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Marco Sánchez JM, Bardón Cancho EJ, Benéitez D, Payán-Pernía S, Collado Gimbert A, Ruiz-Llobet A, Salinas JA, Sebastián E, Argilés B, Bermúdez M, Vázquez MÁ, Ortega MJ, López Rubio M, Gondra A, Uriz JJ, Morado M, Coll MT, López Duarte M, Baro M, Cervera Á, Recasens V, García Blanes C, Del Carcavilla MP, Tallon M, González Espín A, Olteanu Olteanu FC, González P, Del Mañú Pereira MM, Cela E. Haemoglobinopathies and other rare anemias in Spain: ten years of a nationwide registry (REHem-AR). Ann Hematol 2024; 103:2743-2755. [PMID: 38763941 PMCID: PMC11283438 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-024-05788-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
REHem-AR was created in 2013. The progressive implementation of neonatal screening for haemoglobinopathies in Spanish autonomous communities where the registry had not been implemented, as well as the addition of new centres during this period, has considerably increased the sample of patients covered. In this study, we update our previous publication in this area, after a follow-up of more than 5 years. An observational, descriptive, multicentre and ambispective study of adult and paediatric patients with haemoglobinopathies and rare anaemias registered in REHem was performed. The data are from a cross-sectional analysis performed on 1 June, 2023. The study population comprised 1,756 patients, of whom 1,317 had SCD, 214 had thalassaemia and 224 were diagnosed with another condition. Slightly more than one third of SCD patients (37%) were diagnosed based on neonatal bloodspot screening, and the mean age at diagnosis was 2.5 years; 71% of thalassaemia patients were diagnosed based on the presence of anaemia. Vaso-occlusive crisis and acute chest syndrome continue to be the most frequent complications in SCD. HSCT was performed in 83 patients with SCD and in 50 patients with thalassaemia. Since the previous publication, REHem-AR has grown in size by more than 500 cases. SCD and TM are less frequent in Spain than in other European countries, although the data show that rare anaemias are frequent within rare diseases. REHem-AR constitutes an important structure for following the natural history of rare anaemias and enables us to calculate investment needs for current and future treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel Marco Sánchez
- Data Manager of the Spanish Registry of Rare Haemoglobinopathies and Rare Anaemias (REHem-AR), Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute. Section of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology.Pediatrics Service, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, O'Donnell, 48, Madrid, Spain
- CSUR Erithropathology. ERN-EuroBloodNet. CIBERER, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Jesús Bardón Cancho
- CSUR Erithropathology. ERN-EuroBloodNet. CIBERER, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
- Section of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology. Pediatrics Service. Hospital General, Universitario Gregorio Marañón, O'Donnell, 48, Madrid, Spain.
| | - David Benéitez
- Hematology Service. Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron. Barcelona. ERN-Eurobloodnet, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig de La Vall d'Hebron, 119-129, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Salvador Payán-Pernía
- Hematology Service. Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Av. Manuel Siurot, S/N, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - Anna Collado Gimbert
- Section of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology. Pediatrics Service, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron. Barcelona, Passeig de La Vall d'Hebron, 119-129, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Ruiz-Llobet
- Hematology Service. Hospital Sant Joan de DéuUniversitat de Barcelona. Institut de Recerca Hospital Sant Joan de Déu. CSUR Eritropatología. ERN-EuroBloodNet, Passeig de Sant Joan de Déu, 2Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Antonio Salinas
- Section of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology. Pediatrics Service, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Carretera de Valldemossa, 79, 07120, Palma, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Elena Sebastián
- Section of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology. Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús. Foundation for Biomedical Research of the Niño Jesús University Childrens Hospital, Av. de Menéndez Pelayo, 65, 28009, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bienvenida Argilés
- Section of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology. Pediatrics Service. Hospital, Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Avinguda de Fernando Abril Martorell, 106, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mar Bermúdez
- Section of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology. Pediatrics Service. Hospital Clínico, Universitario Virgen de La Arrixaca, Ctra. Madrid-Cartagena, S/N, 30120El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Vázquez
- Section of Pediatric Hematology. Hospital Materno-Infantil Torrecárdenas, Calle Hermandad de Donantes Sangre S/N, 04009, Almería, Spain
| | - María José Ortega
- Section of Pediatric Hematology. Hospital, Universitario Virgen de Las Nieves, Av. de Las Fuerzas Armadas, 2, 18014, Granada, Spain
| | - Montserrat López Rubio
- Hematology Service. Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Carretera de Alcalá Meco S/N, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ainhoa Gondra
- Section of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology. Pediatrics Service, Hospital Universitario de Basurto, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Montevideo Etorb, 18, 48013, Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - José Javier Uriz
- Section of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology. Pediatrics Service, Hospital Universitario Donostia, , Begiristain Doktorea Pasealekua, S/N, 20014, Donostia, Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - Marta Morado
- Hematology Service. Hospital Universitario La Paz, Paseo de La Castellana 261, 28046 , Madrid, Spain
| | - María Teresa Coll
- Section of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology. Pediatrics Service, Hospital General de Granollers. , Carrer de Francesc Ribas, S/N, 08402, Barcelona, Granollers, Spain
| | - Mónica López Duarte
- Hematology Service, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Av Valdecilla S/N, 39008, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - María Baro
- Section of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology. Pediatrics Service, Hospital Doce de Octubre, Avenida Córdoba S/n2, 28041, Madrid, Spain
| | - Áurea Cervera
- Pediatric Service, Hospital Universitario Móstoles, C. Dr. Luis Montes, S/N, 28935, Madrid, Móstoles, Spain
| | - Valle Recasens
- Hematology Service. Hospital Miguel Servet, P.º de Isabel La Católica, 1-3, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Carmen García Blanes
- Section of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology. Pediatrics Service, Hospital Clínico Valencia, Av Blasco Ibáñez, 17, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Pozo Del Carcavilla
- Section of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology. Pediatrics Service, Complejo Hospitalario Albacete, C. Hermano Falco, 37, 02006, Albacete, Spain
| | - María Tallon
- Section of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology. Pediatrics Service, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, Estrada de Clara Campoamor, 341, 36312, Vigo, Spain
| | - Ana González Espín
- Section of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology. Pediatrics Service, Complejo Hospitalario Jaén, Av Ejército Español, 10, 23007, Jaén, Spain
| | - Filip Camil Olteanu Olteanu
- Section of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology. Pediatrics Service. Hospital, Universitario de Guadalajara, C Donante de Sangre, S/N, 19002, Guadalajara, Spain
| | - Pablo González
- Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Calle O'Donnell, 48, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Mar Del Mañú Pereira
- Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron. BarcelonaERN-EurobloodnetUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig de La Vall d'Hebron, 119-129, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Cela
- CSUR Erithropathology. ERN-EuroBloodNet. CIBERER, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Section of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology. Pediatrics Service. Hospital General, Universitario Gregorio Marañón, O'Donnell, 48, Madrid, Spain
- Coordinator of REHem-AR. Erythropathology Working Group of the Spanish Society of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology (SEHOP), Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
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Zhao M, O'Hara CA, Sahril NB, Liu H, Pei K, Ivanova O, Larsson EC, Shamu S, Kpokiri E, Cleeve A, Tucker JD, Michielsen K, Zhang WH. Associations between the COVID-19 pandemic and women's fertility intentions: a multi-country, cross-sectional (I-SHARE) study. BMJ SEXUAL & REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH 2024; 50:83-91. [PMID: 37857464 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsrh-2023-201819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 pandemic, together with the subsequent social distancing measures, could lead to shifts in family and fertility planning. This study aimed to explore the associations between the COVID-19 pandemic and changes in fertility intentions among an international sample of reproductive-aged women. METHODS A multi-country, cross-sectional study based on data from 10 672 women aged 18-49 years who participated in the International Sexual Health And REproductive Health (I-SHARE) study, which organised an international online survey between July 2020 and February 2021. Factors associated with changes in fertility intentions were explored using multinomial probit regression models. Cluster-robust standard errors were used to calculate model parameters. RESULTS Of 10 672 included reproductive-aged women, 14.4% reported changing their fertility intentions due to the pandemic, with 10.2% postponement and 4.2% acceleration. Women who had ever been isolated/quarantined were more likely to postpone their fertility intentions (adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=1.41; 95% CI 1.18 to 1.69) compared with those who had not; women who lived with a steady partner were more likely to want children sooner (AOR=1.57; 95% CI 1.10 to 2.23) compared with those who did not; and those who reported a higher frequency of getting angry, feeling frustrated, or worrying about their finances were more likely to postpone their fertility intentions. The main findings were robust in the sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS Most women who changed fertility intentions because of the pandemic have postponed intentions to expand their families. The pandemic-induced exposures were associated with these postponements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhao
- Department of Infectious Disease, Xi'an Jiaotong University Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- International Center for Reproductive Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | - Huijun Liu
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaiyan Pei
- Social Medicine Center, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Olena Ivanova
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research, Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Elin C Larsson
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Simukai Shamu
- Foundation for Professional Development, Health Systems Strengthening, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Eneyi Kpokiri
- Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Amanda Cleeve
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joseph D Tucker
- Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kristien Michielsen
- International Center for Reproductive Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wei-Hong Zhang
- International Center for Reproductive Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- School of Public Health, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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Saraswati CM, Judge MA, Weeda LJZ, Bassat Q, Prata N, Le Souëf PN, Bradshaw CJA. Net benefit of smaller human populations to environmental integrity and individual health and wellbeing. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1339933. [PMID: 38504675 PMCID: PMC10949988 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1339933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The global human population is still growing such that our collective enterprise is driving environmental catastrophe. Despite a decline in average population growth rate, we are still experiencing the highest annual increase of global human population size in the history of our species-averaging an additional 84 million people per year since 1990. No review to date has accumulated the available evidence describing the associations between increasing population and environmental decline, nor solutions for mitigating the problems arising. Methods We summarize the available evidence of the relationships between human population size and growth and environmental integrity, human prosperity and wellbeing, and climate change. We used PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science to identify all relevant peer-reviewed and gray-literature sources examining the consequences of human population size and growth on the biosphere. We reviewed papers describing and quantifying the risks associated with population growth, especially relating to climate change. Results These risks are global in scale, such as greenhouse-gas emissions, climate disruption, pollution, loss of biodiversity, and spread of disease-all potentially catastrophic for human standards of living, health, and general wellbeing. The trends increasing the risks of global population growth are country development, demographics, maternal education, access to family planning, and child and maternal health. Conclusion Support for nations still going through a demographic transition is required to ensure progress occurs within planetary boundaries and promotes equity and human rights. Ensuring the wellbeing for all under this aim itself will lower population growth and further promote environmental sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Melinda A. Judge
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Lewis J. Z. Weeda
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Quique Bassat
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
- Paediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ndola Prata
- Bixby Center for Population Health and Sustainability, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Peter N. Le Souëf
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Corey J. A. Bradshaw
- Global Ecology | Partuyarta Ngadluku Wardli Kuu, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
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Silverio-Murillo A, Hoehn-Velasco L, Balmori de la Miyar JR, Méndez Méndez JS. The (temporary) Covid-19 baby bust in Mexico. POPULATION STUDIES 2024; 78:113-126. [PMID: 36728210 DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2023.2168298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we investigate whether fertility and newborn health changed during the Covid-19 pandemic in Mexico. We use national administrative data and an event-study design to examine the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on fertility and newborn health characteristics. Our findings suggest that Mexico's fertility declined temporarily as measured by conceptions that likely occurred during the stay-at-home order. Initially, the general fertility rate fell by 11-12 per cent but quickly rebounded and returned close to its original levels by the end of 2021. Newborn health also deteriorated during the pandemic. Instances of low birthweight and prematurity substantially increased, with both remaining elevated over the entire pandemic period.
