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Kwegyir Tsiboe A, Raghuraman S, Marshall TC. Caught between two worlds: mental health literacy and stigma among bicultural youth. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2024; 19:2321644. [PMID: 38431901 PMCID: PMC10911255 DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2024.2321644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Bicultural youths are at higher risk of mental health problems and are less likely to utilize mental health services, yet our knowledge of their mental health literacy and help-seeking behaviours remains limited. METHODS To fill this gap, the current study explored bicultural youths' mental health literacy and stigma by conducting semi-structured interviews with 14 Canadian university students in 2021. RESULTS Our analysis revealed that bicultural youths may be torn between two worlds: intergenerational tensions between participants assimilated into individualistic Canadian culture and their more collectivist parents meant that they had different cultural perceptions of mental health literacy and stigma. While being caught between these two worlds may be detrimental for bicultural youth, our results also suggested that a trans-cultural factor-celebrities' mental health journeys-may promote help-seeking behaviour across participants. Furthermore, our study speaks to the ways that unprecedented events such as the COVID-19 pandemic impact mental health literacy among bicultural youth. Our findings might be used by university mental health services to encourage help-seeking among bicultural students. CONCLUSION The acculturation of mental health literacy, stigma, and associated intergenerational differences needs to be considered by university wellness services.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shruthi Raghuraman
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience, and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Tara C. Marshall
- Department of Health, Aging & Society, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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Stefana A, Mirabella F, Gigantesco A, Camoni L. The screening accuracy of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) to detect perinatal depression with and without the self-harm item in pregnant and postpartum women. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 2024; 45:2404967. [PMID: 39319392 DOI: 10.1080/0167482x.2024.2404967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 09/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to examine whether the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), excluding the self-harm item (EPDS-9), performs as effectively as the full EPDS in identifying depression among perinatal women. METHODS A total of 3571 pregnant women and 3850 postpartum women participated in this observational study. Participants who scored ≥ 9 on the EPDS underwent further diagnostic evaluations by a clinical psychologist and/or psychiatrist. RESULTS The EPDS-9 and full EPDS demonstrated a near-perfect correlation in both the antepartum (r = 0.996) and postpartum (r = 0.998) cohorts. EPDS-9 showed exceptional precision in identifying depression as screened by the full EPDS at cutoff points ranging 9-14, with areas under the curve ≥0.998. The sensitivity of EPDS-9 and full EPDS to detect depression that requires psychotropic medications was poor. The highest accuracy for both versions was at a cutoff score of 9: sensitivity of 0.579 for the full EPDS and 0.526 for the EPDS-9. At the cutoff point of 9, EPDS-9 performed adequately in predicting the response of the participants to the self-harm item. CONCLUSION The EPDS-9 represents a solid and effective replacement for the full EPDS in clinical settings. If the presence of suicidal thoughts needs to be assessed, specialized scales should be used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Stefana
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Fiorino Mirabella
- Center for Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Gigantesco
- Center for Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Camoni
- Center for Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
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Desmarais SL, Morrissey B, Lowder EM, Zottola SA. Patterns of Self-Reported Mental Health Symptoms and Treatment among People Booked into a Large Metropolitan County Jail. ADMINISTRATION AND POLICY IN MENTAL HEALTH AND MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH 2024; 51:916-934. [PMID: 39014285 DOI: 10.1007/s10488-024-01398-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
The Brief Jail Mental Health Screen (BJMHS) is one of the most well-known and frequently used tools to conduct routine mental health screening at jail intake. In prior research, the BJMHS results typically have been evaluated overall (i.e., yes/no positive screen). However, there is heterogeneity in symptom presentation and treatment histories among people with serious mental illness, and there are potential consequences of this heterogeneity for mental health administration and policy in jails. We conducted a latent class analysis of BJMHS item-level results using administrative data for 37,998 people booked into a southeastern, metropolitan, U.S. county jail over a 3.5-year period. A 4-class solution provided the best fitting and most interpretable model. The largest class (89.5%) comprised people unlikely to report symptoms or treatment histories (limited symptoms). The next class comprised people who were unlikely to report ongoing symptoms but reported medication and hospitalization (managed symptoms). The third class (2.5%) included people likely to report feeling useless/sinful, prior hospitalization, and current psychiatric medication (depressive symptoms). The fourth class (1.0%) comprised people likely to report thought control, paranoia, feeling useless/sinful, medication, and hospitalization (psychotic symptoms). Controlling for sociodemographic and booking characteristics, people in the managed, depressive, and psychotic symptoms classes had significantly longer jail stays compared to those in the limited symptoms class. People in the managed and depressive symptoms classes were at heightened risk of re-arrest compared to the limited symptoms class. Findings can inform case prioritization and the allocation of resources to support efficient and effective jail-based mental health services.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brandon Morrissey
- Policy Research Associates, Inc, Troy, 12180, NY, US
- North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, US
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4
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Thapa S, Ahmed KY, Giri S, Anyasodor AE, Huda MM, Gibbs P, Mahmood S, Astawesegn FH, Newman J, Ross AG. Population attributable fractions of depression and anxiety among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples: a population-based study. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. WESTERN PACIFIC 2024; 52:101203. [PMID: 39381087 PMCID: PMC11458540 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2024.101203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 10/10/2024]
Abstract
Background Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples face an increased risk of common mental disorders, which may be associated with underlying socio-economic challenges, racism, and discrimination. This is the first study to calculate the population attributable fractions (PAFs) for depression and anxiety attributed to potentially modifiable risk factors such as health behaviour, social and cultural characteristics, and past adverse events among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples aged ≥15 years. Methods This cross-sectional study examined the 2018-19 National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Survey conducted by the Australian Bureau of Statistics. Logistic regression models were used to compute odds ratios (ORs). PAFs adjusted for communality were calculated using adjusted ORs and prevalence estimates for each risk factor. Findings This study included a weighted sample of 5362 individuals, with a mean age of 40.8 years (SD = ±17.2). Personal income below the national average (PAF = 13.4%; 95% CI: 12.4, 14.5), severed access to Indigenous cultural affiliations (PAF = 12.8%; 95% CI: 11.8, 13.8), central obesity (PAF = 7.2%; 95% CI: 6.4, 8.0), daily smoking (PAF = 5.9%; 95% CI: 5.2, 6.7) and severed access to Indigenous knowledge (PAF = 5.2%; 95% CI: 4.5, 5.8) were associated with 45% of depression cases. Personal income below the national average (PAF = 10.7%; 95% CI: 9.8, 11.7), limited access to Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Services (PAF = 10.6%; 95% CI: 9.7, 11.6), central obesity (PAF = 7.1%; 95% CI: 6.3, 7.9), severed access to Indigenous knowledge (PAF = 5.7%; 95% CI: 4.9, 6.4) and the experience of discrimination in the last 12 months (PAF = 4.7%; 95% CI: 4.0, 5.3) were associated with 39% of anxiety cases. Interpretation To reduce the burden of depression and anxiety disorder among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, addressing socio-economic and cultural harms that constrain healthy connections to people/kin, their rights, languages, land, and healthy food sources should be a priority. Funding This work was funded by a grant from the Commonwealth of Australia, represented by the Department of Health and Aged Care (Grant Activity 4-DGEJZ1O/4-CW7UT14).
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Affiliation(s)
- Subash Thapa
- Rural Health Research Institute (RHRI), Charles Sturt University, Orange, NSW, 2800, Australia
| | - Kedir Y. Ahmed
- Rural Health Research Institute (RHRI), Charles Sturt University, Orange, NSW, 2800, Australia
| | - Santosh Giri
- Rural Health Research Institute (RHRI), Charles Sturt University, Orange, NSW, 2800, Australia
| | | | - M. Mamun Huda
- Rural Health Research Institute (RHRI), Charles Sturt University, Orange, NSW, 2800, Australia
| | - Peter Gibbs
- Regional Enterprise Development Institute (REDI.E), Dubbo, NSW, 2830, Australia
| | - Shakeel Mahmood
- Rural Health Research Institute (RHRI), Charles Sturt University, Orange, NSW, 2800, Australia
| | - Feleke H. Astawesegn
- Rural Health Research Institute (RHRI), Charles Sturt University, Orange, NSW, 2800, Australia
| | - Jamie Newman
- Orange Aboriginal Medical Service (OAMS), Orange, NSW, 2800, Australia
| | - Allen G. Ross
- Rural Health Research Institute (RHRI), Charles Sturt University, Orange, NSW, 2800, Australia
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Lau Johnson WFK, Saleem FT, Sanders EA, Langley AK. TRANSFORMing theory to practice: Developing and implementing an anti-racist, community-based racial stress and trauma group intervention for BIPOC youth. J Prev Interv Community 2024:1-28. [PMID: 39387465 DOI: 10.1080/10852352.2024.2408503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2024]
Abstract
Evidence-informed trauma interventions developed specifically by and for Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC) that address racial, historical, and intergenerational trauma are sparse, particularly for youth. To meet this need, the current study developed and piloted a new intervention - Trauma and Racism Addressed by Navigating Systemic Forms of Oppression using Resistance Methods (TRANSFORM) - using a and community-engaged research-to-practice approach. Across two phases, we documented the community-participatory development of TRANSFORM and analyzed preliminarily quantitative data collected in a pilot study with N = 19 BIPOC youth. Phase 1 reports on the process and lessons learned from the community centered co-development. The phase 2 pilot study results revealed statistically significant pretest-to-posttest reductions in racial discrimination stress as well as trauma-related symptoms interfering with daily functioning for youth. Implications for community-based approaches to disrupting and healing racial stress and trauma within and across youth-serving systems are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Fong K Lau Johnson
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Farzana T Saleem
- Graduate School of Education, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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6
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Abdalla SM, Galea S. Key considerations for the future of mental health epidemiology. Am J Epidemiol 2024; 193:1307-1312. [PMID: 38872352 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Psychiatric epidemiology has led to substantial progress in our understanding of the causes of mental health disorders. The increasing sophistication of etiologic psychiatric research has been accompanied by a greater focus on the biological and genetic causes of psychiatric disorders, to some extent diverging from field's early focus on the burden of poor mental health due to a breadth of social and economic conditions. We argue that the moment is ripe for advancing a mental health epidemiology that can reconnect the field to these earlier-and still central-concerns while retaining the strengths of psychiatric epidemiology. Embracing 5 considerations can help advance the evolving field of mental health epidemiology. First, conceptually, an ambitious vision for the future of the field necessitates investment in refining our definitions and methodologies. Second, there is a need for a renewed focus on the macrosocial determinants of mental health. Third, a deeper engagement with mental health inequities should be central to our scholarship. Fourth, the field would benefit from a more deliberate assessment of the mechanisms leading to adverse mental health outcomes, which can then be used to inform novel interventions. Finally, realizing this future is contingent upon a wholesale commitment to studying population mental health globally. This article is part of a Special Collection on Mental Health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma M Abdalla
- Global Health Department, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, United States
- Epidemiology Department, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, United States
| | - Sandro Galea
- Epidemiology Department, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, United States
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7
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Pardo C, Watson B, Pinkhasov O, Afable A. Social determinants of perinatal mental health. Semin Perinatol 2024; 48:151946. [PMID: 39174405 DOI: 10.1016/j.semperi.2024.151946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Social inequities and mental health are public health and medical conditions that are inextricably linked. Perinatal mental health is influenced by social, physical, and biological factors, with additional stressors related to pregnancy. The social determinants of health (SDOH) encompasses all conditions in which people live and grow, inclusive of cultural norms that reflect the diverse populations we serve. To best understand the mechanisms by which the SDOH affects perinatal mental health, we introduce the Urban Stress Model and describe the link between urban realities to stress response and potential mechanisms that link urban living to increased risk of adverse perinatal mental health. Given the increased diversity of patient populations, cultural considerations are paramount in understanding the utility and best practices in screening and interventions among ethnically diverse communities. Building on our Urban Stress Model and a structural determinants of health framework, we present examples of interventions to address the social inequities of perinatal mental health from the policy to community levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Pardo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Breanna Watson
- School of Public Health, Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn NY, USA
| | - Olga Pinkhasov
- College of Medicine, Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn NY, USA
| | - Aimee Afable
- School of Public Health, Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn NY, USA
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8
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Monahan Z. Benefit of Global Medicine in Psychiatric Education. ACADEMIC PSYCHIATRY : THE JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF DIRECTORS OF PSYCHIATRIC RESIDENCY TRAINING AND THE ASSOCIATION FOR ACADEMIC PSYCHIATRY 2024:10.1007/s40596-024-02045-y. [PMID: 39256277 DOI: 10.1007/s40596-024-02045-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Zach Monahan
- Oklahoma State University College of Osteopathic Medicine at Cherokee Nation, Office of Medical Student Research, Tahlequah, OK, USA.
