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Warren SE, Lopez LC, Anthony T, Coco L. Communication Public Health: An Integration of Audiology, Speech-Language Pathology, and Public Health. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2024:1-18. [PMID: 39083459 DOI: 10.1044/2024_jslhr-23-00491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Health care is advancing toward a collaborative and integrative approach that promotes general health and wellness while addressing health inequities through the consideration of broader social and economic factors that influence the well-being of the entire population. Recently, there has been growing evidence of public health concept applications in fields related to speech, language, and hearing. However, there is an outstanding need to explicitly define the intersection of public health, including prevention and health promotion, and the discipline of communication sciences and disorders (CSD) across the areas of education, clinical practice, research, and policy. The authors propose a definition for this intersection using the new term communication public health. METHOD This tutorial provides guidance on how to conceptualize communication public health and invites refinement and expansion of the intersection between public health and CSD. Because readers are experts in CSD, this tutorial aims to supplement existing knowledge with information on public health to achieve three main objectives: (a) increase knowledge of the application of public health concepts among speech, language, hearing, and related professionals (SLHP+); (b) introduce the concept of communication public health; and (c) discuss the relevance of communication public health across domains within CSD. The authors utilize the socioecological model to provide examples of applications. RESULTS The concept of communication public health is proposed as the collaborative area of CSD and public health, which encompasses prevention and promotion of equity in communication health through individual-, community-, and population-level efforts. The goals of communication public health are achieved through applications of public health principles in CSD education, clinical practice, research, and policy. CONCLUSION Communication public health defines an area of collaboration between public health and CSD in which SLHP+ can apply public health concepts to both advance communication health and address health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Warren
- School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, The University of Memphis, TN
| | - Leslie C Lopez
- Department of Communication Disorders, School of Allied Health Professions, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans
| | - Teresa Anthony
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa
| | - Laura Coco
- School of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, College of Health and Human Services, San Diego State University, CA
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Sebong PH, Pardosi J, Goldman RE, Suryo AP, Susianto IA, Meliala A. Identifying Physician Public Health Competencies to Address Healthcare Needs in Underserved, Border, and Outer Island Areas of Indonesia: A Rapid Assessment. TEACHING AND LEARNING IN MEDICINE 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38743583 DOI: 10.1080/10401334.2024.2353573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Phenomenon: Most medical schools in Indonesia have developed innovations to integrate public health content into the curricula. However, ensuring that all schools meet appropriate standards regarding the quality of subjects, content relevancy, and course delivery takes time and effort. Approach: This study employed a rapid assessment procedure to identify the current knowledge and competencies required to practice medicine effectively in underserved, border, and outer island areas of Indonesia. Ninety-three participants from six remote districts were involved in 12 focus group discussions. Qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis using the social determinants of health as a guiding framework. Findings: Under decentralized health system governance, the local socio-geographical context is critical to understanding the current public health landscape. Medical education with respect to public health must emphasize physicians' ability to advocate and encourage the coordination of healthcare services in responding to disasters, as well as community-based surveillance and other relevant data for synergistic disease control. As part of a healthcare facility management team, prospective doctors should be able to apply systems thinking and provide critical input to improve service delivery at local health facilities. Also, recognizing underlying factors is essential to realizing effective interprofessional collaboration practices and aligning them with leadership skills. Insights: This study outlines recommendations for medical schools and relevant colleges in formulating compulsory block or integrated public health curricula. It also provides a public health learning topic that may aid medical schools in training their students to be competent for practice in underserved, border, and outer island areas. Medical schools should offer initiatives for students to acquire the necessary public health competencies merited by the population's health needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perigrinus Hermin Sebong
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Soegijapranata Catholic University, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Jerico Pardosi
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Roberta Ellen Goldman
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Family Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | | | - Indra Adi Susianto
- Faculty of Medicine, Soegijapranata Catholic University, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Andreasta Meliala
- Center for Health Policy and Management, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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Sales RK, Navarro MA. Early career researchers in health policy and systems research: insights from freelancers in a non-profit organization in the Philippines. Health Res Policy Syst 2024; 22:54. [PMID: 38685052 PMCID: PMC11059717 DOI: 10.1186/s12961-024-01142-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The freelance economy has seen rapid growth worldwide in recent years and the Philippines is not an exception. Freelance workers are becoming increasingly common in healthcare and research. Early career researchers carry out most of scientific research and can play a critical role in advancing public health by bringing new perspectives and diversity to the field. Existing literature has mostly focused on the experiences of early career researchers in an institutional academic setting. This study aimed to understand the experiences of freelance early career researchers in the health policy and systems space in the Philippines. METHODS This qualitative study collected data from 18 to 22 March 2022 through virtual interview and focus group discussions. Themes and codes were created based on the topic guide developed. New themes and codes were generated as they emerged. Two researchers coded the data using both a priori and emergent codes. Any coding conflicts were resolved through discussions until intercoder agreement was reached. Interpretation and conclusions from the data were developed by 2 researchers with consideration for its context and relationship between themes. RESULTS Fifteen current and former freelance researchers participated in the study. Most are female, under 35 years old, and with an undergraduate degree as the highest educational attainment. The findings highlight insights and challenges faced by early career researchers in aspects of: (1) work arrangement, (2) tasks, (3) expectations from senior researchers, (4) development in the health policy and systems field, (5) relationship with peers, and (6) motivations for continuing to work as a freelance health policy and systems researcher. CONCLUSION This study reveals the challenges freelance early career researchers face, highlighting the need for enhanced support and recognition amidst rapidly evolving workforce demands and complex health dilemmas. Recommendations include structured mentorship, professional development, innovative funding models, and the establishment of a supportive network. Advocacy for policies ensuring freelancer inclusion in the economy and policy-making is crucial. Future research should investigate their experiences further, including their roles, transitions, and the impacts of funding trends, to foster their development and integration into public health research and policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reneepearl Kim Sales
- Alliance for Improving Health Outcomes, Veria 1 Building, 62 West Avenue, West Triangle, 1104, Quezon City, Philippines.
