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Kim SH, Kim H, Jeong SH, Park EC. Association of the Type of Public Pension With Mental Health Among South Korean Older Adults: Longitudinal Observational Study. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2024; 10:e49129. [PMID: 38696246 PMCID: PMC11099812 DOI: 10.2196/49129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As income and health are closely related, retirement is considered undesirable for health. Many studies have shown the association between pension and health, but no research has considered the association between contribution-based public pensions or their types and health. OBJECTIVE This study investigates the association between the type of contributory public pension and depressive symptoms among older adults. METHODS We analyzed the data of 4541 older adults who participated in the South Korea Welfare Panel Study (2014-2020). Depressive symptoms were measured using the 11-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale. Public pensions in South Korea are classified into specific corporate pensions and national pensions. For subgroup analyses, pensioners were categorized according to the amount of pension received and the proportion of public pension over gross income. Analyses using generalized estimating equations were conducted for longitudinal data. RESULTS Individuals receiving public pension, regardless of the pension type, demonstrated significantly decreased depressive symptoms (national pension: β=-.734; P<.001; specific corporate pension: β=-.775; P=.02). For both pension types, the higher the amount of benefits, the lower were the depression scores. However, this association was absent for those who received the smaller amount among the specific corporate pensioners. In low-income households, the decrease in the depressive symptoms based on the amount of public pension benefits was greater (fourth quartile of national pension: β=-1.472; P<.001; second and third quartiles of specific corporate pension: β=-3.646; P<.001). CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that contributory public pension is significantly associated with lower depressive symptoms, and this association is prominent in low-income households. Thus, contributory public pensions may be good income sources for improving the mental health of older adults after retirement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hoon Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital Cheonan, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Chenonan, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunkyu Kim
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hoon Jeong
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- National Traffic Injury Rehabilitation Research Institute, National Traffic Injury Rehabilitation Hospital, Yangpyeong, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Cheol Park
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Zhu AYF, Chou KL. Health Outcomes of Social Pension Expansion: A Quasi-Experiment Among Older Adults in Hong Kong. J Appl Gerontol 2024; 43:26-36. [PMID: 37614125 DOI: 10.1177/07334648231195493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
A social pension, regarded as a reliable source of income, has the potential to significantly influence the overall wellbeing of vulnerable older adults. This study aimed to extend the understanding of the effects of social pension expansion beyond its economic impacts to encompass recipients' health status. Using three-wave data from a representative sample of older adults, we employed a quasi-experimental assessment model to evaluate the impact of a recent social pension expansion in Hong Kong on health-related consumption and health outcomes among older adults. The results of the triple difference estimations revealed that an increased social pension significantly enhanced older people's engagement in entertainment activities, utilization of healthcare services, and expenditures on preventive health products. Furthermore, the increased social pension was found to have a significant positive effect on mitigating poor self-rated health and poor sleep quality. However, it did not have a significant impact on the prevalence of depression. These findings suggest that social pension expansion should be coordinated with other policy initiatives to comprehensively improve the physical and mental health of older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Yue Feng Zhu
- Department of Social Sciences and Policy Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kee Lee Chou
- Department of Social Sciences and Policy Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Liang Q, Chen Y, Zhang Z, An S. Do the New Rural Pension Scheme promote the health status of chronic patients in old age? -Evidence from CHARLS 2018 in China. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2506. [PMID: 38097979 PMCID: PMC10720147 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17430-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many researchers have examined the impact of social insurance on health in elderly. However, in most cases, they have only demonstrated correlational results and have not been able to determine causal effects, possibly because confounding biases have not been fully addressed. In this study, we investigated the health effects of the New Rural Pension Scheme (NRPS) on the elderly (age≥60 years old) with chronic diseases in rural areas, and to explore the causal relationship and effects of NRPS and health status. METHODS This paper used data from the 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) and applied Bayesian networks and fuzzy regression discontinuity design to conduct causal analysis. Bayesian networks were used to explore the causal directed acyclic graphs of factors related to NRPS and health status. Based on the results of Bayesian network, a fuzzy regression discontinuity design was employed to estimate the causal effect of NRPS on health status. RESULTS Among rural elderly with chronic diseases, Bayesian network mapping of causal relationships among NRPS, health status and covariates showed that age was a common cause of NRPS receipt and satisfaction with health. The results of the fuzzy regression discontinuity analysis showed that the effect of receiving NRPS on the health status was positive, but there was no statistically significant difference concerning the interval estimates. The results of the subgroup analysis with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma indicated that the effect of NRPS receipt on the health status of elderly