1
|
Kabasakal Cetin A. Chronotype is associated with addiction-like eating behavior, mindful eating and ultra-processed food intake among undergraduate students. Chronobiol Int 2023; 40:1435-1443. [PMID: 37818640 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2023.2267677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the relationships between chronotype and addiction-like eating behavior, mindful eating and ultra-processed food consumption among undergraduate students. Specific and validated scales were used in order to evaluate chronotype, addiction-like eating behavior and mindful eating (N = 605). Dietary intake was determined by food frequency questionnaire and percentage energy from ultra-processed food was calculated. Self-reported weights and heights were obtained from the participants. Mean scores of scales, social jetlag, energy intake, ultra-processed food intake and BMI were compared by chronotypes. Associations between chronotype, addiction-like eating behavior, mindful eating, ultra-processed food consumption and BMI were determined by Pearson's test. The relationships between chronotype and addiction-like eating behavior, mindful eating and ultra-processed food intake were assessed by linear regression models and adjusted for sex, BMI, energy intake, season, smoking and alcohol consumption. Evening-type participants had higher scores of social jetlag (2.01 ± 0.09), appetitive drive (26.02 ± 0.63), low dietary control (20.50 ± 0.41), addiction-like eating behavior (46.52 ± 0.85), lower scores of recognition (21.91 ± 0.43) and higher percentage energy from ultra-processed food (32.24 ± 1.26%). Chronotype score showed negative associations with addiction like eating behavior (β=-0.247, p < 0.001) and ultra-processed food consumption (β=-0.247, p < 0.001), and a positive association with recognition (β = 0.124, p < 0.001). Results suggest that chronotype is inversely associated with addiction-like eating behavior and ultra-processed food consumption, and positively associated with mindful eating among undergraduate students.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arzu Kabasakal Cetin
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dönmez RB, Demirel TN, Bilgin C, Tarhan N, Örkçü Ö, Ceylan Z, Guleken Z. Comparative and Predictive Analysis of Clinical and Metabolic Features of Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa. ADDICTION & HEALTH 2023; 15:230-239. [PMID: 38322479 PMCID: PMC10843349 DOI: 10.34172/ahj.2023.1466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Background Eating disorders have become increasingly prevalent over the years; the age at which they appear has decreased, and they can lead to serious illness or death. Therefore, the number of studies on the matter has increased. Eating disorders like anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) are affected by many factors including mental illnesses that can have serious physical and psychological consequences. Accordingly, the present study aimed to compare the clinical and metabolic features of patients with AN and BN and identify potential biomarkers for distinguishing between the two disorders. Methods Clinical data of 41 participants who sought treatment for eating disorders between 2012 and 2022, including 29 AN patients and 12 BN patients, were obtained from NPIstanbul Brain Hospital in Istanbul, Turkey. The study included the clinical variables of both outpatient and inpatient treatments. Principal component analysis (PCA) was utilized to gain insights into differentiating AN and BN patients based on clinical characteristics, while machine learning techniques were applied to identify eating disorders. Findings The study found that thyroid hormone levels in patients with AN and BN were influenced by non-thyroidal illness syndrome (NTIS), which could be attributed to various factors, including psychiatric disorders, substance abuse, and medication use. Lipid profile comparisons revealed higher triglyceride levels in the BN group (P<0.05), indicating increased triglyceride synthesis and storage as an energy source. Liver function tests showed lower levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in BN patients (P<0.05), while higher prolactin levels (P<0.05) suggested an altered hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Imbalances in minerals such as calcium and magnesium (P<0.05) were observed in individuals with eating disorders. PCA effectively differentiated AN and BN patients based on clinical features, and the Naïve Bayes (NB) model showed promising results in identifying eating disorders. Conclusion The findings of the study provide important insights into AN and BN patients' clinical features and may help guide future research and treatment strategies for these conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cem Bilgin
- Faculty of Medicine, Üsküdar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nevzat Tarhan
- Department of Physiatry, Üsküdar University, NP Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Özden Örkçü
- Vocational School of Food Technology, Üsküdar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Ceylan
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Samsun University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Zozan Guleken
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep Islam Science and Technology University, Gaziantep, Turkey
- Medical College of Rzeszów University, Rzeszów, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Goodwin AL, Butler GKL, Nikčević AV. Impulsivity dimensions and their associations with disinhibited and actual eating behaviour. Eat Behav 2023; 49:101752. [PMID: 37235996 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2023.101752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research has suggested that there is an association between impulsivity, assessed via self-report measures and behaviourally, and disinhibited eating patterns, but it remains unclear which specific dimension of impulsivity is the most salient in this relationship. Furthermore, it remains uncertain whether any such associations would extend to actual eating behaviours and food consumption. AIMS The present study aimed to examine whether impulsivity, assessed both behaviourally and via self-report, is associated with self-reported disinhibited and actual eating behaviour in a controlled eating task. METHOD 70 women from a community sample (aged 21-35) completed the Disinhibition