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Olson JL, Mama SK, Brunke-Reese D, Lagoa CM, Sciamanna CN, Conroy DE. Broad versus narrow bandwidth measures of experienced automaticity for physical activity. Psychol Health 2024; 39:1371-1387. [PMID: 36384364 PMCID: PMC10188660 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2022.2146690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Physical activity is important for health, yet most young adults are insufficiently active. Physical activity is regulated in part, by habit, typically operationalised as automaticity. Little is known about the characteristics of automaticity, or whether broad bandwidth unidimensional measures of automaticity for physical activity are superior to narrower bandwidth multi- dimensional measures. Design: This secondary analysis (N = 238) investigated the nature of automaticity, and relations between the dimensions of automaticity, global automaticity, and physical activity.Main Outcome Measures: The structure of the Generic Multifaceted Automaticity Scale (GMAS) was examined by confirmatory factor analyses. Structural equation models were estimated to evaluate relations between automaticity (measured on the GMAS and the Self- Report Behavioral Automaticity Index, SRBAI) and device- measured activity.Results: The hypothesised 3- factor structure of the GMAS was rejected, in favour of a 2- factor solution. Lack of intention/control and efficiency were associated with global automaticity, but not physical activity. Global automaticity was associated with moderate to vigorous physical activity and daily steps, but not light physical activity.Conclusion: Multi- dimensional measures of automaticity may not provide a more nuanced understanding of automaticity when predicting overall physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny L. Olson
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Scherezade K. Mama
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Health Disparities Research, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Deborah Brunke-Reese
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Constantino M. Lagoa
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Chris N. Sciamanna
- College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - David E. Conroy
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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Gilanyi YL, Shah B, Cashin AG, Gibbs MT, Bellamy J, Day R, McAuley JH, Jones MD. Barriers and enablers to exercise adherence in people with nonspecific chronic low back pain: a systematic review of qualitative evidence. Pain 2024; 165:2200-2214. [PMID: 38635470 PMCID: PMC11404330 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Exercise is a first-line treatment for chronic low back pain (CLBP), reducing pain and disability in the short term. However, exercise benefits decrease over time, with a lack of long-term exercise adherence a potential reason for this. This study aimed to synthesize the perceptions and beliefs of individuals with CLBP and identify their barriers and enablers to exercise adherence. We searched CENTRAL, Embase, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, PubMed, PsycINFO, and Scopus databases from inception to February 28, 2023, for qualitative studies that explored the factors influencing exercise adherence for people with CLBP. A hybrid approach combining thematic synthesis with the Theoretical Domains Framework was used to analyze data. We assessed methodological quality using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist and the level of confidence of the themes generated using the Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative Studies. Twenty-three papers (n = 21 studies) were included (n = 677 participants). Four main themes affected exercise adherence: (1) exercise, pain, and the body, (2) psychological factors, (3) social factors, and (4) external factors. These themes contained 16 subthemes that were predominantly both barriers and enablers to exercise adherence. The individual's experiences of barriers and enablers were most appropriately represented across a spectrum, where influencing factors could be a barrier or enabler to exercise adherence, and these could be specific to pre-exercise, during-exercise, and post-exercise situations. These findings may be used to improve exercise adherence and ultimately treatment outcomes in people with CLBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick L Gilanyi
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Pain IMPACT, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Brishna Shah
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Pain IMPACT, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Aidan G Cashin
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Pain IMPACT, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mitchell T Gibbs
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Pain IMPACT, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jessica Bellamy
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Richard Day
- St Vincent's Clinical Campus, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - James H McAuley
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Pain IMPACT, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Matthew D Jones
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Pain IMPACT, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia
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Gardner B, Lally P, Rebar AL. Can-and should-automaticity be self-reported using a single item? A secondary analysis of 16 datasets. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2024. [PMID: 39324279 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the influence of habit on health behaviour, or the formation or disruption of health habits over time, requires reliable and valid measures of automaticity. The most used measure, the Self-Report Behavioural Automaticity Index (SRBAI; derived from the Self-Report Habit Index [SRHI]), comprises four items, which may be impractical in some research contexts. Responding to demand from fellow researchers, this study sought to identify whether and which single items from the SRBAI adequately detect hypothesised effects of automaticity, via secondary analysis of 16 datasets, incorporating 16,838 participants and seven different behaviours. We assessed construct validity through correlations between each item and the full SRBAI (and where possible, the SRHI) and predictive validity by examining correlations with behaviour. All four single-item measures independently met construct and predictive validity criteria. We recognise compelling conceptual and methodological arguments regarding why people should not attempt to assess automaticity via a single, self-report item. However, where circumstances require brief measures, three SRBAI items each offer a credible and practical one-item measure that can substitute for the SRBAI or SRHI. We recommend one item in particular-'Behaviour X is something I do automatically'-because it tended to most closely replicate the effects of the four-item SRBAI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Gardner
- Habit Application and Theory Group, School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Phillippa Lally
- Habit Application and Theory Group, School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Amanda L Rebar
- Motivation of Health Behaviors Lab, Health Promotion, Education, & Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
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Crichton M, Vu J, Fenesi B. Physical Activity Participation among Children and Youth with Mental Health Symptoms: Clinician Perspectives. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:880. [PMID: 39062329 PMCID: PMC11276529 DOI: 10.3390/children11070880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Physical activity supports mental health and well-being in children and youth. However, there are significant barriers to physical activity participation among individuals impacted by mental health disorders. This study investigates these barriers through the perspective of mental health clinicians who support children and youth. METHODS Fourteen mental health clinicians, including registered professional psychologists, psychotherapists, and social workers, were interviewed in a semi-structured format. Qualitative content analysis was performed to identify key themes, including both barriers and facilitators to physical activity. RESULTS Content analysis revealed that clinicians perceive both internal and external barriers and facilitators to their clients' participation in physical activity. Barriers included intrapersonal factors, such as the presence of depression, anxiety, or eating disorder symptoms; lack of motivation; and negative self-talk, as well as factors related to the influence of caregivers, financial limitations, screen time use, environmental and cultural factors, and lack of time. Facilitators included enjoyment of physical activity, knowledge about the benefits of physical activity, and caregiver participation. CONCLUSIONS Mental health clinicians demonstrated clear knowledge about the barriers to and facilitators of their clients' participation in physical activity. These findings provide valuable insights that can be used to support children and youth experiencing mental health difficulty to access the beneficial effects of physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Barbara Fenesi
- Faculty of Education, Western University, London, ON N6G 1G7, Canada; (M.C.); (J.V.)
