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Regmi P, Aryal N, van Teijlingen E, KC RK, Gautam M, Maharjan S. A Qualitative Insight into Pre-Departure Orientation Training for Aspiring Nepalese Migrant Workers. Trop Med Infect Dis 2024; 9:150. [PMID: 39058192 PMCID: PMC11281639 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed9070150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pre-departure orientation training (PDOT) can help equip aspiring migrant workers with skills and knowledge to mitigate vulnerabilities throughout their migration journey, including health. In Nepal, PDOT has been mandatory since 2004 for migrant workers awaiting labour permits. The current PDOT programme includes country-specific information as well as health and well-being advice. However, the views of trainees and trainers on PDOT are largely unknown. This qualitative study aims to explore perceptions of migrant workers and relevant stakeholders on the content and delivery of PDOT. Six focus group discussions and six in-depth interviews were conducted with migrants, and eight interviews with key stakeholders were conducted. Thematic analysis resulted in five themes: (a) PDOT structure, accessibility, and implementation; (b) role of stakeholders in labour migration process; (c) coordination and governance; (d) curriculum development and relevance; and (e) capacity of trainers and effectiveness of training. Our findings emphasise the need for a more tailored curriculum with relevant information, education, and communication resources, possibly with input from former migrant workers. Regular updates of training topics and resources, as well as continued engagement with migrants after their employment, are essential for meeting the dynamic demands of the global employment market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod Regmi
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth BH8 8GP, UK
| | - Nirmal Aryal
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth BH8 8GP, UK
| | - Edwin van Teijlingen
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth BH8 8GP, UK
| | - Radheshyam Krishna KC
- Migration Health Division, International Organization for Migration, Tripoli P.O. Box 6748, Libya
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Lotti V, Spiteri G, Caliskan G, Monaco MGL, Gibellini D, Verlato G, Porru S. SARS-CoV-2 Positivity in Foreign-Born Adults: A Retrospective Study in Verona, Northeast Italy. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:663. [PMID: 38929647 PMCID: PMC11204568 DOI: 10.3390/life14060663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
We compared SARS-CoV-2 positivity between the foreign-born adult working population and Italians living in the Verona area to investigate whether being a foreign-born adult could confer an increased risk of infection or lead to a diagnostic delay. The present study included 105,774 subjects, aged 18-65 years, tested for SARS-CoV-2 by nasopharyngeal swabs and analyzed at the University Hospital of Verona between January 2020 and September 2022. A logistic regression model was used, controlling for gender, age, time of sampling, and source of referral. A higher proportion of SARS-CoV-2 positivity in Italian (30.09%) than in foreign-born (25.61%) adults was reported, with a higher proportion of SARS-CoV-2 positivity in men than women in both cohorts analyzed. The difference in swab positivity among Italian and foreign-born adults was the highest in people aged 18-29 years (31.5% vs. 23.3%) and tended to disappear thereafter. Swab positivity became comparable between Italian and foreign-born adults during the vaccination campaign. Multivariable analysis confirmed the lower risk of swab positivity among foreign-born adults (OR = 0.85, 95% CI 0.82-0.89). In the Verona area, foreign-born adults showed a lower rate of SARS-CoV-2 positivity than the native population, likely because of underdiagnosis. Hence, public health should increase attention toward these particularly vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Lotti
- Microbiology Section, Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Gianluca Spiteri
- Occupational Medicine Unit, University Hospital of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (G.S.); (M.G.L.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Gulser Caliskan
- Unit of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (G.C.); (G.V.)
| | | | - Davide Gibellini
- Microbiology Section, Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Verlato
- Unit of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (G.C.); (G.V.)
| | - Stefano Porru
- Occupational Medicine Unit, University Hospital of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (G.S.); (M.G.L.M.); (S.P.)