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Yang X, Liao T, Wang Y, Ren L, Zeng J. The association between digital addiction and interpersonal relationships: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev 2024; 114:102501. [PMID: 39265317 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2024.102501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024]
Abstract
Digital addiction (DA) has been identified as an emerging public health problem worldwide. However, the extent and direction of the association between DA and interpersonal relationships (IRs) are unknown. Does DA have adverse effects on IRs, and how credible is the evidence for this association in published analyses of real-world data? Using the PRISMA method, we conducted a meta-analysis to quantitatively synthesize the results of the relevant studies and obtain reliable effect size estimates and performed an analysis of moderating factors. A systematic literature search identified 98 studies involving 134,593 participants and 99 effect sizes. A significant negative association was observed between DA and IRs. Importantly, our meta-analysis revealed that the DA subtype has no significant moderating effect on IRs, suggesting that combining numerous categories of DA rather than focusing on specific forms of DA may be appropriate for understanding the relationship between DA and IRs. Relative to the IR subtype, the association between DA and offline relationships is significant and negative, whereas the association between DA and online relationships is significant and positive. The strength of the relationship is also influenced by the participants' sex ratio, educational level, and measurement tools. These results may help resolve the disagreement over the magnitude and direction of the association between DA and IRs and have potential implications for the treatment of DA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Yang
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingting Liao
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Cancer Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lifeng Ren
- Chongqing Research Institute of Big Data, Peking University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianguang Zeng
- School of Economics and Business Administration, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
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10
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Özbay A, Bülbül AE. The impact of psychological resilience and gender on the relationship between trauma-coping perception and levels of secondary traumatic stress in mental health workers. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 39238399 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.23150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
This study examined the mediating role of psychological resilience and gender on mental health workers' perceptions of coping with trauma and secondary traumatic stress. Following the February 6 earthquake, the study group consisted of 212 mental health workers who came from various provinces of Turkey to support the earthquake region. We collected data using the "Perception of Coping with Trauma Scale," "Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale," "Brief Psychological Resilience Scale," and "Personal Information Form." We conducted analyses using PROCESS Macro Model 4 and Model 8. The results show that the perception of coping with trauma indirectly affects secondary traumatic stress through psychological resilience. The relationship between men's perception of coping with trauma and their psychological resilience appears to be greater than that of women. The direct effect of perceptions of coping with trauma on secondary traumatic stress also varies by gender. As men's perceptions of coping with trauma and psychological resilience decrease, the level of secondary traumatic stress increases. We found no significant relationship between these three variables in women. We found that psychological resilience and gender mediate the relationship between perceptions of coping with trauma and secondary traumatic stress. While this relationship was significant for men, it was not significant for women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Özbay
- Ministry of National Education, Istanbul, Türkiye
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11
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Siddiq H, Choi KR, Jackson N, Saadi A, Gelberg L, Ponce NA, Takada S. Determinants to Tele-Mental Health Services Utilization Among California Adults: Do Immigration-Related Variables Matter? J Immigr Minor Health 2024:10.1007/s10903-024-01628-z. [PMID: 39235551 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-024-01628-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
To investigate the relationship of predisposing, enabling, need, and immigration-related factors to tele-mental health services utilization among California adults, we conducted a secondary analysis of two waves of the California Health Interview Survey (CHIS) collected between 2015 and 2018 (N = 78,345). A series of logistic regression models were conducted to examine correlates and predictors to tele-mental health services use. Approximately 1.3% reported the use of tele-mental health services. Overall, health insurance status, severe psychological distress, perceived need for mental health services, and identifying as Asian, remained strong predictors for tele-mental health service use. When accounting for all factors, we found that being a non-citizen was associated with lower odds of tele-mental health service use (AOR = 0.47, CI = 0.26, 0.87, p < 0.05). These findings suggest that citizenship, resources to access, and perceived need for mental health care collectively are the most significant factors driving the use of tele-mental health services. There is a need to address inequitable access to tele-mental health services among immigrants who do not qualify for healthcare coverage due to citizenship status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafifa Siddiq
- Mervyn M. Dymally College of Nursing, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Division of General and Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Kristen R Choi
- School of Nursing, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Fielding School of Public Health, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas Jackson
- Division of General and Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Altaf Saadi
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lillian Gelberg
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Fielding School of Public Health, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Family Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Office of Healthcare Transformation and Innovation, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Ninez A Ponce
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Fielding School of Public Health, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sae Takada
- Division of General and Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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12
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Shankar J, Chen SP, Lai DWL, Joseph S, Narayanan R, Suleman Z, Ali HMA, Kharat P. Mental health challenges of recent immigrants in precarious work environments - a qualitative study. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1428276. [PMID: 39345926 PMCID: PMC11427846 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1428276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Recent immigrants from racialized minority backgrounds and those who are not proficient in the local language are some of the most vulnerable members of society. Despite having postsecondary educational qualifications and permanent residency status, many are engaged in precarious employment. There is a scarcity of research that has explicitly focused on the work experiences and mental health challenges faced by these immigrants. Methods Using a grounded theory approach and semi-structured face-to-face interviews, this study examined the work experiences and mental health challenges of 42 recent immigrant employees from two cities in Canada who were working in various industries and engaged in precarious employment. Findings Eighty-one percent of the employee participants were overqualified for their jobs. Findings highlighted several ongoing mental problems that participants experienced, stemming from challenging physical and psychological workplace conditions, negative mindsets associated with their recent immigrant status, and other contextual factors and barriers. However, various coping strategies, both constructive and unconstructive, were used to address this mental distress. Discussion The study proposes a multidimensional approach to address workplace conditions to promote good mental health for these employees. This includes preventative programs for raising awareness among employers about the importance of recent immigrant employees' mental health and well-being and policy and legislation changes to ensure the employer's commitment to creating a safe and culturally friendly workplace. The approach also recommends that recent immigrant employees receive occupational health and safety training, learn about Canadian workplace norms and culture, and have access to professional healthcare services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janki Shankar
- Faculty of Social Work, University of Calgary, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Shu-Ping Chen
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Daniel W. L. Lai
- Dean and Chair Professor, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shawn Joseph
- Faculty of Social Work, University of Calgary, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Rhea Narayanan
- Horace Greeley High School, Chappaqua, New York, United States
| | - Zabin Suleman
- Faculty of Social Work, University of Calgary, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - H M Ashraf Ali
- Department of Anthropology, Economics and Political Science, MacEwan University, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Gyamfi S. Conceptualizing and Developing a Dynamic Stigma Theory. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2024; 45:895-905. [PMID: 39109949 DOI: 10.1080/01612840.2024.2367147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Stigma is a form of injustice that contributes to the worsening course of the symptoms associated with mental health problems. The paper discusses the conceptualization and development of a contemporary theoretical model of stigma. Building on the findings of an initial scoping review, the author developed a theoretical model after thoroughly analyzing and redefining the key concepts of interest. This article proposes that stigmatized individuals are impacted by the religiocultural and structural violence perspectives embedded within social spaces, leading to stigma perception appraisal and subsequent coping mechanisms, which could be adaptive or maladaptive. Current models of mental illness stigma have gaps. It is time to relook at existing stigma frameworks and fill these gaps that have existed for many years for effective anti-stigma strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Gyamfi
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
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14
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Kamenetsky SB, Chen V, Heled E. Matching patients with therapists in culturally diverse rehabilitation services during civil unrest. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT 2024; 24:407-418. [PMID: 37378752 DOI: 10.1007/s10754-023-09359-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
A primary consideration in rehabilitation is the compatibility between clinicians and patients, where cultural diversity is a defining feature for both. The intricacies of cultural considerations in patient-clinician matching are heightened in areas of conflict and civil unrest. This paper presents three perspectives of the significance of cultural considerations in such assignments: patient-centred approach - prioritizing patients' preferences; professional-centred approach - clinicians' safety, social-emotional, and training needs; and utilitarian approach - what is best for the majority. A case study from an Israeli rehabilitation clinic is presented to exhibit the multifaceted considerations in patient-clinician matching within areas of conflict and civil unrest. The reconciliation of these three approaches in the context of cultural diversity is discussed, suggesting the benefit of a case-by-case strategy involving combinations of the three. Further research could examine how this might feasibly and beneficially optimize outcomes for all in culturally diverse societies in times of unrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart B Kamenetsky
- Department of Psychology, Institute for the Study of University Pedagogy, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Rd, L5L 1C6, Mississauga, ON, Canada.