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Srinivasa Gopalan S, Mann C, Rhodes RE. Impact of symptoms, experiences, and perceptions of the menstrual cycle on recreational physical activity of cyclically menstruating individuals: A systematic review. Prev Med 2024; 184:107980. [PMID: 38704099 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.107980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The menstrual cycle often presents barriers to participation in daily life activities, including physical activity (PA), which is a cornerstone of health and well-being. The purpose of this systematic review was to explore and summarize the impact of symptoms, experiences, and perceptions of the menstrual cycle on recreational PA (RPA), including sports, exercise and active recreation, in the general population. METHODS Six databases were searched for studies that investigated the impact of the menstrual cycle on PA among individuals who were cyclically menstruating, healthy, and not involved in professional sports training. RESULTS The search yielded 3025 studies that were screened for relevance and eligibility, resulting in 25 eligible studies, which were found to be of moderate-to-high quality following a quality and risk-of-bias assessment. Thematic synthesis of qualitative and quantitative data from the selected studies, constituting 16,557 adults and 3715 adolescents, identified the impact of menstrual symptoms on the physical and psychological capability to participate in RPA, social opportunity barriers to RPA (e.g., social pressure due to the sociocultural taboo against menstruation), as well reflective (knowledge) and automatic (habit) motivation on RPA behaviours. CONCLUSION The variability in menstrual symptoms and corresponding experiences suggested the need for an individualized approach to RPA promotion. Furthermore, this review highlighted the need to address the sociocultural taboo against menstruation, as well as improve the provision of knowledge and resources related to the menstrual cycle and RPA, in order to promote and facilitate RPA for cyclically menstruating individuals throughout the menstrual cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharan Srinivasa Gopalan
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.
| | - Caitlin Mann
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Ryan E Rhodes
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
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Jekauc D, Gürdere C, Englert C, Strobach T, Bottesi G, Bray S, Brown D, Fleig L, Ghisi M, Graham J, Martinasek M, Tamulevicius N, Pfeffer I. The contribution and interplay of implicit and explicit processes on physical activity behavior: empirical testing of the physical activity adoption and maintenance (PAAM) model. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1239. [PMID: 38711051 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18589-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The adoption and maintenance of physical activity (PA) is an important health behavior. This paper presents the first comprehensive empirical test of the Physical Activity Adoption and Maintenance (PAAM) model, which proposes that a combination of explicit (e.g., intention) and implicit (e.g., habit,, affect) self-regulatory processes is involved in PA adoption and maintenance. Data were collected via online questionnaires in English, German, and Italian at two measurement points four weeks apart. The study included 422 participants (Mage= 25.3, SDage= 10.1; 74.2% women) from Germany, Switzerland, Italy, Canada, and the U.S. The study results largely supported the assumptions of the PAAM model, indicating that intentions and habits significantly mediate the effects of past PA on future PA. In addition, the effect of past PA on future PA was shown to be significant through a mediation chain involving affect and habit. Although the hypothesis that trait self-regulation moderates the intention-behavior relationship was not supported, a significant moderating effect of affect on the same relationship was observed. The results suggest that interventions targeting both explicit and implicit processes may be effective in promoting PA adoption and maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darko Jekauc
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Ceren Gürdere
- Department of Psychology, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Chris Englert
- Institute of Sports Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Tilo Strobach
- Medical School Hamburg, Institute of Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience (ICAN), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gioia Bottesi
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- U.O.C. Hospital Psychology, University-Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Steven Bray
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Denver Brown
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, USA
| | - Lena Fleig
- Medical School Berlin, Department of Psychology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marta Ghisi
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Jeffrey Graham
- Department of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport Studies, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA
| | - Mary Martinasek
- Department of Health Sciences and Human Performance, The University of Tampa, Tampa, USA
| | - Nauris Tamulevicius
- Department of Health Sciences and Human Performance, The University of Tampa, Tampa, USA
| | - Ines Pfeffer
- Medical School Hamburg, Institute of Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience (ICAN), Hamburg, Germany
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Feil K, Fritsch J, Weyland S, Rittmann LM, Schmidt D, Jekauc D. WiN-Reha-effectiveness and durability of effects of orthopedic rehabilitation programs and the study of psychological determinants of aftercare behaviors: a study protocol. FRONTIERS IN REHABILITATION SCIENCES 2024; 5:1333924. [PMID: 38532830 PMCID: PMC10963613 DOI: 10.3389/fresc.2024.1333924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Background and aim Rehabilitation programs have been shown to have a positive impact on patients' health and work ability. However, the durability of these effects and the extent to which patients alter their health behaviors remain underexplored. This study is divided into two parts; the first assesses the effectivity of rehabilitation programs for orthopedic patients and the durability of effects. The second part examines psychological determinants of aftercare health behaviors. Subject and methods Study Part 1 employs a longitudinal study design with up to nine measurement occasions encompassing a three-year follow-up period. Treatment is provided as per orthopedic indications through rehabilitation centers. Measures include subjective health, work ability, body weight, and physical activity behavior. Study Part 2 incorporates a mixed-methods design, involving both quantitative and qualitative assessments. The quantitative component aims to recruit a subsample from Study Part 1 to assess psychological determinants of aftercare health behaviors over 12 to 24 weeks using Ambulatory Assessment. The qualitative component aims to explore the reasons for maintenance and discontinuation of health behaviors and involves a reflexive thematic analysis of interviews with at least 16 individuals, analyzing the differences between those who adopt and those who discontinue their aftercare health behavior. Discussion This comprehensive research project may offer insights into the long-term effectivity of rehabilitation programs. Furthermore, it may foster a more profound understanding of the successful incorporation of health-promoting aftercare behaviors, such as physical activity, into everyday life. Therefore, this study may contribute significantly to the evolving field of patient-centered rehabilitation. Trial registration The trial has been registered at the German Register of Clinical Studies (DRKS) with the registration number: DRKS00032257.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Feil
