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Dolezel M, Smutny Z. Adoption of a COVID-19 Contact Tracing App by Czech Youth: Cross-Cultural Replication Study. JMIR Hum Factors 2023; 10:e45481. [PMID: 37971804 PMCID: PMC10655852 DOI: 10.2196/45481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic crisis, the role of digital contact tracing (DCT) intensified. However, the uptake of this technology expectedly differed among age cohorts and national cultures. Various conceptual tools were introduced to strengthen DCT research from a theoretical perspective. However, little has been done to compare theory-supported findings across different cultural contexts and age cohorts. OBJECTIVE Building on the original study conducted in Belgium in April 2020 and theoretically underpinned by the Health Belief Model (HBM), this study attempted to confirm the predictors of DCT adoption in a cultural environment different from the original setting, that is, the Czech Republic. In addition, by using brief qualitative evidence, it aimed to shed light on the possible limitations of the HBM in the examined context and to propose certain extensions of the HBM. METHODS A Czech version of the original instrument was administered to a convenience sample of young (aged 18-29 y) Czech adults in November 2020. After filtering, 519 valid responses were obtained and included in the quantitative data analysis, which used structural equation modeling and followed the proposed structure of the relationships among the HBM constructs. Furthermore, a qualitative thematic analysis of the free-text answers was conducted to provide additional insights about the model's validity in the given context. RESULTS The proposed measurement model exhibited less optimal fit (root mean square error of approximation=0.065, 90% CI 0.060-0.070) than in the original study (root mean square error of approximation=0.036, 90% CI 0.033-0.039). Nevertheless, perceived benefits and perceived barriers were confirmed as the main, statistically significant predictors of DCT uptake, consistent with the original study (β=.60, P<.001 and β=-.39; P<.001, respectively). Differently from the original study, self-efficacy was not a significant predictor in the strict statistical sense (β=.12; P=.003). In addition, qualitative analysis demonstrated that in the given cohort, perceived barriers was the most frequent theme (166/354, 46.9% of total codes). Under this category, psychological fears and concerns was a subtheme, notably diverging from the original operationalization of the perceived barriers construct. In a similar sense, a role for social influence in DCT uptake processes was suggested by some respondents (12/354, 1.7% of total codes). In summary, the quantitative and qualitative results indicated that the proposed quantitative model seemed to be of limited value in the examined context. CONCLUSIONS Future studies should focus on reconceptualizing the 2 underperforming constructs (ie, perceived severity and cues to action) by considering the qualitative findings. This study also provided actionable insights for policy makers and app developers to mitigate DCT adoption issues in the event of a future pandemic caused by unknown viral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Dolezel
- Faculty of Informatics and Statistics, Prague University of Economics and Business, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Smutny
- Faculty of Informatics and Statistics, Prague University of Economics and Business, Prague, Czech Republic
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Myroniuk TW, Teti M, David I, Schatz E. How Midwestern College students protected their families in the first year of COVID-19. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1143342. [PMID: 37333538 PMCID: PMC10273838 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1143342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction College students routinely visit their families due to geographic proximity and their financial dependence. Consequently, the potential of transmitting COVID-19 from campus to their families' homes is consequential. Family members are key sources of support for one another in nearly all matters but there is little research uncovering the mechanisms by which families have protected each other in the pandemic. Methods Through an exploratory qualitative study, we examined the perspectives of a diverse, randomly sampled, group of students from a Midwestern University (pseudonym), in a college town, to identify COVID-19 prevention practices with their family members. We interviewed 33 students between the end of December 2020 and mid-April 2021 and conducted a thematic analysis through an iterative process. Results Students navigated major differences in opinions and undertook significant actions in attempts to protect their family members from COVID-19 exposure. Students' actions were rooted in the greater good of public health; prosocial behavior was on display. Discussion Larger public health initiatives could target the broader population by involving students as messengers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler W. Myroniuk
- Department of Public Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
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Coelho GLDH, Wolf LJ, Vilar R, Monteiro RP, Hanel PHP. Do left-wingers discriminate? A cross-country study on the links between political orientation, values, moral foundations, and the Covid-19 passport. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2023:1-12. [PMID: 37359648 PMCID: PMC10028313 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-023-04554-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
Abstract
To increase Covid-19 vaccine uptake and protect vulnerable people, many countries have introduced a Covid-19 passport in 2021, allowing vaccinated individuals to access indoor facilities more freely and travel to foreign countries. However, the passport has had unintended consequences as it discriminates against those who do not want to get vaccinated for medical, religious, or political reasons, or those who do not have access to vaccines. The present study (N = 678) assessed across Brazil, UK, USA, and a group of other countries, the links between political orientation, human values, and moral foundations, and attitudes towards the Covid-19 passport and whether people perceive it as a discriminatory measure. Results showed that left-wingers, typically more inclined to recognize discrimination, favor the passport more and perceive it as less discriminatory than right-wingers. This pattern remains consistent even after controlling for human values and moral foundations, independently predicting attitudes towards the passport. Overall, our findings provide novel insights into a context in which left-wingers support measures that involuntarily discriminate against certain groups. Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12144-023-04554-9.
