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Barbosa-Camacho FJ, Rodríguez-Machuca VU, Ibarrola-Peña JC, Chejfec-Ciociano JM, Guzmán-Ruvalcaba MJ, Tavares-Ortega JA, Delgado-Hernandez G, Cervantes-Guevara G, Cervantes-Pérez E, Ramírez-Ochoa S, Fuentes-Orozco C, Gonzalez-Ojeda A. COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on medical interns' mental health of public and private hospitals in Guadalajara. MEDICAL EDUCATION ONLINE 2024; 29:2308360. [PMID: 38281205 PMCID: PMC10823882 DOI: 10.1080/10872981.2024.2308360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Burnout syndrome is a global burden characterized by exhaustion, work detachment, and a sense of ineffectiveness. It affects millions of individuals worldwide, with a particularly high prevalence among medical students. Factors such as demanding education, exposure to suffering, and the COVID-19 pandemic have contributed to elevated stress levels. Addressing this issue is crucial due to its impact on well-being and health-care quality. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional survey study assessed fear of COVID-19 and burnout levels among medical student interns in hospitals in Guadalajara, Jalisco. The study used validated scales and collected data from September 2021 to September 2022. A snowball sampling method was employed and a minimum sample size of 198 participants was calculated. RESULTS This study included 311 medical students (62.1% female and 37.9% male with a mean age of 23.51 ± 2.21 years). The majority were in their second semester of internship (60.5%) and from public hospitals (89.1%). Most students believed that the COVID-19 pandemic affected the quality of their internship (82.6%). Female students had higher personal burnout scores, while male students had higher work-related burnout scores. The mean score for fear of COVID-19 was 13.71 ± 6.28, with higher scores among women (p = 0.004) and those from public hospitals (p = 0.009). A positive weak correlation was found between COVID-19 scores and burnout subscales. CONCLUSION Our study emphasizes the significant impact of various factors on burnout levels among medical students and health-care professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic. Prolonged exposure to COVID-19 patients, reduced staffing, and increased workload contributed to burnout, affecting well-being and quality of care. Targeted interventions and resilience-building strategies are needed to mitigate burnout and promote well-being in health-care settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco José Barbosa-Camacho
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica 02 Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
- Hospital Civil de Guadalajara “Fray Antonio Alcalde”, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | | | - Juan Carlos Ibarrola-Peña
- Hospital General y Medicina Familiar de Zona No. 2, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Nuevo León, Monterrey, México
| | - Jonathan Matías Chejfec-Ciociano
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica 02 Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Mario Jesús Guzmán-Ruvalcaba
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica 02 Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Jaime Alberto Tavares-Ortega
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica 02 Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Gonzalo Delgado-Hernandez
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica 02 Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Gabino Cervantes-Guevara
- Departamento de Bienestar y Desarrollo Sustentable, Centro Universitario del Norte, Universidad de Guadalajara, Colotlán, Jalisco, México
| | - Enrique Cervantes-Pérez
- Hospital Civil de Guadalajara “Fray Antonio Alcalde”, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Sol Ramírez-Ochoa
- Hospital Civil de Guadalajara “Fray Antonio Alcalde”, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Clotilde Fuentes-Orozco
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica 02 Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Alejandro Gonzalez-Ojeda
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica 02 Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
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Pant B, Safdar S, Santillana M, Gumel AB. Mathematical Assessment of the Role of Human Behavior Changes on SARS-CoV-2 Transmission Dynamics in the United States. Bull Math Biol 2024; 86:92. [PMID: 38888744 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-024-01324-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has not only presented a major global public health and socio-economic crisis, but has also significantly impacted human behavior towards adherence (or lack thereof) to public health intervention and mitigation measures implemented in communities worldwide. This study is based on the use of mathematical modeling approaches to assess the extent to which SARS-CoV-2 transmission dynamics is impacted by population-level changes of human behavior due to factors such as (a) the severity of transmission (such as disease-induced mortality and level of symptomatic transmission), (b) fatigue due to the implementation of mitigation interventions measures (e.g., lockdowns) over a long (extended) period of time, (c) social peer-pressure, among others. A novel behavior-epidemiology model, which takes the form of a deterministic system of nonlinear differential equations, is developed and fitted using observed cumulative SARS-CoV-2 mortality data during the first wave in the United States. The model fits the observed data, as well as makes a more accurate prediction of the observed daily SARS-CoV-2 mortality during the first wave (March 2020-June 2020), in comparison to the equivalent model which does not explicitly account for changes in human behavior. This study suggests that, as more newly-infected individuals become asymptomatically-infectious, the overall level of positive behavior change can be expected to significantly decrease (while new cases may rise, particularly if asymptomatic individuals have higher contact rate, in comparison to symptomatic individuals).
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Affiliation(s)
- Binod Pant
- Department of Mathematics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Salman Safdar
- Department of Mathematics, University of Karachi, University Road, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Mauricio Santillana
- Machine Intelligence Group for the Betterment of Health and the Environment, Network Science Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Communicable Disease Dynamics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Abba B Gumel
- Department of Mathematics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
- Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa.
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Sagastume D, Serra A, Gerlach N, Portela A, Beňová L. Interventions to maintain essential services for maternal, newborn, child, and adolescent health during the COVID-19 pandemic: A scoping review of evidence from low- and middle-income countries. J Glob Health 2024; 14:05024. [PMID: 38867685 PMCID: PMC11170233 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.14.05024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had challenged health systems worldwide, including those in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Aside from measures to control the pandemic, efforts were made to continue the provision and use of essential services. At that time, information was not organised and readily available to guide country-level decision-making. This review aims to summarise evaluated interventions to maintain essential services for maternal, newborn, child, and adolescent health in response to COVID-19 in LMICs, in order to learn from the interventions and facilitate their use in the next disruption. Methods We conducted a scoping review by Embase, MEDLINE, and Global Health for literature published between 1 January 2020 and 26 December 2022, without restrictions for language. We extracted information about the setting, population targeted, service type, intervention, and evaluation from the included studies and summarised it both quantitatively and narratively. Results We retrieved 11 395 unique references and included 30 studies describing 32 evaluated interventions. Most interventions (84%) were implemented in 2020, with a median duration of five months (interquartile range (IQR) = 3-8), and were conducted in Africa (34%) or Southeast Asia (31%). Interventions focussed on maintaining services for maternal and newborn health (56%) or children and adolescents (56%) were most common. Interventions aimed to address problems related to access (94%), fear (31%), health workers shortage (25%), and vulnerability (22%). Types of interventions included telehealth (69%), protocols/guidelines to adapt care provision (56%), and health education (40%); a few entailed health worker training (16%). The described interventions were mostly led by the public (56%) or non-profit (34%) sectors. Methodologies of their evaluations were heterogeneous; the majority used quantitative methods, had a prospective research design, and used output- and outcome-based indicators. Conclusions In this review, we identified an important and growing body of evidence of evaluated interventions to maintain essential services for maternal, newborn, child, and adolescent health during COVID-19 in LMICs. To improve preparedness and responsiveness for future disruptions, managers for decision-makers in LMICs could benefit from up-to-date inventories describing implemented interventions and evaluations to facilitate evidence-based implementation of strategies, as well as tools for conducting optimal quality operational and implementation research during disruptions (e.g. rapid ethical approvals, access to routine data).
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Sagastume
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Public Health, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Aloma Serra
- London School of Economics and Political Science, Department of International Development, London, UK
- United Nations Development Programme, Department of Climate Change and Energy, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | - Anayda Portela
- World Health Organization, Department of Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health and Ageing, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lenka Beňová
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Public Health, Antwerp, Belgium
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Chang O, Levitt A, Khalid M, Kodeeswaran S, Markoulakis R. The prevalence of mental health and addiction concerns and factors associated with depression and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario, Canada: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0305229. [PMID: 38865358 PMCID: PMC11168667 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Higher than expected rates of mental health and/or addiction (MHA) concerns have been documented since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. A more up-to-date prevalence of MHA outcomes and the factors associated with the occurrence of MHA concerns remains unclear. This study examined the prevalence of MHA outcomes and factors associated with screening positive for symptoms of depression only, anxiety only, and both depression and anxiety two years into the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario, Canada. METHOD Ontario adults ≥18 years of age (n = 5000) reported on the presence of symptoms associated with depression, anxiety, and substance use between January and March 2022. Data were also collected on pandemic-related health variables, including COVID-19 infection fear, changes in socioeconomic status and mental health since pandemic onset, satisfaction with social supports, and MHA service needs. RESULTS The prevalence of positive screening for depressive or anxiety symptoms only was 8% and 11%, respectively, while 36% screened positive for both. Moderate/high risk levels of substance use were found in 20% of participants for tobacco and 17% for both alcohol and cannabis. Moderate/high risk levels of alcohol use and certain pandemic-related factors (negative change in mental health, unmet MHA service needs) were associated with positive screening for symptoms of depression only, anxiety only, and both depression and anxiety. Satisfaction with social supports was associated with lower likelihoods of being in the depression only and both depression and anxiety groups, and non-White ethnicity was associated with depression only. CONCLUSIONS There was a continued burden of MHA issues two years into the pandemic. These results underscore the ongoing need for timely and accessible MHA services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oswin Chang
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anthony Levitt
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Family Navigation Project, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program and Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maida Khalid
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sugy Kodeeswaran
- Family Navigation Project, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roula Markoulakis
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Li J, Pandian V, Fong DYT, Lok KYW, Wong JYH, Man Ho M, Choi EPH, Davidson PM, Duan W, Tarrant M, Lee JJ, Lin CC, Akingbade O, Alabdulwahhab KM, Ahmad MS, Alboraie M, Alzahrani MA, Bilimale AS, Boonpatcharanon S, Byiringiro S, Hasan MKC, Schettini LC, Corzo W, De Leon JM, De Leon AS, Deek H, Efficace F, El Nayal MA, El-Raey F, Ensaldo-Carrasco E, Escotorin P, Fadodun OA, Fawole IO, Goh YSS, Irawan D, Khan NE, Koirala B, Krishna A, Kwok C, Le TT, Leal DG, Lezana-Fernández MÁ, Manirambona E, Mantoani LC, Meneses-González F, Mohamed IE, Mukeshimana M, Nguyen CTM, Nguyen HTT, Nguyen KT, Nguyen ST, Nurumal MS, Nzabonimana A, Omer NAMA, Ogungbe O, Poon ACY, Reséndiz-Rodriguez A, Puang-Ngern B, Sagun CG, Shaik RA, Shankar NG, Sommer K, Toro E, Tran HTH, Urgel EL, Uwiringiyimana E, Vanichbuncha T, Youssef N. Fear in general populations: A cross-sectional study on perceived fear of common diseases, COVID-19, life events, and environmental threats in 30 countries. J Glob Health 2024; 14:05019. [PMID: 38843040 PMCID: PMC11156250 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.14.05019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background In this study, we assessed the general population's fears towards various diseases and events, aiming to inform public health strategies that balance health-seeking behaviours. Methods We surveyed adults from 30 countries across all World Health Organization (WHO) regions between July 2020 and August 2021. Participants rated their fear of 11 factors on an 11-point Likert scale. We stratified the data by age and gender and examined variations across countries and regions through multidimensional preference analysis. Results Of the 16 512 adult participants, 62.7% (n = 10 351) were women. The most feared factor was the loss of family members, reported by 4232 participants (25.9%), followed by cancer (n = 2248, 13.7%) and stroke (n = 1416, 8.7%). The highest weighted fear scores were for loss of family members (mean (x̄) = 7.46, standard deviation (SD) = 3.04), cancer (x̄ = 7.00, SD = 3.09), and stroke (x̄ = 6.61, SD = 3.24). The least feared factors included animals/insects (x̄ = 3.72, SD = 2.96), loss of a mobile phone (x̄ = 4.27, SD = 2.98), and social isolation (x̄ = 4.83, SD = 3.13). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was the sixth most feared factor (x̄ = 6.23, SD = 2.92). Multidimensional preference analyses showed distinct fears of COVID-19 and job loss in Australia and Burundi. The other countries primarily feared loss of family members, cancer, stroke, and heart attacks; this ranking was consistent across WHO regions, economic levels, and COVID-19 severity levels. Conclusions Fear of family loss can improve public health messaging, highlighting the need for bereavement support and the prevention of early death-causing diseases. Addressing cancer fears is crucial to encouraging the use of preventive services. Fear of non-communicable diseases remains high during health emergencies. Top fears require more resources and countries with similar concerns should collaborate internationally for effective fear management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Li
- School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Vinciya Pandian
- School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Daniel Yee Tak Fong
- School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kris Yuet Wan Lok
- School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Janet Yuen Ha Wong