| | - Vanessa Chen
- Department of Applied Psychology and Human Development, Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Eyal Heled
- Department of Psychology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
- Department of Neurological Rehabilitation and 'Steps' Outpatient Clinic, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
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Johnson C, Delaney KR, Cirpili A, Marriott S, O'Connor J. American Psychiatric Nurses Association Position: Staffing Inpatient Psychiatric Units. J Am Psychiatr Nurses Assoc 2024; 30:886-895. [PMID: 37698389 DOI: 10.1177/10783903231198247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE An American Psychiatric Nurses Association (APNA) task force reviewed current staffing research to revise and update the 2011 APNA "Staffing inpatient psychiatric units" position paper and provide recommendations to the APNA Board of Directors on how psychiatric mental health (PMH) nurses might champion the staffing needs of inpatient psychiatric units. METHODS Current research on staffing and nursing practice in inpatient psychiatric units was reviewed as well as variables believed to influence staffing and nursing practice, such as consumer needs and workplace culture. Since current nurse staffing principles emphasize nursing value and how that value is connected to outcomes, the literature search included a focus on staffing and related patient outcomes. RESULTS PMH nurses are critical to the safety and quality of care in inpatient psychiatric units. However, there are little existing data on the relationship between staffing levels and even common adverse events such as staff injury and restraint of patients. Furthermore, there is scant research conducted on inpatient psychiatric units that informs optimal staffing models or establishes links between staffing and patient outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Consistent with current evidence, the universal use of a single method or model of determining staffing needs (e.g., nursing hours per, case mix index, or mandatory ratios) is not recommended. PMH nurses should champion systematic evaluation of staffing on their inpatient units against select patient, nurse, and system outcomes. A data repository of PMH nurse-sensitive outcomes is necessary to benchmark unit performance and staffing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celeste Johnson
- Celeste Johnson, DNP, APRN, PMH CNS, CMJ Behavioral Health Consulting, LLC, Garland, TX, USA
| | - Kathleen R Delaney
- Kathleen R. Delaney, PhD, PMH-NP, FAAN, Rush University College of Nursing, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Avni Cirpili
- Avni Cirpili, DNP, RN, Vanderbilt Psychiatric Hospital, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Suzie Marriott
- Suzie Marriott, MS, RN, PMH-BC, Stony Brook Eastern Long Island Hospital, Port Jefferson Station, NY, USA
| | - Janette O'Connor
- Janette O'Connor, MS, BS, BSN, RN, PMH-BC, New York Presbyterian Hospital, White Plains, NY, USA
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Aunjitsakul W, Jongbowonwiwat K, Lambe S, Freeman D, McLeod HJ, Gumley A. Exploring stigma, shame, and safety behaviours in social anxiety and paranoia amongst people diagnosed with schizophrenia. Behav Cogn Psychother 2024:1-15. [PMID: 39205504 DOI: 10.1017/s1352465824000225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social anxiety and paranoia are connected by a shared suspicion framework. Based on cognitive-behavioural approaches, there is evidence for treating social anxiety and psychosis. However, mechanisms underlying the relationship between social anxiety and paranoia remain unclear. AIMS To investigate mediators between social anxiety and paranoia in schizophrenia such as negative social appraisals (i.e. stigma or shame; Hypothesis 1), and safety behaviours (i.e. anxious avoidance or in situ safety behaviours; Hypothesis 2). METHOD A cross-sectional study was conducted among Asian out-patients with schizophrenia (January-April 2020). Data on social anxiety, paranoia, depression, shame, stigma, anxious avoidance, and in situ behaviours were collected. Associations between social anxiety and paranoia were investigated using linear regressions. Mediation analysis via 10,000 bias-corrected bootstrap samples with 95% confidence intervals (CI) was used to test the indirect effects (ab) of mediators. RESULTS Participants (n=113, 59.3% male) with a mean age of 44.2 years were recruited. A linear relationship between social anxiety and paranoia was found. In multiple mediation analyses (co-varying for depression), stigma and shame (Hypothesis 1) did not show any significant indirect effects with ab=.004 (95%CI=-.013, .031) and -.003 (-.023, .017), respectively, whereas in situ behaviours (Hypothesis 2) showed a significant effect with ab=.110 (.038, .201) through the social anxiety-paranoia relationship. CONCLUSIONS Social anxiety and paranoia are positively correlated. In situ safety behaviours fully mediated the social anxiety and paranoia relationship. Targeted interventions focusing on safety behaviours could help reduce paranoia in psychosis. Symptom severity should be measured to help characterise the participants' characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warut Aunjitsakul
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kreuwan Jongbowonwiwat
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Sinead Lambe
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Daniel Freeman
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Hamish J McLeod
- School of Health and Wellbeing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Andrew Gumley
- School of Health and Wellbeing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Zaragoza Bernal JM. Mental health, subjective experiences and environmental change. MEDICAL HUMANITIES 2024; 50:417-420. [PMID: 38649267 PMCID: PMC11347227 DOI: 10.1136/medhum-2023-012879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
This article responds to Coope's call for the medical humanities to address the climate crisis as a health issue. Coope proposes three areas for progress towards ecological thinking in healthcare, with a focus on ecological mental health. The article emphasises the need to understand the cultural dimensions of mental health and proposes an interdisciplinary approach that integrates insights from the arts and humanities. It examines the impact of climate change on mental health, drawing on The Rockefeller Foundation - Lancet Commission on Planetary Health and recent studies. The discussion focuses on the intersection of mental health, subjective experience and environmental change. Focusing on emotional experiences as constructed from biological and cultural elements, the article proposes a holistic approach to mental health. It proposes two converging lines of research, in constant interaction: first, a historical and cultural research of those concepts, practices and symbols related to the environment, emphasising a cultural history of nature; and second, a synchronous research, drawing on anthropology, sociology and participatory art-based research, to understand how these aforementioned elements influence our current relations with nature. The article concludes by emphasising the urgency of developing narratives and histories that redirect temporal trajectories towards a better future, while respecting and acknowledging diverse narratives of individual experience. It calls for collaborative efforts from the medical humanities to contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the complex relationship between mental health, nature and ecological crisis.
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Feliciano L, Erdal K, Sandal GM. Attitudes towards depression and its treatment among white, hispanic, and multiracial adults. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:441. [PMID: 39143581 PMCID: PMC11325710 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01804-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is present in all societies and affects members of all racial and ethnic groups. However, attitudes about depression differ across groups and have been shown to impact help-seeking behaviors, preferences for treatments, and compliance with treatments. METHODS Taking a cross-cultural approach, this project used a case vignette of depression to examine race/ethnic group differences in attitudes about depression and its treatment among young adults in the U.S. RESULTS Data analyses revealed significant racial/ethnic group differences in attitudes as well as the treatments/strategies participants reported they would use. Gender x race/ethnicity interactions revealed that White and Multiracial/ethnic men were more likely to believe the vignette character should find a partner to help with symptoms, while White and Multiracial/ethnic women did not endorse those strategies. Hispanic men and women did not show a gender difference in that strategy, but gender differences were observed in other strategies. In a rare comparison, majority-minority Multiracial/ethnic participants (i.e., White selected as one of their races/ethnicities) rated identified helpers and treatments similarly to White participants and significantly higher than multiple-minority Multiracial participants (i.e., White not selected as one of their races/ethnicities). CONCLUSIONS Findings supported previous research that indicates different U.S. racial/ethnic group ideas of depression and its treatment are potentially linked with cultural values, and we suggest that investigating these more fine-grained group differences can help to inform treating professionals as well as public health messages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilani Feliciano
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, CO, USA
| | - Kristi Erdal
- Department of Psychology, Colorado College, 14 East Cache la Poudre Street, Colorado Springs, CO, 80903, USA
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Neher T, Smith M, Rossetto K, Mujak I, Romero A, Griffin K. Understanding Community Perceptions on the Role of Schools in Youth Mental Health. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2024. [PMID: 39117586 DOI: 10.1111/josh.13493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Youth mental health rates of depression and anxiety continue to climb. Schools have a role to play to support youth mental health but often struggle to navigate community expectations. METHODS Focus groups (n = 17) were conducted with over 100 participants to understand community perceptions on the role of schools. RESULTS Three themes emerged around what schools should be doing: (1) provide accurate education about mental health, (2) create mental health promoting environments that positively supports young people, and (3) act as a common space to bring community members and organizations together for their young people. IMPLICATIONS FOR SCHOOL HEALTH POLICY, PRACTICE, AND EQUITY School professionals and systems should be equipped to adequately address youth mental health. The current US institutional response to this crisis is underdeveloped and exacerbates equity issues and health outcome disparities. Schools need institutional support for addressing mental health in ways that incorporate building a shared understanding with families and providing efforts to prevent and detect rather than just treat mental health. CONCLUSIONS Schools should work with their communities to promote shared understanding and accountability for all to engage in building rich protective environments that promote mental well-being for kids in their care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Neher
- School of Public and Population Health, Boise State University, 1910 University Drive, Boise, ID, 83725, USA
| | - Megan Smith
- School of Public and Population Health, Boise State University, 1910 University Drive, Boise, ID, 83725, USA
| | - Kelly Rossetto
- Department of Communication, Boise State University, 1910 University Drive, Boise, ID, 83725, USA
| | - Irma Mujak
- School of Public and Population Health, Boise State University, 1910 University Drive, Boise, ID, 83725, USA
| | - Alyssa Romero
- School of Public and Population Health, Boise State University, 1910 University Drive, Boise, ID, 83725, USA
| | - Kaydin Griffin
- School of Public and Population Health, Boise State University, 1910 University Drive, Boise, ID, 83725, USA
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Espinosa PR, Johnson-Esparza Y, López G, Benson J, Moss NC, Avila-Rieger R, Venner K, Verney SP. The development and current directions of a diversity specialty clinic: Implications for multicultural training in psychology. TRAINING AND EDUCATION IN PROFESSIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 2024; 18:221-229. [PMID: 39081902 PMCID: PMC11286226 DOI: 10.1037/tep0000465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Addressing systemic injustices and racism in training and clinical service provision are key next steps in clinical science. While the APA Multicultural Guidelines and accreditation standards have long emphasized this need, most graduate programs offer a single course on diversity, equity, and inclusion topics, which is inadequate to train and sustain culturally humble providers and redress systemic injustices and racism within psychology. Few "real-world" examples exist to guide the development of training models. We provide background on the development and components of a specialty clinic, the University of New Mexico's Cultural Counseling Center, whose mission is providing culturally informed clinical services to diverse clientele, and to infuse multicultural training throughout the graduate program. Informed by the racial-spatial framework for psychology and critical race theory, we describe our approach intended to: 1) offer applications for the operationalization and delivery of multicultural and antiracist training; 2) enhance supervisory models; and 3) increase awareness of structural competence. Our clinic, developed collaboratively among students and faculty, serves as a safe forum for dialogue around structural injustices and seeks to improve treatment for diverse clients and those underserved in mental health care. We discuss issues of student and faculty engagement and offer the perspectives of faculty and students of color, case examples illustrating our services, and current efforts to expand and formalize community collaborations. We offer a model that integrates coursework, informal activities, and multicultural supervision for comprehensive student training and that promotes a departmental culture of dialogue and support around equity, diversity, and justice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Rodriguez Espinosa