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Sieverding T, Wallis H. Young for Old - COVID-19 Related Intergenerational Prosocial Behavior. JOURNAL OF INTERGENERATIONAL RELATIONSHIPS 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15350770.2022.2156651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Sieverding
- Department of Psychology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Hannah Wallis
- Faculty of Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, University Hospital for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Magdeburg, Germany
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Myroniuk TW, Schatz E, Teti M, Hermsen JM. Undergraduate Vaccine Hesitancy and the Influence of "Home" Locales. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14370. [PMID: 36361261 PMCID: PMC9653726 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In the US, the COVID-19 pandemic has exposed deeply rooted resistance to public health. This has important consequences for SARS-CoV-2 variant spread and for future uptake of influenza and other vaccines. We examine these phenomena in Missouri, where its low vaccination rates, high levels of uninsured residents, predominance of conservative values, and stark rural-urban divides are intricately connected to public health resistance. The Socio-Ecological model guides our approach. METHODS We use data from the Fall 2020 Midwestern University (MWU-a pseudonym) Study of Seropositivity and Risk for SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 which are harmonized with the American Community Survey, Missouri County-Level Study, and the USDA Rural-Urban Continuum Codes to estimate multi-level regression models on the relationship between undergraduate students' "home" locales and their own COVID-19 and influenza vaccine hesitancy. FINDINGS The availability of primary care physicians, the prevalence of influenza vaccinations, and location type at the county level, as well as the percentage of residents without health insurance at the zip code level differentially predict COVID-19 and influenza vaccine hesitancy. CONCLUSIONS There is a link between county-level health and geographic characteristics, and individuals'-who were influenced by those counties because that is where their parents live-hesitancy towards vaccines. Identifying feasible, precise, local solutions to reducing vaccine hesitancy could take place if community members and other stakeholders would be open to changes in local-level health policy or practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler W. Myroniuk
- Department of Public Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Enid Schatz
- Department of Public Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Michelle Teti
- Department of Public Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Joan M. Hermsen
- Department of Sociology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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Rosman T, Bosnjak M, Silber H, Koßmann J, Heycke T. Open science and public trust in science: Results from two studies. PUBLIC UNDERSTANDING OF SCIENCE (BRISTOL, ENGLAND) 2022; 31:1046-1062. [PMID: 35699352 PMCID: PMC9630960 DOI: 10.1177/09636625221100686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In two studies, we examined whether open science practices, such as making materials, data, and code of a study openly accessible, positively affect public trust in science. Furthermore, we investigated whether the potential trust-damaging effects of research being funded privately (e.g. by a commercial enterprise) may be buffered by such practices. After preregistering six hypotheses, we conducted a survey study (Study 1; N = 504) and an experimental study (Study 2; N = 588) in two German general population samples. In both studies, we found evidence for the positive effects of open science practices on trust, though it should be noted that in Study 2, results were more inconsistent. We did not however find evidence for the aforementioned buffering effect. We conclude that while open science practices may contribute to increasing trust in science, the importance of making use of open science practices visible should not be underestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Rosman
- Tom Rosman, Leibniz Institute for
Psychology (ZPID), Universitaetsring 15, 54296 Trier, Germany.
| | | | - Henning Silber
- GESIS – Leibniz-Institute for the Social
Sciences, Germany
| | | | - Tobias Heycke
- GESIS – Leibniz-Institute for the Social
Sciences, Germany
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Rosman T, Bosnjak M, Silber H, Koßmann J, Heycke T. Open science and public trust in science: Results from two studies. PUBLIC UNDERSTANDING OF SCIENCE (BRISTOL, ENGLAND) 2022. [PMID: 35699352 DOI: 10.23668/psycharchives.6495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In two studies, we examined whether open science practices, such as making materials, data, and code of a study openly accessible, positively affect public trust in science. Furthermore, we investigated whether the potential trust-damaging effects of research being funded privately (e.g. by a commercial enterprise) may be buffered by such practices. After preregistering six hypotheses, we conducted a survey study (Study 1; N = 504) and an experimental study (Study 2; N = 588) in two German general population samples. In both studies, we found evidence for the positive effects of open science practices on trust, though it should be noted that in Study 2, results were more inconsistent. We did not however find evidence for the aforementioned buffering effect. We conclude that while open science practices may contribute to increasing trust in science, the importance of making use of open science practices visible should not be underestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Henning Silber
- GESIS - Leibniz-Institute for the Social Sciences, Germany
| | | | - Tobias Heycke
- GESIS - Leibniz-Institute for the Social Sciences, Germany
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Rosman T, Bosnjak M, Silber H, Koßmann J, Heycke T. Open science and public trust in science: Results from two studies. PUBLIC UNDERSTANDING OF SCIENCE (BRISTOL, ENGLAND) 2022. [PMID: 35699352 DOI: 10.23668/psycharchives.6494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In two studies, we examined whether open science practices, such as making materials, data, and code of a study openly accessible, positively affect public trust in science. Furthermore, we investigated whether the potential trust-damaging effects of research being funded privately (e.g. by a commercial enterprise) may be buffered by such practices. After preregistering six hypotheses, we conducted a survey study (Study 1; N = 504) and an experimental study (Study 2; N = 588) in two German general population samples. In both studies, we found evidence for the positive effects of open science practices on trust, though it should be noted that in Study 2, results were more inconsistent. We did not however find evidence for the aforementioned buffering effect. We conclude that while open science practices may contribute to increasing trust in science, the importance of making use of open science practices visible should not be underestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Henning Silber