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Zhaksylyk A, Yessirkepov M, Akyol A, Kocyigit BF. YouTube as a Source of Information on Public Health Ethics. J Korean Med Sci 2024; 39:e61. [PMID: 38412608 PMCID: PMC10896704 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2024.39.e61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Public health ethics (PHE) is a dynamic area within bioethics that addresses the complex moral implications of public health measures in the face of growing health threats. YouTube is a powerful and widely used platform for disseminating health-related information. The primary objective of this study is to assess videos related to PHE on YouTube. The aim is to gauge the extent of misinformation in collecting PHE videos on the platform. METHODS On October 25, 2023, a thorough investigation on YouTube was undertaken, employing pre-determined search phrases involving 'public health,' 'healthcare,' 'health services administration,' and 'health policy and ethics.' The research encompassed a total of 137 videos that were selected according to strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. The videos were evaluated using the Global Quality Scale to measure quality and the modified DISCERN tool to evaluate reliability. The researchers identified video sources and compared several video attributes across different quality groups. RESULTS A total of 137 videos were analyzed, and 65 (47.45%) were classified as high quality, 52 (37.23%) as moderate quality, and 21 (15.32%) as low quality. In high-quality videos, academic, government, physician, and university-hospital sources predominated, whereas Internet users and news sources were connected with low-quality videos. Significant differences in DISCERN score, per day views, likes, and comments were seen across the quality groups (P = 0.001 for views per day and P = 0.001 for other characteristics). According to the findings, low-quality videos had higher median values for daily views, likes, and comments. CONCLUSION Although nearly half of the videos were high-quality, low-quality videos attracted greater attention. Critical contributors to high-quality videos included academic, government, physician, and university-hospital sources. The findings highlight the importance of quality control methods on social media platforms and strategies to direct users to trustworthy health information. Authors should prioritize appropriate citations and evaluate YouTube and other comparable platforms for potential promotional low-quality information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alikhan Zhaksylyk
- Department of Scientific and Clinical Work, Doctoral and Master's Studies, South Kazakhstan Medical Academy, Shymkent, Kazakhstan
| | - Marlen Yessirkepov
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, South Kazakhstan Medical Academy, Shymkent, Kazakhstan
| | - Ahmet Akyol
- Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Application and Research Center, Hasan Kalyoncu University, Gaziantep, Turkiye
| | - Burhan Fatih Kocyigit
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Health Sciences, Adana City Research and Training Hospital, Adana, Turkiye.
