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Kim MB, Lee J, Lee JY. Targeting Mitochondrial Dysfunction for the Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Disease by Bioactive Food Components. J Lipid Atheroscler 2024; 13:306-327. [PMID: 39355406 PMCID: PMC11439752 DOI: 10.12997/jla.2024.13.3.306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 10/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Dysfunctional mitochondria have been linked to the pathogenesis of obesity-associated metabolic diseases. Excessive energy intake impairs mitochondrial biogenesis and function, decreasing adenosine-5'-triphosphate production and negatively impacting metabolically active tissues such as adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and the liver. Compromised mitochondrial function disturbs lipid metabolism and increases reactive oxygen species production in these tissues, contributing to the development of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Recent studies have demonstrated the therapeutic potential of bioactive food components, such as resveratrol, quercetin, coenzyme Q10, curcumin, and astaxanthin, by enhancing mitochondrial function. This review provides an overview of the current understanding of how these bioactive compounds ameliorate mitochondrial dysfunction to mitigate obesity-associated metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Bo Kim
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Jaeeun Lee
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Ji-Young Lee
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
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2
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Narala VR, Narala SR, Aiya Subramani P, Panati K, Kolliputi N. Role of mitochondria in inflammatory lung diseases. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1433961. [PMID: 39228517 PMCID: PMC11368744 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1433961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play a significant and varied role in inflammatory lung disorders. Mitochondria, known as the powerhouse of the cell because of their role in producing energy, are now recognized as crucial regulators of inflammation and immunological responses. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and acute respiratory distress syndrome are characterized by complex interactions between immune cells, inflammatory substances, and tissue damage. Dysfunctional mitochondria can increase the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), triggering inflammatory pathways. Moreover, mitochondrial failure impacts cellular signaling, which in turn affects the expression of molecules that promote inflammation. In addition, mitochondria have a crucial role in controlling the behavior of immune cells, such as their activation and differentiation, which is essential in the development of inflammatory lung diseases. Their dynamic behavior, encompassing fusion, fission, and mitophagy, also impacts cellular responses to inflammation and oxidative stress. Gaining a comprehensive understanding of the intricate correlation between mitochondria and lung inflammation is essential in order to develop accurate treatment strategies. Targeting ROS generation, dynamics, and mitochondrial function may offer novel approaches to treating inflammatory lung diseases while minimizing tissue damage. Additional investigation into the precise contributions of mitochondria to lung inflammation will provide significant knowledge regarding disease mechanisms and potential therapeutic approaches. This review will focus on how mitochondria in the lung regulate these processes and their involvement in acute and chronic lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kalpana Panati
- Department of Biotechnology, Government College for Men, Kadapa, India
| | - Narasaiah Kolliputi
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
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Maciejewska-Stupska K, Czarnecka K, Szymański P. Bioavailability enhancement of coenzyme Q 10: An update of novel approaches. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024; 357:e2300676. [PMID: 38683827 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is an essential, lipid-soluble vitamin involved in electron transport in the oxidoreductive reactions of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Structurally, the quinone ring is connected to an isoprenoid moiety, which has a high molecular weight. Over the years, coenzyme Q10 has become relevant in the treatment of several diseases, like neurodegenerative disorders, coronary diseases, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, cancer, and others. According to studies, CoQ10 supplementation might be beneficial in the treatment of CoQ10 deficiencies and disorders associated with oxidative stress. However, the water-insoluble nature of CoQ10 is a major hindrance to successful supplementation. So far, many advancements in CoQ10 bioavailability enhancement have been developed using novel drug carriers such as solid dispersion, liposomes, micelles, nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, self-emulsifying drug systems, or various innovative approaches (CoQ10 complexation with proteins). This article aims to provide an update on methods to improve CoQ10 solubility and bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Maciejewska-Stupska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analyses and Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Kamila Czarnecka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analyses and Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Paweł Szymański
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analyses and Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
- Department of Radiobiology and Radiation Protection, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Warsaw, Poland
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Zargari A, Mazandarani M, Safari R, Hoseinifar H, Hedayati A. Modulation of toxic effects of ammonia on growth, pathology of liver and kidney tissues and relative expression of GH and IGF-1 Genes by CoQ 10 Supplementation in Oncorhynchus mykiss. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2024; 50:1711-1729. [PMID: 38878123 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-024-01365-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Reducing the negative impact of environmental and stressful factors is a crucial step in achieving sustainable aquaculture. Therefore, a study was aimed at evaluating the impacts of Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) supplementation on growth, relative gene expression of Growth Hormone (GH) and Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), liver and kidney histopathology against stress induced by ammonia in Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The fish were given feed containing different levels of CoQ10 for 8 weeks: Control - CoQ10 0%, G1 - CoQ10 0.1%, G2 - CoQ10 0.5% and G3 - CoQ10 1%. At the end of the experiment, fish were exposed to ammonia stress concentration at 0.6mg/L for 24 h to assess liver and kidney tissue damage. Results showed that there was a significant activity increase in GH and IGF-1 genes due to supplementation with CoQ10 alone (p < 0.05). Gene expression for GH increased about two-fold whereas that for IGF-1 experienced a four-fold upregulation compared to controls (p < 0.05). CoQ10's-related antioxidant effects probably minimized liver and kidney cellular injuries, as significant decreases were observed in ammonia-induced mortality (p < 0.05). In summary, adding CoQ10 to the diet is a potential way to improve fish production through controlling the gene expression of GH and IGF-1, as well as making fish populations more resistant to possible future stress caused by ammonia in intensive or super-intensive aquaculture systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashkan Zargari
- Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mazandarani
- Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
| | - Roghieh Safari
- Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Hossein Hoseinifar
- Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Aliakbar Hedayati
- Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
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5
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Upadhayay S, Kumar P. Mitochondrial targeted antioxidants as potential therapy for huntington's disease. Pharmacol Rep 2024; 76:693-713. [PMID: 38982016 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-024-00619-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is an inherited neurodegenerative disorder caused by an expansion in CAG repeat on huntington (Htt) gene, leading to a degeneration of GABAergic medium spiny neurons (MSNs) in the striatum, resulting in the generation of reactive oxygen species, and decrease antioxidant activity. These pathophysiological alterations impair mitochondrial functions, leading to an increase in involuntary hyperkinetic movement. However, researchers investigated the neuroprotective effect of antioxidants using various animal models. Still, their impact is strictly limited to curtailing oxidative stress and increasing the antioxidant enzyme in the brain, which is less effective in HD. Meanwhile, researchers discovered Mitochondria-targeted antioxidants (MTAXs) that can improve mitochondrial functions and antioxidant activity through the modulation of mitochondrial signaling pathways, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-coactivator 1 (PGC-1α), dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), mitochondrial fission protein 1 (Fis1), and Silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (SIRT-1), showing neuroprotective effects in HD. The present review discusses the clinical and preclinical studies that investigate the neuroprotective effect of MTAXs (SS31, XJB-5-131, MitoQ, bezafibrate, rosiglitazone, meldonium, coenzyme Q10, etc.) in HD. This brief literature review will help to understand the relevance of MTAXs in HD and enlighten the importance of MTAXs in future drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Upadhayay
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab, 151401, India
| | - Puneet Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab, 151401, India.
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Henao-Ardila A, Quintanilla-Carvajal MX, Moreno FL. Emulsification and stabilisation technologies used for the inclusion of lipophilic functional ingredients in food systems. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32150. [PMID: 38873677 PMCID: PMC11170136 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Food industry is increasingly using functional ingredients to improve the food product quality. Lipid-containing functional ingredients are important sources of nutrients. This review examines the current state of emulsification and stabilisation technologies for incorporating lipophilic functional ingredients into food systems. Lipophilic functional ingredients, such as omega-3 fatty acids, carotenoids, and fat-soluble vitamins, offer numerous health benefits but present challenges due to their limited solubility in water-based food matrices. Emulsification techniques enable the dispersion of these ingredients in aqueous environments, facilitating their inclusion in a variety of food products. This review highlights recent advances in food emulsion formulation, emulsification methods and stabilisation techniques which, together, improve the stability and bioavailability of lipophilic compounds. The role of various emulsifiers, stabilizers, and encapsulation materials in enhancing the functionality of these ingredients is also explored. Furthermore, the review discusses different stabilisation techniques which can yield in emulsion in a solid or liquid state. By providing a comprehensive overview of current technologies, this review aims to guide future research and application in the development of functional foods enriched with lipophilic ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Henao-Ardila
- Doctorate in Biosciences, Faculty of Engineering, Universidad de La Sabana, Campus Universitario del Puente del Común, Km7 Autopista Norte de Bogotá, Chía, Cundinamarca, Colombia
- Grupo de Investigación en Procesos Agroindustriales, Faculty of Engineering, Universidad de La Sabana, Campus Universitario del Puente del Común, Km7 Autopista Norte de Bogotá, Chía, Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | - María Ximena Quintanilla-Carvajal
- Grupo de Investigación en Procesos Agroindustriales, Faculty of Engineering, Universidad de La Sabana, Campus Universitario del Puente del Común, Km7 Autopista Norte de Bogotá, Chía, Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | - Fabián Leonardo Moreno
- Grupo de Investigación en Procesos Agroindustriales, Faculty of Engineering, Universidad de La Sabana, Campus Universitario del Puente del Común, Km7 Autopista Norte de Bogotá, Chía, Cundinamarca, Colombia
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Khaghani F, Hemmati M, Ebrahimi M, Salmaninejad A. Emerging Multi-omic Approaches to the Molecular Diagnosis of Mitochondrial Disease and Available Strategies for Treatment and Prevention. Curr Genomics 2024; 25:358-379. [PMID: 39323625 PMCID: PMC11420563 DOI: 10.2174/0113892029308327240612110334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are semi-autonomous organelles present in several copies within most cells in the human body that are controlled by the precise collaboration of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and nuclear DNA (nDNA) encoding mitochondrial proteins. They play important roles in numerous metabolic pathways, such as the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the predominant energy substrate of the cell generated through oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), intracellular calcium homeostasis, metabolite biosynthesis, aging, cell cycles, and so forth. Previous studies revealed that dysfunction of these multi-functional organelles, which may arise due to mutations in either the nuclear or mitochondrial genome, leads to a diverse group of clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorders. These diseases include neurodegenerative and metabolic disorders as well as cardiac and skeletal myopathies in both adults and newborns. The plethora of phenotypes and defects displayed leads to challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of mitochondrial diseases. In this regard, the related literature proposed several diagnostic options, such as high throughput mitochondrial genomics and omics technologies, as well as numerous therapeutic options, such as pharmacological approaches, manipulating the mitochondrial genome, increasing the mitochondria content of the affected cells, and recently mitochondrial diseases transmission prevention. Therefore, the present article attempted to review the latest advances and challenges in diagnostic and therapeutic options for mitochondrial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faeze Khaghani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Medical Genetic Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahboobeh Hemmati