- Section of Occupational Medicine, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
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Thompson N, Kyaw KWY, Singh L, Cikomola JC, Singh NS, Roberts B. The effect of COVID-19 on the non-COVID health outcomes of crisis-affected peoples: a systematic review. Confl Health 2024; 18:37. [PMID: 38664834 PMCID: PMC11044391 DOI: 10.1186/s13031-024-00592-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic posed considerable risks to populations affected by humanitarian crises in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, there is limited understanding of how the pandemic may have affected non-COVID health outcomes among crisis-affected populations. Our aim was to examine the evidence on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on non-COVID-19 health outcomes for crisis-affected populations in LMICs. METHODS A systematic review methodology was applied following PRISMA guidelines. Eligibility criteria were: crisis-affected populations in LMICS; COVID-19; and all health topics, except for sexual and reproductive health which was covered in a linked review. Five bibliographic databases and additional grey literature sources were searched. The search period was from 2019 to 31 July 2022. Eligible papers were extracted and analysed using a narrative synthesis approach based on the study objectives and relevant health access and systems frameworks. A quality appraisal was also conducted. FINDINGS 4320 articles were screened, and 15 eligible studies were identified and included in this review. Ten studies collected health outcomes data. Eight related to mental health, which generally showed worse mental health outcomes because of the pandemic, and pandemic-related stressors were identified. Two studies assessed physical health outcomes in children, while none addressed physical health outcomes among adults. Nine studies reported on access to healthcare, revealing worse access levels due to the pandemic and noting key barriers to care. Seven studies reported on the impact on health systems, with key challenges including reduced and distorted health care funding, reduced staff capacity, interrupted medicines and supplies, weak information and mixed-messaging, and weak leadership. All fifteen studies on the social determinants of health, particularly highlighting the effect of increasing poverty, the role of gender, and food insecurity on health outcomes. The quality of papers was limited overall. CONCLUSION This review found some limited evidence indicating negative mental health effects, increased barriers to accessing care, damage to health systems and magnified impacts on the social determinants of health for crisis-affected people during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the small number and limited quality of the studies make the overall strength of evidence quite weak.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Thompson
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - K W Y Kyaw
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - L Singh
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - J C Cikomola
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Catholique de Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Central African Republic
| | - N S Singh
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Bayard Roberts
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
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Rodríguez-Guerrero LA, Pérez-Urdiales I, Escrig-Piñol A, Jiménez-Lasserrotte MDM, Pastor-Bravo MDM, Mateos JT, Briones-Vozmediano E. Water insecurity among seasonal agriculture workers: perspectives from Spanish professionals. Int J Equity Health 2024; 23:31. [PMID: 38365766 PMCID: PMC10874045 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-024-02112-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Migrant seasonal agricultural workers face conditions of material vulnerability such as inadequate housing difficulties prevent access to running water supplies. The purpose of this study is to explore the perceptions of professionals involved in the care and support of seasonal migrant agricultural workers, as it relates to water access and water consumption and their impact on these workers' health, in a context of COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS A qualitative exploratory and descriptive study was conducted in 2021 as part of a larger research project, based on 63 personal semi-structured interviews with professionals who provided support to seasonal migrant agricultural workers in three Spanish autonomous regions. COREQ checklist was used for reporting. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, and imported into ATLAS.ti-9 for an inductive thematic analysis. RESULTS The results have been structured into two main themes: (1) Accessing and obtaining water; and (2) Health problems related to water consumption. Seasonal migrant agricultural workers experience barriers to obtaining safe water for hygiene, cleaning, food preparation and drinking. The implementation of regulations to reduce COVID-19 transmission resulted in improved hygiene levels in the migrants' quarters, including access to safe drinking water. CONCLUSION This study suggests that water insecurity experienced by migrant seasonal agricultural workers in Spain results from their poor living conditions and causes health problems related to a lack of hygiene and the use of unsafe water. Sustainable solutions are needed beyond the pandemic in order to provide migrant workers with adequate living conditions and ensure their water needs are fulfilled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Alejandro Rodríguez-Guerrero
- Health Care Research Group (GRECS), Biomedical Research Institute (IRB) of Lleida, Dr. Pifarré Foundation, Lleida, Spain
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Iratxe Pérez-Urdiales
- Department of Nursing, University of the Basque Country, Member of the Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Astrid Escrig-Piñol
- ESIMar (Mar Nursing School), Universitat Pompeu Fabra-affiliated, Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain
- SDHEd (Social Determinants and Health Education Research Group), IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - María Del Mar Pastor-Bravo
- Department of Nursing, University of Murcia, Cartagena, Murcia, Spain
- ENFERAVANZA, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain
| | - José Tomás Mateos
- Health Care Research Group (GRECS), Biomedical Research Institute (IRB) of Lleida, Dr. Pifarré Foundation, Lleida, Spain.
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain.