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mandy Man Ho
- School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Edmond Pui Hang Choi
- School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Patricia M Davidson
- Vice-Chancellor and Principal, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Wenjie Duan
- Department of Social Work, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Marie Tarrant
- School of Nursing, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jung Jae Lee
- School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chia-Chin Lin
- School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Oluwadamilare Akingbade
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Institute of Nursing Research, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
| | | | - Mohammad Shakil Ahmad
- Department of Family & Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Alboraie
- Department of Internal Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Meshari A Alzahrani
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anil S Bilimale
- School of Public Health, JSS Medical College, JSS AHER, Mysuru, India
| | | | - Samuel Byiringiro
- School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hiba Deek
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Science, Beirut Arab University, Lebanon
| | - Fabio Efficace
- Italian Group for Adult Hematologic Disease, Data Center and Health Outcomes Research Unit, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Fathiya El-Raey
- Department of hepatogastroenterology and infectious diseases, Damietta faculty of medicine, Al-Azher University, Egypt
| | | | - Pilar Escotorin
- Laboratory of Applied Prosocial Research, Department of Basic, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Yong-Shian Shawn Goh
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Devi Irawan
- School of Nursing, Wijaya Husada Health Institute, Bogor, Indonesia
| | | | - Binu Koirala
- School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Cannas Kwok
- School of Nursing, Paramedicine and Health Care Science, Charles Sturt University, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Emery Manirambona
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Leandro Cruz Mantoani
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | | | - Iman Elmahdi Mohamed
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Benghazi University, Libya
| | - Madeleine Mukeshimana
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
| | | | | | | | | | - Mohd Said Nurumal
- Kulliyyah of Nursing, International Islamic University, Kuantan, Malaysia
| | - Aimable Nzabonimana
- Center for Language Enhancement, College of Arts and Social Sciences, University of Rwanda, Huye, Rwanda
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ceryl G Sagun
- School of Nursing, Centro Escolar University, Manila, Philippines
| | - Riyaz Ahmed Shaik
- Department of Family & Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Kathrin Sommer
- Italian Group for Adult Hematologic Disease, Data Center and Health Outcomes Research Unit, Rome, Italy
| | - Edgardo Toro
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, School of Social Work, Valparaíso, Chile
| | | | - Elvira L Urgel
- School of Nursing, Centro Escolar University, Manila, Philippines
| | | | - Tita Vanichbuncha
- Department of Statistics, Chulalongkorn Business School, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Naglaa Youssef
- Medical-surgical Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Cairo University, Egypt
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Chen S, Cheng C. Unveiling Coronasomnia: Pandemic Stress and Sleep Problems During the COVID-19 Outbreak. Nat Sci Sleep 2024; 16:543-553. [PMID: 38827389 PMCID: PMC11141769 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s459945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic posed an unprecedented challenge to public well-being, necessitating an examination of its health impact. This review discusses the relationship between pandemic-induced stressors and individual sleep patterns and quality. The pandemic stressors include lockdown or physical distancing measures, direct virus exposure, and the dissemination of misinformation and disinformation. The pandemic led to delayed sleep-wake cycles, except for healthcare professionals, and worsened sleep quality. The prevalence of insomnia was higher for women due to pre-existing conditions and susceptibility stressors such as lockdown stress and family responsibilities. Healthcare professionals, who experienced worsened work conditions during the pandemic, reported higher rates of insomnia and sleep difficulties due to infection anxiety and post-traumatic stress from direct virus exposure. For the general population, stress stemmed from social isolation under lockdown and overwhelming false information available online, resulting in sleep problems. Taken together, the findings highlight the importance of promoting social interactions, providing psychological support services, and caution in navigating health information. In summary, this review underscores the need for individual- and group-centered approaches in ongoing research and interventions to address pandemic-related stress and sleep issues during COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Chen
- Social and Health Psychology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cecilia Cheng
- Social and Health Psychology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
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McEvoy M, Caccaviello G, Crombie A, Skinner T, Begg SJ, Faulkner P, McEvoy A, Masman K, Bamforth L, Parker C, Stanyer E, Collings A, Li X. Health and Wellbeing of Regional and Rural Australian Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Baseline Cross-Sectional Findings from the Loddon Mallee Healthcare Worker COVID-19 Study-A Prospective Cohort Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:649. [PMID: 38791863 PMCID: PMC11120829 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21050649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus 19 (COVID-19) has created complex pressures and challenges for healthcare systems worldwide; however, little is known about the impacts COVID-19 has had on regional/rural healthcare workers. The Loddon Mallee Healthcare Worker COVID-19 Study (LMHCWCS) cohort was established to explore and describe the immediate and long-term impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on regional and rural healthcare workers. METHODS Eligible healthcare workers employed within 23 different healthcare organisations located in the Loddon Mallee region of Victoria, Australia, were included. In this cohort study, a total of 1313 participants were recruited from November 2020-May 2021. Symptoms of depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress, and burnout were measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), Impact of Events Scale-6 (IES-6), and Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI), respectively. Resilience and optimism were measured using the Brief Resilience Scale and Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R), respectively. Subjective fear of COVID-19 was measured using the Fear of COVID-19 Scale. RESULTS These cross-sectional baseline findings demonstrate that regional/rural healthcare workers were experiencing moderate/severe depressive symptoms (n = 211, 16.1%), moderate to severe anxiety symptoms (n = 193, 14.7%), and high personal or patient/client burnout with median total scores of 46.4 (IQR = 28.6) and 25.0 (IQR = 29.2), respectively. There was a moderate degree of COVID-19-related fear. However, most participants demonstrated a normal/high degree of resilience (n = 854, 65.0%). Based on self-reporting, 15.4% had a BMI from 18.5 to 24.9 kgm2 and 37.0% have a BMI of 25 kgm2 or over. Overall, 7.3% of participants reported they were current smokers and 20.6% reported alcohol consumption that is considered moderate/high-risk drinking. Only 21.2% of the sample reported consuming four or more serves of vegetables daily and 37.8% reported consuming two or more serves of fruit daily. There were 48.0% the sample who reported having poor sleep quality measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). CONCLUSION Regional/rural healthcare workers in Victoria, Australia, were experiencing a moderate to high degree of psychological distress during the early stages of the pandemic. However, most participants demonstrated a normal/high degree of resilience. Findings will be used to inform policy options to support healthcare workers in responding to future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark McEvoy
- La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC 3550, Australia;
| | | | - Angela Crombie
- Bendigo Health, Bendigo, VIC 3550, Australia; (A.C.); (P.F.); (K.M.); (L.B.); (C.P.); (E.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Timothy Skinner
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC 3550, Australia;
| | - Stephen J. Begg
- La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC 3550, Australia;
| | - Peter Faulkner
- Bendigo Health, Bendigo, VIC 3550, Australia; (A.C.); (P.F.); (K.M.); (L.B.); (C.P.); (E.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Anne McEvoy
- Kyabram District Health Service, Kyabram, VIC 3620, Australia;
| | - Kevin Masman
- Bendigo Health, Bendigo, VIC 3550, Australia; (A.C.); (P.F.); (K.M.); (L.B.); (C.P.); (E.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Laura Bamforth
- Bendigo Health, Bendigo, VIC 3550, Australia; (A.C.); (P.F.); (K.M.); (L.B.); (C.P.); (E.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Carol Parker
- Bendigo Health, Bendigo, VIC 3550, Australia; (A.C.); (P.F.); (K.M.); (L.B.); (C.P.); (E.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Evan Stanyer
- Bendigo Health, Bendigo, VIC 3550, Australia; (A.C.); (P.F.); (K.M.); (L.B.); (C.P.); (E.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Amanda Collings
- Bendigo Health, Bendigo, VIC 3550, Australia; (A.C.); (P.F.); (K.M.); (L.B.); (C.P.); (E.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3550, Australia;
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Ergin E, Sezer H, Çinar D, Düzenli Öztürk S. Health Protection And Improvement Sensitivity For Covid-19 Pandemic: Turkey's Case. SOCIAL WORK IN PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 39:250-260. [PMID: 38419550 DOI: 10.1080/19371918.2024.2322601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
This descriptive study was aimed at identifying the anxiety levels of Turkish people in the first three months of the pandemic, the coping methods they use to control this anxiety, and their knowledge and behavior about protection and prevention against COVID-19. The data were collected from 571 individuals. Of the individuals, 84.6% had anxiety. The anxiety levels of those who kept working during the pandemic were significantly higher than were the anxiety levels of those who did not (p < .05). The participants experienced a moderate level of anxiety, and they mostly used relaxation techniques, music therapy, and prayer/worship to cope with anxiety. The knowledge level of the individuals about COVID-19 was moderate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eda Ergin
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of İzmir Bakırçay, İzmir, TURKEY
| | - Hale Sezer
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of İzmir Bakırçay, İzmir, TURKEY
| | - Derya Çinar
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of İzmir Bakırçay, İzmir, TURKEY
| | - Seren Düzenli Öztürk
- Department of Speech and Language Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, İzmir Bakircay University, İzmir, TURKEY
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Zha P, Zhang C, Qureshi R, Cai G, Huang L, Liu Y. Psychometric evaluation of the Chinese version of new fear of the coronavirus questionnaire. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37282. [PMID: 38428903 PMCID: PMC10906590 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The fear of COVID-19 significantly impacting the health of people globally. This study translated newly developed measurement tool New Fear of the Coronavirus Questionnaire (New_FCQ) into Chinese language and evaluated the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of New_FCQ among Chinese population. A total of 522 participants were included in the study. Internal consistency, construct validity, criterion validity, and concurrent validity of the Chinese version of New_FCQ were assessed in this study. The Chinese version of New_FCQ had excellent internal consistency (α = 0.97) and exploratory factor analysis demonstrated one-dimensional structure of the Chinese version of New_FCQ. The preliminary criterion validity revealed statistically significant differences in the fear of COVID-19 scores based on age and education level (P = .002 and P = .03, respectively). The good concurrent validity also established with the Chinese version Fear of COVID-19 Scale(P < .001). Psychometric proportions of the Chinese version of New_FCQ were established, which exhibited sufficient validity and reliability among Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- PeiJia Zha
- Division of Nursing Science, School of Nursing, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ
| | | | - Rubab Qureshi
- Division of Nursing Science, School of Nursing, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ
| | - GuiGui Cai
- Department of Nursing, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - LiHong Huang
- Department of Nursing, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Nursing, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Omale UI, Uduma VU, Adeke AS, Ikegwuonu CO, Nkwo GE, Nwali UI, Nnachi OO, Ukpabi OO, Okeke IM, Ewah RL, Iyare O, Oka OU, Amuzie CI. COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccination experiences and perceptions and their predictors among community members during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ebonyi state, Nigeria: an analytical cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:567. [PMID: 38388448 PMCID: PMC10885597 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18028-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 is still a disease of global public health importance which requires long term application of control measures as millions of new infections or re-infections and thousands of related deaths still occur worldwide and the risk of an upsurge from new strains of the virus continues to be a threat. The decrease in the use of and non-use of preventive public health measures are among the factors fuelling the disease. The (previous) experiences and perceptions of people regarding the COVID-19 pandemic, COVID-19 vaccination, and the vaccination process are factors that will influence subsequent use of preventive/control measures. We explored the COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccination and the vaccination process experiences and perceptions, and their predictors, among the community members in Ebonyi state, Nigeria. METHODS We conducted an analytical cross-sectional study between March 12 and May 9, 2022 among all consenting/assenting community members aged 15 years and above in 28 randomly selected geographical clusters. A structured interviewer-administered electronic questionnaire in KoBoCollect installed in android devices was used to collect data which was analysed using descriptive statistics and bivariate and multivariate generalized estimating equations. RESULTS Of the 10,825 community members surveyed: only 31.6% had strong COVID-19 experience and perception, 72.2% had good COVID-19 vaccination expectation and perception, and only 54.2% had positive COVID-19 vaccination process experience and perception. The most important predictors of the extent/level of COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccination and the vaccination process experiences and perceptions were level of attitude towards COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccination and level of knowledge about COVID-19. Other important predictors were marital status, educational level, and main occupation. CONCLUSIONS This study's evidence, including the identified predictors, will inform subsequent policy actions regarding COVID-19 in the strategies to improve the COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccination and the vaccination process experiences and perceptions of community members (and their use of preventive/control measures) in Ebonyi state and Nigeria, and other similar contexts. It will also inform future policy actions/strategies regarding similar diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugwu I Omale
- Department of Community Medicine, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki (AEFUTHA), Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria.