- Medical Genetic Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Ebrahimi
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Arash Salmaninejad
- Medical Genetic Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Regenerative Medicine, Organ Procurement and Transplantation Multi-Disciplinary Center, Razi Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
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Poljšak B, Milisav I. Decreasing Intracellular Entropy by Increasing Mitochondrial Efficiency and Reducing ROS Formation-The Effect on the Ageing Process and Age-Related Damage. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6321. [PMID: 38928027 PMCID: PMC11203720 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
A hypothesis is presented to explain how the ageing process might be influenced by optimizing mitochondrial efficiency to reduce intracellular entropy. Research-based quantifications of entropy are scarce. Non-equilibrium metabolic reactions and compartmentalization were found to contribute most to lowering entropy in the cells. Like the cells, mitochondria are thermodynamically open systems exchanging matter and energy with their surroundings-the rest of the cell. Based on the calculations from cancer cells, glycolysis was reported to produce less entropy than mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. However, these estimations depended on the CO2 concentration so that at slightly increased CO2, it was oxidative phosphorylation that produced less entropy. Also, the thermodynamic efficiency of mitochondrial respiratory complexes varies depending on the respiratory state and oxidant/antioxidant balance. Therefore, in spite of long-standing theoretical and practical efforts, more measurements, also in isolated mitochondria, with intact and suboptimal respiration, are needed to resolve the issue. Entropy increases in ageing while mitochondrial efficiency of energy conversion, quality control, and turnover mechanisms deteriorate. Optimally functioning mitochondria are necessary to meet energy demands for cellular defence and repair processes to attenuate ageing. The intuitive approach of simply supplying more metabolic fuels (more nutrients) often has the opposite effect, namely a decrease in energy production in the case of nutrient overload. Excessive nutrient intake and obesity accelerate ageing, while calorie restriction without malnutrition can prolong life. Balanced nutrient intake adapted to needs/activity-based high ATP requirement increases mitochondrial respiratory efficiency and leads to multiple alterations in gene expression and metabolic adaptations. Therefore, rather than overfeeding, it is necessary to fine-tune energy production by optimizing mitochondrial function and reducing oxidative stress; the evidence is discussed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borut Poljšak
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Zdravstvena pot 5, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Irina Milisav
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Zdravstvena pot 5, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathophysiology, University of Ljubljana, Zaloska 4, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Golubnitschaja O, Kapinova A, Sargheini N, Bojkova B, Kapalla M, Heinrich L, Gkika E, Kubatka P. Mini-encyclopedia of mitochondria-relevant nutraceuticals protecting health in primary and secondary care-clinically relevant 3PM innovation. EPMA J 2024; 15:163-205. [PMID: 38841620 PMCID: PMC11148002 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-024-00358-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Despite their subordination in humans, to a great extent, mitochondria maintain their independent status but tightly cooperate with the "host" on protecting the joint life quality and minimizing health risks. Under oxidative stress conditions, healthy mitochondria promptly increase mitophagy level to remove damaged "fellows" rejuvenating the mitochondrial population and sending fragments of mtDNA as SOS signals to all systems in the human body. As long as metabolic pathways are under systemic control and well-concerted together, adaptive mechanisms become triggered increasing systemic protection, activating antioxidant defense and repair machinery. Contextually, all attributes of mitochondrial patho-/physiology are instrumental for predictive medical approach and cost-effective treatments tailored to individualized patient profiles in primary (to protect vulnerable individuals again the health-to-disease transition) and secondary (to protect affected individuals again disease progression) care. Nutraceuticals are naturally occurring bioactive compounds demonstrating health-promoting, illness-preventing, and other health-related benefits. Keeping in mind health-promoting properties of nutraceuticals along with their great therapeutic potential and safety profile, there is a permanently growing demand on the application of mitochondria-relevant nutraceuticals. Application of nutraceuticals is beneficial only if meeting needs at individual level. Therefore, health risk assessment and creation of individualized patient profiles are of pivotal importance followed by adapted nutraceutical sets meeting individual needs. Based on the scientific evidence available for mitochondria-relevant nutraceuticals, this article presents examples of frequent medical conditions, which require protective measures targeted on mitochondria as a holistic approach following advanced concepts of predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (PPPM/3PM) in primary and secondary care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Golubnitschaja
- Predictive, Preventive and Personalised (3P) Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Andrea Kapinova
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Nafiseh Sargheini
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-Von-Linne-Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Bianka Bojkova
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, P. J. Šafárik University in Košice, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Marko Kapalla
- Negentropic Systems, Ružomberok, Slovakia
- PPPM Centre, s.r.o., Ruzomberok, Slovakia
| | - Luisa Heinrich
- Institute of General Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Eleni Gkika
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
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Corral-Sarasa J, Martínez-Gálvez JM, González-García P, Wendling O, Jiménez-Sánchez L, López-Herrador S, Quinzii CM, Díaz-Casado ME, López LC. 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid rescues multisystemic disease and perinatal lethality in a mouse model of mitochondrial disease. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114148. [PMID: 38697100 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ) deficiency syndrome is conventionally treated with limited efficacy using exogenous CoQ10. Poor outcomes result from low absorption and bioavailability of CoQ10 and the clinical heterogenicity of the disease. Here, we demonstrate that supplementation with 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (4HB), the precursor of the benzoquinone ring in the CoQ biosynthetic pathway, completely rescues multisystemic disease and perinatal lethality in a mouse model of CoQ deficiency. 4HB stimulates endogenous CoQ biosynthesis in tissues of Coq2 mutant mice, normalizing mitochondrial function and rescuing cardiac insufficiency, edema, and neurodevelopmental delay. In contrast, exogenous CoQ10 supplementation falls short in fully restoring the phenotype. The treatment is translatable to human use, as proven by in vitro studies in skin fibroblasts from patients with pathogenic variants in COQ2. The therapeutic approach extends to other disorders characterized by deficiencies in the production of 4HB and early steps of CoQ biosynthesis and instances of secondary CoQ deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Corral-Sarasa
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Martínez-Gálvez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; Biofisika Institute (CSIC, UBV-EHU) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Basque Country, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Pilar González-García
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Olivia Wendling
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, CELPHEDIA, PHENOMIN, Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | | | - Sergio López-Herrador
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Catarina M Quinzii
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - María Elena Díaz-Casado
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Luis C López
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), 18016 Granada, Spain.
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Lopriore P, Vista M, Tessa A, Giuntini M, Caldarazzo Ienco E, Mancuso M, Siciliano G, Santorelli FM, Orsucci D. Primary Coenzyme Q10 Deficiency-Related Ataxias. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2391. [PMID: 38673663 PMCID: PMC11050807 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13082391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cerebellar ataxia is a neurological syndrome characterized by the imbalance (e.g., truncal ataxia, gait ataxia) and incoordination of limbs while executing a task (dysmetria), caused by the dysfunction of the cerebellum or its connections. It is frequently associated with other signs of cerebellar dysfunction, including abnormal eye movements, dysmetria, kinetic tremor, dysarthria, and/or dysphagia. Among the so-termed mitochondrial ataxias, variants in genes encoding steps of the coenzyme Q10 biosynthetic pathway represent a common cause of autosomal recessive primary coenzyme Q10 deficiencies (PCoQD)s. PCoQD is a potentially treatable condition; therefore, a correct and timely diagnosis is essential. After a brief presentation of the illustrative case of an Italian woman with this condition (due to a novel homozygous nonsense mutation in COQ8A), this article will review ataxias due to PCoQD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piervito Lopriore
- Unit of Neurology, San Luca Hospital, Via Lippi-Francesconi, 55100 Lucca, Italy; (P.L.); (M.V.); (M.G.); (E.C.I.)
- Neurological Institute, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.M.); (G.S.)
| | - Marco Vista
- Unit of Neurology, San Luca Hospital, Via Lippi-Francesconi, 55100 Lucca, Italy; (P.L.); (M.V.); (M.G.); (E.C.I.)
| | - Alessandra Tessa
- Molecular Medicine, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (A.T.); (F.M.S.)
| | - Martina Giuntini
- Unit of Neurology, San Luca Hospital, Via Lippi-Francesconi, 55100 Lucca, Italy; (P.L.); (M.V.); (M.G.); (E.C.I.)
| | - Elena Caldarazzo Ienco
- Unit of Neurology, San Luca Hospital, Via Lippi-Francesconi, 55100 Lucca, Italy; (P.L.); (M.V.); (M.G.); (E.C.I.)
| | - Michelangelo Mancuso
- Neurological Institute, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.M.); (G.S.)
| | - Gabriele Siciliano
- Neurological Institute, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.M.); (G.S.)
| | | | - Daniele Orsucci
- Unit of Neurology, San Luca Hospital, Via Lippi-Francesconi, 55100 Lucca, Italy; (P.L.); (M.V.); (M.G.); (E.C.I.)
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Fišar Z, Hroudová J. CoQ 10 and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:191. [PMID: 38397789 PMCID: PMC10885987 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The progress in understanding the pathogenesis and treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is based on the recognition of the primary causes of the disease, which can be deduced from the knowledge of risk factors and biomarkers measurable in the early stages of the disease. Insights into the risk factors and the time course of biomarker abnormalities point to a role for the connection of amyloid beta (Aβ) pathology, tau pathology, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress in the onset and development of AD. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a lipid antioxidant and electron transporter in the mitochondrial electron transport system. The availability and activity of CoQ10 is crucial for proper mitochondrial function and cellular bioenergetics. Based on the mitochondrial hypothesis of AD and the hypothesis of oxidative stress, the regulation of the efficiency of the oxidative phosphorylation system by means of CoQ10 can be considered promising in restoring the mitochondrial function impaired in AD, or in preventing the onset of mitochondrial dysfunction and the development of amyloid and tau pathology in AD. This review summarizes the knowledge on the pathophysiology of AD, in which CoQ10 may play a significant role, with the aim of evaluating the perspective of the pharmacotherapy of AD with CoQ10 and its analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdeněk Fišar
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 11, 120 00 Prague, Czech Republic;
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13
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Gnaiger E. Complex II ambiguities-FADH 2 in the electron transfer system. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105470. [PMID: 38118236 PMCID: PMC10772739 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevailing notion that reduced cofactors NADH and FADH2 transfer electrons from the tricarboxylic acid cycle to the mitochondrial electron transfer system creates ambiguities regarding respiratory Complex II (CII). CII is the only membrane-bound enzyme in the tricarboxylic acid cycle and is part of the electron transfer system of the mitochondrial inner membrane feeding electrons into the coenzyme Q-junction. The succinate dehydrogenase subunit SDHA of CII oxidizes succinate and reduces the covalently bound prosthetic group FAD to FADH2 in the canonical forward tricarboxylic acid cycle. However, several graphical representations of the electron transfer system depict FADH2 in the mitochondrial matrix as a substrate to be oxidized by CII. This leads to the false conclusion that FADH2 from the β-oxidation cycle in fatty acid oxidation feeds electrons into CII. In reality, dehydrogenases of fatty acid oxidation channel electrons to the Q-junction but not through CII. The ambiguities surrounding Complex II in the literature and educational resources call for quality control, to secure scientific standards in current communications of bioenergetics, and ultimately support adequate clinical applications. This review aims to raise awareness of the inherent ambiguity crisis, complementing efforts to address the well-acknowledged issues of credibility and reproducibility.