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Lankarani KB, Honarvar B, Faghihi SA, Haghighi MRR, Sadati AK, Rafiei F, Hosseini SA, Bordbari AH, Ziaee A, Pooriesa MJ. Demanded interdisciplinary subjects for integration in medical education program from the point of view of graduated medical physicians and senior medical students: a nationwide mixed qualitative-quantitative study from Iran. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2024; 24:125. [PMID: 38326809 PMCID: PMC10851448 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-024-05079-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to detect interdisciplinary subjects for integration into the medical education program of Iran. METHODS A qualitative-quantitative method was used. Firstly, interdisciplinary subjects demanded by medical graduates and senior medical students were defined by qualitative study. In the second stage, questionnaire was developed which based on the findings of qualitative stage, experts' opinion and reviewing of the national general guide of professional ethics for medical practitioners. Questionnaire consisted of demographic, occupational and thirteen interdisciplinary items. These items consisted of social determinants of health, social and economic consequences of disease, social prescribing, physicians' social responsibility, role of gender, racial, ethnic, social and economic issues in approach to patients, role of logic and mathematics in clinical decision-making, philosophy of medicine, maintaining work-life balance, self-anger management, national laws of medicine, religious law in medical practice, health system structure, and teamwork principles. Level and importance of knowledge and self-assessed educational needs were asked about each item. In the third stage, a national online survey was conducted. SPSS 25 was used for statistics. RESULTS By content analysis of data in qualitative stage, 36 sub-themes and 7 themes were extracted. In the quantitative part, 3580 subjects from 41 medical universities across Iran participated in this study. 2896 (80.9%) were medical graduates and 684 (19.1%) were senior medical students. Overall, knowledge about interdisciplinary items was low to intermediate, while high to very high knowledge ranged from maximally 38.7% about socioeconomic consequences of disease to minimally 17.2% about social prescribing. Participants gave the most importance to the having knowledge about self-anger management (88.3%), maintaining work-life balance (87.2%) and social determinants of health (85.8%), respectively. However, national laws of medicine (77.6%), maintaining work-life balance (75.4%) and self-anger management (74%) were the first top three educational demands by participants. CONCLUSION This study revealed a low to moderate level of knowledge about interdisciplinary topics among both graduated medical physicians and senior medical students. These groups showed a strong demand and tendency to know and to be educated about these topics. These findings underscore the urgency for educational reforms to meet the interdisciplinary needs of medical professionals in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamran Bagheri Lankarani
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Behnam Honarvar
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | | | | | | | - Fatemeh Rafiei
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sayyed Amirreza Hosseini
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Amir-Hassan Bordbari
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Arash Ziaee
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Razavi Khorasan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Jafar Pooriesa
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Williams A, Chu K, Uptegraft C, Duncan J. An Introduction to Clinical Informatics for Early Medical Learners Using Colorectal Cancer Screening. MEDEDPORTAL : THE JOURNAL OF TEACHING AND LEARNING RESOURCES 2024; 20:11379. [PMID: 38196824 PMCID: PMC10774475 DOI: 10.15766/mep_2374-8265.11379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Clinical informatics is an important component of the AMA-endorsed third pillar of undergraduate medical education, health systems science. Discrete educational opportunities for clinical informatics and health systems science among early learners are lacking in medical school curricula. Methods We developed and evaluated a multistep, 2.5-hour activity during the gastroenterology module to introduce these topics to preclerkship medical students. A didactic session introducing clinical informatics and clinical decision support and reviewing health promotion and screening concepts was followed by small-group activities. Students worked through a series of exercises culminating in the generation of a clinical decision support tool based on the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) colorectal cancer screening recommendations. Results Between 2022 and 2023, 326 first-year medical students participated in this workshop. Feedback was predictably mixed. In 2022, 88% of postclass survey respondents confirmed having a better clinical informatics understanding after the workshop. In 2023, students reported a statistically significant increase in their self-reported understanding of the role of clinical informatics, clinical decision support, and USPSTF colorectal cancer recommendations. Discussion Clinical decision support is a viable pathway for introduction of clinical informatics, health systems science, and public health/prevention topics. Our educational approach offers an interactive introduction to this group of topics that can benefit future physicians. While colon cancer provides a robust option for the clinical situation, this activity could be modified to fit into many different clinical scenarios, allowing for interdisciplinary education during either undergraduate or graduate medical education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Williams
- Associate Professor, Department of Family Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine
| | - Kasi Chu
- Assistant Professor, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine
| | - Colby Uptegraft
- Clinical Branch Chief, Health Informatics Directorate, Defense Health Agency
| | - Joshua Duncan
- Assistant Professor, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine
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Wizentier MM, Stephenson BJK, Goodman MS. The measurement of racism in health inequities research. Epidemiol Rev 2023; 45:32-43. [PMID: 37147182 DOI: 10.1093/epirev/mxad004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There is limited literature on the measures and metrics used to examine racism in the health inequities literature. Health inequities research is continuously evolving, with the number of publications increasing over time. However, there is limited knowledge on the best measures and methods to examine the impact of different levels of racism (institutionalized, personally mediated, and internalized) on health inequities. Advanced statistical methods have the potential to be used in new ways to examine the relationship between racism and health inequities. In this review, we conduct a descriptive examination of the measurement of racism in the health inequities epidemiologic literature. We examine the study design, methods used for analysis, types of measures used (e.g., composite, absolute, relative), number of measures used, phase of research (detect, understand, solutions), viewpoint (oppressor, oppressed), and components of structural racism measures (historical context, geographical context, multifaceted nature). We discuss methods (e.g., Peters-Belson, latent class analysis, difference in differences) that have demonstrated potential for future work. The articles reviewed were limited to the detect (25%) and understand (75%) phases, with no studies in the solutions phase. Although the majority (56%) of studies had cross-sectional designs, many authors pointed to the need for longitudinal and multilevel data for further exploration. We examined study design features as mutually exclusive elements. However, racism is a multifaceted system and the measurement of racism in many studies does not fit into a single category. As the literature grows, the significance of methodological and measurement triangulation to assess racism should be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Mautner Wizentier