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Julian Fritsch
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Susanne Weyland
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - Detlef Schmidt
- Deutsche Rentenversicherung Knappschaft-Bahn-See, Bochum, Germany
| | - Darko Jekauc
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
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Liu R, Menhas R, Saqib ZA. Does physical activity influence health behavior, mental health, and psychological resilience under the moderating role of quality of life? Front Psychol 2024; 15:1349880. [PMID: 38529092 PMCID: PMC10961448 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1349880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Physical activity significantly influences health-related behaviors, encompassing physical and mental well-being. Physical activity has been linked to enhancing health behavior, mental health, and psychological resilience. The current study is based on participants who were active in physical activity to improve health and well-being. Objectives To examine the influences of physical activity on health behavior, mental health, and psychological resilience, considering the moderating role of quality of life. Method A thorough cross-sectional online survey was conducted from April 15, 2023, to October 15, 2023. The survey was comprehensive and lasted for six months. The online poll received more than one thousand responses under convenience sampling. The selection criteria for the study were above 21 years old, and participants were active in physical activity to improve health and well-being. The collected data were analyzed using appropriate statistical SPSS-25 and SmartPLS 4.0 software to investigate the proposed research paradigm. Results SEM results of model 1 (direct coefficients) show that PA has a positive effect on HeB, MeH, PsR, HeB on MeH, HeB on PsR. Out of six (in model 2), four moderating effects of QOL were significant, and two were statistically insignificant. Conclusion It has been observed that the quality of life has a moderating role in the relationships between physical exercise and several aspects, such as psychological resilience, mental health, and health-related behavior. It is imperative to emphasize the importance of fostering consistent engagement in physical activity to cultivate a well-balanced and health-conscious way of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Liu
- College of Physical Education, Hunan City University, Yiyang, China
| | - Rashid Menhas
- International Institutes of Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zulkaif Ahmed Saqib
- College of Urban Transportation and Logistics, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China
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Feil K, Fritsch J, Rhodes RE. The intention-behaviour gap in physical activity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the action control framework. Br J Sports Med 2023; 57:1265-1271. [PMID: 37460164 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2022-106640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intention is the proximal antecedent of physical activity in many popular psychological models. Despite the utility of these models, the discrepancy between intention and actual behaviour, known as the intention-behaviour gap, is a central topic of current basic and applied research. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to quantify intention-behaviour profiles and the intention-behaviour gap. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES Literature search was conducted in June 2022 and updated in February 2023 in five databases. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES Eligible studies included a measure of physical activity, an assessment of physical activity intention and the employment of the intention-behaviour relationship into profile quadrants. Only papers published in the English language and in peer-reviewed journals were considered. Screening was assisted by the artificial intelligence tool ASReview. RESULTS Twenty-five independent samples were selected from 22 articles including a total of N=29 600. Random-effects meta-analysis revealed that 26.0% of all participants were non-intenders not exceeding their intentions, 4.2% were non-intenders who exceeded their intentions, 33.0% were unsuccessful intenders and 38.7% were successful intenders. Based on the proportion of unsuccessful intenders to all intenders, the overall intention-behaviour gap was 47.6%. CONCLUSION The findings underscore that intention is a necessary, yet insufficient antecedent of physical activity for many. Successful translation of a positive intention into behaviour is nearly at chance. Incorporating mechanisms to overcome the intention-behaviour gap are recommended for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Feil
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Julian Fritsch
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ryan E Rhodes
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
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Ma H, Wang A, Pei R, Piao M. Effects of habit formation interventions on physical activity habit strength: meta-analysis and meta-regression. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2023; 20:109. [PMID: 37700303 PMCID: PMC10498635 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-023-01493-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interventions aimed at promoting physical activity (PA) behavior through habit formation pathways are gaining popularity, as they differ from conventional interventions that rely on intention pathways. Past research has established a positive correlation between PA habits and behavior. However, the efficacy of current interventions designed to form PA habits and improve PA automaticity is not yet fully ascertained. Additionally, the intervention components that significantly impact the effectiveness of these interventions are yet to be determined. METHODS This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. We conducted a search of three databases (PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library) from January 2000 to December 2022, with a focus on interventions for developing PA habits. Two independent authors conducted paper selection, quality assessment, data extraction, and coding of behavior change techniques (BCTs). The effect size of