| | - Victor U Uduma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki (AEFUTHA), Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
| | - Azuka S Adeke
- Department of Community Medicine, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki (AEFUTHA), Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
| | - Cordis O Ikegwuonu
- Department of Community Medicine, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki (AEFUTHA), Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
| | - Glory E Nkwo
- Department of Community Medicine, Federal Medical Centre Umuahia, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria
| | - Ugochi Ia Nwali
- Department of Community Medicine, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki (AEFUTHA), Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
| | - Olaedo O Nnachi
- Department of Community Medicine, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki (AEFUTHA), Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
| | - Okechukwu O Ukpabi
- Department of Community Medicine, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki (AEFUTHA), Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
| | - Ifeyinwa M Okeke
- Department of Community Medicine, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki (AEFUTHA), Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
| | - Richard L Ewah
- Department of Anaesthesia, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki (AEFUTHA), Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
- Anaesthesia Unit, Department of Surgery, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
| | - Osarhiemen Iyare
- Department of Community Medicine, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki (AEFUTHA), Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
| | - Onyinyechukwu U Oka
- Department of Community Medicine, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki (AEFUTHA), Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
| | - Chidinma I Amuzie
- Department of Community Medicine, Federal Medical Centre Umuahia, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria
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11
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Galushko V, Riabchyk A. The demand for online grocery shopping: COVID-induced changes in grocery shopping behavior of Canadian consumers. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0295538. [PMID: 38330076 PMCID: PMC10852330 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a lasting impact on many economies around the globe. One area where significant changes have been documented is consumer behavior. A questionnaire survey was carried out to understand the impact of COVID-19 on grocery purchase behavior of Canadian consumers and evaluate the permanence of these effects. With a focus on online grocery shopping, this work integrates multiple existing theories of consumer behavior to explore the influence of different factors on consumers' adoption of online mode of grocery shopping during the pandemic and their intentions to continue the use of this mode in the post-pandemic world. A total of more than 600 usable survey responses were analyzed using statistical analysis and a Logit econometrics technique. The results reveal that 72% of the survey participants had to alter their grocery shopping habits as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic; 63% of these consumers claim that the changes that occurred would prevail in the future, with no return to the "pre-COVID normal". The results also show that the pandemic resulted in significant proliferation of online grocery shopping among Canadian consumers. Further, the findings show that the important factors that explain adoption of online grocery shopping and the shift towards higher reliance on online grocery purchases in the future include the perceived threat of COVID, pre-COVID shopping habits, socio-demographic characteristics, and the variables that capture technological opportunities and abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoriya Galushko
- Economics Department, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Alla Riabchyk
- Department of Marketing and International Trade, National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
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van Rijn L, Metz MJ, van der Velden PR, Mathijsen P, Swildens WE, Schellekens AFA, Cahn W, Milota MM, Zinkstok JR. 'I am proud of how I handled it'. Exploring the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and related restrictions on well-being of adults with severe mental illness using qualitative methods. Health Expect 2024; 27:e13983. [PMID: 38348759 PMCID: PMC10862174 DOI: 10.1111/hex.13983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and related restrictions globally impacted mental health, particularly for those with pre-existing severe mental illness (SMI). This qualitative study examined how adults with SMI perceived the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and related restrictions in the Netherlands, focusing on their personal recovery, well-being and daily life, including an exploration of factors influencing these effects. METHODS Semi-structured interviews were conducted, audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Reflexive thematic analysis was applied. Purposive sampling was used to ensure diversity of individuals with SMI (i.e., age, gender, diagnosis, cultural background and mental healthcare institution). RESULTS Twenty participants (median age: 45 years [SD: 12, 8]; 11 females) were interviewed between May and July 2023. Findings revealed a wide range of experiences: while some individuals reported a negative impact on their existing psychiatric symptoms, others described adaptability, resilience and even positive effects of COVID-19 restrictions on their mental health and well-being. Factors influencing the heterogeneic perceptions of the COVID-19 pandemic and related restrictions include the availability of trusted social relationships and enduring interactions with health professionals. CONCLUSION Personalised support, both socially and professionally, is crucial for addressing fears, building resilience, reducing isolation and encouraging positive coping strategies for individuals with SMI during external crises. In this project, a participatory research approach that integrated the lived experience perspective helped uncover the unique perceptions of people with SMI with regard to the pandemic and related restrictions. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION The study used a participatory action research approach, with experts-by-experience involved in every stage of the project as part of the research team. This included engagement with the funding application process, recruitment strategies for interviews, developing the interview guide, piloting the interview, interpreting findings, and knowledge dissemination activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. van Rijn
- Department of PsychiatryRadboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute For Brain, Cognition, and BehaviorNijmegenThe Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain CenterUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - M. J. Metz
- GGz BreburgInstitute for Mental Health CareBredaThe Netherlands
- Tranzo Scientific Center for Care and WellbeingTilburg UniversityTilburgThe Netherlands
| | | | - P. Mathijsen
- GGz BreburgInstitute for Mental Health CareBredaThe Netherlands
| | - W. E. Swildens
- Altrecht, Institute for Mental Health CareUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Inholland University of Applied ScienceAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - A. F. A. Schellekens
- Department of PsychiatryRadboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute For Brain, Cognition, and BehaviorNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - W. Cahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain CenterUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Altrecht, Institute for Mental Health CareUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - M. M. Milota
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary CareUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - J. R. Zinkstok
- Department of PsychiatryRadboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute For Brain, Cognition, and BehaviorNijmegenThe Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain CenterUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Karakter Child and Adolescent Mental Health CareNijmegenThe Netherlands
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Kılıç Z, Günaydın Y, Yıldırım T, Aydınlı A. The relationship between perception of COVID-19, fear of COVID-19 and self-care management in individuals with chronic diseases during the pandemic process in Turkey. J Clin Nurs 2024; 33:617-629. [PMID: 37743613 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.16886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To determine the relationship between perception of COVID-19, fear of COVID-19 and self-care management in individuals with chronic diseases during the pandemic process. BACKGROUND Individuals with chronic diseases are a sensitive group during the COVID-19 pandemic process; it is thought that self-care management may be adversely affected as a result of their more intense exposure to the psychological, physiological and economic effects of the pandemic. In the literature, there is no study examining the effect of perception of COVID-19 and fear of COVID-19 on self-care management in individuals with chronic diseases. DESIGN Descriptive study. METHODS The study was conducted with 322 individuals who applied to the internal medicine outpatient clinics of a university's Health Practice and Research Center, met the inclusion criteria, agreed to participate in the study and had a chronic disease. Questionnaire form, Perception of COVID-19 Scale (P-COVID-19), The Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) and Self-Care Management Process in Chronic Illness Scale (SCMP-G) were used to collect data. STROBE checklist was used to report the present study. RESULTS In the study, it can be stated that individuals with chronic diseases had a moderate to the high perception of contagiousness and dangerousness of COVID-19, they had a moderate-high level of fear of COVID-19 and their self-care care management was above moderate level. There was a significant positive correlation between P-COVID-19, FCV-19S and SCMP-G in the study. CONCLUSIONS It was found that the perception of COVID-19 contagiousness and the fear of COVID-19 had a positive effect on the self-care management of individuals with chronic diseases. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Determining the level of COVID-19 perception and fear of COVID-19 and their effects on the life of the individual, and evaluating self-care management during the difficult pandemic process will increase the success in the holistic nursing care and management of chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Züleyha Kılıç
- Department of Internal Diseases Nursing, Zübeyde Hanım Faculty of Health Sciences, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Niğde, Turkey
| | - Yurdagül Günaydın
- Department of Public Health Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Tekin Yıldırım
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bozok University Faculty of Medicine, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Aydınlı
- Department of Fundamentals of Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Süleyman Demirel University, Çünür/Isparta, Turkey
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Ucuncu MK, Ucuncu MY. Assessment of patients' dental anxiety levels in the context of infectious diseases: development and validation of Musa Kazim's Dental Anxiety Scale (MK-DAS). BMC Psychol 2024; 12:29. [PMID: 38233895 PMCID: PMC10795330 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01516-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study aimed to develop and validate a new scale called Musa Kazim's Dental Anxiety Scale (MK-DAS) to measure dental anxiety in relation to infectious diseases. METHODS The study utilized a cross-sectional design and recruited participants from Faculty of Dentistry, Altinbas University. The sample included 289 participants who were seeking dental treatment. The Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) was employed for the purpose of assessing levels of dental anxiety. In contrast, the MK-DAS, comprised a series of seven inquiries specifically targeting concerns regarding the treatment procedure and the fear of contagion. The data was analyzed using various statistical methods, including descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis, criterion validity, cluster analysis for cut-off points, and test-retest reliability. RESULTS The factor analysis revealed that MK-DAS had a two-factor structure. The first factor consisted of five items related to various aspects of the treatment process (α:0.837), while the second factor included two items related to the fear of infectious diseases (α:0.747). The scale showed good reliability, as indicated by high Cronbach's alpha coefficients for both factors. Strong positive correlations were found between MDAS and the first factor of MK-DAS (r = 0.857; p < 0.01), moderate positive correlations between MDAS and the second factor (r = 0.323; p < 0.01), and a strong positive correlation between MDAS and the overall of MK-DAS (r = 0.782; p < 0.01). Additionally, the cluster analysis yielded a cut-off score of 17 based on the k-means analysis. Moreover, test-retest reliability analyses indicated that dimension 1 (ICC: 0.904), dimension 2 (ICC: 0.840), and overall MK-DAS (ICC: 0.944) demonstrated high internal consistency. CONCLUSION The MK-DAS is an innovative and modern dental anxiety scale that has been proven to be reliable and valid, surpassing the comprehensiveness of the MDAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musa Kazim Ucuncu
- Altinbas University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Merve Yildirim Ucuncu
- Istanbul University, Institute of Graduate Studies in Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
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15
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Huang MF, Chang YP, Chou WJ, Yen CF. A 4-year prospective investigation of predictive effects of prepandemic sexual stigma, affective symptoms, and family support on fear of COVID-19 among lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals. Front Public Health 2024; 11:1297042. [PMID: 38259737 PMCID: PMC10800656 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1297042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim This prospective study examined whether prepandemic sexual stigma, affective symptoms, and family support can predict fear of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) individuals. Methods Data of 1,000 LGB individual on prepandemic sociodemographic characteristics, sexual stigma (familial sexual stigma [FSS] measured by the Homosexuality-Related Stigma Scale, internalized sexual stigma [ISS] measured by the Measure of Internalized Sexual Stigma for Lesbians and Gay Men, and sexual orientation microaggression [SOM] measured by the Sexual Orientation Microaggression Inventory), affective symptoms (i.e., depression measured by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale and anxiety measured by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-State version), and family support measured by the Adaptability, Partnership, Growth, Affection, and Resolve Index were collected. Four years later, the fear of COVID-19 was assessed using the Fear of COVID-19 Scale and the associations of prepandemic sexual stigma, affective symptoms, and perceived family support on fear of COVID-19 4 years later were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis. Results In total, 670 (67.3%) participants agreed and completed the follow-up assessment. Greater prepandemic FSS, ISS, SOM, affective symptoms, and perceived family support were significantly associated with a greater fear of COVID-19 at follow-up. Conclusion The identified predictors should be considered when designing interventions aimed at preventing and reducing the fear of COVID-19 in LGB individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Feng Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ping Chang
- School of Nursing, The State University of New York, University at Buffalo, New York, NY, United States
| | - Wen-Jiun Chou
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical Center, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Fang Yen
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- College of Professional Studies, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
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Gritzka S, Angerer P, Diebig M. The Mediating Role of Fear of COVID-19 in the Association between COVID-19-Related Work Stressors and Subjective Well-being: Path Analysis by Cross-sectional Evidence in the Child Care Sector across Three Samples. J Occup Environ Med 2024; 66:78-91. [PMID: 37853666 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE COVID-19 has changed work conditions and instilled fear. However, research overlooked the contributing factors to fear of COVID-19 and its impact on well-being. We addressed this research gap and focused on the essential workforce of child care. METHODS Three samples of early childhood professionals (ECPs) ( NT1 = 423, NT2 = 142, NT3 = 584) were gathered in Germany between June 2020 and May 2021. We tested via path analysis whether (1) fear of COVID-19 relates to well-being, (2) COVID-19-related work stressors relate to fear of COVID-19, and (3) fear of COVID-19 mediates the relationship of work stressors and well-being. RESULTS Findings of N T1 and N T3 lent support, while results of N T2 differed. CONCLUSIONS This study underlines the importance of adapting the work conditions during pandemics to reduce the fear of infection and thus preserve ECPs' well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Gritzka
- From the Institute of Occupational and Social Medicine, Centre for Health and Society (CHS), Faculty of Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
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González-Nuevo C, Postigo Á, González-Menéndez A, Alonso-Pérez F, Cuesta M, González-Pando D. Professional quality of life and fear of COVID-19 among Spanish nurses: A longitudinal repeated cross-sectional study. J Clin Nurs 2024; 33:357-367. [PMID: 36919674 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.16688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
AIM AND OBJECTIVES To evaluate changes in compassion fatigue (CF), burnout (BO), compassion satisfaction (CS) and fear of COVID-19 among Spanish nurses by comparing two assessment points: before and after the COVID-19 vaccination campaign. BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has produced a great impact in healthcare worker's professional quality of life, especially among nurses. CF, BO and fear of COVID-19 decisively affect the care provided by nurses and put them at risk for mental health problems, so longitudinal studies are essential. DESIGN A repeated cross-sectional design was carried out with a time-lapse of 12 months. METHODS A total of 439 registered nurses in December 2020 and 410 in December 2021 participated in this study through an online survey. Data were collected using the Professional Quality of Life Questionnaire and the Fear of COVID-19 Scale. Occupational and sociodemographic variables were also analysed. This article adheres to the STROBE guidelines for the reporting of observational studies. RESULTS The fear of COVID-19 has not been reduced among nurses. The levels of BO remain stable and continue to be high in half of the professionals. CF has been reduced with a small effect size (d = 0.30), while CS has also decreased (d = 0.30). Positive correlations were found in both assessment points between fear of COVID-19 and BO (r = .44, p ≤ .001; r = .41, p ≤ .001) and also between fear of COVID and CF (r = .57, p ≤ .001; r = .50, p ≤ .001). Negative correlations between fear and CS were also found (r = - .16, p = .001; r = - .22, p ≤ .001). RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Programmes to reduce fear of COVID-19, BO and CF are needed to improve mental health and to prevent psychological distress among nurses, as well as to increase CS and preserve the productivity and quality of nursing care. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION The nurses collaborated by participating in the present study anonymously and disinterestedly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Álvaro Postigo
- Department of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - Fernando Alonso-Pérez
- Faculty of Nursing of Gijón, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Institute of Health Research of the Principality of Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - David González-Pando
- Faculty of Nursing of Gijón, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Institute of Health Research of the Principality of Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
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Bovero A, Balzani S, Tormen G, Malandrone F, Carletto S. Factors Associated with Post-Traumatic Growth during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2023; 13:95. [PMID: 38202102 PMCID: PMC10779553 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13010095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic was an unprecedented event that further stimulated the debate on the concept of trauma. To increase knowledge about the traumatic potential of the pandemic, the main objective of this study was to identify, through a systematic literature review, the main factors associated with the adaptive outcome of post-traumatic growth caused by COVID-19. Studies were selected from the PsychInfo, Embase, and PubMed databases, and 29 articles were included at the end of the screening process. The identified factors are of different natures, including personal variables such as personality traits, coping, and cognitive strategies used to face adversity, and interpersonal variables, one of the most important of which is the level of social support. In addition, several results confirmed a relationship between post-traumatic growth and post-traumatic stress symptoms, as well as indices related to psychological well-being. Finally, the results are discussed by comparing them with those already present in the literature, as well as with some of the main explanatory models of post-traumatic growth. In this regard, some of the factors identified, such as maladaptive coping, avoidance symptoms, optimism, and low-stress tolerance, suggest the possibility that the process of post-traumatic growth may also be characterized by an illusory dimension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bovero
- Clinical Psychology Unit, University Hospital “Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino”, 10123 Torino, Italy; (A.B.); (S.B.); (G.T.); (S.C.)