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Briana Joy K Stephenson
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Melody S Goodman
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
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Hawkins M, Mallapareddi A, Misra D. Social mobility and perinatal depression in Black women. FRONTIERS IN HEALTH SERVICES 2023; 3:1227874. [PMID: 37693235 PMCID: PMC10491480 DOI: 10.3389/frhs.2023.1227874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Background Higher socioeconomic position is associated with better birth outcomes and maternal mental health, although this relationship is less consistent for Black women. The literature is limited on the impact of social mobility across the life course on mental health of pregnant women. This study examines the impact of perceived financial status across the life-course on depressive symptoms during pregnancy among Black women. Methods Data were from the Life-course Influences of Fetal Environments (LIFE) retrospective cohort study among pregnant Black women in metropolitan Detroit, Michigan. Depressive symptoms in the two weeks prior to birth were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale. Social mobility was determined at three intervals over the life course using self-report of financial status during childhood, adolescence, and current age in pregnancy. Results 1,410 pregnant women participated, ranging in age from 18 to 45 years old. CES-D scores ranged from 0 to 53 (mean = 15.3) and 26% of the sample reported high depressive symptoms. In each age interval, higher financial status was associated with significant protective effect on depressive symptoms, and the magnitude of the effect increased across the life course. Trajectory analysis demonstrated that both the upward (4.51; 95% CI, 2.43-6.6) and downward (4.04; 95% CI, 2.62-5.46 and 3.09; 95% CI, 1.57-4.62) life-course social mobility groups had increased mean CES-D scores compared to the static social mobility group. Conclusion This study describes the importance of previous childhood and current financial status effects on mental health in Black pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Hawkins
- Department of Health Studies, College of Arts and Sciences, American University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Arun Mallapareddi
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Dawn Misra
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
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Walker AF, Graham S, Maple-Brown L, Egede LE, Campbell JA, Walker RJ, Wade AN, Mbanya JC, Long JA, Yajnik C, Thomas N, Ebekozien O, Odugbesan O, DiMeglio LA, Agarwal S. Interventions to address global inequity in diabetes: international progress. Lancet 2023; 402:250-264. [PMID: 37356448 PMCID: PMC10726974 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(23)00914-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is a serious chronic disease with high associated burden and disproportionate costs to communities based on socioeconomic, gender, racial, and ethnic status. Addressing the complex challenges of global inequity in diabetes will require intentional efforts to focus on broader social contexts and systems that supersede individual-level interventions. We codify and highlight best practice approaches to achieve equity in diabetes care and outcomes on a global scale. We outline action plans to target diabetes equity on the basis of the recommendations established by The Lancet Commission on Diabetes, organising interventions by their effect on changing the ecosystem, building capacity, or improving the clinical practice environment. We present international examples of how to address diabetes inequity in the real world to show that approaches addressing the individual within a larger social context, in addition to addressing structural inequity, hold the greatest promise for creating sustainable and equitable change that curbs the global diabetes crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashby F Walker
- Department of Health Services Research, Management and Policy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sian Graham
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Louise Maple-Brown
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia; Department of Endocrinology, Royal Darwin and Palmerston Hospitals, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Leonard E Egede
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Center for Advancing Population Science, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Jennifer A Campbell
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Center for Advancing Population Science, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Rebekah J Walker
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Center for Advancing Population Science, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Alisha N Wade
- MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit, Wits School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jean Claude Mbanya
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Judith A Long
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Corporal Michael J Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Nihal Thomas
- Department of Endocrinology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | | | | | - Linda A DiMeglio
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Shivani Agarwal
- Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Endocrinology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA; New York Regional Center for Diabetes Translation Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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DeLay TK, Harris JB, Willis JG, Lallani S, Obinwa C, Berg IC, Eberhardt AW. A course in medical device design & commercialization for medical students pursuing surgical fields. Am J Surg 2023; 225:667-672. [PMID: 36496271 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2022.