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Khachidze N, Manjavidze T, Anda EE, Nedberg IH, Sandøy IF, Rylander C. The impact of COVID-19-related restrictions on pregnancy and abortion rates in the Republic of Georgia. BMC Health Serv Res 2023; 23:1435. [PMID: 38110928 PMCID: PMC10729579 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-023-10417-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Republic of Georgia implemented COVID-19-related restrictions starting on 31 March 2020, when it imposed a 1-month strict lockdown, after which the country continued with some form of restrictions for 1 year. These restrictions created barriers to healthcare access, affected healthcare services, caused severe economic degradation, and changed reproductive behavior. The aim of this study was to explore the impact of COVID-19-related restrictions on pregnancy and abortion rates in Georgia. METHODS Information on pregnancy, abortion, and related variables was extracted from the Georgian Birth Registry from January 2018 through April 2022. The final study sample included 232,594 pregnancies and 86,729 abortions. We used interrupted time series analysis to study the impact of COVID-19-related restrictions. RESULTS There were slightly decreasing trends in pregnancy and abortion rates in the pre-pandemic period (1 January 2018-31 March 2020). During the 1-month strict lockdown (1 April-30 April 2020), pregnancy and abortion rates decreased in all investigated age groups. There were no substantial differences in pregnancy or abortion rates in the pandemic period (for pregnancies: 1 April 2020-30 June 2021; for abortions: 1 April 2020-30 April 2022) compared to the pre-pandemic period. The precision of all estimates suggested that both small increases and decreases in pregnancy and abortion rates are reasonably compatible with our data. CONCLUSIONS Despite the 1-year-long COVID-19-related restrictions, our results did not indicate substantial long-term changes in pregnancy or abortion rates during the study period for any age group. This may indicate that the restrictions did not substantially influence access to contraception, abortion services, or reproductive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nia Khachidze
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Tinatin Manjavidze
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Erik Eik Anda
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ingvild Hersoug Nedberg
- Department of Health and Care Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ingvild Fossgard Sandøy
- Center for Intervention Science in Maternal and Child Health, Centre for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Charlotta Rylander
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Silva ABDS, Costa LS, de Frias PG, Araújo ACDM, do Bonfim CV. Temporal analysis of mortality from preventable causes in the first 24 hours of life, 2000-2021. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem 2023; 31:e4079. [PMID: 38055593 PMCID: PMC10695294 DOI: 10.1590/1518-8345.6696.4079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE to analyze the temporal pattern and estimate mortality rates in the first 24 hours of life and from preventable causes in the state of Pernambuco from 2000 to 2021. METHOD an ecological study, using the quarter as the unit of analysis. The data source was made up of the Mortality Information System and the Live Birth Information System. The time series modeling was conducted according to the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average Model. RESULTS 14,462 deaths were recorded in the first 24 hours of life, 11,110 (76.8%) of which being preventable. It is observed from the forecasts that the mortality rate in the first 24 hours of life ranged from 3.3 to 2.4 per 1,000 live births, and the mortality rate from preventable causes ranged from 2.3 to 1.8 per 1,000 live births. CONCLUSION the prediction suggested progress in reducing mortality in the first 24 hours of life in the state and from preventable causes. The ARIMA models presented satisfactory estimates for mortality rates and preventable causes in the first 24 hours of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Beatriz dos Santos Silva
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brasil
- Instituto Aggeu Magalhães-Fiocruz, Recife, PE, Brasil
- Becaria de la Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), Brasil
| | | | | | - Ana Catarina de Melo Araújo
- Secretaria Estadual de Saúde de Pernambuco, Superintendência de Imunizações e Doenças Imunopreveníveis, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - Cristine Vieira do Bonfim
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brasil
- Fundação Joaquim Nabuco, Diretoria de Pesquisas Sociais, Recife, PE, Brasil
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Moreno-Louzada L, Menezes-Filho N. The relationship between staying at home during the pandemic and the number of conceptions: A national panel data analysis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289604. [PMID: 37566617 PMCID: PMC10420359 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
hether the COVID-19 pandemic has changed fertility patterns is still an open question, as social isolation for long periods can impact the number of conceptions in many ways. We combine administrative data on all recent births in Brazil with daily data on individual location to estimate the relationship between the share of individuals staying close to their homes in each week and the number of conceptions in that same week, comparing municipalities with different social isolation patterns during the first semester of 2020. We find that conceptions unequivocally decline when social isolation increases. The effect is stronger for women who are between 21 and 25 years old and more educated, as well as for richer, larger, and more urban municipalities. COVID-19 is likely to change fertility across countries depending on the behavior of the population and on the lock-down measures implemented to fight the pandemic.
