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Michel L, Molina P, Mameli M. The behavioral relevance of a modular organization in the lateral habenula. Neuron 2024:S0896-6273(24)00287-3. [PMID: 38772374 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2024.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Behavioral strategies for survival rely on the updates the brain continuously makes based on the surrounding environment. External stimuli-neutral, positive, and negative-relay core information to the brain, where a complex anatomical network rapidly organizes actions, including approach or escape, and regulates emotions. Human neuroimaging and physiology in nonhuman primates, rodents, and teleosts suggest a pivotal role of the lateral habenula in translating external information into survival behaviors. Here, we review the literature describing how discrete habenular modules-reflecting the molecular signatures, anatomical connectivity, and functional components-are recruited by environmental stimuli and cooperate to prompt specific behavioral outcomes. We argue that integration of these findings in the context of valence processing for reinforcing or discouraging behaviors is necessary, offering a compelling model to guide future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo Michel
- The Department of Fundamental Neuroscience, The University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Patricia Molina
- The Department of Fundamental Neuroscience, The University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Mameli
- The Department of Fundamental Neuroscience, The University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland; Inserm, UMR-S 839, 75005 Paris, France.
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2
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Zhang KK, Matin R, Gorodetsky C, Ibrahim GM, Gouveia FV. Systematic review of rodent studies of deep brain stimulation for the treatment of neurological, developmental and neuropsychiatric disorders. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:186. [PMID: 38605027 PMCID: PMC11009311 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02727-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) modulates local and widespread connectivity in dysfunctional networks. Positive results are observed in several patient populations; however, the precise mechanisms underlying treatment remain unknown. Translational DBS studies aim to answer these questions and provide knowledge for advancing the field. Here, we systematically review the literature on DBS studies involving models of neurological, developmental and neuropsychiatric disorders to provide a synthesis of the current scientific landscape surrounding this topic. A systematic analysis of the literature was performed following PRISMA guidelines. 407 original articles were included. Data extraction focused on study characteristics, including stimulation protocol, behavioural outcomes, and mechanisms of action. The number of articles published increased over the years, including 16 rat models and 13 mouse models of transgenic or healthy animals exposed to external factors to induce symptoms. Most studies targeted telencephalic structures with varying stimulation settings. Positive behavioural outcomes were reported in 85.8% of the included studies. In models of psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders, DBS-induced effects were associated with changes in monoamines and neuronal activity along the mesocorticolimbic circuit. For movement disorders, DBS improves symptoms via modulation of the striatal dopaminergic system. In dementia and epilepsy models, changes to cellular and molecular aspects of the hippocampus were shown to underlie symptom improvement. Despite limitations in translating findings from preclinical to clinical settings, rodent studies have contributed substantially to our current knowledge of the pathophysiology of disease and DBS mechanisms. Direct inhibition/excitation of neural activity, whereby DBS modulates pathological oscillatory activity within brain networks, is among the major theories of its mechanism. However, there remain fundamental questions on mechanisms, optimal targets and parameters that need to be better understood to improve this therapy and provide more individualized treatment according to the patient's predominant symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina K Zhang
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Program in Neuroscience and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rafi Matin
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Program in Neuroscience and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - George M Ibrahim
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Program in Neuroscience and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Bian B, Zhang B, Wong C, Dou L, Pan X, Wang H, Guo S, Zhang H, Zhang L. Recent Advances in Habenula Imaging Technology: A Comprehensive Review. J Magn Reson Imaging 2024; 59:737-746. [PMID: 37254969 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.28830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The habenula (Hb) is involved in many natural human behaviors, and the relevance of its alterations in size and neural activity to several psychiatric disorders and addictive behaviors has been presumed and investigated in recent years using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Although the Hb is small, an increasing number of studies have overcome the difficulties in MRI. Conventional structural-based imaging also has great defects in observing the Hb contrast with adjacent structures. In addition, more and more attention should be paid to the Hb's functional, structural, and quantitative imaging studies. Several advanced MRI methods have recently been employed in clinical studies to explore the Hb and its involvement in psychiatric diseases. This review summarizes the anatomy and function of the human Hb; moreover, it focuses on exploring the human Hb with noninvasive MRI approaches, highlighting strategies to overcome the poor contrast with adjacent structures and the need for multiparametric MRI to develop imaging markers for diagnosis and treatment follow-up. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3 TECHNICAL EFFICACY STAGE: 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- BingYang Bian