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The modern surgeon faces an ever-changing landscape of procedural innovation. The demands of present-day healthcare highlight the importance of successfully developing new medical devices and technologies. This effort requires multidisciplinary collaborations of professionals ranging from manufacturers and engineers to researchers and healthcare providers. Surgeons regularly interact with complex equipment and user interfaces without substantial formal education on their design and development. The objective of this study was to ascertain the impact of a 10-week BME course into a medical school curriculum on surgery-bound students' knowledge of product design and gauge their ability to develop an actual product to meet a real need in a surgical field. METHODS A Medical Device Design and Commercialization co-enrolled elective course was offered to medical students at a single institution. Five students with an expressed surgical and procedural interest were enrolled. At the beginning of the course, they were tasked with developing a product to meet a clinical need they observed. At the conclusion of the course, students filled out a questionnaire about their level of comfort and knowledge of the material using a 5-point Likert scale. This survey was administered to a control group of medical students who did not take the course. RESULTS The BME student cohort was able to successfully identify a post-operative need, develop a prototype of a novel device, and present their product to attending surgeons. A total of 35 survey entries were received: five from the experimental group and 30 from the comparison group. The experimental group scored higher than the comparison group for all survey questions and reached the level of statistical significance in 13 of the 15 questions (p < 0.05). Survey respondents reported similar degrees of knowledge and comfort in recognizing unmet needs in a hospital setting and formulating a comprehensive statement describing them. CONCLUSION The principles of biomedical engineering are integral to advancing the field of surgery. Presently, a small cohort of medical students/residents successfully acquired and applied basic BME concepts in a relatively short period of time relative to other training paradigms. Our findings also suggest medical students recognize unmet needs in the hospital setting, and those who completed a BME course felt more able to take steps to meet those needs. Early integration of biomedical engineering principles in medical training may help produce more innovative and well-rounded surgeons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ian C Berg
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
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Yazdani S, Heidarpoor P. Community-engaged medical education is a way to develop health promoters: A comparative study. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2023; 12:93. [PMID: 37288395 PMCID: PMC10243438 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_383_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the importance of health promotion and empowerment of the community has been recognized for many years, there are still many barriers to adopting health promotion in the world. One of the solutions is socially accountable medical education and community engagement. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to compare the medical programs of five medical schools that practiced community-engaged medical education to medical education in Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS This comparative study has been performed in 2022 by the four-stage Bereday method, including description (the educational programs of the selected medical schools were examined), interpretation (a validated checklist was prepared according to community-based strategies), proximity (similar and different information was identified), and comparison (solutions were recommended to improve health promotion and community engagement in Iran's medical education program. The purposive sampling method was used to select five universities. RESULTS Although successful initiatives have been attempted to integrate public health promotion and community orientation into the Iranian curriculum, they do not appear to be sufficient in comparison to leading countries. The main distinction is that the community is actively engaged in all stages of curriculum design, implementation, and evaluation. CONCLUSIONS Although Iran's medical education program has a long way to go in terms of social accountability, by including more community-oriented initiatives into the curriculum, health needs of the community can be met and physician shortages in poor areas can be alleviated. It is recommended to implement modern teaching methods, to recruit diverse faculty and community members, and to increase the community placement in medical education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahram Yazdani
- Department of Medical Education, Virtual School of Medical Education and Management, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Peigham Heidarpoor
- Department of Community-Based Health Education, Virtual School of Medical Education and Management, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Stepovic M, Vekic S, Vojinovic R, Jovanovic K, Radovanovic S, Radevic S, Rancic N. Analysis and Forecast of Indicators Related to Medical Workers and Medical Technology in Selected Countries of Eastern Europe and Balkan. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11050655. [PMID: 36900660 PMCID: PMC10000486 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11050655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Health indicators measure certain health characteristics in a specific population or country and can help navigate the health systems. As the global population is rising, the demand for an increase in the number of health workers is simultaneously rising. The aim of this study was to compare and predict the indicators related to the number of medical workers and medical technologies in selected countries in Eastern Europe and Balkan in the studied period. The article analyzed the reported data of selected health indicators extracted from the European Health for All database. The indicators of interest were the number of physicians, pharmacists, general practitioners and dentists per 100,000 people. To observe the changes in these indicators through the available years, we used linear trends, regression analysis and forecasting to the year 2025. The regression analysis shows that the majority of the observed countries will experience an increase in the number of general practitioners, pharmacists, health workers/professionals and dentists, as well as in the number of computerized tomography scanners and the number of magnetic resonance units, predicted to occur by 2025. Following trends of medical indicators can help the government and health sector to focus and navigate the best investments for each country according to the level of their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milos Stepovic
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Stefan Vekic
- Faculty of Economics, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Radisa Vojinovic
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Kristijan Jovanovic
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Snezana Radovanovic
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Svetlana Radevic
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nemanja Rancic
- Medical Faculty of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defence in Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, Military Medical Academy, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Correspondence:
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13