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Alaimo LS, Nosova B, Salvati L. Did COVID-19 enlarge spatial disparities in population dynamics? A comparative, multivariate approach for Italy. QUALITY & QUANTITY 2023:1-30. [PMID: 37359970 PMCID: PMC10235851 DOI: 10.1007/s11135-023-01686-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
A short-term issue that has been occasionally investigated in the current literature is if (and, eventually, how) population dynamics (directly or indirectly) driven by COVID-19 pandemic have contributed to enlarge regional divides in specific demographic processes and dimensions. To verify this assumption, our study run an exploratory multivariate analysis of ten indicators representative of different demographic phenomena (fertility, mortality, nuptiality, internal and international migration) and the related population outcomes (natural balance, migration balance, total growth). We developed a descriptive analysis of the statistical distribution of the ten demographic indicators using eight metrics that assess formation (and consolidation) of spatial divides, controlling for shifts over time in both central tendency, dispersion, and distributional shape regimes. All indicators were made available over 20 years (2002-2021) at a relatively detailed spatial scale (107 NUTS-3 provinces) in Italy. COVID-19 pandemic exerted an impact on Italian population because of intrinsic (e.g. a particularly older population age structure compared with other advanced economies) and extrinsic (e.g. the early start of the pandemic spread compared with the neighboring European countries) factors. For such reasons, Italy may represent a sort of 'worst' demographic scenario for other countries affected by COVID-19 and the results of this empirical study can be informative when delineating policy measures (with both economic and social impact) able to mitigate the effect of pandemics on demographic balance and improve the adaptation capacity of local societies to future pandemic's crises.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bogdana Nosova
- Department of Social Communications, Institute of Giornalism, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Luca Salvati
- Department of Methods and Models for Economics, Territory and Finance, Faculty of Economics, Sapienza University of Rome, Via del Castro Laurenziano 9, 00161 Rome, Italy
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Safdari-Dehcheshmeh F, Noroozi M, Memar S, Taleghani F. Childbearing decisions and related factors in the COVID-19 pandemic: A narrative review study. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2023; 12:48. [PMID: 37113433 PMCID: PMC10127467 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_594_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has had considerable consequences in many areas of life, including the social area and childbearing plans. The present narrative review aimed to examine the childbearing decisions and its related factors during the COVID-19 pandemic. This review was conducted by searching in scientific databases, including Web of Science, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Scopus, Cochrane, PubMed, ProQuest, Scientific Information Database (SID), Iranian Research Institute for Information Science and Technology (IranDoc) and Iranian Journal Database (Magiran) in June 2022. The search resulted in 111 sources, of which 16 were in line with the research objective. Couples have mainly cancelled or delayed their previous plans related to childbearing decisions. There are two groups of direct and indirect factors related to childbearing decisions during the COVID-19 pandemic: The former includes (1) well-being-related factors such as economic conditions, interpersonal relationships and gender roles in terms of task division; and (2) health-related factors, including health emergencies and physical and psychological health. The latter includes factors such as social distancing and social media. Based on the results, governments should facilitate childbearing by adjusting existing policies, addressing economic insecurity and protecting the livelihoods of those affected by the crisis. Health policymakers and planners must also prioritize women's access to reproductive health services in a safe environment while promoting equity in access. It is also necessary to promote the quality and quantity of indirect care and virtual counseling based on the needs of women in crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faranak Safdari-Dehcheshmeh
- Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Noroozi
- Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Soraya Memar
- Department of Social Sciences, Isfahan University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fariba Taleghani
- Department of Adult Health Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Oguejiofor CB, Ebubechukwu KM, Eleje GU, Ugwu EO, Enebe JT, Ekwuazi KE, Okoro CC, Okpala BC, Okafor CC, Ezeora NC, Iloghalu EI, Anikwe CC, Okafor CG, Agu PU, Igbodike EP, Ake ID, Onwuegbuna AA, Umeononihu OS, Anaedu OP, Ikpeze OZ, Ikwuka DC, Nwaolisa HI, Emeka EA, Okoye JO, Osuagwu IK, Ugwu AO, Ejikeme TB, Ezenkwele EP, Ezeigwe CO, Nwankwo ME, Udigwe GO, Ikechebelu JI, Agbaeze G, Nwanja CD, Eke AC. The impact of COVID-19 on the birth rate in Nigeria: a report from population-based registries. INFECTIOUS DISEASES RESEARCH 2023; 4:4. [PMID: 37986732 PMCID: PMC10659584 DOI: 10.53388/idr2023004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Background and objectives Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic that has become a major source of morbidity and mortality worldwide, affecting the physical and mental health of individuals influencing reproduction. Despite the threat, it poses to maternal health in sub-Saharan Africa and Nigeria, there is little or no data on the impact it has on fertility, conception, gestation and birth. To compare the birth rate between pre-COVID and COVID times using selected months of the year. Materials and methods This was a secondary analysis of cross-sectional analytical study data from the birth registries of three tertiary hospitals, comparing two years [2019 (Pre-COVID)] versus [2020 (COVID era)] using three months of the year (October to December). The data relied upon was obtained from birth registries in three busy maternity clinics all within tertiary hospitals in South-East Nigeria and we aimed at discussing the potential impacts of COVID-19 on fertility in Nigeria. The secondary outcome measures were; mode of delivery, booking status of the participants, maternal age and occupation. Results There was a significant decrease in tertiary-hospital based birth rate by 92 births (P = 0.0009; 95% CI: -16.0519 to -4.1481) among mothers in all the three hospitals in 2020 during the COVID period (post lockdown months) of October to December. There was a significant difference in the mode of delivery for mothers (P = 0.0096) with a 95% confidence interval of 1.0664 to 1.5916, as more gave birth through vaginal delivery during the 2020 COVID-19 period than pre-COVID-19. Conclusion Tertiary-hospital based birth rates were reduced during the pandemic. Our multi-centre study extrapolated on possible factors that may have played a role in this decline in their birth rate, which includes but is not limited to; decreased access to hospital care due to the total lockdowns/curfews and worsening inflation and economic recession in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kenechi Miracle Ebubechukwu
- Preventive Medicine and Research Department, Clina-Lancet Laboratories, Victoria Island, Lagos 101241, Nigeria
| | - George Uchenna Eleje
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi PMB 5025, Nigeria
- Effective Care Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus 435001, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel Onyebuchi Ugwu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria Enugu Campus, Enugu, Enugu State 400102, Nigeria
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku Ozalla, Enugu State 400102, Nigeria
| | - Joseph Tochukwu Enebe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ESUT Teaching Hospital, Parklane, Enugu 400102, Nigeria
| | - Kingsley Emeka Ekwuazi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria Enugu Campus, Enugu, Enugu State 400102, Nigeria
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku Ozalla, Enugu State 400102, Nigeria
| | | | - Boniface Chukwuneme Okpala
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi PMB 5025, Nigeria
- Effective Care Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus 435001, Nigeria
| | | | - Nnanyelugo Chima Ezeora
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ESUT Teaching Hospital, Parklane, Enugu 400102, Nigeria
| | - Emeka Ifeanyi Iloghalu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria Enugu Campus, Enugu, Enugu State 400102, Nigeria
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku Ozalla, Enugu State 400102, Nigeria
| | - Chidebe Christian Anikwe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi PMB 5025, Nigeria
| | - Chigozie Geoffrey Okafor
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi PMB 5025, Nigeria
| | - Polycarp Uchenna Agu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria Enugu Campus, Enugu, Enugu State 400102, Nigeria
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku Ozalla, Enugu State 400102, Nigeria
| | - Emeka Philip Igbodike
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Havana Specialist Hospital, Surulere, Lagos 100011, Nigeria
| | - Iffiyeosuo Dennis Ake
- Clinical Trial Division, Drug Evaluation and Research Directorate, NAFDAC office Complex, Lagos 100011, Nigeria
| | | | - Osita Samuel Umeononihu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi PMB 5025, Nigeria
| | - Onyedika Promise Anaedu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi PMB 5025, Nigeria
| | - Odigonma Zinobia Ikpeze
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi PMB 5025, Nigeria
| | - David Chibuike Ikwuka
- Department of Human Physiology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Nnewi, Anambra State 435001, Nigeria
| | - Henry Ifeanyi Nwaolisa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi PMB 5025, Nigeria
| | - Ekene Agatha Emeka
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka 435001, Nigeria
| | - Jude Ogechukwu Okoye
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka 435001, Nigeria
| | | | - Angela Ogechukwu Ugwu
- Department of Haematology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria Enugu Campus, Enugu, Enugu State 400102, Nigeria
| | - Toochukwu Benjamin Ejikeme
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi PMB 5025, Nigeria
| | - Eziamaka Pauline Ezenkwele
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria Enugu Campus, Enugu, Enugu State 400102, Nigeria
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku Ozalla, Enugu State 400102, Nigeria
| | | | - Malarchy Ekwunife Nwankwo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi PMB 5025, Nigeria
| | - Gerald Okanandu Udigwe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi PMB 5025, Nigeria
- Preventive Medicine and Research Department, Clina-Lancet Laboratories, Victoria Island, Lagos 101241, Nigeria
| | - Joseph Ifeanyichukwu Ikechebelu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi PMB 5025, Nigeria
- Effective Care Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus 435001, Nigeria
| | - Grace Agbaeze
- Musgrove Park Hospital Somerset NHS, Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ahizechukwu Chigoziem Eke
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore 21201, U.S.A
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11
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Sarker MR, Rouf Sarkar MA, Alam MJ, Begum IA, Bhandari H. Systems thinking on the gendered impacts of COVID-19 in Bangladesh: A systematic review. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13773. [PMID: 36811121 PMCID: PMC9933548 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected women and threatens to overturn four decades of progress in Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 5: Gender Equality and Women's Empowerment. To better grasp the key areas of concern that gender inequality exists, gender studies and sex-disaggregated evidence are required. Using the PRISMA technique, this review paper is the first attempt to present a comprehensive and current picture of the gendered dimensions of the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh regarding economic well-being, resource endowments, and agency. This study found that women were more likely to face hardship as widows, mothers, or sole breadwinners after the loss of husbands and male household members because of the pandemic. The evidence suggests that the advancement of women during this pandemic was hampered by poor reproductive health outcomes; girls' dropping out of school; job loss; less income; a comparable wage gap; a lack of social security; unpaid work burnout; increased emotional, physical, and sexual abuse; an increase in child marriages; and less participation in leadership and decision-making. Our study found inadequate sex-disaggregated data and gender studies on COVID-19 in Bangladesh. However, our research concludes that policies must account for gender disparities and male and female vulnerability across multiple dimensions to achieve inclusive and effective pandemic prevention and recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mou Rani Sarker
- Sustainable Impact Platform, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abdur Rouf Sarkar
- Agricultural Economics Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), Gazipur, Bangladesh,Corresponding author.
