. We used a series of binary logistic regressions to investigate associations between outcomes and child and parent characteristics. Children had higher odds of having non-household contact when they had special educational needs [adjusted odds ratio, 2.19 (95% CI, 1.47 to 3.27)], lower well-being [2.65 (95% CI, 2.03 to 3.46)], were vulnerable to COVID-19 [2.17 (95% CI, 1.45 to 3.25)], lived with someone who was over 70 years old [2.56 (95% CI, 1.55 to 4.24)] and their parent had low well-being [1.94 (95% CI, 1.45 to 2.58)]. Children had higher odds of lower well-being when they had special educational needs [4.13 (95% CI, 2.90 to 5.87)], were vulnerable to COVID-19 [3.06 (95% CI, 2.15 to 4.36)], lived with someone else who was vulnerable to COVID-19 [2.08 (95% CI, 1.64 to 2.64)], or lived with someone who was over 70 years old [2.41 (95% CI, 1.51 to 3.83)]. Many children came into contact with non-household family members, mainly for childcare. Factors relating to COVID-19, children's well-being and education were also important. If school closures are needed in future, addressing these issues may help reduce contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Woodland
- Department of Psychological Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emergency Preparedness and Response, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Louise E. Smith
- Department of Psychological Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emergency Preparedness and Response, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Samantha K. Brooks
- Department of Psychological Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emergency Preparedness and Response, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca K. Webster
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Amlôt
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emergency Preparedness and Response, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Behavioural Science and Insights Unit, UK Health Security Agency, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Antonia Rubin
- Trustee at Weald of Kent Grammar School, Tonbridge, Kent, United Kingdom
| | - G. James Rubin
- Department of Psychological Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emergency Preparedness and Response, Bristol, United Kingdom
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López-Aymes G, Valadez Sierra MDLD, Borges Á, Ortiz Coronel GE, Flores-Bravo JF, Rodríguez-Cervantes CJ, Ruvalcaba-Romero NA. Knowledge about COVID-19 between Children and Adolescents with and without High Intellectual Abilities. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2408. [PMID: 37685443 PMCID: PMC10487540 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11172408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the characteristics within people with high intellectual abilities, some that stand out are a better handling of information, asynchronous development, high awareness, and sensibility. Therefore, our goal was to learn if, due to these characteristics, the children and adolescents with high intellectual abilities have a better understanding and comprehension about COVID-19 compared to those with average intellectual abilities. A qualitative study was conducted at the beginning of the lockdown with 649 children with and without high intellectual abilities. An online questionnaire was used and three open questions were analyzed with the ALCESTE software. The results showed that both groups had a similar handling of the information regarding COVID-19. Despite this, in the high ability group there is a greater social concern, which coincides with some characteristics associated with a more developed moral conscience. The results are then discussed in terms of the importance of designing actions that allow us to adequately follow the control and intervention strategies, as well as to propose improvements in the communication of relevant information before diverse crises to which the child population may be exposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela López-Aymes
- Transdisciplinary Research Center in Psychology, Autonomous University of the State of Morelos, Cuernavaca 62350, Mexico
| | - María de los Dolores Valadez Sierra
- Institute of Psychology and Special Education, Department of Applied Psychology, University Center for Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico; (G.E.O.C.); (J.F.F.-B.); (N.A.R.-R.)
| | - África Borges
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Psychobiology and Methodology, University of La Laguna, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain;
| | - Grecia Emilia Ortiz Coronel
- Institute of Psychology and Special Education, Department of Applied Psychology, University Center for Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico; (G.E.O.C.); (J.F.F.-B.); (N.A.R.-R.)
| | - Juan Francisco Flores-Bravo
- Institute of Psychology and Special Education, Department of Applied Psychology, University Center for Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico; (G.E.O.C.); (J.F.F.-B.); (N.A.R.-R.)
| | | | - Norma A. Ruvalcaba-Romero
- Institute of Psychology and Special Education, Department of Applied Psychology, University Center for Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico; (G.E.O.C.); (J.F.F.-B.); (N.A.R.-R.)
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Raudenska J, Gumančík J, Raudenský M, Pasqualucci A, Moka E, Varrassi G, Paladini A, Javurkova A. Cognitive-Behavioral Play Therapy and COVID-19 Pandemic Trauma in Preschool Children. Cureus 2023; 15:e44249. [PMID: 37772203 PMCID: PMC10524805 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.44249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic life events, such as the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, can be a challenging health emergency, among others. The pandemic can also affect young preschoolers. They can experience negative emotions and behavioral and social difficulties. It can be hard for children to understand on their own what is going on, as well as for their families. This narrative review summarizes the role of psychotherapeutic approaches in working with trauma and aims to manage trauma, such as COVID-19, in preschool children. It focuses on the possibilities of applying cognitive-behavioral play therapy (CBPT) in preschool children who suffer from trauma during the COVID-19 pandemic period. The therapeutic approaches are tailored to specific development in preschoolers. Furthermore, the article provides insights into the relationship between negative emotions, thinking, and behavior, and COVID-19 as a threat, by describing a cognitive model in preschool-aged children. Finally, the article offers possible ways of applying play-based cognitive-behavioral therapy programs in preschool children who are victims of trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslava Raudenska
- Department of Nursing, Second Medical Faculty of Charles University, Prague, CZE
| | - Jiří Gumančík
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Northumbria in Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, GBR
| | | | - Alberto Pasqualucci
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Perugia, Perugia, ITA
| | - Eleni Moka
- Department of Anesthesiology, Creta InterClinic, Heraklion, GRC
| | | | - Antonella Paladini
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences (MESVA), University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, ITA
| | - Alena Javurkova
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University Hospital Královské Vinohrady, Prague, CZE
- Department of Nursing, Second Medical Faculty of Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, CZE
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Jones K, Hughes B. Children's Experiences of Death Anxiety and Responses to the Covid-19 Pandemic. ILLNESS, CRISES, AND LOSS 2023; 31:558-575. [PMID: 38603162 PMCID: PMC9149661 DOI: 10.1177/10541373221100899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore children's experience and responses to the Covid-19 pandemic through their illustrations and short narrations. During October 2020 and January 2021 data was collected from thirteen children aged 9-10 years old in a primary school in the North-West of England. Children were asked to draw their thoughts and feelings about the pandemic and to write a short narration to accompany the drawing. Thematic analysis of data revealed that during the pandemic children at this age have an understanding of death, experience death anxiety and are able to use creative expression to facilitate meaning of the impact of lockdown on their lives such as feeling isolated, lonely, sad and bored. Creative expression also facilitated adaptive coping mechanisms derived from being able to spend more time with family. The data on primary school children is part of a larger study which involved surveys and interviews with children aged 12-16 years in secondary schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Jones
- The Open University, Buckinghamshire, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Ben Hughes
- The Open University, Buckinghamshire, Milton Keynes, UK
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Shokrkon A, Nicoladis E. Mental health in Canadian children and adolescents during COVID-19 pandemic: the role of personality and, coping and stress responses. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1190375. [PMID: 37404585 PMCID: PMC10315680 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1190375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In December 2019, the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic first emerged in China and quickly spread to other countries. Previous studies have shown that the COVID-19 pandemic and the consequences have negatively impacted the mental health of adults. Individual differences such as personality could contribute to mental health. Furthermore, coping and responses to stress may affect an individual's response to the pandemic. In the past, studies have only investigated this relationship in adults. In the current study, we examine how personality traits (using the Five-Factor Model as our framework) and Coping and Response to COVID-19 stress are related to the mental health of Canadian children and adolescents during the pandemic. Using parent reports of 100 preschoolers and 607 6-18-year-old children, we performed multiple regression analysis to explore how personality traits predict the effects of COVID-19 on mental health. The results showed that personality traits are associated with the mental health of Canadian youth during the COVID-19 pandemic. In preschoolers, Neuroticism and Agreeableness predicted the most mental health problems, and in 6-18-year-old children, Extraversion negatively predicted the most mental health problems. Also, Openness to Experience was the weakest predictor of mental health status in Canadian youth. These findings could be useful in understanding children's responses to the COVID-19 pandemic and could assist public health services delivering mental health services specifically tailored to children's personalities during and after this pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anahita Shokrkon
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Elena Nicoladis
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
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Levante A, Martis C, Bianco F, Castelli I, Petrocchi S, Lecciso F. Internalizing and externalizing symptoms in children during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic mixed studies review. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1182309. [PMID: 37397311 PMCID: PMC10313408 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1182309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Given the vulnerability of children during the COVID-19 pandemic, paying close attention to their wellbeing at the time is warranted. The present protocol-based systematic mixed-studies review examines papers published during 2020-2022, focusing on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children's internalizing/externalizing symptoms and the determinants thereof. Method PROSPERO: CRD42022385284. Five databases were searched and the PRISMA diagram was applied. The inclusion criteria were: papers published in English in peer-reviewed journals; papers published between January 2020 and October 2022 involving children aged 5-13 years; qualitative, quantitative, and mixed studies. The standardized Mixed Method Appraisal Tool protocol was used to appraise the quality of the studies. Results Thirty-four studies involving 40,976 participants in total were analyzed. Their principal characteristics were tabulated. The results showed that children's internalizing/externalizing symptoms increased during the pandemic, largely as a result of disengagement from play activities and excessive use of the internet. Girls showed more internalizing symptoms and boys more externalizing symptoms. Distress was the strongest parental factor mediating children's internalizing/externalizing symptoms. The quality of the studies was appraised as low (n = 12), medium (n = 12), and high (n = 10). Conclusion Gender-based interventions should be designed for children and parents. The studies reviewed were cross-sectional, so long-term patterns and outcomes could not be predicted. Future researchers might consider a longitudinal approach to determine the long-term effects of the pandemic on children's internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022385284, identifier: CRD42022385284.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Levante
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
- Lab of Applied Psychology, Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Chiara Martis
