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Amerian M, Palangi A, Gohari G, Ntatsi G. Humic acid and grafting as sustainable agronomic practices for increased growth and secondary metabolism in cucumber subjected to salt stress. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15883. [PMID: 38987579 PMCID: PMC11237161 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66677-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Salinity stress poses a significant treat to crop yields and product quality worldwide. Application of a humic acid bio stimulant and grafting onto tolerant rootstocks can both be considered sustainable agronomic practices that can effectively ameliorate the negative effects of salinity stress. This study aimed to assess the above mentioned ameliorative effects of both practices on cucumber plants subjected to saline environments. To attain this goal a factorial experiment was carried out in the form of a completely randomized design with three replications. The three factors considered were (a) three different salinity levels (0, 5, and 10 dS m-1 of NaCl), (b) foliar application of humic acid at three levels (0, 100, and 200 mg L-1), and (c) both grafted and ungrafted plants. Vegetative traits including plant height, fresh and dry weight and number of leaf exhibited a significant decrease under increasing salinity stress. However, the application of humic acid at both levels mitigated these effects compared to control plants. The reduction in relative water content (RWC) of the leaf caused by salinity, was compensated by the application of humic acid and grafting. Thus, the highest RWC (86.65%) was observed in grafting plants with 0 dS m-1 of NaCl and 20 mg L-1 of humic acid. Electrolyte leakage (EL) increased under salinity stress, but the application of humic acid and grafting improved this trait and the lowest amount of EL (26.95%) was in grafting plants with 0 dS m-1 of NaCl and 20 mg L-1 of humic acid. The highest amount of catalase (0.53 mmol H2O2 g-1 fw min-1) and peroxidase (12.290 mmol H2O2 g-1 fw min-1) enzymes were observed in the treatment of 10 dS m-1 of NaCl and 200 mg L-1 humic acid. The highest amount of total phenol (1.99 mg g-1 FW), total flavonoid (0.486 mg g-1 FW), total soluble carbohydrate (30.80 mg g-1 FW), soluble protein (34.56 mg g-1 FW), proline (3.86 µg g-1 FW) was in grafting plants with 0 dS m-1 of NaCl and 200 mg L-1 of humic acid. Phenolic acids and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) enzymes increased with increasing salinity and humic acid levels. Contrary to humic acid, salt stress increased the sodium (Na+) and chlorine (Cl-) and decreased the amount of potassium (K+) and calcium (Ca2+) in the root and leaf of ungrafted cucumber. However, the application 200 mg L-1 humic acid appeared to mitigate these effects, thereby suggesting a potential role in moderating physiological processes and improving growth of cucumber plants subjected to salinity stress. According to the obtained results, spraying of humic acid (200 mg L-1) and the use of salt resistant rootstocks are recommended to increase tolerance to salt stress in cucumber. These results, for the first time, clearly demonstrated that fig leaf gourd a new highly salt-tolerant rootstock, enhances salt tolerance and improves yield and quality of grafted cucumber plants by reducing sodium transport to the shoot and increasing the amount of compatible osmolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoomeh Amerian
- Department of Horticultural Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Engineering, Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Amir Palangi
- Department of Horticultural Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Engineering, Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Gohari
- Department of Horticultural Sciecne, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Georgia Ntatsi
- Department of Crop Science, Laboratory of Vegetable Crops, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Abaza ASD, Elshamly AMS, Alwahibi MS, Elshikh MS, Ditta A. Impact of different sowing dates and irrigation levels on NPK absorption, yield and water use efficiency of maize. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12956. [PMID: 37563236 PMCID: PMC10415405 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40032-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Upper Egypt experiences high temperatures during summer and low temperatures during winter, which significantly impacts the sowing dates of maize in this region. The productivity of maize crops and water use efficiency can be greatly affected by water stress and sowing dates (SDs). Therefore, it is crucial to determine the optimal irrigation level and SDs based on local conditions. To assess the effects, two irrigation levels were employed: (1) control (full irrigation water applied) and (2) 70% of irrigation water. Field experiments were conducted at the National Water Research Center's water studies and research complex station in Toshka. The aim was to evaluate two irrigation levels (full and limited irrigation) across five SDs (early: mid-February and March, normal: mid-June, and late: mid-August and September) in both 2019 and 2020, in order to identify the ideal sowing date (SD) and irrigation level. The normal SD resulted in an increased the growth season length between plant emergence and maturity. Conversely, the late SD reduced the number of days until plant maturity, resulting in higher grain yields and water use efficiency (WUE). Notably, the SD in September, coupled with the 70% irrigation level, yielded the highest productivity and WUE, with a productivity of 7014 kg ha-1 and a WUE of 0. 9 kg m-3. Based on the findings, it is recommended that regions with similar conditions consider cultivating maize seeds in September, adopting a 70% irrigation level, to achieve optimal N uptake, growth traits (plant height, ear length, ear weight, number of rows per ear, and grain index weight), yield, and WUE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S D Abaza
