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Wider W, Ping Pang NT, Lin J, Fauzi MA, Jiang L, Tanucan JCM. Bibliometric Mapping of Psychological Flexibility Research: Trends and Future Directions. Percept Mot Skills 2024; 131:1207-1232. [PMID: 38727563 DOI: 10.1177/00315125241253946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
In this article, we offer an exhaustive analysis of academic work on psychological flexibility using bibliometric techniques. We identify emerging trends in a dataset of 3535 scholarly articles from the Web of Science database. We highlight key publications, map out the field's intellectual framework, and anticipate future research avenues through co-citation and co-word analytics. The co-citation assessment revealed five distinct clusters, while the co-word analysis showed three. Although research regarding psychological flexibility has gained recent popularity, there remains a need for more scholarly initiatives to achieve a nuanced understanding of this subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walton Wider
- Faculty of Business and Communications, INTI International University, Nilai, Malaysia
- Faculty of Management, Shinawatra University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Nicholas Tze Ping Pang
- Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - Jiaming Lin
- School of Economics and Management, Quanzhou University of Information Engineering, Quanzhou, China
| | - Muhammad Ashraf Fauzi
- Faculty of Industrial Management, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Gambang, Malaysia
| | - Leilei Jiang
- Faculty of Education and Liberal Arts, INTI International University, Nilai, Malaysia
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2
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Musanje K, Kasujja R, Camlin CS, Hooper N, Hope-Bell J, Sinclair DL, Kibanja GM, Mpirirwe R, Kalyango JN, Kamya MR. Effectiveness of a mindfulness and acceptance-based intervention for improving the mental health of adolescents with HIV in Uganda: An open-label trial. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301988. [PMID: 38722926 PMCID: PMC11081388 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Adolescents with HIV (AWH) face the double burden of dealing with challenges presented by their developmental phase while coping with stigma related to HIV, affecting their mental health. Poor mental health complicates adherence to daily treatment regimens, requiring innovative psychosocial support strategies for use with adolescents. We assessed the effectiveness of a mindfulness and acceptance-based intervention on the mental health of AWH in Uganda. One hundred and twenty-two AWH, mean age 17 ±1.59 (range 15 to 19 years), 57% female, receiving care at a public health facility in Kampala were enrolled in an open-label randomized trial (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05010317) with assessments at pre-and post-intervention. The mindfulness and acceptance-based intervention involved weekly 90-minute group sessions for four consecutive weeks facilitated by two experienced trainers. Sessions involved clarifying values, skillfully relating to thoughts, allowing and becoming aware of experiences non-judgmentally, and exploring life through trial and error. The control group received the current standard of care. Three mental health domains (depression, anxiety, and internalized stigma) were compared between the intervention and control groups. A linear mixed effects regression was used to analyze the effect of the intervention across the two time points. Results showed that the intervention was associated with a statistically significant reduction in symptoms of depression (β = -10.72, 95%CI: 6.25, -15.20; p < .0001), anxiety (β = -7.55, 95%CI: 2.66, -12.43; p = .0003) and stigma (β = -1.40, 95%CI: 0.66 to -2.15; p = .0004) over time. Results suggest that mindfulness and acceptance-based interventions have the potential to improve the mental health of AWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khamisi Musanje
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
- School of Psychology, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Rosco Kasujja
- School of Psychology, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Carol S. Camlin
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, United States of America
| | - Nic Hooper
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Josh Hope-Bell
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Wales, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Ruth Mpirirwe
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Joan N. Kalyango
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Moses R. Kamya
- School of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
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Armando LG, Baroetto Parisi R, Rolando C, Esiliato M, Vinciguerra V, Bertiond C, Diarassouba A, Cena C, Miglio G. Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Use of Antidepressants by Young Adults in the ASL TO4 Regione Piemonte (Italy). PHARMACY 2024; 12:21. [PMID: 38392928 PMCID: PMC10892218 DOI: 10.3390/pharmacy12010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The association between younger age and poorer mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic has been documented. Whether these changes were associated with a change in antidepressant (AD) use is not well understood. This study aimed to estimate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on AD use by young adults in the ASL TO4 Regione Piemonte (Italy). The impact of the pandemic on the weekly prevalence of AD users was assessed using interrupted time-series analysis with autoregressive integrated moving average models. A total of 1071 subjects (18-22 years with ≥1 AD dispensation) were included in the study. The observed prevalence was lower than the predicted value for several weeks after the introduction of the lockdown. However, it was consistently higher than the predicted values from week 134. The maximum difference between observed and predicted values (25 subjects per 10,000 young adults) was found at week 170. Changes in AD use were observed in both genders and were more pronounced for selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. In conclusion, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of young adults is likely to be significant in the coming years, which may place a future burden on pharmaceutical public health and community health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucrezia Greta Armando
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy;
| | - Raffaella Baroetto Parisi
- Struttura Complessa Farmacia Territoriale ASL TO4, Regione Piemonte, Via Po 11, 10034 Chivasso, Italy; (R.B.P.); (C.R.); (M.E.); (V.V.); (C.B.); (A.D.)