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Federica Bianco
- Department of Human and Social Science, University of Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Ilaria Castelli
- Department of Human and Social Science, University of Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Serena Petrocchi
- Lab of Applied Psychology, Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Flavia Lecciso
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
- Lab of Applied Psychology, Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
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Montreuil M, Camden C, Genest C, Gilbert E, Laberge-Perrault E, Piché G, Rassy J, Bogossian A, Gendron-Cloutier L, Barbo G. Children and adolescents' mental health in pandemics and confinement: A scoping review of vulnerability factors and repercussions. J Child Health Care 2023:13674935231165554. [PMID: 37146991 PMCID: PMC10164454 DOI: 10.1177/13674935231165554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Children and adolescents are a population at particular risk of experiencing adverse mental health repercussions related to pandemics. To understand vulnerability factors and repercussions of pandemics and related sanitary measures on children and adolescents' mental health, we performed a scoping review to examine and synthesize literature. In total, 66 articles were included. Results present: (1) factors that increase vulnerability to adverse mental health repercussions (e.g., having a pre-existing mental health condition, social isolation, low socio-economic status, parental distress, and overexposure to media content) and (2) specific mental health repercussions (e.g., anxiety, fear, depression, and externalizing behaviors). Addressing concerns underlined in this review could contribute to preventing further negative mental health repercussions of pandemics for children and adolescents and better prepare governments and professionals to address these highly challenging situations. Recommendations for practice include enhancing healthcare professionals' awareness about possible detrimental repercussions pandemics and sanitary measures have on children and adolescents' mental health, assessing changes for those with pre-existing mental health conditions, allocating funding for telehealth research, and providing greater support to healthcare providers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chantal Camden
- School of rehabilitation, Université de Sherbrooke (Universite de Sherbrooke), Sherbrooke QC, Canada
| | - Christine Genest
- School of Nursing, Université de Montréal (Universite de Montreal), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Elsa Gilbert
- Department of Health Sciences, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Lévis (Universite du Quebec a Rimouski, Levis), Lévis, QC, Canada
| | | | - Geneviève Piché
- Department of Psychology and Psychoeducation, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Saint-Jérôme (Universite du Quebec en Outaouais, Saint-Jerome), Saint-Jérôme, QC, Canada
| | - Jessica Rassy
- School of rehabilitation, Université de Sherbrooke (Universite de Sherbrooke), Sherbrooke QC, Canada
| | - Aline Bogossian
- School of Nursing, Université de Montréal (Universite de Montreal), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Geneveave Barbo
- Ingram School of Nursing, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Relvas AP, Lacomba-Trejo L, Portugal A, Chiarolanza C, Major S, Rosa C, Sotero L, Randall AK. YES, WE COPE: Dyadic Coping as a Mediator Between Perceived Relationship Quality and Emotional Representation of COVID-19. COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH 2023; 47:1-11. [PMID: 37363748 PMCID: PMC10156576 DOI: 10.1007/s10608-023-10379-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has brought about social changes that have impacted the functioning and dynamics of couples in a romantic relationship, arising from the overwhelming amount of added stress they have endured. Specifically, the divorce rate in Portugal has increased after lockdown, which underscores the adverse consequences of COVID-19 on couples. A lower quality of the couple's relationship may worsen the emotional representation of COVID-19; however, the literature suggests that perceived partner dyadic coping responses have a great influence on adverse events. The aim of the present study was to assess the mediating role of partner coping in the association between relationship quality and emotional representation of COVID-19. We also sought to observe whether the length of the relationship moderates this association. Methods Participants (N = 528) were adults living in Portugal (84.7% female) currently in a romantic relationship with their current partner for at least 1 year. Online data collection. Results We found that relationship quality predicted COVID-19 emotional representation, but this association was fully mediated by total dyadic coping. This association was especially significant in couples with a shorter length of time in the relationship. Conclusions We point out the importance of dyadic coping as a protective factor against emotional distress to cope with the ongoing stressors associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. These data suggest the need for relationship education programs that promote positive coping between partners. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10608-023-10379-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Relvas
- Present Address: Center for Social Studies, University of Coimbra & Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3000-115 Portugal
- Center of Social Studies, University of Coimbra & Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3000-115 Portugal
| | - Laura Lacomba-Trejo
- Department of Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Speech Therapy, Universitat de València, Av. Blasco Ibáñez, 21. 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alda Portugal
- Center of Social Studies, University of Coimbra, 3000-115 Coimbra & Department of Psychology, University of Madeira, 9020-105, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Claudia Chiarolanza
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, Rome, 00185 Italy
| | - Sofia Major
- Faculty of Social and Human Sciences, University of the Azores, Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Catarina Rosa
- Department of Education and Psychology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Luciana Sotero
- Present Address: Center for Social Studies, University of Coimbra & Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3000-115 Portugal
| | - Ashley K. Randall
- Honors Faculty, Senior Global Futures Scientist Counseling and Counseling Psychology, Arizona State University, 446 Payne Hall Tempe, Arizona, 85281 AZ USA
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Sarkadi A, Thell M, Jirblom K. Perceptions of the COVID-19 pandemic as demonstrated in drawings of Swedish children aged 4-6 years. Acta Paediatr 2023; 112:1275-1283. [PMID: 36773326 DOI: 10.1111/apa.16706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
AIM To explore the perceptions of the COVID-19 pandemic, as expressed in the drawings of Swedish children aged 4-6 years. METHODS We analysed 91 drawings with associated descriptions submitted to the Swedish Archive of Children's Art from April 2020 to February 2021. RESULTS The visual and text analysis resulted in three themes. First, illustrating the virus and embodying the danger showed that young children understood the invisible enemy, combining realistic elements of the virus particle with fantasies of the 'virus monster' that needs to be fought off. Second, life has changed for the worse describes the profound effect the pandemic had on young children's lives also in Sweden, with comparatively mild restrictions and no school closures. Third, the virus spreads across the world, affects people and infects their bodies conveys young children's understanding of the pandemic as an existential challenge affecting the whole world. Children displayed surprisingly high levels of health literacy related to COVID-19, including contagion routes and the importance of hand hygiene. CONCLUSION The drawings of Swedish children aged 4-6 years demonstrated the profound, practical and emotional effects of the pandemic on their lives. Drawings also illuminated young children's level of health literacy regarding COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sarkadi
- Child Health and Parenting (CHAP), Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Thell
- Child Health and Parenting (CHAP), Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Klara Jirblom
- Child Health and Parenting (CHAP), Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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14
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Capurso M, Pedale T, Santangelo V, Salmi LP, Mazzeschi C. Italian Children's Accounts of the Lockdown: Insights and Perspectives. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND FAMILY STUDIES 2023; 32:145-159. [PMID: 36643882 PMCID: PMC9831020 DOI: 10.1007/s10826-022-02508-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 lockdown-imposed restrictions emerged as a risk to children's well-being. However, the extant literature often ignored children's experiences, emotions, struggles, hopes, and expectations. Based on a large sample of Italian students (N = 906; mean age = 9.4 years, 48.8% female), we drew data from a post-lockdown school re-entry program where students completed narrative activities in 2020. These narratives underwent quantitative content analysis according to gender and school level. Overall, children reported mixed feelings about the lockdown; they felt safe at home but also experienced fear and missed their friends, school, and freedom. Screen-time, technology and friendships helped, but children struggled to make sense of the events. Our findings show how children attempted to make sense of the lockdown experience and may provide key information for the development of community coping programs to help children facing crises in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Capurso
- Department of Philosophy, Social & Human Sciences and Education, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Tiziana Pedale
- Neuroimaging Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Perugia, Italy
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Valerio Santangelo
- Department of Philosophy, Social & Human Sciences and Education, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Claudia Mazzeschi
- Department of Philosophy, Social & Human Sciences and Education, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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15
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Libenstein J, Larivière‐Bastien D, Dupont D, Aubuchon O, Herba CM, Beauchamp MH. A light in the dark: How children make sense of
COVID
‐19. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY & APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/casp.2678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Libenstein
- Sainte‐Justine Hospital Research Center (CR‐CHUSJ) Montréal Quebec Canada
- Department of Psychology Université de Montréal Montréal Quebec Canada
| | - Danaë Larivière‐Bastien
- Sainte‐Justine Hospital Research Center (CR‐CHUSJ) Montréal Quebec Canada
- Department of Psychology Université de Montréal Montréal Quebec Canada
| | - Dominique Dupont
- Sainte‐Justine Hospital Research Center (CR‐CHUSJ) Montréal Quebec Canada
- Department of Psychology Université de Montréal Montréal Quebec Canada
| | - Olivier Aubuchon
- Sainte‐Justine Hospital Research Center (CR‐CHUSJ) Montréal Quebec Canada
- Department of Psychology Université de Montréal Montréal Quebec Canada
| | - Catherine M. Herba
- Sainte‐Justine Hospital Research Center (CR‐CHUSJ) Montréal Quebec Canada
- Department of Psychology Université du Québec à Montréal Montréal Quebec Canada
| | - Miriam H. Beauchamp
- Sainte‐Justine Hospital Research Center (CR‐CHUSJ) Montréal Quebec Canada
- Department of Psychology Université de Montréal Montréal Quebec Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Addictology Université de Montréal Montréal Quebec Canada
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16
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Jones K, Mallon S, Schnitzler K. A Scoping Review of the Psychological and Emotional Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Children and Young People. ILLNESS, CRISES, AND LOSS 2023; 31:175-199. [PMID: 36605778 PMCID: PMC9637914 DOI: 10.1177/10541373211047191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in many changes to the lives of children and young people. Our aim is to explore the impact of the pandemic on the mental health of children and young people (ages 5-21). METHODS The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines was used to report the findings of this rapid review. RESULTS Children and young people are potentially very vulnerable to the emotional impact of traumatic events that disrupt their daily lives. Key areas of concern include: Death Anxiety and Fear of Infection; lack of social interaction and loss of routine. CONCLUSIONS Despite some early and responsive studies, the evidence base for pandemic impact on children and young people is very limited. Such evidence is urgently needed if adequate and responsive services, that can mitigate the long-term impact of the pandemic for children and young people can be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Jones
- The Open University, Walton Drive,
Buckinghamshire MK7 6AA, UK
- K. Jones, The Open University, Walton
Drive, Buckinghamshire MK7 6AA, UK.