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging and Big Data, Radiology and Technology Innovation Center of Jilin Province, Jilin Provincial International Joint Research Center of Medical Artificial Intelligence, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Bei Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging and Big Data, Radiology and Technology Innovation Center of Jilin Province, Jilin Provincial International Joint Research Center of Medical Artificial Intelligence, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - ChinTing Wong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Le Dou
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging and Big Data, Radiology and Technology Innovation Center of Jilin Province, Jilin Provincial International Joint Research Center of Medical Artificial Intelligence, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - XingChen Pan
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging and Big Data, Radiology and Technology Innovation Center of Jilin Province, Jilin Provincial International Joint Research Center of Medical Artificial Intelligence, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - HongChao Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging and Big Data, Radiology and Technology Innovation Center of Jilin Province, Jilin Provincial International Joint Research Center of Medical Artificial Intelligence, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - ShiYu Guo
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging and Big Data, Radiology and Technology Innovation Center of Jilin Province, Jilin Provincial International Joint Research Center of Medical Artificial Intelligence, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - HuiMao Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging and Big Data, Radiology and Technology Innovation Center of Jilin Province, Jilin Provincial International Joint Research Center of Medical Artificial Intelligence, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging and Big Data, Radiology and Technology Innovation Center of Jilin Province, Jilin Provincial International Joint Research Center of Medical Artificial Intelligence, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, People's Republic of China
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Yalcinbas EA, Ajanaku B, Nelson ED, Garcia-Flores R, Montgomery KD, Stolz JM, Wu J, Divecha HR, Chandra A, Bharadwaj RA, Bach S, Rajpurohit A, Tao R, Shin JH, Kleinman JE, Hyde TM, Weinberger DR, Huuki-Myers LA, Collado-Torres L, Maynard KR. Transcriptomic analysis of the human habenula in schizophrenia. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.26.582081. [PMID: 38463979 PMCID: PMC10925152 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.26.582081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Importance Habenula (Hb) pathophysiology is involved in many neuropsychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia. Deep brain stimulation and pharmacological targeting of the Hb are emerging as promising therapeutic treatments. However, little is known about the cell type-specific transcriptomic organization of the human Hb or how it is altered in schizophrenia. Objective To define the molecular neuroanatomy of the human habenula and identify transcriptomic changes in individuals with schizophrenia compared to neurotypical controls. Design Setting and Participants This study utilized Hb-enriched postmortem human brain tissue. Single nucleus RNA-sequencing (snRNA-seq) and single molecule fluorescent in situ hybridization (smFISH) experiments were conducted to identify molecularly defined Hb cell types and map their spatial location (n=3-7 donors). Bulk RNA-sequencing and cell type deconvolution were used to investigate transcriptomic changes in Hb-enriched tissue from 35 individuals with schizophrenia and 33 neurotypical controls. Gene expression changes associated with schizophrenia in the Hb were compared to those previously identified in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), hippocampus, and caudate. Main Outcomes and Measures Semi-supervised snRNA-seq cell type clustering. Transcript visualization and quantification of smFISH probes. Bulk RNA-seq cell type deconvolution using reference snRNA-seq data. Schizophrenia-associated gene differential expression analysis adjusting for Hb and thalamus fractions, RNA degradation-associated quality surrogate variables, and other covariates. Cross-brain region schizophrenia-associated gene expression comparison. Results snRNA-seq identified 17 cell type clusters across 16,437 nuclei, including 3 medial and 7 lateral Hb populations. Cell types were conserved with those identified in a rodent model. smFISH for cell type marker genes validated snRNA-seq Hb cell types and depicted the spatial organization of subpopulations. Bulk RNA-seq analyses yielded 45 schizophrenia-associated differentially expressed genes (FDR < 0.05), with 32 (71%) unique to Hb-enriched tissue. Conclusions These results identify topographically organized cell types with distinct molecular signatures in the human Hb. They further demonstrate unique transcriptomic changes in the epithalamus associated with schizophrenia, thereby providing molecular insights into the role of Hb in neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ege A Yalcinbas
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Bukola Ajanaku