| | - Sarah Balzani
- Clinical Psychology Unit, University Hospital “Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino”, 10123 Torino, Italy; (A.B.); (S.B.); (G.T.); (S.C.)
| | - Gabriela Tormen
- Clinical Psychology Unit, University Hospital “Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino”, 10123 Torino, Italy; (A.B.); (S.B.); (G.T.); (S.C.)
| | - Francesca Malandrone
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy
| | - Sara Carletto
- Clinical Psychology Unit, University Hospital “Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino”, 10123 Torino, Italy; (A.B.); (S.B.); (G.T.); (S.C.)
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy
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Waddimba AC, DeSpain S, Bennett MM, Douglas ME, Warren AM. Longitudinal validation of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale in a nationwide United States sample: An item response theory model across three inflection points of the pandemic. Stress Health 2023; 39:1157-1170. [PMID: 37158412 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic's global emergence/spread caused widespread fear. Measurement/tracking of COVID-19 fear could facilitate remediation. Despite the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S)'s validation in multiple languages/countries, nationwide United States (U.S.) studies are scarce. Cross-sectional classical test theory-based validation studies predominate. Our longitudinal study sampled respondents to a 3-wave, nationwide, online survey. We calibrated the FCV-19S using a unidimensional graded response model. Item/scale monotonicity, discrimination, informativeness, goodness-of-fit, criterion validity, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability were assessed. Items 7, 6, and 3 consistently displayed very high discrimination. Other items had moderate-to-high discrimination. Items 3, 6, and 7 were most (items 1 and 5 the least) informative. [Correction added on 18 May 2023, after first online publication: In the preceding sentence, the term 'items one-fifth least' has been changed to 'items 1 and 5 the least'.] Item scalability was 0.62-0.69; full-scale scalability 0.65-0.67. Ordinal reliability coefficient was 0.94; test-retest intraclass correlation coefficient 0.84. Positive correlations with posttraumatic stress/anxiety/depression, and negative correlations with emotional stability/resilience supported convergent/divergent validity. The FCV-19S validly/reliably captures temporal variation in COVID-19 fear across the U.S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony C Waddimba
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Sydney DeSpain
- Arkansas College of Osteopathic Medicine, Arkansas Colleges of Health Education, Fort Smith, Arkansas, USA
| | | | - Megan E Douglas
- Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Ann Marie Warren
- Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Division of Trauma & Critical Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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20
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Nowakowska I, Rönnlund M. Future of nature, our future. A preregistered report on future time perspective, social value orientation, and pro-environmental outcomes based on data from Poland and Sweden. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1217139. [PMID: 38106389 PMCID: PMC10722237 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1217139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The objective of the study was to examine the role of social value orientation and future time perspective to account for individual differences in pro-environmental behaviors, intentions, and opinions about the link between pro-environmental action and pandemic threat (three separate models) in Polish and Swedish samples expected to differ in rate of pro-environmental behaviors (higher in Sweden). We hypothesized that for Poland, future time perspective would be linked to pro-environmental outcomes only when social value orientation is average or high. In contrast, for Sweden, we expected a significant link between these variables regardless of social value orientation. Methods In total, 301 (150 Polish, 151 Swedish) participants completed online surveys via Prolific.co research panel. We controlled for individualizing/binding moral foundations, present time perspectives, and selected demographic variables in the analyses. Results In line with expectations, the individualizing moral foundations were a significant predictor across all three models. The data did not support our focal hypothesis regarding the interaction between future time perspective and social value orientation. For pro-environmental behaviors in the past 6 months, the future time perspective was a predictor only when social value orientation was low. Discussion The results suggest that when encouraging more competitive (compared to altruistic) people to behave in a green way, it might be crucial to underline the future consequences and benefits, consistent with the future time perspective. The pro-environmental campaigns could, therefore, highlight how green behavior may bring personal gains in the future, which are typically valued by individualistic people, such as savings or social status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Nowakowska
- Institute of Psychology, Maria Grzegorzewska University, Warsaw, Poland
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21
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Goodwill JR, Fike KJ. Black in the pandemic: Comparing experiences of mistrust, anxiety, and the COVID-19 vaccine among Black adults in the U.S. Soc Sci Med 2023; 338:116302. [PMID: 37871396 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.116302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 vaccine decisions are shaped by many factors including historical and contemporary patterns of medical mistreatment of marginalized communities. In attending to these concerns, we measured whether fear of COVID-19, general feelings of mistrust, and race-specific mistrust of the government and healthcare providers are indirectly associated with COVID-19 vaccination status via anxiety among Black Americans. We analyzed responses from 996 Black adults who participated in the AmeriSpeak panel - a nationally representative probability-based sample recruited from the National Opinion Research Center from April-June 2022. We used multiple-group structural equation modeling to compare outcomes among those who lost a loved one to COVID-19 to those who did not. Results indicate that fear of COVID-19 was associated with a greater probability of being fully vaccinated for those who lost a family member/friend. Race-specific mistrust was positively associated with anxiety, but was negatively associated with being fully vaccinated for bereaved Black Americans. Targeted efforts are needed to specifically reach those who lost a loved one to COVID-19. More within-group evaluations are needed to identify barriers to COVID-19 vaccination that are specific to Black Americans living with loss and grief.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janelle R Goodwill
- University of Chicago, Crown Family School of Social Work, Policy, and Practice, United States.
| | - Kayla J Fike
- Vanderbilt University, Peabody College of Education and Human Development, United States
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22
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Çürük GN, Özgül E, Karadağ S. The effect of COVID-19 on fear, anxiety, and sleep in nursing students. Ir J Med Sci 2023; 192:3125-3131. [PMID: 36780096 PMCID: PMC9923649 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-023-03308-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This research was conducted to determine the effect of COVID-19 on fear, anxiety, and sleep in nursing students. METHODS The sample of the study consisted of 1222 students in the 2019-2020 academic year who were members of the student nurses association. The data were collected online via Google Form between June and August 2020 using the student information form containing socio-demographic characteristics, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-Item (GAD-7) Scale, the fear of COVID-19 scale, and the Bergen Insomnia Scale. RESULTS In our study, the mean score of the fear of COVID-19 scale of nursing students was 18.23 ± 6.31, and it was determined that 51.8% had sleep problems and 70.9% had anxiety (39.9% mild, 20.8% moderate, and 10.2% severe). In simple linear regression analysis, the fear of COVID-19 was found to be statistically significant and positively correlated with anxiety (β: 0.383, p = 0.001), and the fear of COVID-19 (β: 0.120, p = 0.001) and anxiety (β: 0.346, p = 0.001) was found to be statistically significant and positively correlated with sleep. CONCLUSION In our study, there is a relationship between nursing students' fear of COVID-19 and anxiety and sleep quality. Accordingly, it is recommended to train students in effective methods for coping with the fear of COVID-19, and to take initiatives to reduce related anxiety and sleep problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülsüm Nihal Çürük
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Izmir University of Economics, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ecem Özgül
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Izmir University of Economics, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Songül Karadağ
- Department of Internal Medicine Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
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23
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Bacon AM, Charlesford J, Hyland M, Puskas T, Hughes P. Finding Silver Linings in the Covid-19 Pandemic: A 2-Wave Study in the UK. Psychol Rep 2023:332941231219788. [PMID: 38032051 DOI: 10.1177/00332941231219788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The Covid-19 pandemic has resulted in widespread anxiety, fear and depression, yet focussing only on these negative issues may obscure the opportunity to promote positivity and resilience. Traumatic events can often result in positive life changes (adversarial growth) though there is little evidence in the context of pandemics, and no previous studies in Covid-19 with the general public. The present research investigated whether adversarial growth was perceived in Covid-19 and whether this could account for variance in wellbeing, over and above effects of personality traits. Participants recruited from the UK public (N = 183) completed the Big Five Personality Inventory, the WHO-5 Wellbeing Scale and the Silver Lining Questionnaire (SLQ) measure of adversarial growth. Questionnaires were completed online, at two timepoints, nine months apart. At Time 1, wellbeing was negatively associated with trait Neuroticism and positively associated with Openness to experience. Both associations were positively mediated by SLQ score. At Time 2, SLQ score again mediated the effects of Openness on wellbeing, and also the influence of wellbeing at Time 1 on that at Time 2. Reported Silver Linings included strengthened personal relationships at Time 1, and improved ability to handle life events at Time 2. This suggests a shift from an appreciation of relationships to an awareness of personal development once life returned to some semblance of normality. Overall, results suggest that perceived adversarial growth supported wellbeing during the pandemic and highlight a focus for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison M Bacon
- School of Psychology, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | | | - Michael Hyland
- School of Psychology, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Tilla Puskas
- School of Psychology, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Poppy Hughes
- School of Psychology, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
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24
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Lam MI, Chen P, Zhang Q, Sha S, An FR, Su Z, Cheung T, Ungvari GS, Ng CH, Xiang YT, Feng Y. Prevalence of COVID-19 fear and its association with quality of life and network structure among Chinese mental health professionals after ending China's dynamic zero-COVID policy: a national survey. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1280688. [PMID: 37965522 PMCID: PMC10642929 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1280688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background China recorded a massive COVID-19 pandemic wave after ending its Dynamic Zero-COVID Policy on January 8, 2023. As a result, mental health professionals (MHPs) experienced negative mental health consequences, including an increased level of fear related to COVID-19. This study aimed to explore the prevalence and correlates of COVID-19 fear among MHPs following the end of the Policy, and its association with quality of life (QoL) from a network analysis perspective. Methods A cross-sectional national study was conducted across China. The correlates of COVID-19 fear were examined using both univariate and multivariate analyses. An analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was conducted to determine the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and QoL. Central symptoms were identified using network analysis through the "Expected Influence" of the network model while specific symptoms directly correlated with QoL were identified through the "flow function." Results A total of 10,647 Chinese MHPs were included. The overall prevalence of COVID-19 fear (FCV-19S total score ≥ 16) was 60.8% (95% CI = 59.9-61.8%). The binary logistic regression analysis found that MHPs with fear of COVID-19 were more likely to be married (OR = 1.198; p < 0.001) and having COVID-19 infection (OR = 1.235; p = 0.005) and quarantine experience (OR = 1.189; p < 0.001). Having better economic status (good vs. poor: OR = 0.479; p < 0.001; fair vs. poor: OR = 0.646; p < 0.001) and health status (good vs. poor: OR = 0.410; p < 0.001; fair vs. poor: OR = 0.617; p < 0.001) were significantly associated with a lower risk of COVID-19 fear. The ANCOVA showed that MHPs with fear of COVID-19 had lower QoL [F = 228.0, p < 0.001]. "Palpitation when thinking about COVID-19" was the most central symptom in the COVID-19 fear network model, while "Uncomfortable thinking about COVID-19" had the strongest negative association with QoL (average edge weight = -0.048). Conclusion This study found a high prevalence of COVID-19 fear among Chinese MHPs following the end of China's Dynamic Zero-COVID Policy. Developing effective prevention and intervention measures that target the central symptoms as well as symptoms correlated with QoL in our network structure would be important to address COVID-19 fear and improve QoL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Ieng Lam
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China
- Kiang Wu Nursing College of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Pan Chen
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Qinge Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Sha Sha
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng-Rong An
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaohui Su
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Teris Cheung
- School of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Gabor S. Ungvari
- Section of Psychiatry, University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, WA, Australia
- Division of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Chee H. Ng
- Department of Psychiatry, The Melbourne Clinic and St Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Richmond, VIC, Australia
| | - Yu-Tao Xiang
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Yuan Feng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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25
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Zhang X, Wu Z, He Q. A mini-review on how the COVID-19 pandemic affected intertemporal choice. PSYCHORADIOLOGY 2023; 3:kkad021. [PMID: 38666127 PMCID: PMC10917382 DOI: 10.1093/psyrad/kkad021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has extremely harmful effects on individual lifestyles, and at present, people must make financial or survival decisions under the profound changes frequently. Although it has been reported that COVID-19 changed decision-making patterns, the underlying mechanisms remained unclear. This mini-review focuses on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on intertemporal choice, and potential psychological, biological, and social factors that mediate this relationship. A search of the Web of Science electronic database yielded 23 studies. The results showed that under the COVID-19 pandemic, people tended to choose immediate and smaller rewards, and became less patient. In particular, people with negative emotions, in a worse condition of physical health, or who did not comply with their government restriction rules tended to become more "short-sighted" in behavioral terms. Future studies should examine more longitudinal and cross-cultural research to give a broad view about the decision-making change under the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwen Zhang
- Faculty of Psychology, MOE Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Southwest University, CN400715,Chongqing, China
| | - Ziyun Wu
- Faculty of Psychology, MOE Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Southwest University, CN400715,Chongqing, China
| | - Qinghua He