- GESIS - Leibniz-Institute for the Social Sciences, Germany
| | | | - Tobias Heycke
- GESIS - Leibniz-Institute for the Social Sciences, Germany
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Rosman T, Bosnjak M, Silber H, Koßmann J, Heycke T. Open science and public trust in science: Results from two studies. PUBLIC UNDERSTANDING OF SCIENCE (BRISTOL, ENGLAND) 2022. [PMID: 35699352 DOI: 10.23668/psycharchives.6496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In two studies, we examined whether open science practices, such as making materials, data, and code of a study openly accessible, positively affect public trust in science. Furthermore, we investigated whether the potential trust-damaging effects of research being funded privately (e.g. by a commercial enterprise) may be buffered by such practices. After preregistering six hypotheses, we conducted a survey study (Study 1; N = 504) and an experimental study (Study 2; N = 588) in two German general population samples. In both studies, we found evidence for the positive effects of open science practices on trust, though it should be noted that in Study 2, results were more inconsistent. We did not however find evidence for the aforementioned buffering effect. We conclude that while open science practices may contribute to increasing trust in science, the importance of making use of open science practices visible should not be underestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Henning Silber
- GESIS - Leibniz-Institute for the Social Sciences, Germany
| | | | - Tobias Heycke
- GESIS - Leibniz-Institute for the Social Sciences, Germany
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Pilgun M, Raskhodchikov AN, Koreneva Antonova O. Effects of COVID-19 on Multilingual Communication. Front Psychol 2022; 12:792042. [PMID: 35178008 PMCID: PMC8845464 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.792042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The paper presents the results of a study on the analysis of the perception of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by Spanish-, German- and Russian-speaking social media actors after the emergence of vaccines and attitudes toward vaccination. The empirical base of the study was corpus data, materials from online media, social networks, microblogging, blogs, instant messengers, forums, reviews, and video hosting data. The Spanish-language database included 6,640,912 tokens and 43,251,900 characters; the German-language database included 16,322,042 tokens and 109,139,405 characters; and the Russian-language database included 16,310,307 tokens and 109,060,935 characters. With a neural network approach, a multilingual analysis was performed, which made it possible to analyze the topic structure and the semantic network with the allocation of the semantic core and the associative network. Differential and integral features of the identified structures based on the material of these three databases made it possible to determine the general and different characteristics of the perception by Spanish-, German-, and Russian-speaking users of the development of the pandemic, a number of social problems, attitudes toward various types of vaccines, observance of preventive measures, and readiness for vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pilgun
- Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory, Russian State Social University, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Psycholinguistics, Institute of Linguistics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Olga Koreneva Antonova
- Department for Translation and Interpreting, University Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
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Santirocchi A, Spataro P, Costanzi M, Doricchi F, Rossi-Arnaud C, Cestari V. Predictors of the Intention to Be Vaccinated against COVID-19 in a Sample of Italian Respondents at the Start of the Immunization Campaign. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12010111. [PMID: 35055426 PMCID: PMC8780740 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12010111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 vaccines are the most promising means of limiting the pandemic. The present study aims at determining the roles of several psychological variables in predicting vaccination intention in Italy. An online questionnaire was disseminated between 9 March and 9 May 2021. The sample included 971 participants. Results showed that most of the participants were willing to vaccinate. Acceptance rates were correlated with age, marital status, and area of residence. Intention to be vaccinated was positively correlated with perceived risk, pro-sociality, fear of COVID-19, use of preventive behaviors, and trust in government, in science, and in medical professionals. Intention to be vaccinated was negatively associated with belief in misinformation. The degree of acceptance is likely to be a result of the campaign tailored to address people’s negative attitudes towards vaccines. Trust in government and trust in science were among the strongest psychological predictors of vaccination intention. Fear of COVID-19, but not perceived risk, was associated with increased vaccine uptake, suggesting that the affective component of risk perception was more important than the cognitive component in predicting participants’ behaviors. Belief in misinformation was associated with reduced vaccination intention. Future studies will take into consideration these variables, to better understand the multifaceted process underlying vaccination intention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Santirocchi
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.S.); (F.D.); (C.R.-A.)
| | - Pietro Spataro
- Department of Economy, Universitas Mercatorum, 00100 Rome, Italy;
| | - Marco Costanzi
- Department of Human Sciences, Lumsa University, 00193 Rome, Italy;
| | - Fabrizio Doricchi
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.S.); (F.D.); (C.R.-A.)
| | - Clelia Rossi-Arnaud
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.S.); (F.D.); (C.R.-A.)
| | - Vincenzo Cestari
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.S.); (F.D.); (C.R.-A.)
- Correspondence:
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