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Santana-Cordón L, Afonso-Oramas D, Lemus-Mesa A, González-Gómez M, Barroso-Chinea P. Morphological study of neuropeptide Y expression in human and mouse anterior insular cortex: Overexpression in the insular cortex and nucleus accumbens in obese mice on a long-term obesogenic diet. Ann Anat 2023; 250:152127. [PMID: 37355144 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2023.152127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The anterior lobe of the insular cortex (aINS) is a cortical region that has reciprocal connections with limbic centers such as the anterior cingulate cortex, prefrontal cortex, amygdala and nucleus accumbens (NAc). In fact, the aINS has been involved in the integration of autonomic information for emotional and motivational functions. The compulsive consumption of drugs or high-fat foods induces alterations at both behavioural and brain levels. Brain reward circuits are altered in response to continued intake, in particular the dopaminergic projections from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to the NAc. The aINS has multiple connections with the components of this system. In recent years, efforts have been made to better understand the fundamental role of the aINS in addiction, making it one of the key centres of interest for research into new treatments for addiction. OBJECTIVES The present work focuses on studying 1.- whether the human aINS expresses orexigenic peptides such as neuropeptide Y (NPY), a peptide known to induce hyperphagia, and which has been implicated in the onset and development of obesity, 2.- the long-term effect of an obesogenic diet on NPY expression in the aINS and NAc of C57BL/6 mice. METHODS A total of 17 female C57BL/6 J mice were used in this study. Female mice were fed ad libitum with water and, either a standard diet (SD) or a high-fat diet (HFD) to induce obesity. There were seven female mice on the SD and ten on the HFD. The duration of the experiment was 180 days. We also studied 3 human adult brains (1 male and 2 females, mean age 55.7 ± 5.2 years). The morphological study was performed using immunohistochemistry and double immunofluorescence techniques to study the neurochemical profile of NPY neurons of the aINS and NAc of humans and mice. RESULTS Our morphological analysis demonstrates for the first time the basal expression of NPY in different layers of the human cortex (II, III, IV, V/VI), in a pattern similar to previous studies in other species. Furthermore, we observed an increase in the number of NPY-positive cells and their intracytoplasmic signal in the aINS and NAc of the obese mice subjected to a long-term obesogenic diet. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first study to show the distribution and expression of NPY in the human INS and how its expression is altered after prolonged treatment with an obesogenic diet in obese mice. Our findings may contribute to the understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying obesity in regions related to the reward system and associated with uncontrolled intake of high-fat foods, thus facilitating the identification of novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Santana-Cordón
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Domingo Afonso-Oramas
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain; Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas de Canarias (ITB), Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Neurociencias. Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
| | - Alejandro Lemus-Mesa
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Miriam González-Gómez
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain; Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas de Canarias (ITB), Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Neurociencias. Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Pedro Barroso-Chinea
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain; Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas de Canarias (ITB), Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Neurociencias. Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
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Attanasio M, Giuliani A, Romano L, Laidò C, Di Poggiovalle G, Le Donne I, Di Fonzo V, Tiberti S, Valenti M, Mazza M. Psychopathological factors and personality dimensions on dysfunctional eating behaviors in a sample of individuals with obesity. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1140890. [PMID: 37794917 PMCID: PMC10546769 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1140890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Obesity and eating disorders are considered to be part of a broad spectrum of disorders associated with weight issues and maladaptive eating styles. Several studies show that psychopathological and personality characteristics contribute to the development and maintenance of obesity and dysfunctional eating behaviors, showing a bidirectional relationship. The purpose of this study was to understand the role of psychopathological factors and personality dimensions on dysfunctional eating behaviors in a sample of individuals with obesity. Methods The study was conducted with 96 individuals with obesity (31 males and 65 females) who underwent psychological assessment. The instruments administered included the Cognitive Behavioral Assessment 2.0 - Primary Scales, the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2, and the Eating Disorder Inventory. Relationships between dysfunctional eating behaviors and personality and psychopathological factors were explored through mediation analysis. Results and discussion Our results showed that difficulties related to impulse control and behavior, along with negative and dysphoric emotions, may be associated with difficulties in eating behavior. Mediation analysis showed that the combination of depressive and obsessive-compulsive symptomatology may exacerbate or contribute to the occurrence of eating disorders. These psychopathological aspects should be taken into account during the assessment of patients who decide to undergo bariatric surgery and should be targets of specific psychological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Attanasio
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Antonio Giuliani
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
- Department of Surgery, San Salvatore Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Lucia Romano
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
- Department of Surgery, San Salvatore Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Cristina Laidò
- Istituto Romano di psicoterapia e psicodinamica integrata, Rome, Italy
| | - Gilda Di Poggiovalle
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Ilenia Le Donne
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Valentina Di Fonzo
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Sergio Tiberti
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Marco Valenti
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Monica Mazza
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
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3
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Fatakdawala I, Ayaz H, Safati AB, Sakib MN, Hall PA. Effects of prefrontal theta burst stimulation on neuronal activity and subsequent eating behavior: an interleaved rTMS and fNIRS study. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2023; 18:6146114. [PMID: 33615370 PMCID: PMC10074772 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsab023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) are both important nodes for self-control and decision-making but through separable processes (cognitive control vs evaluative processing). This study aimed to examine the effects of excitatory brain stimulation [intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS)] targeting the dlPFC and dmPFC on eating behavior. iTBS was hypothesized to decrease consumption of appetitive snack foods, via enhanced interference control for dlPFC stimulation and reduced delay discounting (DD) for dmPFC stimulation. Using a single-blinded, between-subjects design, participants (N = 43) were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: (i) iTBS targeting the left dlPFC, (ii) iTBS targeting bilateral dmPFC or (iii) sham. Participants then completed two cognitive tasks (DD and Flanker), followed by a bogus taste test. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy imaging revealed that increases in the medial prefrontal cortex activity were evident in the dmPFC stimulation group during the DD task; likewise, a neural efficiency effect was observed in the dlPFC stimulation group during the Flanker. Gender significantly moderated during the taste test, with females in the dmPFC showing paradoxical increases in food consumption compared to sham. Findings suggest that amplification of evaluative processing may facilitate eating indulgence when preponderant social cues are permissive and food is appetitive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idris Fatakdawala
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, CA, ON, Canada
| | - Hasan Ayaz
