1
|
Huynh TH, Kim HK, Lee J, Ban YH, Jang YJ, Heo BE, Nguyen TQ, An JS, Kwon Y, Nam SJ, Jang J, Oh KB, Shin MK, Oh DC. Retinestatin, a Polyol Polyketide from a Termite Nest-Derived Streptomyces sp. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2024; 87:591-599. [PMID: 38442389 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.3c01043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
A new polyol polyketide, named retinestatin (1), was obtained and characterized from the culture of a Streptomyces strain, which was isolated from a subterranean nest of the termite Reticulitermes speratus kyushuensis Morimoto. The planar structure of 1 was elucidated on the basis of the cumulative analysis of ultraviolet, infrared, mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic data. The absolute configuration of 1 at 12 chiral centers was successfully assigned by employing a J-based configuration analysis in combination with ROESY correlations, a quantum mechanics-based computational approach to calculate NMR chemical shifts, and a 3 min flash esterification by Mosher's reagents followed by NMR analysis. Biological evaluation of retinestatin (1) using an in vitro model of Parkinson's disease revealed that 1 protected SH-SY5Y dopaminergic cells from MPP+-induced cytotoxicity, indicating its neuroprotective effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thanh-Hau Huynh
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Kyung Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jayho Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences and Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Hee Ban
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Joon Jang
- Natural Center of Life and Environment, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Eun Heo
- Division of Life Science, Department of Bio & Medical Big Data (BK21 Four Program), Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Thanh Quang Nguyen
- Division of Life Science, Department of Bio & Medical Big Data (BK21 Four Program), Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Soo An
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Kwon
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Jip Nam
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Jichan Jang
- Division of Life Science, Department of Bio & Medical Big Data (BK21 Four Program), Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Bong Oh
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences and Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Kyoo Shin
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Chan Oh
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dashti Y, Errington J. Chemistry and biology of specialized metabolites produced by Actinomadura. Nat Prod Rep 2024; 41:370-401. [PMID: 38099919 PMCID: PMC10951976 DOI: 10.1039/d3np00047h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Covering: up to the end of 2022In recent years rare Actinobacteria have become increasingly recognised as a rich source of novel bioactive metabolites. Actinomadura are Gram-positive bacteria that occupy a wide range of ecological niches. This review highlights about 230 secondary metabolites produced by Actinomadura spp., reported until the end of 2022, including their bioactivities and selected biosynthetic pathways. Notably, the bioactive compounds produced by Actinomadura spp. demonstrate a wide range of activities, including antimicrobial, antitumor and anticoccidial effects, highlighting their potential in various fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yousef Dashti
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2015, Australia.
| | - Jeff Errington
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2015, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Schwitalla JW, Le NTH, Um S, Schalk F, Brönstrup M, Baunach M, Beemelmanns C. Heterologous expression of the cryptic mdk gene cluster and structural revision of maduralactomycin A. RSC Adv 2023; 13:34136-34144. [PMID: 38019997 PMCID: PMC10663993 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra05931f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
After conducting an in silico analysis of the cryptic mdk cluster region and performing transcriptomic studies, an integrative Streptomyces BAC Vector containing the mdk gene sequence was constructed. The heterologous expression of the mdk cluster in Streptomyces albus J1074 resulted in the production of the angucyclic product, seongomycin, which allowed for the assesment of its antibacterial, antiproliferative, and antiviral activities. Heterologous production was further confirmed by targeted knock-out experiments involving key regulators of the biosynthetic pathways. We were further able to revise the core structure of maduralactomycin A, using a computational approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan W Schwitalla
- Chemical Biology of Microbe-Host Interactions, Hans-Knöll Institute (HKI) Beutenbergstraße 11a 07745 Jena Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) Campus E8 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Ngoc-Thao-Hien Le
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Natural Products and Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), University of Antwerp Universiteitsplein 1 B-2610 Antwerp Belgium
| | - Soohyun Um
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University Incheon 21983 South Korea
| | - Felix Schalk
- Chemical Biology of Microbe-Host Interactions, Hans-Knöll Institute (HKI) Beutenbergstraße 11a 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Mark Brönstrup
- Department of Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research Inhoffenstrasse 7 D-38124 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Martin Baunach
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn Nussallee 6 53115 Bonn Germany
| | - Christine Beemelmanns
- Chemical Biology of Microbe-Host Interactions, Hans-Knöll Institute (HKI) Beutenbergstraße 11a 07745 Jena Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) Campus E8 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
- Saarland University 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Do TH, Dao TK, Nguyen HD, Truong NH. Understanding the Role of Free-Living Bacteria in the Gut of the Lower Termite Coptotermes gestroi Based on Metagenomic DNA Analysis. INSECTS 2023; 14:832. [PMID: 37999031 PMCID: PMC10671698 DOI: 10.3390/insects14110832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Termites' digestive systems, particularly in lower termites with the presence of protozoa, are unique ecological niches that shelter a diverse microbiota with a variety of functions for the host and the environment. In 2012, the metagenomic DNA (5.4 Gb) of the prokaryotes that freely live in the gut of the lower termite Coptotermes gestroi were sequenced. A total of 125,431 genes were predicted and analyzed in order to mine lignocellulolytic genes. however, the overall picture of the structure, diversity, and function of the prokaryotic gut microbiota was not investigated. In the present study, these 125,431 genes were taxonomically classified by MEGAN and functionally annotated by the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and by the Carbohydrate-Active enZYmes (CAZy) and HMMER databases. As a result, 95,751 bacterial genes were classified into 35 phyla. The structure of the bacteria, typified by a high ratio of Firmicutes to Bacterioidetes, was distinct from the structure of the entirety of the bacteria in the lower or higher termites' guts. The archaea (533 genes) were distributed into 4 phyla, 10 classes, 15 orders, 21 families, 47 genera, and 61 species. Although freely living in the guts, the prokaryotic community was formed, developed, and adapted to exhibit unique interactions in order to perform mutual roles of benefit to their hosts. Methanobacteriales, accounting for 61% of the archaea symbionts, seem to play an important role in methanogenesis. Concomitantly, bacterial methanotrophs in the gut utilize methane and combine with other bacterial groups, including potential lignocellulolytic degraders, acetogens, sulfur bacteria, and nitrogen-recycling bacteria, to efficiently convert wood with little nitrogen into acetates via certain pathway modules specified by prokaryotes that freely live in the gut. This forms an important energy source for the termites. Furthermore, bacteria carry 2223 genes involved in the biosynthesis of 17 antibiotic groups. The gut bacteria also possess genes for the degradation of 18 toxic aromatic compounds, of which four are commercial pesticides against termites commonly used for the preservation of wooden constructions. Eight of the eighteen pathways were the first to be reported from the termite gut. Overall, this study sheds light on the roles of the freely living bacteria and archaea in the C. gestroi gut, providing evidence that the gut microbiome acts as the second host genome, contributing both nutrients and immunity to support the host's existence, growth, and development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thi Huyen Do
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18-Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Ha Noi 10000, Vietnam; (T.K.D.); (H.D.N.); (N.H.T.)
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18-Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Ha Noi 10000, Vietnam
| | - Trong Khoa Dao
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18-Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Ha Noi 10000, Vietnam; (T.K.D.); (H.D.N.); (N.H.T.)
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18-Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Ha Noi 10000, Vietnam
| | - Hong Duong Nguyen
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18-Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Ha Noi 10000, Vietnam; (T.K.D.); (H.D.N.); (N.H.T.)
| | - Nam Hai Truong
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18-Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Ha Noi 10000, Vietnam; (T.K.D.); (H.D.N.); (N.H.T.)