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA (previously at the University of New Mexico, Psychology Department)
| | - Yajaira Johnson-Esparza
- Department of Family & Community Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX
| | - Gabriela López
- Brown University Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Providence, RI
| | | | | | | | - Kamilla Venner
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
- Center on Alcohol, Substance Use, & Addiction (CASAA), University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Steven P Verney
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
- Psychology Clinical Neuroscience Center, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
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Premasinghe I, Nagy GA, Gonzalez-Guarda RM, McCabe BE, Stafford AM. Determining the role of acculturative stress in predicting mental health service use among Latinx immigrants. ETHNICITY & HEALTH 2024; 29:645-664. [PMID: 38813734 PMCID: PMC11272426 DOI: 10.1080/13557858.2024.2359393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Acculturative stress is an important factor that affects health for Latinx immigrants in the US, with multiple studies identifying a link between depression and acculturative stress in this population. However, far fewer studies have examined the specific role and relationship of acculturative stress on mental health service use in this population. Through the lens of Yang's 2016 Model of Immigrant Health Service Use, this study aimed to examine the role of acculturative stress in predicting mental health service use in a sample of Latinx immigrants in the Southeast US. DESIGN We conducted a secondary data analysis from a longitudinal study of Latinx immigrant health (n = 391). RESULTS Our study found that while total acculturative stress was not significantly associated with mental health service use in this sample, parenting stress was a significant predictor of mental health service use in the past six months when controlling for covariates (OR: 1.043, 95% CI [1.009, 1.078]). Additionally, important Predisposing and Need for Healthcare factors were significantly associated with mental health service use, specifically: males were less likely to utilize mental health services than females (OR: 0.401, 95% CI [0.166-0.968]), English language acculturation was positively associated with mental health service use (OR: 1.953, 95% CI [1.130, 3.377]), and depression was positively associated with mental health service use (OR: 1.107, 95% CI [1.027, 1.194]). CONCLUSION These findings support the need for more culturally sensitive mental health services, and the need to develop strategies to engage males and less acculturated individuals in mental health services to promote health equity among Latinx immigrants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriela A. Nagy
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | | | - Brian E. McCabe
- Department of Special Education Rehabilitation, and Counseling (SERC), Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
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Gringart E, Adams C, Woodward F. Older Adults' Perspectives on Voluntary Assisted Death: An In-Depth Qualitative Investigation in Australia. OMEGA-JOURNAL OF DEATH AND DYING 2024; 89:1026-1046. [PMID: 35422170 DOI: 10.1177/00302228221090066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Interest in voluntary assisted death (VAD) has been growing among researchers, policy makers and the public. This study aimed to explore older adults' perspectives on VAD in Australia. Using purposive sampling, 15 adults ≥65 years participated in in-depth semi-structured interviews. Interpretative phenomenological analysis identified four themes: cultural reflections; beliefs and worldviews; health aspects; and fabric of life. Participants expressed a desire to have control over end-of-life options, challenged by religious beliefs. Participants expressed concern that VAD legislation could leave people vulnerable to coercion and saw a need for safeguards. Reasons for and against supporting and utilising VAD were discussed. Physical illness was seen a more compelling reason for VAD than mental ill-health. Finally, connections to life and other were discussed, and being able to do the things one loved were named aspects of what it meant to live a good life. Implications are discussed along with future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyal Gringart
- School of Arts and Humanities, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Claire Adams
- School of Arts and Humanities, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Faye Woodward
- School of Arts and Humanities, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
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Prakash GH, Kumar DS, Arun V, Hegde S, Yadav D, Gopi A. Prevalence and correlates of depression, anxiety, and stress among adolescents in urban and rural areas of Mysuru, South India. J Family Med Prim Care 2024; 13:2979-2985. [PMID: 39228649 PMCID: PMC11368326 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1600_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Adolescence, a volatile period of growth between the ages of 10 and 19, is associated with increased vulnerability to mental health problems. Factors such as academic pressure can contribute to these challenges. Objectives The current study aimed to evaluate the factors and prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress among adolescents in the urban and rural areas of Mysuru district. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in private high schools in both urban and rural regions. Prior permission and informed consent were obtained from participants and their legal guardians aged 18 years and older. Results The gender distribution in urban areas was 60.2% female and 39.8% male, while in rural areas, it was 51% male and 49% female. The prevalence of depression was higher in rural (39.3%) than in urban areas (24.2%), while anxiety was more prevalent in urban (50.6%) than in rural areas (49%). Stress was also more common in rural (16.6%) than urban adolescents (14.6%). Factors significantly associated with mental health outcomes included monthly family income, parenting practices, academic pressures, and self-esteem. Key needs identified were mobile mental health applications, online counseling services, and access to school counselors. Conclusion This study provides insights into the prevalence and correlates of common mental health issues among adolescents in this region of South India. The findings emphasize the necessity of providing mobile applications and offline counseling services to effectively support and meet the needs of adolescents in these settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Hari Prakash
- Department of Community Medicine, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - D. Sunil Kumar
- Department of Community Medicine, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Vanishri Arun
- Department of Information Science and Engineering, Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering, JSS Science and Technological University, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Saurish Hegde
- Department of Community Medicine, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Deepika Yadav
- Department of Community Medicine, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Arun Gopi
- Department of Community Medicine, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
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Hart W, Garrison K, Lambert JT, Hall BT. Don't Worry About Being You: Relations Between Perceived Authenticity and Mental Health are Due to Self-Esteem and Executive Functioning. Psychol Rep 2024:332941241267712. [PMID: 39058357 DOI: 10.1177/00332941241267712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Numerous studies show that perceived authenticity is a reliable predictor of mental health outcomes. To expand on these studies, we examined whether such relations could be due to perceived authenticity's confounding with both self-esteem and executive functioning. A representative sample of US participants (N = 446; Mage = 46.10; 51.1% female; 78.0% White) completed measures of perceived authenticity, self-esteem, executive functioning, and various indicators of mental health (e.g., subjective wellbeing, depression). At the bivariate level, perceived authenticity had a positive, large correlation with a mental health composite. However, after controlling for self-esteem and executive functioning, this relationship became nonsignificant and trivial in size. The findings extend basic understanding of how self-relevant constructs contribute to mental health and suggest advice for individuals looking to capitalize on evidence linking perceived authenticity to mental health benefits: Build a strong base of self-worth and exercise agency.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Hart
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Katie Garrison
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Joshua T Lambert
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Braden T Hall
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
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Ermita KC, Rosenthal DM. Exploring Mental Health Services for Youth Experiencing Homelessness in East Asian Pacific Regions: A Systematic Scoping Review. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:864. [PMID: 39062313 PMCID: PMC11275148 DOI: 10.3390/children11070864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Youth experiencing homelessness (YEH) in East Asian Pacific (EAP) regions represent one of the most at-risk populations due to cultural and geographical factors. Effective mental health interventions, primarily researched in Western contexts, may not fully apply to YEH in EAP. Their lack of stable shelter, disrupted social networks, and limited access to mental health services elevate their susceptibility to adverse mental health, making urgent interventions essential to address their needs. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to explore and systematically search the types of mental health services and interventions available for YEH in EAP and their impact on overall quality of life and wellbeing. METHODS Electronic databases (e.g., Medline, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus) were systematically searched (publication dates between 1 January 1990 and 13 May 2023), as well as additional online resources specific to homelessness. Articles were screened, and a critical appraisal assessed the quality of the included studies. RESULTS Eight studies with different interventions were identified in Indonesia (n = 2), Malaysia (n = 1), South Korea (n = 3), and the Philippines (n = 1). These were thematically clustered into six categories: art, cognitive behavioural therapy, life skills education, resilience enhancement, family strengthening, and government interventions/services. CONCLUSIONS This review highlights effective mental health interventions' positive impact on YEH mental health outcomes and quality of life in EAP, stressing the urgent need to implement socio-culturally sensitive services. Future research should address knowledge gaps through comprehensive studies covering diverse EAP regions and populations, prioritising socio-culturally specific psychological measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley Cortez Ermita
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK;
| | - Diana Margot Rosenthal
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK;
- UCL Collaborative Centre for Inclusion Health, University College London, London WC1E 7HB, UK
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, New York University School of Global Public Health, New York, NY 10003, USA
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Mkubwa B, Angwenyi V, Nzioka B, Newton CR, Sijbrandij M, Abubakar A. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices on child and adolescent mental health among healthcare workers in sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping review. Int J Ment Health Syst 2024; 18:27. [PMID: 39014469 PMCID: PMC11253363 DOI: 10.1186/s13033-024-00644-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Child and adolescent mental health is a global priority. In sub-Saharan Africa, despite the high burden, there is a gap in health services for children and adolescents with mental health disorders. To bridge this gap, healthcare workers require a good understanding of child and adolescent mental health, the right attitude, and practices geared to improving child and adolescent mental health. This scoping review examined the knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to child and adolescent mental health among sub-Saharan African healthcare workers. METHODS The search was restricted between January 2010, the year when the Mental Health Gap Action Programme guidelines were launched, and April 2024. The review followed the methodological framework proposed by Arksey and O'Malley for conducting scoping reviews. The databases searched included CINHAL, PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and grey literature databases. Additional articles were identified through cited references of the studies included. A data extraction template was used to retrieve relevant text. A narrative synthesis approach was adopted to explore the relationships within and between the included studies. RESULTS The literature search yielded 4658 studies. Among these, 817 were identified as duplicates, and 3740 were excluded after screening. Only twenty-one articles met the criteria for inclusion in the review. The findings showed that healthcare workers have insufficient knowledge of child and adolescent mental health, hold negative attitudes toward children and adolescents with mental health problems, and exhibit poor practices related to child and adolescent mental health. CONCLUSION It is crucial to build capacity and improve healthcare workers' practices, knowledge, and attitudes toward child and adolescent mental health in sub-Saharan Africa. This could lead to better access to mental health services for children and adolescents in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Mkubwa
- Institute for Human Development, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya.
- Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, WHO Collaborating Center for Research and Dissemination of Psychological Interventions, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Vibian Angwenyi
- Institute for Human Development, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Brenda Nzioka
- Institute for Human Development, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Charles R Newton
- Institute for Human Development, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya
- Neuroscience Unit, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust, Center for Geographic Medicine Research Coast, Kilifi, Kenya
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Marit Sijbrandij
- Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, WHO Collaborating Center for Research and Dissemination of Psychological Interventions, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Amina Abubakar
- Institute for Human Development, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya
- Neuroscience Unit, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust, Center for Geographic Medicine Research Coast, Kilifi, Kenya
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Peters U, Sherling HR, Chin-Yee B. Hasty generalizations and generics in medical research: A systematic review. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0306749. [PMID: 38968284 PMCID: PMC11226088 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0306749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
It is unknown to what extent medical researchers generalize study findings beyond their samples when their sample size, sample diversity, or knowledge of conditions that support external validity do not warrant it. It is also unknown to what extent medical researchers describe their results with precise quantifications or unquantified generalizations, i.e., generics, that can obscure variations between individuals. We therefore systematically reviewed all prospective studies (n = 533) published in the top four highest ranking medical journals, Lancet, New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM), Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), and the British Medical Journal (BMJ), from January 2022 to May 2023. We additionally reviewed all NEJM Journal Watch clinical research summaries (n = 143) published during the same time. Of all research articles reporting prospective studies, 52.5% included generalizations beyond specific national study populations, with the numbers of articles with generics varying significantly between journals (JAMA = 12%; Lancet = 77%) (p < 0.001, V = 0.48). There was no evidence that articles containing broader generalizations or generics were correlated with larger or more nationally diverse samples. Moreover, only 10.2% of articles with generalizations beyond specific national populations reported external validity strengthening factors that could potentially support such extrapolations. There was no evidence that original research articles and NEJM Journal Watch summaries intended for practitioners differed in their use of broad generalizations, including generics. Finally, from the journal with the highest citation impact, articles containing broader conclusions were correlated with more citations. Since there was no evidence that studies with generalizations beyond specific national study populations or with generics were associated with larger, more nationally diverse samples, or with reports of population similarity that may permit extensions of conclusions, our findings suggest that the generalizations in many articles were insufficiently supported. Caution against overly broad generalizations in medical research is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Peters
- Department of Philosophy, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Benjamin Chin-Yee
- Department of History and Philosophy of Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Canada
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Mercera G, Kooijmans R, Leijdesdorff S, Heynen E, van Amelsvoort T. Risk and Protective Factors for Sexual Exploitation in Male and Female Youth From a Cross-Cultural Perspective: A Systematic Review. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2024; 25:1966-1984. [PMID: 37818954 DOI: 10.1177/15248380231201815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Youth are at elevated risk of becoming victims of sexual exploitation, which has a detrimental impact on their physical and psychological well-being. Understanding factors associated with sexual exploitation is key for prevention efforts and adequate and timely treatment. This systematic review sheds more light on this by providing an overview of both risk and protective factors for sexual exploitation in male and female youth from a cross-cultural perspective. In all, 65 studies were selected meeting the inclusion criteria: qualitative or quantitative peer-reviewed studies in English, Dutch, or German with findings on risk and protective factors associated with sexual exploitation in youth aged up to 24 years. Results show that there are common risk factors in male and female youth worldwide (e.g., adverse childhood experiences, lack of a social network, substance use, and running away). Positive and supportive relationships are an important protective factor in mitigating the risk of sexual exploitation. Geographic differences were found. In non-Western continents, more environmental factors (e.g., economic vulnerabilities, residential instability) were cited. Research in countries outside the United States is limited and protective factors and males are underexamined. To fully understand vulnerabilities in youth, their interactions, and possible gender differences and to address the needs of diverse populations, more insight should be gained into the broader range of risk and protective factors worldwide. This systematic review has made a valuable contribution to this by providing practice, policy, and research guidance in the establishment of more targeted prevention efforts, adequate treatment, and areas to address in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriëlle Mercera
- Koraal Center of Expertise, Sittard, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| | - Roel Kooijmans
- Koraal Center of Expertise, Sittard, The Netherlands
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sophie Leijdesdorff
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| | - Evelyn Heynen
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Open University, Heerlen, The Netherlands
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Wang X, Xu J, Sun X, Chen Y, Pang C, Zang S. Network analysis of the urban-rural differences in depressive symptoms among older adults with multiple chronic conditions: Evidence from a national survey. Geriatr Nurs 2024; 58:480-487. [PMID: 38968651 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2024.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence on the differences in depressive symptoms among older adults with multiple chronic conditions (MCCs) in urban and rural areas is limited. METHODS Measures of depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale-10) and demographic factors (age, gender, and urban-rural distribution) were used. RESULTS A total of 4021 older adults with MCCs were included in this study. Significant differences were observed in both network global strength (Urban: 3.989 vs. Rural: 3.703, S = 0.286, p = 0.003) and network structure (M = 0.139, p = 0.002) between urban and rural residents. CONCLUSIONS The study highlights the need for region-specific approaches to understanding and addressing depression and holds the potential to enhance understanding of the psychological health status of older adults with MCCs in urban and rural settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wang
- Department of Community Nursing, School of Nursing, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiayi Xu
- Department of Community Nursing, School of Nursing, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xuange Sun
- Department of Community Nursing, School of Nursing, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu Chen
- School of Nursing, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chang Pang
- Department of General Practice, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenyang Medical College
| | - Shuang Zang
- Department of Community Nursing, School of Nursing, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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Doron E, Tobis S, Domaradzki J. Intercultural therapy with Ultra-Orthodox Jews in Israel: the complexity of the encounter between secular therapists and Haredi clients. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1356242. [PMID: 38962239 PMCID: PMC11220482 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1356242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper explores the exceptional intercultural encounter between secular therapists and Ultra-Orthodox Jews in Israel, focusing on two key aspects. Firstly, it explores the distinctive attributes and conflicts inherent in treating Ultra-Orthodox individuals. On the one hand is the secular Israeli therapist, whose base is in Western philosophy that prioritizes individuality, cultural diversity, and tolerance of differences. On the other hand is the Haredi client, entrenched in values from Jewish tradition and religious principles that amplify solidarity and collectivism while rejecting prevalent secular culture. The existing socio-political climate in Israel often positions these two as potentially conflicting cultures. Secondly, the paper seeks to illuminate the uncommon dynamics of the minority-majority power balance within the therapeutic relationship. In contrast to prevalent literature in intercultural therapy, which typically frames the client as a representative of a disadvantaged minority and the therapist as a representative of a dominant majority, this article aims to unravel a nuanced power balance, where those in the minority perceive the dominant culture both as a threat to its way of life and as a despised entity, but paradoxically rely entirely on its financial support. This reveals a complex and intricate interplay of dominance and dependence, shaping a therapeutic relationship that defies conventional expectations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sławomir Tobis
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Jan Domaradzki
- Department of Social Sciences and the Humanities, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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Alyousef SM, Alhamidi SA. Nursing student perspectives on improving mental health support services at university in Saudi Arabia - a qualitative study. J Ment Health 2024:1-7. [PMID: 38840521 DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2024.2361224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND University students' needs for mental health (MH) services are an important aspect of academic success or failure. Nursing students enrolled at Saudi Arabian universities in need of MH care encounter obstacles in accessing this type of care. AIMS The present work explores students' views and suggestions about the existing problems surrounding university students' MH and well-being support services. METHODS Twenty students enrolled in a Master of Nursing program were recruited as research participants. Individual interviews of students' perceptions of the needs and availability of MH services during their studies provided inductive data. These data were analysed through a constructivist thematic method. FINDINGS Three major themes and sub-themes regarding the issues and possibilities of MH services were distinguished from the research data, namely, social implications, access and opportunity, and ways to improve care. Participants emphasised a need for a university-wide approach to reforming MH services to provide students with the required support and alleviate service demand by qualified professionals. CONCLUSION The present work underscores the need for provision of good quality MH care for university students and health promotion which strives to reduce stigma related to MH care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seham Mansour Alyousef
- Community and Psychiatric Department, Nursing College, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami Abdulrahman Alhamidi
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Nursing College, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Saintila J, Pizarro-Ramírez EL, Acosta Enríquez ME, Zanga-Céspedes M, Calizaya-Milla YE. Religious Involvement, Vegetarian Diet, and Mental Well-Being Among Seventh-day Adventists in Peru. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2024:10.1007/s10943-024-02071-y. [PMID: 38831207 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-024-02071-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Mental well-being is conditioned by several factors, including religious involvement and diet. However, this evidence does not exist among members of the Seventh-day Adventist Church (SDA) in Latin America, particularly Peru. This study evaluated the association between religious involvement and vegetarian diet with mental well-being in members of the SDA Church in Peru. In this cross-sectional study, the sample included 767 participants, aged 18 to 59 years. A face-to-face and online survey was administered that included information on the dietary regimen and sociodemographic characteristics. Religious involvement and mental well-being were measured using the 12-item version of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) and the Duke University Religion Index (DUREL), respectively. A multivariate analysis was conducted to investigate the factors associated with mental well-being. Being female (β = 1.80, p < 0.001), coming from the highland region (β = 1.98, p < 0.001), having a basic educational degree (β = 1.85, p < 0.001), a higher level of religious involvement (β = 0.34, p < 0.001), and being vegetarian (β = 1.21, p < 0.001) were associated with greater mental well-being. This evidence highlights the implication of religious participation and a vegetarian diet in mental health, not only among SDA church members but also in a broader context. However, it should be recognized that direct transfer of church-based health promotion interventions and strategies to the general population can present challenges; therefore, it is suggested that these strategies should be adapted and adjusted to consider differences in the community context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacksaint Saintila
- Research Group for Nutrition and Healthy Behaviors, School of Medicine, Universidad Señor de Sipán, Km 5, Carretera a Pimentel, 14001, Chiclayo, Lambayeque, Peru.
| | | | | | | | - Yaquelin E Calizaya-Milla
- Research Group for Nutrition and Lifestyle, School of Human Nutrition, Universidad Peruana Unión, Chosica, Lima 15, Peru.
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Pina I, Gilfellon L, Webster S, Henderson EJ, Oliver EJ. 'Severe mental illness': Uses of this term in physical health support policy, primary care practice, and academic discourses in the United Kingdom. SSM - MENTAL HEALTH 2024; 5:100314. [PMID: 38910841 PMCID: PMC11188150 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmmh.2024.100314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The term severe mental illness (SMI) is often used in academic work, primary care practice, and policy, acknowledging the health disparities experienced by, and need for improved support for, this population. However, here we draw from the varied experiences of our authorship team to reflect on some problematic operationalisations of the term SMI and its usage, specifically in policy, primary care practice, and academic discourses in England and the UK. Benefits of the SMI label in accessing specialised services are evident but, in this commentary, we start a discussion on its necessity and unintended consequences for wider health support. We focus on physical health support specifically. We hope that this commentary encourages dialogue among practitioners, researchers, stakeholders and commissioners concerning wider uses of the term SMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Pina
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Emily J. Oliver
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
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Yan G, Zhang Y, Wang S, Yan Y, Liu M, Tian M, Tian W. Global, regional, and national temporal trend in burden of major depressive disorder from 1990 to 2019: An analysis of the global burden of disease study. Psychiatry Res 2024; 337:115958. [PMID: 38772160 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. Comprehensive description of the global burden of MDD and its attributable risk factors is essential for policymaking but currently lacking. In this study, we aim to estimate the burden of MDD in terms of incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability (YLDs), along with its attributable risk factors at global, regional, and rational level between 1990 and 2019, using data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019. Data analysis was completed on July 1, 2023. In 2019, 274.80 million (95 % uncertainty interval [UI], 241.28 to 312.77) new cases of MDD were identified globally, with an increase of 59 % from 1990. A total of 37.20 million (25.65 to 51.22) YLDs were attributable to MDD, accounting for the largest proportion of mental disorder YLDs (29.7 %). Countries in the low sociodemographic index quantile exhibited the highest age-standardized incidence rate of MDD, with Uganda (7836.2, per 100,000 person-years, 6713.7 to 9181.1) and Palestine (7687.7, 6546.1 to 9023.9) reporting the highest rates among them. The United States had the highest increase in age-standardized rates, with an average annual percent change of 0.99. Females had 1.6 times higher age-standardised rates than males, ranging from 1.2 (Oceania) to 2.2 (tropical Latin America) times across 21 regions. Globally, the proportions of YLDs due to MDD attributable to bullying victimization, childhood sexual abuse, and intimate partner violence were 4.86 %, 5.46 %, and 8.43 % in 2019, respectively. The heavy burden of MDD serves as a stark reminder that a coordinated response from governments and health communities is urgently needed to scale up mental health services and implement effective interventions, particularly in low-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangcan Yan
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yafeng Zhang
- Institute for Hospital Management of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shanjie Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yun Yan
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Meina Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
| | - Maoyi Tian
- School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
| | - Wei Tian
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; Department of Cell Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.
