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Hajri AK, Alsharif I, Albalawi MA, Alshareef SA, Albalawi RK, Jamoussi B. Utilizing Mixed Cultures of Microalgae to Up-Cycle and Remove Nutrients from Dairy Wastewater. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:591. [PMID: 39194529 DOI: 10.3390/biology13080591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
This study explores the novel use of mixed cultures of microalgae-Spirulina platensis, Micractinium, and Chlorella-for nutrient removal from dairy wastewater (DW). Microalgae were isolated from a local wastewater treatment plant and cultivated under various light conditions. The results showed significant biomass production, with mixed cultures achieving the highest biomass (2.51 g/L), followed by Spirulina (1.98 g/L) and Chlorella (1.92 g/L). Supplementing DW (75%) with BG medium (25%) significantly enhanced biomass and pH levels, improving pathogenic bacteria removal. Spirulina and mixed cultures exhibited high nitrogen removal efficiencies of 92.56% and 93.34%, respectively, while Chlorella achieved 86.85% nitrogen and 83.45% phosphorus removal. Although growth rates were lower under phosphorus-limited conditions, the microalgae adapted well to real DW, which is essential for effective algal harvesting. Phosphorus removal efficiencies ranged from 69.56% to 86.67%, with mixed cultures achieving the highest removal. Microbial and coliform removal efficiencies reached 97.81%, with elevated pH levels contributing to significant reductions in fecal E. coli and coliform levels. These findings suggest that integrating microalgae cultivation into DW treatment systems can significantly enhance nutrient and pathogen removal, providing a sustainable solution for wastewater management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira K Hajri
- Department of Chemistry, Alwajh College, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ifat Alsharif
- Department of Biology, Jamoum University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marzough A Albalawi
- Department of Chemistry, Alwajh College, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shareefa A Alshareef
- Department of Chemistry, Alwajh College, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raghad K Albalawi
- Department of Chemistry, Alwajh College, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bassem Jamoussi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Singh P, Mohanty SS, Mohanty K. Comprehensive assessment of microalgal-based treatment processes for dairy wastewater. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1425933. [PMID: 39165401 PMCID: PMC11333367 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1425933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The dairy industry is becoming one of the biggest sectors within the global food industry, and these industries use almost 34% of the water. The amount of water used is governed by the production process and the technologies employed in the plants. Consequently, the dairy industries generate almost 0.2-10 L of wastewater per liter of processed milk, which must be treated before being discharged into water bodies. The cultivation of microalgae in a mixotrophic regime using dairy wastewater enhances biomass growth, productivity, and the accumulation of value-added product. The generated biomass can be converted into biofuels, thus limiting the dependence on petroleum-based crude oil. To fulfill the algal biorefinery model, it is important to utilize every waste stream in a cascade loop. Additionally, the harvested water generated from algal biomass production can be recycled for further microalgal growth. Economic and sustainable wastewater management, along with proper reclamation of nutrients from dairy wastewater, is a promising approach to mitigate the problem of water scarcity. A bibliometric study revealing limited work on dairy wastewater treatment using microalgae for biofuel production. And, limited work is reported on the pretreatment of dairy wastewater via physicochemical methods before microalgal-based treatment. There are still significant gaps remains in large-scale cultivation processes. It is also crucial to discover robust strains that are highly compatible with the specific concentration of contaminants, as this will lead to increased yields and productivity for the targeted bio-product. Finally, research on reutilization of culture media in photobioreactor is necessary to augument the productivity of the entire process. Therefore, the incorporation of the microalgal biorefinery with the wastewater treatment concept has great potential for promoting ecological sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | - Satya Sundar Mohanty
- Division of Biotechnology, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, India
| | - Kaustubha Mohanty
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India
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Mogany T, Bhola V, Bux F. Algal-based bioplastics: global trends in applied research, technologies, and commercialization. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:38022-38044. [PMID: 38787471 PMCID: PMC11189328 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33644-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The excessive global demand for plastic materials has resulted in severe plastic waste pollution. Conventional plastics derived from non-renewable fossil fuels are non-biodegradable, leading to significant environmental problems. Algal-based bioplastics represent a more viable, renewable, and sustainable alternative to conventional plastics. They have identical properties and characteristics as conventional plastics while being naturally biodegradable. The potential of the algal biomass value chain has already been well-established by researchers. Here, we review the novel insights on research, technology, and commercialization trends of algal-based bioplastics, encompassing macroalgae and green microalgae/cyanobacteria. Data showed that within the last decade, there has been substantial interest in utilizing microalgae for biopolymer production, with more focus on using cyanobacterial species compared to green algae. Moreover, most of the research conducted has largely focused on the production of PHA or its co-polymers. Since 2011, there have been a total of 55 patents published related to algal-based bioplastics production. To date, ~ 81 entities worldwide (commercial and private businesses) produce bioplastics from algae. Overall results of this study emphasized that even with the economic and social challenges, algae possess a substantial potential for the sustainable development of bioplastics while also addressing the UN's SDGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trisha Mogany
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, 4001, South Africa
| | - Virthie Bhola
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, 4001, South Africa
| | - Faizal Bux
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, 4001, South Africa.
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Alavianghavanini A, Moheimani NR, Bahri PA. Process design and economic analysis for the production of microalgae from anaerobic digestates in open raceway ponds. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 923:171554. [PMID: 38458470 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
A model based framework was established for large scale assessment of microalgae production using anaerobically digested effluent considering varied climatic parameters such as solar irradiance and air temperature. The aim of this research was to identify the optimum monthly average culture depth operation to minimize the cost of producing microalgae grown on anaerobic digestion effluents rich in ammoniacal nitrogen with concentration of 248 mg L-1. First, a productivity model combined with a thermal model was developed to simulate microalgae productivity in open raceway ponds as a function of climatic variables. Second, by combining the comprehensive open pond model with other harvesting equipment, the final techno economic model was developed to produce a microalgae product with 20 wt% biomass content and treated water with <1 mg L-1 ammoniacal nitrogen. The optimization approach on culture depth for outdoor open raceway ponds managed to reduce the cost of microalgae production grown in anaerobic digested wastewater up to 16 %, being a suitable solution for the production of low cost microalgae (1.7 AUD kg-1 dry weight) at possible scale of 1300 t dry weight microalgae yr-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arsalan Alavianghavanini
- Engineering and Energy, College of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Navid R Moheimani
- Algae R & D Centre, Environmental and Conservation Sciences, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia; Centre for Water, Energy and Waste, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Parisa A Bahri
- Engineering and Energy, College of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia; Centre for Water, Energy and Waste, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia.
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Miranda AM, Hernandez-Tenorio F, Villalta F, Vargas GJ, Sáez AA. Advances in the Development of Biofertilizers and Biostimulants from Microalgae. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:199. [PMID: 38534468 DOI: 10.3390/biology13030199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Microalgae have commercial potential in different sectors of the industry. Specifically in modern agriculture, they can be used because they have the ability to supply nutrients to the soil and produce plant growth hormones, polysaccharides, antimicrobial compounds, and other metabolites that improve agricultural productivity. Therefore, products formulated from microalgae as biofertilizers and biostimulants turn out to be beneficial for agriculture and are positioned as a novel and environmentally friendly strategy. However, these bioproducts present challenges in preparation that affect their shelf life due to the rapid degradation of bioformulated products. Therefore, this work aimed to provide a comprehensive review of biofertilizers and biostimulants from microalgae, for which a bibliometric analysis was carried out to establish trends using scientometric indicators, technological advances were identified in terms of formulation methods, and the global market for these bioproducts was analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra M Miranda
- Biological Sciences and Bioprocesses Group (CIBIOP), Environmental and Biotechnological Processes Group (GIPAB), School of Applied Sciences and Engineering, Universidad de EAFIT, Medellín 050022, Colombia
| | - Fabian Hernandez-Tenorio
- Environmental Processes Research Group (GIPAB), School of Applied Sciences and Engineering, Universidad de EAFIT, Medellín 050022, Colombia
| | - Fabian Villalta
- Centro de Investigación de Biotecnología, Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Cartago 159-7050, Costa Rica
| | - Gabriel J Vargas
- I&D Cementos Argos S.A, Centro de Argos para la Innovación, Medellín 050022, Colombia
| | - Alex A Sáez
- Biological Sciences and Bioprocesses Group (CIBIOP), Environmental and Biotechnological Processes Group (GIPAB), School of Applied Sciences and Engineering, Universidad de EAFIT, Medellín 050022, Colombia
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Alavianghavanini A, Shayesteh H, Bahri PA, Vadiveloo A, Moheimani NR. Microalgae cultivation for treating agricultural effluent and producing value-added products. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169369. [PMID: 38104821 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater generated within agricultural sectors such as dairies, piggeries, poultry farms, and cattle meat processing plants is expected to reach 600 million m3 yr-1 globally. Currently, the wastewater produced by these industries are primarily treated by aerobic and anaerobic methods. However, the treated effluent maintains a significant concentration of nutrients, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus. On the other hand, the valorisation of conventional microalgae biomass into bioproducts with high market value still requires expensive processing pathways such as dewatering and extraction. Consequently, cultivating microalgae using agricultural effluents shows the potential as a future technology for producing value-added products and treated water with low nutrient content. This review explores the feasibility of growing microalgae on agricultural effluents and their ability to remove nutrients, specifically nitrogen and phosphorus. In addition to evaluating the market size and value of products from wastewater-grown microalgae, we also analysed their biochemical characteristics including protein, carbohydrate, lipid, and pigment content. Furthermore, we assessed the costs of both upstream and downstream processing of biomass to gain a comprehensive understanding of the economic potential of the process. The findings from this study are expected to facilitate further techno-economic and feasibility assessments by providing insights into optimized processing pathways and ultimately leading to the reduction of costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arsalan Alavianghavanini
- Engineering and Energy, College of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, Murdoch University, 90 South street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Hajar Shayesteh
- Algae R & D Centre, Environmental and Conservation Sciences, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia; Centre for Water, Energy and Waste, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Parisa A Bahri
- Engineering and Energy, College of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, Murdoch University, 90 South street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia; Centre for Water, Energy and Waste, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Ashiwin Vadiveloo
- Algae R & D Centre, Environmental and Conservation Sciences, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia; Centre for Water, Energy and Waste, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Navid R Moheimani
- Algae R & D Centre, Environmental and Conservation Sciences, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia; Centre for Water, Energy and Waste, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia.