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18-Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Ha Noi 10000, Vietnam
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Du L, Haldar S, King JB, Mattes AO, Srivastava S, Wendt KL, You J, Cunningham C, Cichewicz RH. Persephacin Is a Broad-Spectrum Antifungal Aureobasidin Metabolite That Overcomes Intrinsic Resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 86:1980-1993. [PMID: 37523665 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.3c00382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Fungi pose a persistent threat to humankind with worrying indications that emerging and re-emerging pathogens (e.g., Candida auris, Coccidioides spp., drug-resistant Aspergilli, and more) exhibit resistance to the limited number of approved antifungals. To address this problem, our team is exploring endophytic fungi as a resource for the discovery of new antifungal natural products. The rationale behind this decision is based on evidence that endophytes engage with plants in mutualistic relationships wherein some fungi actively participate by producing chemical defense measures that suppress pathogenic microorganisms. To improve the odds of bioactive metabolite discovery, we developed a new hands-free laser-cutting system capable of generating >50 plant samples per minute that, in turn, enabled our team to prepare and screen large numbers of endophytic fungi. One of the fungal isolates obtained in this way was identified as an Elsinoë sp. that produced a unique aureobasidin analogue, persephacin (1). Some distinctive features of 1 are the absence of both phenylalanine residues combined with the incorporation of a novel amino acid residue, persephanine (9). Compound 1 exhibits potent antifungal effects against a large number of pathogenic yeast (including several clinical C. auris strains), as well as phylogenetically diverse filamentous fungi (e.g., Aspergillus fumigatus). In an ex vivo eye infection model, compound 1 outperformed standard-of-care treatments demonstrating the ability to suppress fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans and A. fumigatus at a concentration (0.1% solution) well below the clinically recommended levels used for fluconazole and natamycin (2% and 5% solutions, respectively). In 3D tissue models for acute dermal and ocular safety, 1 was found to be nontoxic and nonirritating at concentrations required to elicit antifungal activity. Natural product 1 appears to be a promising candidate for further investigation as a broad-spectrum antifungal capable of controlling a range of pathogens that negatively impact human, animal, and plant health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Du
- Natural Products Discovery Group, Institute for Natural Products Applications and Research Technologies, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Saikat Haldar
- Natural Products Discovery Group, Institute for Natural Products Applications and Research Technologies, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Jarrod B King
- Natural Products Discovery Group, Institute for Natural Products Applications and Research Technologies, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Allison O Mattes
- Natural Products Discovery Group, Institute for Natural Products Applications and Research Technologies, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Shikha Srivastava
- Natural Products Discovery Group, Institute for Natural Products Applications and Research Technologies, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Karen L Wendt
- Natural Products Discovery Group, Institute for Natural Products Applications and Research Technologies, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Jianlan You
- Natural Products Discovery Group, Institute for Natural Products Applications and Research Technologies, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Chad Cunningham
- Electronics & Instrument Shop, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Nielsen Hall, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Robert H Cichewicz
- Natural Products Discovery Group, Institute for Natural Products Applications and Research Technologies, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu W, Li E, Liu L, Tian F, Luo X, Cai Y, Wang J, Jin X. Antifungal activity of compounds from Gordonia sp. WA8-44 isolated from the gut of Periplaneta americana and molecular docking studies. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17777. [PMID: 37539250 PMCID: PMC10395128 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasive fungal infections are on the rise, leading to a continuous demand for antifungal antibiotics. Rare actinomycetes have been shown to contain a variety of interesting compounds worth exploring. In this study, 15 strains of rare actinobacterium Gordonia were isolated from the gut of Periplaneta americana and screened for their anti-fungal activity against four human pathogenic fungi. Strain WA8-44 was found to exhibit significant anti-fungal activity and was selected for bioactive compound production, separation, purification, and characterization. Three anti-fungal compounds, Collismycin A, Actinomycin D, and Actinomycin X2, were isolated from the fermentation broth of Gordonia strain WA8-44. Of these, Collismycin A was isolated and purified from the secondary metabolites of Gordonia for the first time, and its anti-filamentous fungi activity was firstly identified in this study. Molecular docking was carried out to determine their hypothetical binding affinities against nine target proteins of Candida albicans. Chitin Synthase 2 was found to be the most preferred antimicrobial protein target for Collismycin A, while 1,3-Beta-Glucanase was the most preferred anti-fungal protein target for Actinomycin D and Actinomycin X2. ADMET prediction revealed that Collismycin A has favorable oral bioavailability and little toxicity, making it a potential candidate for development as an orally active medication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Ertong Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Lingyan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Medical College, Xi'an 710300, PR China
| | - Fangyuan Tian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Xiongming Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yanqu Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Jie Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Xiaobao Jin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Luo Q, Zheng J, Zhao D, Liu D. Clostridium aromativorans sp. nov., isolated from pit mud used for producing Wuliangye baijiu. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2023:10.1007/s10482-023-01841-0. [PMID: 37191874 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-023-01841-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
A strictly anaerobic, gram-positive bacterium, designated as WLY-B-L2T, was isolated from pit mud of a fermentation pit located at Wuliangye 501# baijiu workshop in Yibin (Sichuan province, PR China). The strain was strictly anaerobic, Gram-positive with straight or somewhat rod shaped cells which were 0.5-0.7 μm wide and 1.7-3.1 μm long, arranged singly or in pairs. The strain can utilize D-galacturonic acid, methyl pyruvate, L-lactamine, L-alanyl - L-glutamine, L-alanyl - L-histidine, glycerol, pyruvate, L-alanyl - L-threonine, L-methionine, L-phenylalanine, L-valine + L-aspartic acid, L-serine, L-valine, and thymidine as carbon sources. Major cellular fatty acids are C16: 0 (24.6%), anteiso-C15: 0 (16.5%), and iso-C15: 0 (14.1%). Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence, WLY-B-L2T is most closely related to Clostridium luticellarii FW431T; they exhibit 97.42% 16S rRNA similarity. Additionally, the digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) value between them is 28.10%. WLY-B-L2T has a G + C content of 34.16 mol%. Based on the evidence presented here, WLY-B-L2T (CICC 25133T = JCM 35127T) is proposed as the type strain of a novel species, designated as Clostridium aromativorans sp. nov, that could produce butyric acid and volatile flavor components, such as ethyl valerate, ethyl acetate and 2-pentanone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingchun Luo
- Wuliangye Yibin Co., Ltd., Yibin, 644000, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jia Zheng
- Wuliangye Yibin Co., Ltd., Yibin, 644000, Sichuan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Wuliangye-flavor Liquor Solid-state Fermentation, China National Light Industry, Yibin, 644000, Sichuan, China.
- Solid-state Fermentation Resource Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Yibin, 644007, China.
| | - Dong Zhao
- Wuliangye Yibin Co., Ltd., Yibin, 644000, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Wuliangye-flavor Liquor Solid-state Fermentation, China National Light Industry, Yibin, 644000, Sichuan, China
- Solid-state Fermentation Resource Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Yibin, 644007, China
| | - Duotao Liu
- Wuliangye Yibin Co., Ltd., Yibin, 644000, Sichuan, China
- Solid-state Fermentation Resource Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Yibin, 644007, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ahmad F, Yang G, Zhu Y, Poulsen M, Li W, Yu T, Mo J. Tripartite Symbiotic Digestion of Lignocellulose in the Digestive System of a Fungus-Growing Termite. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0123422. [PMID: 36250871 PMCID: PMC9769757 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01234-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungus-growing termites are efficient in degrading and digesting plant substrates, achieved through the engagement of symbiotic gut microbiota and lignocellulolytic Termitomyces fungi cultivated for protein-rich food. Insights into where specific plant biomass components are targeted during the decomposition process are sparse. In this study, we performed several analytical approaches on the fate of plant biomass components and did amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene to investigate the lignocellulose digestion in the symbiotic system of the fungus-growing termite Odontotermes formosanus (Shiraki) and to compare bacterial communities across the different stages in the degradation process. We observed a gradual reduction of lignocellulose components throughout the process. Our findings support that the digestive tract of young workers initiates the degradation of lignocellulose but leaves most of the lignin, hemicellulose, and cellulose, which enters the fresh fungus comb, where decomposition primarily occurs. We found a high diversity and quantity of monomeric sugars in older parts of the fungus comb, indicating that the decomposition of lignocellulose enriches the old comb with sugars that can be utilized by Termitomyces and termite workers. Amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene showed clear differences in community composition associated with the different stages of plant biomass decomposition which could work synergistically with Termitomyces to shape the digestion process. IMPORTANCE Fungus-farming termites have a mutualist association with fungi of the genus Termitomyces and gut microbiota to support the nearly complete decomposition of lignocellulose to gain access to nutrients. This elaborate strategy of plant biomass digestion makes them ecologically successful dominant decomposers in (sub)tropical Old World ecosystems. We employed acid detergent fiber analysis, high-performance anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS), and amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene to examine which lignocellulose components were digested and which bacteria were abundant throughout the decomposition process. Our findings suggest that although the first gut passage initiates lignocellulose digestion, the most prominent decomposition occurs within the fungus comb. Moreover, distinct bacterial communities were associated with different stages of decomposition, potentially contributing to the breakdown of particular plant components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farhan Ahmad
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
- Entomology Section, Central Cotton Research Institute, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan
- Entomology Section, Central Cotton Research Institute, Sakrand, Shaheed Benazirabad, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Guiying Yang
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaning Zhu
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Michael Poulsen
- Section for Ecology and Evolution, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen East, Denmark
| | - Wuhan Li
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ting Yu
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianchu Mo
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chanthasena P, Hua Y, Rosyidah A, Pathom-Aree W, Limphirat W, Nantapong N. Isolation and Identification of Bioactive Compounds from Streptomyces actinomycinicus PJ85 and Their In Vitro Antimicrobial Activities against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11121797. [PMID: 36551454 PMCID: PMC9774200 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11121797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic-resistant strains are a global health-threatening problem. Drug-resistant microbes have compromised the control of infectious diseases. Therefore, the search for a novel class of antibiotic drugs is necessary. Streptomycetes have been described as the richest source of bioactive compounds, including antibiotics. This study was aimed to characterize the antibacterial compounds of Streptomyces sp. PJ85 isolated from dry dipterocarp forest soil in Northeast Thailand. The 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis showed that PJ85 possessed a high similarity to Streptomyces actinomycinicus RCU-197T of 98.90%. The PJ85 strain was shown to produce antibacterial compounds that were active against Gram-positive bacteria including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The active compounds of PJ85 were extracted and purified using silica gel column chromatography. Two active antibacterial compounds, compound 1 and compound PJ85_F39, were purified and characterized with spectroscopy, including liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Compound 1 was identified as actinomycin D, and compound PJ85_F39 was identified as dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the purification and characterization of the antibacterial compounds of S. actinomycinicus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Panjamaphon Chanthasena
- School of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Yanling Hua
- The Center for Scientific and Technological Equipment, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - A’liyatur Rosyidah
- Research Center for Vaccine and Drug, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor 16911, Indonesia
| | - Wasu Pathom-Aree
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Bioresources for Agriculture, Industry and Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Wanwisa Limphirat
- Synchrotron Light Research Institute, 111 University Avenue, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Nawarat Nantapong
- School of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-442-242-82