- Society, Health, Education and Culture Research Group (GESEC), University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain.
| | - Erica Briones-Vozmediano
- Health Care Research Group (GRECS), Biomedical Research Institute (IRB) of Lleida, Dr. Pifarré Foundation, Lleida, Spain
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
- Society, Health, Education and Culture Research Group (GESEC), University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
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Roos R, Witteveen AB, Ayuso-Mateos JL, Barbui C, Bryant RA, Felez-Nobrega M, Figueiredo N, Kalisch R, Haro JM, McDaid D, Mediavilla R, Melchior M, Nicaise P, Park AL, Petri-Romão P, Purgato M, van Straten A, Tedeschi F, Underhill J, Sijbrandij M. Effectiveness of a scalable, remotely delivered stepped-care intervention to reduce symptoms of psychological distress among Polish migrant workers in the Netherlands: study protocol for the RESPOND randomised controlled trial. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:801. [PMID: 37919694 PMCID: PMC10623706 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05288-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively affected the mental health of international migrant workers (IMWs). IMWs experience multiple barriers to accessing mental health care. Two scalable interventions developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) were adapted to address some of these barriers: Doing What Matters in times of stress (DWM), a guided self-help web application, and Problem Management Plus (PM +), a brief facilitator-led program to enhance coping skills. This study examines whether DWM and PM + remotely delivered as a stepped-care programme (DWM/PM +) is effective and cost-effective in reducing psychological distress, among Polish migrant workers with psychological distress living in the Netherlands. METHODS The stepped-care DWM/PM + intervention will be tested in a two-arm, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial (RCT) among adult Polish migrant workers with self-reported psychological distress (Kessler Psychological Distress Scale; K10 > 15.9). Participants (n = 212) will be randomized into either the intervention group that receives DWM/PM + with psychological first aid (PFA) and care-as-usual (enhanced care-as-usual or eCAU), or into the control group that receives PFA and eCAU-only (1:1 allocation ratio). Baseline, 1-week post-DWM (week 7), 1-week post-PM + (week 13), and follow-up (week 21) self-reported assessments will be conducted. The primary outcome is psychological distress, assessed with the Patient Health Questionnaire Anxiety and Depression Scale (PHQ-ADS). Secondary outcomes are self-reported symptoms of depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), resilience, quality of life, and cost-effectiveness. In a process evaluation, stakeholders' views on barriers and facilitators to the implementation of DWM/PM + will be evaluated. DISCUSSION To our knowledge, this is one of the first RCTs that combines two scalable, psychosocial WHO interventions into a stepped-care programme for migrant populations. If proven to be effective, this may bridge the mental health treatment gap IMWs experience. TRIAL REGISTRATION Dutch trial register NL9630, 20/07/2021, https://www.onderzoekmetmensen.nl/en/trial/27052.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinske Roos
- Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology and WHO Collaborating Center for Research and Dissemination of Psychological Interventions, VU University, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
| | - Anke B Witteveen
- Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology and WHO Collaborating Center for Research and Dissemination of Psychological Interventions, VU University, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - José Luis Ayuso-Mateos
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, La Princesa University Hospital, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Corrado Barbui
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Psychiatry, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Mental Health and Service Evaluation, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Richard A Bryant
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mireia Felez-Nobrega
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natasha Figueiredo
- Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Sociale (ERES), Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP), INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Faculté de Médecine St Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Raffael Kalisch
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), Mainz, Germany
- Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), Neuroimaging Center (NIC), Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Josep Maria Haro
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David McDaid
- Care Policy and Evaluation Centre, Department of Health Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | - Roberto Mediavilla
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, La Princesa University Hospital, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Melchior
- Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Sociale (ERES), Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP), INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Faculté de Médecine St Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Pablo Nicaise
- Institute of Health and Society (IRSS), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - A-La Park
- Care Policy and Evaluation Centre, Department of Health Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | | | - Marianna Purgato
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Psychiatry, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Mental Health and Service Evaluation, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Annemieke van Straten
- Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology and WHO Collaborating Center for Research and Dissemination of Psychological Interventions, VU University, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Federico Tedeschi
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Psychiatry, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Mental Health and Service Evaluation, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Marit Sijbrandij
- Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology and WHO Collaborating Center for Research and Dissemination of Psychological Interventions, VU University, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Benavente P, Ronda E, Diaz E. Occupation-related factors affecting the health of migrants working during the COVID-19 pandemic - a qualitative study in Norway. Int J Equity Health 2023; 22:220. [PMID: 37848919 PMCID: PMC10583456 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-023-02013-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic were more pronounced among migrants than in the majority population and went beyond those directly caused by the virus. Evidence suggests that this overburden is due to complex interactions between individual and structural factors. Some groups of working migrants were in vulnerable positions, overrepresented in essential jobs, under precarious work conditions, and ineligible for social benefits or special COVID-19 economic assistance. This study aimed to explore the experience of migrants working in Norway during the COVID-19 pandemic to gather an in-depth understanding of the pandemic´s impact on their health and well-being, focusing on occupation-related factors. METHODS In-depth personal interviews with 20 working migrants from different job sectors in Bergen and Oslo were conducted. Recruitment was performed using a purposive sampling method. Thematic analysis was used. RESULTS At the workplace level, factors such as pressure to be vaccinated, increased in occupational hazards, and increased structural discrimination negatively impacted migrants' health. Other factors at the host country context, such as changes in social networks in and out of the workplace and changes in the labour market, also had a negative effect. However, the good Norwegian welfare system positively impacted migrants' well-being, as they felt financially protected by the system. Increased structural discrimination was the only factor clearly identified as migrant-specific by the participants, but according to them, other factors, such as changes in social networks in and out of the workplace and social benefits in Norway, seemed to have a differential impact on migrants. CONCLUSIONS Occupational-related factors affected the health and well-being of working migrants during the pandemic. The pressure to get vaccinated and increased structural discrimination in the workplace need to be addressed by Norwegian authorities as it could have legal implications. Further research using intersectional approaches will help identify which factors, besides discrimination, had a differential impact on migrants. This knowledge is crucial to designing policies towards zero discrimination at workplaces and opening dialogue arenas for acknowledging diversity at work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierina Benavente
- Pandemic Centre, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Elena Ronda
- Department of Community Nursing, Preventive Medicine and Public Health and History of Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
- CIBER for Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esperanza Diaz
- Pandemic Centre, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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van der Velden PG, Contino C, de Vroege L, Das M, Bosmans M, Zijlmans J. The prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms (ADS), persistent and chronic ADS among the adult general population and specific subgroups before and during the COVID-19 pandemic until December 2021. J Affect Disord 2023; 338:393-401. [PMID: 37364654 PMCID: PMC10290740 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is unclear to what extent the prevalence of moderate and severe anxiety and depression symptoms (ADS) is higher during the first 20 months after the COVID-19 outbreak than before the outbreak. The same holds for persistent and chronic ADS among the adult general population and subgroups (such as employed, minorities, young adults, work disabled). METHODS Data were extracted from six surveys conducted with the Dutch longitudinal LISS panel, based on a traditional probability sample (N = 3493). Biographic characteristics and ADS (MHI-5 scores) were assessed in March-April 2019, November-December 2019, March-April 2020, November-December 2020, March-April 2021, and November-December 2021. Generalized estimating equations were conducted to examine differences in the prevalence of post-outbreak ADS, persistent and chronic ADS compared to the pre-outbreak prevalence in similar periods. The Benjamini-Hochberg correction for multiple testing was applied. RESULTS Among the general population chronic moderate ADS increased significantly but slightly in the period March-April 2020 to March-April 2021 compared to a similar period before the pandemic (11.9 % versus 10.9 %, Odds Ratio = 1.11). In the same period a somewhat larger significant increase in chronic moderate ADS was observed among 19-24 years old respondents (21.4 % versus 16.7 %, Odds Ratio = 1.35). After the Benjamini-Hochberg correction several other differences were no longer significant. LIMITATIONS No other mental health problems were assessed. CONCLUSIONS The Dutch general population and most of the assessed subgroups were relatively resilient given the limited increase or absence of increases in (persistent and chronic) ADS. However, young adults suffered from an increase of chronic ADS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter G van der Velden
- Centerdata, Tilburg, the Netherlands; TRANZO, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands.