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Kong W, Kong J, Feng S, Yang T, Xu L, Shen B, Bi Y, Lyu H. Cultivation of microalgae-bacteria consortium by waste gas-waste water to achieve CO 2 fixation, wastewater purification and bioproducts production. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2024; 17:26. [PMID: 38360745 PMCID: PMC10870688 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-023-02409-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The cultivation of microalgae and microalgae-bacteria consortia provide a potential efficient strategy to fix CO2 from waste gas, treat wastewater and produce value-added products subsequently. This paper reviews recent developments in CO2 fixation and wastewater treatment by single microalgae, mixed microalgae and microalgae-bacteria consortia, as well as compares and summarizes the differences in utilizing different microorganisms from different aspects. Compared to monoculture of microalgae, a mixed microalgae and microalgae-bacteria consortium may mitigate environmental risk, obtain high biomass, and improve the efficiency of nutrient removal. The applied microalgae include Chlorella sp., Scenedesmus sp., Pediastrum sp., and Phormidium sp. among others, and most strains belong to Chlorophyta and Cyanophyta. The bacteria in microalgae-bacteria consortia are mainly from activated sludge and specific sewage sources. Bioengineer in CBB cycle in microalgae cells provide effective strategy to achieve improvement of CO2 fixation or a high yield of high-value products. The mechanisms of CO2 fixation and nutrient removal by different microbial systems are also explored and concluded, the importance of microalgae in the technology is proven. After cultivation, microalgae biomass can be harvested through physical, chemical, biological and magnetic separation methods and used to produce high-value by-products, such as biofuel, feed, food, biochar, fertilizer, and pharmaceutical bio-compounds. Although this technology has brought many benefits, some challenging obstacles and limitation remain for industrialization and commercializing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Kong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Engineering Research Center of Pollution Control in Power System, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Kong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Engineering Research Center of Pollution Control in Power System, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuo Feng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Engineering Research Center of Pollution Control in Power System, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, People's Republic of China
| | - TianTian Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Engineering Research Center of Pollution Control in Power System, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianfei Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Engineering Research Center of Pollution Control in Power System, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, People's Republic of China
| | - Boxiong Shen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, People's Republic of China.
- Hebei Engineering Research Center of Pollution Control in Power System, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yonghong Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China.
| | - Honghong Lyu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, People's Republic of China.
- Hebei Engineering Research Center of Pollution Control in Power System, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, People's Republic of China.
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Ferreira ET, Barrochelo SC, de Melo SDP, Araujo T, Xavier ACC, Cechin I, da Silva GHR. Biofertilizers from wastewater treatment as a potential source of mineral nutrients for growth of amaranth plants. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0295624. [PMID: 38117795 PMCID: PMC10732379 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Exploring alternative fertilizers is crucial in agriculture due to the cost and environmental impact of inorganic options. This study investigated the potential of sewage-derived biofertilizers on the growth and physiology of Amaranthus cruentus plants. Various treatments were compared, including control treatments with inorganic fertilizer and treatments with biofertilizers composed of microalgae, biosolids and reclaimed water. The following traits were investigated: photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange, growth, and leaf nutrient concentrations. The results showed that the concentrations of N, P, Cu, Fe Zn and Na nutrients, in the dry microalgae and biosolids, were quite high for the needs of the plants. The wet microalgae presented high concentration of Cu, Fe and Zn nutrients while reclaimed water contained high concentration of N, K, Ca and S. Na and Zn nutrients increased in the leaf of plants treated with dry microalgae and biosolid, respectively. At the beginning of the flowering phase, total chlorophyll and carotenoids contents were lower for plants grown with wet microalgae while for plants grown with higher doses of biosolid or reclaimed water total chlorophyll was increased, and carotenoids were not affected. Lower photosynthetic pigments under wet microalgae resulted in lower photosynthetic rates. On the other hand, amendments with dry microalgae and biosolid increased photosynthetic rates with the biosolid being the most effective. Higher applications of biosolid, wet and dry microalgae produced a considerable increase in shoot biomass of amaranth, with the dry microalgae being the most effective. Additionally, reclaimed water obtained after tertiary treatment of sewage with microalgae and biosolids applied alone showed promising effects on plant growth. Overall, these findings suggest that organic fertilizers derived from sewage treatment have the potential to enhance plant growth and contribute to sustainable agricultural practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Teófilo Ferreira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, UNESP – São Paulo State University, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Sarah Corrêa Barrochelo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, UNESP – São Paulo State University, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Sarah de Paula de Melo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, UNESP – São Paulo State University, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Thainá Araujo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, UNESP – São Paulo State University, Bauru, Brazil
| | | | - Inês Cechin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, UNESP – São Paulo State University, Bauru, Brazil
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Mkpuma VO, Moheimani NR, Ennaceri H. Commercial paper as a promising carrier for biofilm cultivation of Chlorella sp. for the treatment of anaerobic digestate food effluent (ADFE): Effect on the photosynthetic efficiency. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 898:165439. [PMID: 37437632 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Microalgal technology is still economically unattractive due to the high cost associated with microalgal cultivation and biomass recovery from conventional suspension cultures. Biofilm-based cultivation is a promising alternative for higher biomass yield and cheap/easy biomass harvesting opportunities. Additionally, using anaerobic digestate food effluent (ADFE) as a nutrient source reduces the cultivation cost and achieves ADFE treatment as an added value. However, the search for locally available, inexpensive, and efficient support materials is still open to research. This study evaluates the potential of commercially available, low-cost papers as support material for biofilm cultivation of Chlorella sp. and treatment of ADFE. Among the four papers screened for microalgal attachment, quill board paper performed better in higher biomass yield and stability throughout the study period. The attached growth study was done in a modular food container vessel, using anaerobic digestate food effluent (ADFE) as a nutrient source and a basal medium as a control. The microalgae grew well on the support material with higher biomass yield and productivity of 108.64 g(DW) m-2 and 9.96 g (DW) m-2 d-1, respectively, in the ADFE medium compared with 85.87 g (DW) m-2 and 4.99 g (DW) m-2 d-1, respectively in the basal medium. Chlorophyll, a fluorescence (ChlF) probe, showed that cell density in the biofilm significantly changes the photosynthetic apparatus of the algae, with evidence of stress observed as the culture progressed. Also, efficient nutrient removal from the ADFE medium was achieved in the 100 %, 85 %, and 40.2 % ratios for ammoniacal nitrogen, phosphate, and chemical oxygen demand (COD). Therefore, using quill board paper as carrier material for microalgal cultivation offers promising advantages, including high biomass production, easy biomass harvesting (by scrapping or rolling the biomass with the paper), and efficient effluent treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Okorie Mkpuma
- Algae R&D Centre, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia
| | - Navid Reza Moheimani
- Algae R&D Centre, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia; Centre for Sustainable Aquatic Ecosystems, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia
| | - Houda Ennaceri
- Algae R&D Centre, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia; Centre for Sustainable Aquatic Ecosystems, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia.
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Kadri MS, Singhania RR, Haldar D, Patel AK, Bhatia SK, Saratale G, Parameswaran B, Chang JS. Advances in Algomics technology: Application in wastewater treatment and biofuel production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 387:129636. [PMID: 37544548 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Advanced sustainable bioremediation is gaining importance with rising global pollution. This review examines microalgae's potential for sustainable bioremediation and process enhancement using multi-omics approaches. Recently, microalgae-bacterial consortia have emerged for synergistic nutrient removal, allowing complex metabolite exchanges. Advanced bioremediation requires effective consortium design or pure culture based on the treatment stage and specific roles. The strain potential must be screened using modern omics approaches aligning wastewater composition. The review highlights crucial research gaps in microalgal bioremediation. It discusses multi-omics advantages for understanding microalgal fitness concerning wastewater composition and facilitating the design of microalgal consortia based on bioremediation skills. Metagenomics enables strain identification, thereby monitoring microbial dynamics during the treatment process. Transcriptomics and metabolomics encourage the algal cell response toward nutrients and pollutants in wastewater. Multi-omics role is also summarized for product enhancement to make algal treatment sustainable and fit for sustainable development goals and growing circular bioeconomy scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sibtain Kadri
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung City 804201, Taiwan
| | - Reeta Rani Singhania
- Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow 226 029, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dibyajyoti Haldar
- Department of Biotechnology, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore 641114, India
| | - Anil Kumar Patel
- Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow 226 029, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Shashi Kant Bhatia
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 805029, Republic of Korea
| | - Ganesh Saratale
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Binod Parameswaran
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Trivandrum 695 019, Kerala, India
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan; Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tunghai University, Taiwan; Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taiwan.