interventions was calculated using standardized mean difference. Subgroup analyses were carried out based on follow-up duration, delivery method, sample characteristics, and theory. Furthermore, we employed meta-regression to investigate the association between BCTs and PA habits. RESULTS Ten eligible studies with relatively high quality were included in the final data set. Characteristics of studies varied in intervention sample and delivery way. The habit formation interventions significantly increased PA habit (SMD = 0.31, 95% CI 0.14-0.48, P < .001) compared to the control groups. Subgroup analysis demonstrated that the duration of follow-up ≤ 12 weeks have a higher effect size on PA habit than the duration > 12 weeks. Meta-regression revealed that problem solving has a significant positive association with effectiveness improvement (β = 0.36, 95% CI 0.17-0.55), while social reward is linked with a reduction in effectiveness (β = -0.40, 95% CI -0.74-0.06). CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal that habit formation interventions are effective in fostering PA habit. Future studies could leverage the insights form this study to optimize the intervention design and achieve better effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoming Ma
- School of Nursing, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No 33 Ba Da Chu Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100144, People's Republic of China
| | - Aoqi Wang
- School of Nursing, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No 33 Ba Da Chu Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100144, People's Republic of China
| | - Runyuan Pei
- School of Nursing, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No 33 Ba Da Chu Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100144, People's Republic of China
| | - Meihua Piao
- School of Nursing, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No 33 Ba Da Chu Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100144, People's Republic of China.
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Yokoyama S, Kagawa F, Takamura M, Takagaki K, Kambara K, Mitsuyama Y, Shimizu A, Okada G, Okamoto Y. Day-to-day regularity and diurnal switching of physical activity reduce depression-related behaviors: a time-series analysis of wearable device data. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:34. [PMID: 36604656 PMCID: PMC9817381 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-14984-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wearable devices have been widely used in research to understand the relationship between habitual physical activity and mental health in the real world. However, little attention has been paid to the temporal variability in continuous physical activity patterns measured by these devices. Therefore, we analyzed time-series patterns of physical activity intensity measured by a wearable device and investigated the relationship between its model parameters and depression-related behaviors. METHODS Sixty-six individuals used the wearable device for one week and then answered a questionnaire on depression-related behaviors. A seasonal autoregressive integral moving average (SARIMA) model was fitted to the individual-level device data and the best individual model parameters were estimated via a grid search. RESULTS Out of 64 hyper-parameter combinations, 21 models were selected as optimal, and the models with a larger number of affiliations were found to have no seasonal autoregressive parameter. Conversely, about half of the optimal models indicated that physical activity on any given day fluctuated due to the previous day's activity. In addition, both irregular rhythms in day-to-day activity and low-level of diurnal variability could lead to avoidant behavior patterns. CONCLUSION Automatic and objective physical activity data from wearable devices showed that diurnal switching of physical activity, as well as day-to-day regularity rhythms, reduced depression-related behaviors. These time-series parameters may be useful for detecting behavioral issues that lie outside individuals' subjective awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Yokoyama
- grid.257022.00000 0000 8711 3200Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551 Japan
| | - Fumi Kagawa
- Hiroshima Prefectural Mental Health Center, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masahiro Takamura
- grid.411621.10000 0000 8661 1590Department of Neurology, Shimane University, Shimane, Japan ,grid.257022.00000 0000 8711 3200Brain, Mind and KANSEI Sciences Research Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Koki Takagaki
- grid.257022.00000 0000 8711 3200Health Service Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kohei Kambara
- grid.255178.c0000 0001 2185 2753Faculty of Psychology, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuki Mitsuyama
- grid.257022.00000 0000 8711 3200Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551 Japan
| | - Ayaka Shimizu
- grid.257022.00000 0000 8711 3200Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551 Japan
| | - Go Okada
- grid.257022.00000 0000 8711 3200Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551 Japan
| | - Yasumasa Okamoto
- grid.257022.00000 0000 8711 3200Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551 Japan
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Vichaya EG, Darpolor JK, Gross PS, Molkentine JM, Vermeer DW, Vermeer PD, Lee JH, Taniguchi CM, Dantzer R. Associative learning contributes to the persistence of fatigue-like behavior in male mice in a model of cancer survivorship. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 107:296-304. [PMID: 36323360 PMCID: PMC10208403 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent fatigue is a debilitating side effect that impacts a significant proportion of cancer survivors for which there is not yet an FDA-approved treatment. While certainly a multi-factorial problem, persistent fatigue could be due, in part, to associations learned during treatment. Therefore, we sought to investigate the role of associative learning in the persistence of fatigue using a preclinical model of cancer survivorship. For this purpose, we used a murine model of human papilloma virus-related head and neck cancer paired with a curative regimen of cisplatin-based chemoradiation in male C57BL/6J mice. Fatigue-like behavior was assessed by measuring variations in voluntary wheel running using a longitudinal design. Treatment robustly decreased voluntary wheel running, and this effect persisted for more than a month posttreatment. However, when wheels were removed during treatment, to minimize treatment-related fatigue, mice showed a more rapid return to baseline running levels. We confirmed that the delayed recovery observed in mice with continual wheel access was not due to increased treatment-related toxicity, in fact running attenuated cisplatin-induced kidney toxicity. Finally, we demonstrated that re-exposure to a treatment-related olfactory cue acutely re-instated fatigue. These data provide the first demonstration that associative processes can modulate the persistence of cancer-related fatigue-like behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth G Vichaya
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA.