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Hooshangi Shayesteh MR, Hami Z, Chamanara M, Parvizi MR, Golaghaei A, Nassireslami E. Evaluation of the protective effect of coenzyme Q 10 on hepatotoxicity caused by acute phosphine poisoning. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2024; 38:3946320241250286. [PMID: 38764158 PMCID: PMC11104032 DOI: 10.1177/03946320241250286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Aluminum phosphide (AlP) poisoning is prevalent in numerous countries, resulting in high mortality rates. Phosphine gas, the primary agent responsible for AlP poisoning, exerts detrimental effects on various organs, notably the heart, liver and kidneys. Numerous studies have documented the advantageous impact of Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) in mitigating hepatic injuries. The objective of this investigation is to explore the potential protective efficacy of CoQ10 against hepatic toxicity arising from AlP poisoning. Method: The study encompassed distinct groups receiving almond oil, normal saline, exclusive CoQ10 (at a dosage of 100 mg/kg), AlP at 12 mg/kg; LD50 (lethal dose for 50%), and four groups subjected to AlP along with CoQ10 administration (post-AlP gavage). CoQ10 was administered at 10, 50, and 100 mg/kg doses via Intraparietal (ip) injections. After 24 h, liver tissue specimens were scrutinized for mitochondrial complex activities, oxidative stress parameters, and apoptosis as well as biomarkers such as aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT). Results: AlP induced a significant decrease in the activity of mitochondrial complexes I and IV, as well as a reduction in catalase activity, Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP), and Thiol levels. Additionally, AlP significantly elevated oxidative stress levels, indicated by elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and resulted in the increment of hepatic biomarkers such as AST and ALT. Administration of CoQ10 led to a substantial improvement in the aforementioned biochemical markers. Furthermore, phosphine exposure resulted in a significant reduction in viable hepatocytes and an increase in apoptosis. Co-treatment with CoQ10 exhibited a dose-dependent reversal of these observed alterations. Conclusion: CoQ10 preserved mitochondrial function, consequently mitigating oxidative damage. This preventive action impeded the progression of heart cells toward apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Hooshangi Shayesteh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Toxicology Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Hami
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Toxicology Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Chamanara
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Toxicology Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Parvizi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Golaghaei
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Toxicology Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Nassireslami
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Toxicology Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Sumiyoshi A, Shibata S, Lazarova D, Zhelev Z, Aoki I, Bakalova R. Tolerable treatment of glioblastoma with redox-cycling 'mitocans': a comparative study in vivo. Redox Rep 2023; 28:2220531. [PMID: 37581329 PMCID: PMC10435007 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2023.2220531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The present study describes a pharmacological strategy for the treatment of glioblastoma by redoxcycling 'mitocans' such as quinone/ascorbate combination drugs, based on their tumor-selective redox-modulating effects and tolerance to normal cells and tissues.Methods: Experiments were performed on glioblastoma mice (orthotopic model) treated with coenzyme Q0/ascorbate (Q0/A). The drug was injected intracranially in a single dose. The following parameters were analyzed in vivo using MRI orex vivo using conventional assays: tumor growth, survival, cerebral and tumor perfusion, tumor cell density, tissue redox-state, and expression of tumor-associated NADH oxidase (tNOX).Results: Q0/A markedly suppressed tumor growth and significantly increased survival of glioblastoma mice. This was accompanied by increased oxidative stress in the tumor but not in non-cancerous tissues, increased tumor blood flow, and downregulation of tNOX. The redox-modulating and anticancer effects of Q0/A were more pronounced than those of menadione/ascorbate (M/A) obtained in our previous study. No adverse drug-related side-effects were observed in glioblastoma mice treated with Q0/A.Discussion: Q0/A differentiated cancer cells and tissues, particularly glioblastoma, from normal ones by redox targeting, causing a severe oxidative stress in the tumor but not in non-cancerous tissues. Q0/A had a pronounced anticancer activity and could be considered safe for the organism within certain concentration limits. The results suggest that the rate of tumor resorption and metabolism of toxic residues must be controlled and maintained within tolerable limits to achieve longer survival, especially at intracranial drug administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Sumiyoshi
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Chiba, Japan
| | - Sayaka Shibata
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Chiba, Japan
| | - Dessislava Lazarova
- Faculty of Medicine, Sofia University, “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Zhivko Zhelev
- Faculty of Medicine, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ichio Aoki
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Chiba, Japan
| | - Rumiana Bakalova
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Chiba, Japan
- Faculty of Medicine, Sofia University, “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Bradbury J, Wilkinson S, Schloss J. Nutritional Support During Long COVID: A Systematic Scoping Review. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE AND COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE 2023; 29:695-704. [PMID: 37102680 DOI: 10.1089/jicm.2022.0821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Long COVID is a term that encompasses a range of signs, symptoms, and sequalae that continue or develop after an acute COVID-19 infection. The lack of early recognition of the condition contributed to delays in identifying factors that may contribute toward its development and prevention. The aim of this study was to scope the available literature to identify potential nutritional interventions to support people with symptoms associated with long COVID. Methods: This study was designed as a systematic scoping review of the literature (registration PROSPERO CRD42022306051). Studies with participants aged 18 years or older, with long COVID and who underwent a nutritional intervention were included in the review. Results: A total of 285 citations were initially identified, with five papers eligible for inclusion: two were pilot studies of nutritional supplements in the community, and three were nutritional interventions as part of inpatient or outpatient multidisciplinary rehabilitation programs. There were two broad categories of interventions: those that focused on compositions of nutrients (including micronutrients such as vitamin and mineral supplements) and those that were incorporated as part of multidisciplinary rehabilitation programs. Nutrients included in more than one study were multiple B group vitamins, vitamin C, vitamin D, and acetyl-l-carnitine. Discussion: Two studies trialed nutritional supplements for long COVID in community samples. Although these initial reports were positive, they are based on poorly designed studies and therefore cannot provide conclusive evidence. Nutritional rehabilitation was an important aspect of recovery from severe inflammation, malnutrition, and sarcopenia in hospital rehabilitation programs. Current gaps in the literature include a potential role for anti-inflammatory nutrients such as the omega 3 fatty acids, which are currently undergoing clinical trials, glutathione-boosting treatments such as N-acetylcysteine, alpha-lipoic acid, or liposomal glutathione in long COVID, and a possible adjunctive role for anti-inflammatory dietary interventions. This review provides preliminary evidence that nutritional interventions may be an important part of a rehabilitation program for people with severe long COVID symptomatology, including severe inflammation, malnutrition, and sarcopenia. For those in the general population with long COVID symptoms, the role of specific nutrients has not yet been studied well enough to recommend any particular nutrient or dietary intervention as a treatment or adjunctive treatment. Clinical trials of single nutrients are currently being conducted, and future systematic reviews could focus on single nutrient or dietary interventions to identify their nuanced mechanisms of action. Further clinical studies incorporating complex nutritional interventions are also warranted to strengthen the evidence base for using nutrition as a useful adjunctive treatment for people living with long COVID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Bradbury
- Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Bilinga, QLD, Australia
| | - Sarah Wilkinson
- Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Bilinga, QLD, Australia
- National Centre for Natural Medicine (NCNM), Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
| | - Janet Schloss
- National Centre for Natural Medicine (NCNM), Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
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Muthuraman A, Sayem ASM, Meenakshisundaram S, Ali N, Ahmad SF, AlAsmari AF, Nishat S, Lim KG, Paramaswaran Y. Preventive Action of Beta-Carotene against the Indoxyl Sulfate-Induced Renal Dysfunction in Male Adult Zebrafish via Regulations of Mitochondrial Inflammatory and β-Carotene Oxygenase-2 Actions. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2654. [PMID: 37893028 PMCID: PMC10603961 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Indoxyl sulfate (IS) is a metabolic byproduct of indole metabolism. IS readily interacts with the mitochondrial redox metabolism, leading to altered renal function. The β-carotene oxygenase-2 (BCO2) enzyme converts carotenoids to intermediate products. However, the role of β-carotene (BC) in IS-induced renal dysfunction in zebrafish and their modulatory action on BCO2 and mitochondrial inflammations have not been explored yet. Hence, the present study is designed to investigate the role of BC in the attenuation of IS-induced renal dysfunction via regulations of mitochondrial redox balance by BCO2 actions. Renal dysfunction was induced by exposure to IS (10 mg/L/hour/day) for 4 weeks. BC (50 and 100 mg/L/hour/day) and coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10; 20 mg/L/hour/day) were added before IS exposure. BC attenuated the IS-induced increase in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine concentrations, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and complex I activity levels, and the reduction of renal mitochondrial biomarkers, i.e., BCO2, superoxide dismutase-2 (SOD2), glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPX1), reduced and oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio, and carbonylated proteins. Moreover, renal histopathological changes were analyzed by the eosin and hematoxylin staining method. As a result, the administration of BC attenuated the IS-induced renal damage via the regulation of mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunachalam Muthuraman
- Pharmacology Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Semeling, Bedong 08100, Kedah, Malaysia
| | - Abu Sadat Md. Sayem
- Pharmacology Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Semeling, Bedong 08100, Kedah, Malaysia
| | | | - Nemat Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sheikh F. Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah F. AlAsmari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shamama Nishat
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wexner Medical Centre, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Khian Giap Lim
- Pharmacology Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Semeling, Bedong 08100, Kedah, Malaysia
| | - Yamunna Paramaswaran
- Pharmacology Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Semeling, Bedong 08100, Kedah, Malaysia
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Dabbaghi Varnousfaderani S, Musazadeh V, Ghalichi F, Kavyani Z, Razmjouei S, Faghfouri AH, Ahrabi SS, Seyyed Shoura SM, Dehghan P. Alleviating effects of coenzyme Q10 supplements on biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress: results from an umbrella meta-analysis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1191290. [PMID: 37614320 PMCID: PMC10442645 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1191290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Although several meta-analyses support the positive effect of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) on biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation, the results of some other studies reject such effects. Methods: Therefore, in this umbrella meta-analysis, we performed a comprehensive systematic search in such databases as Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar up to January 2023. Results: Based on standardized mean difference analysis, CoQ10 supplementation significantly decreased serum C-reactive protein (CRP) (ESSMD = -0.39; 95% CI: 0.77, -0.01, p = 0.042) and malondialdehyde (MDA) (ESSMD = -1.17; 95% CI: 1.55, -0.79, p < 0.001), while it increased the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (ESSMD = 1.21; 95% CI: 0.61, 1.81, p < 0.001) and serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (ESSMD = 1.08; 95% CI: 0.37, 1.79, p = 0.003). However, CoQ10 supplementation had no significant reducing effect on tumor-necrosis factor-alpha (TNF- α) (ESSMD = -0.70; 95% CI: 2.09, 0.68, p = 0.320) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels (ESSMD = -0.85; 95% CI: 1.71, 0.01, p = 0.053). Based on weighted mean difference analysis, CoQ10 supplementation considerably decreased TNF-α (ESWMD = -0.46, 95% CI: 0.65, -0.27; p < 0.001), IL-6 (ESWMD = -0.92, 95% CI: 1.40, -0.45; p < 0.001), and CRP levels (effect sizes WMD = -0.28, 95% CI: 0.47, -0.09; p < 0.001). Discussion: The results of our meta-analysis supported the alleviating effects of CoQ10 on markers of inflammation cautiously. However, CoQ10 had antioxidant effects regarding the improvement of all the studied antioxidant and oxidative stress biomarkers. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=323861, identifier CRD42022323861.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vali Musazadeh
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Faezeh Ghalichi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zeynab Kavyani
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Soha Razmjouei
- School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Faghfouri
- Maternal and Childhood Obesity Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Sana Sedgh Ahrabi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Parvin Dehghan
- Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Taghizadeh-Hesary F, Houshyari M, Farhadi M. Mitochondrial metabolism: a predictive biomarker of radiotherapy efficacy and toxicity. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:6719-6741. [PMID: 36719474 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-04592-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Radiotherapy is a mainstay of cancer treatment. Clinical studies revealed a heterogenous response to radiotherapy, from a complete response to even disease progression. To that end, finding the relative prognostic factors of disease outcomes and predictive factors of treatment efficacy and toxicity is essential. It has been demonstrated that radiation response depends on DNA damage response, cell cycle phase, oxygen concentration, and growth rate. Emerging evidence suggests that altered mitochondrial metabolism is associated with radioresistance. METHODS This article provides a comprehensive evaluation of the role of mitochondria in radiotherapy efficacy and toxicity. In addition, it demonstrates how mitochondria might be involved in the famous 6Rs of radiobiology. RESULTS In terms of this idea, decreasing the mitochondrial metabolism of cancer cells may increase radiation response, and enhancing the mitochondrial metabolism of normal cells may reduce radiation toxicity. Enhancing the normal cells (including immune cells) mitochondrial metabolism can potentially improve the tumor response by enhancing immune reactivation. Future studies are invited to examine the impacts of mitochondrial metabolism on radiation efficacy and toxicity. Improving radiotherapy response with diminishing cancer cells' mitochondrial metabolism, and reducing radiotherapy toxicity with enhancing normal cells' mitochondrial metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Taghizadeh-Hesary
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Health Institute, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Clinical Oncology Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Houshyari
- Clinical Oncology Department, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Farhadi
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Health Institute, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Cores Á, Carmona-Zafra N, Clerigué J, Villacampa M, Menéndez JC. Quinones as Neuroprotective Agents. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1464. [PMID: 37508002 PMCID: PMC10376830 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Quinones can in principle be viewed as a double-edged sword in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, since they are often cytoprotective but can also be cytotoxic due to covalent and redox modification of biomolecules. Nevertheless, low doses of moderately electrophilic quinones are generally cytoprotective, mainly due to their ability to activate the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway and thus induce the expression of detoxifying enzymes. Some natural quinones have relevant roles in important physiological processes. One of them is coenzyme Q10, which takes part in the oxidative phosphorylation processes involved in cell energy production, as a proton and electron carrier in the mitochondrial respiratory chain, and shows neuroprotective effects relevant to Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Additional neuroprotective quinones that can be regarded as coenzyme Q10 analogues are idobenone, mitoquinone and plastoquinone. Other endogenous quinones with neuroprotective activities include tocopherol-derived quinones, most notably vatiquinone, and vitamin K. A final group of non-endogenous quinones with neuroprotective activity is discussed, comprising embelin, APX-3330, cannabinoid-derived quinones, asterriquinones and other indolylquinones, pyrroloquinolinequinone and its analogues, geldanamycin and its analogues, rifampicin quinone, memoquin and a number of hybrid structures combining quinones with amino acids, cholinesterase inhibitors and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Cores
- Unidad de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal sn, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Noelia Carmona-Zafra
- Unidad de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal sn, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Clerigué
- Unidad de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal sn, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Villacampa
- Unidad de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal sn, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J Carlos Menéndez
- Unidad de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal sn, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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21
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Bagheri S, Haddadi R, Saki S, Kourosh-Arami M, Rashno M, Mojaver A, Komaki A. Neuroprotective effects of coenzyme Q10 on neurological diseases: a review article. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1188839. [PMID: 37424991 PMCID: PMC10326389 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1188839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders affect the nervous system. Biochemical, structural, or electrical abnormalities in the spinal cord, brain, or other nerves lead to different symptoms, including muscle weakness, paralysis, poor coordination, seizures, loss of sensation, and pain. There are many recognized neurological diseases, like epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), stroke, autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia 2 (ARCA2), Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON), and spinocerebellar ataxia autosomal recessive 9 (SCAR9). Different agents, such as coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), exert neuroprotective effects against neuronal damage. Online databases, such as Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and PubMed/MEDLINE were systematically searched until December 2020 using keywords, including review, neurological disorders, and CoQ10. CoQ10 is endogenously produced in the body and also can be found in supplements or foods. CoQ10 has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects and plays a role in energy production and mitochondria stabilization, which are mechanisms, by which CoQ10 exerts its neuroprotective effects. Thus, in this review, we discussed the association between CoQ10 and neurological diseases, including AD, depression, MS, epilepsy, PD, LHON, ARCA2, SCAR9, and stroke. In addition, new therapeutic targets were introduced for the next drug discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shokufeh Bagheri
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Science and Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Rasool Haddadi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Science, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Sahar Saki
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Science and Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Kourosh-Arami
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masome Rashno
- Asadabad School of Medical Sciences, Asadabad, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Asadabad School of Medical Sciences, Asadabad, Iran
| | - Ali Mojaver
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Science and Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Alireza Komaki
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Science and Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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22
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Bakalova R, Lazarova D, Sumiyoshi A, Shibata S, Zhelev Z, Nikolova B, Semkova S, Vlaykova T, Aoki I, Higashi T. Redox-Cycling "Mitocans" as Effective New Developments in Anticancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098435. [PMID: 37176145 PMCID: PMC10179378 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Our study proposes a pharmacological strategy to target cancerous mitochondria via redox-cycling "mitocans" such as quinone/ascorbate (Q/A) redox-pairs, which makes cancer cells fragile and sensitive without adverse effects on normal cells and tissues. Eleven Q/A redox-pairs were tested on cultured cells and cancer-bearing mice. The following parameters were analyzed: cell proliferation/viability, mitochondrial superoxide, steady-state ATP, tissue redox-state, tumor-associated NADH oxidase (tNOX) expression, tumor growth, and survival. Q/A redox-pairs containing unprenylated quinones exhibited strong dose-dependent antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects on cancer cells, accompanied by overproduction of mitochondrial superoxide and accelerated ATP depletion. In normal cells, the same redox-pairs did not significantly affect the viability and energy homeostasis, but induced mild mitochondrial oxidative stress, which is well tolerated. Benzoquinone/ascorbate redox-pairs were more effective than naphthoquinone/ascorbate, with coenzyme Q0/ascorbate exhibiting the most pronounced anticancer effects in vitro and in vivo. Targeted anticancer effects of Q/A redox-pairs and their tolerance to normal cells and tissues are attributed to: (i) downregulation of quinone prenylation in cancer, leading to increased mitochondrial production of semiquinone and, consequently, superoxide; (ii) specific and accelerated redox-cycling of unprenylated quinones and ascorbate mainly in the impaired cancerous mitochondria due to their redox imbalance; and (iii) downregulation of tNOX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumiana Bakalova
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Chiba 263-8555, Japan
- Faculty of Medicine, Sofia University, St. Kliment Ohridski, 1407 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Dessislava Lazarova
- Faculty of Medicine, Sofia University, St. Kliment Ohridski, 1407 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Akira Sumiyoshi
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Sayaka Shibata
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Zhivko Zhelev
- Faculty of Medicine, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Biliana Nikolova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Severina Semkova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Tatyana Vlaykova
- Faculty of Medicine, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Ichio Aoki
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Higashi
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Chiba 263-8555, Japan
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Gvozdjáková A, Kucharská J, Rausová Z, Lopéz-Lluch G, Navas P, Palacka P, Bartolčičová B, Sumbalová Z. Effect of Vaccination on Platelet Mitochondrial Bioenergy Function of Patients with Post-Acute COVID-19. Viruses 2023; 15:v15051085. [PMID: 37243171 DOI: 10.3390/v15051085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial dysfunction and redox cellular imbalance indicate crucial function in COVID-19 pathogenesis. Since 11 March 2020, a global pandemic, health crisis and economic disruption has been caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus. Vaccination is considered one of the most effective strategies for preventing viral infection. We tested the hypothesis that preventive vaccination affects the reduced bioenergetics of platelet mitochondria and the biosynthesis of endogenous coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) in patients with post-acute COVID-19. MATERIAL AND METHODS 10 vaccinated patients with post-acute COVID-19 (V + PAC19) and 10 unvaccinated patients with post-acute COVID-19 (PAC19) were included in the study. The control group (C) consisted of 16 healthy volunteers. Platelet mitochondrial bioenergy function was determined with HRR method. CoQ10, γ-tocopherol, α-tocopherol and β-carotene were determined by HPLC, TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) were determined spectrophotometrically. RESULTS Vaccination protected platelet mitochondrial bioenergy function but not endogenous CoQ10 levels, in patients with post-acute COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 virus infection prevented the reduction of platelet mitochondrial respiration and energy production. The mechanism of suppression of CoQ10 levels by SARS-CoV-2 virus is not fully known. Methods for the determination of CoQ10 and HRR can be used for monitoring of mitochondrial bioenergetics and targeted therapy of patients with post-acute COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gvozdjáková
- Pharmacobiochemical Laboratory of 3rd Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jarmila Kucharská
- Pharmacobiochemical Laboratory of 3rd Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Rausová
- Pharmacobiochemical Laboratory of 3rd Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Guillermo Lopéz-Lluch
- Centro Andaluz de Biologia del Desarrollo, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-3A and CIBERER, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Plácido Navas
- Centro Andaluz de Biologia del Desarrollo, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-3A and CIBERER, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Patrik Palacka
- 2nd Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Barbora Bartolčičová
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Slovak Technical University, 811 07 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Sumbalová
- Pharmacobiochemical Laboratory of 3rd Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Pisani A, Paciello F, Montuoro R, Rolesi R, Galli J, Fetoni AR. Antioxidant Therapy as an Effective Strategy against Noise-Induced Hearing Loss: From Experimental Models to Clinic. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13041035. [PMID: 37109564 PMCID: PMC10144536 DOI: 10.3390/life13041035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cochlear redox unbalance is the main mechanism of damage involved in the pathogenesis of noise-induced-hearing loss. Indeed, the increased free radical production, in conjunction with a reduced efficacy of the endogenous antioxidant system, plays a key role in cochlear damage induced by noise exposure. For this reason, several studies focused on the possibility to use exogenous antioxidant to prevent or attenuate noise-induce injury. Thus, several antioxidant molecules, alone or in combination with other compounds, have been tested in both experimental and clinical settings. In our findings, we tested the protective effects of several antioxidant enzymes, spanning from organic compounds to natural compounds, such as nutraceuticals of polyphenols. In this review, we summarize and discuss the strengths and weaknesses of antioxidant supplementation focusing on polyphenols, Q-Ter, the soluble form of CoQ10, Vitamin E and N-acetil-cysteine, which showed great otoprotective effects in different animal models of noise induced hearing loss and which has been proposed in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pisani
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabiola Paciello
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaele Montuoro
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Rolando Rolesi
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Jacopo Galli
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Fetoni
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry-Audiology Section, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
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25
