1
|
Kang A, Lee H, Lee A, Roh Y, Sim B, Jeong J. Biomechanical Comparison of Double 2.3-mm Headless Cannulated Self-Compression Screws and Single 3.5-mm Cortical Screw in Lag Fashion in a Canine Sacroiliac Luxation Model: A Small Dog Cadaveric Study. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2024; 37:13-22. [PMID: 37562428 PMCID: PMC10789505 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1771508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of safe positioning of double 2.3-mm headless cannulated self-compression screws (HCS) in a small dog cadaveric sacroiliac luxation model and to compare the static rotational biomechanical properties of fixation repaired using two different screw systems with a minimally invasive osteosynthesis technique: double 2.3-mm HCS and a single 3.5-mm standard cortical screw placed in a lag fashion. STUDY DESIGN A unilateral small dog sacroiliac luxation model was stabilized using double 2.3-mm HCS (n = 11) or a single 3.5-mm cortical screw (n = 11). Radiographic and computed tomography (CT) imaging analyses and biomechanical testing of rotational force on the sacroiliac joint of both fixations were performed. The maximum load at failure and failure modes of each fixation were recorded and compared. RESULTS Fluoroscopically guided percutaneous application of double HCS was safe in a unilateral sacroiliac luxation model in small dogs without violation of the vertebral and ventral sacral foramen. Furthermore, resistance to rotational force applied on fixation of the sacroiliac joint repaired with double 2.3-mm HCS estimated by maximum failure load was significantly higher than that of a single 3.5-mm cortical screw (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Although this was an experimental cadaveric study, based on our results, the use of smaller double HCS may be beneficial as an alternative to the conventional single lag screw for stabilization of sacroiliac luxation in small dogs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- AhRan Kang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Haebeom Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Arim Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonho Roh
- Division of Animal Surgery, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Bokyun Sim
- Graduate Program of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaemin Jeong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Charalambous D, Lutonsky C, Keider S, Tichy A, Bockstahler B. Vertical ground reaction forces, paw pressure distribution, and center of pressure during heelwork in working dogs competing in obedience. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1106170. [PMID: 36846253 PMCID: PMC9950403 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1106170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Heelwork walking is a command that competitive obedience and working dogs are trained to perform. Unlike other canine sports, the research for competitive obedience sport is limited and no research regarding biomechanical gait adaptions during heelwork walking has been published. The aim of the study was to investigate the changes in vertical ground reaction forces, paw pressure distribution (PPD), and center of pressure (COP) of Belgian Malinois during heelwork walking. Ten healthy Belgian Malinois were included in the study. The dogs walked first without heeling (normal walk) and then while heeling on a pressure platform. The comparison between normal and heelwork walking was performed using mixed-effects models. Post-hoc analyses were performed using Sidak's alpha correction procedure. During heelwork walking, a significant decrease in the vertical impulse and stance phase duration (SPD) and a significant increase in the craniocaudal index and speed of COP was observed in the forelimbs compared to normal walking. At the hindlimbs, a significant increase in vertical impulse and SPD was observed during heelwork walking. Regarding PPD, a significant decrease of vertical impulse was observed at the cranial quadrants of the right forelimb and craniolateral quadrant of the left forelimb during heelwork. The area was significantly decreased at the craniolateral quadrant of the left forelimb and the time for the peak vertical force was prolonged significantly at the caudal quadrants of the right forelimb during heelwork walking. The vertical impulse was significantly increased in all quadrants of the hindlimbs except the craniolateral quadrant of the left hindlimb. The effect of these changes on the musculoskeletal system of working dogs should be investigated in further studies, using electromyography and kinematic analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danae Charalambous
- Department of Companion Animals and Horses, University Clinic for Small Animals, Small Animal Surgery, Section of Physical Therapy, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria,*Correspondence: Danae Charalambous ✉
| | - Christiane Lutonsky
- Department of Companion Animals and Horses, University Clinic for Small Animals, Small Animal Surgery, Section of Physical Therapy, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Keider
- Department of Companion Animals and Horses, University Clinic for Small Animals, Small Animal Surgery, Section of Physical Therapy, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Tichy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Platform of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Bockstahler