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Drexel Solutions Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Family and Community Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Center for Injury Research and Prevention, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Adrian B Safati
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, CA, ON, Canada
| | - Mohammad N Sakib
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, CA, ON, Canada
| | - Peter A Hall
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, CA, ON, Canada.,Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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Albaugh VL, He Y, Münzberg H, Morrison CD, Yu S, Berthoud HR. Regulation of body weight: Lessons learned from bariatric surgery. Mol Metab 2023; 68:101517. [PMID: 35644477 PMCID: PMC9938317 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bariatric or weight loss surgery is currently the most effective treatment for obesity and metabolic disease. Unlike dieting and pharmacology, its beneficial effects are sustained over decades in most patients, and mortality is among the lowest for major surgery. Because there are not nearly enough surgeons to implement bariatric surgery on a global scale, intensive research efforts have begun to identify its mechanisms of action on a molecular level in order to replace surgery with targeted behavioral or pharmacological treatments. To date, however, there is no consensus as to the critical mechanisms involved. SCOPE OF REVIEW The purpose of this non-systematic review is to evaluate the existing evidence for specific molecular and inter-organ signaling pathways that play major roles in bariatric surgery-induced weight loss and metabolic benefits, with a focus on Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG), in both humans and rodents. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Gut-brain communication and its brain targets of food intake control and energy balance regulation are complex and redundant. Although the relatively young science of bariatric surgery has generated a number of hypotheses, no clear and unique mechanism has yet emerged. It seems increasingly likely that the broad physiological and behavioral effects produced by bariatric surgery do not involve a single mechanism, but rather multiple signaling pathways. Besides a need to improve and better validate surgeries in animals, advanced techniques, including inducible, tissue-specific knockout models, and the use of humanized physiological traits will be necessary. State-of-the-art genetically-guided neural identification techniques should be used to more selectively manipulate function-specific pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vance L Albaugh
- Translational and Integrative Gastrointestinal and Endocrine Research Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Yanlin He
- Brain Glycemic and Metabolism Control Department, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Heike Münzberg
- Neurobiology of Nutrition & Metabolism Department, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Christopher D Morrison
- Neurobiology of Nutrition & Metabolism Department, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Sangho Yu
- Neurobiology of Nutrition & Metabolism Department, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Hans-Rudolf Berthoud
- Neurobiology of Nutrition & Metabolism Department, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
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Li W, He Q. Editorial: Community series in overeating and decision making vulnerabilities. Front Psychol 2023; 13:1101004. [PMID: 36743622 PMCID: PMC9897058 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1101004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qinghua He
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China,Southwest University Branch, Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment Toward Basic Education Quality at Beijing Normal University, Chongqing, China,*Correspondence: Qinghua He ✉
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Cai HT, Zhang HW, Zheng H, Xu T, Liu L, Ban XY, Di JZ, Yuan TF, Han XD. Development of Chinese food picture library for inducing food cravings. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1143831. [PMID: 37063557 PMCID: PMC10098199 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1143831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cue-induced food cravings are strong desires directed toward specific foods, usually ones with high caloric content, and can lead to overeating. However, although food cravings vary according to individual preferences for specific high-calorie food subtypes, a structured library of food craving-inducing pictures including multiple categories of high-calorie foods does not yet exist. Here, we developed and validated a picture library of Chinese foods (PLCF) consisting of five subtypes of high-calorie foods (i.e., sweets, starches, salty foods, fatty foods, and sugary drinks) to allow for more nuanced future investigations in food craving research, particularly in Chinese cultural contexts. We collected 100 food images representing these five subtypes, with four food items per subtype depicted in five high-resolution photographs each. We recruited 241 individuals with overweight or obesity to rate the food pictures based on craving, familiarity, valence, and arousal dimensions. Of these participants, 213 reported the severity of problematic eating behaviors as a clinical characteristic. Under the condition of mixing multiple subtypes of high-calorie foods, we did not observe significant differences in craving ratings for high- and low-calorie food images (p tukey > 0.05). Then, we compared each subtype of high-calorie food images to low-calorie ones, and found craving ratings were greater for the images of salty foods and sugary drinks (ps < 0.05). Furthermore, we conducted a subgroup analysis of individuals according to whether they did or did not meet the criteria for food addiction (FA) and found that greater cravings induced by the images of high-calorie food subtypes (i.e., salty foods and sugary drinks) only appeared in the subgroup that met the FA criteria. The results show that the PLCF is practical for investigating food cravings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ting Cai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Brain Health Institute, National Center for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Wei Zhang
- Department of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Brain Health Institute, National Center for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Xu
- Department of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu-Yan Ban
- Department of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Zhong Di
- Department of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jian-Zhong Di,
| | - Ti-Fei Yuan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Brain Health Institute, National Center for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Ti-Fei Yuan,
| | - Xiao-Dong Han
- Department of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Xiao-Dong Han,
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7
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Ostendorf S, Brand M. Theoretical conceptualization of online privacy-related decision making – Introducing the tripartite self-disclosure decision model. Front Psychol 2022; 13:996512. [DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.996512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-disclosures on online social networks have received increased attention in the last two decades. Researchers from different disciplines investigated manifold influencing variables, and studies applied different theories to explain why many users share very sensitive and personal information despite potential risks and negative consequences, whereas others do not. Oftentimes, it is argued that self-disclosure decisions result from a kind of rational “calculus” of risks and benefits. However, such an assumption of rationality can and has been criticized. Nevertheless, fundamental cognitive and affective mechanisms that underlie self-disclosure decision making on social networks are still under-explored. By building upon previous self-disclosure theories and models, dual-and tripartite-system perspectives of decision making, and former empirical findings, we propose a Tripartite Self-Disclosure Decision (TSDD) model that conceptualizes inner processes of online self-disclosure decision making. Central to this model is the proposed interaction of three neural and cognitive/affective systems: a reflective, an impulsive, and an interoceptive system. We further highlight individual and environmental features, which can impact individuals’ online self-disclosure decisions by (interactively) influencing the proposed inner decision-making processes targeting the aforementioned three systems. Possible short- and long-term consequences are also discussed, which in turn can affect certain model components in subsequent self-disclosure decision situations. By taking such a neurocognitive perspective, we expand current research and models, which helps to better understand potentially risky information sharing on online social networks and can support attempts to prevent users from incautious self-disclosures.