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Abdul Kadir N, Schütze H. Medical educators' perspectives on the barriers and enablers of teaching public health in the undergraduate medical schools: a systematic review. Glob Health Action 2022; 15:2106052. [PMID: 36063404 PMCID: PMC9467537 DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2022.2106052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Having relevant public health content in the undergraduate medical curriculum is critical to preparing medical doctors for emerging health issues and increased public health roles. Medical educators are central to this effort. Objective This systematic review synthesises the most relevant and up-to-date evidence on medical educators’ perspectives regarding the barriers and enablers on incorporating public health teaching in the undergraduate medical curricula. Methods Seven databases were searched for articles published between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2021. Articles were included if they were available in full-text English or Indonesian language, peer-reviewed, and focused on medical educators’ perspectives on teaching public health in the undergraduate medical curricula. Findings were integrated to answer the review question using thematic analysis. Results Twenty-nine articles were included in the final review. Three major themes emerged: (i) space in the medical curricula, (ii) confidence/capabilities of medical educators, and (iii) institutional support. Overcrowded curricula, lack of consensus about the scope and level of public health to incorporate into teaching, ensuring the quality and the relevance of content with what is required in real practice, as well as inadequate institutional support are major challenges in teaching public health to medical students. Conclusions Integrating public health into other subjects is largely seen as a solution. This requires strong institutional support in the form of financial, logistic, and technical support; structured training for medical educators on how to incorporate the content into their subjects; and a recognition of the important role that public health educators play.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurhira Abdul Kadir
- Graduate School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Heike Schütze
- Graduate School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.,Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Australia, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
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14
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Bettiol S, Psereckis R, MacIntyre K. A perspective of massive open online courses (MOOCs) and public health. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1058383. [PMID: 36589952 PMCID: PMC9795246 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1058383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Massive open online courses (MOOCs) have emerged as an innovative educational technology relevant to and affecting higher education, professional development, and lifelong learning. This paper introduces the principles of MOOCs and reviews the development of these platforms over time. We reflect upon the considerable investment by institutions to develop, deliver and promote such courses, particularly in public health. While open to interpretation, the inherent power, influence, and effectiveness of MOOCs is unquestionable. The potential contribution of MOOCs to public health education is immense, with almost universal reach and access. However, apart from research into participant engagement and knowledge, MOOC-related research and evaluation continue to lag with the rapid proliferation of these courses in response to emerging challenges, as seen with the Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic. This makes analyzing the contribution of MOOCs to public health education, health promotion and community programs challenging. This perspective article provides a robust rationale for the necessity of MOOCs and their utility in upskilling health professionals and the general public. It builds on current knowledge to comprehensively explore the factors influencing the development, and application of MOOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Bettiol
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia,*Correspondence: Silvana Bettiol
| | - Rhea Psereckis
- Public Health Services, Department of Health, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Kate MacIntyre
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
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15
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Yu Y, Qin Y, Liao Y, Yang Z, Wen P, Wu J, Rong P. A cross-sectional study on the response abilities of clinical and preventive medical students in public health emergency. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1017063. [PMID: 36530660 PMCID: PMC9751026 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1017063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Inconsistent training programs for public health emergency (PHE) have been criticized as a contributing factor in PHE's managerial weak points. In response, to analyze the relevant discrepancies among the medical students in the class of 2021 from Xiangya School of Medicine of Central South University, the present study conducted an online questionnaire survey using convenience sampling. The questionnaire comprised four sections, including the basic information, the subjective cognition in PHE, the rescue knowledge and capabilities of PHE, and the mastery of PHE regulations and psychological intervention abilities. To compare the abovementioned aspects, related data were collected from 235 medical students divided into two groups, namely, clinical medical students (Group A) and preventive medical students (Group B). We found a more positive attitude in PHE (P = 0.014) and a better grasp of the PHE classification (P = 0.027) and the reporting system in group B compared with group A. In addition, even if group B showed the same response capability in communicable diseases as group A, the former had less access to clinical practice, resulting in poorer performance in the noncommunicable diseases during a fire, flood, and traffic accidents (P = 0.002, P = 0.018, P = 0.002). The different emphasis of each training program contributed to the uneven distribution of abilities and cognition. Meanwhile, the lack of an integrated PHE curriculum led to unsystematic expertise. Hence, to optimize the PHE management system, equal attention should be paid to medical students with diverse majors along with a complete integrated PHE curriculum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Yu
- Department of Health Management, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yixuan Qin
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuxuan Liao
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zijiang Yang
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Puqiao Wen
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianzhen Wu
- Department of Health Management, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,*Correspondence: Jianzhen Wu
| | - Pengfei Rong
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,Pengfei Rong
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16