| | - Mohammad Jahangir Alam
- Department of Agribusiness and Marketing, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Ismat Ara Begum
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Humnath Bhandari
- Impact, Policy, and Foresight Department, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Dhaka, Bangladesh
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12
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Auger N, Wei SQ, Dayan N, Ukah UV, Quach C, Lewin A, Healy-Profitós J, Ayoub A, Chang J, Luu TM. Impact of Covid-19 on rates of gestational diabetes in a North American pandemic epicenter. Acta Diabetol 2023; 60:257-264. [PMID: 36346488 PMCID: PMC9640820 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-022-02000-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We assessed the impact of Covid-19 on gestational diabetes rates in Quebec, the pandemic epicenter of Canada. METHODS We conducted a population-based study of 569,686 deliveries in Quebec between 2014 and 2021. We measured gestational diabetes rates in wave 1 (March 1, 2020-August 22, 2020) and wave 2 (August 23, 2020-March 31, 2021), compared with the prepandemic period. We used interrupted time series regression to assess changes in gestational diabetes rates during each wave, and log-binomial regression models to estimate adjusted risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association of the pandemic with gestational diabetes. We identified the types of patients that contributed to the change in gestational diabetes rates using Kitagawa's decomposition. RESULTS Gestational diabetes rates were higher during the first (13.2 per 100 deliveries) and second waves (14.3 per 100 deliveries) than during the prepandemic period (12.4 per 100 deliveries). Risk of gestational diabetes increased both in wave 1 (RR 1.05, 95% CI 1.02-1.09) and wave 2 (RR 1.14, 95% CI 1.10-1.18), compared with the prepandemic period. However, most of the increase in gestational diabetes rates was driven by low-risk women without Covid-19 infections who were socioeconomically advantaged, had no comorbidity, and were 25-34 years of age. CONCLUSIONS Gestational diabetes rates increased during the pandemic, mainly among women traditionally at low risk of hyperglycemia who did not have Covid-19 infections. Sudden widespread changes in screening or lifestyle can have a large impact on gestational diabetes rates in a population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Auger
- University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Shu Qin Wei
- Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Natalie Dayan
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ugochinyere V Ukah
- Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Caroline Quach
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, and Immunology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Antoine Lewin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Medical Affairs and Innovation, Héma-Québec, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jessica Healy-Profitós
- University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Aimina Ayoub
- University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jungmin Chang
- University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Thuy Mai Luu
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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13
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Lindau ST, Jagai JS, Abramsohn EM, Fuller CM, Wroblewski KE, Pinkerton EA, Makelarski JA. Unwanted sexual activity among United States women early in the COVID-19 pandemic. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2023; 228:209.e1-209.e16. [PMID: 36241078 PMCID: PMC9553968 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2022.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Female sexual activity and, accordingly, birth rates tend to decline in times of stress, such as a pandemic. In addition, when resources are scarce or exogenous conditions are threatening, some women may engage in sexual activity primarily to maintain socioeconomic security. Having unwanted sex may indicate sexual activity in exchange for economic security. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to describe patterns and correlates of unwanted sex, defined as having sex more frequently than desired, among US women early in the COVID-19 pandemic. STUDY DESIGN The National US Women's Health COVID-19 Study was conducted in April 2020, using a nested quota sample design to enroll 3200 English-speaking women (88% cooperation rate) aged 18 to 90 years recruited from a research panel. The quota strata ensured sufficient sample sizes in sociodemographic groups of interest, namely, racial and ethnic subgroups. Patterns of sexual activity, including unwanted sex early in the pandemic, were described. To further elucidate the experiences of women reporting unwanted sex, open-ended responses to an item querying "how the coronavirus pandemic is affecting your sex life" were assessed using conventional content analysis. Logistic regression analyses-adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, self-reported health, and prepandemic health-related socioeconomic risk factors, including food insecurity, housing instability, utilities and transportation difficulties, and interpersonal violence-were used to model the odds of unwanted sex by a pandemic-related change in health-related socioeconomic risk factors. RESULTS The proportion of women who were sexually active early in the pandemic (51%) was about the same as in the 12 months before the pandemic (52%), although 7% of women became active, and 7% of women became inactive. Overall, 11% of sexually active women were having unwanted sex in the early pandemic. The rates of anxiety, depression, traumatic stress symptoms, and each of the 5 health-related socioeconomic risk factors assessed were about 2 times higher among women having unwanted sex than other women (P<.001). Women having unwanted sex were also 5 times more likely than other women to report an increased frequency of sex since the pandemic (65% vs 13%; P<.001) and 6 times more likely to be using emergency contraception (18% vs 3%; P<.001). Women reporting unwanted sex commonly described decreased libido or interest in sex related to mood changes since the pandemic, having "more sex," fear or worry about the transmission of the virus because of sex, and having sex to meet the partner's needs. Among sexually active women, the odds of unwanted sex (adjusting for demographic, reproductive, and health factors) were higher among women with 1 prepandemic health-related socioeconomic risk factor (adjusted odds ratio, 2.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-3.8) and 2 or more prepandemic health-related socioeconomic risk factors (adjusted odds ratio, 6.0; 95% confidence interval, 3.4-10.6). Among sexually active women with any prepandemic health-related socioeconomic risk factor, those with new or worsening transportation difficulties early in the pandemic were particularly vulnerable to unwanted sex (adjusted odds ratio, 2.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.7-4.3). CONCLUSION More than 1 in 10 sexually active US women was having unwanted sex early in the COVID-19 pandemic. Socioeconomically vulnerable women, especially those with new or worsening transportation problems because of the pandemic, were more likely than others to engage in unwanted sex. Pandemic response and recovery efforts should seek to mitigate unwanted sexual activity and related health and social risks among women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy T Lindau
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Medicine Geriatrics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL.
| | - Jyotsna S Jagai
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Emily M Abramsohn
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Charles M Fuller
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | | | - El A Pinkerton
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Jennifer A Makelarski
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; College of Science and Health, Benedictine University, Lisle, IL
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14
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Borsa A, Calleo M, Faires J, Kaplan G, Sharif S, Zhang D, Meadow T. Love in the Time of COVID-19: The Social Dimensions of Intimate Life under Lockdown. SOCIUS : SOCIOLOGICAL RESEARCH FOR A DYNAMIC WORLD 2023; 9:23780231231161046. [PMID: 37065214 PMCID: PMC10083692 DOI: 10.1177/23780231231161046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Although popular media across the United States reported that the coronavirus disease 2019 COVID pandemic incited dramatic transformations in personal relationships, identities, and practices, little sociological research examines these developments. What exists elaborates the "how" and "how much" of sex, the frequency of sexual conduct, and changes in the patterning of sexual behavior. In this study of the intimate trajectories of 46 young adults, conducted during the height of U.S. quarantine restrictions in 2020 and early 2021, the authors explore the "whys" of sex. They find that the exogenous force of the pandemic profoundly altered individual relationship trajectories, prompted sexual introspection projects, shifted understandings of sexual risk, and promoted new modes of intimacy. These findings suggest that pandemic life reached deep into subjective self-understandings and ways of relating to others. They also reveal the benefits of foregrounding cultural meanings over behaviors, changes in thoughts over actions, and social processes over individual outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Tey Meadow
- Columbia University, New York, NY,
USA
- Tey Meadow, Columbia University, Department
of Sociology, 606 West 122nd Street, New York, NY 10027, USA.