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Su M, Bastiaens L, Verspreet J, Hayes M. Applications of Microalgae in Foods, Pharma and Feeds and Their Use as Fertilizers and Biostimulants: Legislation and Regulatory Aspects for Consideration. Foods 2023; 12:3878. [PMID: 37893770 PMCID: PMC10606004 DOI: 10.3390/foods12203878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Microalgae are a rich resource of lipids, proteins, carbohydrates and pigments with nutritional and health benefits. They increasingly find use as ingredients in functional foods and feeds as well as in cosmetics and agricultural products including biostimulants. One of their distinct advantages is their ability to grow on wastewaters and other waste streams, and they are considered an environmentally friendly and cheap method to recover nutrients and remove pollutants from the environment. However, there are limits concerning their applications if grown on certain waste streams. Within, we collate an overview of existing algal applications and current market scenarios for microalgal products as foods and feeds along with relevant legislative requirements concerning their use in Europe and the United States. Microalgal compounds of interest and their extraction and processing methodologies are summarized, and the benefits and caveats of microalgae cultivated in various waste streams and their applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Su
- The Food BioSciences Department Ashtown, Teagasc Food Research Centre, 15D05 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Leen Bastiaens
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Joran Verspreet
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Maria Hayes
- The Food BioSciences Department Ashtown, Teagasc Food Research Centre, 15D05 Dublin, Ireland;
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12
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Ali A, Khalid Z, Ahmed A A, Ajarem JS. Wastewater treatment by using microalgae: Insights into fate, transport, and associated challenges. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 338:139501. [PMID: 37453525 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The remediation of wastewater with microalgae is a new topic that concentrates on devising a cost-effective and environmentally beneficial method. Multiple microalgae and bacterial consortiums have recently been evaluated to determine if they can purify effluent from various sources. Critical to a system's efficacy is its ability to remove nutrients such as nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) and heavy metals such as arsenic (As), lead (Pb), and copper (Cu). This study compared traditional wastewater treatment systems to microalgae-based systems for treating different types of wastewater. The research investigates the potential for microalgae to cleanse wastewater. The research also evaluates wastewater parameters, methods, and scientific techniques for extracting nutrients and heavy metals from polluted water. According to the literature, Microalgae can remove between 98.7% and 100% of nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), and heavy metals from various effluents. The paper concludes by discussing the difficulties of using microalgae to remediate wastewater. The elimination of nutrients from the effluent is influenced by biomass production, osmotic capacity, temperature, pH, and O2 concentration. Therefore, a "pilot" study is recommended to investigate contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atif Ali
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zunera Khalid
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Allam Ahmed A
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
| | - Jamaan S Ajarem
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Costa JAV, Zaparoli M, Cassuriaga APA, Cardias BB, Vaz BDS, Morais MGD, Moreira JB. Biochar production from microalgae: a new sustainable approach to wastewater treatment based on a circular economy. Enzyme Microb Technol 2023; 169:110281. [PMID: 37390584 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2023.110281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
The generation of wastewater due to human activities are the main responsible for environmental problems. These problems are caused by the large amount of organic and inorganic pollutants related to the presence of pesticides, metals, pathogens, drugs and dyes. The photosynthetic treatment of effluents emerges as a sustainable and low-cost alternative for developing wastewater treatment systems based on a circular economy. Chemical compounds present in wastewater can be recovered and reused as a source of nutrients in microalgae cultivation to produce value-added bioproducts. The microalgal biomass produced in the cultivation with effluents has the potential to produce biochar. Biochar is carbon-rich charcoal that can be obtained by converting microalgae biomass through thermal decomposition of organic raw material under limited oxygen supply conditions. Pyrolysis, torrefaction, and hydrothermal carbonization are processes used for biochar synthesis. The application of microalgal biochar as an adsorbent material to remove several compounds present in effluents is an effective and fast treatment. This effectiveness is usually related to the unique physicochemical characteristics of the biochar, such as the presence of functional groups, ion exchange capacity, thermal stability, and high surface area, volume, and pore area. In addition, biochar can be reused in the adsorption process or applied in agriculture for soil correction. In this context, this review article describes the production, characterization, and use of microalgae biochar through a sustainable approach to wastewater treatment, emphasizing its potential in the circular economy. In addition, the article approaches the potential of microalgal biochar as an adsorbent material and its reuse after the adsorption of contaminants, as well as highlights the challenges and future perspectives on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Alberto Vieira Costa
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Munise Zaparoli
- Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Aguiar Cassuriaga
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Bruna Barcelos Cardias
- Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Bruna da Silva Vaz
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Biochemistry, College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Federal Uni-versity of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
| | - Michele Greque de Morais
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Biochemistry, College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Federal Uni-versity of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Botelho Moreira
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Biochemistry, College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Federal Uni-versity of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
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14
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Kusmayadi A, Huang CY, Kit Leong Y, Lu PH, Yen HW, Lee DJ, Chang JS. Integration of microalgae cultivation and anaerobic co-digestion with dairy wastewater to enhance bioenergy and biochemicals production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 376:128858. [PMID: 36907225 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A sequential anaerobic digestion and phycoremediation process was employed to recover nutrients and remove pollutants from dairy wastewater (DW), while simultaneously producing biomethane and biochemicals. Anaerobic digestion of 100% DW achieved a methane content and production rate of 53.7% and 0.17 L/L/d, respectively. This was accompanied by the removal of 65.5% chemical oxygen demand (COD), 86% total solid (TS), and 92.8% volatile fatty acids (VFAs). The anaerobic digestate was then used to grow Chlorella sorokiniana SU-1. Using 25% diluted digestate as the medium, SU-1 could reach 4.64 g/L biomass concentration, with total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and COD removal efficiencies of 77.6%, 87.1% and 70.4%, respectively. The obtained microalgal biomass (contained 38.5% carbohydrates, 24.9% proteins, 8.8% lipids) was used to co-digest with DW, resulting in good methane production performance. Co-digestion with 25% (w/v) algal biomass obtained a higher CH4 content (65.2%) and production rate (0.16 L/L/d) than other ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Kusmayadi
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yu Huang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan; Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yoong Kit Leong
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan; Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Han Lu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Wei Yen
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Duu-Jong Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tang, Hong Kong
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan; Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Chung-Li, Taiwan.
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15
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Lugo A, Bandara GLCL, Xu X, Penteado de Almeida J, Abeysiriwardana-Arachchige ISA, Nirmalakhandan N, Xu P. Life cycle energy use and greenhouse gas emissions for a novel algal-osmosis membrane system versus conventional advanced potable water reuse processes: Part I. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 331:117293. [PMID: 36657205 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study applied a life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology for a comparative environmental analysis between an innovative algae resource recovery and near zero-liquid discharge potable reuse system (i.e., the main system) versus a conventional potable reuse system (i.e., the benchmark system) through energy use and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The objective of this study is to demonstrate that pilot-scale data coupled with LCA would provide valuable information for system optimization, integration, and improvements for the design of environmentally sustainable full-scale systems. This study also provides decision-makers valuable information regarding the energy demand and environmental impact of this innovative main system compared to a typical tried-and-true system for potable water reuse. The main system consists of a novel algal-based wastewater treatment coupled with a dual forward osmosis and seawater reverse osmosis (Algal FO-SWRO) membranes system for potable water recovery and hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) to recover biofuels and valuable nutrients from the harvested algal biomass. The benchmark system refers to the current industry standard technologies for potable water reuse and waste management including a secondary biological treatment, microfiltration (MF), brackish water reverse osmosis (BWRO), ultraviolet/advanced oxidation process (UV-AOP), and granular activated carbon (GAC), as well as anaerobic digestion for sludge treatment. Respective energy and GHG emissions of both systems were normalized and compared considering 1 m3 of water recovered. Based on an overall water recovery of 76% designed for the benchmark system, the energy consumption totaled 4.83 kWh/m3, and the system was estimated to generate 2.42 kg of CO2 equivalent/m3 with most of the emissions coming from the biological treatment. The main system, based on an overall water recovery of 88%, was estimated to consume 4.76 kWh/m3 and emit 1.49 kg of CO2 eq/m3. The main system has high environmental resilience and can recover bioenergy and nutrients from wastewater with zero waste disposal. With the application of energy recovery devices for the HTL and the SWRO, increase in water recovery of the FO membrane, and replacement of the SWRO membrane with BWRO, the main system provides an energy-competitive and environmentally positive alternative with an energy demand of 2.57 kWh/m3 and low GHG emissions of 0.94 kg CO2 eq/m3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdiel Lugo
- Civil Engineering Department, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, 88003, United States
| | | | - Xuesong Xu
- Civil Engineering Department, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, 88003, United States
| | | | | | - Nagamany Nirmalakhandan
- Civil Engineering Department, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, 88003, United States
| | - Pei Xu
- Civil Engineering Department, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, 88003, United States.
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16
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Lihanová D, Lukáčová A, Beck T, Jedlička A, Vešelényiová D, Krajčovič J, Vesteg M. Versatile biotechnological applications of Euglena gracilis. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:133. [PMID: 36959517 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03585-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Euglena gracilis is a freshwater protist possessing secondary chloroplasts of green algal origin. Various physical factors (e.g. UV) and chemical compounds (e.g. antibiotics) cause the bleaching of E. gracilis cells-the loss of plastid genes leading to the permanent inability to photosynthesize. Bleaching can be prevented by antimutagens (i.e. lignin, vitamin C and selenium). Besides screening the mutagenic and antimutagenic activity of chemicals, E. gracilis is also a suitable model for studying the biological effects of many organic pollutants. Due to its capability of heavy metal sequestration, it can be used for bioremediation. E. gracilis has been successfully transformed, offering the possibility of genetic modifications for synthesizing compounds of biotechnological interest. The novel design of the "next generation" transgenic expression cassettes with respect to the specificities of euglenid gene expression is proposed. Moreover, E. gracilis is a natural source of commercially relevant bioproducts such as (pro)vitamins, wax esters, polyunsaturated fatty acids and paramylon (β-1,3-glucan). One of the highest limitations of large-scale cultivation of E. gracilis is its disability to synthesize essential vitamins B1 and B12. This disadvantage can be overcome by co-cultivation of E. gracilis with other microorganisms, which can synthesize sufficient amounts of these vitamins. Such co-cultures can be used for the effective accumulation and harvesting of Euglena biomass by bioflocculation.
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Grants
- VEGA 1/0694/2021 Scientific Grant Agency of the Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sport of the Slovak Republic, and the Academy of Sciences
- VEGA 1/0694/2021 Scientific Grant Agency of the Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sport of the Slovak Republic, and the Academy of Sciences
- VEGA 1/0694/2021 Scientific Grant Agency of the Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sport of the Slovak Republic, and the Academy of Sciences
- VEGA 1/0694/2021 Scientific Grant Agency of the Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sport of the Slovak Republic, and the Academy of Sciences
- VEGA 1/0694/2021 Scientific Grant Agency of the Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sport of the Slovak Republic, and the Academy of Sciences
- VEGA 1/0694/2021 Scientific Grant Agency of the Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sport of the Slovak Republic, and the Academy of Sciences
- VEGA 1/0694/2021 Scientific Grant Agency of the Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sport of the Slovak Republic, and the Academy of Sciences
- ITMS 26210120024 European Regional Development Fund
- ITMS 26210120024 European Regional Development Fund
- ITMS 26210120024 European Regional Development Fund
- ITMS 26210120024 European Regional Development Fund
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Lihanová
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Matej Bel University, Tajovského 40, 974 01, Banská Bystrica, Slovakia
| | - Alexandra Lukáčová
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Matej Bel University, Tajovského 40, 974 01, Banská Bystrica, Slovakia
| | - Terézia Beck
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Matej Bel University, Tajovského 40, 974 01, Banská Bystrica, Slovakia
| | - Andrej Jedlička
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius, 917 01, Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Dominika Vešelényiová
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius, 917 01, Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Juraj Krajčovič
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius, 917 01, Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Matej Vesteg
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Matej Bel University, Tajovského 40, 974 01, Banská Bystrica, Slovakia.