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Diéguez E, Nieto-Ruiz A, Martín-Pérez C, Sepúlveda-Valbuena N, Herrmann F, Jiménez J, De-Castellar R, Catena A, García-Santos JA, Bermúdez MG, Campoy C. Association study between hypothalamic functional connectivity, early nutrition, and glucose levels in healthy children aged 6 years: The COGNIS study follow-up. Front Nutr 2022; 9:935740. [PMID: 36313089 PMCID: PMC9597646 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.935740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Breastfeeding (BF) is the gold standard in infant nutrition; knowing how it influences brain connectivity would help understand the mechanisms involved, which would help close the nutritional gap between infant formulas and breast milk. We analyzed potential long-term differences depending on the diet with an experimental infant formula (EF), compared to a standard infant formula (SF) or breastfeeding (BF) during the first 18 months of life on children's hypothalamic functional connectivity (FC) assessed at 6 years old. A total of 62 children participating in the COGNIS randomized clinical trial (Clinical Trial Registration: www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT02094547) were included in this study. They were randomized to receive an SF (n = 22) or a bioactive nutrient-enriched EF (n = 20). BF children were also included as a control study group (BF: n = 20). Brain function was evaluated using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and mean glucose levels were collected through a 24-h continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) device at 6 years old. Furthermore, nutrient intake was also analyzed during the first 18 months of life and at 6 years old through 3-day dietary intake records. Groups fed with EF and BF showed lower FC between the medial hypothalamus (MH) and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in comparison with SF-fed children. Moreover, the BF children group showed lower FC between the MH and the left putamen extending to the middle insula, and higher FC between the MH and the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) compared to the EF-fed children group. These areas are key regions within the salience network, which is involved in processing salience stimuli, eating motivation, and hedonic-driven desire to consume food. Indeed, current higher connectivity found on the MH-IFG network in the BF group was associated with lower simple sugars acceptable macronutrient distribution ranges (AMDRs) at 6 months of age. Regarding linoleic acid intake at 12 months old, a negative association with this network (MH-IFG) only in the BF group was found. In addition, BF children showed lower mean glucose levels compared to SF-fed children at 6 years old. Our results may point out a possible relationship between diet during the first 18 months of life and inclined proclivity for hedonic eating later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefanía Diéguez
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), Health Sciences Technological Park, Granada, Spain,EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Ana Nieto-Ruiz
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), Health Sciences Technological Park, Granada, Spain,EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Cristina Martín-Pérez
- Psychology Department, Faculty of Education, University of Valladolid, Segovia, Spain
| | - Natalia Sepúlveda-Valbuena
- Nutrition and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Florian Herrmann
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain,EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Jesús Jiménez
- Ordesa Laboratories, S.L., Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
| | | | - Andrés Catena
- Department of Experimental Psychology, School of Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - José Antonio García-Santos
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), Health Sciences Technological Park, Granada, Spain,EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Mercedes G. Bermúdez
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), Health Sciences Technological Park, Granada, Spain,EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Cristina Campoy
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), Health Sciences Technological Park, Granada, Spain,EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Granada, Spain,National Network of Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III (Granada's Node), Madrid, Spain,*Correspondence: Cristina Campoy
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Wang R, Mo F, Shen Y, Song Y, Cai H, Zhu J. Functional connectivity gradients of the insula to different cerebral systems. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 44:790-800. [PMID: 36206289 PMCID: PMC9842882 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The diverse functional roles of the insula may emerge from its heavy connectivity to an extensive network of cortical and subcortical areas. Despite several previous attempts to investigate the hierarchical organization of the insula by applying the recently developed gradient approach to insula-to-whole brain connectivity data, little is known about whether and how there is variability across connectivity gradients of the insula to different cerebral systems. Resting-state functional MRI data from 793 healthy subjects were used to discover and validate functional connectivity gradients of the insula, which were computed based on its voxel-wise functional connectivity profiles to distinct cerebral systems. We identified three primary patterns of functional connectivity gradients of the insula to distinct cerebral systems. The connectivity gradients to the higher-order transmodal associative systems, including the prefrontal, posterior parietal, temporal cortices, and limbic lobule, showed a ventroanterior-dorsal axis across the insula; those to the lower-order unimodal primary systems, including the motor, somatosensory, and occipital cortices, displayed radiating transitions from dorsoanterior toward both ventroanterior and dorsoposterior parts of the insula; the connectivity gradient to the subcortical nuclei exhibited an organization along the anterior-posterior axis of the insula. Apart from complementing and extending previous literature on the heterogeneous connectivity patterns of insula subregions, the presented framework may offer ample opportunities to refine our understanding of the role of the insula in many brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Department of RadiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina,Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging, Anhui ProvinceHefeiChina,Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational MedicineHefeiChina
| | - Fan Mo
- Department of RadiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina,Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging, Anhui ProvinceHefeiChina,Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational MedicineHefeiChina
| | - Yuhao Shen
- Department of RadiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina,Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging, Anhui ProvinceHefeiChina,Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational MedicineHefeiChina
| | - Yu Song
- Department of RadiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina,Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging, Anhui ProvinceHefeiChina,Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational MedicineHefeiChina
| | - Huanhuan Cai
- Department of RadiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina,Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging, Anhui ProvinceHefeiChina,Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational MedicineHefeiChina
| | - Jiajia Zhu
- Department of RadiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina,Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging, Anhui ProvinceHefeiChina,Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational MedicineHefeiChina
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10
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Parsons N, Steward T, Clohesy R, Almgren H, Duehlmeyer L. A systematic review of resting-state functional connectivity in obesity: Refining current neurobiological frameworks and methodological considerations moving forward. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2022; 23:861-879. [PMID: 34159504 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-021-09665-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is the second most common cause of preventable morbidity worldwide. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has been used extensively to characterise altered communication between brain regions in individuals with obesity, though findings from this research have not yet been systematically evaluated within the context of prominent neurobiological frameworks. This systematic review aggregated resting-state fMRI findings in individuals with obesity and evaluated the contribution of these findings to current neurobiological models. Findings were considered in relation to a triadic model of problematic eating, outlining disrupted communication between reward, inhibitory, and homeostatic systems. We identified a pattern of consistently increased orbitofrontal and decreased insula cortex resting-state functional connectivity in individuals with obesity in comparison to healthy weight controls. BOLD signal amplitude was also increased in people with obesity across studies, predominantly confined to subcortical regions, including the hippocampus, amygdala, and putamen. We posit that altered orbitofrontal cortex connectivity may be indicative of a shift in the valuation of food-based rewards and that dysfunctional insula connectivity likely contributes to altered homeostatic signal processing. Homeostatic violation signals in obesity may be maintained despite satiety, thereby 'hijacking' the executive system and promoting further food intake. Moving forward, we provide a roadmap for more reliable resting-state and task-based functional connectivity experiments, which must be reconciled within a common framework if we are to uncover the interplay between psychological and biological factors within current theoretical frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Parsons