people with COPD was positive. There was a statistically significant effect of receiving NRPS on self-rated health description ([Formula: see text]) and health satisfaction ([Formula: see text]) in COPD population and a statistically significant effect of receiving NRPS on health satisfaction in asthma population ([Formula: see text]). CONCLUSION This paper has confirmed the contribution and positive causal effect of NRPS on health status in a subgroup of older adults with COPD and asthma, using the CHARLS database as evidence. Thus, Chinese government should increase the take-up rate of the NRPS to enhance their positive impact on health status of elderly people with chronic diseases in rural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihong Liang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering), Southern Medical University, No.1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxuan Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering), Southern Medical University, No.1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering), Southern Medical University, No.1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengli An
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering), Southern Medical University, No.1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Yang C, Jia C, Yin S, Mao Z, Cui D. The effect of informal social support on the health of Chinese older adults: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1017. [PMID: 37254142 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15837-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to assess the effect of informal social support (ISS) on the health of Chinese older adults, identify channels of the association between the two, and assess the magnitude of this effect in different groups of older adults. METHODS Based on the data from the 2018 China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey (CLASS), we first used both the Quality of Well-Being (QWB) scale and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method to construct the QWB score that can objectively measure the health status of Chinese older adults. Next, we conducted an econometric equation controlling for various high-dimensional fixed effects, estimated the effects using the Tobit model, and used various robustness check strategies and the propensity score matching (PSM) method to ensure reliability and deal with the potential endogeneity, respectively. Finally, we performed staging and grouping regression for mechanism and heterogeneity analysis. RESULTS The mean QWB score of Chinese older adults was 0.778. ISS has a significant positive effect on the health of older adults (P < 0.001), and there were similar patterns of findings for the effects of SE (P < 0.001), PSS (P < 0.001), and ES (P < 0.001). Additionally, the health promotion effect is higher in older adults who are male (P < 0.001), under the age of 80 (P < 0.001), with agricultural household registration (P < 0.001), or with high income (P < 0.001) than in the control group. CONCLUSION ISS, including SE, PSS, and ES, had significant promotion effects on the health of older adults, especially on those who are male, under the age of 80, with agricultural household registration, or with high income. Meanwhile, these effects could be reflected through two channels: alleviating loneliness and improving the positive emotional status of older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciran Yang
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, 115# Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Global Health Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Changli Jia
- School of Medicine and Health Managemen, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shicheng Yin
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, 115# Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Global Health Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zongfu Mao
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, 115# Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Global Health Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Cui
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, 115# Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, China.
- Global Health Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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Purun S, Sun Z, Cao J, Li Z. Has new rural pension system reduced the intake of junk food among rural older adults? Evidence from China. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1131337. [PMID: 36992872 PMCID: PMC10040765 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1131337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
At present, China has become one of the fastest growing countries in terms of junk food consumption. However, there has been less previous evidence for the effect of endowment insurance on dietary health. Using the data China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) from 2014, this paper exploits a policy, the New Rural Pension System (NRPS), that only the older adults who have reached 60 years old can receive pensions and conduct a fuzzy regression discontinuity (FRD) to address endogeneity and examine the causal effect of the NRPS on the intake of junk food among rural older adults in China. We find that the NRPS can significantly reduce junk food intake among them, which remains robust after a series of robustness tests. In addition, heterogeneity analysis shows that the female, low-educated, unemployed, and low-income groups are more sensitive to the pension shock from the NRPS. The result of our study provides insights to effectively improve people's dietary quality and related policy formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Purun
- School of Business, Nanjing Audit University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengxiu Sun
- School of Economics and Management, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhengxiu Sun
| | - Jiaying Cao
- School of Business, Nanjing Audit University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhile Li
- School of Government, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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6