- Water Studies and Research Complex, National Water Research Center, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ayman M S Elshamly
- Water Studies and Research Complex, National Water Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona S Alwahibi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed S Elshikh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Allah Ditta
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Sheringal Dir (U), Dir Upper, KPK, Pakistan
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
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Li J, Muneer MA, Sun A, Guo Q, Wang Y, Huang Z, Li W, Zheng C. Magnesium application improves the morphology, nutrients uptake, photosynthetic traits, and quality of tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum L.) under cold stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1078128. [PMID: 36844047 PMCID: PMC9948613 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1078128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Cold stress is one of the major constraints limiting the productivity of many important crops, including tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) production and quality worldwide. However, the role of magnesium (Mg) nutrition in plants has been frequently overlooked, especially under cold stress, and Mg deficiency adversely affects plant growth and development. Here, we evaluated the influence of Mg under cold stress on tobacco morphology, nutrient uptake, photosynthetic and quality attributes. The tobacco plants were grown under different levels of cold stress, i.e., 8°C, 12°C, 16°C, including with a controlled temperature of 25°C, and evaluated their effects with Mg (+Mg) and without Mg (-Mg) application. Cold stress resulted in reduced plant growth. However, the +Mg alleviated the cold stress and significantly increased the plant biomass on an average of 17.8% for shoot fresh weight, 20.9% for root fresh weight, 15.7% for shoot dry weight, and 15.5% for root dry weight. Similarly, the nutrients uptake also increased on average for shoot-N (28.7%), root-N (22.4%), shoot-P (46.9%), root-P (7.2%), shoot-K (5.4%), root-K (28.9%), shoot-Mg (191.4%), root-Mg (187.2%) under cold stress with +Mg compared to -Mg. Mg application significantly boosted the photosynthetic activity (Pn 24.6%) and increased the chlorophyll contents (Chl-a (18.8%), Chl-b (25%), carotenoids (22.2%)) in the leaves under cold stress in comparison with -Mg treatment. Meanwhile, Mg application also improved the quality of tobacco, including starch and sucrose contents, on an average of 18.3% and 20.8%, respectively, compared to -Mg. The principal component analysis revealed that tobacco performance was optimum under +Mg treatment at 16°C. This study confirms that Mg application alleviates cold stress and substantially improves tobacco morphological indices, nutrient absorption, photosynthetic traits, and quality attributes. In short, the current findings suggest that Mg application may alleviate cold stress and improve tobacco growth and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- College of Resources and Environment/International Magnesium Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Muhammad Atif Muneer
- College of Resources and Environment/International Magnesium Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Aihua Sun
- College of Resources and Environment/International Magnesium Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qinyu Guo
- College of Resources and Environment/International Magnesium Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuemin Wang
- Institute of Tobacco Sciences, Fujian Provincial Tobacco Monopoly Bureau, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhenrui Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Improvement/Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenqing Li
- Institute of Tobacco Sciences, Fujian Provincial Tobacco Monopoly Bureau, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chaoyuan Zheng
- College of Resources and Environment/International Magnesium Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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Liu G, Bhat MP, Kim CS, Kim J, Lee KH. Improved 3D-Printability of Cellulose Acetate to Mimic Water Absorption in Plant Roots through Nanoporous Networks. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaoshuang Liu
- Department of Rural and Biosystems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Mahesh P. Bhat
- Agricultural Automation Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Soo Kim
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jangho Kim
- Department of Rural and Biosystems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong-Hwan Lee
- Department of Rural and Biosystems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
- Agricultural Automation Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