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Erik D Nelson
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Renee Garcia-Flores
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Kelsey D Montgomery
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Joshua M Stolz
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Joshua Wu
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Heena R Divecha
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Atharv Chandra
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Rahul A Bharadwaj
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Svitlana Bach
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Anandita Rajpurohit
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Ran Tao
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Joo-Heon Shin
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Joel E Kleinman
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Thomas M Hyde
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Daniel R Weinberger
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Louise A Huuki-Myers
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Leonardo Collado-Torres
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Center for Computational Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Kristen R Maynard
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
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Bromberg-Martin ES, Feng YY, Ogasawara T, White JK, Zhang K, Monosov IE. A neural mechanism for conserved value computations integrating information and rewards. Nat Neurosci 2024; 27:159-175. [PMID: 38177339 PMCID: PMC10774124 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-023-01511-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Behavioral and economic theory dictate that we decide between options based on their values. However, humans and animals eagerly seek information about uncertain future rewards, even when this does not provide any objective value. This implies that decisions are made by endowing information with subjective value and integrating it with the value of extrinsic rewards, but the mechanism is unknown. Here, we show that human and monkey value judgements obey strikingly conserved computational principles during multi-attribute decisions trading off information and extrinsic reward. We then identify a neural substrate in a highly conserved ancient structure, the lateral habenula (LHb). LHb neurons signal subjective value, integrating information's value with extrinsic rewards, and the LHb predicts and causally influences ongoing decisions. Neurons in key input areas to the LHb largely signal components of these computations, not integrated value signals. Thus, our data uncover neural mechanisms of conserved computations underlying decisions to seek information about the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yang-Yang Feng
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Takaya Ogasawara
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - J Kael White
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kaining Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ilya E Monosov
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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Fanty L, Yu J, Chen N, Fletcher D, Hey G, Okun M, Wong J. The current state, challenges, and future directions of deep brain stimulation for obsessive compulsive disorder. Expert Rev Med Devices 2023; 20:829-842. [PMID: 37642374 DOI: 10.1080/17434440.2023.2252732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is clinically and pathologically heterogenous, with symptoms often refractory to first-line treatments. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) for the treatment of refractory OCD provides an opportunity to adjust and individualize neuromodulation targeting aberrant circuitry underlying OCD. The tailoring of DBS therapy may allow precision in symptom control based on patient-specific pathology. Progress has been made in understanding the potential targets for DBS intervention; however, a consensus on an optimal target has not been agreed upon. AREAS COVERED A literature review of DBS for OCD was performed by querying the PubMed database. The following topics were covered: the evolution of DBS targeting in OCD, the concept of an underlying unified connectomic network, current DBS targets, challenges facing the field, and future directions which could advance personalized DBS in this challenging population. EXPERT OPINION To continue the increasing efficacy of DBS for OCD, we must further explore the optimal DBS response across clinical profiles and neuropsychiatric domains of OCD as well as how interventions targeting multiple points in an aberrant circuit, multiple aberrant circuits, or a connectivity hub impact clinical response. Additionally, biomarkers would be invaluable in programming adjustments and creating a closed-loop paradigm to address symptom fluctuation in daily life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Fanty
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida Health, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jun Yu
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida Health, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Nita Chen
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida Health, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Drew Fletcher
- College of Medicine, University of Florida Health Science Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Grace Hey
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida Health, Gainesville, FL, USA
- College of Medicine, University of Florida Health Science Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Michael Okun
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida Health, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Josh Wong