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Zhang C, Zhao Y, Chen X, Li X, Liu Q, Peng R, Chen Y, Feng H. Trajectories of Social Participation and Its Predictors in Older Adults: Based on the CLHLS Cohorts from 2002 to 2018. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4260. [PMID: 36901270 PMCID: PMC10001875 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Social participation is a key factor in achieving active aging. This study aimed to explore the trajectories and predictors of social participation changes among older adults in China. The data used in this study are from the ongoing national longitudinal study CLHLS. A total of 2492 older adults from the cohort study were included. Group-based trajectory models (GBTM) were used to identify potential heterogeneity in longitudinal changes over time and investigate associations between baseline predictors and trajectories for different cohort members using logistic regression. Four different trajectories of social participation were reported in older adults, namely, stable (8.9%), slow decline (15.7%), lower score with decline (42.2%), and higher score with decline (9.5%). On multivariate analyses, age, years of schooling, pension, mental health, cognitive function, instrumental activities of daily living, and initial social participation scores significantly impact the rate of change in social participation over time. Four trajectories of social participation were identified in the Chinese elderly population. Management of mental health, physical function, and cognitive function appear to be important in maintaining the long-term social participation of older people in the community. Early identification of factors influencing the rapid decline in social participation and timely interventions can maintain or improve social participation levels in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Yinan Zhao
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Xiaoyang Li
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Qingcai Liu
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Ruotong Peng
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Yifei Chen
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Hui Feng
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
- Xiangya-Oceanwide Health Management Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
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7
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Li C, Ning G, Wang L, Chen F. More income, less depression? Revisiting the nonlinear and heterogeneous relationship between income and mental health. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1016286. [PMID: 36591032 PMCID: PMC9795204 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1016286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper uses a large-scale nationally representative dataset to examine the nonlinear effect of income on mental health. To investigate their causal relationship, the exogenous impact of automation on income is utilized as the instrument variable (IV). In addition, to explore their nonlinear relationship, both income and its quadratic term are included in regressions. It is found that the impact of income on mental health is U-shaped rather than linear. The turning point (7.698) of this nonlinear relation is near the midpoint of the income interval ([0, 16.113]). This suggests that depression declines as income increases at the lower-income level. However, beyond middle income, further increases in income take pronounced mental health costs, leading to a positive relationship between the two factors. We further exclude the possibility of more complex nonlinear relationships by testing higher order terms of income. In addition, robustness checks, using other instrument variables and mental health indicators, different IV models and placebo analysis, all support above conclusions. Heterogeneity analysis demonstrates that males, older workers, ethnic minorities and those with lower health and socioeconomic status experience higher levels of depression. Highly educated and urban residents suffer from greater mental disorders after the turning point. Religious believers and Communist Party of China members are mentally healthier at lower income levels, meaning that religious and political beliefs moderate the relationship between income and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Research Unit of Public Health and Health Economics, Research Center of Labor Economics, Business School, Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Guangjie Ning
- Research Unit of Public Health and Health Economics, Research Center of Labor Economics, Business School, Shandong University, Weihai, China,*Correspondence: Guangjie Ning,
| | - Lin Wang
- Glorious Sun School of Business and Management, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feier Chen
- Research Unit of Public Health and Health Economics, Research Center of Labor Economics, Business School, Shandong University, Weihai, China
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The Impact of Social Pension Schemes on the Mental Health of the Chinese Elderly: A Mediating Effect Perspective of Two-Way Intergenerational Support. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148721. [PMID: 35886572 PMCID: PMC9316007 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
With the rapid decline in China’s fertility rate, the acceleration of aging, the continuous miniaturization and nucleation of China’s family structure, and the deterioration of the elderly’s living conditions and mental states, the elderly’s mental health has emerged as a major public health issue and a major social problem. Pensions are the elderly’s primary source of income, and they can help them meet their basic needs while also promoting family harmony and improving their mental health. Based on the data of the 2012, 2016, and 2018 Chinese Family Panel Studies (CFPS), we empirically examined the impact of pensions on the elderly’s mental health by using the fixed effects model, mediating effect model, and so on. The results show that receiving pension benefits can significantly reduce the level of depression and improve the mental health of the elderly. Receiving pension benefits causes reverse intergenerational economic transfer, which reduces the effect of pensions on the elderly’s mental health to some extent, but the life care and mental comfort provided by children increases when the elderly share pensions with their children. Overall, receiving pension benefits improves the mental health of the elderly. In addition, the effect of pensions on the elderly with different characteristics is heterogeneous. The older elderly, women, the elderly living with their children, and the elderly in rural areas all benefit more from receiving pension benefits. Moreover, the worse the mental health of the elderly is, the stronger the influence of pensions on their mental health is. Our discussion has important policy implications.