| | | | - Lars de Vroege
- TRANZO, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands; GGz Breburg, Breda, the Netherlands
| | - Marcel Das
- Centerdata, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Tilburg School of Economics and Management, Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands
| | | | - Josjan Zijlmans
- Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychosocial Care, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Ahmed D, Benavente P, Diaz E. Food Insecurity among International Migrants during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Scoping Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:5273. [PMID: 37047889 PMCID: PMC10093953 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20075273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus and the measures imposed to control it have impacted food security globally, particularly among vulnerable populations. Food insecurity, in turn, has repercussions on health, exacerbating pre-existing inequalities. This scoping review maps the literature describing associations between the COVID-19 pandemic and food insecurity among migrants, with a particular view toward health. A total of 909 papers were extracted through four electronic databases, and 46 studies were included. The migrant populations described originated mainly from Latin America (11/46) and were located in North America (21/46). Most studies included refugees and asylum seekers (20/46). The main challenges described were financial hardship (28/46), the effect of migrants' documentation status on using public food aid (13/46), and the suspension of or reduction in humanitarian assistance due to the economic recession (7/46). The impact of food insecurity on migrants' mental and physical health was described in 26 of the 46 studies. Authorities in all destination countries should focus their attention and efforts into ensuring nutrition security for migrants in a holistic way, including their economic and legal integration, to be better prepared for health crises in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doua Ahmed
- Centre of International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
- Pandemic Centre, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Pierina Benavente
- Pandemic Centre, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Esperanza Diaz
- Pandemic Centre, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
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Jiménez-Lasserrotte MDM, Granero-Molina J, Lardon Galindo V, Hernández Sola C, Ventura-Miranda MI, Hernández-Padilla JM, El Marbouhe El Faqyr K. Irregular migrants' experiences of health disparities while living in informal settlements during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Adv Nurs 2023; 79:1868-1881. [PMID: 36861773 DOI: 10.1111/jan.15606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The objective of this study was to describe and understand irregular migrants' (IMs') experiences of health disparities while living in informal settlements (ISs) during the COVID-19 pandemic. DESIGN Qualitative descriptive study. METHODS Thirty-four IMs originating from different African countries living in ISs took part in this study. Data were collected between January and March 2022 through three focus groups and 17 in-depth interviews. Thematic analysis was used to analyse qualitative data with ATLAS.ti computer software. RESULTS Three main themes emerged: (1) Extreme vulnerability: ISs and abuse; (2) Inequality in health treatment has increased during COVID-19; and (3) The impact of COVID-19 on the health of IMs: help from non-governmental organizations and nurses. CONCLUSION Irregular migrants are at a higher risk of exposure to COVID-19 due to their precarious living conditions, administrative situation and access to the health system. It is recommended that specific programmes be strengthened to improve health care for this population. IMPACT What problem did the study address? This study examines IMs' experiences of health disparities during the COVID-19 pandemic. What were the main findings? IMs are at higher risk of exposure to COVID-19 due to social, health, housing and work inequalities. Community health nurses alongside non-governmental organizations have facilitated the implementation of measures to protect this population against COVID-19. Where and on whom will the research have an impact? With the aim of improving care for IMs, strategies have been suggested for health institutions to address problems relating to accessing the health system, and to promote networking between non-governmental organizations and community health nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José Granero-Molina
- Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Medicine, University of Almería, Almería, Spain.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Violeta Lardon Galindo
- Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Medicine, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Clara Hernández Sola
- Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Medicine, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
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Xu F, Crush J, Zhong T. Pathways to food insecurity: Migration, hukou and COVID-19 in Nanjing, China. POPULATION, SPACE AND PLACE 2023; 29:e2640. [PMID: 36721421 PMCID: PMC9880715 DOI: 10.1002/psp.2640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has issued significant challenges to food systems and the food security of migrants in cities. In China, there have been no studies to date focusing on the food security of migrants during the pandemic. To fill this gap, an online questionnaire survey of food security in Nanjing City, China, was conducted in March 2020. This paper situates the research findings in the general literature on the general migrant experience during the pandemic under COVID and the specifics of the Chinese policy of hukou. Using multiple linear regression and ordered logistic regression, the paper examines the impact of migration status on food security during the pandemic. The paper finds that during the COVID-19 outbreak in 2020, households without local Nanjing hukou were more food insecure than those with Nanjing hukou. The differences related more to the absolute quantity of food intake, rather than reduction in food quality or in levels of anxiety over food access. Migrants in China and elsewhere during COVID-19 experienced three pathways to food insecurity-an income gap, an accessibility gap, and a benefits gap. This conceptual framework is used to structure the discussion and interpretation of survey findings and also has wider potential applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xu
- School of Geography and Ocean SciencesNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jonathan Crush
- Balsillie School of International AffairsWaterlooOntarioCanada
- University of the Western CapeCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Taiyang Zhong
- School of Geography and Ocean SciencesNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
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Occupational Health and Safety and Migrant Workers: Has Something Changed in the Last Few Years? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159535. [PMID: 35954890 PMCID: PMC9367908 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Over the last few decades, the migratory phenomenon, supported by social, economic, and political aspects, has become progressively intensified and structured, increasing its relevance as a topic of interest for researchers of various disciplines and, among these, occupational health and safety exerts a prominent role [...]
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