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Monfrini E, Pesini A, Biella F, Sobreira CFR, Emmanuele V, Brescia G, Lopez LC, Tadesse S, Hirano M, Comi GP, Quinzii CM, Di Fonzo A. Whole-Exome Sequencing Study of Fibroblasts Derived From Patients With Cerebellar Ataxia Referred to Investigate CoQ10 Deficiency. NEUROLOGY GENETICS 2023; 9:e200058. [PMID: 37090936 PMCID: PMC10117701 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000200058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Background and ObjectivesCoenzyme Q10(CoQ10)–deficient cerebellar ataxia can be due to pathogenic variants in genes encoding for CoQ10biosynthetic proteins or associated with defects in protein unrelated to its biosynthesis. Diagnosis is crucial because patients may respond favorably to CoQ10supplementation. The aim of this study was to identify through whole-exome sequencing (WES) the pathogenic variants, and assess CoQ10levels, in fibroblasts from patients with undiagnosed cerebellar ataxia referred to investigate CoQ10deficiency.MethodsWES was performed on genomic DNA extracted from 16 patients. Sequencing data were filtered using a virtual panel of genes associated with CoQ10deficiency and/or cerebellar ataxia. CoQ10levels were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography in 14 patient-derived fibroblasts.ResultsA definite genetic etiology was identified in 8 samples of 16 (diagnostic yield = 50%). The identified genetic causes were pathogenic variants of the genesCOQ8A(ADCK3) (n = 3 samples),ATP1A3(n = 2),PLA2G6(n = 1),SPG7(n = 1), andMFSD8(n = 1). Five novel mutations were found (COQ8An = 3,PLA2G6n = 1, andMFSD8n = 1). CoQ10levels were significantly decreased in 3/14 fibroblast samples (21.4%), 1 carrying compound heterozygousCOQ8Apathogenic variants, 1 harboring a homozygous pathogenicSPG7variant, and 1 with an unknown molecular defect.DiscussionThis work confirms the importance ofCOQ8Agene mutations as a frequent genetic cause of cerebellar ataxia and CoQ10deficiency and suggestsSPG7mutations as a novel cause of secondary CoQ10deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Monfrini
- Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (E.M., G.B., A.D.F.), Neurology Unit, Milan, Italy; Dino Ferrari Center (E.M., F.B., G.P.C.), Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (A.P., V.E., S.T., M.H., C.M.Q.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Universidade de São Paulo (C.F.R.S.), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Department of Neurosciences, Brazil; Departamento de Fisiología (L.C.L.), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica (L.C.L.), Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, Spain
| | - Alba Pesini
- Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (E.M., G.B., A.D.F.), Neurology Unit, Milan, Italy; Dino Ferrari Center (E.M., F.B., G.P.C.), Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (A.P., V.E., S.T., M.H., C.M.Q.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Universidade de São Paulo (C.F.R.S.), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Department of Neurosciences, Brazil; Departamento de Fisiología (L.C.L.), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica (L.C.L.), Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, Spain
| | - Fabio Biella
- Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (E.M., G.B., A.D.F.), Neurology Unit, Milan, Italy; Dino Ferrari Center (E.M., F.B., G.P.C.), Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (A.P., V.E., S.T., M.H., C.M.Q.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Universidade de São Paulo (C.F.R.S.), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Department of Neurosciences, Brazil; Departamento de Fisiología (L.C.L.), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica (L.C.L.), Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, Spain
| | - Claudia F R Sobreira
- Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (E.M., G.B., A.D.F.), Neurology Unit, Milan, Italy; Dino Ferrari Center (E.M., F.B., G.P.C.), Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (A.P., V.E., S.T., M.H., C.M.Q.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Universidade de São Paulo (C.F.R.S.), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Department of Neurosciences, Brazil; Departamento de Fisiología (L.C.L.), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica (L.C.L.), Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, Spain
| | - Valentina Emmanuele
- Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (E.M., G.B., A.D.F.), Neurology Unit, Milan, Italy; Dino Ferrari Center (E.M., F.B., G.P.C.), Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (A.P., V.E., S.T., M.H., C.M.Q.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Universidade de São Paulo (C.F.R.S.), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Department of Neurosciences, Brazil; Departamento de Fisiología (L.C.L.), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica (L.C.L.), Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, Spain
| | - Gloria Brescia
- Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (E.M., G.B., A.D.F.), Neurology Unit, Milan, Italy; Dino Ferrari Center (E.M., F.B., G.P.C.), Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (A.P., V.E., S.T., M.H., C.M.Q.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Universidade de São Paulo (C.F.R.S.), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Department of Neurosciences, Brazil; Departamento de Fisiología (L.C.L.), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica (L.C.L.), Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, Spain
| | - Luis Carlos Lopez
- Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (E.M., G.B., A.D.F.), Neurology Unit, Milan, Italy; Dino Ferrari Center (E.M., F.B., G.P.C.), Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (A.P., V.E., S.T., M.H., C.M.Q.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Universidade de São Paulo (C.F.R.S.), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Department of Neurosciences, Brazil; Departamento de Fisiología (L.C.L.), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica (L.C.L.), Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, Spain
| | - Saba Tadesse
- Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (E.M., G.B., A.D.F.), Neurology Unit, Milan, Italy; Dino Ferrari Center (E.M., F.B., G.P.C.), Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (A.P., V.E., S.T., M.H., C.M.Q.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Universidade de São Paulo (C.F.R.S.), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Department of Neurosciences, Brazil; Departamento de Fisiología (L.C.L.), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica (L.C.L.), Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, Spain
| | - Michio Hirano
- Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (E.M., G.B., A.D.F.), Neurology Unit, Milan, Italy; Dino Ferrari Center (E.M., F.B., G.P.C.), Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (A.P., V.E., S.T., M.H., C.M.Q.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Universidade de São Paulo (C.F.R.S.), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Department of Neurosciences, Brazil; Departamento de Fisiología (L.C.L.), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica (L.C.L.), Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, Spain
| | - Giacomo P Comi
- Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (E.M., G.B., A.D.F.), Neurology Unit, Milan, Italy; Dino Ferrari Center (E.M., F.B., G.P.C.), Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (A.P., V.E., S.T., M.H., C.M.Q.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Universidade de São Paulo (C.F.R.S.), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Department of Neurosciences, Brazil; Departamento de Fisiología (L.C.L.), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica (L.C.L.), Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, Spain
| | - Catarina Maria Quinzii
- Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (E.M., G.B., A.D.F.), Neurology Unit, Milan, Italy; Dino Ferrari Center (E.M., F.B., G.P.C.), Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (A.P., V.E., S.T., M.H., C.M.Q.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Universidade de São Paulo (C.F.R.S.), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Department of Neurosciences, Brazil; Departamento de Fisiología (L.C.L.), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica (L.C.L.), Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, Spain
| | - Alessio Di Fonzo
- Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (E.M., G.B., A.D.F.), Neurology Unit, Milan, Italy; Dino Ferrari Center (E.M., F.B., G.P.C.), Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (A.P., V.E., S.T., M.H., C.M.Q.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Universidade de São Paulo (C.F.R.S.), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Department of Neurosciences, Brazil; Departamento de Fisiología (L.C.L.), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica (L.C.L.), Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, Spain
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Gvozdjáková A, Sumbalová Z, Kucharská J, Rausová Z, Kovalčíková E, Takácsová T, Navas P, López-Lluch G, Mojto V, Palacka P. Mountain spa rehabilitation improved health of patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome: pilot study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:14200-14211. [PMID: 36151435 PMCID: PMC9510276 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22949-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
European Association of Spa Rehabilitation (ESPA) recommends spa rehabilitation for patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome. We tested the hypothesis that a high-altitude environment with clean air and targeted spa rehabilitation (MR - mountain spa rehabilitation) can contribute to the improving platelet mitochondrial bioenergetics, to accelerating patient health and to the reducing socioeconomic problems. Fifteen healthy volunteers and fourteen patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome were included in the study. All parameters were determined before MR (MR1) and 16-18 days after MR (MR2). Platelet mitochondrial respiration and OXPHOS were evaluated using high resolution respirometry method, coenzyme Q10 level was determined by HPLC, and concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) as a parameter of lipid peroxidation was determined spectrophotometrically. This pilot study showed significant improvement of clinical symptoms, lungs function, and regeneration of reduced CI-linked platelet mitochondrial respiration after MR in patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome. High-altitude environment with spa rehabilitation can be recommended for the acceleration of recovery of patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gvozdjáková
- Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacobiochemical Laboratory of 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Sumbalová
- Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacobiochemical Laboratory of 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jarmila Kucharská
- Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacobiochemical Laboratory of 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Rausová
- Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacobiochemical Laboratory of 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | - Timea Takácsová
- Sanatorium of Dr. Guhr, 059 81 High Tatras, Tatranská, Polianka, Slovakia
| | - Plácido Navas
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, and CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Guillermo López-Lluch
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, and CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Viliam Mojto
- Faculty of Medicine and UNB, 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Derer’s Hospital in Bratislava, Comenius University in Bratislava, Limbová 5, 833 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Patrik Palacka
- Faculty of Medicine, 2nd Department of Oncology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Klenová 1, 833 10 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Henry ML, Wesolowski LT, Pagan JD, Simons JL, Valberg SJ, White-Springer SH. Impact of Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation on Skeletal Muscle Respiration, Antioxidants, and the Muscle Proteome in Thoroughbred Horses. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:263. [PMID: 36829821 PMCID: PMC9951987 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is an essential component of the mitochondrial electron transfer system and a potent antioxidant. The impact of CoQ10 supplementation on mitochondrial capacities and the muscle proteome is largely unknown. This study determined the effect of CoQ10 supplementation on muscle CoQ10 concentrations, antioxidant balance, the proteome, and mitochondrial respiratory capacities. In a randomized cross-over design, six Thoroughbred horses received 1600 mg/d CoQ10 or no supplement (control) for 30-d periods separated by a 60-d washout. Muscle samples were taken at the end of each period. Muscle CoQ10 and glutathione (GSH) concentrations were determined using mass spectrometry, antioxidant activities by fluorometry, mitochondrial enzyme activities and oxidative stress by colorimetry, and mitochondrial respiratory capacities by high-resolution respirometry. Data were analyzed using mixed linear models with period, supplementation, and period × supplementation as fixed effects and horse as a repeated effect. Proteomics was performed by tandem mass tag 11-plex analysis and permutation testing with FDR < 0.05. Concentrations of muscle CoQ10 (p = 0.07), GSH (p = 0.75), and malondialdehyde (p = 0.47), as well as activities of superoxide dismutase (p = 0.16) and catalase (p = 0.66), did not differ, whereas glutathione peroxidase activity (p = 0.003) was lower when horses received CoQ10 compared to no supplement. Intrinsic (relative to citrate synthase activity) electron transfer capacity with complex II (ECII) was greater, and the contribution of complex I to maximal electron transfer capacity (FCRPCI and FCRPCIG) was lower when horses received CoQ10 with no impact of CoQ10 on mitochondrial volume density. Decreased expression of subunits in complexes I, III, and IV, as well as tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) enzymes, was noted in proteomics when horses received CoQ10. We conclude that with CoQ10 supplementation, decreased expression of TCA cycle enzymes that produce NADH and complex I subunits, which utilize NADH together with enhanced electron transfer capacity via complex II, supports an enhanced reliance on substrates supplying complex II during mitochondrial respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa L. Henry
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Lauren T. Wesolowski
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University and Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Joe D. Pagan
- Kentucky Equine Research, Versailles, KY 40383, USA
| | - Jessica L. Simons
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University and Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Kentucky Equine Research, Versailles, KY 40383, USA
| | - Stephanie J. Valberg
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Sarah H. White-Springer