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Baranova AA, Zakalyukina YV, Ovcharenko AA, Korshun VA, Tyurin AP. Antibiotics from Insect-Associated Actinobacteria. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:1676. [PMID: 36421390 PMCID: PMC9687666 DOI: 10.3390/biology11111676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Actinobacteria are involved into multilateral relationships between insects, their food sources, infectious agents, etc. Antibiotics and related natural products play an essential role in such systems. The literature from the January 2016-August 2022 period devoted to insect-associated actinomycetes with antagonistic and/or enzyme-inhibiting activity was selected. Recent progress in multidisciplinary studies of insect-actinobacterial interactions mediated by antibiotics is summarized and discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna A. Baranova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, Bol’shaya Pirogovskaya 11, 119021 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuliya V. Zakalyukina
- Department of Soil Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-12, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna A. Ovcharenko
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Higher Chemical College RAS, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaya sq. 9, 125047 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir A. Korshun
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anton P. Tyurin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Agarwal R, Gupta M, Antony A, Sen R, Raychoudhury R. In Vitro Studies Reveal that Pseudomonas, from Odontotermes obesus Colonies, can Function as a Defensive Mutualist as it Prevents the Weedy Fungus While Keeping the Crop Fungus Unaffected. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2022; 84:391-403. [PMID: 34495359 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-021-01798-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Insects that farm monocultures of fungi are canonical examples of nutritional symbiosis as well as independent evolution of agriculture in non-human animals. But just like in human agriculture, these fungal crops face constant threat of invasion by weeds which, if unchecked, take over the crop fungus. In fungus-growing termites, the crop fungus (Termitomyces) faces such challenges from the weedy fungus Pseudoxylaria. The mechanism by which Pseudoxylaria is suppressed is not known. However, evidence suggests that some bacterial secondary symbionts can serve as defensive mutualists by preventing the growth of Pseudoxylaria. However, such secondary symbionts must possess the dual, yet contrasting, capabilities of suppressing the weedy fungus while keeping the growth of the crop fungus unaffected. This study describes the isolation, identification, and culture-dependent estimation of the roles of several such putative defensive mutualists from the colonies of the wide-spread fungus-growing termite from India, Odontotermes obesus. From the 38 bacterial cultures tested, a strain of Pseudomonas showed significantly greater suppression of the weedy fungus than the crop fungus. Moreover, a 16S rRNA pan-microbiome survey, using the Nanopore platform, revealed Pseudomonas to be a part of the core microbiota of O. obesus. A meta-analysis of microbiota composition across different species of Odontotermes also confirms the widespread prevalence of Pseudomonas within this termite. These lines of evidence indicate that Pseudomonas could be playing the role of defensive mutualist within Odontotermes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renuka Agarwal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science and Education Research Mohali (IISER Mohali), Knowledge City, Sector 81, Manauli, SAS Nagar, Punjab, PO 140306, India
| | - Manisha Gupta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science and Education Research Mohali (IISER Mohali), Knowledge City, Sector 81, Manauli, SAS Nagar, Punjab, PO 140306, India
| | - Abin Antony
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science and Education Research Mohali (IISER Mohali), Knowledge City, Sector 81, Manauli, SAS Nagar, Punjab, PO 140306, India
| | - Ruchira Sen
- Sri Guru Gobind Singh College, Sector 26, Chandigarh, 160019, India
| | - Rhitoban Raychoudhury
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science and Education Research Mohali (IISER Mohali), Knowledge City, Sector 81, Manauli, SAS Nagar, Punjab, PO 140306, India.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Li H, Greening C. Termite-engineered microbial communities of termite nest structures: a new dimension to the extended phenotype. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2022; 46:6631553. [PMID: 35790132 PMCID: PMC9779920 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuac034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Termites are a prototypical example of the 'extended phenotype' given their ability to shape their environments by constructing complex nesting structures and cultivating fungus gardens. Such engineered structures provide termites with stable, protected habitats, and nutritious food sources, respectively. Recent studies have suggested that these termite-engineered structures harbour Actinobacteria-dominated microbial communities. In this review, we describe the composition, activities, and consequences of microbial communities associated with termite mounds, other nests, and fungus gardens. Culture-dependent and culture-independent studies indicate that these structures each harbour specialized microbial communities distinct from those in termite guts and surrounding soils. Termites select microbial communities in these structures through various means: opportunistic recruitment from surrounding soils; controlling physicochemical properties of nesting structures; excreting hydrogen, methane, and other gases as bacterial energy sources; and pretreating lignocellulose to facilitate fungal cultivation in gardens. These engineered communities potentially benefit termites by producing antimicrobial compounds, facilitating lignocellulose digestion, and enhancing energetic efficiency of the termite 'metaorganism'. Moreover, mound-associated communities have been shown to be globally significant in controlling emissions of methane and enhancing agricultural fertility. Altogether, these considerations suggest that the microbiomes selected by some animals extend much beyond their bodies, providing a new dimension to the 'extended phenotype'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Li
- Corresponding author. State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211. China. E-mail:
| | - Chris Greening
- Corresponding author. Department of Microbiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lee SR, Schalk F, Schwitalla JW, Guo H, Yu JS, Song M, Jung WH, de Beer ZW, Beemelmanns C, Kim KH. GNPS‐Guided Discovery of Madurastatin Siderophores from the Termite‐Associated
Actinomadura
sp. RB99**. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200612. [PMID: 35404539 PMCID: PMC9325478 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we analyzed if Actinomadura sp. RB99 produces siderophores that that could be responsible for the antimicrobial activity observed in co‐cultivation studies. Dereplication of high‐resolution tandem mass spectrometry (HRMS/MS) and global natural product social molecular networking platform (GNPS) analysis of fungus‐bacterium co‐cultures resulted in the identification of five madurastatin derivatives (A1, A2, E1, F, and G1), of which were four new derivatives. Chemical structures were unambiguously confirmed by HR‐ESI‐MS, 1D and 2D NMR experiments, as well as MS/MS data and their absolute structures were elucidated based on Marfey's analysis, DP4+ probability calculation and total synthesis. Structure analysis revealed that madurastatin E1 (2) contained a rare 4‐imidazolidinone cyclic moiety and madurastatin A1 (5) was characterized as a Ga3+‐complex. The function of madurastatins as siderophores was evaluated using the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans as model organism. Based on homology models, we identified the putative NRPS‐based gene cluster region of the siderophores in Actinomadura sp. RB99.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seoung Rak Lee
- School of Pharmacy Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419 (Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry Princeton University New Jersey 08544 USA
| | - Felix Schalk
- Chemical Biology of Microbe-Host Interactions Hans-Knöll Institute (HKI) Beutenbergstraße 11a 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Jan W. Schwitalla
- Chemical Biology of Microbe-Host Interactions Hans-Knöll Institute (HKI) Beutenbergstraße 11a 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Huijuan Guo
- Chemical Biology of Microbe-Host Interactions Hans-Knöll Institute (HKI) Beutenbergstraße 11a 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Jae Sik Yu
- School of Pharmacy Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419 (Republic of Korea
| | - Moonyong Song
- Department of Systems Biotechnology Chung-Ang University Anseong 17546 Republic of Korea
| | - Won Hee Jung
- Department of Systems Biotechnology Chung-Ang University Anseong 17546 Republic of Korea
| | - Z. Wilhelm de Beer
- Department of Biochemistry Genetics and Microbiology Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI) University of Pretoria Hatfield 0028 Pretoria South Africa
| | - Christine Beemelmanns
- Chemical Biology of Microbe-Host Interactions Hans-Knöll Institute (HKI) Beutenbergstraße 11a 07745 Jena Germany
- Biochemistry of Microbial Metabolism Institute of Biochemistry Leipzig University Johannisallee 21–23 Leipzig 04103 Germany
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- School of Pharmacy Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419 (Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Schmidt S, Kildgaard S, Guo H, Beemelmanns C, Poulsen M. The chemical ecology of the fungus-farming termite symbiosis. Nat Prod Rep 2022; 39:231-248. [PMID: 34879123 PMCID: PMC8865390 DOI: 10.1039/d1np00022e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Covering: September 1972 to December 2020Explorations of complex symbioses have often elucidated a plethora of previously undescribed chemical compounds that may serve ecological functions in signalling, communication or defence. A case in point is the subfamily of termites that cultivate a fungus as their primary food source and maintain complex bacterial communities, from which a series of novel compound discoveries have been made. Here, we summarise the origins and types of 375 compounds that have been discovered from the symbiosis over the past four decades and discuss the potential for synergistic actions between compounds within the complex chemical mixtures in which they exist. We go on to highlight how vastly underexplored the diversity and geographic distribution of the symbiosis is, which leaves ample potential for natural product discovery of compounds of both ecological and medical importance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Schmidt
- Section for Ecology and Evolution, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Sara Kildgaard
- Section for Ecology and Evolution, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Huijuan Guo
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology e.V., Hans-Knöll-Institute (HKI), Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Christine Beemelmanns
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology e.V., Hans-Knöll-Institute (HKI), Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Poulsen
- Section for Ecology and Evolution, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Liu Z, Jiang P, Niu G, Wang W, Li J. Lysobacter antarcticus sp. nov., an SUF-system-containing bacterium from Antarctic coastal sediment. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2022; 72. [DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.005250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A Gram-stain-negative, heterotrophic, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterial strain (GW1-59T) belonging to the genus
Lysobacter
was isolated from coastal sediment collected from the Chinese Great Wall Station, Antarctica. The strain was identified using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. The strain grew well on Reasoner's 2A media and could grow in the presence of 0–4 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 1 %), at pH 9.0–11.0 and at 15–37 °C (optimum, 30 °C). Strain GW1-59T possessed ubiquinone-8 as the sole respiratory quinone. The major phospholipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. The major fatty acids were summed feature 9 (10-methyl C16 : 0 and/or iso-C17 : 1
ω9c), iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C17 : 0, C16 : 0 and iso-C11 : 0 3-OH. DNA–DNA relatedness with
Lysobacter concretionis
Ko07T, the nearest phylogenetic relative (98.5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) was 23.4 % (21.1–25.9 %). The average nucleotide identity value between strain GW1-59T and
L. concretionis
Ko07T was 80.1 %. The physiological and biochemical results and low level of DNA–DNA relatedness suggested the phenotypic and genotypic differentiation of strain GW1-59T from other
Lysobacter
species. On the basis of phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic data, a novel species, Lysobacter antarcticus sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is GW1-59T (=CCTCC AB 2019390T=KCTC 72831T).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zuoyang Liu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, PR China
| | - Peiqiang Jiang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, PR China
| | - Guojiang Niu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, PR China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, PR China
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Next-generation microbial drugs developed from microbiome's natural products. ADVANCES IN GENETICS 2021; 108:341-382. [PMID: 34844715 DOI: 10.1016/bs.adgen.2021.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Scientists working in natural products chemistry have been enticed by the current advancements being made in the discovery of novel "magic bullets" from microbes homed to all conceivable environments. Even though researchers continue to face challenges funneling the novel bioactive compounds in the global therapeutic industries, it seems most likely that the discovery of some "hit molecules" with significant biomedical applications is not that far. We applaud novel natural products for their ability to combat the spread of superbugs and aid in the prevention of currently observed antibiotic resistance. This in-depth investigation covers a wide range of microbiomes with a proclivity for synthesizing novel compounds to combat the spread of superbugs. Furthermore, we use this opportunity to explore various groups of secondary metabolites and their biosynthetic pathways in various microbiota found in mammals, insects, and humans. This systematic study, when taken as a whole, offers detail understanding on the biomedical fate of various groups of compounds originated from diverse microbiomes. For gathering all information that has been uncovered and released so far, we have also presented the huge diversity of microbes that are associated with humans and their metabolic products. To conclude, this concrete review suggests novel ideas that will prove immensely helpful in reducing the danger posed by superbugs while also improving the efficacy of antibiotics.