| | - Cristina Rolando
- Struttura Complessa Farmacia Territoriale ASL TO4, Regione Piemonte, Via Po 11, 10034 Chivasso, Italy; (R.B.P.); (C.R.); (M.E.); (V.V.); (C.B.); (A.D.)
| | - Mariangela Esiliato
- Struttura Complessa Farmacia Territoriale ASL TO4, Regione Piemonte, Via Po 11, 10034 Chivasso, Italy; (R.B.P.); (C.R.); (M.E.); (V.V.); (C.B.); (A.D.)
| | - Valeria Vinciguerra
- Struttura Complessa Farmacia Territoriale ASL TO4, Regione Piemonte, Via Po 11, 10034 Chivasso, Italy; (R.B.P.); (C.R.); (M.E.); (V.V.); (C.B.); (A.D.)
| | - Cecilia Bertiond
- Struttura Complessa Farmacia Territoriale ASL TO4, Regione Piemonte, Via Po 11, 10034 Chivasso, Italy; (R.B.P.); (C.R.); (M.E.); (V.V.); (C.B.); (A.D.)
| | - Abdoulaye Diarassouba
- Struttura Complessa Farmacia Territoriale ASL TO4, Regione Piemonte, Via Po 11, 10034 Chivasso, Italy; (R.B.P.); (C.R.); (M.E.); (V.V.); (C.B.); (A.D.)
| | - Clara Cena
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy;
| | - Gianluca Miglio
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy;
- Competence Centre for Scientific Computing, University of Turin, Corso Svizzera 185, 10149 Turin, Italy
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Carlson AS, Stegall MS, Sirotiak Z, Herrmann F, Thomas EBK. Just as Essential: The Mental Health of Educators During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2024; 18:e6. [PMID: 38234124 PMCID: PMC10904175 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2023.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic deleteriously impacted physical and mental health. In the summer of 2020, return-to-learn plans were enacted, including virtual, hybrid, and in-person plans, impacting educators and students. We examined (1) how return-to-learn plan was related to depressive and social anxiety symptoms among educators and (2) how psychological flexibility related to symptoms. METHODS Educators (N = 853) completed a survey via Qualtrics that assessed internalizing symptoms, psychological flexibility, and occupational characteristics. Two one-way analyses of variance (ANOVAs) examined between-group differences in return-to-learn plans across depression and social anxiety. Two hierarchical linear regressions examined the relation between psychological flexibility components and depressive and social anxiety symptoms. RESULTS Median T-scores were well above the national normative means for General Depression (median T-score: 81) and Social Anxiety (median T-score: 67). There were no significant differences between reopening plans in general depression nor social anxiety T-scores. Psychological flexibility accounted for 33% of the variance in depressive symptoms and 24% of the variance in social anxiety symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Results indicated high levels of psychiatric symptoms among educators during COVID-19, and psychological flexibility was associated with lower symptoms. Addressing educator mental health is of utmost importance in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manny S Stegall
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Zoe Sirotiak
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Felipe Herrmann
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Emily B K Thomas
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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Daşcı E, Salihoğlu K, Daşcı E. The relationship between tolerance for uncertainty and academic adjustment: the mediating role of students' psychological flexibility during COVID-19. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1272205. [PMID: 38046112 PMCID: PMC10691738 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1272205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction University students are among the groups most adversely affected by COVID-19 in terms of their psychological and academic wellbeing, particularly given the pandemic's uncertainty. However, little is known about their psychological flexibility to deal with this uncertain nature of pandemic. This study aimed to examine the mediating role of psychological flexibility (PF) in the relationship between university students' intolerance of uncertainty (IU) and their academic adjustment to the online learning process during COVID-19. Methods Data was collected from 388 university students from Türkiye (18-34 (Mage = 21.43, SD = 2.04) who completed five questionnaires - Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale, Acceptance and Action Questionnaire II, Academic Self Efficacy Scale, Educational Stress Scale, and Online Self-Regulatory Learning Scale. Additionally, as indicators of students' academic adjustment, perceived academic performance - ranging 1 to 10, and their last academic grade point average before and during the pandemic were also collected. Results The results indicated that PF and IU had a significant effect on the academic adjustment of students during the pandemic. PF had a complete mediating role between the IU and academic adjustment. Results also revealed that online self-regulation, a sub-dimension of academic adjustment, did not show a significant relationship with any other variable in the model. Discussion Research findings showed that psychological flexibility is a very important strength for university students to maintain their academic adjustment in stressful times. The results were discussed in light of the relevant research, and recommendations for further research and implications were provided.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kübra Salihoğlu
- Psychological Counselling and Guidance, Department of Education, Istanbul Üniversitesi-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Esra Daşcı