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15
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Zhou FY, Li C, Qin KZ, Luo C, Huang HF, Wu YT. Delivery and neonatal outcomes of pregnant women during the Shanghai lockdown: A retrospective analysis. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:992908. [PMID: 36816385 PMCID: PMC9932883 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.992908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Shanghai witnessed an unprecedented outbreak of COVID-19 and experienced a strict lockdown from March 28, 2022 to May 31, 2022. Most studies to date are on the first lockdown after the outbreak in December 2019. This study aimed to examine the impact of lockdown on delivery and neonatal outcomes among uninfected pregnant women in the new phase of the COVID-19 outbreak. METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted in the Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University. Pregnant women without COVID-19 who delivered from March 28, 2022 to May 31, 2022 (lockdown group) and the same period in 2021 (non-lockdown group) were recruited for this study. Logistic regression models and 1 : 1 propensity score matching (PSM) were used to assess the effect of lockdown on delivery outcomes. RESULTS A total of 2,962 patients were included in this study, 1,339 of whom were from the lockdown group. Compared with the non-lockdown group, pregnant women giving birth during lockdown had an increased risk of term prelabor rupture of membranes (TPROM) (aOR = 1.253, 95% CI: 1.026-1.530), and decreased risks of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) (aOR = 0.362, 95% CI: 0.216-0.606) and fetal malformation (aOR = 0.309, 95% CI: 0.164-0.582). The risk of large for gestational age (LGA) (aOR = 0.802, 95% CI: 0.648-0.992) and rate of admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) (aOR = 0.722, 95% CI: 0.589-0.885) also significantly declined. After 1 : 1 PSM, the impact of lockdown on the risk of TPROM (aOR = 1.501, 95% CI: 1.083-2.080), PPH (aOR = 0.371, 95% CI: 0.211-0.654), fetal malformation (aOR = 0.332, 95% CI: 0.161-0.684), LGA (aOR = 0.749, 95% CI: 0.594-0.945) and rate of admission to the NICU (aOR = 0.700, 95% CI: 0.564-0.869) all remained. There were no other delivery or neonatal outcomes affected by the lockdown after the COVID-19 outbreak. CONCLUSION This study indicated a significant increase in the risk of term PROM, significant decreases in the risk of PPH, fetal malformation and LGA, and a marked decline in the rate of admission to the NICU during Shanghai Lockdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Yue Zhou
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai-Zhou Qin
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuan Luo
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - He-Feng Huang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Research Units of Embryo Original Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2019RU056), Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Ting Wu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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16
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Mooi-Reci I, Trinh TA, Vera-Toscano E, Wooden M. The impact of lockdowns during the COVID-19 pandemic on fertility intentions. ECONOMICS AND HUMAN BIOLOGY 2023; 48:101214. [PMID: 36565491 PMCID: PMC9762099 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2022.101214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Lockdown edicts during the COVID-19 pandemic have led to concerns about consequences for childbirth plans and decisions. Robust empirical research to either refute or confirm these concerns, however, is lacking. To evaluate the causal impact of lockdowns on fertility, we exploited a large sample of Australians (aged 18-45) from a nationally representative household panel survey and leveraged variation from a unique natural experiment that occurred in Australia in 2020: a lockdown imposed in the state of Victoria, but not elsewhere in Australia. Difference-in-differences models were estimated comparing changes in fertility intentions of persons who resided in Victoria during lockdown, or within four weeks of the lockdown being lifted, and those living elsewhere in Australia. Results revealed a significantly larger decline in reported intentions of having another child among women who lived through the protracted lockdown. The average effect was small, with fertility intentions estimated to fall by between 2.8% and 4.3% of the pre-pandemic mean. This negative effect was, however, more pronounced among those aged over 35 years, the less educated, and those employed on fixed-term contracts. Impacts on men's fertility intentions were generally negligible, but with a notable exception being Indigenous Australians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irma Mooi-Reci
- School of Social and Political Sciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Trong-Anh Trinh
- Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Esperanza Vera-Toscano
- Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Mark Wooden
- Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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17
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Luppi F, Arpino B, Rosina A. Fertility plans in the early times of the COVID-19 pandemic: The role of occupational and financial uncertainty in Italy. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271384. [PMID: 36480514 PMCID: PMC9731473 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the association between objective and subjective indicators of economic uncertainty, generated by the COVID-19 health and economic crisis, and young Italians' fertility plans during the 2020. We use unique repeated cross-sectional data, collected at different time points during the pandemic (March and October/November 2020) together with pre-COVID data (2016). The data offer a standard fertility intention question pre- and during-COVID, and also a direct question on whether pre-COVID fertility plans have been confirmed, postponed or abandoned. In March 2020, individuals with more vulnerable occupations show a lower probability of intending to have a(nother) child in the short-term and a higher probability of abandoning their pre-COVID fertility plan; in October 2020 changes in fertility plans do not vary by employment condition. Instead, both in March and October, those who suffered from a negative income shock and those with negative expectations on their future income and occupation are more likely to abandon their pre-pandemic fertility plan compared to their better off counterparts. Overall, economic uncertainty seems to have similarly affected men and women's fertility intentions. Our findings point to the fact that the unequal economic consequences of the pandemic also produced and will produce heterogeneous effects on fertility intentions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Luppi
- Department of Statistics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Bruno Arpino
- Department of Statistics, Computer Science, Applications, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rosina
- Department of Statistics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
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Pomar L, Favre G, de Labrusse C, Contier A, Boulvain M, Baud D. Impact of the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic on birth rates in Europe: a time series analysis in 24 countries. Hum Reprod 2022; 37:2921-2931. [PMID: 36228661 PMCID: PMC9619770 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deac215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Did the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic have an impact on monthly birth rates in Europe? SUMMARY ANSWER Using datasets on live births per month in Europe, collected from the Human Fertility Database, we found a -14.1% decline in live births in January 2021 (i.e. 9-10 months after the epidemic peaks and first lockdowns), compared to the average number of live births in January 2018 and 2019. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Previous pandemics in the 20th and 21st centuries have been associated with a decline in birth rates 9 months after their peak, and a rebound in births over time. Lockdowns were necessary to control the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic and may have had an impact on subsequent birth rates. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Monthly time series data on live births from January 2018 to March 2021 were extracted to provide a time-series analysis of birthrates during and after the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in 24 European countries. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS We conducted a random-effect generalized least squares regression to assess the seasonality of births from January 2018 to March 2021, and to identify potential differences in monthly live births after the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, considering the seasonality of births. To quantify these potential differences, we estimated the variation rate between the monthly live births observed during 2020 and 2021 and the mean of the 2018-2019 monthly live births in Europe. Factors potentially associated with a variation in monthly birth rates were assessed using univariable and multivariable generalized linear regressions. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE When considering the seasonality of births, January 2021 was the only month with a significant difference in live births. A drop of -14.1% was observed compared to the average number of live births in January 2018 and 2019. At the national level, this drop was observed 9-10 months after the epidemic peaks in 13 countries. The duration of lockdowns was the variable that had the stronger association with this decrease, whereas higher incomes per capita could be a factor limiting this decline. A rebound in births compared to the previous years occurred in March 2021 in 13 countries. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Our data are based on national data, limiting the power in the multivariable models used and the identification of other potential factors contributing to a decrease or an increase in birth rates. In addition, we collected only live births up to April 2021, which precludes the identification of a difference in births seasonality in 2021. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS As with previous pandemics, the COVID-19 outbreak was associated with a decline in births 9 months after its first wave. This trend may be associated with the duration of the lockdowns. Although there was a rebound in births in the following months, it does not seem to compensate for this decline. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) The authors receive no external funding and have no conflict of interest to declare. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léo Pomar
- Correspondence address. School of Health Sciences, Avenue de Beaumont 21, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland. Tel: +41-21-316-8457; E-mail:
| | - Guillaume Favre
- Department Woman-Mother-Child, Lausanne University Hospital and Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Claire de Labrusse
- School of Health Sciences (HESAV), HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Agathe Contier
- Department Woman-Mother-Child, Lausanne University Hospital and Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michel Boulvain
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - David Baud
- Department Woman-Mother-Child, Lausanne University Hospital and Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Wang Y, Gozgor G, Lau CKM. Effects of pandemics uncertainty on fertility. Front Public Health 2022; 10:854771. [PMID: 36111195 PMCID: PMC9468419 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.854771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected various dimensions of the economies and societies. At this juncture, this paper examines the effects of pandemics-related uncertainty on fertility in the panel dataset of 126 countries from 1996 to 2019. For this purpose, the World Pandemics Uncertainty Indices are used to measure the pandemics-related uncertainty. The novel empirical evidence is that pandemics-related uncertainty decreases fertility rates. These results are robust to estimate different models and include various controls. We also try to explain why the rise in uncertainty during the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in the fertility decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonglong Wang
- Research Centre of Modern Economic and Management, Zhejiang Yuexiu Univerisity of Foreign Languages, Shaoxing, China
| | - Giray Gozgor
- School of Management, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Political Sciences, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Adnan Kassar School of Business, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Chi Keung Marco Lau
- Department of Economics and Finance, The Hang Seng University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Xie X, Lei P, Liu L, Hu J, Liang P. Research trends and hotspots of COVID-19 impact on sexual function: A bibliometric analysis based on Web of Science. Front Public Health 2022; 10:976582. [PMID: 36062132 PMCID: PMC9437338 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.976582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has brought indelible harms to the world and aroused great concern worldwide. This paper aims to analyze the impact of COVID-19 on sexual function using bibliometrics, and summarize research hotspots in this field. Methods Relevant publications concerning the impact of COVID-19 on sexual function in the Web of Science collection database (WoSCC) between January 1, 2020 and March 12, 2022 were screened and analyzed by bibliometric analysis using the visualization software CiteSpace and VOSviewer. Results Of the 1,054 publications screened, the United States (US) contributed the most (398/37.8%), followed by the United Kingdom (UK) (119/11.3%). Among all institutions, the University of Toronto in Canada enjoyed the largest number of publications (30), and Johns Hopkins University in the US enjoyed the highest frequency of citation (235). The journal INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH published the largest number of studies in this field (31), and the most-cited journal was LANCET. "Chow, Eric," "Ong, Jason J," and "Stephenson, Rob" tied for first place in publications (8), and "Fish, Jessica N." enjoyed the highest number of citations (99). Burstness analysis of references and keywords showed that the developing research trends in this field mainly focused on "sexual transmission" and "angiotensin converting-enzyme 2 (ACE2)" during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion The impact of COVID-19 on sexual function remains an urgent concern at present, and the management of sexual health during the pandemic needs to be further improved. More frequent and deeper cooperation between countries and institutions is required in future. Meanwhile, searching for more evidence on whether COVID-19 can achieve sexual transmission and the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the impact of COVID-19 on sexual function remains a focus of research in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodu Xie
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Pan Lei
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lumiao Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian Hu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peihe Liang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,*Correspondence: Peihe Liang
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Zhang C, Wei L, Zhu Y, Teng L, Zhang W, Xu J, Qin M, Jiang N, Alias H, Wong LP. Fertility intentions among young people in the era of China's three-child policy: a national survey of university students. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2022; 22:637. [PMID: 35962340 PMCID: PMC9372952 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-022-04873-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to assess the fertility intentions of young people after the announcement of the three–child policy in China and to determine whether knowledge about reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health (RMNCH) services or support, childbearing- and childbirth-related anxiety, and parenthood–related anxiety influence fertility intentions. Methods A cross-sectional Internet-based survey was conducted on a nationwide sample of young people aged 18 to 28 years old in education institutions. Factors associated with fertility intentions were analysed using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). Results Only 4.2% of males and 1.7% of females intended to have three children or more. On the whole, the majority (40.3%) reported the intention to have two children. The mean and standard deviation (SD) for the total knowledge RMNCH support and/or services knowledge score was 9.5 (SD ± 8.9), out of a possible score of 39. The median and interquartile range (IQR) of childbearing– and childbirth-related anxiety score was 8.0 (IQR = 6.0–9.0), out of a possible score of 10. The median and IQR of parenthood–related anxiety score among the males was 6.0 (IQR = 4.0–9.0) and for females was 7.0 (IQR = 5.0–9.0). Results from PLS-SEM revealed that a higher level of knowledge of RMNCH support and/or services is significantly associated with higher fertility intentions. Both childbearing- and childbirth-related anxiety and parenthood–related anxiety were inversely associated with fertility intentions. Conclusion Raising awareness about RMNCH supportive measures and easing birth- and parenting anxiety are imperative to enhance birth rates. Future policies should pay more attention to these determinants to achieve their intended goal of boosting population growth. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12884-022-04873-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyun Zhang
- Department of Health Law and Policy, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian Province, China. .,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian Province, China.