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University and Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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Mthembu SXH, Orlando P, Silvestri S, Ziqubu K, Mazibuko-Mbeje SE, Mabhida SE, Nyambuya TM, Nkambule BB, Muller CJF, Basson AK, Tiano L, Dludla PV. Impact of dyslipidemia in the development of cardiovascular complications: Delineating the potential therapeutic role of coenzyme Q 10. Biochimie 2023; 204:33-40. [PMID: 36067903 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Dyslipidemia is one of the major risk factors for the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). This metabolic anomality is implicated in the generation of oxidative stress, an inevitable process involved in destructive mechanisms leading to myocardial damage. Fortunately, commonly used drugs like statins can counteract the detrimental effects of dyslipidemia by lowering cholesterol to reduce CVD-risk in patients with T2D. Statins mainly function by blocking the production of cholesterol by targeting the mevalonate pathway. However, by blocking cholesterol synthesis, statins coincidently inhibit the synthesis of other essential isoprenoid intermediates of the mevalonate pathway like farnesyl pyrophosphate and coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10). The latter is by far the most important co-factor and co-enzyme required for efficient mitochondrial oxidative capacity, in addition to its robust antioxidant properties. In fact, supplementation with CoQ10 has been found to be beneficial in ameliorating oxidative stress and improving blood flow in subjects with mild dyslipidemia.. Beyond discussing the destructive effects of oxidative stress in dyslipidemia-induced CVD-related complications, the current review brings a unique perspective in exploring the mevalonate pathway to block cholesterol synthesis while enhancing or maintaining CoQ10 levels in conditions of dyslipidemia. Furthermore, this review disscusses the therapeutic potential of bioactive compounds in targeting the downstream of the mevalonate pathway, more importantly, their ability to block cholesterol while maintaining CoQ10 biosynthesis to protect against the destructive complications of dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinenhlanhla X H Mthembu
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry, Mafikeng Campus, Northwest University, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa
| | - Patrick Orlando
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, 60131, Italy
| | - Sonia Silvestri
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, 60131, Italy
| | - Khanyisani Ziqubu
- Department of Biochemistry, Mafikeng Campus, Northwest University, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa
| | | | - Sihle E Mabhida
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa
| | - Tawanda M Nyambuya
- Department of Health Sciences, Namibia University of Science and Technology, Windhoek, 9000, Namibia
| | - Bongani B Nkambule
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Christo J F Muller
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa; Centre for Cardiometabolic Research Africa (CARMA), Division of Medical Physiology, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, 3886, South Africa
| | - Albertus K Basson
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, 3886, South Africa
| | - Luca Tiano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, 60131, Italy
| | - Phiwayinkosi V Dludla
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa.
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29
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Deshwal S, Onishi M, Tatsuta T, Bartsch T, Cors E, Ried K, Lemke K, Nolte H, Giavalisco P, Langer T. Mitochondria regulate intracellular coenzyme Q transport and ferroptotic resistance via STARD7. Nat Cell Biol 2023; 25:246-257. [PMID: 36658222 PMCID: PMC9928583 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-022-01071-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (or ubiquinone) is a redox-active lipid that serves as universal electron carrier in the mitochondrial respiratory chain and antioxidant in the plasma membrane limiting lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis. Mechanisms allowing cellular coenzyme Q distribution after synthesis within mitochondria are not understood. Here we identify the cytosolic lipid transfer protein STARD7 as a critical factor of intracellular coenzyme Q transport and suppressor of ferroptosis. Dual localization of STARD7 to the intermembrane space of mitochondria and the cytosol upon cleavage by the rhomboid protease PARL ensures the synthesis of coenzyme Q in mitochondria and its transport to the plasma membrane. While mitochondrial STARD7 preserves coenzyme Q synthesis, oxidative phosphorylation function and cristae morphogenesis, cytosolic STARD7 is required for the transport of coenzyme Q to the plasma membrane and protects against ferroptosis. A coenzyme Q variant competes with phosphatidylcholine for binding to purified STARD7 in vitro. Overexpression of cytosolic STARD7 increases ferroptotic resistance of the cells, but limits coenzyme Q abundance in mitochondria and respiratory cell growth. Our findings thus demonstrate the need to coordinate coenzyme Q synthesis and cellular distribution by PARL-mediated STARD7 processing and identify PARL and STARD7 as promising targets to interfere with ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soni Deshwal
- grid.419502.b0000 0004 0373 6590Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mashun Onishi
- grid.419502.b0000 0004 0373 6590Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Takashi Tatsuta
- grid.419502.b0000 0004 0373 6590Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tim Bartsch
- grid.419502.b0000 0004 0373 6590Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Eileen Cors
- grid.419502.b0000 0004 0373 6590Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Katharina Ried
- grid.419502.b0000 0004 0373 6590Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kathrin Lemke
- grid.419502.b0000 0004 0373 6590Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hendrik Nolte
- grid.419502.b0000 0004 0373 6590Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Patrick Giavalisco
- grid.419502.b0000 0004 0373 6590Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Langer
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany. .,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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30
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Manicki M, Aydin H, Abriata LA, Overmyer KA, Guerra RM, Coon JJ, Dal Peraro M, Frost A, Pagliarini DJ. Structure and functionality of a multimeric human COQ7:COQ9 complex. Mol Cell 2022; 82:4307-4323.e10. [PMID: 36306796 PMCID: PMC10058641 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is a redox-active lipid essential for core metabolic pathways and antioxidant defense. CoQ is synthesized upon the mitochondrial inner membrane by an ill-defined "complex Q" metabolon. Here, we present structure-function analyses of a lipid-, substrate-, and NADH-bound complex comprising two complex Q subunits: the hydroxylase COQ7 and the lipid-binding protein COQ9. We reveal that COQ7 adopts a ferritin-like fold with a hydrophobic channel whose substrate-binding capacity is enhanced by COQ9. Using molecular dynamics, we further show that two COQ7:COQ9 heterodimers form a curved tetramer that deforms the membrane, potentially opening a pathway for the CoQ intermediates to translocate from the bilayer to the proteins' lipid-binding sites. Two such tetramers assemble into a soluble octamer with a pseudo-bilayer of lipids captured within. Together, these observations indicate that COQ7 and COQ9 cooperate to access hydrophobic precursors within the membrane and coordinate subsequent synthesis steps toward producing CoQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Manicki
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Halil Aydin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Luciano A Abriata
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Protein Production and Structure Core Facility, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Katherine A Overmyer
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA; National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53562, USA; Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53562, USA
| | - Rachel M Guerra
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Joshua J Coon
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA; National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53562, USA; Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53562, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53506, USA
| | - Matteo Dal Peraro
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Adam Frost
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub and Altos Labs Bay Area Institute of Science, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - David J Pagliarini
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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31
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Gherardi G, Corbioli G, Ruzza F, Rizzuto R. CoQ 10 and Resveratrol Effects to Ameliorate Aged-Related Mitochondrial Dysfunctions. Nutrients 2022; 14:4326. [PMID: 36297010 PMCID: PMC9611139 DOI: 10.3390/nu14204326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria participate in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Firstly, mitochondria regulate energy metabolism through oxidative phosphorylation. In addition, they are involved in cell fate decisions by activating the apoptotic intrinsic pathway. Finally, they work as intracellular signaling hubs as a result of their tight regulation of ion and metabolite concentrations and other critical signaling molecules such as ROS. Aging is a multifactorial process triggered by impairments in different cellular components. Among the various molecular pathways involved, mitochondria are key regulators of longevity. Indeed, mitochondrial deterioration is a critical signature of the aging process. In this scenario, we will focus specifically on the age-related decrease in CoQ levels, an essential component of the electron transport chain (ETC) and an antioxidant, and how CoQ supplementation could benefit the aging process. Generally, any treatment that improves and sustains mitochondrial functionality is a good candidate to counteract age-related mitochondrial dysfunctions. In recent years, heightened attention has been given to natural compounds that modulate mitochondrial function. One of the most famous is resveratrol due to its ability to increase mitochondrial biogenesis and work as an antioxidant agent. This review will discuss recent clinical trials and meta-analyses based on resveratrol and CoQ supplementation, focusing on how these compounds could improve mitochondrial functionality during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Gherardi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Giovanni Corbioli
- Solgar Italia Multinutrient Spa, Via Prima Strada 23/3, 35129 Padova, Italy
| | - Filippo Ruzza
- Solgar Italia Multinutrient Spa, Via Prima Strada 23/3, 35129 Padova, Italy
| | - Rosario Rizzuto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
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32
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Bao T, Feng L, Cho S, Yu H, Jin W, Dai L, Zhang J, Bai L, Fu M, Chen Y. RNA-Seq Reveals Protective Mechanisms of Mongolian Medicine Molor-Dabos-4 on Acute Indomethacin-Induced Gastric Ulcers in Rats. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13101740. [PMID: 36292625 PMCID: PMC9602025 DOI: 10.3390/genes13101740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to apply transcriptomics to determine how Molor-Dabos-4 (MD-4) protects healthy rats against indomethacin (IND)-induced gastric ulcers and to identify the mechanism behind this protective effect. Rats were pretreated with MD-4 (0.3, 1.5, or 3 g/kg per day) for 21 days before inducing gastric ulcers by oral administration with indomethacin (30 mg/kg). Unulcerated and untreated healthy rats were used as controls. Effects of the treatment were assessed based on the ulcer index, histological and pathological examinations, and indicators of inflammation, which were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Transcriptomic analysis was performed for identifying potential pharmacological mechanisms. Eventually, after identifying potential target genes, the latter were validated by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). After pretreatment with MD-4, gastric ulcers, along with other histopathological features, were reduced. MD-4 significantly (p < 0.05) increased the superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels in ulcers and reduced pepsin, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels. RNA-seq analysis identified a number of target genes on which MD-4 could potentially act. Many of these genes were involved in pathways that were linked to anti-inflammatory and antioxidant responses, and other protective mechanisms for the gastric mucosa. qRT-PCR showed that altered expression of the selected genes, such as Srm, Ryr-1, Eno3, Prkag3, and Eef1a2, was consistent with the transcriptome results. MD-4 exerts protective effects against IND-induced gastric ulcers by reducing inflammatory cytokines and pepsin and increasing the expression of SOD levels. Downregulation of Srm, Ryr-1, Eno3, Prkag3, and Eef1a2 genes involved in regulating arginine and proline metabolism, calcium signaling pathway, HIF-1 signaling pathway, oxytocin signaling pathway, and legionellosis are possibly involved in MD-4-mediated protection against gastric ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terigele Bao
- NMPA Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Mongolian Medicine), School of Mongolian Medicine, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Lan Feng
- NMPA Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Mongolian Medicine), School of Mongolian Medicine, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Sungbo Cho
- NMPA Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Mongolian Medicine), School of Mongolian Medicine, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Hongzhen Yu
- NMPA Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Mongolian Medicine), School of Mongolian Medicine, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Wenjie Jin
- NMPA Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Mongolian Medicine), School of Mongolian Medicine, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Lili Dai
- NMPA Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Mongolian Medicine), School of Mongolian Medicine, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Junqing Zhang
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Laxinamujila Bai
- NMPA Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Mongolian Medicine), School of Mongolian Medicine, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Minghai Fu
- NMPA Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Mongolian Medicine), School of Mongolian Medicine, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
- Correspondence: (M.F.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- NMPA Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Mongolian Medicine), School of Mongolian Medicine, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China
- Correspondence: (M.F.); (Y.C.)
