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Khan MZ, Li L, Wang T, Liu X, Chen W, Ma Q, Zahoor M, Wang C. Bioactive Compounds and Probiotics Mitigate Mastitis by Targeting NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Biomolecules 2024; 14:1011. [PMID: 39199398 PMCID: PMC11352841 DOI: 10.3390/biom14081011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2024] [Revised: 08/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Mastitis is a significant inflammatory condition of the mammary gland in dairy cows. It is caused by bacterial infections and leads to substantial economic losses worldwide. The disease can be either clinical or sub-clinical and presents challenges such as reduced milk yield, increased treatment costs, and the need to cull affected cows. The pathogenic mechanisms of mastitis involve the activation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), specifically TLR2 and TLR4. These receptors play crucial roles in recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and initiating immune responses through the NF-κB signaling pathway. Recent in vitro studies have emphasized the importance of the TLR2/TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in the development of mastitis, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic target. This review summarizes recent research on the role of the TLR2/TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in mastitis. It focuses on how the activation of TLRs leads to the production of proinflammatory cytokines, which, in turn, exacerbate the inflammatory response by activating the NF-κB signaling pathway in mammary gland tissues. Additionally, the review discusses various bioactive compounds and probiotics that have been identified as potential therapeutic agents for preventing and treating mastitis by targeting TLR2/TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Overall, this review highlights the significance of targeting the TLR2/TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway to develop effective therapeutic strategies against mastitis, which can enhance dairy cow health and reduce economic losses in the dairy industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zahoor Khan
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 522000, China
| | - Liangliang Li
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 522000, China
| | - Tongtong Wang
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 522000, China
| | - Xiaotong Liu
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 522000, China
| | - Wenting Chen
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 522000, China
| | - Qingshan Ma
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 522000, China
| | - Muhammad Zahoor
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien, 90372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Changfa Wang
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 522000, China
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Zanon T, Franciosi E, Cologna N, Goss A, Mancini A, Gauly M. Alpine grazing management, breed and diet effects on coagulation properties, composition, and microbiota of dairy cow milk by commercial mountain based herds. J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)00913-5. [PMID: 38876212 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Cow milk microbiota has received increased attention in recent years, not only because of its importance for human health but also because of its effect on the quality and technological properties of milk. Several studies, therefore, have investigated the effect of various production factors on the microbial composition of milk. However, most of the previous studies considered a limited number of animals from experimental or single farm, which could have biased the results. Therefore, this study aimed to understand the effect of different alpine production systems on the compositional and microbiological quality of milk, considering commercial herds with different feeding intensities and cattle breeds. The results obtained in this work indicated that the month/season of sampling (July for summer or February for winter) more than farm, breed and cow diet exerted significant effects on cow milk parameters and microbiota. In particular, significant differences were observed for urea content in milk between sampling seasons. Differences in milk fat were mainly related to breed specific effects. From a microbiological point of view, statistically significant differences were found in presumptive lactic acid bacteria counts. Based on a culture-independent method, milk obtained in February harbored the highest number of Firmicutes (e.g., Lactobacillus) and the lowest number of Actinobacteria (e.g., Corynebacterium). Moreover, bacterial richness and diversity were higher in July/summer during alpine pasture season indicating a significant effect of pasture feed on the growth of bacterial communities. The results of this study highlighted the effect of month/season mainly related to differences in feeding management (e.g., access to pasture during vegetation period, concentrates supplementation) on composition and microbiota in milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Zanon
- Free University of Bolzano (Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Piazza Università 5, 39100 Bolzano, Italy).
| | - Elena Franciosi
- Research and Innovation Centre, Edmund Mach Foundation, San Michele all'Adige, 38010 San Michele all'Adige (TN), Italy
| | - Nicola Cologna
- Trentingrana Consorzio dei Caseifici Sociali Trentini s.c.a., Via Bregenz 18, Trento, Italy
| | - Andrea Goss
- Trentingrana Consorzio dei Caseifici Sociali Trentini s.c.a., Via Bregenz 18, Trento, Italy
| | - Andrea Mancini
- Research and Innovation Centre, Edmund Mach Foundation, San Michele all'Adige, 38010 San Michele all'Adige (TN), Italy
| | - Matthias Gauly
- Free University of Bolzano (Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Piazza Università 5, 39100 Bolzano, Italy)
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Wang Y, Zhao Y, Tang X, Nan X, Jiang L, Wang H, Liu J, Yang L, Yao J, Xiong B. Nutrition, gastrointestinal microorganisms and metabolites in mastitis occurrence and control. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2024; 17:220-231. [PMID: 38800734 PMCID: PMC11126769 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2024.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Mastitis affects almost all mammals including humans and dairy cows. In the dairy industry, bovine mastitis is a disease with a persistently high incidence, causing serious losses to the health of cows, the quality of dairy products, and the economy of dairy farms. Although local udder infection caused by the invasion of exogenous pathogens into the mammary gland was considered the main cause of mastitis, evidence has been established and continues to grow, showing that nutrition factors and gastrointestinal microbiome (GM) as well as their metabolites are also involved in the development of mammary inflammatory response. Suboptimal nutrition is recognized as a risk factor for increased susceptibility to mastitis in cattle, in particular the negative energy balance. The majority of data regarding nutrition and bovine mastitis involves micronutrients. In addition, the dysbiotic GM can directly trigger or aggravate mastitis through entero-mammary gland pathway. The decreased beneficial commensal bacteria, lowered bacterial diversity, and increased pathogens as well as proinflammatory metabolites are found in both the milk and gastrointestinal tract of mastitic dairy cows. This review discussed the relationship between the nutrition (energy and micronutrient levels) and mastitis, summarized the role of GM and metabolites in regulating mastitis. Meanwhile, several non-antibiotics strategies were provided for the prevention and alleviation of mastitis, including micronutrients, probiotics, short-chain fatty acids, high-fiber diet, inulin, and aryl hydrocarbon receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yiguang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiangfang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xuemei Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Linshu Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Langfang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, Langfang 065000, China
| | - Liang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Junhu Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Benhai Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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El Jeni R, Villot C, Koyun OY, Osorio-Doblado A, Baloyi JJ, Lourenco JM, Steele M, Callaway TR. Invited review: "Probiotic" approaches to improving dairy production: Reassessing "magic foo-foo dust". J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:1832-1856. [PMID: 37949397 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal microbial consortium in dairy cattle is critical to determining the energetic status of the dairy cow from birth through her final lactation. The ruminant's microbial community can degrade a wide variety of feedstuffs, which can affect growth, as well as production rate and efficiency on the farm, but can also affect food safety, animal health, and environmental impacts of dairy production. Gut microbial diversity and density are powerful tools that can be harnessed to benefit both producers and consumers. The incentives in the United States to develop Alternatives to Antibiotics for use in food-animal production have been largely driven by the Veterinary Feed Directive and have led to an increased use of probiotic approaches to alter the gastrointestinal microbial community composition, resulting in improved heifer growth, milk production and efficiency, and animal health. However, the efficacy of direct-fed microbials or probiotics in dairy cattle has been highly variable due to specific microbial ecological factors within the host gut and its native microflora. Interactions (both synergistic and antagonistic) between the microbial ecosystem and the host animal physiology (including epithelial cells, immune system, hormones, enzyme activities, and epigenetics) are critical to understanding why some probiotics work but others do not. Increasing availability of next-generation sequencing approaches provides novel insights into how probiotic approaches change the microbial community composition in the gut that can potentially affect animal health (e.g., diarrhea or scours, gut integrity, foodborne pathogens), as well as animal performance (e.g., growth, reproduction, productivity) and fermentation parameters (e.g., pH, short-chain fatty acids, methane production, and microbial profiles) of cattle. However, it remains clear that all direct-fed microbials are not created equal and their efficacy remains highly variable and dependent on stage of production and farm environment. Collectively, data have demonstrated that probiotic effects are not limited to the simple mechanisms that have been traditionally hypothesized, but instead are part of a complex cascade of microbial ecological and host animal physiological effects that ultimately impact dairy production and profitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- R El Jeni
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - C Villot
- Lallemand SAS, Blagnac, France, 31069
| | - O Y Koyun
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - A Osorio-Doblado
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - J J Baloyi
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - J M Lourenco
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - M Steele
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - T R Callaway
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602.