| | - Lingling Wei
- Department of Health Law and Policy, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yinyan Zhu
- Psychological Health Education and Counseling Center, Xiamen City University, Xiamen, 361000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Li Teng
- School of Management, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Wenchang Zhang
- Department of Health Law and Policy, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian Province, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian Province, China
| | - Jia Xu
- School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Mengqi Qin
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Na Jiang
- Department of Health Law and Policy, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian Province, China
| | - Haridah Alias
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Li Ping Wong
- Department of Health Law and Policy, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian Province, China. .,Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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22
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Maire J, Sattar A, Henry R, Warren F, Merkle M, Rounsevell M, Alexander P. How different COVID-19 recovery paths affect human health, environmental sustainability, and food affordability: a modelling study. Lancet Planet Health 2022; 6:e565-e576. [PMID: 35809586 PMCID: PMC9259001 DOI: 10.1016/s2542-5196(22)00144-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic arrived at a time of faltering global poverty reduction and increasing levels of diet-related diseases, both of which have a strong link to poor outcomes for those with COVID-19. Governments responded to the pandemic by placing unprecedented restrictions on internal and external movements, which have resulted in an economic contraction. In response to the economic shock, G20 governments have committed to providing US$14 trillion stimuli to support economic recovery. We aimed to assess the impact of different COVID-19 recovery paths on human health, environmental sustainability, and food sustainability. METHODS We used LandSyMM, a global gridded land use change model, to analyse the impact of recovery paths from COVID-19. The paths were illustrated by four scenarios that represent different pandemic severities (including a single or recurrent pandemic) and alternate modes of recovery, including a transition of food demand towards healthier diets that result in changes to the food system: (1) solidarity and celery, (2) nothing new, (3) fries and fragmentation, and (4) best laid plans. For each scenario, we modelled the economic shocks of the pandemic and the impact of policy measures to promote healthier diets in the years after the COVID-19 pandemic, including the supply of and demand for food, environmental outcomes, and human health outcomes. The four scenarios use established future population growth and economic development projections derived from the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways 2. We quantified the outcomes from more societally cooperative pandemic responses that result in reduced trade barriers and improved technological development against less cooperative responses. FINDINGS Repeated pandemic shocks (the fries and fragmentation and best laid plans scenarios) reduce the ability of the lowest income countries to ensure food security. A post-pandemic recovery that includes dietary transition towards the consumption of less meat and more fruits and vegetables (the solidarity and celery scenario) could prevent 2583 premature deaths per million in 2060, whereas recovery paths that are focused on economic recovery (the fries and fragmentation scenario) could trigger an additional 778 deaths per million in 2060. The transition of dietary preferences towards healthier diets (the solidarity and celery scenario) also reduces nitrogen fertiliser use by 40 million tonnes and irrigation water by 400 km3 compared with no dietary change in 2060 (the nothing new scenario). Finally, the scenario with dietary transition increases the affordability of the average diet. INTERPRETATION The economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic is most visible in low-income countries, where a reduction in growth projections makes a greater difference to the affordability of a basic diet. A change in dietary preferences is most impactful in reducing mortality and the burden of disease when income levels are high. At lower income, a transition towards lower meat consumption reduces undernourishment and diet-related mortality. FUNDING The Global Food Security's Resilience of the UK Food System Programme project, with support from the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, Economic and Social Research Council, Natural Environment Research Council, and the Scottish Government.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Maire
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Aimen Sattar
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Roslyn Henry
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Frances Warren
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Magnus Merkle
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mark Rounsevell
- Land Use & Climate Change Research Group, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany
| | - Peter Alexander
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Da Costa HVV, Vieira do Bonfim C, Fusco W, Moreira MDM, Maciano de Paula Neto F. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the number of births in Pernambuco Brazil. GEOSPATIAL HEALTH 2022; 17. [PMID: 35735943 DOI: 10.4081/gh.2022.1069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed at analysing the potential effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the time series and spatial patterns of live births in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil, from 2010 to 2021. This is an ecological study that applied intervention analysis in time series, with the goal to identify how projected data behaved in relation to observed data in the months December 2020 to November 2021, i.e. months representing conceptions from March2020 to April 2021. For the state of Pernambuco, a discrepancy up to +5.7% was found between the observed and projected data, while the respective difference for the São Francisco mesoregion showed the opposite trend with maximum discrepancy of -9%. The results did not indicate a clear change in the number of live births but supported the expected continuation of the downward trend of the previous years. Considering the importance of the number of live births in the context of demography, economy and public health, monitoring must be maintained to analyse the possible future impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on live birth projections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristine Vieira do Bonfim
- Joaquim Nabuco Foundation, Recife, Pernambuco; Postgraduate Program in Collective Health, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco.
| | - Wilson Fusco
- Joaquim Nabuco Foundation, Recife, Pernambuco; Postgraduate Program in Demographics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Lagoa Nova, Natal.
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Razeghi Nasrabad HB, Sasanipour M. Effect of COVID-19 Epidemic on Life Expectancy and Years of Life Lost in Iran: A Secondary Data Analysis. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022; 47:210-218. [PMID: 35634521 PMCID: PMC9126904 DOI: 10.30476/ijms.2021.90269.2111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a significant number of deaths in many countries around the world. This study provides an estimate of the effect of the COVID-19 epidemic on life expectancy and years of life lost (YLL) in Iran. Methods This study is a secondary data analysis carried out in 2020. Mortality data from COVID-19 were obtained from the Ministry of Health and Medical Education. Since the calculation of mortality rates requires the number of people at risk of death, this data was obtained from the Statistics Center of Iran and was used after a detailed evaluation. The effect of COVID-19 on mortality is evaluated using the techniques of a multi-decrement life table and the corresponding single-reduction life table. The YLL is calculated using the standard method provided by the World Health Organization. Results Analysis of mortality data showed that deaths due to COVID-19 could reduce life expectancy at birth by 1.4 years in 2020. Therefore, life expectancy at birth declined from 75.1 years to 73.7 years. Furthermore, the deaths due to COVID-19 from the outbreak to early February 2021 have caused about 800,000 years of YLL, which is almost as much as the YLL caused by cancers and tumors. Conclusion A decrease in life expectancy at birth by more than one year in countries with a life expectancy of over 70 years, such as Iran, can delay the increase in life expectancy for several years.