- Faculty of Psychology, MOE Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Southwest University, CN400715,Chongqing, China
- Southwest University Branch, Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment toward Basic Education Quality, CN400715, Chongqing, China
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26
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Liu J, Si TL, Chen P, Wang YY, Su Z, Cheung T, Jackson T, Xiang YT, Feng Y. Prevalence of COVID-19 fear and its association with quality of life among fire service recruits after ceasing the dynamic zero-COVID policy in China. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1257943. [PMID: 37869198 PMCID: PMC10587416 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1257943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In December 2022, China terminated its dynamic zero-COVID policy. To date, however, no research has been conducted upon mental health issues and their relationship with quality of life (hereafter QoL) among fire service recruits since the dynamic zero-COVID policy ended. This study explored fear of COVID-19 (FOC) prevalence and correlates as well as its network structure and interconnections with QoL among fire service recruits. Methods A cross-sectional survey design was used to assess fire service recruits in Beijing and Sichuan, Guangxi and Guizhou provinces of China between February 13 and 16, 2023. Fear of COVID-19 was measured using the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, depression was assessed with the Patient Health Questionnaire, anxiety was examined using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale, and QOL was evaluated with the World Health Organization Quality of Life-brief version. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to explore correlates of COVID-19 fear. Network analysis assessed the structure of fear of COVID-19 and its associations with QoL. Results A total of 1,560 participants were included in this study. The overall prevalence of fear of COVID-19 was 38.85% (n = 606; 95% CI = 36.42-41.32%). Being afraid of COVID-19 was significantly related to depression (OR = 1.084; p < O.OO1) and physical fatigue (OR = 1.063; p = 0.026). Fire service recruits with more fear of COVID-19 had lower QOL (F = 18.061 p < 0.001) than those with less fear of COVID-19 did. The most central symptoms included FOC6 ("Sleep difficulties caused by worry about COVID-19"), FOC7 ("Palpitations when thinking about COVID-19") and FOC2 ("Uncomfortable to think about COVID-19"). The top three symptoms negatively associated with QoL were FOC4 ("Afraid of losing life because of COVID-19"), FOC6 ("Sleep difficulties caused by worry about COVID-19") and FOC2 ("Uncomfortable to think about COVID-19"). Conclusion Over one-third of fire service recruits reported fear of COVID-19 after China's dynamic zero-COVID policy had terminated. Poorer QoL was related to fear of COVID-19. Targeting core symptoms of the fear network structure could help improve the physical and mental health of fire service recruits during public health crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, China Emergency General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Leong Si
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Pan Chen
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Yue-Ying Wang
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Zhaohui Su
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Teris Cheung
- School of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Todd Jackson
- Department of Psychology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Yu-Tao Xiang
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Yuan Feng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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27
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Silva RR, Santos DAT, Costa BA, Farias Júnior NC, Braz AG, Costa GDCT, Andrade MS, Vancini RL, Weiss K, Knechtle B, de Lira CAB. Prevalence of fear of COVID-19, depression, and anxiety among undergraduate students during remote classes. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2023; 35:303-313. [PMID: 36632016 DOI: 10.1017/neu.2023.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, undergraduate students were exposed to symptoms of psychological suffering during remote classes. Therefore, it is important to investigate the factors that may be generated and be related to such outcomes. OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between fear of COVID-19, depression, anxiety, and related factors in undergraduate students during remote classes. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 218 undergraduate students (60.6% women and 39.4% men). Students answered a self-administered online questionnaire designed to gather personal information, pandemic exposure, physical activity level, fear of COVID-19 using the 'Fear of COVID-19 Scale', symptoms of depression using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and anxiety using General Anxiety Disorder-7. RESULTS Undergraduate students had a high prevalence of depression and anxiety (83.0% and 76.1%, respectively) but a low prevalence of fear of COVID-19 (28.9%) during remote classes. Multivariate analysis revealed that women who reported health status as neither good nor bad and who had lost a family member from COVID-19 had the highest levels of fear. For depression and anxiety, the main related factors found were female gender, bad health status, insufficiently active, and complete adherence to the restriction measures. CONCLUSION These findings may be used to develop actions to manage symptoms of anxiety and depression among students, with interventions through physical activity programmes to improve mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizia Rocha Silva
- Faculty of Physical Education and Dance, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rodrigo Luiz Vancini
- Physical Education and Sports Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Katja Weiss
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Beat Knechtle
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Medbase St. Gallen Am Vadianplatz, St. Gallen, Switzerland
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28
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Dil S, Yıldırım T, Öztürk PÇ. The mediating role of sleep quality in the relationship between orthorexia nervosa and fear of COVID-19. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15491. [PMID: 37726435 PMCID: PMC10509189 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42825-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has jeopardized humanity worldwide and has considerably altered the healthy lifestyle behaviors of societies. This study examined the possible mediating role of sleep quality in the relationship between orthorexia nervosa and fear of COVID-19 among Turkish adults. This study used an observational and descriptive design. It was carried out online with 1,130 participants across Turkey between April and August 2021. The data were collected using a questionnaire, the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FC-19S), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Orthorexia Nervosa-R (ON-R). The participants had an ON-R mean score of 3.08 ± 0.90 and a mean PSQI score of 8.03 ± 2.80. Likewise, their mean FC-19S score was 18.24 ± 6.55. There was a significant positive correlation between the FC-19S and the PSQI (r = 0.208; p = 0.000) as well as a significant negative correlation between the ON-R and the PSQI (r = - 0.145; p = 0.000). In addition, the results of the process model analysis supported our hypotheses that the PSQI was a predictor of ON-R and that its direct and indirect effects were moderated by FC19S and the PSQI. A one-unit increase in FC-19S scores causes an average 1% increase on the ON-R scale, while it generates an 8% increase on the PSQI. It was determined that the PSQI total score caused an average of 6% increase in the ON-R scale score. The findings of this study showed that sleep quality has a mediating role in the relationship between orthorexia nervosa and fear of COVID-19 experienced by Turkish adults during the pandemic. For this reason, governments need to take the necessary precautions concerning this subject when creating action plans for possible global crisis situations that may adversely affect public health in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satı Dil
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universtiy of Çankırı Karatekin, Çankırı, Turkey.
| | - Tuğba Yıldırım
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universtiy of Çankırı Karatekin, Çankırı, Turkey
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29
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Diao C, Tan H, Wen Y, Zhu R, Wu X, Zhang S, Zhao Y, Liu N, Zhou X, Hu Z. Emotions, COVID-19 related thoughts and satisfaction with life during the critical period from control to relaxation. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1211614. [PMID: 37794904 PMCID: PMC10546036 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1211614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction In the context of declining mortality rates and increasing infectivity, it has become unavoidable for the majority of individuals to experience a COVID-19 infection at some point. This study aimed to investigate the psychological well-being of the general population during China's transition period from strict control measures to relaxed policies in COVID-19 prevention and control, as well as the impact of COVID-19 related thoughts on emotion and life satisfaction during widespread infections. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted involving a sample size of 1578 participants. Participants completed self-report questionnaires assessing positive and negative emotions, thoughts about COVID-19, and satisfaction with life. Demographic characteristics such as sex, age, and education level were controlled for in the analysis. Results The findings revealed that individuals who had been infected with COVID-19 (specifically the Omicron variant BA.5.2 or BF.7) reported lower levels of positive emotions compared to those who were uninfected or had recovered from the infection. There was a significant relationship between COVID-19-related thoughts, emotions, and life satisfaction. Positive COVID-19 related thoughts were found to mediate the relationship between negative emotions and satisfaction with life. Discussion This study represents a comprehensive examination conducted in China, focusing on assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the general population during the critical transition period from control to relaxation. Throughout this period, the number of infections experienced fluctuations, initially rising but eventually declining over a one-month span. In such a momentous historical period, maintaining a positive perspective on COVID-19 and its management becomes paramount in enhancing the emotional well-being, life satisfaction and overall well-being of individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunting Diao
- School of Medical Humanities, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhen Hu
- School of Medical Humanities, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
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Kordi-Kalaki F, Dehdari T, Abolghasemi J. Determinants of COVID-19 preventive health behaviors in Iranian adults based on extended parallel process model. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14416. [PMID: 37660189 PMCID: PMC10475026 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41643-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Performing preventive behaviors by individuals has been recognized as one of the important strategies for the prevention and control of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study aimed to assess the determinants of adopting preventive behaviors of COVID-19 in a sample of Iranian adults based on Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM) variables. In this cross-sectional study, 300 adults from Tehran, Iran were selected using cluster sampling method from five areas of the city: north, south, west, east, and center. The participants completed a study instrument developed to assess demographic information and EPPM variables. Finally, the data were analyzed using SPSS software. The mean age of the participants was 40.11 (± 15.158) years. The results showed that 88.3% (n = 265) of the participants were in the process of danger control. Perceived self-efficacy, attitude, response efficiency, behavioral intention, and the number of hours of activity outside home were determinants of performing COVID-19 preventive behaviors among the participants. These predictors might be used to develop theory-based educational efforts based on EPPM variables due to encouraging people to adopt COVID-19 preventive behaviors. Our results suggest that because many participants were engaged in danger control, health professionals should focus on increasing perceived efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Kordi-Kalaki
- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Faculty of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tahereh Dehdari
- Health Promotion Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Hemmat Highway, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Jamileh Abolghasemi
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Jeon SE, Ryu S, Lee JY, Kim JM, Kim SW, Kang YS. The Effect of Fear of COVID-19 Infection and Anxiety on Loneliness: Moderated Mediation Effects of Gratitude. Psychiatry Investig 2023; 20:870-879. [PMID: 37794669 PMCID: PMC10555511 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2023.0170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to identify factors related to loneliness during the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and focused on how the fear of COVID-19 infection affects loneliness and the conditional effect of gratitude as a moderator in the relationship among the fear of COVID-19, anxiety, and loneliness. METHODS For the analysis of this study, a survey was conducted among 1,500 individuals aged 19 to 69 years living in three metropolitan areas in South Korea. Questionnaires included sociodemographic data, psychological experience and stress associated with COVID-19, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7, UCLA Loneliness Scale-3, and Gratitude Questionnaire-6. An analysis was conducted by applying SPSS PROCESS macro models 4 and 7. RESULTS First, anxiety mediated the relationship between the fear of COVID-19 infection and loneliness. Second, the effect of the fear of COVID-19 infection on loneliness through anxiety was moderated by gratitude. The higher the gratitude, the more the fear of COVID-19 infection is buffered in the path to anxiety, and the lower the indirect effect on loneliness. CONCLUSION This suggests that in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, interventions for psychological problems such as anxiety and loneliness can be carried out through gratitude, a significant protective variable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Eun Jeon
- Department of Psychology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghyong Ryu
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Yeon Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Min Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Wan Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- Mindlink, Gwangju Bukgu Mental Health Center, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Shin Kang
- Department of Psychology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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Jeong GC, Lee K, Jin Y. Effects of the Fear of COVID-19 and Efficacy of Coping Behavior for Infectious Diseases after the End of COVID-19: Moderating Effects of Cyberchondria and eHealth Literacy. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:663. [PMID: 37622803 PMCID: PMC10451202 DOI: 10.3390/bs13080663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
As the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic ends, it is worth considering whether the ability to cope with such a pandemic has improved. The initial response to COVID-19 was hampered by the fear of new infectious diseases and spread of misinformation on the Internet. This highlights the need to enhance our ability to critically evaluate information rather than indiscriminately search for and trust information on the Internet. Therefore, this study examined how cyberchondria and eHealth literacy moderate the effect of fear of COVID-19 on the efficacy of coping behaviors for future epidemics and pandemics. The participants were 1000 adults in South Korea who were selected based on population proportionality. The results showed that fear of COVID-19 was significantly positively related to cyberchondria, and eHealth literacy was significantly positively related to the efficacy of coping behaviors. Further, the fear of COVID-19 had a significantly negative effect on the efficacy of coping behaviors, and the moderating effect of cyberchondria varied according to the level of eHealth literacy. These results emphasize the importance of eHealth literacy in enabling critical decision-making regarding misinformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goo-Churl Jeong
- Department of Counseling Psychology, College of Health and Welfare, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea; (G.-C.J.); (K.L.)