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Cameron L, McCauley M, van den Broek N, McCauley H. The occurrence of and factors associated with mental ill-health amongst humanitarian aid workers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0292107. [PMID: 38748709 PMCID: PMC11095667 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Humanitarian crises and disasters affect millions of people worldwide. Humanitarian aid workers are civilians or professionals who respond to disasters and provide humanitarian assistance. In doing so, they face several stressors and traumatic exposures. Humanitarian aid workers also face unique challenges associated with working in unfamiliar settings. OBJECTIVE To determine the occurrence of and factors associated with mental ill-health among humanitarian aid workers. SEARCH STRATEGY CINAHL plus, Cochrane library, Global Health, Medline, PubMed, Web of Science were searched from 2005-2020. Grey literature was searched on Google Scholar. SELECTION CRITERIA PRISMA guidelines were followed and after double screening, studies reporting occurrence of mental ill-health were included. Individual narratives and case studies were excluded, as were studies that reported outcomes in non-humanitarian aid workers. DATA ANALYSIS Data on occurrence of mental ill-health and associated factors were independently extracted and combined in a narrative summary. A random effects logistic regression model was used for the meta-analysis. MAIN RESULTS Nine studies were included with a total of 3619 participants, reporting on five types of mental ill-health (% occurrence) including psychological distress (6.5%-52.8%); burnout (8.5%-32%); anxiety (3.8%-38.5%); depression (10.4%-39.0%) and post-traumatic stress disorder (0% to 25%). Hazardous drinking of alcohol ranged from 16.2%-50.0%. Meta-analysis reporting OR (95% CI) among humanitarian aid workers, for psychological distress was 0.45 (0.12-1.64); burnout 0.34 (0.27-0.44); anxiety 0.22 (0.10-0.51); depression 0.32 (0.18-0.57) and PTSD 0.11 (0.03-0.39). Associated factors included young age, being female and pre-existing mental ill-health. CONCLUSIONS Mental ill-health is common among humanitarian aid workers, has a negative impact on personal well-being, and on a larger scale reduces the efficacy of humanitarian organisations with delivery of aid and retention of staff. It is imperative that mental ill-health is screened for, detected and treated in humanitarian aid workers, before, during and after their placements. It is essential to implement psychologically protective measures for individuals working in stressful and traumatic crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily Cameron
- Centre for Maternal and Newborn Health, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Mary McCauley
- Liverpool Women’s Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | - Hannah McCauley
- Centre for Maternal and Newborn Health, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Eljack IA, Sakr H, Alhalafi A, Alsoloule AA, Alghamdi AA, Suhaim MA, Alshehri MT, Aljuhani SA, Alelyani BM, Alamri MM. Enhancing COVID-19 Risk Mitigation in Bisha City Primary Schools: Investigating Teacher and Administrative Staff Awareness Through a Comprehensive Survey. Cureus 2024; 16:e61337. [PMID: 38947569 PMCID: PMC11213999 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.61337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and aims This research investigates COVID-19 awareness among primary school teachers and staff in Bisha City. It aims to enhance safety protocols by examining knowledge, awareness levels, and demographic associations. Despite school reopening, concerns linger. The study promotes informed decision-making, fostering a safer school environment and contributing to the well-being of the educational community. Methods In an institutional-based cross-sectional study among primary school teachers and administrative staff in Bisha City, our research aimed to comprehensively evaluate awareness regarding specific measures for minimizing COVID-19 risks. With a sample size of 348 participants, we employed a robust methodology, including online questionnaires addressing sociodemographic characteristics and knowledge about COVID-19 risks. The data collection period spanned from March 2022 to December 2023, providing a temporal context for responses. A pilot test ensured questionnaire clarity, and efforts were made to enhance reliability and validity, incorporating validated scales and iterative adjustments based on feedback. Non-response or incomplete responses were handled transparently, with sensitivity analyses to assess potential impact. The awareness level was measured using 17 Likert scale questions, and predefined categories (poor, moderate, and good) facilitated result interpretation. Researcher influence was minimized through training and inter-rater reliability checks. Confidentiality and anonymity were rigorously maintained, adhering to ethical considerations. Statistical analyses employed frequency tables, percentages, mean, standard deviations, and the chi-square test. Dissemination included academic publications, reports to the educational directorate, and presentations at conferences. This holistic approach contributes to the robustness and societal impact of our study, offering insights into COVID-19 awareness among educators in Bisha City. Results In this study assessing awareness among teachers and administrative staff in Bisha City regarding COVID-19 risk minimization, data from 348 respondents revealed key bio-demographic characteristics. The majority demonstrated good knowledge of environmental (83%) and personal hygiene risks (84%). The chi-square test indicated no significant associations between bio-demographic factors and awareness levels. Specifically, for age groups, χ²(4, N = 348) = 5.46, p = 0.707; for gender, χ²(1, N = 348) = 1.95, p = 0.744; for educational levels, χ²(4, N = 348) = 2.13, p = 0.995; for residency, χ²(1, N = 348) = 1.11, p = 0.892; and for job types, χ²(3, N = 348) = 8.30, p = 0.404. The absence of significant associations underscores the potential universality of successful awareness campaigns, suggesting that future efforts can maintain an inclusive approach without tailoring messages. These results emphasize the importance of sustained awareness efforts across the diverse demographic spectrum of the educational community. Conclusion This study reveals robust COVID-19 awareness among primary school teachers and staff in Bisha City, with no significant demographic associations. Successful, inclusive awareness campaigns can further enhance safety measures and promote well-being in the educational community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim A Eljack
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha, SAU
| | - Hanan Sakr
- Department of Child Health, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha, SAU
| | - Abdullah Alhalafi
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha, SAU
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Kabunga A, Namata H, Kigongo E, Musinguzi M, Tumwesigye R, Auma AG, Nabaziwa J, Shikanga EM, Okalo P, Nalwoga V, Udho S. Exploring Effective Approaches: Integrating Mental Health Services into HIV Clinics in Northern Uganda. HIV AIDS (Auckl) 2024; 16:165-174. [PMID: 38706528 PMCID: PMC11069383 DOI: 10.2147/hiv.s459461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Integrating mental health services into HIV clinics is recognized as a promising strategy. However, the literature reveals gaps, particularly in the unique context of Northern Uganda, where factors such as historical conflict, stigma, and limited resources pose potential barriers. Material and Methods This qualitative study, conducted between October and November 2023, employed a phenomenological design. The study involved primary healthcare facilities across diverse urban and rural settings, focusing on healthcare providers, village health teams, and service users. A purposive sampling approach ensured diverse demographics and perspectives. In-depth interviews and focus group discussions were conducted, with healthcare providers and service users participating individually, and village health teams engaged in group discussions. Thematic analysis was employed during data analysis. Results Findings revealed a predominance of females among healthcare providers (18 of 30) and service users (16 of 25), as well as in VHTs. Average ages were 33.4 (healthcare providers), 38.5 (service users), and 35.1 (VHTs). Most healthcare providers (15) held diplomas, while 12 service users and 4 VHTs had certificates. The majority of healthcare providers (n=20) and 4 VHTs had 6-10 years of experience. Thematic analysis highlighted three key themes: benefits of integrated mental health services, implementation challenges, and the role of community engagement and cultural sensitivity. Conclusion This study contributes valuable insights into the integration of mental health services into HIV clinics in Northern Uganda. The perceived benefits, challenges, and importance of cultural sensitivity and community engagement should guide future interventions, fostering a holistic approach that enhances the overall well-being of individuals living with HIV/AIDS in the region. Policymakers can use this information to advocate for resource allocation, training programs, and policy changes that support the integration of mental health services into HIV clinics in a way that addresses the identified challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Kabunga
- Department of Psychiatry, Lira University, Lira City, Uganda
| | - Halimah Namata
- Department of Mental Health, Makerere University, Lira City, Uganda
| | - Eustes Kigongo
- Department of Environmental Health and Disease Control, Lira University, Lira City, Uganda
| | - Marvin Musinguzi
- Department of Community Health, Lira University, Lira City, Uganda
| | - Raymond Tumwesigye
- Department of Critical Nursing, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara City, Uganda
| | | | - Jannat Nabaziwa
- Department of Community Health, Lira University, Lira City, Uganda
| | - Enos Mwirotsi Shikanga
- Department of Education Psychology, Moi University, Eldoret City, Kenya
- Department of Psychiatry, Gulu University, Gulu City, Uganda
| | - Ponsiano Okalo
- Department of Psychiatry, Lira University, Lira City, Uganda
| | - Viola Nalwoga
- Department of Psychiatry, Lira University, Lira City, Uganda
| | - Samson Udho
- Department of Midwifery, Lira University, Lira City, Uganda
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Soria-Martínez M, Navarro-Pérez CF, Pérez-Ardanaz B, Martí-García C. Conceptual framework of mental health literacy: Results from a scoping review and a Delphi survey. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2024; 33:281-296. [PMID: 37921340 DOI: 10.1111/inm.13249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Mental health literacy (MHL) has been identified as a factor influencing early help-seeking for mental health problems (MHPs) and stigmatizing attitudes. However, the lack of consensus on its definition has led to considerable heterogeneity in measurement and, consequently, methodological challenges in comparing data. In this way, the present study was conducted with the following objectives: in Phase I, mapping the existing literature through a scoping review; in Phase 2, 28 experts in the field of mental health participated to develop a consensus statement on the relevance and importance of the findings from Phase 1. A total of 37 articles were included for review. Notable nuances were identified in the conceptualization of MHL, particularly with regard to the fact that it should not be limited to mental disorders but should also encompass mental health. Furthermore, the sociocultural influence was highlighted as shaping MHL, recognizing it as a modifiable competence that adapts to different contexts and life stages, involving both individual and collective levels. The experts deemed the findings pertinent and relevant with a high degree of consensus, except for factors related to MHL. This framework provides a refined definition of MHL and related factors that should be taken into account to guide nursing and other disciplines' studies and interventions on MHL. The evolution of this concept includes dimensions to be considered in future research, especially when developing new measurement instruments or implementing educational programmes. This knowledge and skills cannot be determined globally without considering the context and development of the individual.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carmen Flores Navarro-Pérez
- Departamento de Enfermería, Facultad de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Podología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
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Joyce DW, Kormilitzin A, Hamer-Hunt J, McKee KR, Tomasev N. Defining acceptable data collection and reuse standards for queer artificial intelligence research in mental health: protocol for the online PARQAIR-MH Delphi study. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e079105. [PMID: 38490661 PMCID: PMC10946350 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-079105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION For artificial intelligence (AI) to help improve mental healthcare, the design of data-driven technologies needs to be fair, safe, and inclusive. Participatory design can play a critical role in empowering marginalised communities to take an active role in constructing research agendas and outputs. Given the unmet needs of the LGBTQI+ (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer and Intersex) community in mental healthcare, there is a pressing need for participatory research to include a range of diverse queer perspectives on issues of data collection and use (in routine clinical care as well as for research) as well as AI design. Here we propose a protocol for a Delphi consensus process for the development of PARticipatory Queer AI Research for Mental Health (PARQAIR-MH) practices, aimed at informing digital health practices and policy. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The development of PARQAIR-MH is comprised of four stages. In stage 1, a review of recent literature and fact-finding consultation with stakeholder organisations will be conducted to define a terms-of-reference for stage 2, the Delphi process. Our Delphi process consists of three rounds, where the first two rounds will iterate and identify items to be included in the final Delphi survey for consensus ratings. Stage 3 consists of consensus meetings to review and aggregate the Delphi survey responses, leading to stage 4 where we will produce a reusable toolkit to facilitate participatory development of future bespoke LGBTQI+-adapted data collection, harmonisation, and use for data-driven AI applications specifically in mental healthcare settings. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION PARQAIR-MH aims to deliver a toolkit that will help to ensure that the specific needs of LGBTQI+ communities are accounted for in mental health applications of data-driven technologies. The study is expected to run from June 2024 through January 2025, with the final outputs delivered in mid-2025. Participants in the Delphi process will be recruited by snowball and opportunistic sampling via professional networks and social media (but not by direct approach to healthcare service users, patients, specific clinical services, or via clinicians' caseloads). Participants will not be required to share personal narratives and experiences of healthcare or treatment for any condition. Before agreeing to participate, people will be given information about the issues considered to be in-scope for the Delphi (eg, developing best practices and methods for collecting and harmonising sensitive characteristics data; developing guidelines for data use/reuse) alongside specific risks of unintended harm from participating that can be reasonably anticipated. Outputs will be made available in open-access peer-reviewed publications, blogs, social media, and on a dedicated project website for future reuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan W Joyce