subscale of the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ), the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11), the Matching Familiar Figures Task (MFFT-20), and a behavioural food consumption task. RESULTS Bivariate correlational analyses revealed significant associations between self-report measure of impulsivity, the scores on the MFFT-20 (assessing reflection impulsivity), and self-report measure of disinhibited eating. All these measures were associated with overall food consumption in a taste task, with reflection impulsivity, that is poor ability to reflect on information before making a decision, having the strongest association with the amount of food consumed. Self-reported impulsivity was most strongly associated with disinhibited eating. Partial correlations controlling for BMI and age did not diminish any significant correlations within these relationships. CONCLUSIONS Significant associations between both trait and behavioural (reflection) impulsivity, and self-reported disinhibited eating and actual eating behaviour were demonstrated. The implications of these findings on uncontrolled eating patterns in real life are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra L Goodwin
- Psychology Department, Kingston University, London, United Kingdom; South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ana V Nikčević
- Psychology Department, Kingston University, London, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Eating Compulsivity in Inpatients with Severe Obesity and the General Population: The Italian Version of the Measure of Eating Compulsivity (MEC10-IT). Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061378. [PMID: 36986106 PMCID: PMC10052425 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to validate and investigate the psychometric properties of the Italian version of the Measure of Eating Compulsivity-10 (MEC10-IT) in a sample of inpatients with severe obesity (Study 1), and to test the measurement invariance of the measure across non-clinical and clinical samples (Study 2). In the first study, a confirmatory factorial analysis (CFA) was conducted among 452 patients in order to confirm the factorial structure of the MEC10-IT. In the second study, the psychometric properties of the MEC10-IT were tested on 453 inpatients with severe obesity and a community sample of 311 participants. The CFA confirmed the factorial structure of the MEC10-IT among an Italian sample of adult inpatients with severe obesity (Study 1). The MEC10-IT was also demonstrated to be invariant between the clinical and the community sample and to possess good psychometric properties, as well as excellent screening abilities for classifying individuals with problematic eating behaviors (Study 2). In conclusion, the MEC10-IT could be considered as a valid and reliable tool for the assessment of compulsive eating in both non-clinical and clinical samples and represents a psychometrically sound measure for clinical and research purposes.
Collapse
|
5
|
Horton AL, Campbell EJ, Aumann TD, O'Brien KR, Lawrence AJ, Brown RM. Addiction-like behaviour towards high-fat high-sugar food predicts relapse propensity in both obesity prone and obesity resistant C57BL/6 J mice. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2023; 121:110654. [PMID: 36209772 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Compulsive overeating of palatable food is thought to underlie some forms of obesity. Similarities are often observed in the behavioural symptomology and the neuropathophysiology underlying substance use disorder and compulsive overeating. As such, preclinical animal models which assess addiction-like behaviour towards food may assist the understanding of the neurobiology underlying overeating behaviour. Further, the relationship between these behaviours and the propensity for diet-induced obesity warrants examination. In this study we investigated the relationship between the propensity for diet-induced obesity (DIO) and addiction-like behaviour towards highly palatable food in C57BL/6 J mice as measured by a 3-criteria model. We also examined the extent to which performance on this 3-criteria model predicted two key hallmark features of addiction - resistance to extinction and relapse propensity (as measured by reinstatement of lever pressing). C57BL/6 J mice were allowed free access to a palatable diet for 8 weeks then separated by weight gain into DIO-prone and DIO-resistant subgroups. Access to palatable food was then restricted to daily operant self-administration sessions whereby addiction-like behaviour towards a high-fat high-sugar food reward was assessed using a 3-criteria model similar to that used to assess addiction-like behaviour towards drugs of abuse. In contrast to findings in rats, no difference in addiction-like behaviour towards food was observed between obesity prone (OP) and obesity resistant (OR) mice. Similarly, principal components analysis found no distinct patterns in the relationship between addiction-like behaviours across treatment groups. This suggests that the strain and species of rodent may be critical for studying the mechanisms underlying pathological overconsumption. Further analysis revealed that the extent of performance on the 3-criteria model correlated with the propensity for C57BL/6 J mice to both extinguish food seeking behaviour and "relapse" after a period of withdrawal. This finding was evident across all groups, regardless of DIO. Collectively, these data validate the 3-criteria model as a robust model to comprehensively assess food addiction-like behaviour in mice, regardless of prior food intake history.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna L Horton
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Florey Department of Neuroscience & Mental Health, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Erin J Campbell
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Florey Department of Neuroscience & Mental Health, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Timothy D Aumann
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Katrina R O'Brien
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew J Lawrence
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Florey Department of Neuroscience & Mental Health, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Robyn M Brown