- Educational Psychology, Department of Education, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Türkiye
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Brito AD, Soares AB. Well-being, character strengths, and depression in emerging adults. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1238105. [PMID: 37809290 PMCID: PMC10552671 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1238105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Emerging adulthood is a period of transition between adolescence and adulthood, during which individuals explore different roles and possibilities. This period is often characterized by high levels of stress and uncertainty, which can increase the risk of depression. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between emerging adulthood dimensions, well-being, character strengths and depression, as well as to verify the differences in the levels of these elements among different groups of depressive symptomatology. Methods Participants were 1,060 individuals (741 females, 305 males) between the ages of 18 and 30 years (M = 22.3, SD = 3.72). Spearman's correlation, linear regression, and Kruskal- Wallis with pairwise post-hoc analyses were used to analyze the data. Results There were significant positive correlations between emerging adulthood dimensions, well-being, and character strengths, and negative correlations between these variables and depression. There were also significant differences in the means of the evaluated constructs among the symptomm groups. Discussion The findings suggest that emerging adulthood dimensions, well-being, and character strengths are all associated with depression in emerging adults and have important implications for the provision of interventions in health and education for emerging adults. The study provides a deeper understanding of the factors influencing depression during emerging adulthood and emphasize the importance of promoting positive psychology elements and developing personalized interventions for emerging adults. This also suggest that public policies related to mental health and education should take into account the unique needs of emerging adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almir Diego Brito
- Department of Psychology, Salgado de Oliveira University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Adriana B. Soares
- Department of Psychology, Salgado de Oliveira University, Niterói, Brazil
- Department of Psychology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Calvo V, Masaro C, Fusco C, Pellicelli C, Ghedin S, Marogna C. Eudaimonic Well-Being of Italian Young Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Predictive and Mediating Roles of Fear of Death and Psychological Inflexibility. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:5960. [PMID: 37297564 PMCID: PMC10252345 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20115960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The literature has widely acknowledged the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of young adults. Despite extensive research, eudaimonic well-being, which focuses on self-knowledge and self-realization, has been scarcely investigated. This cross-sectional study aimed to add knowledge on the eudaimonic well-being of young adults one year after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, verifying its potential linkages with fear of death and psychological inflexibility. A total of 317 young Italian adults (18-34 years), recruited through a chain sampling method, completed measures of psychological inflexibility, fear of death, and eudaimonic well-being included in an online survey. The study's hypotheses were tested with multivariate multiple regression and mediational analyses. Results showed that psychological inflexibility was negatively associated with all the dimensions of well-being, while fear of the death of others was associated with autonomy, environmental mastery, and self-acceptance. Furthermore, in the association between fear of death and well-being, the mediation role of psychological inflexibility was verified. These results contribute to the extant literature on the factors associated with eudaimonic well-being, providing clinical insights into the work with young adults within challenging times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Calvo
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Pedagogy, and Applied Psychology, University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Chiara Masaro
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Pedagogy, and Applied Psychology, University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Chiara Fusco
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Camilla Pellicelli
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Pedagogy, and Applied Psychology, University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Simona Ghedin
- Servizio per le Dipendenze ASL Roma 6, 00041 Anzio, Italy
| | - Cristina Marogna
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Pedagogy, and Applied Psychology, University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
