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Ntlantsana V, Chhagan U, Karim E, Paruk S, Tomita A, Chiliza B. A culturally congruent approach to trauma symptoms detection in first-episode psychosis. S Afr J Psychiatr 2024; 30:2260. [PMID: 39363940 PMCID: PMC11447569 DOI: 10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v30i0.2260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024] Open
Abstract
No abstract available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vuyokazi Ntlantsana
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Usha Chhagan
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Enver Karim
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Saeeda Paruk
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Andrew Tomita
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Centre for Rural Health, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Bonginkosi Chiliza
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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2
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Aunjitsakul W, Jongbowonwiwat K, Lambe S, Freeman D, McLeod HJ, Gumley A. Exploring stigma, shame, and safety behaviours in social anxiety and paranoia amongst people diagnosed with schizophrenia. Behav Cogn Psychother 2024:1-15. [PMID: 39205504 DOI: 10.1017/s1352465824000225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social anxiety and paranoia are connected by a shared suspicion framework. Based on cognitive-behavioural approaches, there is evidence for treating social anxiety and psychosis. However, mechanisms underlying the relationship between social anxiety and paranoia remain unclear. AIMS To investigate mediators between social anxiety and paranoia in schizophrenia such as negative social appraisals (i.e. stigma or shame; Hypothesis 1), and safety behaviours (i.e. anxious avoidance or in situ safety behaviours; Hypothesis 2). METHOD A cross-sectional study was conducted among Asian out-patients with schizophrenia (January-April 2020). Data on social anxiety, paranoia, depression, shame, stigma, anxious avoidance, and in situ behaviours were collected. Associations between social anxiety and paranoia were investigated using linear regressions. Mediation analysis via 10,000 bias-corrected bootstrap samples with 95% confidence intervals (CI) was used to test the indirect effects (ab) of mediators. RESULTS Participants (n=113, 59.3% male) with a mean age of 44.2 years were recruited. A linear relationship between social anxiety and paranoia was found. In multiple mediation analyses (co-varying for depression), stigma and shame (Hypothesis 1) did not show any significant indirect effects with ab=.004 (95%CI=-.013, .031) and -.003 (-.023, .017), respectively, whereas in situ behaviours (Hypothesis 2) showed a significant effect with ab=.110 (.038, .201) through the social anxiety-paranoia relationship. CONCLUSIONS Social anxiety and paranoia are positively correlated. In situ safety behaviours fully mediated the social anxiety and paranoia relationship. Targeted interventions focusing on safety behaviours could help reduce paranoia in psychosis. Symptom severity should be measured to help characterise the participants' characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warut Aunjitsakul
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kreuwan Jongbowonwiwat
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Sinead Lambe
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Daniel Freeman
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Hamish J McLeod
- School of Health and Wellbeing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Andrew Gumley
- School of Health and Wellbeing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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3
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Depauw H, Van Hiel A, Talal H, Dierckx K, Geenen F, Valcke B, De Clercq B. The development of the Broaching Assessment Scale: A client-rated measure of therapists' broaching behaviour in clinical counselling. Psychother Res 2024:1-17. [PMID: 38266654 DOI: 10.1080/10503307.2024.2301948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: Addressing ethnic-cultural topics during the process of psychotherapy, i.e. broaching, is considered highly important for ethnic minority clients who consult mental health care services. Surprisingly little is known, however, about clients' perception of a therapist's broaching qualities, and how clients' mental construction of broaching translates into behavioural broaching acts a therapist may display. Method: Based on previous work and nine in-depth interviews with ethnic minority clients, a client-rated measure of therapists' broaching behaviour was developed and psychometrically evaluated in two samples. Sample 1 (N = 252 UK ethnic minority clients) was used to empirically delineate the factor structure of an initial item set. Participants were then resolicited to complete a revised item pool. Results: The empirical structure resulted in a final 25-item broaching instrument with five subscales probing into therapists' broaching behaviour. This Broaching Assessment Scale (BrAS) was validated in Sample 2 (N = 239 US ethnic minority clients). Strict measurement invariance of the factor structure was observed across the two samples and distinctive correlational patterns with therapeutic process measures were found. Conclusion: The BrAS provides new insights on how sensitivity to ethnic-cultural topics can be targeted along its concrete features, and is a promising tool for conceptualizing culturally sensitive mental healthcare assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilde Depauw