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Sallam M, Eid H, Awamleh N, Al-Tammemi AB, Barakat M, Athamneh RY, Hallit S, Harapan H, Mahafzah A. Conspiratorial Attitude of the General Public in Jordan towards Emerging Virus Infections: A Cross-Sectional Study Amid the 2022 Monkeypox Outbreak. Trop Med Infect Dis 2022; 7:411. [PMID: 36548666 PMCID: PMC9787389 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed7120411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Conspiracy theories accompany the emergence of infectious diseases and the 2022 multi-country monkeypox (MPX) outbreak is no exception. It is possible that the adoption of conspiracy beliefs negatively impacts health behavior. We aimed to assess the prevalence of conspiratorial attitudes towards emerging virus infections (EVIs) and the response measures aiming to control these infections among the general public in Jordan. In addition, we assessed MPX knowledge and the belief in the role of men who have sex with men (MSM) in virus spread. The online survey data were collected during 24 May 2022-28 June 2022. The survey instrument was based on previously published scales designed to measure MPX knowledge and EVI conspiracies. A total of 611 respondents formed the final study sample, with a mean age of 44 years and a majority of females (n = 433, 70.9%). On a scale ranging from -10 to +10, the median MPX knowledge score in the study sample was +3 (interquartile range: +1 to +5). Educational level was a determinant of MPX knowledge in multivariate analysis. More than 50% of the participants agreed at least to some extent with 9 out of 12 of the EVI conspiracy items. Multivariate analysis showed that embracing conspiracy beliefs about EVIs was associated with being female, and agreeing with or having no opinion regarding the role of MSM in MPX spread. The current study revealed the high prevalence of belief in conspiracies surrounding EVIs, and its accompanying intervention measures, among the general public in Jordan. In addition, a lower level of MPX knowledge was observed compared to previous studies among university students and health professionals in the country. We recommend evaluating the impact of the widely prevalent conspiracy beliefs on health aspects in future studies. This aim is particularly relevant in the Middle Eastern countries where embracing specific conspiracy ideas is a common occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malik Sallam
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
- Department of Clinical Laboratories and Forensic Medicine, Jordan University Hospital, Amman 11942, Jordan
- Department of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 22184 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Huda Eid
- Department of Dentistry, Queen Alia Military Hospital, Amman 11731, Jordan
| | - Nour Awamleh
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Ala'a B Al-Tammemi
- Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan
- Migration Health Division, International Organization for Migration (IOM), The UN Migration Agency, Amman 11953, Jordan
| | - Muna Barakat
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan
| | - Rabaa Y Athamneh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Zarqa University, Zarqa 13132, Jordan
| | - Souheil Hallit
- Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh P.O. Box 446, Lebanon
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib P.O. Box 60096, Lebanon
| | - Harapan Harapan
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia
- Tropical Disease Centre, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia
- Tsunami and Disaster Mitigation Research Center (TDMRC), Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia
| | - Azmi Mahafzah
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
- Department of Clinical Laboratories and Forensic Medicine, Jordan University Hospital, Amman 11942, Jordan
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Chapman HJ, Veras-Estévez BA. Integrating One Health topics to enhance health workers' leadership in health promotion activities. Glob Health Promot 2022:17579759221126143. [PMID: 36268638 DOI: 10.1177/17579759221126143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Moving into the next decade, the global health workforce can lead efforts to identify emerging health threats and develop immediate action plans to mitigate adverse effects on community health and well-being. To prepare health workers in their delivery of health education activities, the authors propose three didactic ('train the trainers') approaches: essential 'learning moments', critical analyses of One Health challenges, and the use of innovative real-time visualizations. Health workers' leadership is vital to achieve the targets of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, to safeguard population health, and ultimately to strengthen global health security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena J Chapman
- Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, USA
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18
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Aissaoui N, Hamaizia L, Brika SK, Shama TRAE. What will the ambitions of primary healthcare be in the 21 st century? Pan Afr Med J 2022; 43:87. [PMID: 36605980 PMCID: PMC9805306 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2022.43.87.35235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
This article attempts to analyze the problem of the modernity of primary healthcare, as well as the reforms to be implemented in a new context characterized by COVID-19. This article offers another vision to follow, to build a modern primary healthcare system. It is a descriptive and analytical study, which addresses the failure of the health system in general, as it proposes the reforms necessary to provide equitable, efficient and modern primary healthcare. The results clearly show that we can no longer act unilaterally; multi-sector efforts at the national level should be encouraged: we must act, in a preventive way, on the causes of the disease; international agreements on the environment, prices of basic foods and medicines, etc. are much needed to improve the health status of middle and low income countries, the case of the majority of African countries. So, different solutions can be conveyed by primary healthcare, in order to improve the whole health system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasreddine Aissaoui
- Department of Finance Sciences, Faculty of Economics, Business and Management Sciences, Oum El Bouaghi University, Oum El Bouaghi, Algeria
| | - Lamia Hamaizia
- Department of Management Sciences, Faculty of Economics, Business and Management Sciences, Oum El Bouaghi University, Oum El Bouaghi, Algeria
| | - Said Khalfa Brika
- Departement of Administrative Sciences, Applied College, University of Bisha, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
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Moritz BW. Benefits of a Student-Led, Longitudinal, Community Health Elective Based in Local Free and Charitable Clinics. ACADEMIC MEDICINE : JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN MEDICAL COLLEGES 2022; 97:768. [PMID: 35703907 DOI: 10.1097/acm.0000000000004651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Brandon W Moritz
- Third-year medical student, graduate research assistant, and 2020-2022 president of the University of Oklahoma Community Health Alliance, University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; ; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4978-741X
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20