Collapse
|
17
|
Ahmad F, Yang GY, Liang SY, Zhou QH, Gaal HA, Mo JC. Multipartite symbioses in fungus-growing termites (Blattodea: Termitidae, Macrotermitinae) for the degradation of lignocellulose. INSECT SCIENCE 2021; 28:1512-1529. [PMID: 33236502 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fungus-growing termites are among the most successful herbivorous animals and improve crop productivity and soil fertility. A range of symbiotic organisms can be found inside their nests. However, interactions of termites with these symbionts are poorly understood. This review provides detailed information on the role of multipartite symbioses (between termitophiles, termites, fungi, and bacteria) in fungus-growing termites for lignocellulose degradation. The specific functions of each component in the symbiotic system are also discussed. Based on previous studies, we argue that the enzymatic contribution from the host, fungus, and bacteria greatly facilitates the decomposition of complex polysaccharide plant materials. The host-termitophile interaction protects the termite nest from natural enemies and maintains the stability of the microenvironment inside the colony.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farhan Ahmad
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agricultural and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Entomology Section, Central Cotton Research Institute, Sakrand, Shaheed Benazirabad, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Gui-Ying Yang
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agricultural and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shi-You Liang
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agricultural and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qi-Huan Zhou
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agricultural and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hassan Ahmed Gaal
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agricultural and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Husbandry, Somali National University, Mogadishu, Somalia
| | - Jian-Chu Mo
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agricultural and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Um S, Guo H, Thiengmag S, Benndorf R, Murphy R, Rischer M, Braga D, Poulsen M, de Beer ZW, Lackner G, Beemelmanns C. Comparative Genomic and Metabolic Analysis of Streptomyces sp. RB110 Morphotypes Illuminates Genomic Rearrangements and Formation of a New 46-Membered Antimicrobial Macrolide. ACS Chem Biol 2021; 16:1482-1492. [PMID: 34275291 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Morphotype switches frequently occur in Actinobacteria and are often associated with disparate natural product production. Here, we report on differences in the secondary metabolomes of two morphotypes of a Streptomyces species, including the discovery of a novel antimicrobial glycosylated macrolide, which we named termidomycin A. While exhibiting an unusual 46-member polyene backbone, termidomycin A (1) shares structural features with the clinically important antifungal agents amphotericin B and nystatin A1. Genomic analyses revealed a biosynthetic gene cluster encoding for a putative giant type I polyketide synthase (PKS), whose domain structure allowed us to propose the relative configuration of the 46-member macrolide. The architecture of the biosynthetic gene cluster was different in both morphotypes, thus leading to diversification of the product spectrum. Given the high frequency of genomic rearrangements in Streptomycetes, the metabolic analysis of distinct morphotypes as exemplified in this study is a promising approach for the discovery of bioactive natural products and pathways of diversification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soohyun Um
- Chemical Biology of Microbe-Host Interactions, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Huijuan Guo
- Chemical Biology of Microbe-Host Interactions, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Sirinthra Thiengmag
- Synthetic Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - René Benndorf
- Chemical Biology of Microbe-Host Interactions, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Robert Murphy
- Section for Ecology and Evolution, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen East, Denmark
| | - Maja Rischer
- Chemical Biology of Microbe-Host Interactions, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Daniel Braga
- Synthetic Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Poulsen
- Section for Ecology and Evolution, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen East, Denmark
| | - Z. Wilhelm de Beer
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics, and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Gerald Lackner
- Synthetic Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Christine Beemelmanns
- Chemical Biology of Microbe-Host Interactions, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
An Overview of Antimicrobial Compounds from African Edible Insects and Their Associated Microbiota. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10060621. [PMID: 34067471 PMCID: PMC8224635 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10060621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The need for easily biodegradable and less toxic chemicals in drug development and pest control continues to fuel the exploration and discovery of new natural molecules. Like certain plants, some insects can also respond rapidly to microbial infections by producing a plethora of immune-induced molecules that include antibacterial and antifungal peptides/polypeptides (AMPs), among other structurally diverse small molecules. The recent recognition that new natural product-derived scaffolds are urgently needed to tackle life-threatening pathogenic infections has been prompted by the health threats posed by multidrug resistance. Although many researchers have concentrated on the discovery of AMPs, surprisingly, edible insect-produced AMPs/small molecules have received little attention. This review will discuss the recent advances in the identification and bioactivity analysis of insect AMPs, with a focus on small molecules associated with the microbiota of selected African edible insects. These molecules could be used as templates for developing next-generation drugs to combat multidrug-resistant pathogens.
Collapse
|
20
|
Aguero CM, Eyer PA, Crippen TL, Vargo EL. Reduced Environmental Microbial Diversity on the Cuticle and in the Galleries of a Subterranean Termite Compared to Surrounding Soil. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2021; 81:1054-1063. [PMID: 33399932 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-020-01664-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Termites are intimately tied to the microbial world, as they utilize their gut microbiome for the conversion of plant cellulose into necessary nutrients. Subterranean termites must also protect themselves from the vast diversity of harmful microbes found in soil. However, not all soil microbes are harmful, such as Streptomyces and methanotrophic bacteria that some species of termites harbor in complex nest structures made of fecal material. The eastern subterranean termite, Reticulitermes flavipes, has a simple nest structure consisting of fecal lined galleries. We tested the hypothesis that R. flavipes maintains a select microbial community in its nests to limit the penetration of harmful soilborne pathogens and favor the growth of beneficial microbes. Using Illumina sequencing, we characterized the bacterial and fungal communities in the surrounding soil, in the nest galleries, and on the cuticle of workers. We found that the galleries provide a more beneficial microbial community than the surrounding soil. Bacterial and fungal diversity was highest in the soil, lower in the galleries, and least on the cuticle. Bacterial communities clustered together according to the substrate from which they were sampled, but this clustering was less clear in fungal communities. Most of the identified bacterial and fungal taxa were unique to one substrate, but the soil and gallery communities had very similar phylum-level taxonomic profiles. Notably, the galleries of R. flavipes also harbored both the potentially beneficial Streptomyces and the methanotrophic Methylacidiphilales, indicating that these microbial associations in fecal material pre-date the emergence of complex fecal nest structures. Surprisingly, several pathogenic groups were relatively abundant in the galleries and on the cuticle, suggesting that pathogens may accumulate within termite nests over time while putatively remaining at enzootic level during the lifetime of the colony.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M Aguero
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, 2143 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Pierre-André Eyer
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, 2143 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
| | - Tawni L Crippen
- Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Edward L Vargo
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, 2143 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Um S, Seibel E, Schalk F, Balluff S, Beemelmanns C. Targeted Isolation of Saalfelduracin B-D from Amycolatopsis saalfeldensis Using LC-MS/MS-Based Molecular Networking. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2021; 84:1002-1011. [PMID: 33683882 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c01027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
High-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (HR-MS2)-based metabolomic studies of Amycolatopsis saalfeldensis, isolated from the "Saalfelder Feengrotten" caves in Germany, led to the isolation of three ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified type II thiopeptides, saalfelduracin B-D (1-3) and the known saalfelduracin A (4). The structures of all four compounds were determined by comparative two-dimensional NMR analysis and high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soohyun Um
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knöll Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Elena Seibel
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knöll Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Felix Schalk
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knöll Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Sven Balluff
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knöll Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Christine Beemelmanns
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knöll Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Li J, Sang M, Jiang Y, Wei J, Shen Y, Huang Q, Li Y, Ni J. Polyene-Producing Streptomyces spp. From the Fungus-Growing Termite Macrotermes barneyi Exhibit High Inhibitory Activity Against the Antagonistic Fungus Xylaria. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:649962. [PMID: 33868208 PMCID: PMC8047067 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.649962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungus-growing termites are engaged in a tripartite mutualism with intestinal microbes and a monocultivar (Termitomyces sp.) in the fungus garden. The termites are often plagued by entomopathogen (Metarhizium anisopliae) and fungus garden is always threatened by competitors (Xylaria spp.). Here, we aim to understand the defensive role of intestinal microbes, the actinomycetes which were isolated from the gut of Macrotermes barneyi. We obtained 44 antifungal isolates, which showed moderate to strong inhibition to Xylaria sp. HPLC analysis indicated that different types of polyenes (tetraene, pentene, and heptaene) existed in the metabolites of 10 strong antifungal Streptomyces strains. Two pentene macrolides (pentamycin and 1′14-dihydroxyisochainin) were firstly purified from Streptomyces strain HF10, both exhibiting higher activity against Xylaria sp. and M. anisopliae than cultivar Termitomyces. Subsequently, tetraene and heptaene related gene disruption assay showed that the mutant strains lost the ability to produce corresponding polyenes, and they also had significantly decreased activities against Xylaria sp. and M. anisopliae compared to that of wild type strains. These results indicate that polyene-producing Streptomyces from the guts of M. barneyi have strong inhibition to competitor fungus and polyenes contribute to inhibitory effects on Xylaria sp.