| | - Josephine K Darpolor
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Phillip S Gross
- Department of Symptom Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jessica M Molkentine
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Daniel W Vermeer
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
| | - Paola D Vermeer
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
| | - John H Lee
- Avera Cancer Institute, 1000 E 23(rd) St., Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA
| | - Cullen M Taniguchi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Robert Dantzer
- Department of Symptom Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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13
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Fritsch J, Weyland S, Feil K, Burchartz A, Schmidt S, Woll A, Strauch U, Wienke B, Jekauc D. A Study on the Psychometric Properties of the Short Version of the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale in an Adult Population. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15294. [PMID: 36430013 PMCID: PMC9692518 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192215294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A new measure of the short form of the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES-S), including four items, has been developed that focuses on the subjective experience of enjoyment. As validation has so far only been conducted in a youth population, the purpose of the present article was to test the psychometric properties of the measure in an adult population in three studies. In the first study (n = 1017) the results supported the unidimensional structure of the instrument (χ2 = 10.0; df = 2; p < 0.01; CFI = 0.992; RMSEA = 0.063), revealed a satisfactory level of internal consistency (ω = 0.79), and showed that the measure is invariant across gender. The results on factorial validity and internal consistency were generally supported by the second study (n = 482), which additionally showed satisfactory test-retest reliability (r = 0.73). Finally, the third study (n = 1336) also supported the factorial validity and internal consistency of the measure and additionally showed a positive correlation with physical activity (r = 0.40), thus supporting the criterion-related validity of the measure. This more economical version of PACES seems to be particularly useful for large-scale studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Fritsch
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Susanne Weyland
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Katharina Feil
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Alexander Burchartz
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Steffen Schmidt
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Alexander Woll
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ulrich Strauch
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Benjamin Wienke
- Department of Sport and Exercise Psychology, Humboldt University of Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Darko Jekauc
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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14
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Zhu L, Hou J, Zhou B, Xiao X, Wang J. The relationship between exercise intention and behavior of Chinese college students: A moderated mediation model. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1006007. [DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1006007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Inconsistency between intention and behavior is very common in daily life. This study explored the intention-behavior relationship in exercise, focusing on the mediating effect of action planning and the moderating effects of habit strength and gender. For the purpose of providing theoretical reference for the implementation of intervention strategies in the volitional phase, a total of 489 college students (M-age = 20.61, 57.46% female) from Hubei Province, China, were recruited to complete the questionnaire at two time points. The findings showed that exercise intention could positively predict exercise behavior via the mediating effect of action planning, with the mediating effect accounting for 48.52% of the total effect. The predictive effect of action planning × habit strength interaction on exercise behavior was statistically significant. As individuals’ levels of habitual strength increased, so did the relationship between action plans and exercise behavior. The action planning-exercise behavior relationship was stronger in males than in females. In summary, action planning is a very important predictor of the post-intentional phase and has many advantages. For individuals whose exercise has become habitualized, forming a plan is not counterproductive and can still promote more exercise rather than in a mutually compensating manner.
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15
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Tallis J, Richardson DL, Eyre ELJ. The Influence of Easing COVID-19 Restrictions on the Physical Activity Intentions and Perceived Barriers to Physical Activity in UK Older Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12521. [PMID: 36231822 PMCID: PMC9566482 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 has had profound effects on physical activity behaviours of older adults, and understanding this impact is essential to driving public health policies to promote healthy ageing. The present study aimed to determine; (1) intended physical activity behaviours of older adults following the easing of UK COVID-19 restrictions; (2) the relationship between self-reported physical activity and intended physical activity behaviour; (3) perceived barriers to achieving the intended physical activity goal. Ninety-six participants (74.8 ± 4.4 years; 52 female) from a longitudinal study examining the impact of COVID-19 on physical activity were recruited. Participants outlined their future physical activity intentions and completed the COM-B Self Evaluation Questionnaire. Participants were split into groups based on their intention to 'Maintain' (n = 29), 'Increase' (n = 38) or 'Return' (n = 29) to pre-COVID-19 physical activity. Self-reported physical activity undulated over the pandemic but was mostly equivalent between groups. Intended physical activity behaviour was independent of self-report physical activity. Capability and motivation factors were the most frequently cited barriers to the intended physical activity behaviour, with a greater number of capability barriers in the 'Return' group. Such barriers should be considered in the COVID-19 recovery public health physical activity strategy for promoting healthy ageing.