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17
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Ramírez-Romero A, Martin M, Boyer A, Bolzoni R, Matricon L, Sassi JF, Steyer JP, Delrue F. Microalgae adaptation as a strategy to recycle the aqueous phase from hydrothermal liquefaction. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 371:128631. [PMID: 36646358 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) produces bio-crude oil from wet algae along with an aqueous phase (AP). This effluent contains minerals that can be reused for cultivating new microalgae but whose utility remains limited due to the presence of inhibitors. Reduced photosynthetic performance, growth, and null lipid accumulation were observed in wild-type Chlorella vulgaris NIES 227 cultivated in AP (1/200). Adaptive laboratory evolution was studied by batch transfers and turbidostat mode. Both methods effectively counterbalanced AP toxicity and restored the fitness of the microalgae. After adaptation, a higher AP addition was achieved, from 1/600 to 1/200, without inhibition. As compared with the wild typein control medium (0.261 g/L/d), both adapted-strains maintained competitive productivity (0.310 and 0.258 g/L/d) of lipid-rich biomass (37 %-56 %). The improved tolerance of the adapted strains persisted after the removal of AP and under axenic conditions. Adaptive laboratory evolution is suggested for AP reutilization in the algae production process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Ramírez-Romero
- MicroAlgae Processes Platform-CEA, CEA Tech Région Sud, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France; Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'Environnement (LBE), INRAE, Univ. De Montpellier, 102 Avenue des Etangs, 11100 Narbonne, France.
| | - Marion Martin
- MicroAlgae Processes Platform-CEA, CEA Tech Région Sud, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Alana Boyer
- MicroAlgae Processes Platform-CEA, CEA Tech Région Sud, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Romain Bolzoni
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, CEA, UMR7265, Institute of Biosciences and Biotechnologies of Aix-Marseille, CEA Cadarache, F-13108, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Lucie Matricon
- CEA LITEN, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-François Sassi
- MicroAlgae Processes Platform-CEA, CEA Tech Région Sud, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Steyer
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'Environnement (LBE), INRAE, Univ. De Montpellier, 102 Avenue des Etangs, 11100 Narbonne, France
| | - Florian Delrue
- MicroAlgae Processes Platform-CEA, CEA Tech Région Sud, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
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18
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Cerrillo M, Riau V, Bonmatí A. Recent Advances in Bioelectrochemical Systems for Nitrogen and Phosphorus Recovery Using Membranes. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:186. [PMID: 36837689 PMCID: PMC9966522 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13020186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) have emerged as a technology that is able to recover resources from different kinds of substrates, especially wastewater. Nutrient recovery, mostly based on membrane reactor configuration, is a clear niche for BES application. The recovery of nitrogen or phosphorus allows for treatment of wastewater while simultaneously collecting a concentrated stream with nutrients that can be reintroduced into the system, becoming a circular economy solution. The aim of this study is to review recent advances in membrane-based BESs for nitrogen and phosphorus recovery and compare the recovery efficiencies and energy requirements of each system. Finally, there is a discussion of the main issues that arise from using membrane-based BESs. The results presented in this review show that it would be beneficial to intensify research on BESs to improve recovery efficiencies at the lowest construction cost in order to take the final step towards scaling up and commercialising this technology.
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19
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Nordio R, Delgado FJ, Sánchez-Zurano A, Hernandez JG, Rodríguez-Miranda E, Guzmán JL, Lafarga T, Acién G. Long-term assessment of the nutrient recovery capacity and biomass productivity of Scenedesmus almeriensis in raceway reactors using unprocessed urban wastewater. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 369:128374. [PMID: 36423751 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The present work aims to assess the treatment of unprocessed urban wastewater using the microalga Scenedesmus almeriensis. Two 12 m3 raceway reactors, one supplemented by wastewater and the second by chemical fertilizer, operating outdoors in a semi-continuous mode, were used for eight months. Results suggested that S. almeriensis can be produced in wastewater without affecting the photosynthetic apparatus reaching a productivity of 13 g·m-2·day-1 on average in both the systems. Furthermore, the nutrient content in terms of nitrogen, phosphorous and chemical oxygen demand of the wastewater was reduced under the European limitations during most of the period, with an average removal rate of 2.2, 0.2 and 3.0 g·m-2·day-1 respectively. Therefore, raceways demonstrated a high potential for microalgal production and successful biotreatment, proving robust and reliable. Finally, the effect of environmental conditions on biomass productivity of the clean system was evaluated in a model with high accuracy (R2 = 0.9, p = 0.0002).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Nordio
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de Almería, E04120 Almería, Spain; CIESOL Solar Energy Research Centre, Joint Centre University of Almería-CIEMAT, 04120 Almería, Spain.
| | | | - Ana Sánchez-Zurano
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de Almería, E04120 Almería, Spain; CIESOL Solar Energy Research Centre, Joint Centre University of Almería-CIEMAT, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | | | | | - José Luis Guzmán
- CIESOL Solar Energy Research Centre, Joint Centre University of Almería-CIEMAT, 04120 Almería, Spain; Department of Informatics, Universidad de Almería, ceiA3, E04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Tomás Lafarga
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de Almería, E04120 Almería, Spain; CIESOL Solar Energy Research Centre, Joint Centre University of Almería-CIEMAT, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Gabriel Acién
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de Almería, E04120 Almería, Spain; CIESOL Solar Energy Research Centre, Joint Centre University of Almería-CIEMAT, 04120 Almería, Spain
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20
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Sharma S, Kant A, Sevda S, Aminabhavi TM, Garlapati VK. A waste-based circular economy approach for phycoremediation of X-ray developer solution. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 316:120530. [PMID: 36341826 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A waste-based circular economy approach is proposed for the phycoremediation of an X-ray developer (XD) solution. The present study emphasizes the utilization of food waste (FW) and agri-compost media (ACM) as growth media for D. armatus for the subsequent bioremediation potential of XD solution-coupled lipid production. A 3:1 dilution (FW/ACM: XD.) was found to be suitable for the phycoremediation study of XD solution towards the % removal of biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and silver. The phycoremediation studies of diluted XD solution in FW demonstrated a 74.50% BOD removal, 81.69% COD removal, and 54.70% removal of silver. The growth of D. armatus in diluted XD solution in food waste was 1.37% lipid content. The phycoremediation of diluted XD solution with ACM resulted in 83.05% BOD removal, 88.88% COD removal and 56.30% silver removal with the concomitant lipid production of 1.42%. The optimal bioremediation coupled lipid production of D. armatus was observed on the 19th day of D. armatus cultivation in the developer effluent, along with food waste and agri-compost media, for 31 days. The study suggests a sustainable utilization of waste (FW and ACM) as a nutritive medium to scrutinize the phycoremediation of XD solution with a concomitant lipid production that can open up new avenues in phycoremediation coupled energy commodities production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information and Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173 234, India
| | - Anil Kant
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information and Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173 234, India
| | - Surajbhan Sevda
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Warangal, Telangana, 506 004, India
| | - Tejraj M Aminabhavi
- School of Advanced Sciences, KLE Technological University, Hubballi, Karnataka, 580 031, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Garlapati
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information and Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173 234, India.
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21
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Alazaiza MYD, Albahnasawi A, Ahmad Z, Bashir MJK, Al-Wahaibi T, Abujazar MSS, Abu Amr SS, Nassani DE. Potential use of algae for the bioremediation of different types of wastewater and contaminants: Production of bioproducts and biofuel for green circular economy. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 324:116415. [PMID: 36206653 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Remediation by algae is a very effective strategy for avoiding the use of costly, environmentally harmful chemicals in wastewater treatment. Recently, industries based on biomass, especially the bioenergy sector, are getting increasing attention due to their environmental acceptability. However, their practical application is still limited due to the growing cost of raw materials such as algal biomass, harvesting and processing limitations. Potential use of algal biomass includes nutrients recovery, heavy metals removal, COD, BOD, coliforms, and other disease-causing pathogens reduction and production of bioenergy and valuable products. However, the production of algal biomass using the variable composition of different wastewater streams as a source of growing medium and the application of treated water for subsequent use in agriculture for irrigation has remained a challenging task. The present review highlights and discusses the potential role of algae in removing beneficial nutrients from different wastewater streams with complex chemical compositions as a biorefinery concept and subsequent use of produced algal biomass for bioenergy and bioactive compounds. Moreover, challenges in producing algal biomass using various wastewater streams and ways to alleviate the stress caused by the toxic and high concentrations of nutrients in the wastewater stream have been discussed in detail. The technology will be economically feasible and publicly accepted by reducing the cost of algal biomass production and reducing the loaded or attached concentration of micropollutants and pathogenic microorganisms. Algal strain improvement, consortium development, biofilm formation, building an advanced cultivation reactor system, biorefinery concept development, and life-cycle assessment are all possible options for attaining a sustainable solution for sustainable biofuel production. Furthermore, producing valuable compounds, including pharmaceutical, nutraceutical and pigment contents generated from algal biomass during biofuel production, could also help reduce the cost of wastewater management by microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motasem Y D Alazaiza
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, A'Sharqiyah University, 400, Ibra, Oman.