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Florey Department of Neuroscience & Mental Health, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Brewerton TD. Mechanisms by which adverse childhood experiences, other traumas and PTSD influence the health and well-being of individuals with eating disorders throughout the life span. J Eat Disord 2022; 10:162. [PMID: 36372878 PMCID: PMC9661783 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-022-00696-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple published sources from around the world have confirmed an association between an array of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and other traumatic events with eating disorders (EDs) and related adverse outcomes, including higher morbidity and mortality. METHODS In keeping with this Special Issue's goals, this narrative review focuses on the ACEs pyramid and its purported mechanisms through which child maltreatment and other forms of violence toward human beings influence the health and well-being of individuals who develop EDs throughout the life span. Relevant literature on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is highlighted when applicable. RESULTS At every level of the pyramid, it is shown that EDs interact with each of these proclaimed escalating mechanisms in a bidirectional manner that contributes to the predisposition, precipitation and perpetuation of EDs and related medical and psychiatric comorbidities, which then predispose to early death. The levels and their interactions that are discussed include the contribution of generational embodiment (genetics) and historical trauma (epigenetics), social conditions and local context, the ACEs and other traumas themselves, the resultant disrupted neurodevelopment, subsequent social, emotional and cognitive impairment, the adoption of health risk behaviors, and the development of disease, disability and social problems, all resulting in premature mortality by means of fatal complications and/or suicide. CONCLUSIONS The implications of these cascading, evolving, and intertwined perspectives have important implications for the assessment and treatment of EDs using trauma-informed care and trauma-focused integrated treatment approaches. This overview offers multiple opportunities at every level for the palliation and prevention of EDs and other associated trauma-related conditions, including PTSD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D Brewerton
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Attanasi G, Maffioletti A, Shalukhina T, Bel C, Cherikh F. Gender Differences in the Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on Potentially Addictive Behaviors: An Emotion-Mediated Analysis. Front Psychol 2021; 12:703897. [PMID: 34867588 PMCID: PMC8634025 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.703897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
We study the impact of the spring 2020 lockdown in France on gender-related potentially addictive behaviors and associated negative emotions. We rely on an online survey we administered 1 week after the beginning of the lockdown, with responses collected within 2 weeks after the beginning of the lockdown (N = 1,087). We focus on potential addictions to non-creative activities as food consumption and smartphone usage (female-related), and videogame play (male-related). We find that women were about 1.6 times more likely than men to losing control of their usual diet and about 2.3 times more likely than men to increase smartphone usage, while no significant gender effect is detected as for increased videogame play. This is since the negative emotions driving the increase of female-related non-creative activities (sadness, discouragement, and nervousness) were themselves female-related, while the negative emotions driving the increase of male-related non-creative activities (boredom, emptiness, and stress) were shared by women too. Our study supports the intuition that the same negative emotion induced by COVID-19 side-effects could lead to different potentially addictive behaviors; this difference is explained by the interplay between different gender’s sensitivities to such emotion and different gender’s preferences for specific non-creative activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Coralie Bel
- Addictology Unit, University Hospital of Nice, Nice, France
| | - Faredj Cherikh
- Addictology Unit, University Hospital of Nice, Nice, France
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Claes L, Kiekens G, Boekaerts E, Depestele L, Dierckx E, Gijbels S, Schoevaerts K, Luyckx K. Are Sensitivity to Punishment, Sensitivity to Reward and Effortful Control Transdiagnostic Mechanisms Underlying the Eating Disorder/Obesity Spectrum? Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103327. [PMID: 34684327 PMCID: PMC8541040 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although it has been postulated that eating disorders (EDs) and obesity form part of a broad spectrum of eating- and weight-related disorders, this has not yet been tested empirically. In the present study, we investigated interindividual differences in sensitivity to punishment, sensitivity to reward, and effortful control along the ED/obesity spectrum in women. We used data on 286 patients with eating disorders (44.6% AN-R, 24.12% AN-BP, and 31.82% BN), 126 healthy controls, and 640 Class II/III obese bariatric patients (32.81% Class II and 67.19% Class III) with and without binge eating. Participants completed the behavioral inhibition and behavioral activation scales, as well as the effortful control scale, to assess sensitivity to punishment and reward and effortful control. Results showed that patients with EDs scored significantly higher on punishment sensitivity (anxiety) compared to healthy controls and Class II/III obese patients; the different groups did not differ significantly on reward sensitivity. Patients with binge eating or compensatory behaviors scored significantly lower on effortful control than patients without binge eating. Differences in temperamental profiles along the ED/obesity spectrum appear continuous and gradual rather than categorical. This implies that it may be meaningful to include emotion regulation and impulse regulation training in the treatment of both EDs and obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Claes
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (G.K.); (K.L.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-16-32-61-33
| | - Glenn Kiekens
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (G.K.); (K.L.)
- Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Els Boekaerts
- Obesity Centre Hasselt, Jessa Hospital, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium; (E.B.); (S.G.)
| | - Lies Depestele
- Psychiatric Hospital Alexianen Zorggroep Tienen, 3300 Tienen, Belgium; (L.D.); (E.D.); (K.S.)
| | - Eva Dierckx
- Psychiatric Hospital Alexianen Zorggroep Tienen, 3300 Tienen, Belgium; (L.D.); (E.D.); (K.S.)
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sylvia Gijbels
- Obesity Centre Hasselt, Jessa Hospital, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium; (E.B.); (S.G.)
| | - Katrien Schoevaerts
- Psychiatric Hospital Alexianen Zorggroep Tienen, 3300 Tienen, Belgium; (L.D.); (E.D.); (K.S.)
| | - Koen Luyckx
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (G.K.); (K.L.)
- UNIBS, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
|
10
|
Food Addiction among Female Patients Seeking Treatment for an Eating Disorder: Prevalence and Associated Factors. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061897. [PMID: 32604734 PMCID: PMC7353200 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of "food addiction" (FA) has aroused much focus because of evidence for similarities between overeating and substance use disorders (SUDs). However, few studies have explored this concept among the broad spectrum of eating disorders (ED), especially in anorexia nervosa (AN). This study aimed to assess FA prevalence in ED female patients and to determine its associated factors. We recruited a total of 195 adult women with EDs from an ED treatment center. The prevalence of FA diagnosis (Yale Food Addiction Scale) in the whole ED sample was 83.6%; AN restrictive type (AN-R), 61.5%; AN binge-eating/purging type (AN-BP), 87.9%; bulimia nervosa (BN), 97.6%; and binge-eating disorder (BED), 93.3%. The most frequently met criteria of FA were "clinically significant impairment or distress in relation to food", "craving" and "persistent desire or repeated unsuccessful attempts to cut down". An FA diagnosis was independently associated with three variables: presence of recurrent episodes of binge eating, ED severity, and lower interoceptive awareness. In showing an overlap between ED and FA, this study allows for considering EDs, and AN-R in particular, from an "addictive point of view", and thus for designing therapeutic management that draws from those proposed for addictive disorders.
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
Eating disorders and some forms of obesity are characterized by addictive-like, compulsive eating behavior which contains numerous similarities with compulsive drug use. Food intake is in part mediated by reward and reinforcement processes that can become dysregulated in these disorders. Additionally, impairments in inhibitory control regulation of reward-related responding can cause or further exacerbate binge and compulsive eating. Dysfunctions in two neurotransmitter systems in the mesocorticolimbic pathway, dopamine and glutamate, are thought to contribute to maladaptive eating behaviors. The trace amine associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) system is a promising therapeutic target for compulsive eating behavior due to the role of TAAR1 in synaptic transmission and in the modulation of dopaminergic and glutamatergic signaling. In support of this notion, the TAAR1 agonist RO5256390 was found to decrease the reinforcing effects of palatable food-cues and to reduce binge-like and compulsive-like eating of palatable food. Additionally, prolonged, intermittent access to palatable food was shown to downregulate TAAR1 in the prefrontal cortex, suggesting a potential role for TAAR1 signaling in inhibitory control processes. Research into the role of TAAR1 in addiction, including TAAR1’s ability to modulate psychostimulant reward and reinforcement, bolsters support for TAAR1 agonism as a pharmacological treatment for compulsive eating and other addictive behaviors. This review summarizes the evidence for TAAR1 agonism as a promising therapeutic for compulsive eating behavior as well as the hypothesized mechanism responsible for these effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine F Moore
- Laboratory of Addictive Disorders, Departments of Pharmacology and Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.,The Graduate Program for Neuroscience, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Valentina Sabino
- Laboratory of Addictive Disorders, Departments of Pharmacology and Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Pietro Cottone
- Laboratory of Addictive Disorders, Departments of Pharmacology and Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review examines the food addiction model and the role of food hedonic pathways in the pathogenesis and treatment of obesity. RECENT FINDINGS The hedonic pathway interacts with the obesogenic environment to override homeostatic mechanisms to cause increase in body weight. Weight gain sustained over time leads to "upward setting" of defended level of body-fat mass. There are neurobiological and phenotypic similarities and differences between hedonic pathways triggered by food compared with other addictive substances, and the entity of food addiction remains controversial. Treatment for obesity including pharmacotherapy and bariatric surgery impacts on neural pathways governing appetite and hedonic control of food intake. The food addiction model may also have significant impact on public health policy, regulation of certain foods, and weight stigma and bias. Recent rapid progress in delineation of food hedonic pathways advances our understanding of obesity and facilitates development of effective treatment measures against the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phong Ching Lee
- Obesity and Metabolism Unit, Department of Endocrinology, Singapore General Hospital, Bukit Merah, Singapore
| | - John B Dixon
- Clinical Obesity Research, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia.
- Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia.
- Primary Care Research Unit, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Jeynes KD, Gibson EL. The importance of nutrition in aiding recovery from substance use disorders: A review. Drug Alcohol Depend 2017; 179:229-239. [PMID: 28806640 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutrition is a prerequisite for health; yet, there is no special nutritional assessment or guidance for drug and alcohol dependent individuals, despite the fact that their food consumption is often very limited, risking malnutrition. Further, the premise is examined that malnutrition may promote drug seeking and impede recovery from substance use disorders (SUD). METHOD A narrative review addressed the relationship between substance use disorders and nutrition, including evidence for malnutrition, as well as their impact on metabolism and appetite regulation. The implications of the biopsychology of addiction and appetite for understanding the role of nutrition in SUD were also considered. RESULTS The literature overwhelmingly finds that subjects with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and drug use disorder (DUD) typically suffer from nutrient deficiencies. These nutrient deficiencies may be complicit in the alcoholic myopathy, osteopenia and osteoporosis, and mood disorders including anxiety and depression, observed in AUD and DUD. These same individuals have also been found to have altered body composition and altered hormonal metabolic regulators. Additionally, brain processes fundamental for survival are stimulated both by food, particularly sweet foods, and by substances of abuse, with evidence supporting confusion (addiction transfer) when recovering from SUD between cravings for a substance and craving for food. CONCLUSION Poor nutritional status in AUD and DUD severely impacts their physical and psychological health, which may impede their ability to resist substances of abuse and recover their health. This review contributes to a better understanding of interventions that could best support individuals with substance use disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kendall D Jeynes
- Department of Life Sciences, Whitelands College, University of Roehampton, London SW15 4JD, UK
| | - E Leigh Gibson
- Department of Psychology, Whitelands College, University of Roehampton, Holybourne Avenue, London SW15 4JD, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Validation of the Italian version of the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 (I-YFAS 2.0) in a sample of undergraduate students. Eat Weight Disord 2017; 22:527-533. [PMID: 28780748 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-017-0421-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Food addiction (FA) refers to a condition characterized by addiction in relation to some high-fat and high-sugar carbohydrate that leads to clinically significant impairment or distress on several areas of functioning. The Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 (YFAS 2.0) has been recently updated to measure FA according to the DSM-5 criteria for substance-related and addictive disorders. This study aimed at validating the Italian version of YFAS 2.0. METHODS A sample of 574 Italian university students was involved in this research. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Kuder-Richardson's alpha for dichotomous data were run to evaluate scale structure and reliability. Correlations between YFAS 2.0 and eating psychopathology, binge eating, sleep, and mood symptoms were evaluated. RESULTS Analogously to the original version, a single factor structure emerged at the CFA. The alpha coefficient was 0.87. Moreover, sound, from moderate to high, correlations were found with other measures. CONCLUSIONS The Italian version of the YFAS 2.0 has demonstrated in a sample of university students to be a useful tool to investigate food addictions. Level of evidence Level V, descriptive study.