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Silverman AL, Fua KCH, Teachman BA. More than one way to say I love you: An Internet-based intervention for training flexible thinking in romantic relationships. J Clin Psychol 2023; 79:909-936. [PMID: 36170010 PMCID: PMC10010943 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study developed and pilot-tested an adaptation of Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM) to target two aspects of relational flexibility in couples: the ability to generate alternative perspectives, and the ability to respond nondefensively when alternative partner perspectives are raised within challenging relationship situations (referred to as flexibility in partner perspectives). METHODS CBM-FlexC training materials were developed in Phase 1, and expert users (N = 4) and end-point users (N = 7) provided qualitative feedback. Feasibility and preliminary efficacy of CBM-FlexC were evaluated in Phase 2, using an online sample of distressed couples (N = 18). Using a multiple baseline design, participants completed three baseline assessments, six CBM-FlexC sessions over 2 weeks, and a 1-month follow-up. RESULTS CBM-FlexC training resulted in greater flexibility in partner perspectives, relationship satisfaction, and general psychological flexibility compared to baseline, and improvements were maintained 1-month after training when using mixed-effects models. However, analyses of reliable change (based on graphical inspection and the Reliable Change Index) indicated that most participants did not experience reliable improvement in flexibility in partner perspectives, or relationship satisfaction. CONCLUSION This pilot study provides some positive signals regarding the potential efficacy of CBM-FlexC, while pointing to the need for further development to strengthen its effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karl Cheng-Heng Fua
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia,
Charlottesville, VA
- James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA
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Zarowsky Z, Rashid T. Resilience and Wellbeing Strategies for Pandemic Fatigue in Times of Covid-19. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 8:1-36. [PMID: 36196257 PMCID: PMC9523176 DOI: 10.1007/s41042-022-00078-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is truly one of the greatest collective health crises in history which have altered our life and living. For years, people have felt fatigued from following public health directives such as social distancing, wearing masks, washing hands frequently, and working or studying remotely without in-person interactions. In this paper, we explore strategies for resilience and wellbeing which can mitigate pandemic-caused stress and behavioural fatigue. We start with individual level strategies including reworking stress appraisals, the importance of psychological flexibility, reducing loneliness through adaptive online platform use, optimizing familial relationships when living in close quarters for a prolonged period, reducing symptoms of burnout and using adaptive distractions, using specific evidence-based resilience strategies. We discuss specific considerations which tap on our shared identities and shared responsibilities which can enhance a sense of community, especially for individuals from marginalized backgrounds and how suicide risks can be minimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Zarowsky
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trial, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4 Canada
| | - Tayyab Rashid
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trial, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4 Canada
- Centre for Wellbeing Science, Melbourne Graduate School of Education, Melbourne, Australia
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Pellerin N, Raufaste E, Corman M, Teissedre F, Dambrun M. Psychological resources and flexibility predict resilient mental health trajectories during the French covid-19 lockdown. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10674. [PMID: 35739290 PMCID: PMC9219392 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14572-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The implementation of lockdowns and the Covid-19 pandemic situation have negatively impacted mental health (anxiety, depression). However, little is known about individual differences in the longitudinal reactions to lockdown. We designed a longitudinal study (a) to identify the various trajectories of symptoms of depression and anxiety in the general population during and after lockdown; (b) to determine which positive psychological resources prevent individuals from falling into groups with the most severe trajectories; (c) to test the mediating role of psychological flexibility. We collected and analysed longitudinal data on a sample of French participants (N = 1399, Mage = 43.4; SDage = 12; 87.8% women) during the end of the first lockdown. Participants were asked to report their psychological resources and (in)flexibility at baseline and symptoms of anxiety and depression at each measurment occasion (five weekly observations from 17 March to 11 May 2020, including baseline). Using growth mixture modelling, seven dynamic profiles of symptoms were identified: four for depression and three for anxiety. Resilience emerged as the most frequent trajectory. Wisdom, optimism, hope, self-efficacy and peaceful disengagement significantly prevented individuals from belonging to the symptomatic groups. Moreover, psychological flexibility emerged as a significant mediator of these effects. This study highlights the importance of cultivating protective factors and psychological flexibility to prevent mental health damage during potentially traumatic events (PTE) and to favour resilience trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Pellerin
- CLLE, CNRS UMR 5263, Universite Toulouse 2 Jean Jaures (UT2J), 5 Allees A. Machado, 31058, Toulouse Cedex, France.