| | - Ahmed Albahnasawi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Gebze Technical University, 41400, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Zulfiqar Ahmad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Mohammed J K Bashir
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology (FEGT), Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 31900, Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Talal Al-Wahaibi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, A'Sharqiyah University, 400, Ibra, Oman
| | | | - Salem S Abu Amr
- International College of Engineering and Management, P.O. Box 2511, C.P.O Seeb, P.C. 111, Oman
| | - Dia Eddin Nassani
- Department of Civil Engineering, Hasan Kalyoncu University, 27500, Gaziantep, Turkey
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22
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Goh PS, Ahmad NA, Lim JW, Liang YY, Kang HS, Ismail AF, Arthanareeswaran G. Microalgae-Enabled Wastewater Remediation and Nutrient Recovery through Membrane Photobioreactors: Recent Achievements and Future Perspective. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:1094. [PMID: 36363649 PMCID: PMC9699475 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12111094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The use of microalgae for wastewater remediation and nutrient recovery answers the call for a circular bioeconomy, which involves waste resource utilization and ecosystem protection. The integration of microalgae cultivation and wastewater treatment has been proposed as a promising strategy to tackle the issues of water and energy source depletions. Specifically, microalgae-enabled wastewater treatment offers an opportunity to simultaneously implement wastewater remediation and valuable biomass production. As a versatile technology, membrane-based processes have been increasingly explored for the integration of microalgae-based wastewater remediation. This review provides a literature survey and discussion of recent progressions and achievements made in the development of membrane photobioreactors (MPBRs) for wastewater treatment and nutrient recovery. The opportunities of using microalgae-based wastewater treatment as an interesting option to manage effluents that contain high levels of nutrients are explored. The innovations made in the design of membrane photobioreactors and their performances are evaluated. The achievements pave a way for the effective and practical implementation of membrane technology in large-scale microalgae-enabled wastewater remediation and nutrient recovery processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Sean Goh
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Nor Akalili Ahmad
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Jun Wei Lim
- HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 602105, India
| | - Yong Yeow Liang
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, Gambang, Kuantan 26300, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Hooi Siang Kang
- Marine Technology Centre, Institute for Vehicle System & Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Fauzi Ismail
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Gangasalam Arthanareeswaran
- Membrane Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli 620015, India
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Simultaneous nutrients removal and bio-compounds production by cultivating Chlorella sorokiniana SU-1 with unsterilized anaerobic digestate of dairy wastewater. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Kiruba N JM, Saeid A. An Insight into Microbial Inoculants for Bioconversion of Waste Biomass into Sustainable "Bio-Organic" Fertilizers: A Bibliometric Analysis and Systematic Literature Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13049. [PMID: 36361844 PMCID: PMC9656562 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The plant-microbe holobiont has garnered considerable attention in recent years, highlighting its importance as an ecological unit. Similarly, manipulation of the microbial entities involved in the rhizospheric microbiome for sustainable agriculture has also been in the limelight, generating several commercial bioformulations to enhance crop yield and pest resistance. These bioformulations were termed biofertilizers, with the consistent existence and evolution of different types. However, an emerging area of interest has recently focused on the application of these microorganisms for waste valorization and the production of "bio-organic" fertilizers as a result. In this study, we performed a bibliometric analysis and systematic review of the literature retrieved from Scopus and Web of Science to determine the type of microbial inoculants used for the bioconversion of waste into "bio-organic" fertilizers. The Bacillus, Acidothiobacillus species, cyanobacterial biomass species, Aspergillus sp. and Trichoderma sp. were identified to be consistently used for the recovery of nutrients and bioconversion of wastes used for the promotion of plant growth. Cyanobacterial strains were used predominantly for wastewater treatment, while Bacillus, Acidothiobacillus, and Aspergillus were used on a wide variety of wastes such as sawdust, agricultural waste, poultry bone meal, crustacean shell waste, food waste, and wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) sewage sludge ash. Several bioconversion strategies were observed such as submerged fermentation, solid-state fermentation, aerobic composting, granulation with microbiological activation, and biodegradation. Diverse groups of microorganisms (bacteria and fungi) with different enzymatic functionalities such as chitinolysis, lignocellulolytic, and proteolysis, in addition to their plant growth promoting properties being explored as a consortium for application as an inoculum waste bioconversion to fertilizers. Combining the efficiency of such functional and compatible microbial species for efficient bioconversion as well as higher plant growth and crop yield is an enticing opportunity for "bio-organic" fertilizer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Michellin Kiruba N
- Department of Engineering and Technology of Chemical Processes, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University Science and Technology, 50-373 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Saeid
- Department of Engineering and Technology of Chemical Processes, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University Science and Technology, 50-373 Wroclaw, Poland
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25
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Growth Performance and Biochemical Composition of Waste-Isolated Microalgae Consortia Grown on Nano-Filtered Pig Slurry and Cheese Whey under Mixotrophic Conditions. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8100474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The cultivation mode plays a vital role in algal growth and composition. This paper assessed the growth ability of twelve algae–microbial consortia (ACs) originally selected from organic wastes when nano-filtered pig slurry wastewater (NFP) and cheese whey (CW) were used as growth substrates in a mixotrophic mode in comparison with a photoautotrophic mode. Nutrient uptake ability, biochemical composition, fatty acids, and amino acid profiles of ACs were compared between both cultivation conditions. On average, 47% higher growth rates and 35% higher N uptake were found in mixotrophic cultivation along with significant P and TOC removal rates. Changing the cultivation mode did not affect AA and FA composition but improved EAA content, providing the potential for AC_5 and AC_4 to be used as local protein feed supplements. The results also showed the possibility for AC_6 and AC_1 to be used as omega-3 supplements due to their low ω-6–ω-3 ratio.
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26
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Paquette AJ, Vadlamani A, Demirkaya C, Strous M, De la Hoz Siegler H. Nutrient management and medium reuse for cultivation of a cyanobacterial consortium at high pH and alkalinity. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:942771. [PMID: 36032714 PMCID: PMC9402938 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.942771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkaliphilic cyanobacteria have gained significant interest due to their robustness, high productivity, and ability to convert CO2 into bioenergy and other high value products. Effective nutrient management, such as re-use of spent medium, will be essential to realize sustainable applications with minimal environmental impacts. In this study, we determined the solubility and uptake of nutrients by an alkaliphilic cyanobacterial consortium grown at high pH and alkalinity. Except for Mg, Ca, Co, and Fe, all nutrients are in fully soluble form. The cyanobacterial consortium grew well without any inhibition and an overall productivity of 0.15 g L−1 d−1 (AFDW) was achieved. Quantification of nutrient uptake during growth resulted in the empirical formula CH1.81N0.17O0.20P0.013S0.009 for the consortium biomass. We showed that spent medium can be reused for at least five growth/harvest cycles. After an adaptation period, the cyanobacterial consortium fully acclimatized to the spent medium, resulting in complete restoration of biomass productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre J. Paquette
- Department of Geoscience, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- *Correspondence: Alexandre J. Paquette,
| | | | - Cigdem Demirkaya
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Marc Strous
- Department of Geoscience, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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27
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Collao J, García-Encina PA, Blanco S, Bolado-Rodríguez S, Fernandez-Gonzalez N. Current Concentrations of Zn, Cu, and As in Piggery Wastewater Compromise Nutrient Removals in Microalgae–Bacteria Photobioreactors Due to Altered Microbial Communities. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11081176. [PMID: 36009803 PMCID: PMC9405037 DOI: 10.3390/biology11081176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Photobioreactor systems based on consortia of microalgae and bacteria are a promising, efficient and sustainable alternative for treatment of wastewaters with high nitrogen content, such as piggery wastewater. In these biological systems, microorganisms play a key role in wastewater treatment by degradation of organic matter and accumulation of nutrients into the generated biomass. However, these wastewaters often contain high concentrations of zinc, copper and arsenic, which can severely affect the activity and growth of microorganisms, and so, the wastewater treatment performance. This article studies the effect of high concentrations of zinc, copper and arsenic on microbial communities, specifically microalgae and bacteria, in photobioreactors treating piggery wastewater, with the aim of elucidating their impact on wastewater treatment performance. For this purpose, the growth of microalgae and the composition and structure of bacterial communities exposed to these pollutants were studied. The performance of the reactors was also evaluated by determining the removal of nutrients, zinc, copper and arsenic. The results showed that high concentrations of zinc, copper and arsenic in piggery wastewater significantly affect the microbiome of the reactors without recovery after exposure to these contaminants, resulting in poorer performance of the reactors and compromising the environmental and health impact of treated effluents. Abstract The treatment of pig manure is a major environmental issue, and photobioreactors containing consortia of microalgae and bacteria have proven to be a promising and sustainable treatment alternative. This work studies the effect of Cu, Zn and As, three toxic elements frequently present in piggery wastewater, on the performance and microbiome of photobioreactors. After dopage with Zn (100 mg/L), Cu (100 mg/L), and As (500 µg/L), the high biomass uptake of Zn (69–81%) and Cu (81–83%) decreased the carbon removal in the photobioreactors, inhibited the growth of Chlorella sp., and affected heterotrophic bacterial populations. The biomass As uptake result was low (19%) and actually promoted microalgae growth. The presence of Cu and As decreased nitrogen removal, reducing the abundance of denitrifying bacterial populations. The results showed that metal(loid)s significantly affected 24 bacterial genera and that they did not recover after exposure. Therefore, this study makes an important contribution on the impact of the presence of metal(loid)s in piggery wastewater that compromises the overall performance of PBRs, and so, the environmental and health impact of treated effluents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javiera Collao
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
- Institute of Sustainable Processes (ISP), University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Pedro Antonio García-Encina
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
- Institute of Sustainable Processes (ISP), University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Saúl Blanco
- Department of Biodiversity and Environmental Management, University of León, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Silvia Bolado-Rodríguez
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
- Institute of Sustainable Processes (ISP), University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-983423958
| | - Nuria Fernandez-Gonzalez
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
- Institute of Sustainable Processes (ISP), University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
- Department of Systems Biology, Spanish Center for Biotechnology, CSIC, C/Darwin n°3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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28
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Morillas-España A, Ruiz-Nieto Á, Lafarga T, Acién G, Arbib Z, González-López CV. Biostimulant Capacity of Chlorella and Chlamydopodium Species Produced Using Wastewater and Centrate. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11071086. [PMID: 36101464 PMCID: PMC9312269 DOI: 10.3390/biology11071086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The world population is expected to grow by over 2 billion people in the coming decades, involving an increase in agricultural production. Agriculture demands huge amounts of water and energy, so it is crucial to minimise the use of these resources to ensure a sustainable future. Plant biostimulants can promote germination, plant growth, flowering, and crop productivity, as well as increase nutrient-use efficiencies and resistance to abiotic stress. Microalgae are a novel and interesting source of biostimulants, and they can grow using wastewater. Although there is great interest in developing and applying these natural biostimulants produced from microalgae, there is still only a limited number of well-characterised and stable products available commercially. It is therefore necessary to identify novel strains that have a biostimulant capacity that are robust, that can grow in wastewater, and that are highly productive. This work determines the viability of producing high-quality microalgal biomass using wastewater and assesses the biostimulant capacity of the produced biomass. It is focused on an initial laboratory-scale study to produce these strains in wastewater and a preliminary validation of their biostimulant capacity. Abstract The aim of the present study was to assess the potential of producing four microalgal strains using secondary-treated urban wastewater supplemented with centrate, and to evaluate the biostimulant effects of several microalgal extracts obtained using water and sonication. Four strains were studied: Chlorella vulgaris UAL-1, Chlorella sp. UAL-2, Chlorella vulgaris UAL-3, and Chlamydopodium fusiforme UAL-4. The highest biomass productivity was found for C. fusiforme, with a value of 0.38 ± 0.01 g·L−1·day−1. C. vulgaris UAL-1 achieved a biomass productivity of 0.31 ± 0.03 g·L−1·day−1 (the highest for the Chlorella genus), while the N-NH4+, N-NO3−, and P-PO43− removal capacities of this strain were 51.9 ± 2.4, 0.8 ± 0.1, and 5.7 ± 0.3 mg·L−1·day−1, respectively. C. vulgaris UAL-1 showed the greatest potential for use as a biostimulant—when used at a concentration of 0.1 g·L−1, it increased the germination index of watercress seeds by 3.5%. At concentrations of 0.5 and 2.0 g·L−1, the biomass from this microalga promoted adventitious root formation in soybean seeds by 220% and 493%, respectively. The cucumber expansion test suggested a cytokinin-like effect from C. vulgaris UAL-1; it was also the only strain that promoted the formation of chlorophylls in wheat leaves. Overall, the results of the present study suggest the potential of producing C. vulgaris UAL-1 using centrate and wastewater as well as the potential utilisation of its biomass to develop high-value biostimulants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainoa Morillas-España
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; (A.M.-E.); (Á.R.-N.); (T.L.); (G.A.)