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida Health, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Manssuer L, Ding Q, Zhang Y, Gong H, Liu W, Yang R, Zhang C, Zhao Y, Pan Y, Zhan S, Li D, Sun B, Voon V. Risk and aversion coding in human habenula high gamma activity. Brain 2023; 146:2642-2653. [PMID: 36445730 PMCID: PMC10232252 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurons in the primate lateral habenula fire in response to punishments and are inhibited by rewards. Through its modulation of midbrain monoaminergic activity, the habenula is believed to play an important role in adaptive behavioural responses to punishment and underlie depressive symptoms and their alleviation with ketamine. However, its role in value-based decision-making in humans is poorly understood due to limitations with non-invasive imaging methods which measure metabolic, not neural, activity with poor temporal resolution. Here, we overcome these limitations to more closely bridge the gap between species by recording local field potentials directly from the habenula in 12 human patients receiving deep brain stimulation treatment for bipolar disorder (n = 4), chronic pain (n = 3), depression (n = 3) and schizophrenia (n = 2). This allowed us to record neural activity during value-based decision-making tasks involving monetary rewards and losses. High-frequency gamma (60-240 Hz) activity, a proxy for population-level spiking involved in cognitive computations, increased during the receipt of loss and decreased during receipt of reward. Furthermore, habenula high gamma also encoded risk during decision-making, being larger in amplitude for high compared to low risk. For both risk and aversion, differences between conditions peaked approximately between 400 and 750 ms after stimulus onset. The findings not only demonstrate homologies with the primate habenula but also extend its role to human decision-making, showing its temporal dynamics and suggesting revisions to current models. The findings suggest that habenula high gamma could be used to optimize real-time closed-loop deep brain stimulation treatment for mood disturbances and impulsivity in psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Manssuer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Addenbrookes Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- Neural and Intelligence Engineering Centre, Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Qiong Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Addenbrookes Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- Neural and Intelligence Engineering Centre, Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Neural and Intelligence Engineering Centre, Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hengfeng Gong
- Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Centre, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200124, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Neural and Intelligence Engineering Centre, Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ruoqi Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Chencheng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yijie Zhao
- Neural and Intelligence Engineering Centre, Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yixin Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Shikun Zhan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Dianyou Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Bomin Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Valerie Voon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Addenbrookes Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- Neural and Intelligence Engineering Centre, Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Ables JL, Park K, Ibañez-Tallon I. Understanding the habenula: A major node in circuits regulating emotion and motivation. Pharmacol Res 2023; 190:106734. [PMID: 36933754 PMCID: PMC11081310 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, the understanding of the habenula has rapidly advanced from being an understudied brain area with the Latin name 'habena" meaning "little rein", to being considered a "major rein" in the control of key monoaminergic brain centers. This ancient brain structure is a strategic node in the information flow from fronto-limbic brain areas to brainstem nuclei. As such, it plays a crucial role in regulating emotional, motivational, and cognitive behaviors and has been implicated in several neuropsychiatric disorders, including depression and addiction. This review will summarize recent findings on the medial (MHb) and lateral (LHb) habenula, their topographical projections, cell types, and functions. Additionally, we will discuss contemporary efforts that have uncovered novel molecular pathways and synaptic mechanisms with a focus on MHb-Interpeduncular nucleus (IPN) synapses. Finally, we will explore the potential interplay between the habenula's cholinergic and non-cholinergic components in coordinating related emotional and motivational behaviors, raising the possibility that these two pathways work together to provide balanced roles in reward prediction and aversion, rather than functioning independently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Ables
- Psychiatry Department, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kwanghoon Park
- The Laboratory of Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Inés Ibañez-Tallon
- The Laboratory of Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