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Del'Duca A, de Paiva Oliveira GF, de Andrade Faustino M, Borges LA, Sixel ES, Miranda CAS, Rodrigues EM, Medeiros JD, de Sá Guimarães A, Mendonça LC, Cesar DE. Biocontrol capacity of bacteria isolated from sawdust of the dairy cattle production environment. Res Vet Sci 2024; 166:105103. [PMID: 38061143 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.105103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/01/2024]
Abstract
This research paper aimed to find endemic bacteria from the cattle production system to control the growth of mastitis pathogens. Bacteria were isolated from compost barn sawdust of two dairy cattle systems and later tested to verify their ability to control the growth of Staphylococcus aureus isolates obtained from cattle with mastitis. Bacterial isolates from these systems were tested to verify biocontrol capacity using the double-layer method. A total of 189 isolates were obtained from all samples by considering the morphology of the different bacterial colonies, with 30 isolates showing positive results for the growth control of at least one S. aureus strain and 19 isolates showing the ability to control more than one pathogen strain. The ability to control more than one pathogen and present a significant halo of inhibition in our isolates represents positive traits in the search for cattle mastitis biocontrol microorganisms. Thus, the results obtained represent the range of bacteria capable of controlling the pathogens without the use of antibiotics.
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Hu X, He Z, Zhao C, He Y, Qiu M, Xiang K, Zhang N, Fu Y. Gut/rumen-mammary gland axis in mastitis: Gut/rumen microbiota-mediated "gastroenterogenic mastitis". J Adv Res 2024; 55:159-171. [PMID: 36822391 PMCID: PMC10770137 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mastitis is an inflammatory response in the mammary gland that results in huge economic losses in the breeding industry. The aetiology of mastitis is complex, and the pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated. It is commonly believed that mastitis is induced by pathogen infection of the mammary gland and induces a local inflammatory response. However, in the clinic, mastitis is often comorbid or secondary to gastric disease, and local control effects targeting the mammary gland are limited. In addition, recent studies have found that the gut/rumen microbiota contributes to the development of mastitis and proposed the gut/rumen-mammary gland axis. Combined with studies indicating that gut/rumen microbiota disturbance can damage the gut mucosa barrier, gut/rumen bacteria and their metabolites can migrate to distal extraintestinal organs. It is believed that the occurrence of mastitis is related not only to the infection of the mammary gland by external pathogenic microorganisms but also to a gastroenterogennic pathogenic pathway. AIM OF REVIEW We propose the pathological concept of "gastroenterogennic mastitis" and believe that the gut/rumen-mammary gland axis-mediated pathway is the pathological mechanism of "gastroenterogennic mastitis". KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW To clarify the concept of "gastroenterogennic mastitis" by summarizing reports on the effect of the gut/rumen microbiota on mastitis and the gut/rumen-mammary gland axis-mediated pathway to provide a research basis and direction for further understanding and solving the pathogenesis and difficulties encountered in the prevention of mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Hu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, China
| | - Zhaoqi He
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, China
| | - Caijun Zhao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, China
| | - Yuhong He
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, China
| | - Min Qiu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, China
| | - Kaihe Xiang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, China
| | - Naisheng Zhang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, China.
| | - Yunhe Fu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, China.
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Touza-Otero L, Landin M, Diaz-Rodriguez P. Fighting antibiotic resistance in the local management of bovine mastitis. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 170:115967. [PMID: 38043445 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine mastitis is a widespread infectious disease with a significant economic burden, accounting for 80 % of the antibiotic usage in dairy animals. In recent years, extensive research has focused on using biomimetic approaches such as probiotics, bacteriocins, bacteriophages, or phytochemicals as potential alternatives to antibiotics. The local administration of therapeutic molecules through the intramammary route is one of the most commonly strategies to manage bovine mastitis. This review highlights the most important findings in this field and discusses their local application in mastitis therapy. In contrast to antibiotics, the proposed alternatives are not limited to promote bacterial death but consider other factors associated to the host microenvironments. To this end, the proposed biomimetic strategies can modulate different stages of infection by modifying the local microbiota, preventing oxidative stress, reducing bacterial adhesion to epithelial cells, modulating the immune response, or mediating the inflammatory process. Numerous in vitro studies support the antimicrobial, antibiofilm or antioxidant properties of these alternatives. However, in vivo studies incorporating these components within pharmaceutical formulations with potential clinical application are limited. The development of secure, stable, and effective drug delivery systems based on the proposed options is necessary to achieve real alternatives to antibiotics in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Touza-Otero
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Grupo I+D Farma (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), IDIS Research Institute, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Instituto de Materiais da Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (iMATUS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Mariana Landin
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Grupo I+D Farma (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), IDIS Research Institute, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Instituto de Materiais da Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (iMATUS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Patricia Diaz-Rodriguez
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Grupo I+D Farma (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), IDIS Research Institute, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Instituto de Materiais da Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (iMATUS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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Vander Elst N, Bert J, Favoreel H, Lavigne R, Meyer E, Briers Y. Development of engineered endolysins with in vitro intracellular activity against streptococcal bovine mastitis-causing pathogens. Microb Biotechnol 2023; 16:2367-2386. [PMID: 37853918 PMCID: PMC10686134 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophage-derived endolysins are a novel class of antimicrobials known to rapidly kill bacteria, including antibiotic-resistant strains. We here engineered endolysins against the bovine mastitis pathogens Streptococcus uberis, Streptococcus agalactiae and Streptococcus dysgalactiae, also targeting intracellular survival and biofilm formation. For this purpose, high-throughput DNA assembly was used to create a library with >80,000 theoretical endolysin variants for screening of their bacteriolytic activity against Gram-positive isolates from (sub)clinically affected cows. This lytic activity was evaluated by turbidity reduction and time-kill assays in phosphate-buffered saline and pasteurized whole cow's milk to allow a rank up of the most potent leading candidates. A top candidate was selected with a 4.0 log killing efficacy against S. uberis, also showing similar activity against S. agalactiae and S. dysgalactiae. This top candidate eradicated S. uberis biofilm and showed intracellular activity in two bovine mammary epithelial cell lines as was confirmed by confocal microscopy. A potentiating effect on cloxacillin, a beta-lactam penicillin used to intramammarily treat bovine Gram-positive mastitis, was observed for this top candidate endolysin in raw cow's milk from (sub)clinically infected udders. Our in vitro results indicate that engineered endolysins may have a future role as add-on in the treatment of bovine streptococcal mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Vander Elst
- Laboratory of Gene Technology, Department of Biosystems, Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringKU LeuvenHeverleeBelgium
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary and Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineGhent UniversityMerelbekeBelgium
- Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Joni Bert
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary and Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineGhent UniversityMerelbekeBelgium
- Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Herman Favoreel
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineGhent UniversityMerelbekeBelgium
| | - Rob Lavigne
- Laboratory of Gene Technology, Department of Biosystems, Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringKU LeuvenHeverleeBelgium
| | - Evelyne Meyer
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary and Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineGhent UniversityMerelbekeBelgium
| | - Yves Briers
- Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
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Hsieh JC, Chuang ST, Hsu YT, Ho ST, Li KY, Chou SH, Chen MJ. In vitro ruminal fermentation and cow-to-mouse fecal transplantations verify the inter-relationship of microbiome and metabolome biomarkers: potential to promote health in dairy cows. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1228086. [PMID: 37662996 PMCID: PMC10469932 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1228086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction There are differences in the gut microbiome and metabolome when the host undergoes different physical or pathological conditions. However, the inter-relationship of microbiome and metabolome biomarkers to potentially promote the health of dairy cows needs to be studied. Further, the development of next-generation probiotics for dairy cattle health promotion has not been demonstrated. Objective In the present study, we identified the microbiome and metabolome biomarkers associated with healthy cows. Methods We analyzed the relationships of the ruminal microorganism profile and metabolites between healthy and mastitis lactating dairy cows. The roles of bacterial biomarker were further verified by in vitro fermentation and cow-to-mouse fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). Results Two species, Ruminococcus flavefaciens and Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum, and six rumen metabolites were positively correlated with healthy cows by Spearman's correlation analysis. Through in vitro ruminal fermentation, inoculating R. flavefaciens and B. longum subsp. longum showed the upregulation of the levels of putrescine, xanthurenic acid, and pyridoxal in the mastitis ruminal fluid, which confirmed the inter-relationships between these microbiota and metabolites associated with healthy cows. Further, we verified the role of R. flavefaciens and B. longum subsp. longum in promoting health by FMT. The administration of R. flavefaciens and B. longum subsp. longum reduced the death rate and recovered the bodyweight loss of germ-free mice caused by FMT mastitis feces. Discussion We provided evidence that the bacterial biomarkers alter downstream metabolites. This could indirectly indicate that the two bacterial biomarkers have the potential to be used as next-generation probiotics for dairy cattle, although it needs more evidence to support our hypothesis. Two species, R. flavefaciens and B. longum subsp. longum, with three metabolites, putrescine, xanthurenic acid, and pyridoxal, identified in the ruminal fluid, may point to a new health-promoting and disease-preventing approach for dairy cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Chun Hsieh