- Functional Desalination and Photosynthesis Unit, CIESOL Solar Research Centre, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Ángela Ruiz-Nieto
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; (A.M.-E.); (Á.R.-N.); (T.L.); (G.A.)
| | - Tomás Lafarga
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; (A.M.-E.); (Á.R.-N.); (T.L.); (G.A.)
- Functional Desalination and Photosynthesis Unit, CIESOL Solar Research Centre, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Gabriel Acién
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; (A.M.-E.); (Á.R.-N.); (T.L.); (G.A.)
- Functional Desalination and Photosynthesis Unit, CIESOL Solar Research Centre, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Zouhayr Arbib
- Sustainability Area FCC Aqualia, 04001 Almería, Spain;
| | - Cynthia V. González-López
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; (A.M.-E.); (Á.R.-N.); (T.L.); (G.A.)
- Research Center for Mediterranean Intensive Agrosystems and Agrifood Biotechnology CIAIMBITAL, 04120 Almería, Spain
- Correspondence:
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29
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Ahn CH, Lee S, Park JR, Ahn HK, Yoon S, Nam K, Joo JC. Physicochemical and fertility characteristics of microalgal soil ameliorants using harvested cyanobacterial microalgal sludge from a freshwater ecosystem, Republic of Korea. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09700. [PMID: 35761930 PMCID: PMC9233212 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The recovery and reuse strategy of cyanobacterial microalgal sludge (CyanoMS) is a novel sustainable platform that can mitigate cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (CyanoHABs) in the freshwater system. This study aimed to assess the nutritional feasibility of harvested CyanoMS for microalgal soil ameliorants (MSAs) as efficient biofertilizers by the composting process. Most MSAs exhibited stable nutrient levels during the sequential metabolic phases for the entire period. The qualitative value of all MSAs using CyanoMS as a biofertilizer was verified by the excellent Fertility Index (FI), Clean Index (CI), and plant growth values. Also, successfully matured MSAs provided long-term support for retarded release of nutrients along the microbial transitional pathway. However, suitable CyanoMS contents of 11.7-37.6% (w/w) in MSAs were critical for efficient microbial activation and substrate inhibition. Since these results were fundamentally based on microbial transition on the CyanoMS content, optimum weight content and composting period were required. Nevertheless, MSAs were commercially applicable to high value-added crops due to their high fertilization potential and recyclable value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Hyuk Ahn
- Department of Land, Water and Environment Research, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology, Goyang 10223, Republic of Korea.,Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Saeromi Lee
- Department of Land, Water and Environment Research, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology, Goyang 10223, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Roh Park
- Department of Land, Water and Environment Research, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology, Goyang 10223, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Kyu Ahn
- Department of Land, Water and Environment Research, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology, Goyang 10223, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongsim Yoon
- Department of Land, Water and Environment Research, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology, Goyang 10223, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungphile Nam
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Chul Joo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanbat National University, Daejeon 34158, Republic of Korea
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30
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Novel Water Retention and Nutrient Management Technologies and Strategies Supporting Agricultural Water Management in Continental, Pannonian and Boreal Regions. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14091486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Urgent water and food security challenges, particularly in continental and boreal regions, need to be addressed by initiatives such as the Horizon 2020-funded project WATer retention and nutrient recycling in soils and streams for improved AGRIcultural production (WATERAGRI). A new methodological framework for the sustainable management of various solutions resilient to climate change has been developed. The results indicate that the effect of the climate scenario is significantly different for peatlands and constructed wetlands. The findings also highlight that remote-sensing-based yield prediction models developed from vegetation indices have the potential to provide quantitative and timely information on crops for large regions or even at the local farm scale. Verification of remotely sensed data is one of the prerequisites for the proper utilization and understanding of data. Research shows that current serious game applications fall short due to challenges such as not clarifying the decision problem, the lack of use of decision quality indicators and limited use of gaming. Overall, WATERAGRI solutions improve water and food security by adapting agriculture to climate change, recycling nutrients and providing educational tools to the farming community. Farmers in small agricultural catchments benefit directly from WATERAGRI, but over the long-term, the general public does as well.
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31
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Kant Bhatia S, Ahuja V, Chandel N, Mehariya S, Kumar P, Vinayak V, Saratale GD, Raj T, Kim SH, Yang YH. An overview on microalgal-bacterial granular consortia for resource recovery and wastewater treatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 351:127028. [PMID: 35318147 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Excessive generation of wastewater is a matter of concern around the globe. Wastewater treatment utilizing a microalgae-mediated process is considered an eco-friendly and sustainable method of wastewater treatment. However, low biomass productivity, costly harvesting process, and energy extensive cultivation process are the major bottleneck. The use of the microalgal-bacteria granular consortia (MBGC) process is economic and requires less energy. For efficient utilization of MBGC, knowledge of its structure, composition and interaction are important. Various microscopic, molecular and metabolomics techniques play a significant role in understating consortia structure and interaction between partners. Microalgal-bacteria granular consortia structure is affected by various cultivation parameters like pH, temperature, light intensity, salinity, and the presence of other pollutants in wastewater. In this article, a critical evaluation of recent literature was carried out to develop an understanding related to interaction behavior that can help to engineer consortia having efficient nutrient removal capacity with reduced energy consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashi Kant Bhatia
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; Institute for Ubiquitous Information Technology and Applications, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Vishal Ahuja
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla 171005, India
| | - Neha Chandel
- School of Medical and Allied Sciences, GD Goenka University, Gurugram-122103, Haryana, India
| | | | - Pradeep Kumar
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India
| | - Vandana Vinayak
- Diatom Nanoengineering and Metabolism Laboratory (DNM), School of Applied Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, Madhya Pradesh 470003, India
| | - Ganesh Dattatraya Saratale
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10326, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Tirath Raj
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyoun Kim
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung-Hun Yang
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; Institute for Ubiquitous Information Technology and Applications, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
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32
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Advanced HRT-Controller Aimed at Optimising Nitrogen Recovery by Microalgae: Application in an Outdoor Flat-Panel Membrane Photobioreactor. CHEMENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemengineering6020024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A fuzzy knowledge-based controller of hydraulic retention time (HRT) was designed and tested in an outdoor membrane photobioreactor (MPBR) to improve nitrogen recovery from a microalgae cultivation system, maintaining the algae as photosynthetically active as possible and limiting their competition with other microorganisms. The hourly flow of the MPBR system was optimised by adjusting the influent flow rate to the outdoor environmental conditions which microalgae were exposed to at any moment and to the nitrogen uptake capacity of the culture. A semi-empirical photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) prediction model was calibrated using total cloud cover (TCC) forecast. Dissolved oxygen, standardised to 25 °C (DO25), was used as an on-line indicator of microalgae photosynthetic activity. Different indexes, based on suspended solids (SS), DO25, and predicted and real PAR, were used as input variables, while the initial HRT of each operating day (HRT0) and the variation of HRT (ΔHRT) served as output variables. The nitrogen recovery efficiency, measured as nitrogen recovery rate (NRR) per nitrogen loading rate (NLR) in pseudo-steady state conditions, was improved by 45% when the HRT-controller was set in comparison to fixed 1.25-d HRT. Consequently, the average effluent total soluble nitrogen (TSN) concentration in the MPBR was reduced by 47%, accomplishing the discharge requirements of the EU Directive 91/271/EEC.
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33
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Fernández-Rodríguez MJ, de la Lama-Calvente D, García-González M, Moreno-Fernández J, Jiménez-Rodríguez A, Borja R, Rincón-Llorente B. Integral Valorization of Two-Phase Olive Mill Solid Waste (OMSW) and Related Washing Waters by Anaerobic Co-digestion of OMSW and the Microalga Raphidocelis subcapitata Cultivated in These Effluents. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:3219-3227. [PMID: 35254817 PMCID: PMC8931757 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c08100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluates the comprehensive valorization of the byproducts derived from the two-phase olive oil elaboration process [i.e., olive washing water (OWW), olive oil washing water (OOWW), and olive mill solid waste (OMSW)] in a closed-loop process. Initially, the microalga Raphidocelis subcapitata was grown using a mixture of OWW and OOWW as the culture medium, allowing phosphate, nitrate, sugars, and soluble chemical oxygen demand removal. In a second step, the microalgal biomass grown in the mixture of washing waters was used as a co-substrate together with OMSW for an anaerobic co-digestion process. The anaerobic co-digestion of the combination of 75% OMSW-25% R. subcapitata enhanced the methane yield by 7.0 and 64.5% compared to the anaerobic digestion of the OMSW and R. subcapitata individually. This schedule of operation allowed for integration of all of the byproducts generated from the two-phase olive oil elaboration process in a full valorization system and the establishment of a circular economy concept for the olive oil industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Fernández-Rodríguez
- Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Edificio 46, Carretera de Utrera, km 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
- Departamento de Sistemas Físico, Químicos y Naturales, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera, km 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - David de la Lama-Calvente
- Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Edificio 46, Carretera de Utrera, km 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Mercedes García-González
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis (IBVF), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Isla de la Cartuja, Universidad de Sevilla-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - José Moreno-Fernández
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis (IBVF), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Isla de la Cartuja, Universidad de Sevilla-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Antonia Jiménez-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Sistemas Físico, Químicos y Naturales, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera, km 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Rafael Borja
- Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Edificio 46, Carretera de Utrera, km 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Bárbara Rincón-Llorente
- Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Edificio 46, Carretera de Utrera, km 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
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Zhu F, Chen X, Cui Y, Hu X, Qian J, Wang F, Kubar AA, Xu L, Huo S. Weak magnetic field intervention on outdoor production of oil-rich filamentous microalgae: Influence of seasonal changes. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 348:126707. [PMID: 35033643 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.126707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The weak magnetic field (MF) intervention on the semi-continuous system of filamentous algae Tribonema sp. during outdoor cultivation was investigated using starch wastewater. Results show that except for winter, MF in other seasons can effectively improve the algal biomass yield and oil productivity. In summer, the biomass concentration and oil productivity of Tribonema sp. could reach up to 14.7 g/L and 0.216 g/(L d) (130 mT), which increased by 9.8% and 35.8% respectively compared with the control group without MF intervention. By continuously shortening HRT to increase the nutrient load, the removal rate of COD, total nitrogen and total phosphorus all reached more than 87.9%. MF intervention not only weakened the bacterial diversity in open-photobioreactors system but also proved to be beneficial to the establishment of bacteria-algae symbiotic system. As a non-transgenic method, MF effectively up-regulated the growth of filamentous microalgae and promoted the biosynthesis productivity of high value-added compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China|
| | - Xiu Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yi Cui
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xinjuan Hu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jingya Qian
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Feng Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Ameer Ali Kubar
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Ling Xu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Shuhao Huo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
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Bongiorno T, Foglio L, Proietti L, Vasconi M, Moretti V, Lopez A, Carminati D, Galafat A, Vizcaíno A, Fernández FA, Alarcón F, Parati K. Hydrolyzed microalgae from biorefinery as a potential functional ingredient in Siberian sturgeon (A. baerii Brandt) aquafeed. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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36
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Morillas-España A, Lafarga T, Sánchez-Zurano A, Acién-Fernández FG, González-López C. Microalgae based wastewater treatment coupled to the production of high value agricultural products: Current needs and challenges. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 291:132968. [PMID: 34800510 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
One of the main social and economic challenges of the 21st century will be to overcome the worlds' water deficit expected by the end of this decade. Microalgae based wastewater treatment has been suggested as a strategy to recover nutrients from wastewater while simultaneously producing clean water. Consortia of microalgae and bacteria are responsible for recovering nutrients from wastewater. A better understanding of how environmental and operational conditions affect the composition of the microalgae-bacteria consortia would allow to maximise nutrient recoveries and biomass productivities. Most of the studies reported to date showed promising results, although up-scaling of these processes to reactors larger than 100 m2 is needed to better predict their industrial relevance. The main advantage of microalgae based wastewater treatment is that valuable biomass with unlimited applications is produced as a co-product. The aim of the current paper was to review microalgae based wastewater treatment processes focusing on strategies that allow increasing both biomass productivities and nutrient recoveries. Moreover, the benefits of microalgae based agricultural products were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainoa Morillas-España
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Almeria, 04120, Almeria, Spain; CIESOL Solar Energy Research Centre, Joint Centre University of Almería-CIEMAT, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - Tomas Lafarga
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Almeria, 04120, Almeria, Spain; CIESOL Solar Energy Research Centre, Joint Centre University of Almería-CIEMAT, 04120, Almería, Spain.