| | - Sharon Mallon
- Health and Social Care, The Open University Faculty of Wellbeing
Education and Language Studies, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Katy Schnitzler
- Health and Social Care, The Open University Faculty of Education
and Language Studies, Milton Keynes, UK
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17
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Debucquet G, Maignant A, Laroche AL, Widehem C, Morel P. Bringing nature into private urban housing: Environmental, social and food connections for urban resilience. CITIES (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 131:104007. [PMID: 36211220 PMCID: PMC9529358 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2022.104007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ongoing confinement for millions of urban citizens due to the Covid-19 pandemic has raised ecological consciousness, changed food habits and questioned the relationship urban dwellers have with nature. There is more interest in bringing plants into urban homes and in sustainable food sources, but no research have studied the relationships between food behaviours and plant-care activities. To address this gap and explore urban citizens' nature relatedness through the greening of private areas, we conducted a national survey of French, young urban citizens (n = 1000), who are more committed to 'edible' cities than older generations but have the lowest rate of plant purchasers. A quantitative approach reveals the prevalence of aesthetic/hedonistic expectations for plants in private housing but also demonstrates contrasting perceptions of tasks for plant maintaining and unequal valuation of social issues around plants. We discuss continuities between environmental awareness, commitment to sustainable food and natural/social uses of plants and argue that urban planning processes should address potential synergies for more integrative resilience. Community building around green areas, urban agriculture or collective gardens, in cities, can have ripple effects towards the greening of private housing. Lastly, the multi-disciplinary approach bridging psychosociology and urban studies can inspire multi-scalar urban planning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Allan Maignant
- ASTREDHOR, 42 rue Georges Morel, 49071 Beaucouzé, France
| | | | | | - Philippe Morel
- INRAE Pays de la Loire, 42 Rue Georges Morel, 49070 Beaucouzé, France
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18
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Newland LA, Mourlam DJ, Strouse GA. Rural Children's Well-Being in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Perspectives from Children in the Midwestern United States. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON CHILD MALTREATMENT : RESEARCH, POLICY AND PRACTICE 2022; 6:1-25. [PMID: 36465332 PMCID: PMC9702958 DOI: 10.1007/s42448-022-00133-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Children in rural areas are more likely to experience a variety of risk factors that increase their vulnerability to physical and mental health disparities. Bronfenbrenner's ecological model (1986) was used as a framework for understanding rural children's perceptions and well-being within multiple interactive contexts during the COVID-19 pandemic. This phenomenological study was designed to explore rural children's perceptions of their well-being and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on their contexts and well-being. This sub-study of the Children's Understandings of Well-Being project followed the standard qualitative interview protocol with additional prompts related to the pandemic. Rural children (age 8 to 18, N = 72) from the Midwestern United States participated from March 2020 to November 2021 via teleconferencing. Phenomenological analyses of transcripts focused on the essence of children's understanding of well-being and their perception of the impact of the pandemic on their contexts and well-being. Each transcript was coded by author 1 and verified by author 2, and discrepancies were identified, discussed, and resolved. The third author served as an external auditor to enhance trustworthiness. First-cycle coding focused on children's specific references to well-being experiences during COVID-19. Second-cycle selective coding focused on specific well-being experiences and contexts that were impacted by COVID-19. These codes were used to develop two broad themes, "Well This Kinda Stinks, But We Just Adapt" and "Safety Means Something Different to Me Now." The meaning of themes and subthemes are explored, with implications for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A. Newland
- Division of Counseling and Psychology in Education, University of South Dakota, 414 E. Clark St, Vermillion, SD USA
| | - Daniel J. Mourlam
- Division of Teacher Residency and Education, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD USA
| | - Gabrielle A. Strouse
- Division of Counseling and Psychology in Education, University of South Dakota, 414 E. Clark St, Vermillion, SD USA
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19
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Idoiaga Mondragon N, Eiguren Munitis A, Berasategi Sancho N, Picaza Gorrotxategi M, Dosil Santamaria M. How are children coping with COVID-19 health crisis? Analysing their representations of lockdown through drawings. CHILDHOOD (COPENHAGEN, DENMARK) 2022; 29:545-560. [PMID: 38603171 PMCID: PMC9111898 DOI: 10.1177/09075682221101199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Spain is one of the European countries most affected of COVID-19, and also the one with the most stringent restrictions for children. This study aims to explore how COVID-19 lockdown affects children by analysing 151 drawings from children in lockdown. Findings were represented in four main categories: (1) Activities; (2) Emotions; (3) Socialization; and (4) Academic. The results indicate the need to manage the lockdown situation taking into account also children's voices and by placing greater emphasis on social and inclusive policies to help alleviate the possible effects of the pandemic and the lockdown on them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahia Idoiaga Mondragon
- Department of Evolutionary and
Educational Psychology, University of the Basque Country
UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Amaia Eiguren Munitis
- Department Didactics and School
Organisation, University of the Basque Country
UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Naiara Berasategi Sancho
- Department Didactics and School
Organisation, University of the Basque Country
UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain
| | | | - Maria Dosil Santamaria
- Department of Research and
Diagnostic Methods in Education,University of the Basque Country
UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain
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20
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Renzi A, Conte G, Tambelli R. Somatic, Emotional and Behavioral Symptomatology in Children during COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Children's and Parents' Alexithymia. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:2171. [PMID: 36360512 PMCID: PMC9691013 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10112171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has deeply affected the psychophysical wellbeing of children worldwide. Alexithymia, a personality trait involving difficulties in identifying and expressing feelings represents a vulnerability factor for stress-related disorders. Under pandemic stress exposure, we aimed to investigate the role of parents' and children's alexithymia in the psychophysical symptomatology shown by children and to evaluate possible differences according to age, gender and history of COVID-19 infections. The perception of parents and children about the impact of the pandemic on children's emotional, social and physiological wellbeing was also explored. Sixty-five familial triads were surveyed in the period from March to May 2022: children (n = 33 males; mean age = 9.53, sd = 1.55), mothers (mean age = 44.12; sd = 6.10) and fathers (mean age = 47.10; sd = 7.8). Both parental and children's alexithymia scores were significantly associated with somatic and externalizing symptomatology in children. Self-reported anger and externally oriented thinking scores were higher in younger children (age 8-9.9 years) than in older ones (10-12 years). Girls scored higher than boys in somatic complaints, as reported by parents. No difference emerged between children affected/not affected by COVID-19. Notably, children reported a greater negative impact of the pandemic on their emotional and psychosocial well-being than their parents. The findings emphasize the role of alexithymia in the occurrence of psychophysical symptoms in children during the COVID-19 pandemic. The reduced parental awareness of the emotional burden imposed by the pandemic on children indicates the need to better consider how epidemics affect children's mental health and to develop adequate preventive strategies to support them in these exceptional times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Renzi
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, Sapienza University of Rome, Via degli Apuli 1, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Conte
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Institute of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Sabelli 108, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Renata Tambelli
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Institute of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Sabelli 108, 00185 Rome, Italy
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21
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Watts R, Pattnaik J. Perspectives of Parents and Teachers on the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Children's Socio-Emotional Well-Being. EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION JOURNAL 2022; 51:1-12. [PMID: 36285153 PMCID: PMC9584268 DOI: 10.1007/s10643-022-01405-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The negative impacts of COVID 19 on children's holistic development have been reported by researchers around the world. This qualitative study explored teachers' and parents' perspectives on the impact of physical/social distancing and school closure policies on children's socioemotional development. The study was conducted in fall 2020. The sample included four U.S. Preschools teachers (for 4-year-olds), four international preschool teachers (for 4, 5-year-olds), three U.S. Kindergarten teaches (for 5-year-olds), and 4 U.S. parents of 4 and 5-year-olds. Interviews were conducted over Zoom. Participants shared that the social deprivation experienced by children such as lack of friendships, absence of peer learning and peer communication, loss of play time, and lack of socialization impacted their children's socialization skills, higher order thinking development, mental health, and activity levels. Participants also shared that their children exhibited externalizing behaviors such as acting out, throwing tantrums, seeking negative attention, aggressiveness, lying, and showing disrespect. Participants reported children's life skills acquisition issues such as their over reliance on parents and difficulty in performing routine tasks. Participating teachers who taught 5-years-olds reported lower levels of fine motor skills among their students. The findings of the study suggest that although children have experienced severe academic learning loss during the pandemic, the post-pandemic ECE curriculum must keep a strong socio-emotional and practical life skills focus which contributes to children's overall well-being. Future studies may adopt a mixed method design in multi-country contexts to evaluate the impact of interventions implemented by early childhood programs on children's socioemotional health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jyotsna Pattnaik
- College of Education, California State University, 1250 Bellflower Blvd., Long Beach, CA 90840 USA
- Long Beach, USA
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22