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Li SS, Zhang JY, Wu CW, Lu YW, Xu LJ, Ni YY, Liu XJ. The mediating effect of coping style on the relationship between perceived stress and mental health in Chinese rural older adults living alone: A cross-sectional study. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22:523-528. [PMID: 35504596 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.14392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM Older adults living alone is becoming the main family structure in rural China. This study aimed to explore the mediating effect of coping style on the relationship between perceived stress and mental health in rural older adults living alone in China. METHODS 356 rural older adults living alone were recruited in Huzhou, China. Subjects were investigated using the Chinese Perceived Stress Scale (CPSS), Chinese Coping Style Questionnaire (CCSQ), and Mental Health Questionnaire (MHQ). Data were analysed using a structural equation. Bootstrapping was used to validate the mediation effects. RESULTS Mental health showed significant correlations with a sense of nervousness, of uncontrollability, and with positive and negative coping styles (P < 0.05). The results of structural equation modeling showed a good fit for the total sample (χ2 /df = 2.684, NFI = 0.927, GFI = 0.944, RMSEA = 0.069). Perceived stress (sense of nervousness and uncontrollability) impacted the mental health of rural older adults living alone mainly through two mediating variables, including positive and negative coping styles. The double mediating contribution rates were 42.11%, and 61.82%. CONCLUSION Coping style partially mediated the relationship between perceived stress and mental health of rural older adults living alone in China. Consequently, to improve the mental health of rural older adults living alone, perceived stress and coping styles should be the focus. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; ••: ••-••.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha-Sha Li
- Department of Nursing, College of Medical Science, Huzhou University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jia-Yuan Zhang
- Department of Nursing, University of Harbin Medical, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Cong-Wen Wu
- Department of Nursing, College of Medical Science, Huzhou University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu-Wei Lu
- Department of Nursing, College of Medical Science, Huzhou University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li-Jun Xu
- Department of Nursing, College of Medical Science, Huzhou University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying-Yuan Ni
- Department of Nursing, College of Medical Science, Huzhou University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Liu
- Department of Nursing, College of Medical Science, Huzhou University, Zhejiang, China
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10
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Zhang T, Liu C, Lu B, Wang X. Changes of inequality in functional disability of older populations in China from 2008 to 2018: a decomposition analysis. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:308. [PMID: 35397500 PMCID: PMC8994264 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-02987-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to determine the change of inequality in functional disability of older populations in China over the period from 2008 to 2018 and decompose the contribution of the personal and environmental predictors to the change. METHODS Data were drawn from two waves (2008 and 2018) of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS). Functional disability was assessed by the basic activities of daily living (ADL) and the instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). Concentration index (CI) was calculated to measure the socioeconomic inequality in ADL and IADL. A two-level linear regression model was established to identify the individual and care environmental predictors and their contribution to the inequality of ADL and IADL, respectively. The Oaxaca-type decomposition technique was adopted to estimate the contribution of these predictors to changes of the inequality in ADL and IADL over the period from 2008 to 2018. RESULTS Socioeconomic inequality in functional disability of older adults increased over the period from 2008 to 2018, with the CI for ADL changing from - 0.0085 to - 0.0137 and the CI for IADL changing from - 0.0164 to - 0.0276, respectively. Self-rated economic status was the single most powerful predictor of changes in the inequality, although the growing and dominant rating of older persons with fare economic status could offset the detrimental effects of other (rich or poor) ratings on the changes. The enlarged inequality was also attributable to the increasing importance of regular exercise and its distributional changes, as well as the accumulative long-term effect of farming in earlier life. They outweighed the counteracting effects of rural residency, living with chronic conditions and in an institution. CONCLUSIONS Socioeconomic inequality in functional disability of older populations in China increased over the period from 2008 to 2018. Re-distribution of wealth remains to be a powerful instrument for addressing the inequality issue, but alone it is not enough. The detrimental accumulative effect of farming will not disappear any time soon. While rural residents are catching up with their urban counterparts, new challenges such as physical inactivity are emerging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, No. 2318, Yuhangtang Rd., Zhejiang, 311121, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chaojie Liu
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Beiyin Lu
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, No. 2318, Yuhangtang Rd., Zhejiang, 311121, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohe Wang
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, No. 2318, Yuhangtang Rd., Zhejiang, 311121, Hangzhou, China.