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Yang H, Zheng Y, Yu F, Cheng B, Zhu Z, Liao S, Chen Y, Wu J, Wang F. Knowledge, Attitudes, and Social Responsiveness Toward Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Among Chinese Medical Students-Thoughts on Medical Education. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:647679. [PMID: 34179039 PMCID: PMC8232751 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.647679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To assess knowledge, attitudes, and social responsiveness toward COVID-19 among Chinese medical students. Methods: Self-administered questionnaires were used to collect data from 889 medical students in three well-known Chinese medical universities. The questionnaire was comprised of three domains which consisted of demographic characteristic collection, seven items for knowledge, and eight items for attitudes and social responsiveness toward COVID-19. Data from different universities were lumped together and were divided into different groups to compare the differences, including (1) students at the clinical learning stage (Group A) or those at the basic-medicine stage (Group B) and (2) students who have graduated and worked (Group C) or those newly enrolled (Group D). Results: Medical students at group B had a weaker knowledge toward COVID-19 than did students at group A, especially in the question of clinical manifestations (p < 0.001). The percentage of totally correct answers of COVID-19 knowledge in group C was higher than that in Group D (p < 0.001). There were significant differences between groups C and D in the attitudes and social responsiveness toward COVID-19. Surprisingly, we found that the idea of newly enrolled medical students could be easily affected by interventions. Conclusions: In light of this information, medical education should pay attention not only to the cultivation of professional knowledge and clinical skills but also to the positive interventions to better the comprehensive qualities including communicative abilities and empathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojun Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yue Zheng
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fang Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bohao Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ziqing Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Sheng Liao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianzhen Wu
- The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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21
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Zhang XY. Rapid Clinical Promotion Model of Standardized Training for Public Health Physicians in China. ADVANCES IN MEDICAL EDUCATION AND PRACTICE 2021; 12:463-471. [PMID: 34007236 PMCID: PMC8121270 DOI: 10.2147/amep.s306737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Public health is an important part of the national public safety system, and the establishment of a high-quality public health team with clinical knowledge and skills is increasingly valued, especially during pandemics of infectious diseases. PURPOSE Rapid clinical promotion model of standardized training for public health physicians would be created for reference by other institutions or organizations. DATA AND METHODS The data related to the standardized training of public health physicians of Grade 2019 in Shanghai were collected and sorted out, which were summarized and analyzed by interview method, field investigation method, inductive reasoning, analogy reasoning and extreme reasoning method. RESULTS The rapid clinical promotion mode mainly included the following: the establishment of the management core, the definition of training objectives and implementation plans, the preparatory work in the early stage, the implementation of training missions for public health physicians, the building mechanism of tracking and feedback for clinical training, continuous follow-up and optimization of the clinical standardized training system, and the solution of key issues in clinical standardized training for public health physicians. CONCLUSION The core of the model is the vertical management of a inter-disciplinary talent to plan and implement the affairs of standardized training for public health physicians comprehensively, as well as the timely intervention of key matters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Zhang
- Section of Education, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University; Department of Liver Disease, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, People’s Republic of China
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22
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Unger JP, Morales I, De Paepe P, Roland M. Integrating clinical and public health knowledge in support of joint medical practice. BMC Health Serv Res 2020; 20:1073. [PMID: 33292211 PMCID: PMC7724788 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-020-05886-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Strong relations between medicine and public health have long been advocated. Today, professional medical practice assumes joint clinical/public health objectives: GPs are expected to practice community medicine; Hospital specialists can be involved in disease control and health service organisation; Doctors can teach, coach, evaluate, and coordinate care; Clinicians should interpret protocols with reference to clinical epidemiology. Public health physicians should tailor preventive medicine to individual health risks. This paper is targeted at those practitioners and academics responsible for their teams' professionalism and the accessibility of care, where the authors argue in favour of the epistemological integration of clinical medicine and public health. MAIN TEXT Based on empirical evidence the authors revisit the epistemological border of clinical and public health knowledge to support joint practice. From action-research and cognitive psychology, we derive clinical/public health knowledge categories that require different transmission and discovery techniques. The knowledge needed to support the universal human right to access professional care bridges both clinical and public health concepts, and summons professional ethics to validate medical decisions. To provide a rational framework for teaching and research, we propose the following categories: 'Know-how/practice techniques', corresponding a.o. to behavioural, communication, and manual skills; 'Procedural knowledge' to choose and apply procedures that meet explicit quality criteria; 'Practical knowledge' to design new procedures and inform the design of established procedures in new contexts; and Theoretical knowledge teaches the reasoning and theory of knowledge and the laws of existence and functioning of reality to validate clinical and public health procedures. Even though medical interventions benefit from science, they are, in essence, professional: science cannot standardise eco-biopsychosocial decisions; doctor-patient negotiations; emotional intelligence; manual and behavioural skills; and resolution of ethical conflicts. CONCLUSION Because the quality of care utilises the professionals' skill-base but is also affected by their intangible motivations, health systems should individually tailor continuing medical education and treat collective knowledge management as a priority. Teamwork and coaching by those with more experience provide such opportunities. In the future, physicians and health professionals could jointly develop clinical/public health integrated knowledge. To this end, governments should make provision to finance non-clinical activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pierre Unger
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ingrid Morales
- Office de la Naissance et de l’Enfance, French Community of Belgium, Chaussée de Charleroi 95, B-1060 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre De Paepe
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Michel Roland
- Département de Médecine Générale, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik, 808, BP 612/1, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium
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