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Te Chuang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Hsu
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Tse Ho
- Department of Wood Based Materials and Design, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Yi Li
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hsuan Chou
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Biotools Co. Ltd., New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ju Chen
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
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Bonsaglia ECR, Calvo GH, Sordelli DO, Silva NCC, Rall VLM, Casas A, Buzzola F. The Impact of Low-Level Benzalkonium Chloride Exposure on Staphylococcus spp. Strains and Control by Photoinactivation. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1244. [PMID: 37627664 PMCID: PMC10451822 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12081244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure of bacteria to low concentrations of biocides can facilitate horizontal gene transfer, which may lead to bacterial adaptive responses and resistance to antimicrobial agents. The emergence of antibacterial resistance not only poses a significant concern to the dairy industry but also adds to the complexity and cost of mastitis treatment. This study was aimed to evaluate how selective stress induced by benzalkonium chloride (BC) promotes antibiotic non-susceptibility in Staphylococcus spp. In addition, we investigated the efficacy of photodynamic inactivation (PDI) in both resistant and susceptible strains. The study determined the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of BC using the broth microdilution method for different Staphylococcus strains. The experiments involved pairing strains carrying the qacA/qacC resistance genes with susceptible strains and exposing them to subinhibitory concentrations of BC for 72 h. The recovered isolates were tested for MIC BC and subjected to disc diffusion tests to assess changes in susceptibility patterns. The results demonstrated that subinhibitory concentrations of BC could select strains with reduced susceptibility and antibiotic resistance, particularly in the presence of S. pasteuri. The results of PDI mediated by toluidine blue (100 µM) followed by 60 min irradiation (total light dose of 2.5 J/cm2) were highly effective, showing complete inactivation for some bacterial strains and a reduction of up to 5 logs in others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika C. R. Bonsaglia
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires 1121, Argentina; (E.C.R.B.); (G.H.C.); (D.O.S.)
| | - Gustavo H. Calvo
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires 1121, Argentina; (E.C.R.B.); (G.H.C.); (D.O.S.)
| | - Daniel O. Sordelli
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires 1121, Argentina; (E.C.R.B.); (G.H.C.); (D.O.S.)
| | - Nathalia C. C. Silva
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering (FEA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-862, Brazil;
| | - Vera L. M. Rall
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu 18618-691, Brazil;
| | - Adriana Casas
- Centro de Investigaciones sobre Porfirinas y Porfirias (CIPYP), Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires 1121, Argentina;
| | - Fernanda Buzzola
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires 1121, Argentina; (E.C.R.B.); (G.H.C.); (D.O.S.)
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11
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Zhumakayeva A, Zhubatkanova A, Asauova Z, Tokayeva M, Kemeshov Z. Efficiency of probiotic culture consortium application for disinfection of dairy farm premises and prevention of mastitis in cows. J Adv Vet Anim Res 2023; 10:185-195. [PMID: 37534073 PMCID: PMC10390668 DOI: 10.5455/javar.2023.j668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective In this work, the effect of probiotics on the state of the microbial background of the livestock building, on the state of udder teats, and on the prevalence of latent mastitis was investigated. Long-term use of the consortium has bactericidal activity against all cultures studied, especially the causative agent of mastitis, Staphylococcus aureus, except Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, and Escherichia coli. Materials and Methods The washes from animal housings and milk samples were collected from the dairy farms "Astana-Onim" Joint Stock Company and "Rodina" Limited Liability Partnership (Kazakhstan). The cleaning solutions and probiotic agents were applied directly to the udder teats of cows before and after milking. Diagnosis of subclinical mastitis was performed using the Kenotest rapid mastitis test. Directly counting the number of somatic cells in the collected milk samples from each cow was performed on a somatic cell counter. Results Pathogenic microorganisms, including S. aureus bacteria (50% of samples) and bacteria of the E. coli group, Enterobacter aerogenes, and P. mirabilis (36% of samples), were detected on the udder skin and milk wipes. Using a consortium of probiotic microorganisms positively affects the mammary gland more quickly than using mastitis prevention agents alone. Probiotic use for a month resulted in a significant improvement in udder teat condition, with 60.7% of teats showing normal physiological reaction to milking, a decrease in complicated hyperkeratosis, and an increase in uncomplicated mastitis. The studies showed that in the experimental group, there was a 1.5-fold reduction in the number of cows with clinically pronounced mastitis. The experimental group showed no significant changes in the number of animals with high somatic cell levels before and after the study, while the control group without probiotics had a significant increase in diseased animals after 1 month. Conclusion The use of a probiotic consortium has shown promising results in reducing the incidence of mastitis and improving milk quality in cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikumys Zhumakayeva
- Department of Veterinary Sanitary, Saken Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Aygerim Zhubatkanova
- Department of Veterinary Sanitary, Saken Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Zhenisgul Asauova
- Department of Veterinary Sanitary, Saken Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Mereke Tokayeva
- Department of Veterinary Sanitary, Saken Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Zhomart Kemeshov
- Department of Veterinary Sanitary, Saken Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical University, Astana, Kazakhstan
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12
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Vander Elst N, Bellemans J, Steenbrugge J, Geeroms C, Breyne K, Piepers S, Toledo-Silva B, de Souza FN, Haesebrouck F, De Vliegher S, Meyer E. Priming of the murine mammary gland with Staphylococcus chromogenes IM reduces bacterial growth of Streptococcus uberis: a proof-of-concept study. Vet Res 2023; 54:28. [PMID: 36973819 PMCID: PMC10044423 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-023-01156-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus uberis is a major causative agent of bovine mastitis, an inflammation of the mammary gland with substantial economic consequences. To reduce antibiotic use in animal agriculture, alternative strategies to treat or prevent mastitis are being investigated. Bovine-associated non-aureus staphylococci are proposed in that respect due to their capacity to inhibit the in vitro growth of S. uberis. We demonstrate that priming the murine mammary gland with Staphylococcus chromogenes IM reduces S. uberis growth in comparison with non-primed glands. The innate immune system is activated by increasing IL-8 and LCN2, which may explain this decreased growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Vander Elst
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary and Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Julie Bellemans
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary and Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Jonas Steenbrugge
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary and Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Chloë Geeroms
- M-Team and Mastitis and Milk Quality Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Koen Breyne
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Neurology and Radiology Department, Massachusetts General Hospital-Harvard Medical School, 13th Street, Building 149, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Sofie Piepers
- M-Team and Mastitis and Milk Quality Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Bruno Toledo-Silva
- M-Team and Mastitis and Milk Quality Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Fernando Nogueira de Souza
- M-Team and Mastitis and Milk Quality Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Freddy Haesebrouck
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Sarne De Vliegher
- M-Team and Mastitis and Milk Quality Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Evelyne Meyer
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary and Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
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13
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Park S, Jung D, Altshuler I, Kurban D, Dufour S, Ronholm J. A longitudinal census of the bacterial community in raw milk correlated with Staphylococcus aureus clinical mastitis infections in dairy cattle. Anim Microbiome 2022; 4:59. [PMID: 36434660 PMCID: PMC9701008 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-022-00211-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcus aureus is a common cause of clinical mastitis (CM) in dairy cattle. Optimizing the bovine mammary gland microbiota to resist S. aureus colonization is a growing area of research. However, the details of the interbacterial interactions between S. aureus and commensal bacteria, which would be required to manipulate the microbiome to resist infection, are still unknown. This study aims to characterize changes in the bovine milk bacterial community before, during, and after S. aureus CM and to compare bacterial communities present in milk between infected and healthy quarters. METHODS We collected quarter-level milk samples from 698 Holstein dairy cows over an entire lactation. A total of 11 quarters from 10 cows were affected by S. aureus CM and milk samples from these 10 cows (n = 583) regardless of health status were analyzed by performing 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. RESULTS The milk microbiota of healthy quarters was distinguishable from that of S. aureus CM quarters two weeks before CM diagnosis via visual inspection. Microbial network analysis showed that 11 OTUs had negative associations with OTU0001 (Staphylococcus). A low diversity or dysbiotic milk microbiome did not necessarily correlate with increased inflammation. Specifically, Staphylococcus xylosus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Aerococcus urinaeequi were each abundant in milk from the quarters with low levels of inflammation. CONCLUSION Our results show that the udder microbiome is highly dynamic, yet a change in the abundance in certain bacteria can be a potential indicator of future S. aureus CM. This study has identified potential prophylactic bacterial species that could act as a barrier against S. aureus colonization and prevent future instances of S. aureus CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyoun Park
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Mastitis Network, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
- Regroupement FRQNT Op+Lait, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Dongyun Jung
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Mastitis Network, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
- Regroupement FRQNT Op+Lait, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Ianina Altshuler
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Daryna Kurban
- Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
- Mastitis Network, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
- Regroupement FRQNT Op+Lait, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Simon Dufour
- Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
- Mastitis Network, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
- Regroupement FRQNT Op+Lait, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Jennifer Ronholm
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Mastitis Network, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada.