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16
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Weyland S, Fritsch J, Feil K, Jekauc D. Investigating the relation between positive affective responses and exercise instigation habits in an affect-based intervention for exercise trainers: A longitudinal field study. Front Psychol 2022; 13:994177. [PMID: 36211848 PMCID: PMC9540191 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.994177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study contains an affect-based intervention intended to support exercise trainers in positively influencing their course participants' affective responses to their exercise courses. We argue that positive affective responses are associated with habit formation, thereby being a promising approach for avoiding high drop-out rates in exercise courses. First, the present study aimed to investigate whether the intervention for exercise trainers could increase (a) affective attitudes, and (b) exercise instigation habit strength, and influence the development of (c) weekly measured affective responses and (d) automaticity among adult participants of exercise courses. Second, it examined the relationship between the development of affective responses and exercise instigation habit strength. Ten exercise trainers of weekly sports and exercise courses at a German university received either an affect-based intervention or a control intervention. 132 of their course participants answered the Self-Report Habit Index (SRHI; the automaticity sub-scale SRBAI was also analyzed) for exercise instigation habit strength and items to measure affective attitude in the initial and final assessment. Moreover, they were assessed for a duration of 10 weeks during which, each time after attending the course, they reported their affective response to exercise as well as their automaticity in arriving at the decision to exercise. In the repeated measures ANOVA, there was a significant main effect of time for exercise instigation habit strength. Overall, habit strength was higher in the final than in the initial assessment. However, there were no significant differences between the two conditions in all study variables. In the latent growth curve model, the trajectory of the latent growth curve of valence was a significant predictor of the final exercise instigation habit strength. While the applied affect-based intervention was not successful in enhancing positive affective responses to exercise, the results indicate that positive affective responses may contribute to strengthening exercise instigation habits. Future studies should examine the effectiveness of interventions in long-term study designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Weyland
- Department of Health Education and Sports Psychology, Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
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17
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Groß D, Schröder I, Wasserfall N, Eschenbeck H, Kohlmann C. The reciprocal interplay of physical activity and health‐related quality of life in children and adolescents: Evidence for both upward and downward spirals. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2022; 15:561-575. [PMID: 35986611 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examines the bidirectional effect between physical activity (PA) and health-related quality of life in children and adolescents, focusing on within-person effects. METHODS PA and health-related quality of life were assessed in children and adolescents (N = 685, age: M = 10.29 years, SD = 1.35, range = 8-14), via self-report across four waves, each 6 months apart, and a random-intercept cross-lagged panel model with time-invariant cross-lagged effects was calculated. RESULTS Positive cross-lagged effects between prior PA and health-related quality of life 6 months later ( γ y = 0.536, 95% CI [0.016, 1.055], p = .043, d = 0.11) and vice versa ( γ x = 0.015, 95% CI [0.001, 0.030], p = .039, d = 0.12) were found. Furthermore, the random intercept correlation was significant ( T xy = 3.622, 95% CI [2.204, 5.041], p < .001, d = 0.27). CONCLUSIONS The findings confirm known correlations between PA and health-related quality of life and extends them by indicating both an upward and downward spiral of PA and health-related quality of life in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Groß
- University of Education Schwäbisch Gmünd Oberbettringer Straße 200 Schwäbisch Gmünd 73525 Germany
| | - Ines Schröder
- University of Education Schwäbisch Gmünd Oberbettringer Straße 200 Schwäbisch Gmünd 73525 Germany
| | - Nicola Wasserfall
- University of Education Schwäbisch Gmünd Oberbettringer Straße 200 Schwäbisch Gmünd 73525 Germany
| | - Heike Eschenbeck
- University of Education Schwäbisch Gmünd Oberbettringer Straße 200 Schwäbisch Gmünd 73525 Germany
| | - Carl‐Walter Kohlmann
- University of Education Schwäbisch Gmünd Oberbettringer Straße 200 Schwäbisch Gmünd 73525 Germany
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18
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Benthroldo RS, Paravidino VB, Cunha DB, Mediano MFF, Sichieri R, Marques ES. Environment modification at school to promote physical activity among adolescents: a cluster randomized controlled trial. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE EPIDEMIOLOGIA 2022; 25:e220019. [PMID: 35894422 DOI: 10.1590/1980-549720220019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of modifications of the school environment on physical activity in Brazilian adolescent students. METHODS Seven public schools in Duque de Caxias (Brazil) were randomized into control and intervention groups. The intervention group underwent modifications in the school environment (painting of hopscotch and school courts) and the provision of sports equipment (balls, basketball table, soccer goalpost, volleyball nets, and others) to stimulate physical activity. Additionally, footsteps towards the court and materials were painted, and a superhero character called Super Active was introduced. Total physical activity was measured using a validated questionnaire for adolescents. Generalized linear models were used to evaluate the effect of the intervention, adjusted by sex. RESULTS The sample consisted of 975 adolescents, with a mean age of 11.52 years (standard deviation - SD 1.43), and 56.7% were boys. After the one-month intervention, both groups' total physical activity time increased. The estimated changes from baseline were not different between the intervention and control groups (Δ=102.75 and Δ=99.76, respectively; p=0.52). CONCLUSION The painting, supply of equipment and other strategies to encourage physical activity in the school environment did not promote a positive effect on improving physical activity among adolescents. Future research is necessary to evaluate the effect of the intervention in the long-term period, particularly in other population contexts in middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raycauan Silva Benthroldo
- Universidade do Rio de Janeiro, Institute of Social Medicine, Department of Epidemiology - Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
| | - Vitor Barreto Paravidino