- Department of Primary Care and Mental Health and the Civic Health Information Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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Hoshmand S, Knegtering H, Spoelstra SK. Cultural competence of mental health practitioners in the Netherlands. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2024; 70:282-288. [PMID: 37874035 DOI: 10.1177/00207640231206062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The importance of providing mental health from a transcultural perspective in establishing a therapeutic alliance is recognized. However, it is currently unknown how many mental health practitioners in the Netherlands feel capable of providing mental healthcare from a transcultural perspective, or if they are familiar with the Cultural Formulation Interview (CFI). The CFI is a tool used in mental health care to gather culturally relevant patient information, enhancing cultural sensitivity in treatment. It is also unknown if there is a difference between psychiatrist and psychiatry residents in terms of their cultural competence. AIMS This study aimed to assess the self-appraised cultural competence of Dutch psychiatrist and psychiatry residents, including their knowledge of the CFI, and the need for further training. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among psychiatrists and psychiatry residents by means of an online questionnaire. RESULTS Ninety-seven mental health practitioners completed the questionnaire. Of the psychiatrists 70% and of the residents 76% reported that treating patients from cultural backgrounds different from their own background is challenging. Only 44% of psychiatrists and 34% of residents considered themselves sufficiently culturally competent, and 56% and 47% respectively, were uninformed about the CFI. The majority of psychiatrists and residents (70 vs 84%) indicated a need for more training in cultural competence. CONCLUSION The majority of psychiatrists and residents in The Netherlands considered treating patients from different cultural backgrounds a challenge, reported feeling insufficiently culturally competent, lacked experience with the cultural formulation interview and reported a need for more training in cultural competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hoshmand
- Lentis Psychiatric institute, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - H Knegtering
- Lentis Psychiatric institute, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Rob Giel Research Center, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - S K Spoelstra
- Addiction care North Netherlands, Groningen, The Netherlands
- NHL Stenden Hogeschool, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
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Fancher NE, Saha B, Cheng S, Fontaine A, Corpuz A, Omori J. Disparities in the Prevalence of Psychiatric Illness in Hawaii's Houseless Population: A Retrospective Chart Review. Cureus 2024; 16:e56118. [PMID: 38618388 PMCID: PMC11014793 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.56118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
In the State of Hawaii, previous research has suggested that minority groups such as Native Hawaiians and Other Pacific Islanders are disproportionately affected by mental health disorders and have less access to mental health services. The purpose of this study was to determine if similar disparities in the prevalence of psychiatric disorders among different ethnic groups are also present among Hawaii's houseless population. A retrospective chart review of records from one of Oahu's major houseless outreach clinics was performed to gather patient demographics and reported histories of psychiatric diagnoses. Reported disease prevalence rates were compared between larger ethnic categories as well as ethnic sub-groups. Results demonstrated higher rates of certain serious mental illnesses among the houseless; however, several other psychiatric diagnoses were unexpectedly found to be less prevalent than in the general population. Additionally, houseless Pacific Islander groups were unexpectedly found to often have disproportionally lower rates of psychiatric diagnoses despite being identified as high risk by other studies. Overall, our findings may indicate unique ethnic trends in the prevalence of mental health disorders among the houseless in Hawaii or may suggest increased social and/or cultural barriers to diagnosis among certain groups that will require more diligent screening and culturally competent care from providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas E Fancher
- Internal Medicine, Los Angeles County University of Southern California Medical Center, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Bibek Saha
- Medicine, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, USA
| | - Shirley Cheng
- Medicine, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, USA
| | - Angelique Fontaine
- Medicine, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, USA
| | - Austin Corpuz
- Medicine, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, USA
| | - Jill Omori
- Family Medicine, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, USA
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Bhugra D, Smith AJ, Ventriglio A, Rao N, Ng R, Javed A, Chisolm MS, Malhi G, Kar A, Chumakov E, Liebrenz M. World Psychiatric Association-Asian Journal of Psychiatry Commission on the Mental Health and Wellbeing of International Medical Graduates. Asian J Psychiatr 2024; 93:103943. [PMID: 38342035 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2024.103943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Historically, doctors have migrated for a range of personal, educational, economic, and political reasons. Likewise, medical students from many countries have moved abroad to complete their training and education and may or may not return to their country of origin. Within this context, globalisation has had a major impact on medical education and healthcare workforces, contributing to recent migration trends. Globalisation is a complex phenomenon with positive and negative outcomes. For example, lower-income countries are regularly losing doctors to higher-income areas, thereby exacerbating strains on existing services. Across various national healthcare settings, migrating International Medical Graduates (IMGs) can face socioenvironmental and psychosocial pressures, which can lead to lower mental wellbeing and undermine their contributions to clinical care. Rates of stress and burnout are generally increasing for doctors and medical students. For IMGs, stressors related to migration, acculturation, and adjustment are not dissimilar to other migrants but may carry with them specific nuances. Accordingly, this Commission will explore the history of IMG trends and the challenges faced by IMGs, proposing recommendations and solutions to support their mental health and wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Bhugra
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neurosciences, Kings College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK.
| | - Alexander J Smith
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Nyapati Rao
- Stony Brook University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Roger Ng
- World Psychiatric Association, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Afzal Javed
- World Psychiatric Association, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Gin Malhi
- School of Psychiatry, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Anindya Kar
- Advanced Neuropsychiatry Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Egor Chumakov
- Department of Psychiatry & Addiction, St Petersburg State University, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Michael Liebrenz
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Codjoe LN, Henderson C, N'Danga-Koroma J, Lempp H, Romeo R, Bakolis I, Thornicroft G. Development and evaluation of a manualised mental health awareness and stigma reduction intervention for Black faith communities: study protocol for the ON TRAC feasibility study. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e059843. [PMID: 38417966 PMCID: PMC10900335 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-059843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This paper presents the study protocol for a feasibility study of a manualised mental health awareness and stigma reduction intervention for Black faith communities, as part of the Outcomes and Needs of Traditional Religious And Complementary practitioners (ON TRAC) project. The primary objective is to assess the feasibility and acceptability of the intervention and the secondary objectives include assessment of the feasibility of: recruiting participants to take part in the intervention, delivering the intervention, and conducting qualitative assessments, and use of the selected scales. The findings from this study will be used to inform the development of a subsequent trial which will focus on exploring the potential impact of the intervention on stigma-related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviour. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The study uses a mixed-methods approach. A total of 80 participants from four Black Majority Churches in South London will be recruited. Randomisation of the participants will be at an individual level to either the intervention group (who will participate in the 10 week Mental Health Awareness Course intervention) or to the waiting list control group (who will receive the same intervention, 8 weeks after the intervention group). Outcomes for both arms will be collected at baseline, postintervention, and at 4 week follow-up. In addition, focus group discussions will be conducted with participants in the intervention group, a week following the end of the 10 week session course, to investigate the feasibility and acceptability of the mental health awareness course. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The results of this research will be disseminated at local, national, and international levels. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN12253092.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisa Natalie Codjoe
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neurosciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Claire Henderson
- King's College London, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Joelyn N'Danga-Koroma
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neurosciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Heidi Lempp
- Inflammation Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Renee Romeo
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neurosciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Graham Thornicroft
- Health Service and Population Research, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK
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Al Shamari BK, O’Hara L. "I am not the same as before": a mixed-methods study on depression in people with spinal injury in Qatar. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1288772. [PMID: 38455515 PMCID: PMC10918847 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1288772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Incidence of spinal injury is high in the Middle East and North African region (MENA) due to the high incidence of road traffic crashes. A spinal injury may trigger mental health issues. Compared to the general population, people with spinal injury are at higher risk for developing major depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorders, substance abuse, and suicide. Objectives The objectives of the study were to determine depression prevalence; identify relationships between depression and cause and site of spinal injury, sociodemographic factors, and social support; and explore the lived experiences of depression in people with spinal injury in Qatar. Methods A sequential cross-sectional mixed methods study was conducted. In the quantitative component, the universal sample consisted of 106 consenting individuals presenting with spinal injury at Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar between January and December 2020. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 was used to assess levels of depression and the Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey was used to assess perceived social support. The cause and site of injury were obtained from patient records. In the qualitative component, semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with 12 purposively selected participants from the quantitative component. Results Spinal injury had a negative impact on participants physical, mental, social, and spiritual wellbeing. In total, 69% of participants had some level of depression: 28% mild, 25.5% minimal, and 15% moderate to severe. Depression was not associated with socio-demographic factors, or the cause or site of spinal injury. Higher levels of emotional/informational support and positive social interaction were associated with milder depression. Social support and religious faith were critical in assisting participants to cope with their new situation. Conclusions Depression is prevalent among people with spinal injury attending health services. Early detection, referral, and treatment of depression are recommended. Strategies to enhance emotional/informational support and positive social interaction should be developed and tested with people with spinal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lily O’Hara
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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Mescouto K, Olson RE, Plage S, Zulfiqar A, Setchell J, Dune T, Suleman S, Cummins D, Prasad-Ildes R, Costa N. Navigating whiteness: affective relational intensities of non-clinical psychosocial support by and for culturally and linguistically diverse people. FRONTIERS IN SOCIOLOGY 2024; 9:1282938. [PMID: 38435331 PMCID: PMC10906108 DOI: 10.3389/fsoc.2024.1282938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Mental health is political, with intersecting economic, cultural, racialized, and affective dimensions making up the care assemblage, signalling how care is conceptualised and who is deserving of care. In this article, we examine emotions circulating in a non-clinical psychosocial support program for culturally and linguistically diverse people experiencing mental ill-health, foregrounding the relations between culture, race, economy, and assumptions underpinning understandings of care. The mental health program under study offers psychosocial support for culturally and linguistically diverse people to manage life challenges and mental ill-health exacerbated by navigating the complexities of Australia's health and social care systems. We draw on interviews with clients, staff, and providers of intersecting services, employing Ahmed's concept of affective economies and Savreemootoo's concept of navigating whiteness to examine the care assemblage within interview transcripts. We provide insight into affective intensities such as hate, anger, and indifference embedded in white Anglo-centric services, positioning culturally and linguistically diverse people on the margins of care. Non-clinical psychosocial support programs can counter such affective intensities by training and employing multicultural peer support workers-people with lived experience-prioritising relational and place-based approaches to care and supporting and providing clients with relevant skills to navigate an Anglo-centric care system. However, this support is filled with affective tensions: (com)passion, frustration and fatigue circulate and clash due to the scarcity of resources, further signalling what type of care (and with/for whom) is prioritised within Australian relations of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karime Mescouto
- RECOVER Injury Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Rebecca E. Olson
- School of Social Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Stefanie Plage
- School of Social Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Asma Zulfiqar
- Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jenny Setchell
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Institute for Urban Indigenous Health, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Tinashe Dune
- Australian College of Applied Psychology, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Nathalia Costa