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33
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González-García P, Díaz-Casado ME, Hidalgo-Gutiérrez A, Jiménez-Sánchez L, Bakkali M, Barriocanal-Casado E, Escames G, Chiozzi RZ, Völlmy F, Zaal EA, Berkers CR, Heck AJR, López LC. The Q-junction and the inflammatory response are critical pathological and therapeutic factors in CoQ deficiency. Redox Biol 2022; 55:102403. [PMID: 35863266 PMCID: PMC9301574 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Defects in Coenzyme Q (CoQ) metabolism have been associated with primary mitochondrial disorders, neurodegenerative diseases and metabolic conditions. The consequences of CoQ deficiency have not been fully addressed, and effective treatment remains challenging. Here, we use mice with primary CoQ deficiency (Coq9R239X), and we demonstrate that CoQ deficiency profoundly alters the Q-junction, leading to extensive changes in the mitochondrial proteome and metabolism in the kidneys and, to a lesser extent, in the brain. CoQ deficiency also induces reactive gliosis, which mediates a neuroinflammatory response, both of which lead to an encephalopathic phenotype. Importantly, treatment with either vanillic acid (VA) or β-resorcylic acid (β-RA), two analogs of the natural precursor for CoQ biosynthesis, partially restores CoQ metabolism, particularly in the kidneys, and induces profound normalization of the mitochondrial proteome and metabolism, ultimately leading to reductions in gliosis, neuroinflammation and spongiosis and, consequently, reversing the phenotype. Together, these results provide key mechanistic insights into defects in CoQ metabolism and identify potential disease biomarkers. Furthermore, our findings clearly indicate that the use of analogs of the CoQ biosynthetic precursor is a promising alternative therapy for primary CoQ deficiency and has potential for use in the treatment of more common neurodegenerative and metabolic diseases that are associated with secondary CoQ deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar González-García
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - María Elena Díaz-Casado
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Agustín Hidalgo-Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Mohammed Bakkali
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Eliana Barriocanal-Casado
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Genomic Medicine Department, Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Regional Government, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Germaine Escames
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Riccardo Zenezini Chiozzi
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584CH, Utrecht, Netherlands; Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Franziska Völlmy
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584CH, Utrecht, Netherlands; Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Esther A Zaal
- Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Division of Cell Biology, Metabolism & Cancer, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3508 TD, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Celia R Berkers
- Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Division of Cell Biology, Metabolism & Cancer, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3508 TD, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Albert J R Heck
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584CH, Utrecht, Netherlands; Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Luis C López
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain.
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Plasma CoQ10 Status in Patients with Propionic Acidaemia and Possible Benefit of Treatment with Ubiquinol. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081588. [PMID: 36009307 PMCID: PMC9405378 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Propionic acidaemia (PA) is an innate error of metabolism involving a deficiency in the enzyme propionyl-CoA carboxylase. Better control of acute decompensation episodes together with better treatment and monitoring have improved the prognosis of patients with this problem. However, long-term complications can arise in those in whom good metabolic control is achieved, the result of mitochondrial dysfunction caused by deficient anaplerosis, increased oxidative stress, and reduced antioxidative capacity. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a nutritional supplement that has a notable antioxidative effect and has been shown to improve mitochondrial function. The present prospective, interventional study examines the plasma concentration of CoQ10 in patients with PA, their tolerance of such supplementation with ubiquinol, and its benefits. Seven patients with PA (aged 2.5 to 20 years, 4 males) received supplements of CoQ10 in the form of ubiquinol (10 mg/kg/day for 6 months). A total of 6/7 patients showed reduced plasma CoQ10 concentrations that normalized after supplementation with ubiquinol (p-value < 0.001), which was well tolerated. Urinary citrate levels markedly increased during the study (p-value: 0.001), together with elevation of citrate/methlycitrate ratio (p-value: 0.03). No other significant changes were seen in plasma or urine biomarkers of PA. PA patients showed a deficiency of plasma CoQ10, which supplementation with ubiquinol corrected. The urinary excretion of Krebs cycle intermediate citrate and the citrate/methylcitrate ratio significantly increased compared to the baseline, suggesting improvement in anaplerosis. This treatment was well tolerated and should be further investigated as a means of preventing the chronic complications associated with likely multifactorial mitochondrial dysfunction in PA.
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Kuo MC, Lu YC, Tai CH, Soong BW, Hu FC, Chen ML, Lin CH, Wu RM. COQ2 and SNCA polymorphisms interact with environmental factors to modulate the risk of multiple system atrophy and subtype disposition. Eur J Neurol 2022; 29:2956-2966. [PMID: 35748722 DOI: 10.1111/ene.15475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple system atrophy (MSA) has no definitive genetic or environmental (G-E) risk factors, and the integrated effect of these factors on MSA etiology remains unknown. OBJECTIVE To investigate the integrated effect of G-E factors associated with MSA and its subtypes, MSA-P and MSA-C. METHODS A consecutive case-control study was conducted in two medical centers, and the interactions between genotypes of five previously reported susceptible single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; SNCA_rs3857059, SNCA_rs11931074, COQ2_rs148156462, EDN1_rs16872704, MAPT_rs9303521) and graded exposure (never, ever, current) of four environmental factors (smoking, alcohol, drinking well water, pesticide exposure) were analyzed by a stepwise logistic regression model. RESULTS A total of 207 MSA patients and 136 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled. In addition to SNP COQ2_rs148156462 (TT), MSA risk was correlated with G-E interactions, including COQ2_rs148156462 (Tc) × pesticide non-exposure, COQ2_rs148156462 (TT) × current smokers, SNCA_rs11931074 (tt) × alcohol non-users, and SNCA_rs11931074 (GG) × well water non-drinkers (all p < 0.01), with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.804 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.671-0.847). Modulated risk of MSA-C, with MSA-P as a control, correlated with COQ2_rs148156462 (TT) × alcohol non-drinkers, SNCA_rs11931074 (GG) × well-water ever-drinkers, SNCA_rs11931074 (Gt) × well-water never-drinkers, and SNCA_rs3857059 (gg) × pesticide non-exposure (all p < 0.05), with an AUC of 0.749 (95% CI: 0.683-0.815). CONCLUSIONS Certain COQ2 and SNCA SNPs interact with common environmental factors to modulate MSA etiology and subtype disposition. The mechanisms underlying the observed correlation between G-E interactions and MSA etiopathogenesis warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Che Kuo
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Che Lu
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, National Taiwan University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hwei Tai
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Wen Soong
- Department of Neurology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Chang Hu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine and School of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Ling Chen
- College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Hsien Lin
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ruey-Meei Wu
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Heart Failure—Do We Need New Drugs or Have Them Already? A Case of Coenzyme Q10. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2022; 9:jcdd9050161. [PMID: 35621872 PMCID: PMC9143244 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9050161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a global epidemic that contributes to the deterioration of quality of life and its shortening in 1–3% of adult people in the world. Pharmacotherapy of HF should rely on highly effective drugs that improve prognosis and prolong life. Currently, the ESC guidelines from 2021 indicate that ACEI, ARNI, BB, and SGLT2 inhibitors are the first-line drugs in HF. It is also worth remembering that the use of coenzyme Q10 brought many benefits in patients with HF. Coenzyme Q10 is a very important compound that performs many functions in the human body. The most important function of coenzyme Q10 is participation in the production of energy in the mitochondria, which determines the proper functioning of all cells, tissues, and organs. The highest concentration of coenzyme Q10 is found in the tissue of the heart muscle. As the body ages, the concentration of coenzyme Q10 in the tissue of the heart muscle decreases, which makes it more susceptible to damage by free radicals. It has been shown that in patients with HF, the aggravation of disease symptoms is inversely related to the concentration of coenzyme Q10. Importantly, the concentration of coenzyme Q10 in patients with HF was an important predictor of the risk of death. Long-term coenzyme Q10 supplementation at a dose of 300 mg/day (Q-SYMBIO study) has been shown to significantly improve heart function and prognosis in patients with HF. This article summarizes the latest and most important data on CoQ10 in pathogenesis.