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Zhang ZH, Li MM, Cao BL, Chen ZJ, Xu K. Grafting improves tomato yield under low nitrogen conditions by enhancing nitrogen metabolism in plants. PROTOPLASMA 2021; 258:1077-1089. [PMID: 33616734 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-021-01623-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To alleviate the effects of increasingly severe environmental conditions and meet the increasing demand for organic agricultural products, this paper studied tomato grafting under low nitrogen conditions in an effort to enhance yield and improve fruit quality by enhancing nitrogen metabolism. In this study, we screened for two tomato genotypes, a high nitrogen use efficiency genotype ('TMS-150') and a low nitrogen use efficiency genotype ('0301111'), using rootstocks from 25 tomato genotypes and studied the effects of tomato grafting on plant yield, fruit quality, nitrogen content, activities of key nitrogen metabolism enzymes, and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) under different nitrogen fertilizer conditions. The results showed that the yield of the tomato plants, the activities of key enzymes during nitrogen metabolism, the contents of different forms of nitrogen, and the efficiency of nitrogen use were lower at low nitrogen fertilization levels and higher at higher nitrogen fertilization levels, while the measured indicators were the highest under the N40 nitrogen fertilizer treatment. Grafting tomatoes with high-NUE tomato seedlings as the rootstock resulted in significant increases in the nitrogen content and the activity of key enzymes, enhanced the NUE of tomato plants, increased tomato yield, and improved fruit quality compared to those of the seedlings grafted with low-NUE rootstock. Our results indicate that tomato plants grafted with high-NUE rootstock presented enhanced absorption and utilization of nitrogen and increased plant yield by promoting nitrogen metabolism at different nitrogen levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Huan Zhang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 271018, Tai'an, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit and Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Tai'an, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huanghuai Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Ming Li
- Taishan Property Insurance Co., Ltd., Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Bi Li Cao
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 271018, Tai'an, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit and Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Tai'an, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huanghuai Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi Jing Chen
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 271018, Tai'an, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit and Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Tai'an, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huanghuai Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Xu
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 271018, Tai'an, People's Republic of China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit and Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Tai'an, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huanghuai Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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Barzana G, Rios JJ, Lopez-Zaplana A, Nicolas-Espinosa J, Yepes-Molina L, Garcia-Ibañez P, Carvajal M. Interrelations of nutrient and water transporters in plants under abiotic stress. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 171:595-619. [PMID: 32909634 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Environmental changes cause abiotic stress in plants, primarily through alterations in the uptake of the nutrients and water they require for their metabolism and growth and to maintain their cellular homeostasis. The plasma membranes of cells contain transporter proteins, encoded by their specific genes, responsible for the uptake of nutrients and water (aquaporins). However, their interregulation has rarely been taken into account. Therefore, in this review we identify how the plant genome responds to abiotic stresses such as nutrient deficiency, drought, salinity and low temperature, in relation to both nutrient transporters and aquaporins. Some general responses or regulation mechanisms can be observed under each abiotic stress such as the induction of plasma membrane transporter expression during macronutrient deficiency, the induction of tonoplast transporters and reduction of aquaporins during micronutrients deficiency. However, drought, salinity and low temperatures generally cause an increase in expression of nutrient transporters and aquaporins in tolerant plants. We propose that both types of transporters (nutrients and water) should be considered jointly in order to better understand plant tolerance of stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Barzana
- Aquaporins Group, Centro de Edafologia y Biologia Aplicada del Segura, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo - 25, Murcia, E-30100, Spain
| | - Juan J Rios
- Aquaporins Group, Centro de Edafologia y Biologia Aplicada del Segura, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo - 25, Murcia, E-30100, Spain
| | - Alvaro Lopez-Zaplana