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Sánchez-Ferrer F, Cervantes-García E, Gavilán-Martín C, Quesada JA, Cortes-Castell E, Nso-Roca AP. Emotional impact on children during home confinement in Spain. Front Public Health 2022; 10:969922. [PMID: 36311580 PMCID: PMC9614421 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.969922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has brought about important changes. On March 14, 2020, a strict home confinement was decreed in Spain. Children did not attend school and were not allowed to leave their homes. The aim of this study was to determine the emotional state of these children, as well as associated factors. Material and methods A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted using an online questionnaire sent by cell phone. This survey includes sociodemographic items and questions concerning the emotional impact of the lockdown. With the questions on emotions, two categories of emotional state were established with the variables fear, irritability, sadness and somatization: those who were less or more emotionally affected. A multivariate logistic model was used to estimate the associations between the variables. Results A total of 3,890 responses were obtained. The mean age of the children was 6.78 years (range 0 to 16). A score indicating poor emotional state was reported by 40.12%. The multivariate logistic model for poor emotional state was directly associated with having less appetite, sleep disturbances, and with parents' beliefs that their child will have difficulties returning to normal life after lockdown. A better emotional state was associated with being an only child, access to outdoor spaces at home, having pets, and parents informing their children about the pandemic using creative explanations. Conclusions During strict home confinement, a considerable emotional impact was observed in children as described by their parents. Specific elements were associated with a better or poorer emotional state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Sánchez-Ferrer
- San Juan de Alicante University Hospital, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain,Department of Pharmacology, Pediatrics and Organic Chemistry, Miguel Hernández University Medical School, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain
| | | | - César Gavilán-Martín
- San Juan de Alicante University Hospital, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain,Department of Pharmacology, Pediatrics and Organic Chemistry, Miguel Hernández University Medical School, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain
| | - José Antonio Quesada
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Miguel Hernández University Medical School, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain,*Correspondence: José Antonio Quesada
| | - Ernesto Cortes-Castell
- Department of Pharmacology, Pediatrics and Organic Chemistry, Miguel Hernández University Medical School, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain
| | - Ana Pilar Nso-Roca
- San Juan de Alicante University Hospital, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain,Department of Pharmacology, Pediatrics and Organic Chemistry, Miguel Hernández University Medical School, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain
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23
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Ozamiz-Etxebarria N, Dosil-Santamaria M, Idoiaga Mondragon N, Picaza Gorrotxategi M, Olaya B, Santabárbara J. The emotional state of young people in northern Spain after one year and a half of the COVID-19 pandemic. THE EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 2022; 37:109-116. [PMID: 36211327 PMCID: PMC9527219 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpsy.2022.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES : Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, the young population has been suffering from an accumulation of psychological symptoms in northern Spain. The main objectives of this study were (1) to assess whether psychological symptoms persisted after one year and a half of the COVID-19 pandemic in northern Spain sample of young people, and (2) to analyze whether pandemic-specific variables (having a chronic illness, living with a person who has a chronic illness, having been infected with COVID-19, having a close person who has died or believing that people are respecting the measures imposed) are related to psychological symptomatology. METHODS : Symptoms of stress, anxiety, and depression were measured using the Depression and Stress Anxiety Scale-21 (DASS-21). An ad hoc online questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographical information related to chronic illnesses of the participants, living with a chronically ill person, contact with a person diagnosed with COVID-19, having people close to them who have died of COVID-19, and their perception of whether or not people respect the health measures. RESULTS : Young people have suffered higher stress, anxiety, and depression levels than at the beginning of the pandemic. CONCLUSIONS : The present study highlights the importance of addressing young people's mental health, and ensure that future adults emerge from the COVID-19 pandemic in a psychologically strong state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiara Ozamiz-Etxebarria
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Maria Dosil-Santamaria
- Department of Research and Diagnostic Methods in Education, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Nahia Idoiaga Mondragon
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | | | - Beatriz Olaya
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Ministry of Science and Innovation, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Research, Innovation and Teaching Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Javier Santabárbara
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Ministry of Science and Innovation, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Microbiology, Pediatrics, Radiology and Public Health, University of Zaragoza, C/Domingo Miral s/n, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Aragonese Institute of Health Sciences (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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24
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Kyeremateng R, Lynch MA, Pinzón-Segura MC, Osei-Bonsu A, Fortmann J, Wood D. What the children tell us: the COVID-19 pandemic and how the world should respond. BMJ Paediatr Open 2022; 6:10.1136/bmjpo-2022-001481. [PMID: 36645764 PMCID: PMC9582311 DOI: 10.1136/bmjpo-2022-001481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
While the COVID-19 pandemic and associated mitigation measures have had a devastating impact on children and youth (CY), they were rarely consulted or their views incorporated into the approaches to address the pandemic.The main objective of this review is to present the voices and opinions of CY relative to the impact of the first year of the pandemic, on their lives and the lives of their families, and to present their recommendations as a call to action to adults and governments.The origin of this review was an iterative consultation process involving an international collective of Child Health professionals specialising in Child Rights. The recruitment of articles began by soliciting articles written or recommended by members of our international Child Health professional organisation. We then developed search strategies which were conducted in two phases, with the assistance of medical librarians. We limited our search to articles that sought the direct perspectives and experiences of CY in regard to the first year of COVID-19, and published between February 2020 and February 2021.Two phases of searches identified 8131 studies for screening. Following removal of irrelevant literature, 28 studies were included for the final analysis.CY articulate the detrimental impact of the COVID-19 pandemic to their health, education, protection and basic needs, clearly and intelligently. They make specific recommendations to address the issues they elucidate. They state a need for accurate information that is targeted for them. They ask for recognition as stakeholders and social actors in the pandemic response planning and implementation processes.We assert that the recognition of CY as stakeholders in response planning for COVID-19 and other emerging crises such as climate change, must become a statutory requirement for local, national and international policy-makers. Evidence of CY participation should specifically be reported to and tracked by the Committee on the Rights of the Child.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosina Kyeremateng
- Community Paediatrics, Sirona Care and Health Community Interest Company, Bristol, UK
| | | | | | | | - Joshua Fortmann
- East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - David Wood
- Pediatrics, East Tennessee State University James H Quillen College of Medicine, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
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25
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Grigoropoulos I. Children’s Social Representations of This Invisible and Never Previously Known COVID-19 Virus. TRENDS IN PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [PMCID: PMC9360692 DOI: 10.1007/s43076-022-00221-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Children are the forgotten group as they have been excluded from examining how they understand information about COVID-19. This study examined how children in Greece represent the COVID-19 virus. The drawing method was used as a process of meaning construction combining subjective experiences with socio-cultural meanings. Thirty-four children aged 4 to 6 years old (M = 5.4) were asked to draw a picture of the COVID-19 virus and explain their drawings verbally. This study used participant-created drawings to assess how children represent the COVID-19 virus and reports that drawing is an effective method of examining children’s social representations. Methodologically, by using drawing, this study reveals layers of social representations that may be difficult to put into words. Three distinct themes, namely “scientific” knowledge of the virus, the COVID-19 virus as the enemy, and the confinement situation, were identified in the children’s visualizations and verbalizations constituting children’s social representations of COVID-19. This study’s results show that social representations give meaning to a novel reality and allow the participating children to direct themselves as regards this novel reality.
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26
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Vettori G, Ruffini C, Andreini M, Megli G, Fabbri E, Labate I, Bianchi S, Pecini C. Investigating Children’s Ability to Express Internal States through Narratives and Drawings: Two Longitudinal Studies during Pandemic. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9081165. [PMID: 36010055 PMCID: PMC9406709 DOI: 10.3390/children9081165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic emergency has challenged children’s socio-affective and cognitive development. It is essential to capture the modulation of their emotional experience through ecological and children-friendly tasks, such as written narratives and drawings. This contribution investigates the impact of pandemic experience (2020–2021 waves) on the internal states and emotions of the primary school age children, according to a longitudinal research approach through narratives (study 1 n = 21) and drawing tasks (study 2 n = 117). 138 Italian children were examined during COVID-19 three (study 1) or two waves (study 2). Children’s written narratives were codified on the basis of narrative competence and psychological lexicon. Children’s drawings were codified based on social/emotional, physical, and environmental elements. Results of narrative texts showed a lower psychological lexicon relating to positive emotions and a greater psychological lexicon relating to negative emotions only in the study sample group during the first lockdown compared to the previous and subsequent periods. Children’s drawings of themselves showed a decrease of negative emotions during the third pandemic wave in comparison to the first pandemic wave. Results inform mental health services, school practitioners, and parents about the importance of written narratives and drawings for promoting well-being in the developmental age.