Collapse
|
15
|
Pathological Overeating: Emerging Evidence for a Compulsivity Construct. Neuropsychopharmacology 2017; 42:1375-1389. [PMID: 27922596 PMCID: PMC5436113 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2016.269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Compulsive eating behavior is a transdiagnostic construct that is characteristic of medical and psychiatric conditions such as forms of obesity and eating disorders. Although feeding research is moving toward a better understanding of the proposed addictive properties of food, the components and the mechanisms contributing to compulsive eating are not yet clearly defined or understood. Current understanding highlights three elements of compulsive behavior as it applies to pathological overeating: (1) habitual overeating; (2) overeating to relieve a negative emotional state; and (3) overeating despite aversive consequences. These elements emerge through mechanisms involving pathological habit formation through an aberrant learning process, the emergence of a negative emotional state, and dysfunctions in behavioral control. Dysfunctions in systems within neurocircuitries that comprise the basal ganglia, the extended amygdala, and the prefrontal cortex result in compulsive eating behaviors. Here, we present evidence to relate compulsive eating behavior and addiction and to characterize their underlying neurobiological mechanisms. A major need to improve understanding of compulsive eating through the integration of complex motivational, emotional, and cognitive constructs is warranted.
Collapse
|
16
|
Cameron JD, Chaput JP, Sjödin AM, Goldfield GS. Brain on Fire: Incentive Salience, Hedonic Hot Spots, Dopamine, Obesity, and Other Hunger Games. Annu Rev Nutr 2017; 37:183-205. [PMID: 28564556 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-071816-064855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This review examines human feeding behavior in light of psychological motivational theory and highlights the importance of midbrain dopamine (DA). Prospective evidence of both reward surfeit and reward deficit pathways to increased body weight are evaluated, and we argue that it is more complex than an either/or scenario when examining DA's role in reward sensitivity, eating, and obesity. The Taq1A genotype is a common thread that ties the contrasting models of DA reward and obesity; this genotype related to striatal DA is not associated with obesity class per se but may nevertheless confer an increased risk of weight gain. We also critically examine the concept of so-called food addiction, and despite growing evidence, we argue that there is currently insufficient human data to warrant this diagnostic label. The surgical and pharmacological treatments of obesity are discussed, and evidence is presented for the selective use of DA-class drugs in obesity treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jameason D Cameron
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity (HALO) Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 5B2, Canada; , ,
| | - Jean-Philippe Chaput
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity (HALO) Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 5B2, Canada; , ,
| | - Anders M Sjödin
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1165 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Gary S Goldfield
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity (HALO) Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 5B2, Canada; , ,
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Carter A, Hendrikse J, Lee N, Yücel M, Verdejo-Garcia A, Andrews ZB, Hall W. The Neurobiology of "Food Addiction" and Its Implications for Obesity Treatment and Policy. Annu Rev Nutr 2016; 36:105-28. [PMID: 27296500 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-071715-050909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing view that certain foods, particularly those high in refined sugars and fats, are addictive and that some forms of obesity can usefully be treated as a food addiction. This perspective is supported by a growing body of neuroscience research demonstrating that the chronic consumption of energy-dense foods causes changes in the brain's reward pathway that are central to the development and maintenance of drug addiction. Obese and overweight individuals also display patterns of eating behavior that resemble the ways in which addicted individuals consume drugs. We critically review the evidence that some forms of obesity or overeating could be considered a food addiction and argue that the use of food addiction as a diagnostic category is premature. We also examine some of the potential positive and negative clinical, social, and public policy implications of describing obesity as a food addiction that require further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Carter
- School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash University, Clayton Victoria 3800, Australia; .,University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland 4029 Australia
| | - Joshua Hendrikse
- School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash University, Clayton Victoria 3800, Australia;
| | - Natalia Lee
- Neuroscience Interdepartmental Graduate Program, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Murat Yücel
- School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash University, Clayton Victoria 3800, Australia;
| | - Antonio Verdejo-Garcia
- School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash University, Clayton Victoria 3800, Australia;
| | - Zane B. Andrews
- School of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Wayne Hall
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland 4029 Australia.,Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland 4006 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wolz I, Hilker I, Granero R, Jiménez-Murcia S, Gearhardt AN, Dieguez C, Casanueva FF, Crujeiras AB, Menchón JM, Fernández-Aranda F. "Food Addiction" in Patients with Eating Disorders is Associated with Negative Urgency and Difficulties to Focus on Long-Term Goals. Front Psychol 2016; 7:61. [PMID: 26869963 PMCID: PMC4735728 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate if eating disorder patients differ in specific personality traits depending on a positive screening of food addiction (FA) and to find a model to predict FA in eating disorder patients using measures of personality and impulsivity. Methods: Two hundred seventy eight patients, having an eating disorder, self-reported on FA, impulsivity, personality, eating and general psychopathology. Patients were then split into two groups, depending on a positive or negative result on the FA screening. Analysis of variance was used to compare means between the two groups. Stepwise binary logistic regression was used to obtain a predictive model for the presence of FA. Results: Patients with FA had lower self-directedness, and more negative urgency and lack of perseverance than patients not reporting addictive eating. The probability of FA can be predicted by high negative urgency, high reward dependence, and low lack of premeditation. Conclusion: Eating disorder patients who have more problems to pursue tasks to the end and to focus on long-term goals seem to be more likely to develop addictive eating patterns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ines Wolz