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Moli Sang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yutong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jianhua Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yulong Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qihong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yaoyao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jinfeng Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Panter F, Bader CD, Müller R. Synergizing the potential of bacterial genomics and metabolomics to find novel antibiotics. Chem Sci 2021; 12:5994-6010. [PMID: 33995996 PMCID: PMC8098685 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc06919a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic development based on natural products has faced a long lasting decline since the 1970s, while both the speed and the extent of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) development have been severely underestimated. The discovery of antimicrobial natural products of bacterial and fungal origin featuring new chemistry and previously unknown mode of actions is increasingly challenged by rediscovery issues. Natural products that are abundantly produced by the corresponding wild type organisms often featuring strong UV signals have been extensively characterized, especially the ones produced by extensively screened microbial genera such as streptomycetes. Purely synthetic chemistry approaches aiming to replace the declining supply from natural products as starting materials to develop novel antibiotics largely failed to provide significant numbers of antibiotic drug leads. To cope with this fundamental issue, microbial natural products science is being transformed from a 'grind-and-find' study to an integrated approach based on bacterial genomics and metabolomics. Novel technologies in instrumental analytics are increasingly employed to lower detection limits and expand the space of detectable substance classes, while broadening the scope of accessible and potentially bioactive natural products. Furthermore, the almost exponential increase in publicly available bacterial genome data has shown that the biosynthetic potential of the investigated strains by far exceeds the amount of detected metabolites. This can be judged by the discrepancy between the number of biosynthetic gene clusters (BGC) encoded in the genome of each microbial strain and the number of secondary metabolites actually detected, even when considering the increased sensitivity provided by novel analytical instrumentation. In silico annotation tools for biosynthetic gene cluster classification and analysis allow fast prioritization in BGC-to-compound workflows, which is highly important to be able to process the enormous underlying data volumes. BGC prioritization is currently accompanied by novel molecular biology-based approaches to access the so-called orphan BGCs not yet correlated with a secondary metabolite. Integration of metabolomics, in silico genomics and molecular biology approaches into the mainstream of natural product research will critically influence future success and impact the natural product field in pharmaceutical, nutritional and agrochemical applications and especially in anti-infective research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Panter
- Department of Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University Campus E8 1 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF) Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig Germany
- Helmholtz International Lab for Anti-infectives Campus E8 1 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Chantal D Bader
- Department of Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University Campus E8 1 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF) Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig Germany
| | - Rolf Müller
- Department of Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University Campus E8 1 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF) Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig Germany
- Helmholtz International Lab for Anti-infectives Campus E8 1 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Murphy R, Benndorf R, de Beer ZW, Vollmers J, Kaster AK, Beemelmanns C, Poulsen M. Comparative Genomics Reveals Prophylactic and Catabolic Capabilities of Actinobacteria within the Fungus-Farming Termite Symbiosis. mSphere 2021; 6:e01233-20. [PMID: 33658277 PMCID: PMC8546716 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.01233-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Actinobacteria, one of the largest bacterial phyla, are ubiquitous in many of Earth's ecosystems and often act as defensive symbionts with animal hosts. Members of the phylum have repeatedly been isolated from basidiomycete-cultivating fungus-farming termites that maintain a monoculture fungus crop on macerated dead plant substrate. The proclivity for antimicrobial and enzyme production of Actinobacteria make them likely contributors to plant decomposition and defense in the symbiosis. To test this, we analyzed the prophylactic (biosynthetic gene cluster [BGC]) and metabolic (carbohydrate-active enzyme [CAZy]) potential in 16 (10 existing and six new genomes) termite-associated Actinobacteria and compared these to the soil-dwelling close relatives. Using antiSMASH, we identified 435 BGCs, of which 329 (65 unique) were similar to known compound gene clusters, while 106 were putatively novel, suggesting ample prospects for novel compound discovery. BGCs were identified among all major compound categories, including 26 encoding the production of known antimicrobial compounds, which ranged in activity (antibacterial being most prevalent) and modes of action that might suggest broad defensive potential. Peptide pattern recognition analysis revealed 823 (43 unique) CAZymes coding for enzymes that target key plant and fungal cell wall components (predominantly chitin, cellulose, and hemicellulose), confirming a substantial degradative potential of these bacteria. Comparison of termite-associated and soil-dwelling bacteria indicated no significant difference in either BGC or CAZy potential, suggesting that the farming termite hosts may have coopted these soil-dwelling bacteria due to their metabolic potential but that they have not been subject to genome change associated with symbiosis.IMPORTANCEActinobacteria have repeatedly been isolated in fungus-farming termites, and our genome analyses provide insights into the potential roles they may serve in defense and for plant biomass breakdown. These insights, combined with their relatively higher abundances in fungus combs than in termite gut, suggest that they are more likely to play roles in fungus combs than in termite guts. Up to 25% of the BGCs we identify have no similarity to known clusters, indicating a large potential for novel chemistry to be discovered. Similarities in metabolic potential of soil-dwelling and termite-associated bacteria suggest that they have environmental origins, but their consistent presence with the termite system suggests their importance for the symbiosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Murphy
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Biology, Section for Ecology and Evolution, Copenhagen East, Denmark
| | - René Benndorf
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Z Wilhelm de Beer
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agriculture Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - John Vollmers
- Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 5), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Anne-Kristin Kaster
- Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 5), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Christine Beemelmanns
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Poulsen
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Biology, Section for Ecology and Evolution, Copenhagen East, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Schlembach I, Grünberger A, Rosenbaum MA, Regestein L. Measurement Techniques to Resolve and Control Population Dynamics of Mixed-Culture Processes. Trends Biotechnol 2021; 39:1093-1109. [PMID: 33573846 PMCID: PMC7612867 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Microbial mixed cultures are gaining increasing attention as biotechnological production systems, since they offer a large but untapped potential for future bioprocesses. Effects of secondary metabolite induction and advantages of labor division for the degradation of complex substrates offer new possibilities for process intensification. However, mixed cultures are highly complex, and, consequently, many biotic and abiotic parameters are required to be identified, characterized, and ideally controlled to establish a stable bioprocess. In this review, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of existing measurement techniques for identifying, characterizing, monitoring, and controlling mixed cultures and highlight promising examples. Moreover, existing challenges and emerging technologies are discussed, which lay the foundation for novel analytical workflows to monitor mixed-culture bioprocesses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Schlembach
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans-Knöll-Institute, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 23, 07745 Jena, Germany; Faculty for Biological Sciences, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Bachstrasse 18K, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Alexander Grünberger
- Multiscale Bioengineering, Faculty of Technology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Miriam A Rosenbaum
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans-Knöll-Institute, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 23, 07745 Jena, Germany; Faculty for Biological Sciences, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Bachstrasse 18K, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Lars Regestein
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans-Knöll-Institute, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 23, 07745 Jena, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Menegatti C, Fukuda TTH, Pupo MT. Chemical Ecology in Insect-microbe Interactions in the Neotropics. PLANTA MEDICA 2021; 87:38-48. [PMID: 32854122 DOI: 10.1055/a-1229-9435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Small molecules frequently mediate symbiotic interactions between microorganisms and their hosts. Brazil harbors the highest diversity of insects in the world; however, just recently, efforts have been directed to deciphering the chemical signals involved in the symbioses of microorganisms and social insects. The current scenario of natural products research guided by chemical ecology is discussed in this review. Two groups of social insects have been prioritized in the studies, fungus-farming ants and stingless bees, leading to the identification of natural products involved in defensive and nutritional symbioses. Some of the compounds also present potential pharmaceutical applications as antimicrobials, and this is likely related to their ecological roles. Microbial symbioses in termites and wasps are suggested promising sources of biologically active small molecules. Aspects related to public policies for insect biodiversity preservation are also highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Menegatti
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Taise T H Fukuda
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Mônica T Pupo
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Jose PA, Maharshi A, Jha B. Actinobacteria in natural products research: Progress and prospects. Microbiol Res 2021; 246:126708. [PMID: 33529791 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2021.126708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Actinobacteria are well-recognised biosynthetic factories that produce an extensive spectrum of secondary metabolites. Recent genomic insights seem to impact the exploitation of these metabolically versatile bacteria in several aspects. Notably, from the isolation of novel taxa to the discovery of new compounds, different approaches evolve at a steady pace. Here, we systematically discuss the enduring importance of Actinobacteria in the field of drug discovery, the current focus of isolation efforts targeting bioactive Actinobacteria from diverse sources, recent discoveries of novel compounds with different bioactivities, and the relative employment of different strategies in the search for novel compounds. Ultimately, we highlight notable progress that will have profound impacts on future quests for secondary metabolites of Actinobacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Polpass Arul Jose
- Marine Biotechnology and Ecology Division, CSIR- Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, 364002, India.