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Kalenik AM, Topolski M, Górnik J, Wolańczyk T. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of children with psychiatric diagnoses - multidimensional CCPCA Model. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:495. [PMID: 35870970 PMCID: PMC9308485 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04144-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study aimed to assess the severity of symptoms of anxiety and depression in children with previously diagnosed psychiatric disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland. METHODS Online questionnaires were used to investigate three groups of subjects: patients with a psychiatric diagnosis, primary school pupils, and children from children's homes. A total of 167 children with their parents or guardians participated in the study. In addition to basic statistics, a multidimensional Centroid Class Principal Component Analysis (CCPCA) model was used. RESULTS It was found that the strongest fear of the coronavirus was experienced by children from children's homes, while the most severe depressive symptoms and state anxiety were observed among patients diagnosed with psychiatric disorders. Parental care by assisting with school education and lack of close contact with other people (less than two metres) at parents/guardians' work had the most potent protective effect in reducing the fear of COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS There is a need for further research in children and adolescents to develop effective strategies for protecting their mental well-being when faced with social isolation or disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Kalenik
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 63A, 02-191, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Mariusz Topolski
- grid.7005.20000 0000 9805 3178Faculty of Information and Communication Technology, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Justyna Górnik
- grid.13339.3b0000000113287408Department of Child Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 63A, 02-191 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Wolańczyk
- grid.13339.3b0000000113287408Department of Child Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 63A, 02-191 Warsaw, Poland
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Braksiek M, Lindemann U, Pahmeier I. Physical Activity and Stress of Children and Adolescents during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Germany—A Cross-Sectional Study in Rural Areas. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148274. [PMID: 35886126 PMCID: PMC9321660 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although infection with SARS-CoV-2 appears to be less dangerous for children and adolescents, research indicates that the measures to contain the COVID-19 pandemic have had and continue to have negative effects on children’s and adolescents’ mental health and physical activity (PA). Due to the different health policies, country-specific studies as well as studies in different phases of the pandemic are important to obtain a differentiated picture of the effects of the pandemic. This study set out to investigate children’s and adolescents’ PA, stress, and well-being as well as the associations between these two variables during a phase of a gradual decline in measure to contain the pandemic in Germany. For this purpose, 1293 children and adolescents in a rural area of a federal state in Germany were investigated. The results indicated that children and adolescents felt sadder and less well during this period than children and adolescents before the pandemic. Results also revealed that they were more physically active than children and adolescents before the pandemic as well as in the second lockdown but less active than in the first lockdown. Both well-being and sadness were positively associated with the PA. The study contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of the situation of children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Braksiek
- Department of Sport Science, University of Vechta, 49377 Vechta, Germany; (M.B.); (I.P.)
| | - Uta Lindemann
- Department of Sport Science, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Iris Pahmeier
- Department of Sport Science, University of Vechta, 49377 Vechta, Germany; (M.B.); (I.P.)
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Sette S, Zava F, Baumgartner E, Laghi F, Coplan RJ. Examining links between social withdrawal subtypes and internalizing problems among Italian primary school children. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/17405629.2022.2086118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Sette
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Zava
- Department of Education, Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy
| | - Emma Baumgartner
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fiorenzo Laghi
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Robert J. Coplan
- Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Jörgensen E, Koller D, Raman S, Olatunya O, Asemota O, Ekpenyong BN, Gunnlaugsson G, Okolo A. The voices of children and young people during COVID-19: A critical review of methods. Acta Paediatr 2022; 111:1670-1681. [PMID: 35608994 PMCID: PMC9348412 DOI: 10.1111/apa.16422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AIM Critically review research methods used to elicit children and young people's views and experiences in the first year of COVID-19, using an ethical and child rights lens. METHODS A systematic search of peer-reviewed literature on children and young people's perspectives and experiences of COVID-19. LEGEND (Let Evidence Guide Every New Decision) tools were applied to assess the quality of included studies. The critical review methodology addressed four ethical parameters: (1) Duty of care; (2) Children and young people's consent; (3) Communication of findings; and (4) Reflexivity. RESULTS Two phases of searches identified 8131 studies; 27 studies were included for final analysis, representing 43,877 children and young people's views. Most studies were from high-income countries. Three major themes emerged: (a) Whose voices are heard; (b) How are children and young people heard; and (c) How do researchers engage in reflexivity and ethical practice? Online surveys of children and young people from middle-class backgrounds dominated the research during COVID-19. Three studies actively involved children and young people in the research process; two documented a rights-based framework. There was limited attention paid to some ethical issues, particularly the lack of inclusion of children and young people in research processes. CONCLUSION There are equity gaps in accessing the experiences of children and young people from disadvantaged settings. Most children and young people were not involved in shaping research methods by soliciting their voices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Jörgensen
- Faculty of Sociology, Anthropology and Folkloristics University of Iceland Reykjavik Iceland
| | - Donna Koller
- Early Childhood Studies Toronto Metropolitan University Toronto Canada
| | - Shanti Raman
- Department of Community Paediatrics South Western Sydney Local Health District Liverpool New South Wales Australia
| | - Oladele Olatunya
- Department of Paediatrics Ekiti State University Ado Ekiti Nigeria
| | - Osamagbe Asemota
- Department of Paediatrics University of Calabar Teaching Hospital Calabar Cross River State Nigeria
| | - Bernadine N. Ekpenyong
- Department of Public Health College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar Calabar Nigeria
| | - Geir Gunnlaugsson
- Faculty of Sociology, Anthropology and Folkloristics University of Iceland Reykjavik Iceland
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Samji H, Wu J, Ladak A, Vossen C, Stewart E, Dove N, Long D, Snell G. Review: Mental health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on children and youth - a systematic review. Child Adolesc Ment Health 2022; 27:173-189. [PMID: 34455683 PMCID: PMC8653204 DOI: 10.1111/camh.12501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 354] [Impact Index Per Article: 177.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has posed an unprecedented threat to global mental health. Children and adolescents may be more susceptible to mental health impacts related to their vulnerable developmental stage, fear of infection, home confinement, suspension of regular school and extracurricular activities, physical distancing mandates, and larger scale threats such as global financial recessions and associated impacts. Our objective was to review existing evidence of the COVID-19 pandemic's global impact on the mental health of children and adolescents <19 years of age and to identify personal and contextual factors that may enhance risk or confer protection in relation to mental health outcomes. METHODS We conducted a search of peer-reviewed and preprint research published in English from January 1, 2020, to February 22, 2021. We included studies collecting primary data on COVID-19-related mental health impacts on children and adolescents. We graded the strength of included articles using the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine rating scheme. RESULTS Our search and review yielded 116 articles presenting data on a total of 127,923 children and adolescents; 50,984 child and adolescent proxy reports (e.g., parents, healthcare practitioners); and >3,000 chart reviews. A high prevalence of COVID-19-related fear was noted among children and adolescents, as well as more depressive and anxious symptoms compared with prepandemic estimates. Older adolescents, girls, and children and adolescents living with neurodiversities and/or chronic physical conditions were more likely to experience negative mental health outcomes. Many studies reported mental health deterioration among children and adolescents due to COVID-19 pandemic control measures. Physical exercise, access to entertainment, positive familial relationships, and social support were associated with better mental health outcomes. CONCLUSIONS This review highlights the urgent need for practitioners and policymakers to attend to and collaborate with children and adolescents, especially those in higher risk subgroups, to mitigate short- and long-term pandemic-associated mental health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasina Samji
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada.,British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Judy Wu
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Amilya Ladak
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Caralyn Vossen
- School of Population and Global Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Evelyn Stewart
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Division of Clinical and Behavioural Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,British Columbia Mental Health and Substance Use Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Naomi Dove
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - David Long
- Division of Clinical and Behavioural Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Gaelen Snell
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Korpilahti-Leino T, Luntamo T, Ristkari T, Hinkka-Yli-Salomäki S, Pulkki-Råback L, Waris O, Matinolli HM, Sinokki A, Mori Y, Fukaya M, Yamada Y, Sourander A. Single-Session, Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy to Improve Parenting Skills to Help Children Cope With Anxiety During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Feasibility Study. J Med Internet Res 2022; 24:e26438. [PMID: 35138265 PMCID: PMC9009379 DOI: 10.2196/26438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has had a major impact on families’ daily routines and psychosocial well-being, and technology has played a key role in providing socially distanced health care services. Objective The first objective of this paper was to describe the content and delivery of a single-session, internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) intervention, which has been developed to help parents cope with children’s anxiety and manage daily situations with their children. The second objective was to report user adherence and satisfaction among the first participants who completed the intervention. Methods The Let’s Cope Together intervention has been developed by our research group. It combines evidence-based CBT elements, such as psychoeducation and skills to manage anxiety, with parent training programs that strengthen how parents interact with their child and handle daily situations. A pre-post design was used to examine user satisfaction and the skills the parents learned. Participants were recruited using advertisements, media activity, day care centers, and schools and asked about background characteristics, emotional symptoms, and parenting practices before they underwent the iCBT. After they completed the 7 themes, they were asked what new parenting skills they had learned from the iCBT and how satisfied they were with the program. Results Of the 602 participants who filled in the baseline survey, 196 (32.6%) completed the program’s 7 themes, and 189 (31.4%) completed the postintervention survey. Most (138/189, 73.0%) of the participants who completed the postintervention survey were satisfied with the program and had learned skills that eased both their anxiety (141/189, 74.6%) and their children’s anxiety (157/189, 83.1%). The majority (157/189, 83.1%) reported that they learned how to organize their daily routines better, and just over one-half (100/189, 53.0%) reported that the program improved how they planned each day with their children. Conclusions The single-session iCBT helped parents to face the psychological demands of the COVID-19 pandemic. Future studies should determine how the participation rate and adherence can be optimized in digital, universal interventions. This will help to determine what kinds of programs should be developed, including their content and delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarja Korpilahti-Leino