| | - Kunho Lee
- Department of Counseling Psychology, College of Health and Welfare, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea; (G.-C.J.); (K.L.)
| | - Yinghua Jin
- Department of Interdisciplinary Arts and Performance, Graduate School, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea
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Alexandrou R, Kyprianidou M, Photiou G, Kassianos AP, Giannakou K. Factors associated with perceived fear of future pandemics and/or epidemics: a cross-sectional study in Cyprus. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12194. [PMID: 37500807 PMCID: PMC10374585 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39381-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to understand the levels of fear experienced by individuals regarding future pandemics and/or epidemics among the general population of Cyprus and comprehensively examine the diverse factors that influence this perceived fear. The cross-sectional study was conducted from October 1st, 2022, to February 19th, 2023. A proportionate quota sampling method was used for the recruitment, by recruiting a fixed number of participants from each age group, sex, and place of residence. The study collected information on sociodemographic and health-related characteristics, health literacy, trust, COVID-19 vaccination information, and perceived fear of future epidemics and/or pandemics using a self-administered questionnaire. The survey included 1075 participants, with 53.7% of them reporting fear of future pandemics. Logistic regression analysis revealed that women (OR = 2.37, 95% CI 1.78, 3.16) and individuals vaccinated against COVID-19 (OR = 1.57, 95% CI 1.02, 2.43) were significantly more likely to experience fear of future pandemics. Moreover, higher levels of trust (OR = 1.04, 95% CI 1.02, 1.06) and higher health literacy (OR = 1.05, 95% CI 1.03, 1.08) were associated with an increased likelihood of fearing future pandemics. Conversely, unemployment (OR = 0.30, 95% CI 0.13, 0.65) and having a postgraduate education decreased the likelihood of fearing future pandemics (OR = 0.56, 95% CI 0.34, 0.90). The linear regression model revealed that older age (β = - 0.10, 95% CI - 0.14, - 0.05) was negatively associated with a higher score of fear regarding future pandemics. Conversely, being in a vulnerable group (β = 2.02, 95% CI 0.75, 3.28) and having at least one chronic disease (β = 1.76, 95% CI 0.68, 2.84) showed positive associations with increased fear of future epidemics and/or pandemics. The findings emphasize the need for relevant authorities to prioritize mental health and disseminate information in a manner that avoids spreading fear and panic, particularly among vulnerable population groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Alexandrou
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Maria Kyprianidou
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Galatia Photiou
- Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health, School of Health Sciences, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Angelos P Kassianos
- Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Konstantinos Giannakou
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus.
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Zhang TM, Zhang XF, Meng XD, Huang Y, Zhang W, Gong HH, Chan SKW, Chen XC, Gao R, Lewis-Fernández R, Fan YY, Liu CC, Huang L, Deng XP, Liu B, Ran MS. Comparison of stigmatizing views towards COVID-19 and mental disorders among adolescent and young adult students in China. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1170540. [PMID: 37484667 PMCID: PMC10359161 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1170540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Infectious diseases including COVID-19 and mental disorders are two of the most common health conditions associated with stigma. However, the comparative stigma of these two conditions has received less attention in research. This study aimed to compare the prevalence of stigmatizing views toward people with COVID-19 and mental disorders and the factors associated with these views, among a large sample of adolescent and young adult students in China. Methods A total of 9,749 adolescents and young adults aged 15-24 years completed a survey on stigmatizing attitudes toward COVID-19 and mental disorders, as well as mental health-related factors, including general mental health status and symptoms of depression, anxiety, insomnia, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Multivariable linear regression analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with stigmatizing views. Findings The prevalence of COVID-19 and mental disorders-related stigma was 17.2% and 40.7%, respectively. COVID-19-related stigma scores were significantly higher among male students (β = 0.025, p < 0.05), those without quarantine experience (β = 0.035, p < 0.001), those with lower educational level (p < 0.001), those with lower family income (p < 0.01), and those with higher PTSD symptoms (β = 0.045, p < 0.05). Mental disorder-related stigma scores were significantly higher among individuals with average and lower-than-average levels of family income (p < 0.01), depression symptoms (β = 0.056, p < 0.001), anxiety symptoms (β = 0.051, p < 0.001), and mental health problems (β = 0.027, p < 0.05). Conclusion The stigma of mental disorders is higher in the youth population than the stigma of COVID-19. Factors associated with stigmatizing attitudes toward people with COVID-19 and mental disorders varied across the youth. Stigma-reduction interventions among the youth should be targeted specifically to COVID-19 or mental disorders conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Ming Zhang
- Department of Social Work, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Feng Zhang
- Jingzhou Mental Health Center and The Mental Health Institute of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Xian-Dong Meng
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hui-Hui Gong
- School of Public Administration, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Sherry Kit Wa Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | - Ru Gao
- Wenjiang People‘s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | | | - Yuan-Yuan Fan
- Jingzhou Mental Health Center and The Mental Health Institute of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Chang-Cheng Liu
- Jingzhou Mental Health Center and The Mental Health Institute of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Lu Huang
- Jingzhou Mental Health Center and The Mental Health Institute of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Xiao-Peng Deng
- Jingzhou Mental Health Center and The Mental Health Institute of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Jingzhou Mental Health Center and The Mental Health Institute of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Mao-Sheng Ran
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Perron-Tremblay R, Clément MÈ, Dubois-Comtois K. Fear of COVID-19 and parental violence: The mediating role of parental burnout and child perceived as difficult. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2023; 143:106284. [PMID: 37352648 PMCID: PMC10267501 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a worldwide increase in the incidence of child abuse. Studies show that the pandemic context contributes to exacerbate several risk factors usually associated with the use of violent disciplinary practices. OBJECTIVE This study aims to better understand the role of parental burnout and child perceived as difficult as a parental stressor in the link between fear of COVID-19 and the use of parental violence (minor and severe physical violence and repeated psychological aggression). PARTICIPANTS The sample includes 467 mothers living in Québec (Canada) with a child aged 5 or less. METHOD An online questionnaire, administered one year after the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in Québec (March to May 2021), was used to measure parental violence, parental burnout, parental stress related to the perception of the child as difficult and fear of COVID-19. Serial mediation analyses were performed. RESULTS The main analyses confirmed the indirect association between fear of COVID-19 and the three forms of parental violence studied, through parental burnout and the child perceived as difficult. Unlike physical violence (minor and severe), the association between fear of COVID-19 and repeated psychological aggression is explained only by parental burnout. CONCLUSIONS This study has identified new mechanisms that allow a better understanding of processes underlying parental violence during the pandemic. It also shows that parental violence can also occur in low-risk families. It is crucial to develop strategies to prevent the use of violent disciplinary practices in future socio-health crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxanne Perron-Tremblay
- Département de psychologie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351, boul. des Forges, C.P. 500, Trois-Rivières, Québec, G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - Marie-Ève Clément
- Université du Québec en Outaouais, Saint-Jérôme, Québec, J7Z 0B7, Canada
| | - Karine Dubois-Comtois
- Département de psychologie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351, boul. des Forges, C.P. 500, Trois-Rivières, Québec, G9A 5H7, Canada; Hôpital en santé mentale Albert-Prévost, CIUSSS du Nord-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Canada.