| | - Anjisha Maharshi
- Marine Biotechnology and Ecology Division, CSIR- Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, 364002, India
| | - Bhavanath Jha
- Marine Biotechnology and Ecology Division, CSIR- Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, 364002, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR, India.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Yang G, Ahmad F, Zhou Q, Guo M, Liang S, Gaal HA, Mo J. Investigation of Physicochemical Indices and Microbial Communities in Termite Fungus-Combs. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:581219. [PMID: 33519727 PMCID: PMC7843810 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.581219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Termitomyces species are wild edible mushrooms that possess high nutritional value and a wide range of medicinal properties. However, the cultivation of these mushrooms is very difficult because of their symbiotic association with termites. In this study, we aimed to examine the differences in physicochemical indices and microbial communities between combs with Termitomyces basidiomes (CF) and combs without Termitomyces basidiomes (CNF). High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), gas chromatography equipped with a flame ionization detector (GC-FID), some commercial kits, high-throughput sequencing of the 16s RNA, and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) were used. Humidity, pH, and elements, i.e., Al, Ba, Fe, Mn, Ni, S, Ca, and Mg were higher while amino acids particularly alanine, tyrosine, and isoleucine were lower in CF as compared to CNF. The average contents of fatty acids were not significantly different between the two comb categories. The bacterial genera Alistipes, Burkholderia, Sediminibacterium, and Thermus were dominant in all combs. Brevibacterium, Brevundimonas, and Sediminibacterium were significantly more abundant in CF. Basidiomycota and Ascomycota were also identified in combs. Termitomyces clypeatus, Termitomyces sp. Group3, and Termitomyces sp. were the most dominant species in combs. However, any single Termitomyces species was abundantly present in an individual comb.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guiying Yang
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Farhan Ahmad
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Entomology Section, Central Cotton Research Institute, Sakrand, Pakistan
| | - Qihuan Zhou
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meixia Guo
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shiyou Liang
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hassan Ahmed Gaal
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Entomology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Husbandry, Somali National University, Mogadishu, Somalia
| | - Jianchu Mo
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Pessotti RDC, Hansen BL, Reaso JN, Ceja-Navarro JA, El-Hifnawi L, Brodie EL, Traxler MF. Multiple lineages of Streptomyces produce antimicrobials within passalid beetle galleries across eastern North America. eLife 2021; 10:65091. [PMID: 33942718 PMCID: PMC8096431 DOI: 10.7554/elife.65091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Some insects form symbioses in which actinomycetes provide defense against pathogens by making antimicrobials. The range of chemical strategies employed across these associations, and how these strategies relate to insect lifestyle, remains underexplored. We assessed subsocial passalid beetles of the species Odontotaenius disjunctus, and their frass (fecal material), which is an important food resource within their galleries, as a model insect/actinomycete system. Through chemical and phylogenetic analyses, we found that O. disjunctus frass collected across eastern North America harbored multiple lineages of Streptomyces and diverse antimicrobials. Metabolites detected in frass displayed synergistic and antagonistic inhibition of a fungal entomopathogen, Metarhizium anisopliae, and multiple streptomycete isolates inhibited this pathogen when co-cultivated directly in frass. These findings support a model in which the lifestyle of O. disjunctus accommodates multiple Streptomyces lineages in their frass, resulting in a rich repertoire of antimicrobials that likely insulates their galleries against pathogenic invasion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rita de Cassia Pessotti
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| | - Bridget L Hansen
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| | - Jewel N Reaso
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| | - Javier A Ceja-Navarro
- Bioengineering and Biomedical Sciences Department, Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyUnited States,Institute for Biodiversity Science and Sustainability, California Academy of SciencesBerkeleyUnited States
| | - Laila El-Hifnawi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| | - Eoin L Brodie
- Ecology Department, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyUnited States,Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| | - Matthew F Traxler
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Lee SR, Guo H, Yu JS, Park M, Dahse HM, Jung WH, Beemelmanns C, Kim KH. Revised structural assignment of azalomycins based on genomic and chemical analysis. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00610j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We clarified structural inconsistencies of four azalomycin derivatives (F4a, F4b, F5a and F5b) from Streptomyces sp. M56 by nuclear magnetic resonance, J-based configuration analyses, electronic circular dichroism and in silico genome studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seoung Rak Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Huijuan Guo
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Hans-Knöll-Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Jae Sik Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Minji Park
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Hans-Martin Dahse
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Hans-Knöll-Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Won Hee Jung
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Christine Beemelmanns
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Hans-Knöll-Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Schwitalla JW, Benndorf R, Martin K, Vollmers J, Kaster AK, de Beer ZW, Poulsen M, Beemelmanns C. Streptomyces smaragdinus sp. nov., isolated from the gut of the fungus growing-termite Macrotermes natalensis. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2020; 70:5806-5811. [PMID: 32969785 PMCID: PMC7723250 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The taxonomic position of a novel aerobic, Gram-positive actinobacteria, designated strain RB5T, was determined using a polyphasic approach. The strain, isolated from the gut of the fungus-farming termite Macrotermes natalensis, showed morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic properties typical of the genus Streptomyces. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the closest phylogenetic neighbour of RB5T was Streptomyces polyrhachis DSM 42102T (98.87 %). DNA–DNA hybridization experiments between strain RB5T and S. polyrhachis DSM 42102T resulted in a value of 27.4 % (26.8 %). The cell wall of strain RB5T contained ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic amino acid. Mycolic acids and diagnostic sugars in whole-cell hydrolysates were not detected. The strain produced the following major phospholipids: diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol-mannoside and phosphatidylserine. The menaquinone profile showed hexa- and octahydrogenated menaquinones containing nine isoprene units [MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H8)]. The strain exhibited a fatty acid profile containing the following major fatty acids: 12-methyltridecanoic acid (iso-C14 : 0) 12-methyltetradecanoic acid (anteiso-C15 : 0), 13-methyltetradecanoic acid (iso-C15 : 0) and 14-methylpentadecanoic acid (iso-C16 : 0). Here, we propose a novel species of the genus Streptomyces – Streptomyces smaragdinus with the type strain RB5T (=VKM Ac-2839T=NRRL B65539T).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan W Schwitalla
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology e. V., Hans-Knöll-Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - René Benndorf
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology e. V., Hans-Knöll-Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Karin Martin
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology e. V., Hans-Knöll-Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - John Vollmers
- Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 5), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Anne-Kristin Kaster
- Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 5), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Z Wilhelm de Beer
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agriculture Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, 0028 Hatfield, South Africa
| | - Michael Poulsen
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Biology, Section for Ecology and Evolution, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen East, Denmark
| | - Christine Beemelmanns
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology e. V., Hans-Knöll-Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Bos N, Guimaraes L, Palenzuela R, Renelies-Hamilton J, Maccario L, Silue SK, Koné N'A, Poulsen M. You don't have the guts: a diverse set of fungi survive passage through Macrotermes bellicosus termite guts. BMC Evol Biol 2020; 20:163. [PMID: 33297950 PMCID: PMC7724875 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-020-01727-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Monoculture farming poses significant disease challenges, but fungus-farming termites are able to successfully keep their monoculture crop free from contamination by other fungi. It has been hypothesised that obligate gut passage of all plant substrate used to manure the fungal symbiont is key to accomplish this. Here we refute this hypothesis in the fungus-farming termite species Macrotermes bellicosus. Results We first used ITS amplicon sequencing to show that plant substrate foraged on by termite workers harbour diverse fungal communities, which potentially could challenge the farming symbiosis. Subsequently, we cultivated fungi from dissected sections of termite guts to show that fungal diversity does not decrease during gut passage. Therefore, we investigated if healthy combs harboured these undesirable fungal genera, and whether the presence of workers affected fungal diversity within combs. Removal of workers led to a surge in fungal diversity in combs, implying that termite defences must be responsible for the near-complete absence of other fungi in functioning termite gardens. Conclusions The rapid proliferation of some of these fungi when colonies are compromised indicates that some antagonists successfully employ a sit-and-wait strategy that allows them to remain dormant until conditions are favourable. Although this strategy requires potentially many years of waiting, it prevents these fungi from engaging in an evolutionary arms race with the termite host, which employs a series of complementary behavioural and chemical defences that may prove insurmountable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nick Bos
- Department of Biology, Section for Ecology and Evolution, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, Building 3, 1st floor, 2100, Copenhagen East, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Department of Biology, Section for Ecology and Evolution, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, Building 3, 1st floor, 2100, Copenhagen East, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Leandro Guimaraes
- Department of Biology, Section for Ecology and Evolution, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, Building 3, 1st floor, 2100, Copenhagen East, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Biology, Section for Ecology and Evolution, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, Building 3, 1st floor, 2100, Copenhagen East, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Romen Palenzuela
- Department of Biology, Section for Ecology and Evolution, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, Building 3, 1st floor, 2100, Copenhagen East, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Biology, Section for Ecology and Evolution, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, Building 3, 1st floor, 2100, Copenhagen East, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Justinn Renelies-Hamilton
- Department of Biology, Section for Ecology and Evolution, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, Building 3, 1st floor, 2100, Copenhagen East, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Biology, Section for Ecology and Evolution, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, Building 3, 1st floor, 2100, Copenhagen East, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lorrie Maccario
- Department of Biology, Section of Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, Building 1, 1st floor, 2100, Copenhagen East, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Simon Kolotchèlèma Silue
- Unité de Recherche en Ecologie Et Biodiversité (UREB), Université Nangui Abrogoua, UFR Des Sciences de La Nature (UFR-SN), 28 BP 847 28, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.,Centre de Recherche en Écologie (CRE), Station de Recherche en Ecologie du Parc National de La Comoé, Bouna, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - N 'golo Abdoulaye Koné
- Unité de Recherche en Ecologie Et Biodiversité (UREB), Université Nangui Abrogoua, UFR Des Sciences de La Nature (UFR-SN), 28 BP 847 28, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.,Centre de Recherche en Écologie (CRE), Station de Recherche en Ecologie du Parc National de La Comoé, Bouna, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Michael Poulsen