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Melbourne Burwood Campus, VIC, Australia
| | - Trevor Steward
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Rebecca Clohesy
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Melbourne Burwood Campus, VIC, Australia
| | - Hannes Almgren
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Data Analysis, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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11
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The outcome-representation learning model: impairments in decision-making in adolescents with excess weight. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03299-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Impairments in decision-making have been suggested as a predisposing factor to obesity development. Individuals with excess weight display riskier decisions than normal weight people. Furthermore, adolescence is a period of life in which risky behavior may increase. We aimed to investigate decision making applying the Outcome-Representation-Learning (ORL) model to the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) in adolescents with excess weight. Twenty-nine excess weight and twenty-eight normal weight adolescents, classified according to their age-adjusted body mass index (BMI) percentile, participated in the study. Decision-making was measured using the IGT. A Bayesian computational ORL model was applied to assess reward learning, punishment learning, forgetfulness, win perseverance and deck perseverance. The IGT net score was lower in excess weight than normal weight adolescents (β = 2.85; p < .027). Reward learning (95% HDI [0.011, 0.232]) was higher, while forgetfulness (95% HDI [− 0.711, − 0.181]) and deck perseverance (95% HDI [− 3.349, − 0.203]) were lower, in excess weight than normal weight adolescents. Excess weight adolescents seemed better at learning the most rewarding choices and showed a random strategy based on reward and novelty seeking. Consequently, excess weight adolescents made more disadvantageous selections, and performed worse in the IGT.
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12
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Peng-Li D, Alves Da Mota P, Correa CMC, Chan RCK, Byrne DV, Wang QJ. “Sound” Decisions: The Combined Role of Ambient Noise and Cognitive Regulation on the Neurophysiology of Food Cravings. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:827021. [PMID: 35250463 PMCID: PMC8888436 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.827021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Our ability to evaluate long-term goals over immediate rewards is manifested in the brain’s decision circuit. Simplistically, it can be divided into a fast, impulsive, reward “system 1” and a slow, deliberate, control “system 2.” In a noisy eating environment, our cognitive resources may get depleted, potentially leading to cognitive overload, emotional arousal, and consequently more rash decisions, such as unhealthy food choices. Here, we investigated the combined impact of cognitive regulation and ambient noise on food cravings through neurophysiological activity. Thirty-seven participants were recruited for an adapted version of the Regulation of Craving (ROC) task. All participants underwent two sessions of the ROC task; once with soft ambient restaurant noise (∼50 dB) and once with loud ambient restaurant noise (∼70 dB), while data from electroencephalography (EEG), electrodermal activity (EDA), and self-reported craving were collected for all palatable food images presented in the task. The results indicated that thinking about future (“later”) consequences vs. immediate (“now”) sensations associated with the food decreased cravings, which were mediated by frontal EEG alpha power. Likewise, “later” trials also increased frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA) —an index for emotional motivation. Furthermore, loud (vs. soft) noise increased alpha, beta, and theta activity, but for theta activity, this was solely occurring during “later” trials. Similarly, EDA signal peak probability was also higher during loud noise. Collectively, our findings suggest that the presence of loud ambient noise in conjunction with prospective thinking can lead to the highest emotional arousal and cognitive load as measured by EDA and EEG, respectively, both of which are important in regulating cravings and decisions. Thus, exploring the combined effects of interoceptive regulation and exteroceptive cues on food-related decision-making could be methodologically advantageous in consumer neuroscience and entail theoretical, commercial, and managerial implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danni Peng-Li
- Food Quality Perception and Society Team, iSENSE Lab, Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Sino-Danish College (SDC), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Danni Peng-Li,
| | - Patricia Alves Da Mota
- Food Quality Perception and Society Team, iSENSE Lab, Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Center for Music in the Brain, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Camile Maria Costa Correa
- Food Quality Perception and Society Team, iSENSE Lab, Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Raymond C. K. Chan
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Derek Victor Byrne
- Food Quality Perception and Society Team, iSENSE Lab, Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Sino-Danish College (SDC), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Janice Wang
- Food Quality Perception and Society Team, iSENSE Lab, Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Sino-Danish College (SDC), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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13
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Eating and nutrition links to cancer. Cancer 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-91904-3.00008-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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14
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Gabay A, London S, Yates KF, Convit A. Does obesity-associated insulin resistance affect brain structure and function of adolescents differentially by sex? Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2022; 319:111417. [PMID: 34875560 PMCID: PMC8809005 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2021.111417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic abnormalities affect the adolescent brain. For equivalent abnormalities in metabolism young people exhibit deficits in more cognitive domains than adults. We examine sex differences performance for adolescents with obesity/insulin resistance (IR) and evaluated how sex and IR effected frontal lobe structures and executive functioning. 125 adolescents underwent medical, cognitive, and brain-imaging assessments. Participants were categorized as insulin sensitive (IS) (QUICKI ≥ 0.350) or IR (QUICKI < 0.350). Degree of IR may affect brain and cognition differentially by sex. Females had positive associations between QUICKI and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) volume, medial orbito-frontal cortex (OFC) thickness, and scores on the Stroop and Digit Symbol Substitution (DSST) tests. Females with IR tended to have thinner insular cortices. No such associations were found in males. In female adolescents, IR may negatively affect brain structure and function. No such effects were found for males. Although needing more development, hormonal effects and inflammation are potential contributors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gabay
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Stephanie London
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America; Resident in Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Kathy F Yates
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America; Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, New York, Orangeburg, United States of America
| | - Antonio Convit
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America; Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America; Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America; Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, New York, Orangeburg, United States of America.