- Department of Companion Animals and Horses, University Clinic for Small Animals, Small Animal Surgery, Section of Physical Therapy, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wise R, Jones J, Werre S, Aguirre M. The prevalence of sacroiliac joint CT and MRI findings is high in large breed dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2022; 63:739-748. [PMID: 35679472 PMCID: PMC9669105 DOI: 10.1111/vru.13109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Sacroiliac joint (SIJ) disease has been described as one of the possible causes of lumbosacral (LS) region pain in dogs. However, published information is currently lacking for the computed tomographic (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics of canine SIJ disease. The objectives of this retrospective, observational study were to describe and quantify CT and MRI SIJ findings in a sample of large breed dogs and test associations between the numbers of SIJ findings and other variables. Data archives for a veterinary teaching hospital were searched for large breed dogs (≥ 22.7 kg) that had CT or MRI scans of the LS and pelvic regions in 2015-2019. Dogs with a history of acute trauma or scans with incomplete SIJs were excluded. A veterinary student recorded medical record findings. A veterinary radiologist and graduate student recorded CT and MRI findings based on previously published criteria in dogs and humans. Fifty-three dogs were sampled (20 CT, 33 MRI). Categories of findings with the highest prevalence were subchondral erosion (100% CT, 100% MRI) and subchondral sclerosis (95% CT, 97% MRI). The total numbers of SIJ findings per dog were not associated with dog age, sex, weight, or concurrent findings in the LS or pelvic regions. The total number of MRI SIJ findings per dog differed between German Shepherds and Labrador Retrievers (P = 0.0237) as well as between Labrador Retrievers and other breeds (P = 0.0414). These results indicated that CT and MRI findings reported in humans with SIJ disease are common in large breed dogs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Wise
- Class of 2021, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine
| | - Jeryl Jones
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences and the South Carolina Translational Research Improving Musculoskeletal Health Center, Clemson University
| | - Stephen Werre
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
| | - Magdalena Aguirre
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences and the South Carolina Translational Research Improving Musculoskeletal Health Center, Clemson University
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Moore BRS, Roloson MJ, Currie PJ, Ryan MJ, Patterson RT, Mallon JC. The appendicular myology of Stegoceras validum (Ornithischia: Pachycephalosauridae) and implications for the head-butting hypothesis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268144. [PMID: 36048811 PMCID: PMC9436104 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we use an exceptional skeleton of the pachycephalosaur Stegoceras validum (UALVP 2) to inform a comprehensive appendicular muscle reconstruction of the animal, with the goal of better understanding the functional morphology of the pachycephalosaur postcranial skeleton. We find that S. validum possessed a conservative forelimb musculature, particularly in comparison to early saurischian bipeds. By contrast, the pelvic and hind limb musculature are more derived, reflecting peculiarities of the underlying skeletal anatomy. The iliotibialis, ischiocaudalis, and caudofemoralis muscles have enlarged attachment sites and the caudofemoralis has greater leverage owing to the distal displacement of the fourth trochanter along the femur. These larger muscles, in combination with the wide pelvis and stout hind limbs, produced a stronger, more stable pelvic structure that would have proved advantageous during hypothesized intraspecific head-butting contests. The pelvis may have been further stabilized by enlarged sacroiliac ligaments, which stemmed from the unique medial iliac flange of the pachycephalosaurs. Although the pubis of UALVP 2 is not preserved, the pubes of other pachycephalosaurs are highly reduced. The puboischiofemoralis musculature was likely also reduced accordingly, and compensated for by the aforementioned improved pelvic musculature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan R. S. Moore
- Ottawa Carleton Geoscience Center and Department of Earth Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Mathew J. Roloson
- Ottawa Carleton Geoscience Center and Department of Earth Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Philip J. Currie
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michael J. Ryan
- Ottawa Carleton Geoscience Center and Department of Earth Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Beaty Centre for Species Discovery and Palaeobiology section, Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - R. Timothy Patterson
- Ottawa Carleton Geoscience Center and Department of Earth Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jordan C. Mallon
- Ottawa Carleton Geoscience Center and Department of Earth Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Beaty Centre for Species Discovery and Palaeobiology section, Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ramos MT, Otto CM. Canine Mobility Maintenance and Promotion of a Healthy Lifestyle. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2022; 52:907-924. [PMID: 35562216 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This article highlights the recommendations and considerations for maintaining a healthy canine lifestyle. A key component of a healthy lifestyle is the enhancement and optimization of mobility. Mobility is essential in maintaining a high quality of life and involves the interplay of a dog's structure, posture, body condition score, physical exercise, and a healthy human-animal bond throughout a dog's lifetime.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meghan T Ramos
- Penn Vet Working Dog Center, Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3401 Grays Ferry Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19146, USA.
| | - Cynthia M Otto
- Penn Vet Working Dog Center, Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3401 Grays Ferry Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19146, USA
| |
Collapse
|