- Department of Biology, Section for Ecology and Evolution, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, Building 3, 1st floor, 2100, Copenhagen East, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Biology, Section for Ecology and Evolution, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, Building 3, 1st floor, 2100, Copenhagen East, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Oberpaul M, Zumkeller CM, Culver T, Spohn M, Mihajlovic S, Leis B, Glaeser SP, Plarre R, McMahon DP, Hammann P, Schäberle TF, Glaeser J, Vilcinskas A. High-Throughput Cultivation for the Selective Isolation of Acidobacteria From Termite Nests. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:597628. [PMID: 33240253 PMCID: PMC7677567 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.597628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial communities in the immediate environment of socialized invertebrates can help to suppress pathogens, in part by synthesizing bioactive natural products. Here we characterized the core microbiomes of three termite species (genus Coptotermes) and their nest material to gain more insight into the diversity of termite-associated bacteria. Sampling a healthy termite colony over time implicated a consolidated and highly stable microbiome, pointing toward the fact that beneficial bacterial phyla play a major role in termite fitness. In contrast, there was a significant shift in the composition of the core microbiome in one nest during a fungal infection, affecting the abundance of well-characterized Streptomyces species (phylum Actinobacteria) as well as less-studied bacterial phyla such as Acidobacteria. High-throughput cultivation in microplates was implemented to isolate and identify these less-studied bacterial phylogenetic group. Amplicon sequencing confirmed that our method maintained the bacterial diversity of the environmental samples, enabling the isolation of novel Acidobacteriaceae and expanding the list of cultivated species to include two strains that may define new species within the genera Terracidiphilus and Acidobacterium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Oberpaul
- Branch for Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Giessen, Germany
| | - Celine M. Zumkeller
- Branch for Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Giessen, Germany
| | - Tanja Culver
- Branch for Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Giessen, Germany
| | - Marius Spohn
- Branch for Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Giessen, Germany
| | - Sanja Mihajlovic
- Branch for Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Giessen, Germany
| | - Benedikt Leis
- Branch for Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Giessen, Germany
| | - Stefanie P. Glaeser
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Rudy Plarre
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dino P. McMahon
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Hammann
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, R&D Integrated Drug Discovery, Hoechst Industrial Park, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Till F. Schäberle
- Branch for Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Giessen, Germany
- Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jens Glaeser
- Branch for Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Giessen, Germany
| | - Andreas Vilcinskas
- Branch for Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Giessen, Germany
- Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Rak Lee S, Schalk F, Schwitalla JW, Benndorf R, Vollmers J, Kaster AK, de Beer ZW, Park M, Ahn MJ, Jung WH, Beemelmanns C, Kim KH. Polyhalogenation of Isoflavonoids by the Termite-Associated Actinomadura sp. RB99. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:3102-3110. [PMID: 32946237 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Based on high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (HR-MS2) and global natural products social molecular networking (GNPS), we found that plant-derived daidzein and genistein derivatives are polyhalogenated by termite-associated Actinomadura species RB99. MS-guided purification from extracts of bacteria grown under optimized conditions led to the isolation of eight polychlorinated isoflavones, including six unreported derivatives, and seven novel polybrominated derivatives, two of which showed antimicrobial activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seoung Rak Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Felix Schalk
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Jan W Schwitalla
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - René Benndorf
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - John Vollmers
- Institute for Biological Interfaces 5, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Anne-Kristin Kaster
- Institute for Biological Interfaces 5, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Z Wilhelm de Beer
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Hatfield, 0083, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Minji Park
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Jeong Ahn
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Hee Jung
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Christine Beemelmanns
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Benndorf R, Schwitalla JW, Martin K, de Beer ZW, Vollmers J, Kaster AK, Poulsen M, Beemelmanns C. Nocardia macrotermitis sp. nov. and Nocardia aurantia sp. nov., isolated from the gut of the fungus-growing termite Macrotermes natalensis. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2020; 70:5226-5234. [PMID: 32815801 PMCID: PMC7660896 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The taxonomic positions of two novel aerobic, Gram-stain-positive Actinobacteria, designated RB20T and RB56T, were determined using a polyphasic approach. Both were isolated from the fungus-farming termite Macrotermes natalensis. Results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that both strains are members of the genus Nocardia with the closest phylogenetic neighbours Nocardia miyunensis JCM12860T (98.9 %) and Nocardia nova DSM44481T (98.5 %) for RB20T and Nocardia takedensis DSM 44801T (98.3 %), Nocardia pseudobrasiliensis DSM 44290T (98.3 %) and Nocardia rayongensis JCM 19832T (98.2 %) for RB56T. Digital DNA-DNA hybridization (DDH) between RB20T and N. miyunensis JCM12860T and N. nova DSM 44481T resulted in similarity values of 33.9 and 22.0 %, respectively. DDH between RB56T and N. takedensis DSM44801T and N. pseudobrasiliensis DSM44290T showed similarity values of 20.7 and 22.3 %, respectively. In addition, wet-lab DDH between RB56T and N. rayongensis JCM19832T resulted in 10.2 % (14.5 %) similarity. Both strains showed morphological and chemotaxonomic features typical for the genus Nocardia, such as the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid (A2pm) within the cell wall, arabinose and galactose as major sugar components within whole cell-wall hydrolysates, the presence of mycolic acids and major phospholipids (diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol), and the predominant menaquinone MK-8 (H4, ω-cyclo). The main fatty acids for both strains were hexadecanoic acid (C16 : 0), 10-methyloctadecanoic acid (10-methyl C18 : 0) and cis-9-octadecenoic acid (C18 : 1 ω9c). We propose two novel species within the genus Nocardia: Nocardia macrotermitis sp. nov. with the type strain RB20T (=VKM Ac-2841T=NRRL B65541T) and Nocardia aurantia sp. nov. with the type strain RB56T (=VKM Ac-2842T=NRRL B65542T).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- René Benndorf
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology e. V., Hans-Knöll-Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Jan W. Schwitalla
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology e. V., Hans-Knöll-Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Karin Martin
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology e. V., Hans-Knöll-Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Z. Wilhelm de Beer
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agriculture Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, 0028 Hatfield, South Africa
| | - John Vollmers
- Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 5), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von- Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Anne-Kristin Kaster
- Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 5), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von- Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Michael Poulsen
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Biology, Section for Ecology and Evolution, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen East, Denmark
| | - Christine Beemelmanns
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology e. V., Hans-Knöll-Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Benndorf R, Martin K, Küfner M, de Beer ZW, Vollmers J, Kaster AK, Beemelmanns C. Actinomadura rubteroloni sp. nov. and Actinomadura macrotermitis sp. nov., isolated from the gut of the fungus growing-termite Macrotermes natalensis. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2020; 70:5255-5262. [PMID: 32845828 PMCID: PMC7660899 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The taxonomic positions of two novel aerobic, Gram-positive actinobacteria, designated strains RB29T and RB68T, were determined using a polyphasic approach. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the closest phylogenetic neighbours of RB29T were identified as Actinomadura rayongensis DSM 102126T (99.2 % similarity) and Actinomadura atramentaria DSM 43919T (98.7 %), and for strain RB68T was Actinomadura hibisca DSM 44148T (98.3 %). Digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) between RB29T and its closest phylogenetic neighbours, A. rayongensis DSM 102126T and A. atramentaria DSM 43919T, resulted in similarity values of 53.2 % (50.6-55.9 %) and 26.4 % (24.1-28.9 %), respectively. Additionally, the average nucleotide identity (ANI) was 93.2 % (94.0 %) for A. rayongensis DSM 102126T and 82.3 % (78.9 %) for A. atramentaria DSM 43919T. dDDH analysis between strain RB68T and A. hibisca DSM 44148T gave a similarity value of 24.5 % (22.2-27.0 %). Both strains, RB29T and RB68T, revealed morphological characteristics and chemotaxonomic features typical for the genus Actinomadura, such as the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell wall, galactose and glucose as major sugar components within whole-cell hydrolysates and the absence of mycolic acids. The major phospholipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside. Predominant menaquinones were MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H8) for RB29T and MK-9(H4) and MK-9(H6) for RB68T. The main fatty acids were identified as 10-methyloctadecanoic acid (10-methyl C18:0), 14-methylpentadecanoic acid (iso-C16:0), hexadecanoic acid (C16:0) and cis-9-octadecanoic acid (C18 : 1 ω9c). Here, we propose two novel species of the genus Actinomadura: Actinomadura rubteroloni sp. nov. with the type strain RB29T (=CCUG 72668T=NRRL B-65537T) and Actinomadura macrotermitis sp. nov. with the type strain RB68T (=CCUG 72669T=NRRL B-65538T).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- René Benndorf
- Chemical Biology of Microbe–Host Interactions, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology e. V., Hans-Knöll-Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Karin Martin
- Bio Pilot Plant, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology e. V., Hans-Knöll-Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Michelle Küfner
- Chemical Biology of Microbe–Host Interactions, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology e. V., Hans-Knöll-Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Z. Wilhelm de Beer
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agriculture Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - John Vollmers
- Institute for Biological Interfaces 5, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Anne-Kristin Kaster
- Institute for Biological Interfaces 5, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Christine Beemelmanns
- Chemical Biology of Microbe–Host Interactions, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology e. V., Hans-Knöll-Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Exploring the effect of plant substrates on bacterial community structure in termite fungus-combs. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232329. [PMID: 32357167 PMCID: PMC7194444 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungus-cultivating termites are successful herbivores largely rely on the external symbiotic fungus-combs to decompose plant polysaccharides. The comb harbors both fungi and bacteria. However, the complementary roles and functions of the bacteria are out of the box. To this purpose, we look into different decomposition stages of fungus-combs using high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene to examine bacterial community structure. We also explored the bacterial response to physicochemical indexes (such as moisture, ash content and organic matter) and plant substrates (leaves or branches or mix food). Some specific families such as Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, and Peptostreptococcaceae may be involved in lignocellulose degradation, whereas Burkholderiaceae may be associated with aromatic compounds degradation. We observed that as the comb mature there is a shift of community composition which may be an adjustment of specific bacteria to deal with different lignocellulosic material. Our results indicated that threshold amount of physicochemical indexes are beneficial for bacterial diversity but too high moisture, low organic matter and high ash content may reduce their diversity. Furthermore, the average highest bacterial diversity was recorded from the comb built by branches followed by mix food and leaves. Besides, this study could help in the use of bacteria from the comb of fungus-cultivating termites in forestry and agricultural residues making them easier to digest as fodder.