| | - Ana Sánchez-Zurano
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Almeria, 04120, Almeria, Spain; CIESOL Solar Energy Research Centre, Joint Centre University of Almería-CIEMAT, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - Francisco Gabriel Acién-Fernández
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Almeria, 04120, Almeria, Spain; CIESOL Solar Energy Research Centre, Joint Centre University of Almería-CIEMAT, 04120, Almería, Spain
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A Review on the Reliability and the Readiness Level of Microalgae-Based Nutrient Recovery Technologies for Secondary Treated Effluent in Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10020399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Algae-based wastewater treatment technologies are promising green technologies with huge economical potential and environmental co-benefits. However, despite the immense research, work, and achievement, no publications were found wherein these technologies have been successfully applied in an operational environment for nitrogen and phosphorus removal of secondary treated effluent in municipal wastewater treatment plants. Based on a literature review and targeted comprehensive analysis, the paper seeks to identify the main reasons for this. The reliability (considering inlet wastewater quality variations, operating conditions and process control, algae harvesting method, and produced biomass) as well as the technology readiness level for five types of reactors are discussed. The review shows that the reactors with a higher level of control over the technological parameters are more reliable but algal post-treatment harvesting and additional costs are barriers for their deployment. The least reliable systems continue to be attractive for research due to the non-complex operation and relieved expenditure costs. The rotating biofilm systems are currently undertaking serious development due to their promising features. Among the remaining research gaps and challenges for all the reactor types are the identification of the optimal algal strains, establishment of technological parameters, overcoming seasonal variations in the effluent’s quality, and biomass harvesting.
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Shrestha RC, Ghazaryan L, Poodiack B, Zorin B, Gross A, Gillor O, Khozin-Goldberg I, Gelfand I. The effects of microalgae-based fertilization of wheat on yield, soil microbiome and nitrogen oxides emissions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:151320. [PMID: 34743875 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Overuse of agrochemicals is linked to nutrient loss, greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions, and resource depletion thus requiring the development of sustainable agricultural solutions. Cultivated microalgal biomass could provide such a solution. The environmental consequences of algal biomass application in agriculture and more specifically its effect on soil GHG emissions are understudied. Here we report the results of a field experiment of wheat grown on three different soil types under the same climatic conditions and fertilized by urea or the untreated biomass of fresh-water green microalga (Coelastrella sp.). The results show that neither soil type nor fertilization types impacted the aboveground wheat biomass, whereas, soil microbiomes differed in accordance with soil but not the fertilizer type. However, wheat grain nitrogen (N) content and soil N oxides emissions were significantly lower in plots fertilized by algal biomass compared to urea. Grain N content in the wheat grain that was fertilized by algal biomass was between 1.3%-1.5% vs. 1.6%-2.0% in the urea fertilized wheat. Cumulative soil nitric oxide (NO) emissions were 2-5 fold lower, 313-726 g N ha-1 season-1 vs. 909-3079 g N ha-1 season-1. Cumulative soil nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions were 2-fold lower, 90-348 g N ha-1 season-1 vs. 147-761 g N ha-1 season-1. The lower emissions resulted in a 4-11 fold lower global warming impact of the algal fertilized crops. This calculation excluded the CO2 cost from the algae biomass production. Once included algal fertilization had a similar, or 40% higher, climatic impact compared to the urea fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Chandra Shrestha
- The Albert Katz International School for Desert Studies, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion 8499000, Israel
| | - Lusine Ghazaryan
- Zukerberg Institute for Water Research, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben Gurion 8499000, Israel
| | - Ben Poodiack
- Zukerberg Institute for Water Research, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben Gurion 8499000, Israel
| | - Boris Zorin
- The Albert Katz International School for Desert Studies, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion 8499000, Israel
| | - Avner Gross
- Department of Geography and Environmental Development, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Osnat Gillor
- Zukerberg Institute for Water Research, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben Gurion 8499000, Israel
| | - Inna Khozin-Goldberg
- The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben Gurion 8499000, Israel
| | - Ilya Gelfand
- The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben Gurion 8499000, Israel.
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Growth Performance, Biochemical Composition and Nutrient Recovery Ability of Twelve Microalgae Consortia Isolated from Various Local Organic Wastes Grown on Nano-Filtered Pig Slurry. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27020422. [PMID: 35056737 PMCID: PMC8781922 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This paper demonstrated the growth ability of twelve algae-microbial consortia (AC) isolated from organic wastes when a pig slurry-derived wastewater (NFP) was used as growth substrate in autotrophic cultivation. Nutrient recovery, biochemical composition, fatty acid and amino acid profiles of algae consortia were evaluated and compared. Three algae-microbial consortia, i.e., a Chlorella-dominated consortium (AC_1), a Tetradesmus and Synechocystis co-dominated consortium (AC_10), and a Chlorella and Tetradesmus co-dominated consortium (AC_12) were found to have the best growth rates (µ of 0.55 ± 0.04, 0.52 ± 0.06, and 0.58 ± 0.03 d−1, respectively), which made them good candidates for further applications. The ACs showed high carbohydrates and lipid contents but low contents of both proteins and essential amino acids, probably because of the low N concentration of NFP. AC_1 and AC_12 showed optimal ω6:ω3 ratios of 3.1 and 3.6, which make them interesting from a nutritional point of view.
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Kyllönen H, Heikkinen J, Järvelä E, Sorsamäki L, Siipola V, Grönroos A. Wastewater Purification with Nutrient and Carbon Recovery in a Mobile Resource Container. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11120975. [PMID: 34940476 PMCID: PMC8706618 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11120975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Water reuse from wastewater treatment plants can significantly reduce freshwater demand. Additionally municipal sewage and some industrial wastewaters could be used as sources of nutrients and carbon more effectively than they are used today. Biological treatments have attracted the most attention in wastewater purification, whereas, so far, only a little attention has been paid to the physico-chemical technologies. These technologies could, however, have great potential to recover nutrients when purifying wastewater. In this study, the main emphasis was to study the possibilities to utilize existing physico-chemical unit operations for wastewater purification and nutrients as well as carbon recovery. Unit operations were selected so that they could produce exploitable circular economy products from wastewaters and be assembled in a mobile container for carrying out recovery anywhere that is suitable. The results showed that in a mobile container, solids could be successfully separated from the studied wastewaters by flocculation-assisted solid/liquid separation and then processed into hydrochar by hydrothermal carbonization. Phosphate was precipitated using lime milk as calcium phosphate, and ammonium nitrogen was captured from the wastewater using membrane contactor technology resulting in ammonium sulphate for fertilizer use. Additionally, reverse osmosis retained residual impurities well, producing good quality water for reuse. The techno-economic feasibility seems promising.
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41
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Microalgal Systems for Wastewater Treatment: Technological Trends and Challenges towards Waste Recovery. ENERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/en14238112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater (WW) treatment using microalgae has become a growing trend due the economic and environmental benefits of the process. As microalgae need CO2, nitrogen, and phosphorus to grow, they remove these potential pollutants from wastewaters, making them able to replace energetically expensive treatment steps in conventional WW treatment. Unlike traditional sludge, biomass can be used to produce biofuels, biofertilizers, high value chemicals, and even next-generation growth media for “organically” grown microalgal biomass targeting zero-waste policies and contributing to a more sustainable circular bioeconomy. The main challenge in this technology is the techno-economic feasibility of the system. Alternatives such as the isolation of novel strains, the use of native consortia, and the design of new bioreactors have been studied to overcome this and aid the scale-up of microalgal systems. This review focuses on the treatment of urban, industrial, and agricultural wastewaters by microalgae and their ability to not only remove, but also promote the reuse, of those pollutants. Opportunities and future prospects are discussed, including the upgrading of the produced biomass into valuable compounds, mainly biofuels.