- Research Centre for Child Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,INVEST Child Psychiatry, INVEST Research Flagship Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Terhi Luntamo
- Research Centre for Child Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,INVEST Child Psychiatry, INVEST Research Flagship Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Child Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Terja Ristkari
- Research Centre for Child Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,INVEST Child Psychiatry, INVEST Research Flagship Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Susanna Hinkka-Yli-Salomäki
- Research Centre for Child Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,INVEST Child Psychiatry, INVEST Research Flagship Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Laura Pulkki-Råback
- Research Centre for Child Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,INVEST Child Psychiatry, INVEST Research Flagship Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Otto Waris
- Research Centre for Child Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,INVEST Child Psychiatry, INVEST Research Flagship Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Hanna-Maria Matinolli
- Research Centre for Child Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,INVEST Child Psychiatry, INVEST Research Flagship Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Atte Sinokki
- Research Centre for Child Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,INVEST Child Psychiatry, INVEST Research Flagship Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Yuko Mori
- Research Centre for Child Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,INVEST Child Psychiatry, INVEST Research Flagship Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Mami Fukaya
- Department of Psychology and Human Developmental Sciences, Graduate School of Education and Human Development, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuko Yamada
- Section of Medical Care and Consultation, Nagoya City Central Care Center for Disabled Children, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Andre Sourander
- Research Centre for Child Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,INVEST Child Psychiatry, INVEST Research Flagship Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Child Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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Cauberghe V, De Jans S, Hudders L, Vanwesenbeeck I. Children's resilience during Covid-19 confinement. A child's perspective-Which general and media coping strategies are useful? JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 50:1503-1520. [PMID: 34656070 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study explored how children (9-13 years old) coped with the uncertain situation during the first Covid-19 confinement period (Spring 2020) and whether media helped them handle the situation. Based on a survey among 667 West-European (Belgian) children, we concluded that children used various strategies to cope with the situation. Seeking social support via social media and searching for distraction was applied by most children. Creating a comforting atmosphere was used by many, although not evaluated as an effective strategy. Whereas older children searched for Covid-19-related information, younger children indicated to avoid news media to regulate their emotions. The Covid-19 anxiety of parents in the confinement period impacted upon the general level of concerns of their children. The results offer policy recommendations on how to support children in handling the tensive Covid-19 situation, especially during lockdown periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verolien Cauberghe
- Department of Communication Studies, Ghent University-Campus Aula, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Steffi De Jans
- Department of Communication Studies, Ghent University-Campus Aula, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Liselot Hudders
- Department of Communication Studies, Ghent University-Campus Aula, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ini Vanwesenbeeck
- Tillburg School of Humanities and Digital Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
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Caballero A, Villar S, Fernández I, Sevillano V, Gavilán P, Carrera P. Disentangling Emotions during the Coronavirus Outbreak in Spain: Inner Emotions, Descriptive Feeling Rules and Socioemotional Conventions. THE SPANISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 25:e12. [PMID: 35260217 DOI: 10.1017/sjp.2022.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
For constructionism, language is the link among different levels of analysis of emotional events, from individual to interpersonal and macrosocial. The interaction among these emotional levels allows us to construe an emotional episode and label it with an emotion word, coordinate with the emotions perceived in others, and represent events as a society. Across two studies, we found similarities and differences among inner emotions experienced (individual level), emotions perceived in others (descriptive feeling rules, interpersonal level) and emotions shared on the internet (socioemotional conventions, macrosocial level), with all these emotional targets focused on the COVID-19 outbreak. The results indicate a similarity between the emotional meaning of COVID-19 in society and the descriptive feeling rules, whereas the reported inner emotions were clearly distinct: Joy was irrelevant at the interpersonal and macrosocial levels but clearly important at the individual level. A mismatch also appeared for fear and hope. While fear was the most predominant emotion at the interpersonal and macrosocial levels during most of the phases, it was moderately predominant at the individual level. Hope followed the opposite pattern, being the most relevant emotion at the individual level but less relevant at the interpersonal and macrosocial levels. Each level might have different consequences: Mixed emotions at the individual level might promote resilience; fear perceived in other people might motivate protective behaviors; and sadness socially shared during Christmas might generate greater empathy. These results support the complexity of emotional concepts and the suitability of exploring them at different levels of analysis.
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Implications of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Children and Adolescents: Cognitive and Emotional Representations. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9030359. [PMID: 35327734 PMCID: PMC8946934 DOI: 10.3390/children9030359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The present research investigated children and adolescents’ explicit and spontaneous representation of the COVID-19 pandemic and their related emotions, cognitions, and coping strategies. We explored the self-reported protective factors and coping mechanisms, in addition to similar attributional emotional experiences, i.e., the ways participants evaluated others’ pandemic experiences. Our sample consisted of 155 children and adolescents aged 10 to 13 (M = 10.70, SD = 0.85, 56.1% females). We designed a 12-item survey and analyzed our data using both qualitative and quantitative methods. Our findings suggested that most children and adolescents associated masks with the thought of the novel coronavirus, and the most frequently associated emotion was sadness (45.2%), followed by fear (17.4%). Generally, participants reported a medium level of perceived adverse effects of the pandemic, mainly because their regular physical school classes moved to the online setting. We also found a significant association between children’s self-reported levels of harmful effects of the pandemic and perceived adverse effects on their families. Most participants expressed their dissatisfaction concerning online school classes, primarily due to poor online interaction. In our sample, the children and adolescents reported positive thoughts and family relationships as their primary coping mechanisms during the pandemic, suggesting similar perceived coping mechanisms in the others around them. Finally, more than half of the participants considered that the COVID-19 pandemic had no positive effects, while 40% considered the increased time spent with their families the primary positive consequences following the COVID-19 health crisis. Results are discussed regarding their implications concerning healthcare, social, and educational policies.
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Takeuchi H, Napier-Raman S, Asemota O, Raman S. Identifying vulnerable children's stress levels and coping measures during COVID-19 pandemic in Japan: a mixed method study. BMJ Paediatr Open 2022; 6:10.1136/bmjpo-2021-001310. [PMID: 36053626 PMCID: PMC8889347 DOI: 10.1136/bmjpo-2021-001310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected vulnerable children and youth. In Japan, despite evidence that the paediatric age group holds a lower risk of infection than the older population, there was a nationwide closure of schools as an early public health measure. Acknowledging that school closures brought heightened psychological and physical stress among Japanese children, we aimed to explore vulnerable children's experiences of the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan, focusing on socially disadvantaged subset of the population. METHODS We used an adapted version of the 'Perceived Stress Scale for Children', with additional free-text space, delivered online to children attending three non-profit organisations which provide support for this group of vulnerable persons and families experiencing social disadvantage. Simple descriptive analysis was undertaken on the quantitative data; we used thematic and content analysis for the qualitative data. RESULTS Thirty-six children participated in the online survey, mean age was 11.3 years, majority (61%) were male. The mean overall stress score (score distribution width: 0-39) was 14.8, with no difference in score distribution by age or gender. Free-text responses obtained revealed a range of stressors and protective factors. Schooling, COVID-19 fears, family tension and pandemic measures were sources of stress; family-in particular, the support of the mother-food, friendship and recreation were sources of comfort. While most responses indicated positive coping mechanisms, some displayed maladaptive behaviours. CONCLUSIONS The children in this cohort had high mean stress scores overall. Responses indicated that they were acutely reactive to COVID-19 as well as pandemic public health measures, and that missing schooling and contact with friends exacerbated their stress. Family was a source of strength as well as stress. A tailored public health response to COVID-19 needs to take into account the concerns voiced by vulnerable child populations be based on equity and child rights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Takeuchi
- School of Social Welfare, Bukkyo University, Kyoto, Japan .,Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sharanya Napier-Raman
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Osamagbe Asemota
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Shanti Raman
- Department of Community Paediatrics, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
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Ahmadi S, Irandoost SF, Ahmadi A, Yoosefi Lebni J, Mohammadi Gharehghani MA, Baba Safari N. Explaining Experiences, Challenges and Adaptation Strategies in COVID-19 Patients: A Qualitative Study in Iran. Front Public Health 2022; 9:778026. [PMID: 35186867 PMCID: PMC8850373 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.778026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Getting COVID-19 makes a person confront numerous individual, physical, psychological, family and social challenges. Therefore, the present study was conducted to explain the experiences, challenges and adaptation strategies in patients with COVID-19 in Tehran, Iran. METHODS The present study was performed with a qualitative approach and phenomenological method among 33 patients with COVID-19. From July 20 to September 21, access to participants and data collection were done in person (15 people) and by phone (18 people) through targeted sampling and snowball and semi-structured interviews. Data management was carried out using MAXQDA-2018 software and its analysis was done by the Colaizzi analysis method. Guba and Lincoln's criteria were also observed to improve the quality of results. RESULTS After analyzing the data, two main categories and 17 subcategories were obtained, including (1) experiences and challenges (ignoring the disease, blaming, physical health disorders, mental problems, guilt, and remorse, being blamed, living a life of disappointment and ambiguity, emotional challenges, frustrating reactions from others, helplessness and limitation) and (2) disease adaptation strategies (spirituality, learning about COVID-19, doing valuable and fun activities, participating in treatment, strengthening one's spirit and hope, trying to make up for past mistakes and virtual communication). CONCLUSIONS Based on the results, interventions and policies such as increasing people's health knowledge and literacy to get acquainted with the symptoms of the disease and prompt referral for diagnosis and treatment, teaching stress and psychological pressure management techniques, instructing families to continue emotional and social support for patients and strengthening and reproducing the strategies patients use, along with teaching disease coping skills, harnessing the potential of cyberspace and the media can make it easier to tolerate illness and get back to life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Ahmadi
- Department of Social Welfare Management, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Social Welfare Management Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Fahim Irandoost
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ahmadi
- PhD in Educational Technology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Yoosefi Lebni