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Cui Z, Jiang C, Hu C, Tian Y, Ling Z, Wang J, Fan T, Hao H, Wang Z, Li L. Safety and precision of frontal trajectory of lateral habenula deep brain stimulation surgery in treatment-resistant depression. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1113545. [PMID: 37006495 PMCID: PMC10060811 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1113545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionThe lateral habenula (LHb) is a promising deep brain stimulation (DBS) target for treatment-resistant depression (TRD). However, the optimal surgical trajectory and its safety of LHb DBS are lacking.MethodsWe reported surgical trajectories for the LHb in six TRD patients treated with DBS at the General Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army between April 2021 and May 2022. Pre-operative fusions of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) were conducted to design the implantation trajectory of DBS electrodes. Fusions of MRI and CT were conducted to assess the safety or precision of LHb DBS surgery or implantable electrodes locations.ResultsResults showed that the optimal entry point was the posterior middle frontal gyrus. The target coordinates (electrode tips) were 3.25 ± 0.82 mm and 3.25 ± 0.82 mm laterally, 12.75 ± 0.42 mm and 13.00 ± 0.71 mm posterior to the midpoint of the anterior commissure–posterior commissure (AC-PC) line, and 1.83 ± 0.68 mm and 1.17 ± 0.75 mm inferior to the AC-PC line in the left and right LHb, respectively. The “Ring” angles (relative to the AC-PC level on the sagittal section plane) of the trajectories to the left and right LHb were 51.87° ± 6.67° and 52.00° ± 7.18°, respectively. The “Arc” angles (relative to the midline of the sagittal plane) were 33.82° ± 3.39° and 33.55° ± 3.72°, respectively. Moreover, there was small deviation of actual from planned target coordinates. No patient had surgery-, disease- or device-related adverse events during the perioperative period.ConclusionOur results suggested that LHb-DBS surgery via frontal trajectory is safe, accurate, and feasible. This is an applicable work to report in detail the target coordinates and surgical path of human LHb-DBS. It has of great clinical reference value to treat more cases of LHb-DBS for TRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army of China General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Jiang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Institute of Neuroscience, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Chunhua Hu
- National Engineering Research Center of Neuromodulation, School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Tian
- National Engineering Research Center of Neuromodulation, School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhipei Ling
- Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital Hainan Hospital Neurosurgery, Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army of China General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tengteng Fan
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Six Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Hongwei Hao
- National Engineering Research Center of Neuromodulation, School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyan Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Neuromodulation, School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhiyan Wang
| | - Luming Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Neuromodulation, School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Precision Medicine and Healthcare Research Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
- International Data Group/McGovern Institute for Brain Research at Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Luming Li
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10
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Lu C, Feng Y, Li H, Gao Z, Zhu X, Hu J. A preclinical study of deep brain stimulation in the ventral tegmental area for alleviating positive psychotic-like behaviors in mice. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:945912. [PMID: 36034113 PMCID: PMC9399924 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.945912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a clinical intervention for the treatment of movement disorders. It has also been applied to the treatment of psychiatric disorders such as depression, anorexia nervosa, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and schizophrenia. Psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depression can lead to psychosis, which can cause patients to lose touch with reality. The ventral tegmental area (VTA), located near the midline of the midbrain, is an important region involved in psychosis. However, the clinical application of electrical stimulation of the VTA to treat psychotic diseases has been limited, and related mechanisms have not been thoroughly studied. In the present study, hyperlocomotion and stereotyped behaviors of the mice were employed to mimic and evaluate the positive-psychotic-like behaviors. We attempted to treat positive psychotic-like behaviors by electrically stimulating the VTA in mice and exploring the neural mechanisms behind behavioral effects. Local field potential recording and in vivo fiber photometry to observe the behavioral effects and changes in neural activities caused by DBS in the VTA of mice. Optogenetic techniques were used to verify the neural mechanisms underlying the behavioral effects induced by DBS. Our results showed that electrical stimulation of the VTA activates local gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurons, and dopamine (DA) neurons, reduces hyperlocomotion, and relieves stereotyped behaviors induced by MK-801 (dizocilpine) injection. The results of optogenetic manipulation showed that the activation of the VTA GABA neurons, but not DA neurons, is involved in the alleviation of hyperlocomotion and stereotyped behaviors. We visualized changes in the activity of specific types in specific brain areas induced by DBS, and explored the neural mechanism of DBS in alleviating positive psychotic-like behaviors. This preclinical study not only proposes new technical means of exploring the mechanism of DBS, but also provides experimental justification for the clinical treatment of psychotic diseases by electrical stimulation of the VTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Lu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yifan Feng
