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Chang CC, Wu CY, Wu CM, Wu CW, Wang YC, Lin GJ, Chien MS, Huang C. Cytotoxicity effect and transcriptome analysis of PCV3-infected cells revealed potential viral pathogenic mechanisms. Microb Pathog 2024; 192:106715. [PMID: 38810767 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) has become an important pathogen in the global swine industry and poses a threat to pig health, but its pathogenic mechanism remains unknown. In this study, we constructed an innovative, linear infectious clone of PCV3 for rescuing the virus, and explored the transcriptome of infected cells to gain insights into its pathogenic mechanisms. Subsequently, an in vivo experiment was conducted to evaluate the pathogenicity of the rescued virus in pig. PCV3 nucleic acid was distributed across various organs, indicating systemic circulation via the bloodstream and viremia. Immunohistochemical staining also revealed a significant presence of PCV3 antigens in the spleen, lungs, and lymph nodes, indicating that PCV3 had tropism for these organs. Transcriptome analysis of infected ST cells revealed differential expression of genes associated with apoptosis, immune responses, and cellular metabolism. Notably, upregulation of genes related to the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 pathway, glycolysis, and the AGE/RAGE pathway suggests activation of inflammatory responses, ultimately leading to onset of disease. These findings have expanded our understanding of PCV3 pathogenesis, and the interplay between PCV3 and host factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chun Chang
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ying Wu
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ming Wu
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Wei Wu
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan; Research Center for Animal Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Wang
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Guang-Jan Lin
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Maw-Sheng Chien
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan; Research Center for Animal Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan.
| | - Chienjin Huang
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan.
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Zhen J, Lin L, Li Z, Sun F, Han Y, Li Q, Yang Y, Liu X, Yu J, Zhang Q, Lu Y, Han C. Regulatory effects of Trichinella spiralis serpin-type serine protease inhibitor on endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress in host intestinal epithelial cells. Vet Res 2024; 55:78. [PMID: 38877574 PMCID: PMC11179199 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-024-01334-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and oxidative stress (OS) are adaptive responses of the body to stressor stimulation. Although it has been verified that Trichinella spiralis (T. spiralis) can induce ERS and OS in the host, their association is still unclear. Therefore, this study explored whether T. spiralis-secreted serpin-type serine protease inhibitor (TsAdSPI) is involved in regulating the relationship between ERS and OS in the host intestine. In this study, mice jejunum and porcine small intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) were detected using qPCR, western blotting, immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunofluorescence (IF), and detection kits. The results showed that ERS- and OS-related indexes changed significantly after TsAdSPI stimulation, and Bip was located in IECs, indicating that TsAdSPI could induce ERS and OS in IECs. After the use of an ERS inhibitor, OS-related indexes were inhibited, suggesting that TsAdSPI-induced OS depends on ERS. When the three ERS signalling pathways, ATF6, IRE1, and PERK, were sequentially suppressed, OS was only regulated by the PERK pathway, and the PERK-eif2α-CHOP-ERO1α axis played a key role. Similarly, the expression of ERS-related indexes and the level of intracellular Ca2+ were inhibited after adding the OS inhibitor, and the expression of ERS-related indexes decreased significantly after inhibiting calcium transfer. This finding indicated that TsAdSPI-induced OS could affect ERS by promoting Ca2+ efflux from the endoplasmic reticulum. The detection of the ERS and OS sequences revealed that OS occurred before ERS. Finally, changes in apoptosis-related indexes were detected, and the results indicated that TsAdSPI-induced ERS and OS could regulate IEC apoptosis. In conclusion, TsAdSPI induced OS after entering IECs, OS promoted ERS by enhancing Ca2+ efflux, and ERS subsequently strengthened OS by activating the PERK-eif2α-CHOP-ERO1α axis. ERS and OS induced by TsAdSPI synergistically promoted IEC apoptosis. This study provides a foundation for exploring the invasion mechanism of T. spiralis and the pathogenesis of host intestinal dysfunction after invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingbo Zhen
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Street, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Lihao Lin
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Street, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Zhixin Li
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Street, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Feng Sun
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Street, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yang Han
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Street, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Qiankun Li
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Street, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yuqi Yang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Street, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xueting Liu
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Street, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Junchen Yu
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Street, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Street, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yixin Lu
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Street, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Caixia Han
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Street, Harbin, 150030, China.
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Li Y, Tian X, Yu Q, Bao T, Dai C, Jiang L, Niu K, Yang J, Wang S, Wu X. Alleviation of hepatic insulin resistance and steatosis with NMN via improving endoplasmic reticulum-Mitochondria miscommunication in the liver of HFD mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116682. [PMID: 38703507 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The interaction between endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria has been shown to play a key role in hepatic steatosis during chronic obesity. β-nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) has been reported to regulate obesity, however, its molecular mechanism at the subcellular level remains unclear. Here, NMN improved liver steatosis and insulin resistance in chronic high-fat diet (HFD) mice. RNA-seq showed that compared with the liver of HFD mice, NMN intervention enhanced fat digestion and absorption and stimulated the cholesterol metabolism signaling pathways, while impaired insulin resistance and the fatty acid biosynthesis signaling pathways. Mechanistically, NMN ameliorated mitochondrial dysfunction and ER oxidative stress in the liver of HFD mice by increasing hepatic nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) (P < 0.01) levels. This effect increased the contact sites (mitochondria-associated membranes [MAMs]) between ER and mitochondria, thereby promoting intracellular ATP (P < 0.05) production and mitigating lipid metabolic disturbances in the liver of HFD mice. Taken together, this study provided a theoretical basis for restoring metabolic dynamic equilibrium in the liver of HFD mice by increasing MAMs via the nutritional strategy of NMN supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Li
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Xutong Tian
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China; The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Qian Yu
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Tongtong Bao
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Chao Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Liang Jiang
- ERA Biotechnology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd, Shenzhen 518115, China
| | - Kaimin Niu
- Institute of Biological Resources, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Jianying Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Shujin Wang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Wu
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China.