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Bonilla-Asalde CA, Rivera-Lozada O, Ipanaqué-Zapata M, Castro-Alzate ES, Pacheco-Lopez R, Rivera-lozada IC, Chong F, Sagastume LR. Fear of COVID-19, risk perception and preventive behavior in health workers: a cross-sectional analysis in middle-income Latin American countries. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1171246. [PMID: 37397730 PMCID: PMC10307953 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1171246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the association between fear of COVID-19 and risk perception with preventive behavior in health professionals from four Latin American countries. An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted. Health professionals with on-site care in Colombia, Ecuador, Guatemala, and Peru were surveyed. Information was collected through an online self-report questionnaire. The main variables were preventive behavior as the dependent variable and fear of COVID-19 and risk perception as independent variables. Linear regression was used, and unstandardized beta coefficient and value of ps were calculated. Four hundred and thirty-five health professionals were included, the majority were aged 42 years or older (45.29, 95%CI: 40.65-50.01) and female (67.82, 95%CI: 63.27-72.05). It was shown that the greater the fear of COVID-19, the greater the preventive behavior of COVID-19 infection (B = 2.21, p = 0.002 for total behavior; B = 1.12, p = 0.037 for additional protection at work; B = 1.11, p < 0.010 for hand washing). The risk perception of COVID-19 infection had a slight direct relationship with preventive behaviours (B = 0.28, p = 0.021 for total behavior; B = 0.13, p = 0.015 for hand washing), with the exception of the preventive behavior of using additional protection at work (p = 0.339). We found that fear and risk perception are associated with increased practice of hand washing and use of additional protection at work. Further studies are required on the influence of working conditions, job performance and the occurrence of mental health problems in frontline personnel with regard to COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oriana Rivera-Lozada
- South American Center for Education and Research in Public Health, Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, Lima, Peru
| | - Miguel Ipanaqué-Zapata
- South American Center for Education and Research in Public Health, Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, Lima, Peru
- Instituto de Investigación, Capacitación y Desarrollo Psicosocialy Educativo: PSYCOPERU, Lima, Peru
| | - Elvis Siprian Castro-Alzate
- Academic Program of Occupational Therapy, Academic Program of Doctorate in Health, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Cauca, Colombia
| | | | | | - Félix Chong
- Ministry of Health of Ecuador, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador
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Liang LY, Che HB. Fear of COVID-19 and Adverse Psychological Health Outcomes Among Chinese Elderly: a Serial Mediation Model of Social Participation and Loneliness. APPLIED RESEARCH IN QUALITY OF LIFE 2023:1-16. [PMID: 37359224 PMCID: PMC10219796 DOI: 10.1007/s11482-023-10182-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
This cross-sectional study examined fear of COVID-19, social participation, loneliness, and adverse psychological health outcomes among Chinese older adults after the pandemic control measures were relaxed. We also tested the correlations among these variables and examined the serial-mediating effects of social participation and loneliness on the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and adverse psychological health outcomes. Participants were 508 Chinese elderly individuals (Mage = 70.53 ± 7.90 years; 56.5% women). We used Pearson correlation analyses and Hayes' PROCESS macro analysis (Model 6). Respondents had a relatively higher level of fear of COVID-19 compared to the general population. Their levels of loneliness, anxiety, and depression were higher than those of Chinese older adults who were surveyed before the restriction policy changed in previous research. The correlations among fear of COVID-19, social participation, loneliness, and adverse psychological health outcomes were significant, supporting the serial-mediating effects of social participation and loneliness on the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and adverse psychological health outcomes. Attention should be paid to the mental health issues of Chinese older adults, and the impacts of fear of COVID-19 and social participation on their mental health should be emphasized. Future researchers should use random systematic sampling methods, conduct longitudinal tracking and perform intervention studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-yin Liang
- Law School, Guangdong University of Technology, 161 Yinglong Rd, 510520 Guangzhou, China
| | - Hai-bo Che
- Law School, Guangdong University of Technology, 161 Yinglong Rd, 510520 Guangzhou, China
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Peixoto MM, Cunha O. COVID-19 fear and anxiety as mediators in the relationship between repetitive negative thinking and psychopathology: a community-based study during the 2nd confinement in Portugal. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2023:1-7. [PMID: 37359619 PMCID: PMC10209943 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-023-04782-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Repetitive negative thinking is a cognitive dimension of the onset and maintenance of psychopathology, and increased levels of psychopathology have been observed during COVID-19 lockdowns. The role of fear of COVID-19 and COVID-19 anxiety has been poorly explored in terms of psychopathology during lockdowns due to the pandemic crisis. This study examines the mediating role of fear of COVID-19 and COVID-19 anxiety in the relationship between repetitive negative thinking and psychopathology during the second lockdown in Portugal. Participants completed a web survey that included a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, the COVID-19 Anxiety Scale, the Persistent and Intrusive Negative Thoughts Scale, and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale - 21. The results showed a positive and significant correlation between all variables and identified fear of COVID-19 and COVID-19 anxiety as significant mediators in the relationship between repetitive negative thinking and psychopathology during the second lockdown in Portugal, after controlling for being isolated, being infected, and working in first line response of COVID-19. Overall, the current findings highlight the role of cognitive dimensions such as anxiety and fear in the context of COVID-19, nearly a year after the pandemic outbreak and after the release of a vaccine. Mental health programs should consider improving coping strategies for emotion regulation, particularly fear and anxiety, during major catastrophic health-related events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Manuela Peixoto
- Center for Psychology, University of Porto (CPUP), Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação da Universidade do Porto, Centro de Psicologia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, s/n, Porto, 4200-135 Portugal
| | - Olga Cunha
- HEI-Lab: Digital Human-Environment Interaction Lab, Universidade Lusófona Do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Kuljancic D, Cvjetkovic Bosnjak M, Siladji D, Hinic D, Veskovic D, Janjic N, Ratkovic D, Zivanovic O, Vasic V, Sakic B. The Role of COVID-19-Associated Fear, Stress and Level of Social Support in Development of Suicidality in Patients Diagnosed with Affective and Stress-Induced Psychiatric Disorders during the COVID-19 Pandemic-A Comparative Analysis. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13050812. [PMID: 37239284 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13050812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Only a few studies seem to address suicidality as an effect of the COVID-19 pandemic in persons previously affected by psychiatric disorders. The relationship between fear and stress caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and the level of social support and suicidality in patients diagnosed with affective and stress-induced psychiatric disorders prior to the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic were investigated. This study was observational and involved 100 participants. The examined period was from April 2020 to April 2022. The Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S), the Oslo Social Support Scale 3 (OSSS-3) and general psychiatric interviews were used to obtain data. A statistically significant relationship between the impact of COVID-19-related distress on the occurrence of suicidality and the year of the pandemic χ2(2, N = 100) = 8.347, p = 0.015 was observed. No statistically significant correlation was found between suicidal behavior, stress intensity, fear and the score on the social support scale (p > 0.05). Fear related to the COVID-19 pandemic can only be seen as a contributor to suicidality. Overall, social support does not always act protectively. Previously stressful experiences such as wars, poverty and natural disasters seem to play a significant role in the resilience to each new public health crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dusan Kuljancic
- Medical Faculty, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Vejkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
- Clinic of Psychiatry, University Clinical Centre of Vojvodina, Hajduk Veljkova 4, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Mina Cvjetkovic Bosnjak
- Medical Faculty, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Vejkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
- Clinic of Psychiatry, University Clinical Centre of Vojvodina, Hajduk Veljkova 4, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Djendji Siladji
- Medical Faculty, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Vejkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
- Clinic of Psychiatry, University Clinical Centre of Vojvodina, Hajduk Veljkova 4, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Darko Hinic
- Faculty of Science, Department of Psychology, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Dunja Veskovic
- Medical Faculty, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Vejkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
- Clinic of Dermatology, University Clinical Centre of Vojvodina, Hajduk Veljkova 4, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Nebojsa Janjic
- Medical Faculty, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Vejkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
- Clinic of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Clinical Centre of Vojvodina, Hajduk Veljkova 4, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Dragana Ratkovic
- Medical Faculty, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Vejkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
- Clinic of Psychiatry, University Clinical Centre of Vojvodina, Hajduk Veljkova 4, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Olga Zivanovic
- Medical Faculty, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Vejkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
- Clinic of Psychiatry, University Clinical Centre of Vojvodina, Hajduk Veljkova 4, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Vesna Vasic
- Medical Faculty, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Vejkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
- Clinic of Psychiatry, University Clinical Centre of Vojvodina, Hajduk Veljkova 4, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Branislav Sakic
- Medical Faculty, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Vejkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
- Clinic of Psychiatry, University Clinical Centre of Vojvodina, Hajduk Veljkova 4, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
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Sirois FM. Procrastination and Stress: A Conceptual Review of Why Context Matters. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:5031. [PMID: 36981941 PMCID: PMC10049005 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20065031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Research over the past two decades has continued to highlight the robust associations between procrastination and stress across multiple populations and contexts. Despite this burgeoning evidence base and theory linking procrastination to higher levels of stress, as well as the reverse, the role of context in this potentially dynamic association has received relatively little attention. In this conceptual review I argue that from a mood regulation perspective of procrastination, stressful contexts necessarily increase risk for procrastination because they deplete coping resources and lower the threshold for tolerating negative emotions. Drawing on insights from coping and emotion regulation theory, the new stress context vulnerability model of procrastination proposes that the risk for procrastination increases in stressful contexts primarily because procrastination is a low-resource means of avoiding aversive and difficult task-related emotions. The new model is then applied to evidence on the primary and secondary sources of stress during the COVID-19 pandemic and how they may have increased vulnerability for procrastination. After discussing potential applications of the new model for understanding how and why risk for procrastination may increase in other stressful contexts, approaches that might mitigate vulnerability for procrastination in high-stress contexts are discussed. Overall, this new stress context vulnerability model underscores the need for taking a more compassionate view of the antecedents and factors that may increase the risk for procrastination.
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Blake H, Brewer A, Chouliara N. "We're Not Going to Be as Prepared": A Qualitative Study of Healthcare Trainees' Experiences after One Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4255. [PMID: 36901267 PMCID: PMC10002117 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic had significant impacts on the mental health and academic experiences of healthcare trainees. Building on findings from earlier in the pandemic, we explore the impacts on healthcare trainees after a sustained pandemic period of 12-14 months, involving multiple lockdowns, changes in government COVID-19 regulations and the delivery of health education. A qualitative study was conducted between March-May 2021. Participants were 12 healthcare trainees (10 women, 2 men) of medicine, nursing, and midwifery, registered at one of three higher education institutions in the United Kingdom. Interviews were fully transcribed, and data were thematically analysed using a combination of deductive and inductive approaches. We identified three key themes with eight subthemes: (i) academic experiences (adjustment to online learning, loss of clinical experience, confidence in the university), (ii) impacts on wellbeing (psychosocial impacts, physical impacts, pandemic duration and multiple lockdowns), and (iii) support frameworks (university preparedness for increased student support needs, importance of relationship with academic tutors). Findings shed light on the long-lasting and emerging impacts of the pandemic over time. We identify support needs for trainees both during their academic studies, and as they move forwards into professional roles within the healthcare workforce. Recommendations are made for higher education institutions and healthcare employers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Blake
- School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2HA, UK
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Alex Brewer
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UK, UK
| | - Niki Chouliara
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UK, UK
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration East Midlands, Nottingham NG7 2TU, UK
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King JD, McQuaid A, Leeson VC, Samuel O, Grant J, Imran Azeem MS, Barnicot K, Crawford MJ. The association of severe COVID anxiety with poor social functioning, quality of life, and protective behaviours among adults in United Kingdom: a cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:117. [PMID: 36810010 PMCID: PMC9943584 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04595-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety about COVID-19 is common. For most people this is an appropriate response to the loss of livelihoods and loved-ones, disruptions to social networks, and uncertainty about the future. However, for others these anxieties relate to contracting the virus itself, a phenomenon termed COVID anxiety. Little is known about the characteristics of people with severe COVID anxiety or the impact it has on their daily lives. METHODS We conducted a two-phase cross-sectional survey of people aged 18 or over who were living in United Kingdom, self-identified as anxious about COVID-19, and had a score of ≥9 on the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale. We recruited participants nationally through online adverts and locally via primary care services in London. Data on demographic and clinical factors were used in multiple regression modelling to examine the greatest contributors to functional impairment, poor health-related quality of life and protective behaviours in this sample of individuals with severe COVID anxiety. RESULTS We recruited 306 people with severe COVID anxiety between January and September 2021. Most were female (n = 246, 81.2%); they had a median age of 41 (range = 18-83). The majority of participants also had generalised anxiety (n = 270, 91.5%), depression (n = 247, 85.5%), and a quarter (n = 79, 26.3%) reported a physical health condition which put them at increased risk of hospitalisation with COVID-19. Half had severe social dysfunction (n = 151, 52.4%). One in ten reported never leaving their home, one in three washed all items brought into their house, one in five washed their hands constantly, and one in five of those with children reported not sending them to school because of fears of COVID-19. Increasing co-morbid depressive symptoms best explained functional impairment and poor quality of life after controlling for other factors. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the high degree of co-occuring mental health problems, and the extent of functional impairment and poor health-related quality of life among people with severe COVID anxiety. Further research is needed to establish the course of severe COVID anxiety as the pandemic progresses, and steps that can be taken to support people who experience this distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob D. King
- grid.413629.b0000 0001 0705 4923Division of Psychiatry, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Commonwealth Building, Hammersmith Hospital, W12 0NN London, UK
| | - Aisling McQuaid
- grid.413629.b0000 0001 0705 4923Division of Psychiatry, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Commonwealth Building, Hammersmith Hospital, W12 0NN London, UK
| | - Verity C. Leeson
- grid.413629.b0000 0001 0705 4923Division of Psychiatry, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Commonwealth Building, Hammersmith Hospital, W12 0NN London, UK