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongxia Li
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zilong Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaona Zhu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Ji Hu Xiaona Zhu
| | - Ji Hu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Ji Hu Xiaona Zhu
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11
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Antunes GF, Pinheiro Campos AC, de Assis DV, Gouveia FV, de Jesus Seno MD, Pagano RL, Ruiz Martinez RC. Habenula activation patterns in a preclinical model of neuropathic pain accompanied by depressive-like behaviour. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271295. [PMID: 35819957 PMCID: PMC9275703 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Pain and depression are complex disorders that frequently co-occur, resulting in diminished quality of life. The habenula is an epithalamic structure considered to play a pivotal role in the neurocircuitry of both pain and depression. The habenula can be divided into two major areas, the lateral and medial habenula, that can be further subdivided, resulting in 6 main subregions. Here, we investigated habenula activation patterns in a rat model of neuropathic pain with accompanying depressive-like behaviour. Wistar rats received active surgery for the development of neuropathic pain (chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve; CCI), sham surgery (surgical control), or no surgery (behavioural control). All animals were evaluated for mechanical nociceptive threshold using the paw pressure test and depressive-like behaviour using the forced swimming test, followed by evaluation of the immunoreactivity to cFos—a marker of neuronal activity—in the habenula and subregions. The Open Field Test was used to evaluate locomotor activity. Animals with peripheral neuropathy (CCI) showed decreased mechanical nociceptive threshold and increased depressive-like behaviour compared to control groups. The CCI group presented decreased cFos immunoreactivity in the total habenula, total lateral habenula and lateral habenula subregions, compared to controls. No difference was found in cFos immunoreactivity in the total medial habenula, however when evaluating the subregions of the medial habenula, we observed distinct activation patterns, with increase cFos immunoreactivity in the superior subregion and decrease in the central subregion. Taken together, our data suggest an involvement of the habenula in neuropathic pain and accompanying depressive-like behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Flavia Venetucci Gouveia
- Division of Neuroscience, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil
- Neuroscience and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
- * E-mail: (RCRM); (FVG)
| | | | | | - Raquel Chacon Ruiz Martinez
- Division of Neuroscience, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil
- LIM/23, Institute of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail: (RCRM); (FVG)
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12
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Figee M, Riva-Posse P, Choi KS, Bederson L, Mayberg HS, Kopell BH. Deep Brain Stimulation for Depression. Neurotherapeutics 2022; 19:1229-1245. [PMID: 35817944 PMCID: PMC9587188 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-022-01270-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation has been extensively studied as a therapeutic option for treatment-resistant depression (TRD). DBS across different targets is associated with on average 60% response rates in previously refractory chronically depressed patients. However, response rates vary greatly between patients and between studies and often require extensive trial-and-error optimizations of stimulation parameters. Emerging evidence from tractography imaging suggests that targeting combinations of white matter tracts, rather than specific grey matter regions, is necessary for meaningful antidepressant response to DBS. In this article, we review efficacy of various DBS targets for TRD, which networks are involved in their therapeutic effects, and how we can use this information to improve targeting and programing of DBS for individual patients. We will also highlight how to integrate these DBS network findings into developing adaptive stimulation and optimal trial designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn Figee
- Nash Family Center for Advanced Circuit Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Patricio Riva-Posse
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Georgia, GA, USA
| | - Ki Sueng Choi
- Nash Family Center for Advanced Circuit Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lucia Bederson
- Nash Family Center for Advanced Circuit Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Helen S Mayberg
- Nash Family Center for Advanced Circuit Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brian H Kopell
- Nash Family Center for Advanced Circuit Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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13