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alain Van Hiel
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hafsa Talal
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kim Dierckx
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Fien Geenen
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Faculty of Political and Social Sciences, Department of Sociology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Barbara Valcke
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Barbara De Clercq
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Izydorczyk B, Głomb K, Bętkowska-Korpała B, Yablonska T, Bulatevych N, Opałka R, Lizińczyk S, Sitnik-Warchulska K, Radtke BM, Sajewicz-Radtke U, Lipowska M. Internalization of athletic body ideal as a mediating variable between family influence and body image of young women. A cross-cultural study of polish, Italian, and Ukrainian women. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1136079. [PMID: 37032927 PMCID: PMC10076874 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1136079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Our aim was to analyze the strength of the family's influence on the internalization of the ideal of an athletic figure and, consequently, on the multifactorial image of the body, from the perspective of intercultural differences. Methods A total of 488 healthy women aged 19-26; of Polish (154), Ukrainian (228), and Italian (106) took part in the study. The Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire (SATAQ-4) and the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ 69) were used to measure athletic ideal internalization and family pressure. The body image of Ukrainian, Polish, and Italian women depends both on the degree of internalization the ideal of an athletic figure and influence of the family. Results and Discussion The research also suggests significant differences between the three populations, which may suggest cultural differences between young women living in Eastern, Central, and South European countries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kaja Głomb
- Institute of Applied Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Tetiana Yablonska
- Faculty of Psychology, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Nataliya Bulatevych
- Faculty of Psychology, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Renata Opałka
- Institute of Applied Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | | | | | | | | | - Małgorzata Lipowska
- Institute of Applied Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
- Institute of Psychology, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- *Correspondence: Małgorzata Lipowska,
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5
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Murillo Gutiérrez LC, Quemba Mesa MP, Vargas Rodríguez LY, Florez Escobar IC, Contreras Briceño JI. Epidemiological behavior of suicide attempt in Colombian adolescents years 2016-2019: An ecological study. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem 2022; 30:e3807. [PMID: 36449926 PMCID: PMC9695283 DOI: 10.1590/1518-8345.6240.3807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE characterize the behavior of attempted suicide in adolescents in Colombia, and its associated epidemiological factors from 2016 to 2019. METHOD quantitative, observational, descriptive, and ecological study. The sample was extracted from the database of the Integrated Social Protection Information System, by identifying cases of attempted suicide for ages in the range from 12 to 17 years old, calculated for a prevalence estimate based on a total population of 32,076. Univariate and bivariate analysis of the variables of interest was performed. RESULTS suicide attempts occurred more frequently in females (n: 24,619; 76.7%), of subsidized regime (n: 17,960; 56%); and being in psychiatric centers is the most frequent vulnerability condition (n: 676; 2.11%). Living in the capital city is a risk factor for attempted suicide (OR: 1.423; 95% CI: 1.385 to 1.462), while being male is a protective factor (OR: 0.290; 95% CI: 0.283 a 0.298). CONCLUSION suicide attempts are a subject of interest in Public Health due to their prevalence and impact on the family and social environment. The Nursing professional is competent in the identification, treatment, and prevention of this phenomenon. HIGHLIGHTS (1) Know the epidemiological behavior of suicide attempt in adolescents.(2) Reflect on nursing care in the approach to suicide attempts.(3) Identify the conditions of vulnerability related to suicide attempts.(4) The methodological design allows reviewing the problem at national level.