| | - Eric Raufaste
- CLLE, CNRS UMR 5263, Universite Toulouse 2 Jean Jaures (UT2J), 5 Allees A. Machado, 31058, Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Maya Corman
- LAPSCO, CNRS UMR 6024, Universite Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Michael Dambrun
- LAPSCO, CNRS UMR 6024, Universite Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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11
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Landi G, Pakenham KI, Crocetti E, Tossani E, Grandi S. The trajectories of anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic and the protective role of psychological flexibility: A four-wave longitudinal study. J Affect Disord 2022; 307:69-78. [PMID: 35378147 PMCID: PMC8972980 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.03.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Published reports on the adverse mental health impacts of the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic suggest an emerging global mental health crisis. However, the trajectories of these mental health impacts over multiple COVID-19 peaks and corresponding lockdowns are unknown. This study explored the trajectories of anxiety and depression over two consecutive lockdowns during the first nine months of the pandemic in Europe (April 2020-January 2021) and examined whether they varied as a function of different psychological flexibility and inflexibility profiles. METHODS A total of 569 Italians completed online surveys at four assessment points. Trajectories of anxiety and depression were examined with latent growth modeling and according to different psychological flexibility and inflexibility profiles. RESULTS Anxiety increased linearly throughout the study period, whereas depression displayed a quadratic trajectory evidencing a decrease with the easing of the first lockdown followed by an increase during the second lockdown. Furthermore, two profiles were identified that displayed different anxiety and depression trajectories. Compared to the psychologically flexible profile, the psychologically inflexible profile reported significantly higher anxiety and depression which remained higher across the study period. LIMITATIONS A reliance on self-report measures and convenience sampling constitute key study limitations. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that high psychological inflexibility is a risk factor for prolonged elevated anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic, whereas high psychological flexibility is a protective factor. Psychological flexibility and inflexibility should be targeted by preventive public health interventions that harness evidence-based strategies shown to effectively target these factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Landi
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 5, 40127 Bologna, Italy; Laboratory of Psychosomatics and Clinimetrics, Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Viale Europa 115, 47023 Cesena, Italy.
| | - Kenneth I. Pakenham
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Elisabetta Crocetti
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 5, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Eliana Tossani
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 5, 40127 Bologna, Italy,Laboratory of Psychosomatics and Clinimetrics, Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Viale Europa 115, 47023 Cesena, Italy
| | - Silvana Grandi
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 5, 40127 Bologna, Italy,Laboratory of Psychosomatics and Clinimetrics, Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Viale Europa 115, 47023 Cesena, Italy
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12
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Psychological Capital, Well-being, and Distress of International Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COUNSELLING 2022; 44:529-549. [PMID: 35730062 PMCID: PMC9199344 DOI: 10.1007/s10447-022-09473-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
International students continue to experience myriad of challenges, some of which further transpired disproportionately during the COVID-19 pandemic era. To this effect, this study investigated psychological capital (PsyCap), psychological distress, and well-being among 188 international students attending U.S universities. Results using Hayes PROCESS indicated that well-being mediated the relationship between PsyCap and psychological distress and in particular moderated the relationship between PsyCap and depression. When higher education institutions are considering steps to mitigate psychological distress experienced by international students during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond, based on the findings of our study, we suggest investing efforts and resources into two aspects: (a) promotion of positive mental health and well-being and (b) identification and development of positive psychological capital. We further discuss these results and implications for mental health promotion of international students in light of its limitations and recommendations for future research.