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15
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Iatridi V, Quadt L, Hayes JE, Garfinkel SN, Yeomans MR. Female sweet-likers have enhanced cross-modal interoceptive abilities. Appetite 2021; 165:105290. [PMID: 33965436 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
There are well known phenotypic differences in sweet-liking across individuals, but it remains unknown whether these are related to broader underlying differences in interoceptive abilities (abilities to sense the internal state of the body). Here, healthy women (N = 64) classified as sweet likers (SLs) or sweet dislikers (SDs) completed a bimodal interoception protocol. A heartbeat tracking and a heartbeat discrimination task determined cardiac interoception; both were accompanied by confidence ratings. A water load task, where participants consumed water to satiation and then to maximum fullness was used to assess gastric interoceptive abilities. Motivational state, psychometric characteristics and eating behaviour were also assessed. SLs performed significantly better than SDs on both heartbeat tasks, independently of impulsivity, anxiety, depression, and alexithymia. No differences in metacognitive awareness and subjective interoceptive measures were found. With gastric interoception, SLs were more sensitive to stomach distention, and they ingested less water than SDs to reach satiety when accounting for stomach capacity. SLs also scored higher on mindful and intuitive eating scales and on emotional eating particularly in response to negative stimuli; emotional overeating was fully mediated via interoceptive performance. Overall, our data suggest the SL phenotype may reflect enhanced responsiveness to internal cues more broadly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Iatridi
- Department of Sport, Health Sciences and Social Work, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, UK.
| | - Lisa Quadt
- Department of Neuroscience, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, UK; Sackler Centre for Consciousness Science, University of Sussex, UK; Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, UK.
| | - John E Hayes
- Sensory Evaluation Center, College of Agricultural Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, PA, United States; Department of Food Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, PA, United States.
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16
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Saruco E, Pleger B. A Systematic Review of Obesity and Binge Eating Associated Impairment of the Cognitive Inhibition System. Front Nutr 2021; 8:609012. [PMID: 33996871 PMCID: PMC8116510 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.609012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Altered functioning of the inhibition system and the resulting higher impulsivity are known to play a major role in overeating. Considering the great impact of disinhibited eating behavior on obesity onset and maintenance, this systematic review of the literature aims at identifying to what extent the brain inhibitory networks are impaired in individuals with obesity. It also aims at examining whether the presence of binge eating disorder leads to similar although steeper neural deterioration. We identified 12 studies that specifically assessed impulsivity during neuroimaging. We found a significant alteration of neural circuits primarily involving the frontal and limbic regions. Functional activity results show BMI-dependent hypoactivity of frontal regions during cognitive inhibition and either increased or decreased patterns of activity in several other brain regions, according to their respective role in inhibition processes. The presence of binge eating disorder results in further aggravation of those neural alterations. Connectivity results mainly report strengthened connectivity patterns across frontal, parietal, and limbic networks. Neuroimaging studies suggest significant impairment of various neural circuits involved in inhibition processes in individuals with obesity. The elaboration of accurate therapeutic neurocognitive interventions, however, requires further investigations, for a deeper identification and understanding of obesity-related alterations of the inhibition brain system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Saruco
- Department of Neurology, BG University Clinic Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Burkhard Pleger
- Department of Neurology, BG University Clinic Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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17
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Jorge H, Duarte IC, Correia BR, Barros L, Relvas AP, Castelo-Branco M. Successful metabolic control in diabetes type 1 depends on individual neuroeconomic and health risk-taking decision endophenotypes: a new target in personalized care. Psychol Med 2021; 52:1-9. [PMID: 33731230 PMCID: PMC9772909 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721000386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurobehavioral decision profiles have often been neglected in chronic diseases despite their direct impact on major public health issues such as treatment adherence. This remains a major concern in diabetes, despite intensive efforts and public awareness initiatives regarding its complications. We hypothesized that high rates of low adherence are related to risk-taking profiles associated with decision-making phenotypes. If this hypothesis is correct, it should be possible to define these endophenotypes independently based both on dynamic measures of metabolic control (HbA1C) and multidimensional behavioral profiles. METHODS In this study, 91 participants with early-stage type 1 diabetes fulfilled a battery of self-reported real-world risk behaviors and they performed an experimental task, the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART). RESULTS K-means and two-step cluster analysis suggest a two-cluster solution providing information of distinct decision profiles (concerning multiple domains of risk-taking behavior) which almost perfectly match the biological partition, based on the division between stable or improving metabolic control (MC, N = 49) v. unstably high or deteriorating states (NoMC, N = 42). This surprising dichotomy of behavioral phenotypes predicted by the dynamics of HbA1C was further corroborated by standard statistical testing. Finally, the BART game enabled to identify groups differences in feedback learning and consequent behavioral choices under ambiguity, showing distinct group choice behavioral patterns. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that distinct biobehavioral endophenotypes can be related to the success of metabolic control. These findings also have strong implications for programs to improve patient adherence, directly addressing risk-taking profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Jorge
- PIDFIF* and Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, CIBIT/ICNAS, University of Coimbra, Coimbra-Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Isabel C. Duarte
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, CIBIT/ICNAS, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Bárbara R. Correia
- Faculty of Medicine, Laboratory of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luísa Barros
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Department (SEMD), University and Hospital Center of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Paula Relvas
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences & Center for Social Studies, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Miguel Castelo-Branco
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, CIBIT/ICNAS, University of Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, Laboratory of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Coimbra, Portugal
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18