- Regroupement FRQNT Op+Lait, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada.
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14
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Rainard P, Gilbert FB, Germon P. Immune defenses of the mammary gland epithelium of dairy ruminants. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1031785. [PMID: 36341445 PMCID: PMC9634088 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1031785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithelium of the mammary gland (MG) fulfills three major functions: nutrition of progeny, transfer of immunity from mother to newborn, and its own defense against infection. The defense function of the epithelium requires the cooperation of mammary epithelial cells (MECs) with intraepithelial leucocytes, macrophages, DCs, and resident lymphocytes. The MG is characterized by the secretion of a large amount of a nutrient liquid in which certain bacteria can proliferate and reach a considerable bacterial load, which has conditioned how the udder reacts against bacterial invasions. This review presents how the mammary epithelium perceives bacteria, and how it responds to the main bacterial genera associated with mastitis. MECs are able to detect the presence of actively multiplying bacteria in the lumen of the gland: they express pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that recognize microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) released by the growing bacteria. Interactions with intraepithelial leucocytes fine-tune MECs responses. Following the onset of inflammation, new interactions are established with lymphocytes and neutrophils recruited from the blood. The mammary epithelium also identifies and responds to antigens, which supposes an antigen-presenting capacity. Its responses can be manipulated with drugs, plant extracts, probiotics, and immune modifiers, in order to increase its defense capacities or reduce the damage related to inflammation. Numerous studies have established that the mammary epithelium is a genuine effector of both innate and adaptive immunity. However, knowledge gaps remain and newly available tools offer the prospect of exciting research to unravel and exploit the multiple capacities of this particular epithelium.
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15
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Luo S, Wang Y, Kang X, Liu P, Wang G. Research progress on the association between mastitis and gastrointestinal microbes in dairy cows and the effect of probiotics. Microb Pathog 2022; 173:105809. [PMID: 36183956 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Mastitis in dairy cows affects milk quality and thereby constrains the development of the dairy industry. A clear understanding of the pathogenesis of mastitis can help its treatment. Mastitis is caused by the invasion of pathogenic bacteria into the mammary gland through the mammary ducts. However, recent studies suggested that an endogenous entero-mammary pathway in dairy cattle might also be playing an important role in regulating mastitis. Also, probiotic intervention regulating host gut microbes has become an interesting tool to control mastitis. This review discusses the association of gastrointestinal microbes with mastitis and the mechanism of action of probiotics in dairy cows to provide new ideas for the management of mastitis in large-scale dairy farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangyan Luo
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, 750021, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yuxia Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, 750021, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xinyun Kang
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, 750021, Yinchuan, China
| | - Panpan Liu
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, 750021, Yinchuan, China
| | - Guiqin Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, 750021, Yinchuan, China.
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16
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Survey of Management Practices and Farmers’ Perceptions of Diseases on Organic Dairy Cattle Farms in California. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12192526. [PMID: 36230266 PMCID: PMC9558946 DOI: 10.3390/ani12192526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In 2019, California accounted for approximately 40% of organic products in the US, and dairy products and milk were the top organic commodity in the state. The objective of this study was to describe organic dairy cattle farmers’ management practices and perceptions of diseases in California. A questionnaire on farm history and demographics, animal diseases, parasite problems, housing and pasture management, and organic education, was mailed to 160 organic dairy farms, of which 36 responded. Respondents were more likely to report mastitis in cows, pinkeye in heifers, and digestive problems in calves, as issues affecting their stock “often” or “almost always” in the last 12 months. Although most farmers vaccinated their cattle against Bovine Viral Diarrhea and Escherichia coli mastitis, they still described that these diseases frequently impacted their animals. Over half of the farmers did not perceive gastrointestinal parasites or biting flies to be a problem and did not observe signs of lice and mites. According to the results, the management of disease in all age classes is a concern; options and efficacies of alternative therapeutic methods, as well as preventive measures for organic dairies need to be further explored. Abstract In 2019, California accounted for approximately 40% of organic products in the US, and dairy products and milk were the top organic commodity in the state. The objective of this study was to describe organic dairy cattle farmers’ management practices and perceptions of diseases in California. A survey inquiring about farm history and demographics, animal diseases, parasite problems, housing and pasture management, and organic education, was mailed to 160 organic dairy farms, of which 36 (22.5%) responded. Among respondents, the majority (83.9%) were located in Northern California; median farm size was 310 cows, and the dominant breed was Holstein (60.0%). Respondents were more likely to report mastitis in cows (45.2%), pinkeye in heifers (31.3%), and digestive problems in calves (47.0%), as issues affecting their stock “often” or “almost always” in the last 12 months. Although most farmers vaccinated their cattle against Bovine Viral Diarrhea (86.1%) and Escherichia coli mastitis (80.6%), they still described that these diseases frequently impacted their animals. Over half of the farmers did not perceive gastrointestinal parasites or biting flies to be a problem and did not observe signs of lice and mites. According to the results, the management of disease in all age classes is a concern; options and efficacies of alternative therapeutic methods, as well as preventive measures for organic dairies need to be further explored.