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Kavčič T, Avsec A, Zager Kocjan G. Coping profiles and their association with psychological functioning: A latent profile analysis of coping strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021; 185:111287. [PMID: 34584300 PMCID: PMC8461263 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2021.111287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
While many adversities affect limited groups of people, the COVID-19 pandemic brought a range of stressors to entire populations. Using a person-centered approach, this study analyzed the most frequent combinations of coping strategies used by general population during the first wave of the pandemic in a sample of 1347 Slovenian adults. Latent profile analysis identified three coping profiles similar to those found in previous studies in specific samples and stressful circumstances: the engaged profile (active coping, planning, acceptance, positive reframing), the disengaged profile (low problem-focused coping, social support, acceptance, positive reframing), and the avoidant profile (substance use, self-blame, humor). Individuals with the engaged profile reported the highest levels of well-being and the lowest levels of ill-being. While individuals with the avoidant profile had the highest levels of anxiety and stress, those with the disengaged profile had the lowest levels of well-being, especially engagement and positive relationships. The results imply the need to distinguish between the two less adaptive coping profiles, as one is characterized by the active use of dysfunctional strategies, and the other by the low use of all strategies, suggesting that psychological interventions should be tailored to these specificities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Kavčič
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Zdravstvena pot 5, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Andreja Avsec
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gaja Zager Kocjan
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Yang H, Xian X, Hu J, Millis JM, Zhao H, Lu X, Sang X, Zhong S, Zhang H, Yin P, Mao Y. Public Psychosocial and Behavioral Responses in the First Wave of COVID-19 Pandemic: A Large Survey in China. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:676914. [PMID: 34393844 PMCID: PMC8355736 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.676914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 has grown into a global pandemic. This study investigated the public psychosocial and behavioral responses through different time periods of the pandemic, and assessed whether these changes are different in age, gender, and region. Methods: A three-phase survey was conducted through the DaDui Social Q&A Software for COVID-19. A total of 13,214 effective responses of COVID-19 were collected. Statistical analysis was performed based on their basic information and psychosocial responses. Results: The degree of attention, understanding, and cooperation with preventive and control measures of the disease increased and then decreased. The panic level gradually increased with the epidemic process. The degree of satisfaction with management measures and of confidence in defeating COVID-19 increased throughout the survey. Compared with residents in other areas, respondents from the COVID-19 epicenter (Wuhan) reported a higher degree of self-protection during the outbreak and a significantly lower degree of satisfaction with respect to government prevention and control measures during all phases. Shortages of medical supplies and low testing capacity were reported as the biggest shortcoming in the prevention and control strategies during COVID-19, and an abundance of disorderly and inaccurate information from different sources was the primary cause of panic. Conclusions and Relevance: Major public health events elicit psychosocial and behavioral changes that reflect the different phases of the biologic curve. Sufficient medical supplies and improved organization and accurate information during epidemics may reduce panic and improve compliance with requested changes in behavior. We need to recognize this natural phenomenon and our public policy preparedness should attempt to move the social/psychological curve to the left in order to minimize and flatten the biologic curve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huayu Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, PUMC & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomeng Xian
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, PUMC & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - J Michael Millis
- Department of Surgery, Global Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Haitao Zhao
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, PUMC & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing, China
| | - Xin Lu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, PUMC & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing, China
| | - Xinting Sang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, PUMC & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing, China
| | - Shouxian Zhong
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, PUMC & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- International Relations and Social Development Division, Horizon iDataWay, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Yin
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yilei Mao
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, PUMC & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing, China
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