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6
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Kotera Y, Asano K, Kotera H, Ohshima R, Rushforth A. Mental Health of Japanese Workers: Amotivation Mediates Self-Compassion on Mental Health Problems. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191710497. [PMID: 36078213 PMCID: PMC9517843 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Workplace mental health is a cause for concern in many countries. Globally, 78% of the workforce experienced impairment of their mental health in 2020. In Japan, more than half of employees are mentally distressed. Previously, research has identified that self-compassion (i.e., being kind and understanding towards oneself) and work motivation were important to their mental health. However, how these three components relate to each other remains to be elucidated. Accordingly, this study aimed to examine the relationship between mental health problems, self-compassion and work motivation (i.e., intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation and amotivation). A cross-sectional design was employed, where 165 Japanese workers completed self-report scales regarding those three components. A correlation and path analyses were conducted. Mental health problems were positively associated with amotivation and negatively associated with age and self-compassion. While intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation did not mediate the impact of self-compassion on mental health problems, amotivation did. The findings can help managers and organizational psychologists help identify effective approaches to improving work mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Kotera
- School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Kenichi Asano
- Department of Psychological Counseling, Faculty of Psychology, Mejiro University, Tokyo 161-0032, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Kotera
- Department Linguistics, University of Potsdam, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Remi Ohshima
- Department of Psychological Counseling, Faculty of Psychology, Mejiro University, Tokyo 161-0032, Japan
| | - Annabel Rushforth
- College of Health, Psychology and Social Care, University of Derby, Derby DE22 1GB, UK
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Singh SP. Sakshi and Dhyana: the origin of mindfulness-based therapies. BJPsych Bull 2022; 47:94-97. [PMID: 35796539 PMCID: PMC10063990 DOI: 10.1192/bjb.2022.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mindfulness-based therapies (MBTs) have shown promising results in non-psychotic disorders. Unlike most other psychotherapy models, which are claimed to be Western in origin, MBTs are firmly based in Indian philosophy and traditions. This paper summarises the concepts of the observer self (sakshi) and attention (dhyana) that underlie the principles and practice of MBT, correcting some erroneous assumptions in the process. It is argued that better understanding of these concepts is beneficial not just for specialist psychotherapists, but for all clinicians interested in the craft of healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swaran P Singh
- Warwick Medical School, Coventry, UK; University of Warwick, Coventry, UK; Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Partnership Trust, Coventry, UK
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8
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Homan S, Gabi M, Klee N, Bachmann S, Moser AM, Duri' M, Michel S, Bertram AM, Maatz A, Seiler G, Stark E, Kleim B. Linguistic features of suicidal thoughts and behaviors: A systematic review. Clin Psychol Rev 2022; 95:102161. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2022.102161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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9
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Renaud J, MacNeil SL, Vijayakumar L, Spodenkiewicz M, Daniels S, Brent DA, Turecki G. Suicidal ideation and behavior in youth in low- and middle-income countries: A brief review of risk factors and implications for prevention. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1044354. [PMID: 36561636 PMCID: PMC9763724 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1044354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although global rates of suicide have dropped in the last 30 years, youth in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) continue to be highly represented in suicide statistics yet underrepresented in research. In this review we present the epidemiology of suicide, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts among youth in LMICs. We also describe population-level (attitudes toward suicide, socioeconomic, and societal factors) and individual-level clinical and psychosocial risk factors, highlighting specific considerations pertaining to youth in LMICs. These specific considerations in risk factors within this population can inform how multi-level prevention strategies may be targeted to meet their specific needs. Prevention and intervention strategies relying on the stepped-care framework focusing on population-, community-, and individual level targets while considering locally- and culturally relevant practices are key in LMICs. In addition, systemic approaches favoring school-based and family-based interventions are important among youth. Cross-culturally adapted multimodal prevention strategies targeting the heterogeneity that exists in healthcare systems, suicide rates, and risk factors in these countries should be accorded a high priority to reduce the burden of suicide among youth in LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanne Renaud
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | | | - Michel Spodenkiewicz
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Pôle de Santé Mentale, CIC-EC 1410, Université et CHU de La Réunion Sainte-Pierre, Saint-Pierre, France.,INSERM UMR-1178 Moods Team CESP Le Kremlin-Bicêtre France, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Sylvanne Daniels
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - David A Brent
- Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Gustavo Turecki
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
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10
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Adjorlolo S, Setordzi M. Psychosis in adolescents in Africa: A scoping review for current understanding and future directions. COGENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/23311908.2021.1949173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Adjorlolo
- Department of Mental Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
- Research and Grant Institute of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
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11
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayantanava Mitra