- Aquaporins Group, Centro de Edafologia y Biologia Aplicada del Segura, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo - 25, Murcia, E-30100, Spain
| | - Juan Nicolas-Espinosa
- Aquaporins Group, Centro de Edafologia y Biologia Aplicada del Segura, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo - 25, Murcia, E-30100, Spain
| | - Lucía Yepes-Molina
- Aquaporins Group, Centro de Edafologia y Biologia Aplicada del Segura, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo - 25, Murcia, E-30100, Spain
| | - Paula Garcia-Ibañez
- Aquaporins Group, Centro de Edafologia y Biologia Aplicada del Segura, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo - 25, Murcia, E-30100, Spain
| | - Micaela Carvajal
- Aquaporins Group, Centro de Edafologia y Biologia Aplicada del Segura, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo - 25, Murcia, E-30100, Spain
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Kacjan Maršić N, Štolfa P, Vodnik D, Košmelj K, Mikulič-Petkovšek M, Kump B, Vidrih R, Kokalj D, Piskernik S, Ferjančič B, Dragutinović M, Veberič R, Hudina M, Šircelj H. Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Ungrafted and Grafted Bell Pepper Plants ( Capsicum annuum L. var. grossum (L.) Sendtn.) Grown under Moderate Salt Stress. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10020314. [PMID: 33562107 PMCID: PMC7915883 DOI: 10.3390/plants10020314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The response of grafted bell pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L. var. grossum (L.) Sendtn.) to salt stress was investigated by analyzing the photosynthetic traits and mineral content of the plants and the metabolic composition of the fruit. The bell pepper variety “Vedrana” was grafted onto the salt-tolerant rootstock “Rocal F1” and grown at two salinities (20 mM and 40 mM NaCl) and control (0 mM NaCl) during the spring–summer period. On a physiological level, similar stomatal restriction of photosynthesis in grafted and ungrafted plants indicated that grafting did not alleviate water balance disturbances under increased salt exposure. Measurements of midday water potential did not show improved water status of grafted plants. The similar metabolic changes in grafted and ungrafted plants were also reflected in similarly reduced fruit yields. Thus, this grafting did not reduce the risk of ionic and osmotic imbalance in pepper plants grown under moderate salt treatment. Changes in the biochemical profiles of the pepper fruit were seen for both added-salt treatments. The fruit phenolic compounds were affected by rootstock mediation, although only for the July harvest, where total phenolics content increased with 40 mM NaCl treatment. Fruit ascorbic acid content increased with the duration of salt stress, without the mediation of the rootstock. The high salt dependence of this quality trait in pepper fruit appears to lead to more limited rootstock mediation effects.
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Management of Fertigation in Horticultural Crops through Automation with Electrotensiometers: Effect on the Productivity of Water and Nutrients. SENSORS 2020; 21:s21010190. [PMID: 33396728 PMCID: PMC7796250 DOI: 10.3390/s21010190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Water and nutrient requirements of horticultural crops are influenced by different factors such as: Type of crop, stage of development and production system. Although greenhouse horticultural crops are more efficient in the use of water and fertilizers compared to other production systems, it is necessary increase efficiency for which individualized fertigation strategies must be designed for each greenhouse. The automation of fertigation based on the level of soil moisture allows optimization of management. The objective of this work was to determine the influence of the activation command of fertigation with electrotensiometers and the characteristics of the greenhouse on the productivity of the crop and the efficiency of use of water and nutrients in a sweet pepper crop. The trial was developed in two greenhouses. Four treatments were studied, combination of who two-factor: Soil matric potential (SMP) (SMP−10: Automatic activation of irrigation to −10 kPa and SMP−20: Automatic activation of irrigation to −20 kPa) and greenhouse characteristics (G1 and G2). The nutritive solution applied was the same in all treatments. The yield and volume of water and nutrients applied were determined, calculating the productivity of the water (WP), as well as productivity the nutrients. The fertigation activation threshold of −10 kPa presented the best results, increasing the yield and conserving WP and nutrient productivity with respect to −20 kPa in both greenhouses. The automation of irrigation with electrotensiometers allowed the application of different volume of fertigation demanded by the crop in each greenhouse, equalizing the WP and nutrient productivity without producing drainage. The pepper crop in the greenhouse G1 presented greater vegetative development, higher yield and demanded a greater volume of fertigation than G2 regardless of the activation threshold. This was due to the fact that the soil matric potential after irrigation in greenhouse G1 was closer to zero, being able to conclude that not only the soil matric potential threshold of irrigation activation has an influence on crop, but also the potential registered after irrigation. Soil matric potentials closer to zero are more productive.
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