- Health Promotion Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Nafe Baba Safari
- PhD in Anthropology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Melotti G, Bonomo M, Hakoköngäs E, Pivetti M. Social representations of coronavirus/COVID-19 in Italy: Psychosocial anchoring to conspiracy beliefs, vaccine hesitancy, and the psychological dimension. JOURNAL OF PACIFIC RIM PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [PMCID: PMC8814431 DOI: 10.1177/18344909221074469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
From the societal approach of the Theory of Social Representations, this study
aimed to investigate the social representations of coronavirus/COVID-19 among
the Italian population. By means of an online questionnaire, 599 individuals
participated in the research, with a mean age of 38.09 years (SD = 14.44), 62.1%
being women. The instrument was composed of sociodemographic questions, free
association technique for the inductive term “coronavirus/COVID-19” and scales
on conspiracy beliefs, vaccine hesitancy, and psychological dimension. The
results allowed us to identify four social representations: “Citizens driven by
Social Representations anchored to factual Covid-19 pandemic data,” with lower
vaccine hesitancy and conspiracy beliefs, and greater faith in science;
“Citizens with low confidence in anti-pandemic preventive measures by
government,” with lower agreement with restriction measures; “Emotional people,”
with higher agreement with restriction measures and expression of psychological
distress; and “Minority group of Citizens driven by denial of Covid-19,” with
higher vaccine hesitancy and conspiracy beliefs. We discuss the different social
representations identified from the psychological and psychosocial anchoring
processes in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giannino Melotti
- Department of Education Studies “Giovanni Maria Bertin”—EDU, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mariana Bonomo
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Eemeli Hakoköngäs
- Department of Social Sciences, Social Psychology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Monica Pivetti
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy
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Amorós-Reche V, Belzunegui-Pastor À, Hurtado G, Espada JP. Emotional Problems in Spanish Children and Adolescents during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review. CLÍNICA Y SALUD 2022. [DOI: 10.5093/clysa2022a2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Delvecchio E, Orgilés M, Morales A, Espada JP, Francisco R, Pedro M, Mazzeschi C. COVID-19: Psychological symptoms and coping strategies in preschoolers, schoolchildren, and adolescents. JOURNAL OF APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 79:101390. [PMID: 35095148 PMCID: PMC8786599 DOI: 10.1016/j.appdev.2022.101390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Stępień A, Sobińska M, Rekowski W, Krawczyk MJ. Pandemic decrease of in-person physiotherapy as a factor in parent perceived decline in function in children with neuromuscular disorders. J Pediatr Rehabil Med 2022; 15:677-689. [PMID: 36530101 DOI: 10.3233/prm-210002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic can negatively affect patients who require physiotherapy. This study aimed to analyze the consequences of limited physiotherapy on the functional state of children with neuromuscular diseases (NMD). In addition, the caregivers' well-being and caregiver opinions on physiotherapy were analyzed. METHODS A questionnaire was shared with parents of children with NMD immediately after the COVID-19 lockdown. The survey included questions regarding the physical and mental condition of children and parents before the pandemic and during lockdown as well as their views on physiotherapy and telephysiotherapy. Statistical analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon Matched-Pairs Signed Ranks test, Spearman's Rank Correlation test, McNemar test, and Chi-square test. RESULTS Parents of 235 children participated in the study. Results indicated that children devoted more time to physiotherapy before the pandemic than during the lockdown period, which was true for those living in cities and the countryside. The functional state of 50.2% of the children deteriorated during the lockdown, in the opinion of their parents. Significant correlations were found between limited physiotherapy time and the deterioration of children's functional condition, ability to maintain a standing position, and increased anxiety. The majority of parents reported increased levels of fear and anxiety (72.8%), fatigue (67.7%), and pain (53.2%). In-person physiotherapy was rated significantly higher than telephysiotherapy by parents. CONCLUSIONS Limited access to physiotherapy and shorter therapy times may lead to functional deterioration in children with NMD, but this assumption needs to be objectively confirmed. According to the parents' opinions, telephysiotherapy is less beneficial than direct physiotherapy but may support therapy conducted directly by a physiotherapist. Results based on subjective parental opinions may be helpful in planning future projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Stępień
- Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Witold Rekowski
- Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Bonoti F, Christidou V, Papadopoulou P. Children's conceptions of coronavirus. PUBLIC UNDERSTANDING OF SCIENCE (BRISTOL, ENGLAND) 2022; 31:35-52. [PMID: 34628985 DOI: 10.1177/09636625211049643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to examine children's conceptions of coronavirus as denoted in their verbal descriptions and drawings and whether these vary as a function of children's age and the mode of expression. Data were collected in Greece during spring 2020 and 344 children aged 4 to 10 years were first asked to verbally describe coronavirus and then to produce a drawing of it. Content analysis of data revealed the following main themes: (a) Coronavirus, (b) Medical, (c) Psychological, and (d) Social. Results showed that children from an early age present a remarkable level of understanding of coronavirus and the COVID-19 disease as a multidimensional construct, which can be designated not only through characteristics of the Sars-Cov-2 but also through its medical, social, and psychological consequences on people's lives. Moreover, children were found to emphasize different aspects of this construct depending on their age and the mode of expression.
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The psychological effects of COVID-19-related containment in children: the E-COCCON French study. Arch Pediatr 2022; 29:188-193. [PMID: 35115219 PMCID: PMC8768449 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2022.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The first containment of the Sars-Cov2 pandemic had the potential to generate posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptoms in children. Objective The main objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of PTS symptoms within 6 weeks of the end of lockdown, in children contained between March 17, 2020 and May 11, 2020 in France. Material and Methods This was a French prospective cross-sectional study between May 15 and July 2, 2020 conducted via telephone survey. Parents of children aged between 8 and 15 years were eligible. The invitation to participate was proposed through social networks (Instagram and Facebook), various local and national media, and by e-mail to the staff of our University Hospital Center. The PTS symptoms were assessed using the CRIES-13. A score of 30 and over has been confirmed as the cut-off for screening cases. Results During the study period, 379 children (male, n = 207) were included, their mean age was 10.8±2.1 years. Symptoms of PTSD were identified in 17% of the children (girls 20.5%, boys 13.5%). These children were younger (p = 0.04), lacked access to a private outdoor space (p < 0.0001; OR: 7.8), had parents whose profession exposed them more to the coronavirus, and had parents who were more afraid of COVID-19. Conclusion After the first lockdown related to the pandemic crisis, children developed PTSD symptoms. The onset of such symptoms is correlated with gender, age, lockdown conditions, and parental perceptions. These last considerations were worse for pink- or blue-collar families, attesting to the subsequent intensification of health inequalities.
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Urbieta DA, Akin JL, Hamilton WM, Brock WW, Yablonsky AM. We're Stronger Together: A Collaboration to Support Military Families During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Mil Med 2021; 186:23-34. [PMID: 34469531 DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usab213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 pandemic has created challenges for every segment of the U.S. population, including military personnel and their families. The TriService Nursing Research Program's Military Family Research Interest Group (FIG) formed a collaboration with Blue Star Families, a civilian non-profit organization, to identify potential issues faced by military families during the pandemic. DATA COLLECTION METHODS The Pain Points Poll was introduced online by Blue Star Families, and findings were aggregated weekly between March 18 and May 26, 2020. Volunteer poll respondents were mainly recruited through social media outreach. FIG-informed questions were incorporated in week 4 of polling and focused on workplace environment, financial health, social support, physical and mental health, child behavior, utilization of family care plans, and general well-being. Data were collected to gain real-time insights into the major challenges posed by the pandemic. Findings from FIG-informed questions were collaboratively reviewed and analyzed by FIG and BSF teams. Data-driven recommendations were made to stakeholders to improve processes and reprioritize investments for services that aim to alleviate the impact of COVID-19 on military families. FINDINGS A total of 2,895 military family units (i.e., service members and spouses) responded to the poll, a majority of which (88%) represented active duty family units. Although the majority of families (range: 59%-69%) noted no impact to their finances, approximately one in five families endorsed dipping into their savings during the pandemic. A majority of respondents (69.5%) reported taking active measures to support their mental health, endorsing various strategies. Among parents of special needs children, 45% of active duty families and 60% of single-parent service members reported the inability to maintain continued services for their children. A majority of parents with school-aged children (65%) reported child behavioral changes due to their child's inability to socialize with peers. Among military service members, 41% were concerned about obtaining fair performance evaluations during the crisis. CONCLUSIONS The COVID-19 pandemic produced significant challenges for military families. Collaboration between military and civilian partners can inform policies and appropriate strategies to mitigate the impact of COVID-19 for military families. The findings presented here provide insight into areas where military families can be supported for optimal outcomes during unprecedented times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehussa A Urbieta
- Directorate for Professional Education, Navy Medicine Readiness and Training Command San Diego, San Diego, CA 92134, USA
| | - Jennifer L Akin
- Applied Research Team, Blue Star Families, Encinitas, CA 92023, USA
| | - Wendy M Hamilton
- Department of Inpatient Services, Evans Community Army Hospital, Fort Carson, CO 80913, USA
| | - Whitney W Brock
- Directorate for Professional Education, Navy Medicine Readiness and Training Command San Diego, San Diego, CA 92134, USA
| | - Abigail Marter Yablonsky
- Directorate for Professional Education, Navy Medicine Readiness and Training Command San Diego, San Diego, CA 92134, USA
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The impact of COVID-19 lockdown on child and adolescent mental health: systematic review. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2021:10.1007/s00787-021-01856-w. [PMID: 34406494 PMCID: PMC8371430 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-021-01856-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 was declared a pandemic in March 2020, resulting in many countries worldwide calling for lockdowns. This study aimed to review the existing literature on the effects of the lockdown measures established as a response to the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of children and adolescents. Embase, Ovid, Global Health, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and pre-print databases were searched in this PRISMA-compliant systematic review (PROSPERO: CRD42021225604). We included individual studies reporting on a wide range of mental health outcomes, including risk and protective factors, conducted in children and adolescents (aged ≤ 19 years), exposed to COVID-19 lockdown. Data extraction and quality appraisal were conducted by independent researchers, and results were synthesised by core themes. 61 articles with 54,999 children and adolescents were included (mean age = 11.3 years, 49.7% female). Anxiety symptoms and depression symptoms were common in the included studies and ranged 1.8-49.5% and 2.2-63.8%, respectively. Irritability (range = 16.7-73.2%) and anger (range = 30.0-51.3%), were also frequently reported by children and adolescents. Special needs and the presence of mental disorders before the lockdown, alongside excessive media exposure, were significant risk factors for anxiety. Parent-child communication was protective for anxiety and depression. The COVID-19 lockdown has resulted in psychological distress and highlighted vulnerable groups such as those with previous or current mental health difficulties. Supporting the mental health needs of children and adolescents at risk is key. Clinical guidelines to alleviate the negative effects of COVID-19 lockdown and public health strategies to support this population need to be developed.