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Hones VI, Mizumori SJY. Response Flexibility: The Role of the Lateral Habenula. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:852235. [PMID: 35444521 PMCID: PMC9014270 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.852235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to make appropriate decisions that result in an optimal outcome is critical for survival. This process involves assessing the environment as well as integrating prior knowledge about the environment with information about one’s current internal state. There are many neural structures that play critical roles in mediating these processes, but it is not yet known how such information coalesces to influence behavioral output. The lateral habenula (LHb) has often been cited as a structure critical for adaptive and flexible responding when environmental contexts and internal state changes. A challenge, however, has been understanding how LHb promotes response flexibility. In this review, we hypothesize that the LHb enables flexible responding following the integration of context memory and internal state information by signaling downstream brainstem structures known to drive hippocampal theta. In this way, animals respond more flexibly in a task situation not because the LHb selects a particular action, but rather because LHb enhances a hippocampal neural state that is often associated with greater attention, arousal, and exploration. In freely navigating animals, these are essential conditions that are needed to discover and implement appropriate alternative choices and behaviors. As a corollary to our hypothesis, we describe short- and intermediate-term functions of the LHb. Finally, we discuss the effects on the behavior of LHb dysfunction in short- and intermediate-timescales, and then suggest that new therapies may act on the LHb to alleviate the behavioral impairments following long-term LHb disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria I. Hones
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Sheri J. Y. Mizumori
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- *Correspondence: Sheri J. Y. Mizumori
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14
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Song JG, Kwon O, Hwang EM, Kim HW, Park JY. Conditional deletion of TMEM16A in cholinergic neurons of the medial habenula induces anhedonic-like behavior in mice. Behav Brain Res 2022; 426:113841. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.113841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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15
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Elias GJB, Germann J, Loh A, Boutet A, Pancholi A, Beyn ME, Bhat V, Woodside DB, Giacobbe P, Kennedy SH, Lozano AM. Habenular Involvement in Response to Subcallosal Cingulate Deep Brain Stimulation for Depression. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:810777. [PMID: 35185654 PMCID: PMC8854862 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.810777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The habenula (Hb) is a small, evolutionarily conserved epithalamic structure implicated in functions such as reward and mood regulation. Prior imaging work suggests that Hb's structural and functional properties may relate to treatment response in depression and other mood disorders. We used multimodal MRI techniques to investigate the potential involvement of Hb in response to subcallosal cingulate area deep brain stimulation (SCC-DBS) for treatment-resistant mood disorders. Using an automated segmentation technique, we compared Hb volume at baseline and at a subsequent post-operative timepoint (4.4 ± 3.0 years after surgery) in a cohort of 32 patients who received SCC-DBS. Clinical response to treatment (≥50% decrease in HAMD-17 from baseline to 12 months post-operation) was significantly associated with longitudinal Hb volume change: responders tended to have increased Hb volume over time, while non-responders showed decreased Hb volume (t = 2.4, p = 0.021). We additionally used functional MRI (fMRI) in a subcohort of SCC-DBS patients (n = 12) to investigate immediate within-patient changes in Hb functional connectivity associated with SCC-DBS stimulation. Active DBS was significantly associated with increased Hb connectivity to several prefrontal and corticolimbic regions (TFCE-adjusted p Bonferroni < 0.0001), many of which have been previously implicated in the neurocircuitry of depression. Taken together, our results suggest that Hb may play an important role in the antidepressant effect of SCC-DBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin J B Elias
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jürgen Germann
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Aaron Loh
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alexandre Boutet
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Aditya Pancholi
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michelle E Beyn
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Venkat Bhat
- Centre for Mental Health and Krembil Research Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - D Blake Woodside
- Centre for Mental Health, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Peter Giacobbe
- Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sidney H Kennedy
- Centre for Mental Health, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Krembil Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andres M Lozano
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Krembil Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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16
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Gouveia FV, Ibrahim GM. Habenula as a Neural Substrate for Aggressive Behavior. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:817302. [PMID: 35250669 PMCID: PMC8891498 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.817302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decades, an ever growing body of literature has explored the anatomy, connections, and functions of the habenula (Hb). It has been postulated that the Hb plays a central role in the control of the monoaminergic system, thus influencing a wide range of behavioral responses, and participating in the pathophysiology of a number of psychiatric disorders and neuropsychiatric symptoms, such as aggressive behaviors. Aggressive behaviors are frequently accompanied by restlessness and agitation, and are commonly observed in patients with psychiatric disorders, intellectual disabilities, and neurodegenerative diseases of aging. Recently, the Hb has been explored as a new target for neuromodulation therapies, such as deep brain stimulation, with promising results. Here we review the anatomical organization of the habenula and discuss several distinct mechanisms by which the Hb is involved in the modulation of aggressive behaviors, and propose new investigations for the development of novel treatments targeting the habenula to reduce aggressive behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Venetucci Gouveia