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Tian C, Liu Y, Li Z, Zhu P, Zhao M. Mitochondria Related Cell Death Modalities and Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:832356. [PMID: 35321239 PMCID: PMC8935059 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.832356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are well known as the centre of energy metabolism in eukaryotic cells. However, they can not only generate ATP through the tricarboxylic acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation but also control the mode of cell death through various mechanisms, especially regulated cell death (RCD), such as apoptosis, mitophagy, NETosis, pyroptosis, necroptosis, entosis, parthanatos, ferroptosis, alkaliptosis, autosis, clockophagy and oxeiptosis. These mitochondria-associated modes of cell death can lead to a variety of diseases. During cell growth, these modes of cell death are programmed, meaning that they can be induced or predicted. Mitochondria-based treatments have been shown to be effective in many trials. Therefore, mitochondria have great potential for the treatment of many diseases. In this review, we discuss how mitochondria are involved in modes of cell death, as well as basic research and the latest clinical progress in related fields. We also detail a variety of organ system diseases related to mitochondria, including nervous system diseases, cardiovascular diseases, digestive system diseases, respiratory diseases, endocrine diseases, urinary system diseases and cancer. We highlight the role that mitochondria play in these diseases and suggest possible therapeutic directions as well as pressing issues that need to be addressed today. Because of the key role of mitochondria in cell death, a comprehensive understanding of mitochondria can help provide more effective strategies for clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuwen Tian
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yifan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhuoshu Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ping Zhu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Ping Zhu, ; Mingyi Zhao,
| | - Mingyi Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Ping Zhu, ; Mingyi Zhao,
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Angelini G, Mura G, Messina G. Therapeutic approaches to preserve the musculature in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: The importance of the secondary therapies. Exp Cell Res 2022; 410:112968. [PMID: 34883113 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Muscular dystrophies (MDs) are heterogeneous diseases, characterized by primary wasting of skeletal muscle, which in severe cases, such as Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD), leads to wheelchair dependency, respiratory failure, and premature death. Research is ongoing to develop efficacious therapies, particularly for DMD. Most of the efforts, currently focusing on correcting or restoring the primary defect of MDs, are based on gene-addition, exon-skipping, stop codon read-through, and genome-editing. Although promising, most of them revealed several practical limitations. Shared knowledge in the field is that, in order to be really successful, any therapeutic approach has to rely on spared functional muscle tissue, restricting the number of patients eligible for clinical trials to the youngest and less compromised individuals. In line with this, many therapeutic strategies aim to preserve muscle tissue and function. This Review outlines the most interesting and recent studies addressing the secondary outcomes of DMD and how to better deliver the therapeutic agents. In the future, the effective treatment of DMD will likely require combinations of therapies addressing both the primary genetic defect and its consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Angelini
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Giada Mura
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Graziella Messina
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy.
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Xun Z, Wipf P, McMurray CT. XJB-5-131 Is a Mild Uncoupler of Oxidative Phosphorylation. J Huntingtons Dis 2022; 11:141-151. [PMID: 35404288 PMCID: PMC9798833 DOI: 10.3233/jhd-220539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondria (MT) are energy "powerhouses" of the cell and the decline in their function from oxidative damage is strongly correlated in many diseases. To suppress oxygen damage, we have developed and applied XJB-5-131 as a targeted platform for neutralizing reactive oxygen species (ROS) directly in MT. Although the beneficial activity of XJB-5-131 is well documented, the mechanism of its protective effects is not yet fully understood. OBJECTIVE Here, we elucidate the mechanism of protection for XJB-5-131, a mitochondrial targeted antioxidant and electron scavenger. METHODS The Seahorse Flux Analyzer was used to probe the respiratory states of isolated mouse brain mitochondria treated with XJB-5-131 compared to controls. RESULTS Surprisingly, there is no direct impact of XJB-5-131 radical scavenger on the electron flow through the electron transport chain. Rather, XJB-5-131 is a mild uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation. The nitroxide moiety in XJB-5-131 acts as a superoxide dismutase mimic, which both extracts or donates electrons during redox reactions. The electron scavenging activity of XJB-5-131 prevents the leakage of electrons and reduces formation of superoxide anion, thereby reducing ROS. CONCLUSION We show here that XJB-5-131 is a mild uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation in MT. The mild uncoupling property of XJB-5-131 arises from its redox properties, which exert a protective effect by reducing ROS-induced damage without sacrificing energy production. Because mitochondrial decline is a common and central feature of toxicity, the favorable properties of XJB-5-131 are likely to be useful in treating Huntington's disease and a wide spectrum of neurodegenerative diseases for which oxidative damage is a key component. The mild uncoupling properties of XJB-5-131 suggest a valuable mechanism of action for the design of clinically effective antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyin Xun
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Peter Wipf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Cynthia T. McMurray
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA,Correspondence to: Cynthia T. McMurray, Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. Tel.: +1 510 486 6526; Fax: +1 510 486 6880;
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Coenzyme Q at the Hinge of Health and Metabolic Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111785. [PMID: 34829656 PMCID: PMC8615162 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q is a unique lipidic molecule highly conserved in evolution and essential to maintaining aerobic metabolism. It is endogenously synthesized in all cells by a very complex pathway involving a group of nuclear genes that share high homology among species. This pathway is tightly regulated at transcription and translation, but also by environment and energy requirements. Here, we review how coenzyme Q reacts within mitochondria to promote ATP synthesis and also integrates a plethora of metabolic pathways and regulates mitochondrial oxidative stress. Coenzyme Q is also located in all cellular membranes and plasma lipoproteins in which it exerts antioxidant function, and its reaction with different extramitochondrial oxidoreductases contributes to regulate the cellular redox homeostasis and cytosolic oxidative stress, providing a key factor in controlling various apoptosis mechanisms. Coenzyme Q levels can be decreased in humans by defects in the biosynthesis pathway or by mitochondrial or cytosolic dysfunctions, leading to a highly heterogeneous group of mitochondrial diseases included in the coenzyme Q deficiency syndrome. We also review the importance of coenzyme Q levels and its reactions involved in aging and age-associated metabolic disorders, and how the strategy of its supplementation has had benefits for combating these diseases and for physical performance in aging.
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González-García P, Barriocanal-Casado E, Díaz-Casado ME, López-Herrador S, Hidalgo-Gutiérrez A, López LC. Animal Models of Coenzyme Q Deficiency: Mechanistic and Translational Learnings. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111687. [PMID: 34829558 PMCID: PMC8614664 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is a vital lipophilic molecule that is endogenously synthesized in the mitochondria of each cell. The CoQ biosynthetic pathway is complex and not completely characterized, and it involves at least thirteen catalytic and regulatory proteins. Once it is synthesized, CoQ exerts a wide variety of mitochondrial and extramitochondrial functions thank to its redox capacity and its lipophilicity. Thus, low levels of CoQ cause diseases with heterogeneous clinical symptoms, which are not always understood. The decreased levels of CoQ may be primary caused by defects in the CoQ biosynthetic pathway or secondarily associated with other diseases. In both cases, the pathomechanisms are related to the CoQ functions, although further experimental evidence is required to establish this association. The conventional treatment for CoQ deficiencies is the high doses of oral CoQ10 supplementation, but this therapy is not effective for some specific clinical presentations, especially in those involving the nervous system. To better understand the CoQ biosynthetic pathway, the biological functions linked to CoQ and the pathomechanisms of CoQ deficiencies, and to improve the therapeutic outcomes of this syndrome, a variety of animal models have been generated and characterized in the last decade. In this review, we show all the animal models available, remarking on the most important outcomes that each model has provided. Finally, we also comment some gaps and future research directions related to CoQ metabolism and how the current and novel animal models may help in the development of future research studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar González-García
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (E.B.-C.); (M.E.D.-C.); (S.L.-H.); (A.H.-G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: (P.G.-G.); (L.C.L.)
| | - Eliana Barriocanal-Casado
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (E.B.-C.); (M.E.D.-C.); (S.L.-H.); (A.H.-G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - María Elena Díaz-Casado
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (E.B.-C.); (M.E.D.-C.); (S.L.-H.); (A.H.-G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Sergio López-Herrador
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (E.B.-C.); (M.E.D.-C.); (S.L.-H.); (A.H.-G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Agustín Hidalgo-Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (E.B.-C.); (M.E.D.-C.); (S.L.-H.); (A.H.-G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Luis C. López
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (E.B.-C.); (M.E.D.-C.); (S.L.-H.); (A.H.-G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: (P.G.-G.); (L.C.L.)
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Ding XW, Robinson M, Li R, Aldhowayan H, Geetha T, Babu JR. Mitochondrial dysfunction and beneficial effects of mitochondria-targeted small peptide SS-31 in Diabetes Mellitus and Alzheimer's disease. Pharmacol Res 2021; 171:105783. [PMID: 34302976 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes and Alzheimer's disease are common chronic illnesses in the United States and lack clearly demonstrated therapeutics. Mitochondria, the "powerhouse of the cell", is involved in the homeostatic regulation of glucose, energy, and reduction/oxidation reactions. The mitochondria has been associated with the etiology of metabolic and neurological disorders through a dysfunction of regulation of reactive oxygen species. Mitochondria-targeted chemicals, such as the Szeto-Schiller-31 peptide, have advanced therapeutic potential through the inhibition of oxidative stress and the restoration of normal mitochondrial function as compared to traditional antioxidants, such as vitamin E. In this article, we summarize the pathophysiological relevance of the mitochondria and the beneficial effects of Szeto-Schiller-31 peptide in the treatment of Diabetes and Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Wen Ding
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Megan Robinson
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Rongzi Li
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Hadeel Aldhowayan
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Thangiah Geetha
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; Boshell Metabolic Diseases and Diabetes Program, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Jeganathan Ramesh Babu
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; Boshell Metabolic Diseases and Diabetes Program, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
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Donzel M, Karabiyikli D, Cotos L, Elhabiri M, Davioud‐Charvet E. Direct C−H Radical Alkylation of 1,4‐Quinones. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Donzel
- UMR7042 Université de Strasbourg-CNRS-UHA Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (LIMA) Team Bio (IN) organic and Medicinal Chemistry European School of Chemistry, Polymers and Materials (ECPM) 25 Rue Becquerel Strasbourg 67087 France
| | - Deniz Karabiyikli
- UMR7042 Université de Strasbourg-CNRS-UHA Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (LIMA) Team Bio (IN) organic and Medicinal Chemistry European School of Chemistry, Polymers and Materials (ECPM) 25 Rue Becquerel Strasbourg 67087 France
| | - Leandro Cotos
- UMR7042 Université de Strasbourg-CNRS-UHA Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (LIMA) Team Bio (IN) organic and Medicinal Chemistry European School of Chemistry, Polymers and Materials (ECPM) 25 Rue Becquerel Strasbourg 67087 France
| | - Mourad Elhabiri
- UMR7042 Université de Strasbourg-CNRS-UHA Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (LIMA) Team Bio (IN) organic and Medicinal Chemistry European School of Chemistry, Polymers and Materials (ECPM) 25 Rue Becquerel Strasbourg 67087 France
| | - Elisabeth Davioud‐Charvet
- UMR7042 Université de Strasbourg-CNRS-UHA Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (LIMA) Team Bio (IN) organic and Medicinal Chemistry European School of Chemistry, Polymers and Materials (ECPM) 25 Rue Becquerel Strasbourg 67087 France
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