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17
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Akhtar M, Naqvi SUAS, Liu Q, Pan H, Ma Z, Kong N, Chen Y, Shi D, Kulyar MFEA, Khan JA, Liu H. Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs) Are the Potential Immunomodulatory Metabolites in Controlling Staphylococcus aureus-Mediated Mastitis. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183687. [PMID: 36145063 PMCID: PMC9503071 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Mastitis is an emerging health concern in animals. An increased incidence of mastitis in dairy cows has been reported in the last few years across the world. It is estimated that up to 20% of cows are suffering from mastitis, causing incompetency in the mucosal immunity and resulting in excessive global economic losses in the dairy industry. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) has been reported as the most common bacterial pathogen of mastitis at clinical and sub-clinical levels. Antibiotics, including penicillin, macrolides, lincomycin, cephalosporins, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, and methicillin, were used to cure S. aureus-induced mastitis. However, S. aureus is resistant to most antibiotics, and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) especially has emerged as a critical health concern. MRSA impairs immune homeostasis leaving the host more susceptible to other infections. Thus, exploring an alternative to antibiotics has become an immediate requirement of the current decade. Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are the potent bioactive metabolites produced by host gut microbiota through fermentation and play a crucial role in host/pathogen interaction and could be applied as a potential therapeutic agent against mastitis. The purpose of this review is to summarize the potential mechanism by which SCFAs alleviate mastitis, providing the theoretical reference for the usage of SCFAs in preventing or curing mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Akhtar
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | | | - Qiyao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hong Pan
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ziyu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Na Kong
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Deshi Shi
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Muhammad Fakhar-e-Alam Kulyar
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jawaria Ali Khan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Huazhen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence:
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18
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Nalla K, Manda NK, Dhillon HS, Kanade SR, Rokana N, Hess M, Puniya AK. Impact of Probiotics on Dairy Production Efficiency. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:805963. [PMID: 35756055 PMCID: PMC9218901 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.805963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been growing interest on probiotics to enhance weight gain and disease resistance in young calves and to improve the milk yield in lactating animals by reducing the negative energy balance during the peak lactation period. While it has been well established that probiotics modulate the microbial community composition in the gastrointestinal tract, and a probiotic-mediated homeostasis in the rumen could improve feed conversation competence, volatile fatty acid production and nitrogen flow that enhances the milk composition as well as milk production, detailed changes on the molecular and metabolic level prompted by probiotic feed additives are still not understood. Moreover, as living biotherapeutic agents, probiotics have the potential to directly change the gene expression profile of animals by activating the signalling cascade in the host cells. Various direct and indirect components of probiotic approaches to improve the productivity of dairy animals are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirankumar Nalla
- Department of Plant Science, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Naresh Kumar Manda
- Department of Biosensors and Nanotechnology, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Santosh R Kanade
- Department of Plant Science, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Namita Rokana
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Matthias Hess
- Systems Microbiology and Natural Product Discovery Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Anil Kumar Puniya
- Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
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19
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Coates LC, Storms D, Finley JW, Fukagawa NK, Lemay DG, Kalscheur KF, Kable ME. A Low-Starch and High-Fiber Diet Intervention Impacts the Microbial Community of Raw Bovine Milk. Curr Dev Nutr 2022; 6:nzac086. [PMID: 35720468 PMCID: PMC9197574 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzac086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A more sustainable dairy cow diet was designed that minimizes use of feed components digestible by monogastric animals by increasing the quantity of forages. Objectives This study determined if feeding lactating cows the more sustainable, low-starch and high-fiber (LSHF) diet was associated with changes in raw milk microbiota composition and somatic cell count (SCC). Methods In a crossover design, 76 lactating Holstein cows were assigned to an LSHF diet or a high-starch and low-fiber (HSLF) diet, similar to common dairy cow diets in the United States, for 10 wk then placed on the opposite diet for 10 wk. The LSHF diet contained greater quantities of forages, beet pulp, and corn distillers' grain, but contained less canola meal and no high-moisture corn compared with the HSLF diet. Raw milk samples were collected from each cow 4-5 d before intervention and 5 wk into each diet treatment. Within 4 d, additional milk samples were collected for measurement of SCC using Fossmatic 7. The microbial community was determined by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene V4-V5 region and analyzing sequences with QIIME2. After quality filtering, 53 cows remained. Results Raw milk microbial communities differed by diet and time. Taxa associated with fiber consumption, such as Lachnospiraceae, Lactobacillus, Bacteroides, and Methanobrevibacter, were enriched with the LSHF diet. Meanwhile, taxa associated with mastitis, such as Pseudomonas, Stenotrophomonas, and Enterobacteriaceae, were enriched with the HSLF diet. Relatedly, an interaction of diet and time was found to impact SCC. Conclusions In raw milk, consumption of an LSHF diet compared with an HSLF diet was associated with changes in abundance of microbes previously associated with fiber consumption, udder health, and milk spoilage. Further research is needed to determine if an LSHF diet indeed leads to lower rates of mastitis and milk spoilage, which could benefit the dairy industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurynne C Coates
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, USA
| | - David Storms
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, USA
| | - John W Finley
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, George Washington Carver Center, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Naomi K Fukagawa
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Danielle G Lemay
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Kenneth F Kalscheur
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, US Dairy Forage Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mary E Kable
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, USA
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20
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Melara EG, Avellaneda MC, Valdivié M, García-Hernández Y, Aroche R, Martínez Y. Probiotics: Symbiotic Relationship with the Animal Host. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:719. [PMID: 35327116 PMCID: PMC8944810 DOI: 10.3390/ani12060719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic growth-promoters in animal feeding are known to generate bacterial resistance on commercial farms and have proven deleterious effects on human health. This review addresses the effects of probiotics and their symbiotic relationship with the animal host as a viable alternative for producing healthy meat, eggs, and milk at present and in the future. Probiotics can tolerate the conditions of the gastrointestinal tract, such as the gastric acid, pH and bile salts, to exert beneficial effects on the host. They (probiotics) may also have a beneficial effect on productivity, health and wellbeing in different parameters of animal performance. Probiotics stimulate the native microbiota (microbes that are present in their place of origin) and production of short-chain fatty acids, with proven effects such as antimicrobial, hypocholesterolemic and immunomodulatory effects, resulting in better intestinal health, nutrient absorption capacity and productive responses in ruminant and non-ruminant animals. These beneficial effects of probiotics are specific to each microbial strain; therefore, the isolation and identification of beneficial microorganisms, as well as in vitro and in vivo testing in different categories of farm animals, will guarantee their efficacy, replicability and sustainability in the current production systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvia Guadalupe Melara
- Master Program in Sustainable Tropical Agriculture, Graduate Department, Zamorano University, P.O. Box 93, Valle de Yeguare, San Antonio de Oriente 11101, Honduras;
| | - Mavir Carolina Avellaneda
- Plant Pathology, Diagnosis and Molecular Research Lab, Agricultural Sciences and Production Department, Zamorano University, P.O. Box 93, San Antonio de Oriente 11101, Honduras;
| | - Manuel Valdivié
- National Center for Laboratory Animal Production, P.O. Box 6240, Santiago de las Vegas, Rancho Boyeros, Havana 10900, Cuba;
| | - Yaneisy García-Hernández
- Departamento de Animales Monogástricos, Instituto de Ciencia Animal, Carretera Central km 47 ½, San José de las Lajas 32700, Cuba;
| | - Roisbel Aroche
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Granma, Bayamo 85100, Cuba;
| | - Yordan Martínez
- Poultry Research and Teaching Center, Agricultural Science and Production Department, Zamorano University, P.O. Box 93, Valle de Yeguare, San Antonio de Oriente 11101, Honduras
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Chuang ST, Li KY, Tu PW, Ho ST, Hsu CC, Hsieh JC, Chen MJ. Investigating the Reciprocal Interrelationships among the Ruminal Microbiota, Metabolome, and Mastitis in Early Lactating Holstein Dairy Cows. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11113108. [PMID: 34827839 PMCID: PMC8614428 DOI: 10.3390/ani11113108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Dairy cow mastitis is an inflammatory disease often caused by bacterial infections. In the present study, we identified the ruminal microbial biomarkers and metabolites of mastitis in dairy cows. The investigation of the reciprocal interrelationships among the ruminal microbiota, metabolome, and mastitis revealed that short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing microflora and the metabolites related to anti-inflammation and antibacterial activity were significantly higher in healthy cows than in those with mastitis. The identified potential species and metabolites might provide a novel perspective to assist in targeting the ruminal microbiota with preventive/therapeutic strategies against mastitis in the future. Abstract Mastitis in dairy cow significantly affects animal performance, ultimately reducing profitability. The reciprocal interrelationships among ruminal microbiota, metabolome, and mastitis combining early inflammatory factors (serum proinflammatory cytokines) in lactating dairy cows has not been explored, thus, this study evaluated these reciprocal interrelationships in early lactating Holstein dairy cows to identify potential microbial biomarkers and their relationship with ruminal metabolites. The ruminal fluid was sampled from 8 healthy and 8 mastitis cows for the microbiota and metabolite analyses. The critical ruminal microbial biomarkers and metabolites related to somatic cell counts (SCC) and serum proinflammatory cytokines were identified by the linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) algorithm and Spearman’s correlation analysis, respectively. The SCC level and proinflammatory cytokines positively correlated with Sharpea and negatively correlated with Ruminococcaceae UCG-014, Ruminococcus flavefaciens, and Treponema saccharophilum. Furthermore, the metabolites xanthurenic acid, and 1-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl) ethan-1-ol positively correlated with microbial biomarkers of healthy cows, whereas, xanthine, pantothenic acid, and anacardic acid were negatively correlated with the microbial biomarkers of mastitis cows. In conclusion, Ruminococcus flavefaciens and Treponema saccharophilum are potential strains for improving the health of dairy cows. The current study provides a novel perspective to assist in targeting the ruminal microbiota with preventive/therapeutic strategies against inflammatory diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Te Chuang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402204, Taiwan;
| | - Kuan-Yi Li
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106037, Taiwan; (K.-Y.L.); (P.-W.T.); (J.-C.H.)