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Qian Z, Liu S, Zhu X, Kong L, Liu N, Wang D, Jiang C, Zhan Z, Yuan F. Higher Trait Impulsivity and Altered Frontostriatal Connectivity in Betel-Quid Dependent Individuals. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:578913. [PMID: 33192412 PMCID: PMC7658367 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.578913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Betel quid dependency (BQD) is characterized by functional and structural brain alterations. Trait impulsivity may influence substance dependence by impacting its neurobiological underpinnings in the frontostriatal circuit. However, little is known about the trait impulsivity and its neural correlates in individuals with BQD. Methods: Forty-eight participants with BQD and 22 normal controls (NCs) were recruited and scanned on a 3T MRI scanner. Barratt impulsiveness scale (BIS) was used to measure trait impulsivity: motor, attention, and no plan impulsivity. We used voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to assess the relationship between trait impulsivity and gray matter volumes. The relevant clusters identified were served as regions of interest (ROI) seeds. The whole-volume psycho-physiological interactions (PPI) analysis was used to investigate the changes of functional connectivity related to ROI seeds in the cue-reactivity task condition (BQ and control images). Results: Behaviorally, the BQD group showed significantly higher trait impulsivity including motor and no plan impulsivity than the NCs group. VBM analyses showed that motor impulsivity was negatively associated with gray matter volume of right caudate in the whole sample. No difference in gray matter volume between the two groups was observed. PPI analyses showed that there was a significantly decreased functional connectivity between the right caudate and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) when watching BQ related images than control images in individuals with BQD. Furthermore, functional connectivity between the right caudate and right DLPFC was negatively correlated with BQ dependency scores. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated the structural basis of trait impulsivity in the caudate and provided evidence for abnormal interactions within frontostriatal circuitsin individuals with BQD, which may provide insight into the selection of potential novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of BQ dependency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxin Qian
- Department of Emergency, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shaohui Liu
- Health Management Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xueling Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lingyu Kong
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Neng Liu
- Department of Nursing, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dongcui Wang
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Canhua Jiang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhongyuan Zhan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fulai Yuan
- Health Management Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Martínez-García C, Parra-Martínez C, Parra ÁT, Martínez-García TE, Alameda-Bailén JR. Iowa Gambling Task and Distortion in Perception of Body Image Among Adolescent Women With Eating Disorders. Front Psychol 2020; 11:2223. [PMID: 32982892 PMCID: PMC7488598 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Iowa gambling task (IGT) is an instrument for the neuropsychological evaluation of cognitive and emotional decision making (DM) processes that was created to test the somatic marker hypothesis (SMH) described by Damasio in 1994. It was initially applied to patients with frontal lobe lesions due to its association with executive functions but was subsequently used on patients with a variety of disorders. Although the DM process is inherently perceptual, few studies have applied the IGT to examine DM processes in patients with eating disorders (EDs), and even fewer have associated the IGT to the perceptual distortion of body image (PDBI) in this population. People diagnosed with ED exhibit heightened control over their somatic responses-for example, they can delay digestion for hours-and DM may be affected in this condition. This study compares the performance of two samples of adolescent women-hospitalized patients with ED, and healthy controls with similar demographic characteristics-on the IGT using body image as a possible factor in the SMH. Seventy-four women with a mean age of 14.97 years (SD = 2.347) participated. To analyze their body self-image, we used the figure-rating scale and compared the results with their body mass index (BMI). Correlations between indices of the IGT and distortion in body image were then explored. The results revealed significant differences between the groups in terms of evolving performance on the partial IGT. Patients with ED performed worse than their healthy counterparts in the last 40 trials and exhibited greater distortions in their body image, especially in terms of overestimation. Indices of these distortions were negatively correlated with the total IGT. These results are compatible with the SMH because they suggest that patients with ED evinced blindness with regard to the future, as described by their authors. In addition, a negative correlation was found between the IGT and PDBI, showing that a more distorted body image was associated with lower IGT, that is, more disadvantageous or riskier decisions were made by the subjects with more distortion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concha Martínez-García
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | - Cecilio Parra-Martínez
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Research Center for Natural Resources, Health and the Environment (RENSMA), University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | - Ángel T. Parra
- Department of Medicine, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
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Peng-Li D, Chan RCK, Byrne DV, Wang QJ. The Effects of Ethnically Congruent Music on Eye Movements and Food Choice-A Cross-Cultural Comparison between Danish and Chinese Consumers. Foods 2020; 9:E1109. [PMID: 32806790 PMCID: PMC7466238 DOI: 10.3390/foods9081109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Musical fit refers to the congruence between music and attributes of a food or product in context, which can prime consumer behavior through semantic networks in memory. The vast majority of research on this topic dealing with musical fit in a cultural context has thus far been limited to monocultural groups in field studies, where uncontrolled confounds can potentially influence the study outcome. To overcome these limitations, and in order to explore the effects of ethnically congruent music on visual attention and food choice across cultures, the present study recruited 199 participants from China (n = 98) and Denmark (n = 101) for an in-laboratory food choice paradigm with eye-tracking data collection. For each culture group, the study used a between-subject design with half of the participants listening to only instrumental "Eastern" music and the other half only listening to instrumental "Western" music, while both groups engaged in a food choice task involving "Eastern" and "Western" food. Chi-square tests revealed a clear ethnic congruency effect between music and food choice across culture, whereby Eastern (vs. Western) food was chosen more during the Eastern music condition, and Western (vs. Eastern) food was chosen more in the Western music condition. Furthermore, results from a generalized linear mixed model suggested that Chinese participants fixated more on Western (vs. Eastern) food when Western music was played, whereas Danish participants fixated more on Eastern (vs. Western) food when Eastern music was played. Interestingly, no such priming effects were found when participants listened to music from their own culture, suggesting that music-evoked visual attention may be culturally dependent. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that ambient music can have a significant impact on consumers' explicit and implicit behaviors, while at the same time highlighting the importance of culture-specific sensory marketing applications in the global food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danni Peng-Li
- Food Quality Perception and Society, iSENSE Lab, Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; (D.V.B.); (Q.J.W.)
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Raymond C. K. Chan
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Derek V. Byrne
- Food Quality Perception and Society, iSENSE Lab, Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; (D.V.B.); (Q.J.W.)
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qian Janice Wang
- Food Quality Perception and Society, iSENSE Lab, Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; (D.V.B.); (Q.J.W.)