- Neuroscience and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - George M Ibrahim
- Neuroscience and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Neurosurgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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17
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Abstract
For many decades, psychiatric treatment has been primarily guided by two major paradigms of psychopathology: a neurochemical paradigm leading to the development of medications and a psychological paradigm resulting in the development of psychotherapies. A third paradigm positing that psychiatric dysfunction results from abnormal communication within a network of brain regions that regulate mood, thought, and behavior has gained increased attention over the past several years and underlies the development of multiple neuromodulation and neurostimulation therapies. This neural circuit paradigm is not new. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, it was a common way of understanding psychiatric illness and led to several of our earliest somatic therapies. However, with the rise of effective medications and evidence-based psychotherapies, this paradigm went mostly dormant. Its recent reemergence resulted from a growing recognition that medications and psychotherapy leave many patients inadequately treated, along with technological advances that have revolutionized our ability to understand and modulate the neural circuitry involved in psychiatric disorders. In this overview, the authors review the history and current state of neuromodulation for psychiatric illness and specifically focus on these approaches as a treatment for depression, as this has been the primary indication for these interventions over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan K Conroy
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (Conroy);National Center for PTSD, Executive Division, White River Junction VA Medical Center, White River Junction, Vt. (Holtzheimer);Departments of Psychiatry and Surgery, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, N.H. (Holtzheimer)
| | - Paul E Holtzheimer
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (Conroy);National Center for PTSD, Executive Division, White River Junction VA Medical Center, White River Junction, Vt. (Holtzheimer);Departments of Psychiatry and Surgery, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, N.H. (Holtzheimer)
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18
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Germann J, Gouveia FV, Brentani H, Bedford SA, Tullo S, Chakravarty MM, Devenyi GA. Involvement of the habenula in the pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorder. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21168. [PMID: 34707133 PMCID: PMC8551275 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00603-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The habenula is a small epithalamic structure with widespread connections to multiple cortical, subcortical and brainstem regions. It has been identified as the central structure modulating the reward value of social interactions, behavioral adaptation, sensory integration and circadian rhythm. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by social communication deficits, restricted interests, repetitive behaviors, and is frequently associated with altered sensory perception and mood and sleep disorders. The habenula is implicated in all these behaviors and results of preclinical studies suggest a possible involvement of the habenula in the pathophysiology of this disorder. Using anatomical magnetic resonance imaging and automated segmentation we show that the habenula is significantly enlarged in ASD subjects compared to controls across the entire age range studied (6-30 years). No differences were observed between sexes. Furthermore, support-vector machine modeling classified ASD with 85% accuracy (model using habenula volume, age and sex) and 64% accuracy in cross validation. The Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) significantly differed between groups, however, it was not related to individual habenula volume. The present study is the first to provide evidence in human subjects of an involvement of the habenula in the pathophysiology of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Germann
- grid.231844.80000 0004 0474 0428University Health Network, 399 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Flavia Venetucci Gouveia
- grid.42327.300000 0004 0473 9646Neuroscience and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Helena Brentani
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Department of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo, Medical School, São Paulo, São Paulo Brazil ,grid.500696.cNational Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, CNPq, São Paulo, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Saashi A. Bedford
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.5335.00000000121885934Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie Tullo
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - M. Mallar Chakravarty
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Gabriel A. Devenyi
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
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