| | - Po-Wen Tu
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106037, Taiwan; (K.-Y.L.); (P.-W.T.); (J.-C.H.)
| | - Shang-Tse Ho
- Department of Wood Based Materials and Design, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 600355, Taiwan;
| | - Cheng-Chih Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106319, Taiwan;
| | - Jui-Chun Hsieh
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106037, Taiwan; (K.-Y.L.); (P.-W.T.); (J.-C.H.)
| | - Ming-Ju Chen
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106037, Taiwan; (K.-Y.L.); (P.-W.T.); (J.-C.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.:+886-2-336-641-69
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22
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Beuckelaere L, De Visscher A, Souza FN, Meyer E, Haesebrouck F, Piepers S, De Vliegher S. Colonization and local host response following intramammary Staphylococcus chromogenes challenge in dry cows. Vet Res 2021; 52:137. [PMID: 34711282 PMCID: PMC8554945 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-021-01007-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although extensive research has been performed on bovine non-aureus staphylococci (NAS), several aspects such as bacteria-host interaction remain largely unstudied. Moreover, only a few mastitis pathogen challenge studies in cows have been conducted in the dry period, an important period that allows intramammary infection (IMI) to cure and new IMI to occur. We challenged 16 quarters of 4 Holstein Friesian cows at dry off with 100; 100 000 or 10 000 000 CFU of the udder-adapted S. chromogenes IM strain. Four quarters from one cow served as negative controls. Internally sealed quarters remained untouched, whereas non-sealed quarters were sampled 3 times during the dry period. After parturition, colostrum and daily milk samples were taken during the first week of lactation of all quarters. In total, 8 quarters appeared to be colonized, since S. chromogenes IM was recovered at least once during the experiment, as substantiated using Multilocus Sequence Typing. S. chromogenes IM shedding was highest in dry quarters inoculated with 10 000 000 CFU. Colonized quarters had the highest quarter somatic cell count (qSCC) in early lactation. Inoculated quarters (both colonized and non-colonized) had lower IL-6 and IL-10 concentrations in the dry period, whilst IFN-γ levels tended to be higher in colonized quarters compared to non-inoculated quarters. Also, IgG2 levels were higher in inoculated compared to non-inoculated quarters and the IgG2/IgG1 ratio was on average above 1. To conclude, we showed that dry quarters can be colonized with S. chromogenes IM, resulting in a shift towards a Th1 response in late gestation and early lactation characterised by an increased IgG2 concentration. However, further research is needed to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Beuckelaere
- M-team and Mastitis and Milk Quality Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Anneleen De Visscher
- M-team and Mastitis and Milk Quality Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.,Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Technology and Food Science, Burgemeester Van Gansberghelaan 115 bus 1, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Fernando Nogueira Souza
- Veterinary Clinical Immunology Research Group, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo, 05508-270, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciência Animal, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Areia, 58397-000, Brazil
| | - Evelyne Meyer
- Department of Veterinary and Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Freddy Haesebrouck
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Sofie Piepers
- M-team and Mastitis and Milk Quality Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Sarne De Vliegher
- M-team and Mastitis and Milk Quality Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
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A new, reliable, and high-throughput strategy to screen bacteria for antagonistic activity against Staphylococcus aureus. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:189. [PMID: 34167492 PMCID: PMC8228506 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02265-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clones have emerged globally over the last few decades. Probiotics have been actively studied as an alternative to antibiotics to prevent and treat S. aureus infections, but identifying new probiotic bacteria, that have antagonistic activity against S. aureus, is difficult since traditional screening strategies are time-consuming and expensive. Here, we describe a new plasmid-based method which uses highly stable plasmids to screen bacteria with antagonistic activity against S. aureus. Results We have created two recombinant plasmids (pQS1 and pQS3) which carry either gfpbk or mCherry under the control of a S. aureus quorum-sensing (QS) promoter (agrP3). Using this recombinant plasmid pair, we tested 81 bacteria isolated from Holstein dairy milk to identify bacteria that had growth-inhibiting activity against S. aureus and suggest potential explanations for the growth inhibition. The stability test illustrated that pQS1 and pQS3 remained highly stable for at least 24 h in batch culture conditions without selection pressure from antibiotics. This allowed co-culturing of S. aureus with other bacteria. Using the newly developed pQS plasmids, we found commensal bacteria, isolated from raw bovine milk, which had growth-inhibiting activity (n = 13) and quorum-quenching (QQ) activity (n = 13) towards both S. aureus Sa25 (CC97) and Sa27 (CC151). The pQS-based method is efficient and effective for simultaneously screening growth-inhibiting and QQ bacteria against S. aureus on agar media. Conclusions It was shown that growth-inhibiting and QQ activity toward pQS plasmid transformants of S. aureus can be simultaneously monitored by observing the zone of growth inhibition and reporter protein inhibition on agar plates. Newly identified antagonistic bacteria and their functional biomolecules are promising candidates for future development of probiotic drugs and prophylactics/therapeutics for bacterial infections including S. aureus. Furthermore, this new approach can be a useful method to find bacteria that can be used to prevent and treat S. aureus infections in both humans and animals. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12866-021-02265-4.