- Mental Health Program, Monash Health, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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12
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Experimental Psychopathology at the Crossroads: Reflections on Past, Present, and Future Contributions to Cognitive Behavioural Therapy. Int J Cogn Ther 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s41811-020-00093-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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13
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de la Torre-Luque A, Ojagbemi A, Caballero FF, Lara E, Moreno-Agostino D, Bello T, Olaya B, Haro JM, Gureje O, Ayuso-Mateos JL. Cross-cultural comparison of symptom networks in late-life major depressive disorder: Yoruba Africans and the Spanish Population. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2020; 35:1060-1068. [PMID: 32394534 DOI: 10.1002/gps.5329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The concept of European psychologisation of depression versus somatisation in non-European populations has been the basis of several studies of cultural psychopathology in the general population. Little is currently known about cross-cultural differences and similarities in late-life depression symptom reporting. We cross-culturally compared symptom reporting in the context of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) among community-dwelling older adults from Spain and Nigeria. METHODS We relied on data from two household multistage probability samples comprising 3,715 persons aged 65 years or older in the Spanish and Nigerian populations. All participants underwent assessments for MDD using the World Mental Health Survey version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Cross-cultural comparison of broad somatic and psychological categories as well as relationship and influence of individual symptoms were analysed using the Symptom Network Analysis approach. RESULTS Current MDD was diagnosed in 232 and 195 older persons from Spain and Nigeria, respectively. The symptom network of the two samples were invariant in terms of global strength, S(GSPAIN , GNIGERIA ) = 7.56, P = .06, with psychological and somatic symptoms demonstrating centrality in both countries. However, country-specific relationships and influence of individual symptoms were found in the network structure of both samples, M(GSPAIN , GNIGERIA ) = 2.95, P < .01. CONCLUSION Broad somatic and psychological symptoms categories contributed to the structural network of older Africans and their peers from the Spanish population. Variations in the relationship and influence of individual symptoms suggests that the functional and "communicative" role of individual symptoms may be differentiated by context specific imperatives. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:-, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro de la Torre-Luque
- Department of Legal Medicine, Psychiatry and Pathology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS Princesa), Madrid, Spain
| | - Akin Ojagbemi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Francisco F Caballero
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Public Health, and Microbiology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Elvira Lara
- Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS Princesa), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Toyin Bello
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Mental Health, Neurosciences and Substance Abuse, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Beatriz Olaya
- Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.,Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep M Haro
- Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.,Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oye Gureje
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Mental Health, Neurosciences and Substance Abuse, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Jose L Ayuso-Mateos
- Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS Princesa), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review highlights what current research says about how local beliefs and norms can facilitate expansion of mental healthcare to meet the large unmet need for services in Africa. RECENT FINDINGS In contemporary Africa, religious beliefs exert important influences on mental health as well as the way people with mental illnesses are viewed and cared for. Mental healthcare practices based on traditional and other religious beliefs, and offered by complementary and alternative health providers (CAPs), reflect the people's culture and are often preferentially sought by a majority of the population. Despite important differences in the worldviews of CAPs and biomedical mental healthcare practitioners in regard to causal explanations, there are nevertheless overlaps in the approaches of both sectors to the management of mental health conditions. These overlaps may provide a platform for collaboration and facilitate the scaling-up of evidence-based mental health services to underserved African populations, especially those residing in ever-expanding urban centres. SUMMARY Faith-based mental healthcare is an important but informal component of the mental health system in much of Africa. Collaboration between its practitioners and biomedical practice may help to bridge the large treatment gap for mental health conditions on the continent.
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15
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Choudhary S, Gupta R. Culture and Borderline Personality Disorder in India. Front Psychol 2020; 11:714. [PMID: 32373034 PMCID: PMC7186391 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The present paper discusses how cultural context can be used as an essential tool in the diagnosis of mental disorders as well as in segregating individuals with normal or abnormal personality functioning. Further, such information about the culture can be used to diagnose individuals specifically with borderline personality disorder (BPD). BPD is a mental illness marked by impulsivity and instability in interpersonal relationships, moods, and self-image. We discuss how culture shapes patterns of behavior in the individual with BPD. An extensive review of manifestation of BPD in eastern countries suggests that culture and social norms are the two crucial factors, which can differentiate normal and abnormal behavioral patterns in BPD. For example, the social norms shape and give directions to our interpersonal functioning, emotions are experienced within the cultural context and expressed accordingly, and self is a reflection and representation of one’s culture. Hence, these constructs of BPD (such as interpersonal functioning, emotions, and self) indicate that they are experienced differently in different cultures and vary on the continuum of normal to abnormal personality functioning. The cultural manifestation of BPD helps to understand the specific profile of the three constructs of BPD in an eastern culture like India. A synthesis of studies on prevalence, development, and symptom presentation of BPD in the Indian context is emphasized to support the personality functioning within the constructs of BPD. The literature review indicates that BPD research in India is based only on a few cases and a tiny sample of such patients. However, studies on BPD in the cultural context are minimal and incomprehensive. Hence, it suggests the importance of more empirical studies concerning the appropriate diagnosis of BPD within the cultural context of India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Choudhary