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELLBarcelona, Spain; Ciber Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto Salud Carlos IIIBarcelona, Spain
| | - Ines Hilker
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roser Granero
- Ciber Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto Salud Carlos IIIBarcelona, Spain; Department of Psychobiology and Methodology, Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Jiménez-Murcia
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELLBarcelona, Spain; Ciber Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto Salud Carlos IIIBarcelona, Spain; Department of Psychobiology and Methodology, Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Dieguez
- Ciber Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto Salud Carlos IIIBarcelona, Spain; Department of Physiology, Centro Singular de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación SanitariaSantiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Felipe F Casanueva
- Ciber Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto Salud Carlos IIIBarcelona, Spain; Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Research Area, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de CompostelaA Coruña, Spain
| | - Ana B Crujeiras
- Ciber Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto Salud Carlos IIIBarcelona, Spain; Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Research Area, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de CompostelaA Coruña, Spain
| | - José M Menchón
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELLBarcelona, Spain; Department of Psychobiology and Methodology, Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain; Ciber Salud Mental, Instituto Salud Carlos IIIBarcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Fernández-Aranda
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELLBarcelona, Spain; Ciber Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto Salud Carlos IIIBarcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Meule A. Back by Popular Demand: A Narrative Review on the History of Food Addiction Research. THE YALE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2015; 88:295-302. [PMID: 26339213 PMCID: PMC4553650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the concept of food addiction has gained more and more popularity. This approach acknowledges the apparent parallels between substance use disorders and overeating of highly palatable, high-caloric foods. Part of this discussion includes that "hyperpalatable" foods may have an addictive potential because of increased potency due to certain nutrients or additives. Although this idea seems to be relatively new, research on food addiction actually encompasses several decades, a fact that often remains unrecognized. Scientific use of the term addiction in reference to chocolate even dates back to the 19th century. In the 20th century, food addiction research underwent several paradigm shifts, which include changing foci on anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, obesity, or binge eating disorder. Thus, the purpose of this review is to describe the history and state of the art of food addiction research and to demonstrate its development and refinement of definitions and methodologies.
Collapse
|
20
|
Gold MS, Badgaiyan RD, Blum K. A Shared Molecular and Genetic Basis for Food and Drug Addiction: Overcoming Hypodopaminergic Trait/State by Incorporating Dopamine Agonistic Therapy in Psychiatry. Psychiatr Clin North Am 2015; 38:419-62. [PMID: 26300032 DOI: 10.1016/j.psc.2015.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This article focuses on the shared molecular and neurogenetics of food and drug addiction tied to the understanding of reward deficiency syndrome. Reward deficiency syndrome describes a hypodopaminergic trait/state that provides a rationale for commonality in approaches for treating long-term reduced dopamine function across the reward brain regions. The identification of the role of DNA polymorphic associations with reward circuitry has resulted in new understanding of all addictive behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark S Gold
- Departments of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1975 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Rivermend Health Scientific Advisory Board, 2300 Windy Ridge Parkway South East, Suite 210S, Atlanta, GA 30339, USA; Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) Educational Foundation, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Rajendra D Badgaiyan
- Laboratory of Advanced Radiochemistry and Molecular and Functioning Imaging, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kenneth Blum
- Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Center for Clinical & Translational Science, Community Mental Health Institute, University of Vermont College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA; Division of Applied Clinical Research, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC, 211 Circuit Drive, North Kingstown, RI 02852, USA; Rivermend Health Scientific Advisory Board, Atlanta, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Grall-Bronnec M, Sauvaget A. The use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for modulating craving and addictive behaviours: a critical literature review of efficacy, technical and methodological considerations. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2015; 47:592-613. [PMID: 25454360 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a potential therapeutic intervention for the treatment of addiction. This critical review aims to summarise the recent developments with respect to the efficacy of rTMS for all types of addiction and related disorders (including eating disorders), and concentrates on the associated methodological and technical issues. METHODS The bibliographic search consisted of a computerised screening of the Medline and ScienceDirect databases up to December 2013. Criteria for inclusion were the target problem was an addiction, a related disorder, or craving; the intervention was performed using rTMS; and the study was a clinical trial. RESULTS Of the potential 638 articles, 18 met the criteria for inclusion. Most of these (11 of the 18) supported the efficacy of rTMS, especially in the short term. In most cases, the main assessment criterion was the measurement of craving using a Visual Analogue Scale. DISCUSSION The results are discussed with respect to the study limitations and, in particular, the many methodological and technical discrepancies that were identified. Key recommendations are provided.