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24
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Sharun K, Dhama K, Tiwari R, Gugjoo MB, Iqbal Yatoo M, Patel SK, Pathak M, Karthik K, Khurana SK, Singh R, Puvvala B, Amarpal, Singh R, Singh KP, Chaicumpa W. Advances in therapeutic and managemental approaches of bovine mastitis: a comprehensive review. Vet Q 2021; 41:107-136. [PMID: 33509059 PMCID: PMC7906113 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2021.1882713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mastitis (intramammary inflammation) caused by infectious pathogens is still considered a devastating condition of dairy animals affecting animal welfare as well as economically incurring huge losses to the dairy industry by means of decreased production performance and increased culling rates. Bovine mastitis is the inflammation of the mammary glands/udder of bovines, caused by bacterial pathogens, in most cases. Routine diagnosis is based on clinical and subclinical forms of the disease. This underlines the significance of early and rapid identification/detection of etiological agents at the farm level, for which several diagnostic techniques have been developed. Therapeutic regimens such as antibiotics, immunotherapy, bacteriocins, bacteriophages, antimicrobial peptides, probiotics, stem cell therapy, native secretory factors, nutritional, dry cow and lactation therapy, genetic selection, herbs, and nanoparticle technology-based therapy have been evaluated for their efficacy in the treatment of mastitis. Even though several strategies have been developed over the years for the purpose of managing both clinical and subclinical forms of mastitis, all of them lacked the efficacy to eliminate the associated etiological agent when used as a monotherapy. Further, research has to be directed towards the development of new therapeutic agents/techniques that can both replace conventional techniques and also solve the problem of emerging antibiotic resistance. The objective of the present review is to describe the etiological agents, pathogenesis, and diagnosis in brief along with an extensive discussion on the advances in the treatment and management of mastitis, which would help safeguard the health of dairy animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khan Sharun
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalay Evum Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, India
| | - Mudasir Bashir Gugjoo
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Mohd Iqbal Yatoo
- Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Shailesh Kumar Patel
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mamta Pathak
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kumaragurubaran Karthik
- Central University Laboratory, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Rahul Singh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bhavani Puvvala
- Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Veterinary Education and Research, Kurumbapet, Puducherry, India
| | - Amarpal
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajendra Singh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Karam Pal Singh
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Wanpen Chaicumpa
- Center of Research Excellence on Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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25
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Rainard P. Letter to the Editor: Comments on “Mammary microbial dysbiosis leads to the zoonosis of bovine mastitis: a One-Health perspective” by Maity and Ambatipudi. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2021; 97:6294903. [PMID: 34100928 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiab077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Rainard
- INRAE, Université de Tours, UMR ISP, F-37380, Nouzilly, France
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26
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Maity S, Ambatipudi K. Mammary microbial dysbiosis leads to the zoonosis of bovine mastitis: a One-Health perspective. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2021; 97:6006870. [PMID: 33242081 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiaa241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine mastitis is a prototypic emerging and reemerging bacterial disease that results in cut-by-cut torture to animals, public health and the global economy. Pathogenic microbes causing mastitis have overcome a series of hierarchical barriers resulting in the zoonotic transmission from bovines to humans either by proximity or remotely through milk and meat. The disease control is challenging and has been attributed to faulty surveillance systems to monitor their emergence at the human-animal interface. The complex interaction between the pathogens, the hidden pathobionts and commensals of the bovine mammary gland that create a menace during mastitis remains unexplored. Here, we review the zoonotic potential of these pathogens with a primary focus on understanding the interplay between the host immunity, mammary ecology and the shift from symbiosis to dysbiosis. We also address the pros and cons of the current management strategies and the extent of the success in implementing the One-Health approach to keep these pathogens at bay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudipa Maity
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, , India
| | - Kiran Ambatipudi
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, , India
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Sevin S, Karaca B, Haliscelik O, Kibar H, OmerOglou E, Kiran F. Postbiotics secreted by Lactobacillus sakei EIR/CM-1 isolated from cow milk microbiota, display antibacterial and antibiofilm activity against ruminant mastitis-causing pathogens. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2021.1958077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sedat Sevin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
- The Company of Sentezfarma, Ankara University Technopolis, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Basar Karaca
- Microbiology Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ozan Haliscelik
- Pharmabiotic Technologies Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hazal Kibar
- Pharmabiotic Technologies Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emine OmerOglou
- Pharmabiotic Technologies Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fadime Kiran
- Pharmabiotic Technologies Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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Alawneh JI, James AS, Phillips N, Fraser B, Jury K, Soust M, Olchowy TWJ. Efficacy of a Lactobacillus-Based Teat Spray on Udder Health in Lactating Dairy Cows. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:584436. [PMID: 33195609 PMCID: PMC7644449 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.584436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Teat disinfection is a common pre- and post-milking mastitis prevention practice that is part of a mastitis control program in dairy herds. Commercially available teat disinfectants are generally chemical-based products. The use of these products has occasionally raised concerns about the risk of chemical residues in milk. An alternative treatment or prevention strategy based on probiotics has the potential to circumvent this risk. Two treatments were compared in a cross-over clinical trial in a single herd: a lactobacillus-based, post-milking teat spray (LACT), and a commercial iodine-based post-milking teat disinfectant product as (positive control, PC). The effect of the two treatments on cow somatic cell counts was quantified using a multivariate mixed-effects linear regression model with cow fitted as a random effect. The odds of teat end scores increasing from a low to a high score tended to be lower (OR = 0.74, 95% CI 0.54-1.01, P = 0.06) for cows receiving LACT treatment. On average, there was also a tendency for a lower somatic cell counts in the LACT treated cows (antilog of coefficient = 0.91, 95% CI 0.80-1.03, P = 0.13) compared with the PC treated cows. The application of the lactobacillus-based product to teats could reduce the rate of teat end scores progression from low to higher scores, and potentially improve teat end sphincter functions and udder health. Further, larger scale validation work is required to support the findings of the current study.
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Affiliation(s)
- John I Alawneh
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, Australia.,Good Clinical Practice Research Group, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, Australia
| | - Ameh S James
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, Australia.,Good Clinical Practice Research Group, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, Australia
| | - Nancy Phillips
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, Australia
| | - Brandon Fraser
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, Australia
| | - Karen Jury
- Terragen Biotech Pty Ltd., Coolum Beach, QLD, Australia
| | - Martin Soust
- Terragen Biotech Pty Ltd., Coolum Beach, QLD, Australia
| | - Timothy W J Olchowy
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, Australia.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Maity S, Das D, Ambatipudi K. Quantitative alterations in bovine milk proteome from healthy, subclinical and clinical mastitis during S. aureus infection. J Proteomics 2020; 223:103815. [PMID: 32423885 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.103815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bovine mastitis, caused by Staphylococcus aureus, is a major impediment to milk production and lacks markers to indicate disease progression in cows and buffaloes. Thus, the focus of this study was to identify proteins marking the transition from subclinical to clinical mastitis. Whey proteins were isolated from 6 group's i.e. healthy, subclinical and clinical mastitis of Holstein Friesian cow and Murrah buffalo. Mass spectrometry and statistical analysis (ANOVA and t-tests) were performed on 12 biological samples each from cow and buffalo (4 per healthy, subclinical and clinical mastitis) resulting in a total of 24 proteome datasets. Collectively, 1479 proteins were identified of which significant proteins were shortlisted by a combination of fold change (≤ 0.5 or ≥ 2) and q < 0.05. Of these proteins, 128 and 163 indicated disease progression in cow and buffalo, respectively. Change in expression of haptoglobin and fibronectin from Holstein Friesian while spermadhesin and osteopontin from Murrah correlated with disease progression. Similarly, angiogenin and cofilin-1 were upregulated while ubiquitin family members were downregulated during disease transition. Subsequently, selected proteins (e.g. osteopontin and fibrinogen-α) were validated by Western blots. The results of this study provide deeper insights into whey proteome dynamics and signature patterns indicative of disease progression. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Bovine mastitis is the most lethal infectious disease causing a huge economic loss in the dairy industry. In an attempt, to understand the dynamics of whey proteome in response to S. aureus infection, whey protein collected from healthy, subclinical and clinical mastitic HF and Mu were investigated. A total of 1479 proteins were identified, of which 128 and 163 had signature pattern in each stage indicative of the progression of the disease. The results of the present study provide a foundation to better understand the complexity of mastitis that will ultimately help facilitate early therapeutic and husbandry-based intervention to improve animal health and milk quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudipa Maity
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Debiprasanna Das
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar 751003, India
| | - Kiran Ambatipudi
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India.