- Shaheed Rajguru College of Applied Sciences for Women, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Rashmi Gupta
- Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai, India
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16
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Abstract
An important advance in understanding and defining mental disorders has been the development of empirical approaches to mapping dimensions of dysfunction and their interrelatedness. Such empirical approaches have consistently observed intercorrelations among the many forms of psychopathology, leading to the identification of a general factor of psychopathology (the p factor). In this article, we review empirical support for p, including evidence for the stability and criterion validity of p. Further, we discuss the strong relationship between p and both the general factor of personality and the general factor of personality disorder, substantive interpretations of p, and the potential clinical utility of p. We posit that proposed substantive interpretations of p do not explain the full range of symptomatology typically included in p. The most plausible explanation is that p represents an index of impairment that has the potential to inform the duration and intensity of a client's mental health treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory T Smith
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA; , , , ,
| | - Emily A Atkinson
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA; , , , ,
| | - Heather A Davis
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA; , , , ,
| | - Elizabeth N Riley
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA; , , , ,
| | - Joshua R Oltmanns
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA; , , , ,
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17
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Fonzi L, Picardi A, Monaco V, Buonarroti M, Prevete E, Biondi M, Pallagrosi M. Clinician's Subjective Experience in the Cross-Cultural Psychiatric Encounter. Psychopathology 2020; 53:282-290. [PMID: 32882691 DOI: 10.1159/000509489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The clinical encounter is still at the core of the psychiatric evaluation. Since the diagnostic process remains basically clinical in nature, several authors have addressed the complexity of the clinical reasoning process and highlighted the role played by intersubjective phenomena and clinician's feelings. Some recent studies have supported the view of a significant link between the clinician's subjective experience during the assessment and the diagnosis made. In a globalized world, this issue requires a careful reflection, since cultural differences may affect the intersubjective atmosphere of the encounter, which may indirectly influence the clinician's thinking. METHODS We used a previously validated instrument, named Assessment of Clinician's Subjective Experience (ACSE), to compare the clinician's subjective experience during the evaluation of Italian patients with the subjective experience of the same clinician during the assessment of foreign patients. The 2 patient groups (n = 42 each) were individually matched for known potential confounders (age, sex, categorical diagnosis, and clinical severity). RESULTS We found no significant differences in mean scores on all ACSE dimensions (tension, difficulty in attune-ment, engagement, disconfirmation, and impotence), which suggests that cultural diversity did not substantially affect the clinician's subjective experience. However, the lack of information about the native country and linguistic proficiency of about a quarter of foreign patients may have limited the possibility to detect subtle or specific differences, especially with regard to the clinician's empathic attunement. CONCLUSIONS Although further investigation is needed, our preliminary findings may have significant implications for the reflection upon the clinician's empathic experience as well as pragmatic consequences for the act of psychiatric diagnosis in the cross-cultural encounter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Fonzi
- Training Institute, Italian Psychoanalytic Society, Rome, Italy,
| | - Angelo Picardi
- Centre for Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Monaco
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Buonarroti
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabeth Prevete
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Biondi
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Pallagrosi
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Rome, Italy
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Adjorlolo S. Generalised anxiety disorder in adolescents in Ghana: Examination of the psychometric properties of the Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7 scale. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.4102/ajopa.v1i0.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) is a self-report scale used to assess general anxiety symptoms. Although the GAD-7 has been found to be a valid scale among adults, studies examining its psychometric properties among adolescents in high-income countries are notably limited and particularly non-existent in low- and middle-income countries. The current study addresses this lacuna by investigating the factorial validity, construct validity, internal consistency and discriminant accuracy of the GAD-7. Data were collected from 553 adolescents (boys = 231; average age = 16.85) recruited from a senior high school in Ghana, a sub-Saharan African country, using cross-sectional self-report methodology. The result supports a unidimensional structure of the GAD-7 that was invariant across gender. The GAD-7 correlates significantly with measures of anxiety, suicidal tendencies and mental well-being, suggesting construct validity. The internal consistency of the GAD-7, based on the mean inter-item correlation value of 0.24 and Cronbach’s a = 0.69, is adequate. The GAD-7 similarly discriminated between individuals at high risk of suicidal tendencies and depression from those with low or no risk, with area under curve values of 0.71 and 0.70, respectively. The GAD-7 is a reliable and valid measure to screen for generalised anxiety disorder among adolescents in Ghana.
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