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Druetz T, Cooper S, Bicaba F, Bila A, Shareck M, Milot DM, Tiendrebeogo C, Bicaba A. Change in childbearing intention, use of contraception, unwanted pregnancies, and related adverse events during the COVID-19 pandemic: Results from a panel study in rural Burkina Faso. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 2:e0000174. [PMID: 36962234 PMCID: PMC10021617 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Evidence on how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected women's reproductive health remains scarce, particularly for low- and middle-income countries. Deleterious indirect effects seem likely, particularly on access to contraception and risk of unwanted pregnancies, but rigorous evaluations using quasi-experimental designs are lacking. Taking a diachronic perspective, we aimed to investigate the effects of the pandemic on four indicators of women's reproductive health: history of recent adverse events during pregnancy (past), use of contraception and unwanted pregnancies (present), and childbearing intentions (future). This study was conducted in four rural health districts of Burkina Faso: Banfora, Leo, Sindou and Tenado. Two rounds of household surveys (before and during the pandemic) were conducted in a panel of 696 households using standardized questionnaires. The households were selected using a stratified two-stage random sampling method. All women aged 15-49 years living in the household were eligible for the study. The same households were visited twice, in February 2020 and February 2021. The effects were estimated by fitting hierarchical regression models with fixed effects or random intercepts at the individual level. A total of 814 and 597 women reported being sexually active before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, respectively. The odds of not wanting (any more) children were two times higher during the pandemic than before (2.0, 95% CI [1.32-3.04]). Among those with childbearing intention, the average desired delay until the next pregnancy increased from 28.7 to 32.8 months. When comparing 2021 versus 2020, there was an increase in the adjusted odds ratio of contraception use (1.23, 95% CI [1.08-1.40]), unwanted pregnancies (2.07, 95% CI [1.01-4.25]), and self-reported history of miscarriages, abortions, or stillbirths in the previous 12 months (2.4, 95% CI [1.04-5.43]). Our findings in rural Burkina Faso do not support the predicted detrimental effects of COVID-19 on the use of family planning services in LMICs, but confirm that it negatively affects pregnancy intentions. Use of contraception increased significantly among women in the panel, but arguably not enough to avoid an increase in unwanted pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Druetz
- Département de médecine sociale et préventive, École de santé publique, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Centre de recherche en santé publique, Montréal, Canada
- Center for Applied Malaria Research and Evaluation, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Sarah Cooper
- Département de médecine sociale et préventive, École de santé publique, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Frank Bicaba
- Société d’Études et de Recherches en Santé Publique, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Alice Bila
- Société d’Études et de Recherches en Santé Publique, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Martine Shareck
- Département des sciences de la santé communautaire, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - David-Martin Milot
- Département des sciences de la santé communautaire, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Cheick Tiendrebeogo
- Département de médecine sociale et préventive, École de santé publique, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Abel Bicaba
- Société d’Études et de Recherches en Santé Publique, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
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Silverman ME, Sami TJ, Kangwa TS, Burgos L, Stern TA. Socioeconomic Disparity in Birth Rates During the COVID-19 Pandemic in New York City. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2022; 31:1113-1119. [PMID: 35404128 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2021.0571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The differential impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic across race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status remains poorly understood. While recent explorations into birthrates during the pandemic have revealed significant declines, how birthrates may have differed between racial and socioeconomic subgroups during the pandemic remains to be detailed. Methods: Using electronic health records from a large hospital network in New York serving a racially and socioeconomically diverse population, we explored birthrates associated with conceptions that occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown for demographic and obstetric differences. Results: Two thousand five hundred twenty-three unique patient deliveries corresponded with conceptions that occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in New York. Compared to the same period the previous year, there was a 22.85% decrease in births. Explorations into differences in birthrates by socioeconomic status revealed that much of the decline could be explained by fewer births among individuals living in higher socioeconomic status as opposed to individuals living in urban economic poverty [χ2(n = 5588) = 18.35, p < 0.01]. Conclusion: On March 22, 2020, New York instituted a prohibition of all nonessential social gatherings and the closure of all nonessential businesses. Although the full impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on reproductive health and outcomes remains largely unknown, the decreased birthrate associated with the initial COVID-19 wave in New York was not entirely unexpected. While the mechanisms that drive health disparities are complex and multifactorial, most of the decrease occurred among those living in higher socioeconomic status. This finding has important implications for understanding health behaviors and disparities among minorities living in low socioeconomic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Silverman
- Department of Psychiatry and Gynecology and Reproductive Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, The Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Tanya J Sami
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, The Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Thandiwe S Kangwa
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, The Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Laudy Burgos
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, The Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Toni A Stern
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, The Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York, USA
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Vohra K, Marais EA, Bloss WJ, Schwartz J, Mickley LJ, Van Damme M, Clarisse L, Coheur PF. Rapid rise in premature mortality due to anthropogenic air pollution in fast-growing tropical cities from 2005 to 2018. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm4435. [PMID: 35394832 PMCID: PMC8993110 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm4435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Tropical cities are experiencing rapid growth but lack routine air pollution monitoring to develop prescient air quality policies. Here, we conduct targeted sampling of recent (2000s to 2010s) observations of air pollutants from space-based instruments over 46 fast-growing tropical cities. We quantify significant annual increases in nitrogen dioxide (NO2) (1 to 14%), ammonia (2 to 12%), and reactive volatile organic compounds (1 to 11%) in most cities, driven almost exclusively by emerging anthropogenic sources rather than traditional biomass burning. We estimate annual increases in urban population exposure to air pollutants of 1 to 18% for fine particles (PM2.5) and 2 to 23% for NO2 from 2005 to 2018 and attribute 180,000 (95% confidence interval: -230,000 to 590,000) additional premature deaths in 2018 (62% increase relative to 2005) to this increase in exposure. These cities are predicted to reach populations of up to 80 million people by 2100, so regulatory action targeting emerging anthropogenic sources is urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karn Vohra
- School of Geography, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Geography, University College London, London, UK
- Corresponding author. (E.A.M.); (K.V.)
| | - Eloise A. Marais
- Department of Geography, University College London, London, UK
- Corresponding author. (E.A.M.); (K.V.)
| | - William J. Bloss
- School of Geography, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Loretta J. Mickley
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Martin Van Damme
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Spectroscopy, Quantum Chemistry and Atmospheric Remote Sensing (SQUARES), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lieven Clarisse
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Spectroscopy, Quantum Chemistry and Atmospheric Remote Sensing (SQUARES), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre-F. Coheur
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Spectroscopy, Quantum Chemistry and Atmospheric Remote Sensing (SQUARES), Brussels, Belgium
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28
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Rahman Mahfuzur M, Shafiul Alam M, Arif Billah M. Early impact of COVID-19 pandemic on childbearing plan in Bangladesh. BIODEMOGRAPHY AND SOCIAL BIOLOGY 2022; 67:150-163. [PMID: 35799424 DOI: 10.1080/19485565.2022.2094336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has already had many consequences for social life. This paper focused on the early impact of COVID-19 pandemic on pandemic-period childbearing plan that was made before the onset of the pandemic. Data were collected by posting survey questionnaire on social networks in Bangladesh. A total of 384 Bangladeshi men and women of reproductive age were analyzed using descriptive and multivariate logistic regression analyses after adjusting the data by applying sampling weights. One out of every five respondents was found to cancel their pandemic-period pregnancy plan by considering potential crises related to COVID-19 pandemic. Our findings showed that in canceling pandemic-period pregnancy, factors related to the potential crises of the pandemic emerged as more important than some persistent determinants of fertility, fertility intention and non-realization of fertility intention. Infection of COVID-19 to the acquaintance, being teenager, complete stopping and decline in income, and acquaintance's suggestion not to get pregnant during the pandemic played key role in canceling the pandemic-period pregnancy plan. Although it is uncertain if the impact of COVID-19 will substantially be reflected in the future fertility estimates of Bangladesh, the pandemic showed negative impact on pandemic-period childbearing plan during the early months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Rahman Mahfuzur
- Department of Population Science and Human Resource Development, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shafiul Alam
- Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Md Arif Billah
- Department of Social Work and Counselling, Faculty of Business, Economics and Social Development, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Malaysia
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29
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Deiner MS, Seitzman GD, Kaur G, McLeod SD, Chodosh J, Lietman TM, Porco TC. Sustained Reductions in Online Search Interest for Communicable Eye and Other Conditions During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Infodemiology Study. JMIR INFODEMIOLOGY 2022; 2:e31732. [PMID: 35320981 PMCID: PMC8931841 DOI: 10.2196/31732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background In a prior study at the start of the pandemic, we reported reduced numbers of Google searches for the term “conjunctivitis” in the United States in March and April 2020 compared with prior years. As one explanation, we conjectured that reduced information-seeking may have resulted from social distancing reducing contagious conjunctivitis cases. Here, after 1 year of continued implementation of social distancing, we asked if there have been persistent reductions in searches for “conjunctivitis,” and similarly for other communicable disease terms, compared to control terms. Objective The aim of this study was to determine if reduction in searches in the United States for terms related to conjunctivitis and other common communicable diseases occurred in the spring-winter season of the COVID-19 pandemic, and to compare this outcome to searches for terms representing noncommunicable conditions, COVID-19, and to seasonality. Methods Weekly relative search frequency volume data from Google Trends for 68 search terms in English for the United States were obtained for the weeks of March 2011 through February 2021. Terms were classified a priori as 16 terms related to COVID-19, 29 terms representing communicable conditions, and 23 terms representing control noncommunicable conditions. To reduce bias, all analyses were performed while masked to term names, classifications, and locations. To test for the significance of changes during the pandemic, we detrended and compared postpandemic values to those expected based on prepandemic trends, per season, computing one- and two-sided P values. We then compared these P values between term groups using Wilcoxon rank-sum and Fisher exact tests to assess if non-COVID-19 terms representing communicable diseases were more likely to show significant reductions in searches in 2020-2021 than terms not representing such diseases. We also assessed any relationship between a term’s seasonality and a reduced search trend for the term in 2020-2021 seasons. P values were subjected to false discovery rate correction prior to reporting. Data were then unmasked. Results Terms representing conjunctivitis and other communicable conditions showed a sustained reduced search trend in the first 4 seasons of the 2020-2021 COVID-19 pandemic compared to prior years. In comparison, the search for noncommunicable condition terms was significantly less reduced (Wilcoxon and Fisher exact tests, P<.001; summer, autumn, winter). A significant correlation was also found between reduced search for a term in 2020-2021 and seasonality of that term (Theil-Sen, P<.001; summer, autumn, winter). Searches for COVID-19–related conditions were significantly elevated compared to those in prior years, and searches for influenza-related terms were significantly lower than those for prior years in winter 2020-2021 (P<.001). Conclusions We demonstrate the low-cost and unbiased use of online search data to study how a wide range of conditions may be affected by large-scale interventions or events such as social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our findings support emerging clinical evidence implicating social distancing and the COVID-19 pandemic in the reduction of communicable disease and on ocular conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Deiner