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Basım P, Özdenkaya Y. Can Traditional Fermented Food Products Protect Mothers Against Lactational Mastitis. Breastfeed Med 2020; 15:163-169. [PMID: 31977239 DOI: 10.1089/bfm.2019.0261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Background/Objective: Various dietary factors, including the daily food intake during pregnancy and lactation can play a role in the development of lactational mastitis (LM). To investigate the effect of the most commonly consumed fermented foods (FF) during pregnancy and lactation in Turkey and other factors described in the literature regarding childbirth and breastfeeding on the development of LM. Materials and Methods: The study included 607 volunteers in the lactational period, of whom 303 had LM and 304 had no mastitis event. The data on sociodemographics, childbirth, and breastfeeding, and the consumption frequency of six types of FF were collected through a face-to-face questionnaire. Results: The variables significantly and independently associated with LM were birth week (odds ratio [OR] = 80.83, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.12-1.94), birth weight (OR = 0.63, CI: 1.24-1.79), time to breastfeeding after birth (OR = 0.79, CI: 1.62-2.31), breastfeeding length (OR = 0.12, CI: 2.25-2.78), breast preference (OR = 0.13, CI: 2.83-3.42), use of cream on nipples (OR = 0.81, CI: 1.31-1.97), use of oral probiotics (OR = 0.29, CI: 1.86-2.92), and receiving breastfeeding education from an expert (OR = 0.22, CI: 1.22-2.34). According to the multinominal logistic regression analysis, the daily consumption of kefir (OR = 0.69, CI: 1.18-2.22), homemade yogurt (OR = 0.78, CI: 1.14-1.87), conventional yogurt (OR = 0.81, CI: 1.24-2.46), boza (OR = 0.79, CI: 2.19-2.99), tarhana (OR = 0.52, CI: 2.47-2.81), and pickles (OR = 0.22, CI: 1.22-2.34) significantly reduced the risk of LM development. The diversity of consumed FF was also found to be protective against LM (OR = 0.34, CI: 1.34-2.35). Conclusion: Kefir, homemade and conventional yogurt, boza, tarhana, and pickles can protect breastfeeding mothers and also reduce the risk of LM development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pelin Basım
- Department of General Surgery, Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yaşar Özdenkaya
- Department of General Surgery, Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Oikonomou G, Addis MF, Chassard C, Nader-Macias MEF, Grant I, Delbès C, Bogni CI, Le Loir Y, Even S. Milk Microbiota: What Are We Exactly Talking About? Front Microbiol 2020; 11:60. [PMID: 32117107 PMCID: PMC7034295 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of powerful sequencing techniques has allowed, albeit with some biases, the identification and inventory of complex microbial communities that inhabit different body sites or body fluids, some of which were previously considered sterile. Notably, milk is now considered to host a complex microbial community with great diversity. Milk microbiota is now well documented in various hosts. Based on the growing literature on this microbial community, we address here the question of what milk microbiota is. We summarize and compare the microbial composition of milk in humans and in ruminants and address the existence of a putative core milk microbiota. We discuss the factors that contribute to shape the milk microbiota or affect its composition, including host and environmental factors as well as methodological factors, such as the sampling and sequencing techniques, which likely introduce distortion in milk microbiota analysis. The roles that milk microbiota are likely to play in the mother and offspring physiology and health are presented together with recent data on the hypothesis of an enteromammary pathway. At last, this fascinating field raises a series of questions, which are listed and commented here and which open new research avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Oikonomou
- Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Filippa Addis
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - I Grant
- Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, United Kingdom
| | - Celine Delbès
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UMRF, Aurillac, France
| | - Cristina Inés Bogni
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Argentina
| | - Yves Le Loir
- STLO, UMR 1253, INRAE, Agrocampus Ouest, Rennes, France
| | - Sergine Even
- STLO, UMR 1253, INRAE, Agrocampus Ouest, Rennes, France
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Krishnan D, Al-harbi H, Gibson J, Olchowy T, Alawneh J. On the use of probiotics to improve dairy cattle health and productivity. MICROBIOLOGY AUSTRALIA 2020. [DOI: 10.1071/ma20022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are genetically identifiable, live microorganisms that when administered in adequate amounts, confer appropriately sized health benefit (e.g. correcting dysbiosis, immunomodulatory effect) on a target host. In cattle, probiotics have shown promising results and long-term benefits in productivity when used on animals under stress. The health and production benefits of probiotics were attributed to improvement in fermentation in rumen and intestine, the stabilisation of rumen pH, and improvements in the intestinal barriers. In the bovine udder, a dysbiosis of the commensal intramammary microbiota and the presence of mastitis causing-bacteria has been linked to increased intramammary infections. Probiotic bacteria capable of biofilm formation inside the udder either serve as a barrier against pathogens or disrupt and replace biofilms formed by pathogens. Over the past two decades, several types of probiotics have been used as feed additives; however, the effect of probiotic use on disease prevention and cattle health and performance indicators, and characterisation of the immunomodulatory association between probiotic microbiota and host target system microbiota are yet to be quantified or documented.
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Ballou MA, Davis EM, Kasl BA. Nutraceuticals: An Alternative Strategy for the Use of Antimicrobials. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2019; 35:507-534. [PMID: 31590900 PMCID: PMC7127241 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Livestock industries strive to improve the health of their animals and, in the future, they are going to be required to do this with a continued reduction in antimicrobial use. Nutraceuticals represent a group of compounds that may help fill that void because they exert some health benefits when supplemented to livestock. This review is focused on the mechanisms of action, specifically related to the immune responses and health of ruminants. The nutraceutical classes discussed include probiotics, prebiotics, phytonutrients (essential oils and spices), and polyunsaturated fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Ballou
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
| | - Emily M Davis
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Benjamin A Kasl
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
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Doyle N, Mbandlwa P, Kelly WJ, Attwood G, Li Y, Ross RP, Stanton C, Leahy S. Use of Lactic Acid Bacteria to Reduce Methane Production in Ruminants, a Critical Review. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2207. [PMID: 31632365 PMCID: PMC6781651 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Enteric fermentation in ruminants is the single largest anthropogenic source of agricultural methane and has a significant role in global warming. Consequently, innovative solutions to reduce methane emissions from livestock farming are required to ensure future sustainable food production. One possible approach is the use of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), Gram positive bacteria that produce lactic acid as a major end product of carbohydrate fermentation. LAB are natural inhabitants of the intestinal tract of mammals and are among the most important groups of microorganisms used in food fermentations. LAB can be readily isolated from ruminant animals and are currently used on-farm as direct-fed microbials (DFMs) and as silage inoculants. While it has been proposed that LAB can be used to reduce methane production in ruminant livestock, so far research has been limited, and convincing animal data to support the concept are lacking. This review has critically evaluated the current literature and provided a comprehensive analysis and summary of the potential use and mechanisms of LAB as a methane mitigation strategy. It is clear that although there are some promising results, more research is needed to identify whether the use of LAB can be an effective methane mitigation option for ruminant livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Doyle
- Teagasc Moorepark Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | | | - Graeme Attwood
- AgResearch Limited, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Yang Li
- AgResearch Limited, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - R. Paul Ross
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Catherine Stanton
- Teagasc Moorepark Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Sinead Leahy
- AgResearch Limited, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Cameron A, McAllister TA. Could probiotics be the panacea alternative to the use of antimicrobials in livestock diets? Benef Microbes 2019; 10:773-799. [PMID: 31965849 DOI: 10.3920/bm2019.0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics are most frequently derived from the natural microbiota of healthy animals. These bacteria and their metabolic products are viewed as nutritional tools for promoting animal health and productivity, disease prevention and therapy, and food safety in an era defined by increasingly widespread antimicrobial resistance in bacterial pathogens. In contemporary livestock production, antimicrobial usage is indispensable for animal welfare, and employed to enhance growth and feed efficiency. Given the importance of antimicrobials in both human and veterinary medicine, their effective replacement with direct-fed microbials or probiotics could help reduce antimicrobial use, perhaps restoring or extending the usefulness of these precious drugs against serious infections. Thus, probiotic research in livestock is rapidly evolving, aspiring to produce local and systemic health benefits on par with antimicrobials. Although many studies have clearly demonstrated the potential of probiotics to positively affect animal health and inhibit pathogens, experimental evidence suggests that probiotics' successes are modest, conditional, strain-dependent, and transient. Here, we explore current understanding, trends, and emerging applications of probiotic research and usage in major livestock species, and highlight successes in animal health and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cameron
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 5403 1st Ave South, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4P4, Canada
| | - T A McAllister
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 5403 1st Ave South, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4P4, Canada
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Angelopoulou A, Warda AK, Hill C, Ross RP. Non-antibiotic microbial solutions for bovine mastitis – live biotherapeutics, bacteriophage, and phage lysins. Crit Rev Microbiol 2019; 45:564-580. [DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2019.1648381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Angeliki Angelopoulou
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Alicja K. Warda
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Colin Hill
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - R. Paul Ross
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Co. Cork, Ireland
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