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Sydney School of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Clarke-Jeffers P, Keyte R, Connabeer K. "Hair is your crown and glory" - Black women's experiences of living with alopecia and the role of social support. HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY REPORT 2024; 12:154-165. [PMID: 38628276 PMCID: PMC11016946 DOI: 10.5114/hpr/177730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alopecia is an autoimmune condition that results in hair loss, mainly from the scalp. There are three specific types of autoimmune alopecia: alopecia areata (AA; small patches of hair loss), alopecia totalis (AT; total hair loss from the scalp) and alopecia universalis (AU; total hair loss from the scalp and body). Whilst research has explored the experiences of White women living with alopecia, there is a lack of research exploring the impact of alopecia on women in the Black community. The current study aimed to explore Black women's experience of living with autoimmune types of alopecia with a focus on the cultural importance of hair within the Black community and the impact of social support. PARTICIPANTS AND PROCEDURE Seven Black women (age range: 37-68 years; mean age: 51 years) were recruited purposively through alopecia support group organisations and social media to participate in a semi-structured interview; four participants were diagnosed with AA, two participants were diagnosed with AU, and one participant was diagnosed with AT. One-to-one interviews were conducted online, and interpretative phenomenological analysis was used to guide data collection and analysis. RESULTS Participants discussed the significance of hair specifically within the Black community and the complex relationship between psychological wellbeing, coping and seeking support. CONCLUSIONS This novel area, specific to Black women's psychological experience of alopecia, acknowledges the influence of cultural and ethnic differences. The findings suggest that proactive awareness from health professionals and social support groups are needed due to the nuances of Black women's alopecia experience to provide better support and to enhance the quality of life for Black women to manage their alopecia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebecca Keyte
- Birmingham City University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Singh D, Nasir S, Sharma J, Giménez-Llort L, Shahnawaz MG. Psychological Distress in Low-Income and Economically Marginalized Populations in India: Protective and Risk Factors. Behav Sci (Basel) 2024; 14:92. [PMID: 38392445 PMCID: PMC10886196 DOI: 10.3390/bs14020092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Studies at the juncture of development economics and public health take on considerable responsibility in addressing inequality and related mental health distress. Mental healthcare in economically marginalized populations requires depicting the linkages between socioeconomic status and psychological distress. In the present work, a sequential mixed-methods design was used to study 190 people in such communities in India. Gender-dependent psychological distress was found according to the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K-10) with moderate distress in women (M = 26.30, SD = 9.15) and mild distress in men (M = 21.04, SD = 8.35). Regression analysis indicated that gender significantly predicted psychological distress, followed by age, marital status, and the level of education of the head of the family. The Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis of semi-structured interviews of the six women who scored the highest on the distress scale unveiled three master themes: (1) manifestation of psychological distress, (2) contextual challenges, and (3) sources of strength and resilience. Overall, participants reported a lack of resources, community violence, gender discrimination, and widespread substance use as major contributors to the ongoing distress. These findings can pave the way for future studies to expand beyond independent economic indicators and curate clinical interventions for culturally competent mental healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipti Singh
- Department of Psychology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Shagufta Nasir
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juhi Sharma
- Light Up-Emotions Matter Foundation, New Delhi 110096, India
| | - Lydia Giménez-Llort
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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Kovacs AH, Luyckx K, Thomet C, Budts W, Enomoto J, Sluman MA, Lu CW, Jackson JL, Khairy P, Cook SC, Chidambarathanu S, Alday L, Estensen ME, Dellborg M, Berghammer M, Johansson B, Mackie AS, Menahem S, Caruana M, Veldtman G, Soufi A, Jameson SM, Callus E, Kutty S, Oechslin E, Van Bulck L, Moons P. Anxiety and Depression in Adults With Congenital Heart Disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 2024; 83:430-441. [PMID: 38233017 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2023.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A comprehensive understanding of adult congenital heart disease outcomes must include psychological functioning. Our multisite study offered the opportunity to explore depression and anxiety symptoms within a global sample. OBJECTIVES In this substudy of the APPROACH-IS (Assessment of Patterns of Patient-Reported Outcomes in Adults With Congenital Heart Disease-International Study), the authors we investigated the prevalence of elevated depression and anxiety symptoms, explored associated sociodemographic and medical factors, and examined how quality of life (QOL) and health status (HS) differ according to the degree of psychological symptoms. METHODS Participants completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, which includes subscales for symptoms of anxiety (HADS-A) and depression (HADS-D). Subscale scores of 8 or higher indicate clinically elevated symptoms and can be further categorized as mild, moderate, or severe. Participants also completed analogue scales on a scale of 0 to 100 for QOL and HS. Analysis of variance was performed to investigate whether QOL and HS differed by symptom category. RESULTS Of 3,815 participants from 15 countries (age 34.8 ± 12.9 years; 52.7% female), 1,148 (30.1%) had elevated symptoms in one or both subscales: elevated HADS-A only (18.3%), elevated HADS-D only (2.9%), or elevations on both subscales (8.9%). Percentages varied among countries. Both QOL and HS decreased in accordance with increasing HADS-A and HADS-D symptom categories (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS In this global sample of adults with congenital heart disease, almost one-third reported elevated symptoms of depression and/or anxiety, which in turn were associated with lower QOL and HS. We strongly advocate for the implementation of strategies to recognize and manage psychological distress in clinical settings. (Patient-Reported Outcomes in Adults With Congenital Heart Disease [APPROACH-IS]; NCT02150603).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Koen Luyckx
- School Psychology and Development in Context, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; UNIBS, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Corina Thomet
- Center for Congenital Heart Disease, Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Werner Budts
- Division of Congenital and Structural Cardiology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Junko Enomoto
- Department of Education, Toyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maayke A Sluman
- Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Cardiology, Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch, the Netherlands
| | - Chun-Wei Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jamie L Jackson
- Center for Biobehavioral Health, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Paul Khairy
- Adult Congenital Heart Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Stephen C Cook
- IU Health Adult Congenital Heart Disease Program, IU School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Shanthi Chidambarathanu
- Pediatric Cardiology, Frontier Lifeline Hospital (Dr K. M. Cherian Heart Foundation), Chennai, India
| | - Luis Alday
- Division of Cardiology, Hospital de Niños, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Mette-Elise Estensen
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mikael Dellborg
- Adult Congenital Heart Unit, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Östra, Gothenburg, Sweden; Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Malin Berghammer
- Department of Health Sciences, University West, Trollhättan, Sweden; The Queen Silva Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bengt Johansson
- Department of Surgery and Perioperative Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Andrew S Mackie
- Division of Cardiology, Stollery Children's Hospital, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Samuel Menahem
- Department of Paediatrics and School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Maryanne Caruana
- Department of Cardiology, Mater Dei Hospital, Birkirkara Bypass, Malta
| | - Gruschen Veldtman
- Adult Congenital Heart Disease Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Alexandra Soufi
- Department of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Médipôle Hôpital Mutualiste, Lyon-Villeurbanne, France
| | - Susan M Jameson
- Adult Congenital Heart Program at Stanford, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital and Stanford Health Care, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Edward Callus
- Clinical Psychology Service, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Shelby Kutty
- Adult Congenital Heart Disease Center University of Nebraska Medical Center/ Children's Hospital and Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Erwin Oechslin
- Toronto Adult Congenital Heart Disease Program, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Liesbet Van Bulck
- KU Leuven Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Research Foundation Flanders (FWO), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Philip Moons
- KU Leuven Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Centre for Person-Centered Care (GPCC), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Institute of Health and Care Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
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Tran PB, Ali A, Ayesha R, Boehnke JR, Ddungu C, Lall D, Pinkney-Atkinson VJ, van Olmen J. An interpretative phenomenological analysis of the lived experience of people with multimorbidity in low- and middle-income countries. BMJ Glob Health 2024; 9:e013606. [PMID: 38262681 PMCID: PMC10823928 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2023-013606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
People living with multimorbidity (PLWMM) have multiple needs and require long-term personalised care, which necessitates an integrated people-centred approach to healthcare. However, people-centred care may risk being a buzzword in global health and cannot be achieved unless we consider and prioritise the lived experience of the people themselves. This study captures the lived experiences of PLWMM in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) by exploring their perspectives, experiences, and aspirations.We analysed 50 semi-structured interview responses from 10 LMICs across three regions-South Asia, Latin America, and Western Africa-using an interpretative phenomenological analysis approach.The bodily, social, and system experiences of illness by respondents were multidirectional and interactive, and largely captured the complexity of living with multimorbidity. Despite expensive treatments, many experienced little improvements in their conditions and felt that healthcare was not tailored to their needs. Disease management involved multiple and fragmented healthcare providers with lack of guidance, resulting in repetitive procedures, loss of time, confusion, and frustration. Financial burden was exacerbated by lost productivity and extreme finance coping strategies, creating a vicious cycle. Against the backdrop of uncertainty and disruption due to illness, many demonstrated an ability to cope with their conditions and navigate the healthcare system. Respondents' priorities were reflective of their desire to return to a pre-illness way of life-resuming work, caring for family, and maintaining a sense of independence and normalcy despite illness. Respondents had a wide range of needs that required financial, health education, integrated care, and mental health support.In discussion with respondents on outcomes, it appeared that many have complementary views about what is important and relevant, which may differ from the outcomes established by clinicians and researchers. This knowledge needs to complement and be incorporated into existing research and treatment models to ensure healthcare remains focused on the human and our evolving needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong Bich Tran
- Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Ayaz Ali
- Institute of Psychiatry, Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Rubab Ayesha
- Institute of Psychiatry, Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Jan R Boehnke
- School of Health Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | - Charles Ddungu
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Dorothy Lall
- Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Josefien van Olmen
- Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
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50
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Ahmed A, Crabtree VM, Sirrine E, Elliott A, Antoniotti N, Horn S, Turner E, Parris KR. Development and Implementation of a Telemental Health Program for Caregivers in a Children's Hospital Setting. Telemed J E Health 2024; 30:126-133. [PMID: 37311170 DOI: 10.1089/tmj.2023.0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Caregivers of children with chronic illness, such as hematology-oncology conditions, face numerous stressors, and a subset experience persistent distress and poor psychological outcomes. Many logistical and ethical barriers complicate the provision of mental health care to caregivers in children's hospital settings. Telemental health (TMH) is one method to increase access and reduce barriers. Methods: A partnership was established with an outside TMH agency to provide mental health care to caregivers of children with hematology-oncology conditions. Development and implementation strategies are described, and feasibility was measured on four dimensions. Results: One hundred twenty-seven (n = 127) caregivers were referred for TMH services in the first 28 months of program implementation. Of the total, 63/127 (49%) received TMH services for at least one session. Most caregivers had a child in active medical treatment (89%). A small portion (11%) of caregivers were bereaved or had a child in hospice care. Program feasibility was enhanced by hospital leadership support and availability of staffing, financial, and technology resources. Available resources also contributed to the practicality of program development and swift implementation and integration within the defined hospital system. Discussion: Partnership with an outside TMH agency increased access to care and reduced barriers to treating caregivers in a children's hospital setting. Offering mental health interventions to caregivers aligns with evidence-based standards of care. Future research will elucidate caregiver satisfaction with this modality of treatment and whether use of TMH reduces disparities in caregiver receipt of mental health care in children's hospital settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameena Ahmed
- Department of Psychology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Erica Sirrine
- Department of Social Work, and St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Andrew Elliott
- Department of Interoperability and Patient Engagement, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Nina Antoniotti
- Psychiatry Division, Department of Pediatric Medicine, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Sarina Horn
- Psychiatry Division, Department of Pediatric Medicine, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Erin Turner
- Department of Social Work, and St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kendra R Parris
- Department of Psychology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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