- Francis I Proctor Foundation University of California San Francisco San Francisco, CA United States.,Department of Ophthalmology University of California San Francisco San Francisco, CA United States
| | - Gerami D Seitzman
- Francis I Proctor Foundation University of California San Francisco San Francisco, CA United States.,Department of Ophthalmology University of California San Francisco San Francisco, CA United States
| | - Gurbani Kaur
- School of Medicine University of California San Francisco San Francisco, CA United States
| | - Stephen D McLeod
- Francis I Proctor Foundation University of California San Francisco San Francisco, CA United States.,Department of Ophthalmology University of California San Francisco San Francisco, CA United States
| | - James Chodosh
- Department of Ophthalmology Massachusetts Eye and Ear Harvard Medical School Boston, MA United States
| | - Thomas M Lietman
- Francis I Proctor Foundation University of California San Francisco San Francisco, CA United States.,Department of Ophthalmology University of California San Francisco San Francisco, CA United States.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Global Health Sciences University of California San Francisco San Francisco, CA United States
| | - Travis C Porco
- Francis I Proctor Foundation University of California San Francisco San Francisco, CA United States.,Department of Ophthalmology University of California San Francisco San Francisco, CA United States.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Global Health Sciences University of California San Francisco San Francisco, CA United States
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30
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Sarel R. Crime and punishment in times of pandemics. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF LAW AND ECONOMICS 2021; 54:155-186. [PMID: 35923871 PMCID: PMC8648867 DOI: 10.1007/s10657-021-09720-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
How should we think about crime deterrence in times of pandemics? The economic analysis of crime tells us that potential offenders will compare the costs and the benefits from crime and from innocence and then choose whichever option is more profitable. We must therefore ask ourselves how this comparison is affected by the outbreak of a pandemic and the policy changes which may accompany it, such as governmental restrictions, social distancing, and responses to economic crises. Using insights from law and economics, this paper investigates how the various components in the cost-benefit analysis of crime might change during a pandemic, focusing on Covid-19 as a test case. Building on classical theoretical models, existing empirical evidence, and behavioral aspects, the analysis reveals that there are many potentially countervailing effects on crime deterrence. The paper thus highlights the need to carefully consider which aspects are applicable given the circumstances of the pandemic, as whether crime deterrence will increase or decrease should depend on the strength of the effects at play.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roee Sarel
- Institute of Law and Economics, University of Hamburg, Johnsallee 35, D-20148 Hamburg, Germany
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31
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Maier M, Samari G, Ostrowski J, Bencomo C, McGovern T. 'Scrambling to figure out what to do': a mixed method analysis of COVID-19's impact on sexual and reproductive health and rights in the United States. BMJ SEXUAL & REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH 2021; 47:e16. [PMID: 34376524 PMCID: PMC8359865 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsrh-2021-201081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A weak and politicised COVID-19 pandemic response in the United States (US) that failed to prioritise sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) overlaid longstanding SRHR inequities. In this study we investigated how COVID-19 affected SRHR service provision in the US during the first 6 months of the pandemic. METHODS We used a multiphase, three-part, mixed method approach incorporating: (1) a comprehensive review of state-by-state emergency response policies that mapped state-level actions to protect or suspend SRHR services including abortion, (2) a survey of SRHR service providers (n=40) in a sample of 10 states that either protected or suspended services and (3) in-depth interviews (n=15) with SRHR service providers and advocacy organisations. RESULTS Twenty-one states designated some or all SRHR services as essential and therefore exempt from emergency restrictions. Protections, however, varied by state and were not always comprehensive. Fourteen states acted to suspend abortion. Five cross-cutting themes surrounding COVID-19's impact on SRHR services emerged across the survey and interviews: reductions in SRHR service provision; shifts in service utilisation; infrastructural impacts; the critical role of state and local governments; and exacerbation of SRHR inequities for certain groups. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates serious disruptions to the provision of SRHR care that exacerbated existing SRHR inequities. The presence or absence of policy protections for SRHR services had critical implications for providers and patients. Policymakers and service providers must prioritise and integrate SRHR into emergency preparedness planning and implementation, with earmarked funding and tailored service delivery for historically oppressed groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malia Maier
- Heilbrunn Department of Population and Family Health, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA
- Program on Global Health Justice and Governance, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Goleen Samari
- Heilbrunn Department of Population and Family Health, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA
- Program on Global Health Justice and Governance, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jennifer Ostrowski
- Heilbrunn Department of Population and Family Health, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA
- Program on Global Health Justice and Governance, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Clarisa Bencomo
- Heilbrunn Department of Population and Family Health, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA
- Program on Global Health Justice and Governance, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Terry McGovern
- Heilbrunn Department of Population and Family Health, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA
- Program on Global Health Justice and Governance, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA
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32
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Gu D, Andreev K, Dupre ME. Major Trends in Population Growth Around the World. China CDC Wkly 2021; 3:604-613. [PMID: 34594946 PMCID: PMC8393076 DOI: 10.46234/ccdcw2021.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The world’s population continues to grow, albeit at a slower pace. The decelerating growth is mainly attributable to fertility declines in a growing number of countries. However, there are substantial variations in the future trends of populations across regions and countries, with sub-Saharan African countries being projected to have most of the increase. Population momentum plays an important role in determining the future population growth in many countries and areas where fertility is in a rapid transition. With declines in fertility, the world’s population is unprecedentedly aging, and the numbers of households with smaller sizes are growing. International migration is also on the rise since the beginning of this century. The world’s population is also urbanizing due to increased internal rural to urban migration. Nevertheless, there are uncertainties in future population growth, not only because there are uncertainties in the future trends in fertility, mortality, and migration, but also because there are many other factors that could affect these trajectories. International consensus on climate change and ecosystem protections may trigger population control policies, and the ongoing pandemic is likely to have some impact on mortality, migration, or even fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danan Gu
- United Nations Population Division, New York, USA
| | | | - Matthew E Dupre
- Department of Population Health Sciences & Department of Sociology, Duke University, North Carolina, USA
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33
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De Rose AF, Ambrosini F, Mantica G, Terrone C. Impact of COVID-19 on birth rate trends in the Italian Metropolitan Cities of Milan, Genoa and Turin. Public Health 2021; 198:35-36. [PMID: 34352613 PMCID: PMC9451612 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2021.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The COVID-19 pandemic has led to major changes in the lives of people worldwide, including changes in personal and social habits. Faced with this global health emergency, governments have imposed strict mitigation measures. Within this context, and considering data from previous epidemics, it has been proposed that birth rates may have been negatively impacted. This study aimed to assess the trends in birth rates in three main industrial cities in Northern Italy during the COVID-19 pandemic. Study design This was a retrospective and observational study. Methods Data on birth rates were collected and compared for the cities of Milan, Genoa and Turin from November 2019 to January 2020 (i.e. before the COVID-19 pandemic) and during the same period of the following year (i.e. during the COVID-19 pandemic). Results Birth rates in the cities of Milan, Genoa and Turin decreased by 55%, 12% and 33%, respectively. Conclusions The decrease in birth rates during the COVID-19 pandemic in these three industrialised cities is in line with the demographic effects of previous pandemics. The negative impact of COVID-19 on conception may be a result of various underlying factors. Further studies are required to verify how social and demographic factors may influence birth rates during pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F De Rose
- Department of Urology, Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi, Genoa, Italy
| | - F Ambrosini
- Department of Urology, Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi, Genoa, Italy.
| | - G Mantica
- Department of Urology, Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi, Genoa, Italy
| | - C Terrone
- Department of Urology, Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi, Genoa, Italy
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34
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Khowaja BMH, Shalwani Q. Impact of COVID-19 on family planning. Eur J Midwifery 2021; 5:22. [PMID: 34240012 PMCID: PMC8238004 DOI: 10.18332/ejm/137484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bakhtawar M H Khowaja
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Quratulain Shalwani
- Institute of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, South City Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
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35
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Gordon DS. Extrinsic and Existential Mortality Risk in Reproductive Decision-Making: Examining the Effects of COVID-19 Experience and Climate Change Beliefs. Front Psychol 2021; 12:644600. [PMID: 34220614 PMCID: PMC8253051 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.644600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While the COVID-19 pandemic has presented an immediate risk to human life around the world, climate change poses an arguably greater-although less immediate-threat to our species' survival. Within the framework of life-history theory (LHT), this pre-registered study investigated whether extrinsic risk (i.e., external factors that pose a risk to an individual's life, e.g., COVID-19) and existential risk (i.e., risks with outcomes that threaten the existence of humans as a species, e.g., climate change) had similar or different relationships with reproductive decision-making. A UK representative sample of 325 participants between 18 and 35 years of age was asked to indicate their ideal number of children, ideal age to start having children, and whether their desire for a child had recently changed. Participants were asked about their experiences of COVID-19 and given a series of scales with which to assess their beliefs about climate change. In support of LHT, the study found evidence that knowing people who had been hospitalized with or died of COVID-19 was associated with a greater ideal number of children. Conversely, there was no clear evidence of a relationship between climate change beliefs and reproductive decision-making. The repercussions for understanding how we interpret and respond to different forms of mortality risk are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S. Gordon
- School of Psychology, University of Chester, Chester, United Kingdom
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