- Universidade do Rio de Janeiro, Institute of Social Medicine, Department of Epidemiology - Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil.,Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Institute of Social Medicine, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Naval Academy, Brazilian Navy - Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
| | - Diana Barbosa Cunha
- Universidade do Rio de Janeiro, Institute of Social Medicine, Department of Epidemiology - Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
| | - Mauro Felippe Felix Mediano
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Disease - Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
| | - Rosely Sichieri
- Universidade do Rio de Janeiro, Institute of Social Medicine, Department of Epidemiology - Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
| | - Emanuele Souza Marques
- Universidade do Rio de Janeiro, Institute of Social Medicine, Department of Epidemiology - Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
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19
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The preference for and tolerance of exercise intensity: An exploratory analysis of intensity discrepancy in health clubs settings. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03149-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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20
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Teixeira DS, Rodrigues F, Cid L, Monteiro D. Enjoyment as a Predictor of Exercise Habit, Intention to Continue Exercising, and Exercise Frequency: The Intensity Traits Discrepancy Moderation Role. Front Psychol 2022; 13:780059. [PMID: 35250719 PMCID: PMC8894246 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.780059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the need to explore the factors that can account for a better understanding of the intention-behavior gap in exercise practice in health club settings, and considering the emergence of hedonic assumptions related to exercise adherence, this cross-sectional study aimed to test the moderation effect of the intensity traits agreement/disagreement in three relevant outcomes of exercise enjoyment: exercise habit, intention to continue exercising, and exercise frequency. A sample consisted of 273 exercisers (male = 127; M age = 36.21; SD = 11.29) enrolled in nine health clubs who voluntarily fulfilled a battery of questionnaires. All analyses were performed using SPSS v. 23.0/PROCESS v. 3.5. The results of the study presented a moderation effect of exercise intensity traits agreement on three relevant enjoyment outcomes: exercise habit, intention to continue exercising, and exercise frequency. No relevant results emerged from intensity traits disagreement. The results suggest that assessing and tailoring exercise prescription and supervision in order to customize exercise intensity may influence future exercise participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo S. Teixeira
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport (ULHT), Lusófona University of Humanities and Technologies, Lisbon, Portugal
- Research Center in Sport, Physical Education, and Exercise and Health (CIDEFES), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Filipe Rodrigues
- ESECS, Polytechnic of Leiria, Leiria, Portugal
- Quality of Life Research Center (CIEQV), Santarém, Portugal
| | - Luis Cid
- Quality of Life Research Center (CIEQV), Santarém, Portugal
- Research Center in Sport, Health and Human Development (CIDESD), Vila Real, Portugal
- Sport Science School of Rio Maior (ESDRM), Polytechnic Institute of Santarém, Santarém, Portugal
| | - Diogo Monteiro
- ESECS, Polytechnic of Leiria, Leiria, Portugal
- Research Center in Sport, Health and Human Development (CIDESD), Vila Real, Portugal
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21
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Gorny AW, Chee WCD, Müller-Riemenschneider F. Active Use and Engagement in an mHealth Initiative Among Young Men With Obesity: Mixed Methods Study. JMIR Form Res 2022; 6:e33798. [PMID: 35076399 PMCID: PMC8826145 DOI: 10.2196/33798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The effectiveness of mobile health (mHealth) approaches that employ wearable technology to promote physical activity have been the subject of concern due to the declining active use observed in trial settings. Objective To better contextualize active use, this study aimed to identify the barriers and enablers to engagement in a tracker-based mHealth initiative among young men who had recently completed a 19-week residential weight loss program. Methods A mixed methods study was conducted among 167 young men who had voluntarily enrolled in the national steps challenge (NSC), an mHealth physical activity promotion initiative, following a residential weight loss intervention. A subsample of 29 enrollees with a body mass index of 29.6 (SD 3.1) participated in semistructured interviews and additional follow-up assessments. Quantitative systems data on daily step count rates were used to describe active use. Qualitative data were coded and analyzed to elicit barriers and enablers to microlevel engagement in relation to the NSC, focusing on tracker and smartphone use. We further elicited barriers and enablers to macrolevel engagement by exploring attitudes and behaviors toward the NSC. Using triangulation, we examined how qualitative engagement in the NSC could account for quantitative findings on active use. Using integration of findings, we discussed how the mHealth intervention might have changed physical activity behavior. Results Among the 167 original enrollees, active use declined from 72 (47%) in week 1 to 27 (17%) in week 21. Mean daily step counts peaked in week 1 at 10,576 steps per day and were variable throughout the NSC. Barriers to engagement had occurred in the form of technical issues leading to abandonment, device switching, and offline tracking. Passive attitudes toward step counting and disinterest in the rewards had also prevented deeper engagement. Enablers of engagement included self-monitoring and coaching features, while system targets and the implicit prospect of reward had fostered new physical activity behaviors. Conclusions Our study showed that as the NSC is implemented in this population, more emphasis should be placed on technical support and personalized activity targets to promote lasting behavior change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Wilhelm Gorny
- Centre of Excellence for Soldier Performance, Singapore Armed Forces, Singapore, Singapore.,Headquarters Medical Corps, Singapore Armed Forces, Singapore, Singapore.,Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Chian Douglas Chee
- Centre of Excellence for Soldier Performance, Singapore Armed Forces, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Falk Müller-Riemenschneider
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Digital Health Center, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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22