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Beijing 100049, China
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21
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Kube J, Wiencke K, Hahn S, Villringer A, Neumann J. Enhanced Go and NoGo Learning in Individuals With Obesity. Front Behav Neurosci 2020; 14:15. [PMID: 32116595 PMCID: PMC7033453 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2020.00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Overeating in individuals with obesity is hypothesized to be partly caused by automatic action tendencies to food cues that have the potential to override goal-directed dietary restriction. Individuals with obesity are often characterized by alterations in the processing of such rewarding food, but also of non-food stimuli, and previous research has suggested a stronger impact on the execution of goal-directed actions in obesity. Here, we investigated whether Pavlovian cues can also corrupt the learning of new approach or withdrawal behavior in individuals with obesity. We employed a probabilistic Pavlovian-instrumental learning paradigm in which participants (29 normal-weight and 29 obese) learned to actively respond (Go learning) or withhold a response (NoGo learning) in order to gain monetary rewards or avoid losses. Participants were better at learning active approach responses (Go) in the light of anticipated rewards and at learning to withhold a response (NoGo) in the light of imminent punishments. Importantly, there was no evidence for a stronger corruption of instrumental learning in individuals with obesity. Instead, they showed better learning across conditions than normal-weight participants. Using a computational reinforcement learning model, we additionally found an increased learning rate in individuals with obesity. Previous studies have mostly reported a lower reinforcement learning performance in individuals with obesity. Our results contradict this and suggest that their performance is not universally impaired: Instead, while previous studies found reduced stimulus-value learning, individuals with obesity may show better action-value learning. Our findings highlight the need for a broader investigation of behavioral adaptation in obesity across different task designs and types of reinforcement learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Kube
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,Leipzig University Medical Center, IFB Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig, Germany.,Faculty 5-Business, Law and Social Sciences, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Cottbus, Germany
| | - Kathleen Wiencke
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,Leipzig University Medical Center, IFB Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sandra Hahn
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Arno Villringer
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,Leipzig University Medical Center, IFB Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig, Germany.,Clinic of Cognitive Neurology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Mind and Brain Institute, Humboldt-University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jane Neumann
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,Leipzig University Medical Center, IFB Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Medical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences, Jena, Germany
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22
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Hardee JE, Phaneuf C, Cope L, Zucker R, Gearhardt A, Heitzeg M. Neural correlates of inhibitory control in youth with symptoms of food addiction. Appetite 2020; 148:104578. [PMID: 31904390 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2019.104578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Prior research has found that food addiction is associated with reward-related neural differences, but research has yet to examine whether there are also neural differences in inhibitory control. This may be particularly relevant during adolescence as it is a key developmental period where difficulties in inhibitory control are more prevalent. The Yale Food Addiction Scale is a self-report questionnaire that applies substance use disorder diagnostic criteria to certain foods that has also been adapted for children. Here we investigate the association between addictive-like eating and brain functioning during inhibitory control in youth. Seventy-six right-handed participants 8.2-17.8 years (44 male) were recruited. Participants performed a go/no-go task during functional magnetic resonance imaging and completed the Yale Food Addiction Scale for Children, after which they were categorized into two groups according to their scores (No Symptom Group = 0; YFAS-C Group: score ≥ 1). Inhibitory control was probed with a contrast of correct no-go versus go trials. An independent-samples t-test comparing groups revealed a significant difference in three primary clusters, all exclusively in the left hemisphere (No Symptom Group > YFAS-C Group): middle temporal gyrus/occipital gyrus, precuneus/calcarine sulcus, and inferior frontal gyrus. Specifically, the YFAS-C Group showed deactivation in all three clusters. Adolescents who endorse food addiction appear to show hypo-activation in response to the inhibitory control portion of a go/no-go task, which suggests possible inhibitory control difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian E Hardee
- University of Michigan, Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Center, 4250 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Camille Phaneuf
- University of Michigan, Department of Psychology, 530 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Lora Cope
- University of Michigan, Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Center, 4250 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Robert Zucker
- University of Michigan, Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Center, 4250 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Ashley Gearhardt
- University of Michigan, Department of Psychology, 530 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Mary Heitzeg
- University of Michigan, Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Center, 4250 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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23
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Liu X, Li J, Turel O, Chen R, He Q. Food-Specific Inhibitory Control Mediates the Effect of Disgust Sensitivity on Body Mass Index. Front Psychol 2019; 10:2391. [PMID: 31695662 PMCID: PMC6817461 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Disgust is an emotion that drives food avoidance. People vary in their responses to disgust, which is captured by their disgust sensitivity. Disgust sensitivity is clinically significant because it can influence eating behaviors, and indirectly people's body mass index (BMI). Inhibitory control can also influence BMI through the role that such reflective abilities play in governing food intake. In this study, we relied on neural models of disgust to suggest that disgust and inhibitory control are intertwined, and that inhibitory control facilitates the translation of disgust sensitivity into BMI. Mediation analyses applied to 46 subjects, including 29 normal body weight [BMI = 18.34 kg/m2 (SD = 1.58)] and 17 overweight/obese [BMI = 26.03 kg/m2 (SD = 2.58)] subjects, were used to test the hypothesis. Subjects completed the Chinese version of the Disgust Scale-Revised, and an inhibition control test (Food-Specific Stop-Signal Task). There were negative correlations between the disgust sensitivity score (DS) and body mass index (BMI), and between DS and stop-signal reaction time (SSRT). Moreover, BMI was positively correlated with SSRT. The mediation model results showed that disgust sensitivity was associated with BMI and that this relationship was mediated via inhibition control. There was no significant effect of DS on BMI, while the effect of SSRT on BMI was significant. This suggested that the effect of disgust sensitivity on BMI was fully mediated through food-specific inhibitory control. This supports our hypothesis that BMI is affected by disgust sensitivity and that this relationship is mediated by inhibition control. These findings reveal a key mechanism that underlies disgust sensitivity-BMI association and point to future research and potential interventions aimed at food intake management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Liu
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ji Li
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ofir Turel
- Information Systems and Decision Sciences, California State University, Fullerton, CA, United States
| | - Rui Chen
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qinghua He
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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24