Collapse
|
38
|
Guo H, Schwitalla JW, Benndorf R, Baunach M, Steinbeck C, Görls H, de Beer ZW, Regestein L, Beemelmanns C. Gene Cluster Activation in a Bacterial Symbiont Leads to Halogenated Angucyclic Maduralactomycins and Spirocyclic Actinospirols. Org Lett 2020; 22:2634-2638. [PMID: 32193935 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Growth from spores activated a biosynthetic gene cluster in Actinomadura sp. RB29, resulting in the identification of two novel groups of halogenated polyketide natural products, named maduralactomycins and actinospirols. The unique tetracyclic and spirocyclic structures were assigned based on a combination of NMR analysis, chemoinformatic calculations, X-ray crystallography, and 13C labeling studies. On the basis of HRMS2 data, genome mining, and gene expression studies, we propose an underlying noncanonical angucycline biosynthesis and extensive post-polyketide synthase (PKS) oxidative modifications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Guo
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Jan W Schwitalla
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - René Benndorf
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Baunach
- University of Potsdam, Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, Karl-Liebknecht Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Christoph Steinbeck
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Lessingstr. 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Helmar Görls
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Lessingstr. 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Z Wilhelm de Beer
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Hatfield, 0002 Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Lars Regestein
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Christine Beemelmanns
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Liu C, Kakeya H. Cryptic Chemical Communication: Secondary Metabolic Responses Revealed by Microbial Co‐culture. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:327-337. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201901505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- Department of System Chemotherapy and Molecular SciencesDivision of Bioinformatics and Chemical GenomicsGraduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesKyoto University Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
| | - Hideaki Kakeya
- Department of System Chemotherapy and Molecular SciencesDivision of Bioinformatics and Chemical GenomicsGraduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesKyoto University Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Ishaque NM, Burgsdorf I, Limlingan Malit JJ, Saha S, Teta R, Ewe D, Kannabiran K, Hrouzek P, Steindler L, Costantino V, Saurav K. Isolation, Genomic and Metabolomic Characterization of Streptomyces tendae VITAKN with Quorum Sensing Inhibitory Activity from Southern India. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E121. [PMID: 31963137 PMCID: PMC7023471 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8010121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptomyces are among the most promising genera in terms of production ability to biosynthesize a variety of bioactive secondary metabolites with pharmaceutical interest. Coinciding with the increase in genomic sequencing of these bacteria, mining of their genomes for biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) has become a routine component of natural product discovery. Herein, we describe the isolation and characterization of a Streptomyces tendae VITAKN with quorum sensing inhibitory (QSI) activity that was isolated from southern coastal part of India. The nearly complete genome consists of 8,621,231bp with a GC content of 72.2%. Sequence similarity networks of the BGCs detected from this strain against the Minimum Information about a Biosynthetic Gene Cluster (MIBiG) database and 3365 BGCs predicted by antiSMASH analysis of publicly available complete Streptomyces genomes were generated through the BiG-SCAPE-CORASON platform to evaluate its biosynthetic novelty. Crude extract analysis using high-performance liquid chromatography connected to high resolution tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-HRMS/MS) and dereplication through the Global Natural Product Social Molecular Networking (GNPS) online workflow resulted in the identification of cyclic dipeptides (2, 5-diketopiperazines, DKPs) in the extract, which are known to possess QSI activity. Our results highlight the potential of genome mining coupled with LC-HRMS/MS and in silico tools (GNPS) as a valid approach for the discovery of novel QSI lead compounds. This study also provides the biosynthetic diversity of BGCs and an assessment of the predicted chemical space yet to be discovered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nabila Mohammed Ishaque
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, India; (N.M.I.); (K.K.)
| | - Ilia Burgsdorf
- Department of Marine Biology, Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Mt. Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel; (I.B.); (L.S.)
| | - Jessie James Limlingan Malit
- Department of Ocean Science, Division of Life Science and Hong Kong, Branch of the Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Subhasish Saha
- Laboratory of Algal Biotechnology-Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Opatovickýmlýn, Novohradská 237, 37981 Třeboň, Czech Republic; (S.S.); (D.E.); (P.H.)
| | - Roberta Teta
- The Blue Chemistry Lab, Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Daniela Ewe
- Laboratory of Algal Biotechnology-Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Opatovickýmlýn, Novohradská 237, 37981 Třeboň, Czech Republic; (S.S.); (D.E.); (P.H.)
| | - Krishnan Kannabiran
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, India; (N.M.I.); (K.K.)
| | - Pavel Hrouzek
- Laboratory of Algal Biotechnology-Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Opatovickýmlýn, Novohradská 237, 37981 Třeboň, Czech Republic; (S.S.); (D.E.); (P.H.)
| | - Laura Steindler
- Department of Marine Biology, Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Mt. Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel; (I.B.); (L.S.)
| | - Valeria Costantino
- The Blue Chemistry Lab, Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Kumar Saurav
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, India; (N.M.I.); (K.K.)
- Department of Marine Biology, Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Mt. Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel; (I.B.); (L.S.)
- Laboratory of Algal Biotechnology-Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Opatovickýmlýn, Novohradská 237, 37981 Třeboň, Czech Republic; (S.S.); (D.E.); (P.H.)
- The Blue Chemistry Lab, Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Klassen JL, Lee SR, Poulsen M, Beemelmanns C, Kim KH. Efomycins K and L From a Termite-Associated Streptomyces sp. M56 and Their Putative Biosynthetic Origin. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1739. [PMID: 31447803 PMCID: PMC6691879 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Two new elaiophylin derivatives, efomycins K (1) and L (2), and five known elaiophylin derivatives (3–7) were isolated from the termite-associated Streptomyces sp. M56. The structures were determined by 1D and 2D NMR and HR-ESIMS analyses and comparative CD spectroscopy. The putative gene cluster responsible for the production of the elaiophylin and efomycin derivatives was identified based on significant homology to related clusters. Phylogenetic analysis of gene cluster domains was used to provide a biosynthetic rational for these new derivatives and to demonstrate how a single biosynthetic pathway can produce diverse structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan L Klassen
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Seoung Rak Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Michael Poulsen
- Section for Ecology and Evolution, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christine Beemelmanns
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology e.V., Hans-Knöll-Institute (HKI), Jena, Germany
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Mast Y, Stegmann E. Actinomycetes: The Antibiotics Producers. Antibiotics (Basel) 2019; 8:E105. [PMID: 31362405 PMCID: PMC6783997 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics8030105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Actinomycetes are well known as an inexhaustible source for antibiotics [...].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Mast
- Department of Bioresources for Bioeconomy and Health Research, Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Culture Collection for Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.
- Institute for Microbiology, Technical University of Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
- Department of Microbiology/Biotechnology, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Faculty of Science, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Evi Stegmann
- Department of Microbiology/Biotechnology, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Faculty of Science, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Environmental Sustainability: A Review of Termite Mound Soil Material and Its Bacteria. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su11143847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The high quantity of nutrients accumulated in termite mound soils have placed termite mound as a ‘gold mine’ for bacteria concentrations. However, over the years, not much attention has been given to the bacteria present in termite mound soil. This is because many studies have focused on approaches to manage termites which they see as menace to agricultural crops and buildings. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the potential application of termite mound soil material and its bacteria for biotechnological purposes. This review has been grouped into four key parts: The termite mound as hotspot for bacterial concentration, the degradation of lignocellulose for biofuel production, termite mound soil as a soil amendment, and the role of termite mound soil and its bacteria in bioremediation and bio-filtration. Therefore, the effective usage of the termite mound soil material and its bacteria in an ecofriendly manner could ensure environmental sustainability.
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
Fungus-growing termites engage in an obligate mutualistic relationship with Termitomyces fungi, which they maintain in monocultures on specialised fungus comb structures, without apparent problems with infectious diseases. While other fungi have been reported in the symbiosis, detailed comb fungal community analyses have been lacking. Here we use culture-dependent and -independent methods to characterise fungus comb mycobiotas from three fungus-growing termite species (two genera). Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) gene analyses using 454 pyrosequencing and Illumina MiSeq showed that non-Termitomyces fungi were essentially absent in fungus combs, and that Termitomyces fungal crops are maintained in monocultures as heterokaryons with two or three abundant ITS variants in a single fungal strain. To explore whether the essential absence of other fungi within fungus combs is potentially due to the production of antifungal metabolites by Termitomyces or comb bacteria, we performed in vitro assays and found that both Termitomyces and chemical extracts of fungus comb material can inhibit potential fungal antagonists. Chemical analyses of fungus comb material point to a highly complex metabolome, including compounds with the potential to play roles in mediating these contaminant-free farming conditions in the termite symbiosis.
Collapse
|