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42
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Collao J, Morales-Amaral MDM, Acién-Fernández FG, Bolado-Rodríguez S, Fernandez-Gonzalez N. Effect of operational parameters, environmental conditions, and biotic interactions on bacterial communities present in urban wastewater treatment photobioreactors. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 284:131271. [PMID: 34182290 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The effects of water depth, operational and environmental conditions on bacterial communities were analyzed in microalgal-bacterial outdoor photobioreactors treating urban wastewaters from March to August 2014. Three raceway photobioreactors inoculated with Scenedesmus sp. and with different water depths (20, 12, and 5 cm) were used at different dilution rates (0.15, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 d-1). A thin-layer reactor with 2 cm water depth and operated at 0.3 d-1 was used as a control. The results showed that biomass productivity increased as water depth decreased. The highest biomass productivity was 0.196 gL-1d-1, 0.245 gL-1d-1, and 0.457 gL-1d-1 for 20, 12, and 5 cm depth raceway photobioreactors, respectively. These values were lower than the maximum productivity registered in the control reactor (1.59 gL-1d-1). Bacterial communities, analyzed by high-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing, were not affected by water depth. A decrease in community evenness was related to a decrease in nutrient removal. Hetetrotrophs and phototrophs, mainly from the family Rhodobacteraceae, dominated bacterial diversity. The community changed due to increasing temperatures, irradiance, and organic carbon, ammonia, and phosphate contents in the photobioreactor-influent as well as, microalgae inhibition and higher organic carbon in the effluent. The photobioreactors shared a core-biome that contained five clusters of co-occurring microorganisms. The bacteria from the different clusters were taxonomically and ecologically different but functionally redundant. Overall, the drivers of the community changes could be related to abiotic variables and complex biological interactions, likely mediated by microalgae excretion of organic substances and the microorganisms' competence for substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javiera Collao
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s/n, 47011, Valladolid, Spain; Institute of Sustainable Processes (ISP), Dr. Mergelina s/n, 47011, Valladolid, Spain
| | | | | | - Silvia Bolado-Rodríguez
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s/n, 47011, Valladolid, Spain; Institute of Sustainable Processes (ISP), Dr. Mergelina s/n, 47011, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Nuria Fernandez-Gonzalez
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s/n, 47011, Valladolid, Spain; Institute of Sustainable Processes (ISP), Dr. Mergelina s/n, 47011, Valladolid, Spain.
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Rearte T, Rodriguez N, Sabatté F, Fabrizio de Iorio A. Unicellular microalgae vs. filamentous algae for wastewater treatment and nutrient recovery. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Biocrude Oil Production by Integrating Microalgae Polyculture and Wastewater Treatment: Novel Proposal on the Use of Deep Water-Depth Polyculture of Mixotrophic Microalgae. ENERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/en14216992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae have attracted significant attention worldwide as one of the most promising feedstock fossil fuel alternatives. However, there are a few challenges for algal fuels to compete with fossil fuels that need to be addressed. Therefore, this study reviews the R&D status of microalgae-based polyculture and biocrude oil production, along with wastewater treatment. Mixotrophic algae are free to some extent from light restrictions using organic matter and have the ability to grow well even in deep water-depth cultivation. It is proposed that integrating the mixotrophic microalgae polyculture and wastewater treatment process is the most promising and harmonizing means to simultaneously increase capacities of microalgae biomass production and wastewater treatment with a low land footprint and high robustness to perturbations. A large amount of mixotrophic algae biomass is harvested, concentrated, and dewatered by combining highly efficient sedimentation through flocculation and energy efficient filtration, which reduce the carbon footprint for algae fuel production and coincide with the subsequent hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) conversion. HTL products are obtained with a relatively low carbon footprint and separated into biocrude oil, solid, aqueous, and gas fractions. Algae biomass feedstock-based HTL conversion has a high biocrude oil yield and quality available for existing oil refineries; it also has a bioavailability of the recycled nitrogen and phosphorus from the aqueous phase of algae community HTL. The HTL biocrude oil represents higher sustainability than conventional liquid fuels and other biofuels for the combination of greenhouse gas (GHG) and energy return on investment (EROI). Deep water-depth polyculture of mixotrophic microalgae using sewage has a high potential to produce sustainable biocrude oil within the land area of existing sewage treatment plants in Japan to fulfill imported crude oil.
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Ali S, Paul Peter A, Chew KW, Munawaroh HSH, Show PL. Resource recovery from industrial effluents through the cultivation of microalgae: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 337:125461. [PMID: 34198241 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Industrial effluents such as pharmaceutical residues, pesticides, dyes, and metal processes holds abundant value-added products (VAPs), where its recovery has become essential. The purpose of such recovery is for sustainable treatment, which is an approach that considers the economic, social, and environmental aspects. Microalgae with its potential in the recovery process from effluents, can reduce energy usage of waste management strategies and regenerate nutrients such as carbon, phosphorus, and nitrogen. Microalgae cultures offer the use of inorganic materials by microalgae for their growth and the help of bacteria to produce biomass, thus, resulting in the absence of secondary emissions due to its ability to eliminate volatile organic compounds. Moreover, recovered bioactive compounds are transformed into bioethanol, bio-fertilizers, biopolymer, health supplements and animal feed. Therefore, it is significant to focus on an economical and efficient utilization of microalgae in recovering nutrients that can be further used in various commercial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shazia Ali
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Angela Paul Peter
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Kit Wayne Chew
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Jalan Sunsuria, Bandar Sunsuria, 43900 Sepang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Heli Siti Halimatul Munawaroh
- Study Program of Chemistry, Department of Chemistry Education, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Jalan Dr. Setiabudhi 229, Bandung 40154, Indonesia
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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Chaudry S. Integrating Microalgae Cultivation with Wastewater Treatment: a Peek into Economics. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 193:3395-3406. [PMID: 34196918 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03612-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae cultivation on wastewater is one of the most promising processes in perspective of green and circular economy. This study investigated the economics of integrating the microalgae cultivation with the wastewater treatment in perspective of biomass production and wastewater treatment. The cost of integrated process was evaluated for six cases: three cases for domestic wastewater at different stages of treatment including sewage, anaerobically digested domestic effluent, and centrate and three cases for industrial wastewater including agro-industrial wastewater, anaerobically digested piggery effluent, and anaerobically digested abattoir effluent. The cost of biomass production was found ranging from $ 0.39 to $ 0.92/kg with minimum for the anaerobically digested domestic effluent and centrate. The cost of wastewater treatment was found ranging from 0.18 to 1.69/m3 with minimum for the sewage. These costs did not include any credits generated from the biomass or the treated wastewater. The concentration of limiting nutrient, flowrate of wastewater, and the extent of nutrient removal are the major cost-influencing parameters for the integrated process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Chaudry
- Institute of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan.
- Engineering and Energy, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia.
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Yap JK, Sankaran R, Chew KW, Halimatul Munawaroh HS, Ho SH, Rajesh Banu J, Show PL. Advancement of green technologies: A comprehensive review on the potential application of microalgae biomass. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 281:130886. [PMID: 34020196 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae have drawn significant interest worldwide, owing to their enormous application potential in the green energy, biopharmaceutical, and nutraceutical industries. Many studies have proved and stated the potential of microalgae in the area of biofuel which is economically effective and environmentally friendly. Besides the commercial value, the potential of microalgae in environmental protection has also been investigated. Microalgae-based process is one of the most effective way to treat heavy metal pollution, compared to conventional methods, it does not release any toxic waste or harmful gases, and the aquatic organism will not receive any harmful effects. The potential dual role of microalge in phytoremedation and energy production has made it widely explored for its capability. The interest of microalgae in various application has motivated a new focus in green technologies. Considering the rapid population growth with the continuous increase on the global demand and the application of biomass in diverse field, significant upgrades have been performed to accommodate green technological advancement. In the past decade, noteworthy advancement has been made on the technology involving the diverse application of microalgae biomass. This review aims to explore on the application of microalgae and the development of green technology in various application for microalgae biomass. There is great prospects for researchers in this field to delve into other potential utilization of microalgae biomass not only for bioremediation process but also to generate revenues from microalgae by incorporating clean and green technology for long-term sustainability and environmental benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiunn Kwok Yap
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, P. R. China; Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, Semenyih, 43500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Revathy Sankaran
- Graduate School, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, Semenyih, 43500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Kit Wayne Chew
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Jalan Sunsuria, Bandar Sunsuria, 43900, Sepang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | | | - Shih-Hsin Ho
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, P. R. China.
| | - J Rajesh Banu
- Department of Life Science, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Neelakudi, Thiruvarur, Tamilnadu, 610005, India
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, Semenyih, 43500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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Otim FN, Chen IR, Otim O. Indirect assessment of biomass accumulation in a wastewater-based Chlorella vulgaris photobioreactor by pH variation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19445. [PMID: 34593845 PMCID: PMC8484453 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98634-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Algae bloom in coastal waters is partly supported by residual nutrients in treated wastewater (WW) released from coastally located treatment plants. In response, a Chlorella vulgaris-based photobioreactor was recently proposed for lowering nutrient levels in WW prior to release. However, the solution requires maintaining biomass accumulation to within a photobioreactor capacity for optimum operation. For high density Chlorella vulgaris suspensions, this is easily done by monitoring turbidity increase, a property directly related to biomass accumulation. For low density suspensions however, direct turbidity measurement would require a cumbersome process of concentrating large volumes of Chlorella vulgaris suspensions. Here, we demonstrate that by measuring pH of the suspensions, turbidity (T) can be estimated indirectly by the following wastewater-dependent expression: pH = aT + pH0, hence avoiding the need to concentrate large volumes. The term pH0 is the initial pH of the suspensions and a, a wastewater-dependent constant, can be computed independently from a = - 0.0061*pH0 + 0.052. In the event %WW is unknown, the following wastewater-independent Gaussian expression can be used to estimate T: pH = 8.71*exp(- [(T - 250)2]/[2*1.26E05]). These three equations should offer an avenue for monitoring the turbidity of dilute Chlorella vulgaris suspensions in large, stagnant municipal Chlorella vulgaris-based wastewater treatment system via pH measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Nyega Otim
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - I-Ru Chen
- Department of Humanities and Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, 10960 Wilshire Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - Ochan Otim
- Department of Humanities and Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, 10960 Wilshire Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA. .,Environmental Monitoring Division, City of Los Angeles, 12000 Vista Del Mar, Playa Del Rey, CA, 90293, USA.
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Insights into the technology utilized to cultivate microalgae in dairy effluents. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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50
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Diffuse Water Pollution from Agriculture: A Review of Nature-Based Solutions for Nitrogen Removal and Recovery. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13141893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The implementation of nature-based solutions (NBSs) can be a suitable and sustainable approach to coping with environmental issues related to diffuse water pollution from agriculture. NBSs exploit natural mitigation processes that can promote the removal of different contaminants from agricultural wastewater, and they can also enable the recovery of otherwise lost resources (i.e., nutrients). Among these, nitrogen impacts different ecosystems, resulting in serious environmental and human health issues. Recent research activities have investigated the capability of NBS to remove nitrogen from polluted water. However, the regulating mechanisms for nitrogen removal can be complex, since a wide range of decontamination pathways, such as plant uptake, microbial degradation, substrate adsorption and filtration, precipitation, sedimentation, and volatilization, can be involved. Investigating these processes is beneficial for the enhancement of the performance of NBSs. The present study provides a comprehensive review of factors that can influence nitrogen removal in different types of NBSs, and the possible strategies for nitrogen recovery that have been reported in the literature.
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