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Olivo G, Zhukovsky C, Salonen-Ros H, Larsson EM, Brooks S, Schiöth HB. Functional connectivity underlying hedonic response to food in female adolescents with atypical AN: the role of somatosensory and salience networks. Transl Psychiatry 2019; 9:276. [PMID: 31699967 PMCID: PMC6838122 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-019-0617-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Atypical anorexia nervosa (AN) usually occurs during adolescence. Patients are often in the normal-weight range at diagnosis; however, they often present with signs of medical complications and severe restraint over eating, body dissatisfaction, and low self-esteem. We investigated functional circuitry underlying the hedonic response in 28 female adolescent patients diagnosed with atypical AN and 33 healthy controls. Participants were shown images of food with high (HC) or low (LC) caloric content in alternating blocks during functional MRI. The HC > LC contrast was calculated. Based on the previous literature on full-threshold AN, we hypothesized that patients would exhibit increased connectivity in areas involved in sensory processing and bottom-up responses, coupled to increased connectivity from areas related to top-down inhibitory control, compared with controls. Patients showed increased connectivity in pathways related to multimodal somatosensory processing and memory retrieval. The connectivity was on the other hand decreased in patients in salience and attentional networks, and in a wide cerebello-occipital network. Our study was the first investigation of food-related neural response in atypical AN. Our findings support higher somatosensory processing in patients in response to HC food images compared with controls, however HC food was less efficient than LC food in engaging patients' bottom-up salient responses, and was not associated with connectivity increases in inhibitory control regions. These findings suggest that the psychopathological mechanisms underlying food restriction in atypical AN differ from full-threshold AN. Elucidating the mechanisms underlying the development and maintenance of eating behavior in atypical AN might help designing specific treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Olivo
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Christina Zhukovsky
- 0000 0004 1936 9457grid.8993.bDepartment of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Helena Salonen-Ros
- 0000 0004 1936 9457grid.8993.bDepartment of Neuroscience, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elna-Marie Larsson
- 0000 0004 1936 9457grid.8993.bDepartment of Surgical Sciences, Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Samantha Brooks
- 0000 0004 1936 9457grid.8993.bDepartment of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden ,0000 0004 1937 1151grid.7836.aDepartment of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa ,School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Research Centre for Brain & Behaviour, Byrom Street, Liverpool, UK
| | - Helgi B. Schiöth
- 0000 0004 1936 9457grid.8993.bDepartment of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden ,0000 0001 2288 8774grid.448878.fInstitute for Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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25
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Russell SJ, Croker H, Viner RM. The effect of screen advertising on children's dietary intake: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev 2019; 20:554-568. [PMID: 30576057 PMCID: PMC6446725 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Evidence indicates that screen advertising for unhealthy food results in significant increases in dietary intake among children. This review was undertaken with the main aim of estimating the quantitative effect of screen advertising in experimental and nonexperimental conditions on children's dietary intake. Systematic searches were undertaken of interdisciplinary databases. Studies from 1980 to April 2018, all geography and languages, were included; participants were children and adolescents aged between 2 and 18 years; the intervention was screen advertising; and the outcome was dietary intake. Meta-analyses were conducted for measured and nonmeasured outcomes. Food advertising was found to increase dietary intake among children (age range 2-14, mean 8.8 years) in experimental conditions for television (TV) advertising and advergames. Meta-analysis revealed that children exposed to food advertising on TV (11 studies) and advergames (five studies) respectively consumed an average 60.0 kcal (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.1-116.9) and 53.2 kcal (95% CI, 31.5-74.9) more than children exposed to nonfood advertising. There was also an effect by body mass index (BMI). Findings from nonexperimental studies revealed that exposure to TV food advertising was positively associated with and predictive of dietary intake in children. Short-term exposure to unhealthy food advertising on TV and advergames increases immediate calorie consumption in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon J Russell
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Helen Croker
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Russell M Viner
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
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26
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Davidson TL, Jones S, Roy M, Stevenson RJ. The Cognitive Control of Eating and Body Weight: It's More Than What You "Think". Front Psychol 2019; 10:62. [PMID: 30814963 PMCID: PMC6381074 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, a great deal of research has established the importance of cognitive processes in the control of energy intake and body weight. The present paper begins by identifying several of these cognitive processes. We then summarize evidence from human and nonhuman animal models, which shows how excess intake of obesity-promoting Western diet (WD) may have deleterious effects on these cognitive control processes. Findings that these effects may be manifested as early-life deficits in cognitive functioning and may also be associated with the emergence of serious late-life cognitive impairment are described. Consistent with these possibilities, we review evidence, obtained primarily from rodent models, that consuming a WD is associated with the emergence of pathophysiologies in the hippocampus, an important brain substrate for learning, memory, and cognition. The implications of this research for mechanism are discussed within the context of a “vicious-cycle model,” which describes how eating a WD could impair hippocampal function, producing cognitive deficits that promote increased WD intake and body weight gain, which could contribute to further hippocampal dysfunction, cognitive decline, and excess eating and weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry L Davidson
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, American University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Sabrina Jones
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, American University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Megan Roy
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, American University, Washington, DC, United States
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27
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Turel O, Bechara A. Little video-gaming in adolescents can be protective, but too much is associated with increased substance use. Subst Use Misuse 2019; 54:384-395. [PMID: 30654698 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2018.1496455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have demonstrated inconsistent results regarding the association between video gaming time and substance use in teenagers. Understating intricacies of this association can help with substance use reduction in teenagers. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to untangle this complex relationship by theorizing and examining a U-shaped association. METHODS We analyzed two large samples (n1 = 7313 [52.5% female] and n2 = 8079 [51.6% female]) of 8th and 10th graders in the United States. Substance use was operationalized as the sum of self-reported number of lifetime use instances of 14 unprescribed substances. Video game use time (hours per week) was self-reported on a 1 (none) to 9 (40+) scale. Common covariates/risk factors were included. RESULTS Consistently across datasets, partial-correlation between squared video gaming time and substance use (r = .10, p < .001 in 2014 and r = .08, p < .001 in 2015) supported the hypothesized u-shaped association. Analysis of covariance revealed that teenagers playing video games for 1-5 h a week report on significantly fewer instances of substance use compared with non-gamers (p < .001-.007). Post hoc analyses revealed that those who play at least 30 h per week report on significantly (p < .001) more instances of substance use (3.92 in 2014 and 3.38 in 2015) compared with teenagers playing video games for 1-5 h a week (2.17 in 2015 and 1.96 in 2015). CONCLUSIONS Video gaming time and substance use follow a u-shaped association; light video gaming can be protective in terms of substance use, while too much video gaming is associated with increased substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofir Turel
- a Brain and Creativity Institute and Department of Psychology , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California , USA.,b Department of Information Systems and Decision Sciences , College of Business and Economics, California State University , Fullerton , California , USA
| | - Antoine Bechara
- a Brain and Creativity Institute and Department of Psychology , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California , USA
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