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11
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Xu S, Zhang J. Do Social Pensions Affect the Physical and Mental Health of Rural Children in China? An Intergenerational Care Perspective. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19073949. [PMID: 35409632 PMCID: PMC8997928 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19073949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Research Purpose: This study aimed to explore the effect of China’s New Rural Pension (NRP) on the physical and mental health of rural children from the perspective of intergenerational care, and to examine whether family childcare types and the child’s gender affect the relationships between social pensions and the physical and mental health of rural children. Methods: We used data from the 2016 China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) of the China Social Science Survey Center, a nationally representative sample at the individual, family, and county levels from 25 provinces (cities and districts) in China. A total of 2142 sets of valid samples of children, the elderly, family economic and social conditions, and basic family information were retained after data screening. The regression discontinuity (RD) method was employed for the statistical analyses. Results: The NRP had a significant effect on both the mental health (β = −2.818, p < 0.1) and physical health (β = −2.214, p < 0.1) of rural children. This effect varied with the family childcare type and child’s gender. Conclusions: We reveal a positive effect of the NRP on the physical and mental health of rural children. Therefore, the establishment of a social pension system may be used as an effective approach to enhance the health of rural children. The impact of the NRP on the physical and mental health of children differs with the family childcare type and their gender, which should be taken into consideration when using social pensions to enhance child health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sipei Xu
- School of Public Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China;
| | - Jia Zhang
- College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0571-8827-3892
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12
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Yu X, Shen W, Lin S. Does Environmental Information Disclosure Improve the Health Level of Middle-Aged and Old Residents? Evidence From China. Front Public Health 2022; 10:776850. [PMID: 35372228 PMCID: PMC8968077 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.776850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study is to empirically examine the impact of environmental information disclosure on the health of middle-aged and old residents and investigate whether such disclosure can improve the health of middle-aged and old residents. Methods This study matches the data of the Pollution Information Transparency Index (PITI) and China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study in 2018 and uses the ordered logistic regression model to assess the impact of environmental information disclosure on the health of middle-aged and old residents. Furthermore, stepwise regression, ordinary least square, and ordered probit regression models are used for robustness tests. The IV-Ordered probit regression model solves the endogenous problem. Results Environmental information disclosure has a significant positive correlation with the health level of middle-aged and old residents. After the robustness test and endogenous problem handling, this conclusion still holds. Estimation results show that when PITI increases by 1 unit, the probability of improving the self-reported health level and actual health level of middle-aged and old residents increases by 1 and 0.87%, respectively. The impact of environmental information disclosure on the health of middle-aged and old residents also has significant regional heterogeneity. Specifically, the impact is mainly reflected in the central region of China. Conclusion Environmental information disclosure can improve the health of middle-aged and old residents. To improve the health of middle-aged and old residents, it is necessary to implement and enhance the environmental information disclosure system continuously. The anti-driving effect of environmental information disclosure on the treatment of environmental pollution must be intensified further, particularly focusing on the central region of China, where is more polluted and more concentrated than other regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Yu
- Business School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Donghai Strategic Research Institute, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- *Correspondence: Xuan Yu
| | - Weiteng Shen
- Business School, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, China
| | - Sen Lin
- Ningbo China Institute for Supply Chain Innovation, Ningbo, China
- Nottingham University Business School China, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, China
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Pensions, Ageing and Social Security Research: Literature Review and Global Trends. MATHEMATICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/math9243258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pension systems are one of the fundamental pillars of the welfare state. The ageing of the population caused by longer life expectancy and low birth rates has led to a crisis in the public pension system in developed countries. Changes for the system’s sustainability are necessary, and the scientific literature on the subject is abundant, especially in recent years. This article aims to carry out a bibliometric analysis of the research carried out to date, highlighting, in turn, future lines of research. The study was carried out on a total of 1287 articles published from 1936 to 2021 and found in the Scopus database. The SciMAT, VOSviewer, and Datawrapper tools were used to analyse the most important articles, authors, countries, and institutions by volume of production and citations, as well as the relationships between them. Likewise, the most important keywords and their evolution over time were highlighted, obtaining the main focus of the research. In addition to the general analysis, a specific study was carried out in the area of Mathematics. The results show that the leading countries are the United Kingdom, the USA, and the Netherlands. On the other hand, the lead subject area in which these articles have been published is Economics, Econometrics, and Finance. The research trends are sustainability, pension reform related to ageing, and pension insurance.
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