| | - Oluwaseun Samuel
- grid.413629.b0000 0001 0705 4923Division of Psychiatry, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Commonwealth Building, Hammersmith Hospital, W12 0NN London, UK
| | - Josiah Grant
- grid.7445.20000 0001 2113 8111Imperial College School of Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Kirsten Barnicot
- grid.28577.3f0000 0004 1936 8497Division of Health Services Research and Management, City University of London, London, UK
| | - Mike J. Crawford
- grid.413629.b0000 0001 0705 4923Division of Psychiatry, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Commonwealth Building, Hammersmith Hospital, W12 0NN London, UK
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Chung AF, Teasell MJ, Pergher V, Thornton AE, Thornton WL. Fear of COVID-19 is associated with trust, subjective numeracy, and differentially with loneliness in older versus younger adults. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1080631. [PMID: 36844317 PMCID: PMC9946039 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1080631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The emotional impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and resulting public health emergency are only beginning to be understood. Methods We assessed the contributions of emotional and cognitive factors and age-related comorbidities to greater COVID-19 fear in a community dwelling sample of 142 younger (Mage = 19.63, SDage = 2.59) and 157 older (Mage = 72.01, SDage = 7.06) adults, between July 2020 and July 2021. We hypothesized that individuals with increased loneliness, depression, and/or decreased subjective numeracy (SN) and interpersonal trust would experience more COVID-19 fear. We also predicted that females and older adults would experience more COVID-19 fear given that age-related comorbidities are associated with increased illness severity. Results Results showed that the extent of loneliness in older adults was more strongly related to fear of COVID-19 than it was in younger adults (β = 0.197, p = 0.016), and poorer SN was associated with increased COVID-19 fear in both age groups (β = -0.138, p = 0.016). Further, higher interpersonal mistrust was associated with increased COVID-19 fear (β = 0.136, p = 0.039), as was identifying as female (β = 0.137, p = 0.013). Discussion Given that self-described poor numeracy was a marker for greater COVID-19 fear, investigators and policy makers might consider mitigation opportunities addressing data literacy requirements imposed by the media. Further, outreach to mitigate loneliness, particularly of the elderly, might effectively lessen the negative psychological impact of this ongoing public health crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison F. Chung
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | | | - Valentina Pergher
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada,Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Allen E. Thornton
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Wendy Loken Thornton
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada,*Correspondence: Wendy Loken Thornton,
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König HH, Neumann-Böhme S, Sabat I, Schreyögg J, Torbica A, van Exel J, Barros PP, Stargardt T, Hajek A. Health-related quality of life in seven European countries throughout the course of the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from the European COvid Survey (ECOS). Qual Life Res 2023; 32:1631-1644. [PMID: 36739583 PMCID: PMC9899332 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-022-03334-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate health-related quality of life (HRQoL) over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic in seven European countries and its association with selected sociodemographic as well as COVID-19-related variables. METHODS We used longitudinal data from nine quarterly waves collected between April 2020 and January 2022 (sample size per wave ranging from N = 7025 to 7300) of the European COvid Survey (ECOS), a representative survey of adults in Germany, United Kingdom, Denmark, Netherlands, France, Portugal and Italy. HRQoL was measured using the EQ-5D-5L. The association of self-reported COVID-19 infection, perceived health risk from COVID-19, selected sociodemographic variables and the COVID-19 stringency index with HRQoL was analyzed by logistic and linear fixed effects regressions. RESULTS On average across all nine waves, the proportion of respondents reporting any problems in at least one of the EQ-5D dimensions ranged between 63.8% (Netherlands) and 71.0% (Denmark). Anxiety/depression was the most frequently affected EQ-5D dimension in four countries (Portugal: 52.0%; United Kingdom: 50.2%; Italy: 49.2%; France: 49.0%), whereas pain/discomfort ranked first in three countries (Denmark: 58.3%; Germany: 55.8%; Netherlands: 49.0%). On average across all nine waves, the EQ-VAS score ranged from 70.1 in the United Kingdom to 78.4 in Portugal. Moreover, the EQ-5D-5L index ranged from .82 in Denmark to .94 in France. The occurrence of COVID-19 infection, changes in the perceived risk to one's own health from COVID-19, the occurrence of income difficulties and an increase in the COVID-19 stringency index were associated with increased likelihood of problems in EQ-5D dimensions, reduced EQ-VAS score and reduced EQ-5D-5L index. CONCLUSIONS Across seven European countries, we found large proportions of respondents reporting problems in HRQoL dimensions throughout the pandemic, especially for anxiety/depression. Various sociodemographic and COVID-19-related variables were associated with HRQoL in longitudinal analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Helmut König
- Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg Center for Health Economics, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Neumann-Böhme
- Erasmus School of Health Policy & Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands ,Hamburg Center for Health Economics, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Iryna Sabat
- Nova School of Business and Economics, Carcavelos, Portugal
| | - Jonas Schreyögg
- Hamburg Center for Health Economics, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Aleksandra Torbica
- Department of Social and Political Sciences, SDA Bocconi School of Management, Bocconi University, Milan, Italy
| | - Job van Exel
- Erasmus School of Health Policy & Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Tom Stargardt
- Hamburg Center for Health Economics, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - André Hajek
- Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg Center for Health Economics, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
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Factors Associated with COVID-19-Related Stress among Female Primary Caregivers in Vulnerable Families in South Africa. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2023; 13:377-390. [PMID: 36826212 PMCID: PMC9955265 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe13020028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Inequality in South Africa is deeply rooted, and COVID-19 glaringly brought inequalities between families to the forefront. This study aimed to investigate factors associated with the above average stress levels of female primary caregivers in vulnerable families during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional survey was undertaken among vulnerable families from October 2021 to February 2022. Above average scores were reported by approximately half of the respondents regarding stress from children/partners and stress related to financial issues. Fear of COVID-19, feeling depressed, COVID-19's impact on daily life, lower education levels, being in a relationship and living together, and perceiving an increase in domestic violence were statistically significantly associated with above average stress from children/partners. Age, impact of COVID-19 on daily life, being in a relationship and living with a husband/partner, and running out of food during the past 30 days were statistically significantly associated with above average stress concerning finances. These results provide new insights that can assist policy makers and practitioners in supporting low-income families during times of crisis. Support should not just focus on practical aspects, such as the provision of food, but equally importantly, on emotional support and protection for female primary caregivers and their families. Future research should delve more deeply into causes of COVID-19-related stress in vulnerable families.
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Zhang R, Wang C. Risk perception of COVID-19 and its related factors among centralized medical isolation groups in China. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1131076. [PMID: 36818133 PMCID: PMC9929357 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1131076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Medical isolation is one of the most effective measures to slow the spread of the virus when dealing with a pandemic. Millions of people in China have undergone centralized medical isolation (CMI) during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to assess the centralized medical isolation group's COVID-19 risk perception and to explore the influencing factors. Methods A total of 400 participants (200 who had experienced CMI and 200 who had not experienced) completed a questionnaire related to COVID-19 risk perceptions. The questionnaire was designed with the Cognitive-Experiential Self-Theory (CEST) and the Common Sense Model of Risk Perception (CSM). It adopted nine questions to measure risk perception in terms of Emotional feelings, Cognitive judgment, and Mental representation of unusual severity. Descriptive statistical analysis, correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression analysis were conducted with SPSS 26.0 software. Results The mean risk perception score for the CMI group was 30.75, with a standard deviation of 7.503, which was significantly higher than that in the non-centralized medical isolation (NCMI) group (risk perception score was 28.2, and the standard deviation was 7.129). The results show that risk perceptions were higher for older age, risk perceptions were higher for higher education, risk perceptions were higher for those who had received the COVID-19 vaccination, and risk perceptions were higher for those who lived in a family with children. Conclusion Risk perception is significantly higher in CMI groups than in NCMI groups. The government should draw more care to the risk perception and psychological wellbeing of the CMI group and provide extra support and assistance to the elderly and those raising younger children. In dealing with future pandemics like the COVID-19 outbreak, the government should actively guide the public to properly isolate at home and cautiously implement a CMI policy.
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Hazar S, Güleç Şatir D. The effect of fear of COVID-19 on health-seeking behaviors and Pap smear test rates in women. Women Health 2023; 63:125-133. [PMID: 36581448 DOI: 10.1080/03630242.2022.2162190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This study was carried out to determine the effect of fear of COVID-19 on health-seeking behaviors and Pap smear test rates in women. This study was conducted online between June and September 2021. Women aged 21-65 years were invited to participate in the study via social media. A total of 396 women comprised the sample for this study. Data were collected the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, and the Health-seeking Behavior Scale. Data were evaluated using descriptive statistics, parametric tests and regression analysis. As a result of the study, 11.1 percent of women were found to have had a Pap smear test during the pandemic period. Fear of COVID-19 was determined to have a positive and significant effect on online health-seeking behavior (t = 7.915, p < .001), professional health-seeking behavior (t = 4.503, p < .001), traditional health-seeking behavior (t = 6.037, p < .001), and general health-seeking behavior(t = 8.390, p < .001) while it did not have any effect on having a Pap smear test (p > .05). This study showed that although the fear of COVID-19 positively affected health-seeking behaviors in women, the rates of gynecological examination and Pap smear test rates were low during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seda Hazar
- Department of Birth and Women Health and Diseases Nursing, Inonu University Faculty of Nursing, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Duygu Güleç Şatir
- Department of Women Health and Diseases Nursing, Ege University Faculty of Nursing, Ege University School of Nursing, Izmir, Turkey
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Li X, Yang P, Jiang Y, Gao D. Influence of fear of COVID-19 on depression: The mediating effects of anxiety and the moderating effects of perceived social support and stress perception. Front Psychol 2023; 13:1005909. [PMID: 36698611 PMCID: PMC9869132 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1005909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Explore the influence of fear of COVID-19 on depression, with anxiety as a mediator and perceived social support and stress perception as moderates. Methods From February to March 2020, 1,196 valid data were collected online through questionnaire by cluster sampling method. Fear of COVID-19 Questionnaire, the Patient Health Questionnaire 9-Item Scale (PHQ-9), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-Item Scale (GAD-7), the Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS) and the10-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) were used as the survey instrument, and the participants were female undergraduates from a liberal arts college of a Chinese university. Common method bias was assessed using Harman's single-factor test in SPSS and confirmatory factor analysis in AMOS. The levels of participants' anxiety, depression and perceived social support were described using frequency and percentage, Pearson Correlation test was used to measure the correlation between the variables. The PROCESS macro for SPSS (Model 1, Model 4, and Model 21) were applied to examine the mediating effect and moderating effect of the model. Results Fear of COVID-19 can positively influence depression, anxiety plays a mediating role between fear of COVID-19 and depression, perceived social support negatively moderates the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and anxiety, and stress perception positively moderates the relationship between anxiety and depression. These five variables can form a moderated mediating effect model. Conclusion Fear of COVID-19, anxiety and stress perception are risk factors for depression, perceived social support is a protective factor for depression. Reducing the fear of COVID-19, anxiety and stress perception and enhancing perceived social support are beneficial to reduce the level of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Li
- School of Philosophy and Public Administration, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Pengcheng Yang
- School of Philosophy and Public Administration, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yanju Jiang
- Institute of Psychology and Behavior, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Dongdong Gao
- Institute of Psychology and Behavior, Henan University, Kaifeng, China,*Correspondence: Dongdong Gao, ✉
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Hajek A, König HH. Prevalence and correlates of coronavirus anxiety in Germany: Results of a nationally representative survey. DEATH STUDIES 2023; 47:287-295. [PMID: 35412446 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2022.2059722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim was to identify the prevalence and correlates of coronavirus anxiety in the nationally representative adult population in Germany (N = 3,075) via an online survey conducted in August/September 2021. The Coronavirus Anxiety Scale was used to quantify coronavirus anxiety. In sum, 71.2% of the respondents did not report coronavirus anxiety at all (i.e., a score of zero). The average score for coronavirus anxiety was 1.3 (SD: 2.9, ranging from 0 to 20). Several correlates were identified via two-part models. Knowledge about the correlates of coronavirus anxiety may assist in providing targeted support to individuals at risk of high anxiety levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Hajek
- Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg Center for Health Economics, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Helmut König
- Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg Center for Health Economics, Hamburg, Germany
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Holman AC, Popușoi SA. Afraid but misinformed: Conspiracist beliefs cancel the positive influence of fear of COVID-19 on vaccination intentions - Findings from a Romanian sample. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1109064. [PMID: 37151344 PMCID: PMC10158732 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1109064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the factors that make people more likely to refuse vaccination against COVID-19 is crucial in order to design public health messages efficient in increasing vaccination rates. As COVID-19 creates risks of seriously damaging health effects, fear of this disease is as a significant determinant of vaccination intentions, as indicated by past research. Nevertheless, this positive influence may be limited in people who do not consider vaccines as a solution to protect against COVID-19, especially those who hold conspiracist beliefs about the new coronavirus and, implicitly, about the newly developed vaccines. The present study examined in a cross-sectional design on a convenience sample (N = 564) the joint effect of fear of COVID-19 and conspiracist beliefs on vaccination intentions, advancing past research on their independent influences. Furthermore, we investigated and controlled the effects of perceived risk of catching COVID-19, trust in medical experts, attitude towards vaccination and socio-demographical characteristics (i.e., gender, age, and education), previously found to be associated to COVID-19 vaccination intentions. We also tested the effect of ambivalence towards vaccination, i.e., the degree to which people simultaneously hold positive and negative evaluations of this intervention, as the widespread misinformation on the new coronavirus and its vaccines may induce ambivalence on this latter issue in many people. The results showed that the positive effect of fear of COVID-19 on vaccination intentions emerged only in participants who tend not to endorse conspiracist ideas on the new coronavirus. Moreover, higher vaccine hesitancy was found in participants with higher ambivalence towards vaccination, in those who perceive the risk of being contaminated by the new coronavirus as low, and in those with more negative attitudes towards vaccines in general. Vaccine ambivalence also emerged as a mediator of the negative effects of conspiracist beliefs about COVID-19 on vaccination intentions. This pattern of findings suggests the public messages emphasizing the risks of COVID-19 should also combat misinformation in order to maximize vaccine uptake.
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