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Harada K. Effectiveness, Moderators and Mediators of Self-regulation Intervention on Older Adults' Exercise Behavior: a Randomized, Controlled Crossover Trial. Int J Behav Med 2022; 29:659-675. [PMID: 34997522 PMCID: PMC8741142 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-021-10049-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Although self-regulation interventions are effective in promoting exercise behaviors, moderators and mediators of interventions among older adults are not well established. This study aimed to examine whether (1) self-regulation intervention promoted exercise behavior, (2) health literacy and habit strength moderated the intervention effect, and (3) self-regulation and habit strength mediated the intervention effect among older adults. Methods This study was a randomized, non-blinded, controlled crossover trial. The baseline questionnaire survey assessed the average amount of exercise time per day, self-regulation, habit strength, health literacy, and socio-demographic factors. After the baseline survey, 393 community-dwelling older adults were randomly assigned to either the immediate intervention or the delayed intervention group. For the immediate group, print-based materials were provided once a week for 7 weeks before a second questionnaire survey. For the delayed group, the materials were provided only after the second survey. Finally, a third survey was conducted for both groups. Results The mixed models showed that the average exercise time was increased after the intervention in both groups. Multiple regression analyses revealed that no factor moderated the intervention effect. From the path analyses, the mediating effect of self-regulation on the relationship between intervention and changes in average exercise time was supported, but the mediating role of habit strength was not clearly indicated. Conclusions Although the mediating roles of habit strength for the intervention effects are still inconclusive, self-regulation intervention can promote exercise behavior among older adults, regardless of their health literacy level, habit strength, and socio-demographic characteristics. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12529-021-10049-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Harada
- Active Aging Research Hub, Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, 3-11 Tsurukabuto, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan.
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23
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Associations Between Planned Exercise, Walking, Incidental Physical Activity, and Habit Strength in Older People: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Aging Phys Act 2021; 30:813-823. [PMID: 34929661 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2021-0284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Habits play an important role in physical activity (PA) engagement; however, these associations in older people are not well understood. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between engagement in types of PA and their automaticity in older people, using an observational, cross-sectional design. Current hours engaged in planned exercise (excluding walking), planned walking, and incidental activities and the automaticity of those PA behaviors were measured in 127 community-dwelling Australians aged 65 years and older via an online questionnaire. After controlling for demographic and health factors (age, gender, education level, body mass index, history of falls, and anxiety and depression symptoms), higher automaticity scores were associated with more hours undertaking planned walking and incidental activity but not planned exercise. Although preliminary, these findings indicate that the role of habit in maintaining PA in older people may, therefore, differ depending on the type of activity.
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24
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Fritsch J, Feil K, Weyland S, Schmidt D, Jekauc D. Effectivity of a mHealth intervention for individuals with obesity: a study protocol for a controlled intervention study. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2021; 13:112. [PMID: 34535188 PMCID: PMC8446725 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-021-00337-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is considered an epidemic problem with an increasing number of individuals affected. The physical and psychological complaints associated with obesity point to the importance of implementing effective interventions. Innovative mHealth applications appear to be promising in helping provide a continuous and flexible support during the intervention. Since research on mHealth interventions is still relatively sparse, the main goal of the current study is to assess the effectiveness of an mHealth obesity intervention in terms of weight reduction, health behaviours as well as health-related quality of life. In addition, the study aims to investigate various psychological explicit and implicit processes associated with physical activity behaviour. METHODS The study includes quantitative and qualitative methods. Regarding the quantitative methods, the goal is to recruit up to 450 individuals at baseline in different obesity centres across Germany with some of these centres offering an mHealth intervention. All individuals who agree to take part in the mHealth intervention will be assigned to the intervention group, while all other individuals will be assigned to the control group. The mHealth obesity intervention consists of three stays at an obesity centre, with approximately six months between stays during which patients are supported by the digital platform CASPAR. The study includes three measurements with a baseline measurement and two follow-up measurements, one after six months and one after twelve months. To assess the effectiveness of the intervention, body weight, physical activity behaviour, eating behaviour as well as health related quality of life will be assessed. In addition, motivation, intentions, self-efficacy, enjoyment, and habit will be used to assess the psychological processes related with physical activity behaviour. A multivariate analysis of variance with repeated measurement and latent growth curve models will be used to compare the development of the variables within the two groups. In relation to the qualitative methods, interviews with individuals of the intervention group will be conducted to shed light on the applicability, acceptance, and usability of the mHealth intervention. DISCUSSION This study may provide a valuable insight into the potential of mHealth obesity interventions and the psychological processes related to physical activity behaviour. Trial registration The trial has been registered with the German Register of Clinical Studies (DRKS) on June 30, 2021 under the registration number: DRKS00024836.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Fritsch
- Institute for Sport and Sport Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Katharina Feil
- Institute for Sport and Sport Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Susanne Weyland
- Institute for Sport and Sport Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Detlef Schmidt
- Institute for Sport and Sport Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Darko Jekauc
- Institute for Sport and Sport Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
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