Collapse
|
22
|
Dietrich A, Federbusch M, Grellmann C, Villringer A, Horstmann A. Body weight status, eating behavior, sensitivity to reward/punishment, and gender: relationships and interdependencies. Front Psychol 2014; 5:1073. [PMID: 25368586 PMCID: PMC4202791 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Behavioral and personality characteristics are factors that may jointly regulate body weight. This study explored the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and self-reported behavioral and personality measures. These measures included eating behavior (based on the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire; Stunkard and Messick, 1985), sensitivity to reward and punishment (based on the Behavioral Inhibition System/Behavioral Activation System (BIS/BAS) scales) (Carver and White, 1994) and self-reported impulsivity (based on the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11; Patton et al., 1995). We found an inverted U-shaped relationship between restrained eating and BMI. This relationship was moderated by the level of disinhibited eating. Independent of eating behavior, BIS and BAS responsiveness were associated with BMI in a gender-specific manner with negative relationships for men and positive relationships for women. Together, eating behavior and BIS/BAS responsiveness accounted for a substantial proportion of BMI variance (men: ∼25%, women: ∼32%). A direct relationship between self-reported impulsivity and BMI was not observed. In summary, our results demonstrate a system of linear and non-linear relationships between the investigated factors and BMI. Moreover, body weight status was not only associated with eating behavior (cognitive restraint and disinhibition), but also with personality factors not inherently related to an eating context (BIS/BAS). Importantly, these relationships differ between men and women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anja Dietrich
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain SciencesLeipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Federbusch
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain SciencesLeipzig, Germany
- IFB Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig University Medical CenterLeipzig, Germany
| | - Claudia Grellmann
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain SciencesLeipzig, Germany
- IFB Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig University Medical CenterLeipzig, Germany
| | - Arno Villringer
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain SciencesLeipzig, Germany
- IFB Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig University Medical CenterLeipzig, Germany
- Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University Hospital LeipzigLeipzig, Germany
- Mind and Brain Institute, Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-University and CharitéBerlin, Germany
- Collaborative Research Center 1052A1, University of LeipzigLeipzig, Germany
| | - Annette Horstmann
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain SciencesLeipzig, Germany
- IFB Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig University Medical CenterLeipzig, Germany
- Collaborative Research Center 1052A5, University of LeipzigLeipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Prevalence and correlates of binge eating in seasonal affective disorder. Psychiatry Res 2014; 217:47-53. [PMID: 24680872 PMCID: PMC4019042 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2014.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Revised: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Eating pathology in Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) may be more severe than hyperphagia during winter. Although research has documented elevated rates of subclinical binge eating in women with SAD, the prevalence and correlates of binge eating disorder (BED) in SAD remain largely uncharacterized. We examined the prevalence and correlates of binge eating, weekly binge eating with distress, and BED as defined by the DSM-IV-TR in SAD. We also tested whether binge eating exhibits a seasonal pattern among individuals with BED. Two samples were combined to form a sample of individuals with SAD (N=112). A third sample included non-depressed adults with clinical (n=12) and subclinical (n=11) BED. All participants completed the Questionnaire of Eating and Weight Patterns-Revised (QEWP-R) and modified Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire (M-SPAQ). In the SAD sample, 26.5% reported binge eating, 11.6% met criteria for weekly binge eating with distress, and 8.9% met criteria for BED. Atypical symptom severity predicted binge eating and BED. In the BED sample, 30% endorsed seasonal worsening of mood, and 26% reported a winter pattern of binge eating. The spectrum of eating pathology in SAD includes symptoms of BED, which are associated with atypical depression symptoms, but typical depression symptoms.
Collapse
|
24
|
Davis C, Carter JC. If Certain Foods are Addictive, How Might this Change the Treatment of Compulsive Overeating and Obesity? CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s40429-014-0013-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|