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Mesurado B, Resett S, Tezón M, Vanney CE. Do Positive Emotions Make You More Prosocial? Direct and Indirect Effects of an Intervention Program on Prosociality in Colombian Adolescents During Social Isolation Due to COVID-19. Front Psychol 2021; 12:710037. [PMID: 34456823 PMCID: PMC8397378 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.710037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study are to analyze the efficacy of the Virtual Hero Program during the social isolation due to COVID-19 to increase the positive emotions (joy, gratitude, serenity, personal satisfaction, and sympathy) and prosocial behavior of Colombian adolescents. Additionally, we will analyze whether the Hero program, by directly promoting positive emotional states in adolescents, can predispose them to take prosocial actions toward other people (via an indirect or mediated effect). The final sample of the study comprised 100 participants from the intervention group (M age = 13.94, SD = 0.97) and 111 from the control group (M age = 14.39, SD = 0.81). The participants were assigned to the groups using a cluster randomized trial. The positive emotions questionnaire and the Kindness and Generosity subscale of the Values in Action Inventory of Strengths were used to measure the variables. The results indicated that the program increased joy, gratitude, serenity and personal satisfaction but not sympathy of those who participated in the intervention. The promotion of these positive emotions predisposed the Colombian adolescents to act prosocially. Furthermore, the program was also effective in directly promoting prosocial behaviors in the adolescents during social isolation, as observed through a statistically significant difference in the pre- and post-test evaluations between the control and intervention groups. The structure of the intervention brought adolescents closer to social situations to which isolation had limited their access, promoting the importance of closeness and solidarity with others within the complexities of the social confinement context. This study is particularly relevant because interventions with proven effectiveness are necessary to counteract the trauma produced by social isolation in young people throughout the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Mesurado
- Instituto de Filosofía, Universidad Austral, Pilar, Argentina
| | - Santiago Resett
- Instituto de Filosofía, Universidad Austral, Pilar, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana Tezón
- Grupo de Investigación Psicología, Ciencia y Tecnología, Programa de Psicología, Corporación Universitaria Iberoamericana, Bogotá, Colombia
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Gomes A, Vieira-dos-Santos J. Social representation of COVID-19, attitudes and knowledge in the adult Portuguese population ( La representación social, las actitudes y los conocimientos de la población adulta portuguesa sobre la COVID-19). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/02134748.2021.1940706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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De Young AC, Vasileva M, Boruszak-Kiziukiewicz J, Demipence Seçinti D, Christie H, Egberts MR, Anastassiou-Hadjicharalambous X, Marsac ML, Ruiz G, COVID-19 Unmasked Global Collaboration. COVID-19 Unmasked Global Collaboration Protocol: longitudinal cohort study examining mental health of young children and caregivers during the pandemic. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2021; 12:1940760. [PMID: 34394856 PMCID: PMC8354018 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2021.1940760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early empirical data shows that school-aged children, adolescents and adults are experiencing elevated levels of anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic. Currently, there is very little research on mental health outcomes for young children. OBJECTIVES To describe the formation of a global collaboration entitled, 'COVID-19 Unmasked'. The collaborating researchers aim to (1) describe and compare the COVID-19 related experiences within and across countries; (2) examine mental health outcomes for young children (1 to 5 years) and caregivers over a 12-month period during the COVID-19 pandemic; (3) explore the trajectories/time course of psychological outcomes of the children and parents over this period and (4) identify the risk and protective factors for different mental health trajectories. Data will be combined from all participating countries into one large open access cross-cultural dataset to facilitate further international collaborations and joint publications. METHODS COVID-19 Unmasked is an online prospective longitudinal cohort study. An international steering committee was formed with the aim of starting a global collaboration. Currently, partnerships have been formed with 9 countries (Australia, Cyprus, Greece, the Netherlands, Poland, Spain, Turkey, the UK, and the United States of America). Research partners have started to start data collection with caregivers of young children aged 1-5 years old at baseline, 3-months, 6-months, and 12-months. Caregivers are invited to complete an online survey about COVID-19 related exposure and experiences, child's wellbeing, their own mental health, and parenting. DATA ANALYSIS Primary study outcomes will be child mental health as assessed by scales from the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System - Early Childhood (PROMIS-EC) and caregiver mental health as assessed by the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21). The trajectories/time course of mental health difficulties and the impact of risk and protective factors will be analysed using hierarchical linear models, accounting for nested effects (e.g. country) and repeated measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra C. De Young
- Queensland Centre for Perinatal and Infant Mental Health (QCPIMH), Children’s Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service (CHQ, HHS), Brisbane, Australia
- School of Psychology, Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of Queensland (UQ), Brisbane, Australia
| | - Mira Vasileva
- Child and Community Wellbeing Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Dilara Demipence Seçinti
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Department, Şişli Etfal Hamidiye Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Psychology, Istanbul Rumeli University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hope Christie
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Marthe R. Egberts
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Meghan L. Marsac
- College of Medicine, UK Healthcare, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KYUSA
| | - Gemma Ruiz
- Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
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Berasategi Sancho N, Idoiaga Mondragon N, Dosil Santamaria M, Eiguren Munitis A. The Well-being of children in lock-down: Physical, emotional, social and academic impact. CHILDREN AND YOUTH SERVICES REVIEW 2021; 127:106085. [PMID: 34728873 PMCID: PMC8554137 DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2021.106085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The Covid-19 pandemic is having an unprecedented impact on societies. In the interest of maintaining social distancing, schools in many countries have closed their doors and children have been confined to their homes. Thus, the objective of the present study was to holistically analyze the well-being of children during a period of full lockdown in Spain, by considering physical, emotional, social, and academic indicators. The scale "Well-being of Children in Lockdown" (WCL) was used to measure the well-being of 1225 children from 2 to 12 years old from Northern Spain. The survey was completed by the parents and was designed to analyze children's well-being in terms of physical, emotional, social and academic aspects. The results suggest that the general well-being of children during lockdown was at an intermediate level. Analysis of the various measures of well-being revealed that the lowest levels were obtained for physical activity, along with creative and playful activities. Girls, younger children, and those who have access to an outdoor space showed the greatest levels of well-being. Finally, we discuss the implications of these findings for the well-being of children and, in particular, how this can be improved amid the current Covid-19 crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nahia Idoiaga Mondragon
- Department of Evolutionary and Educational Psychology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Spain
| | - Maria Dosil Santamaria
- Department of Research and Diagnostic Methods in Education, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Spain
| | - Amaia Eiguren Munitis
- Department Didactics and School Organisation, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Spain
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Reopening of Schools in the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Quality of Life of Teachers While Coping with This New Challenge in the North of Spain. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18157791. [PMID: 34360082 PMCID: PMC8345406 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18157791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background: This study aims to analyze how teachers perceived their quality of life when coping with the reopening of schools after their closure due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This study was carried out with a total sample of 1633 teachers from the Department of Education of the Basque Autonomous Community (Northern Spain), all of the professionals working in different educational centers, from preschool education to university studies, with the average age of 42.02 years (SD = 10.40). Main Outcome Measures: For this purpose, the Spanish version of the WHOQOL-BREF was used. Results: The highest values of perceived quality of life were found in the dimension of psychological health, followed by the dimension of physical health, the social relations dimension, and finally, the environmental dimensions. The results also revealed significant differences depending on gender, age, having a chronic illness, or living with someone who has a chronic illness, employment security, and educational sector. Conclusion: The study shows that it is important to attend to teachers’ health and quality of life, especially older teachers, those with a chronic illness, caregivers, those with job insecurity, and those who teach in preschool education.
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