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Li X, Xu B, Long L, Li Y, Xiao X, Qiu S, Xu J, Tian LW, Wang H. Phelligridimer A enhances the expression of mitofusin 2 and protects against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Chem Biol Interact 2024:111090. [PMID: 38825057 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.111090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress play pivotal roles in the pathology of cerebral ischemia. In this study, we investigated whether phelligridimer A (PA), an active compound isolated from the medicinal and edible fungus Phellinus igniarius, ameliorates ischemic cerebral injury by restoring mitochondrial function and restricting ER stress. An in vitro cellular model of ischemic stroke-induced neuronal damage was established by exposing HT-22 neuronal cells to oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R). An in vivo animal model was established in rats subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R). The results showed that PA (1-10 μM) dose-dependently increased HT-22 cell viability, reduced OGD/R-induced lactate dehydrogenase release, and reversed OGD/R-induced apoptosis. PA reduced OGD/R-induced accumulation of reactive oxygen species, restored mitochondrial membrane potential, and increased ATP levels. Additionally, PA reduced the expression of the 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78) and the phosphorylation of inositol-requiring enzyme-1α (p-IRE1α) and eukaryotic translation-initiation factor 2α (p-eIF2α). PA also inhibited the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway in the OGD/R model. Moreover, treatment with PA restored the expression of mitofusin 2 (Mfn-2), a protein linking mitochondria and ER. The silencing of Mfn-2 abolished the protective effects of PA. The results from the animal study showed that PA (3-10 mg/kg) significantly reduced the volume of cerebral infarction and neurological deficits, which were accompanied by an increased level of Mfn-2, and decreased activation of the ER stress and MAPK pathways in the penumbra of the ipsilateral side after MCAO/R in rats. Taken together, these results indicate that PA counteracts cerebral ischemia-induced injury by restoring mitochondrial function and reducing ER stress. Therefore, PA might be a novel protective agent to prevent ischemia stroke-induced neuronal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Li
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Bingtian Xu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Lu Long
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yuting Li
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xuan Xiao
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Shuqin Qiu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jiangping Xu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Li-Wen Tian
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Haitao Wang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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Hu Y, Luo NJ, Gan L, Xue HY, Luo KY, Zhang JJ, Wang XZ. Heat stress upregulates arachidonic acid to trigger autophagy in sertoli cells via dysfunctional mitochondrial respiratory chain function. J Transl Med 2024; 22:501. [PMID: 38797842 PMCID: PMC11129461 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05182-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
As a key factor in determining testis size and sperm number, sertoli cells (SCs) play a crucial role in male infertility. Heat stress (HS) reduces SCs counts, negatively impacting nutrient transport and supply to germ cells, and leading to spermatogenesis failure in humans and animals. However, how HS affects the number of SCs remains unclear. We hypothesized that changes in SC metabolism contribute to the adverse effects of HS. In this study, we first observed an upregulation of arachidonic acid (AA), an unsaturated fatty acid after HS exposure by LC-MS/MS metabolome detection. By increasing ROS levels, expression of KEAP1 and NRF2 proteins as well as LC3 and LAMP2, 100 µM AA induced autophagy in SCs by activating oxidative stress (OS). We observed adverse effects of AA on mitochondria under HS with a decrease of mitochondrial number and an increase of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). We also found that AA alternated the oxygen transport and absorption function of mitochondria by increasing glycolysis flux and decreasing oxygen consumption rate as well as the expression of mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) proteins Complex I, II, V. However, pretreatment with 5 mM NAC (ROS inhibitor) and 2 µM Rotenone (mitochondrial ETC inhibitor) reversed the autophagy induced by AA. In summary, AA modulates autophagy in SCs during HS by disrupting mitochondrial ETC function, inferring that the release of AA is a switch-like response, and providing insight into the underlying mechanism of high temperatures causing male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 563000, Zunyi, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage and Herbivore, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, 400715, Chongqing, Beibei, China
| | - Nan Jian Luo
- Department of Preclinical Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, 563000, Zunyi, China
| | - Lu Gan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage and Herbivore, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, 400715, Chongqing, Beibei, China
| | - Hong Yan Xue
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage and Herbivore, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, 400715, Chongqing, Beibei, China
| | - Ke Yan Luo
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 563000, Zunyi, China
| | - Jiao Jiao Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage and Herbivore, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, 400715, Chongqing, Beibei, China.
| | - Xian Zhong Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage and Herbivore, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, 400715, Chongqing, Beibei, China.
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Xie H, Gu Q, Chen W, Meng X, Guo Z, Zhang Y, Li H. Mitigation of oxidative stress and inflammatory factors, along with the antibrowning and antimicrobial effects of cassia seed microbial fermentation solution. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1400505. [PMID: 38784817 PMCID: PMC11112119 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1400505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cassia seeds, originating from the mature seeds of leguminous cassia species, possess pharmacological effects attributed to their rich composition of various active ingredients, notably anthraquinones. While current research predominantly focuses on pharmaceutical extractions, there has been limited progress in fermentation studies. Methods Our study aimed to enhance the content of active compounds such as anthraquinones, flavonoids, and polyphenols using microbial fermentation techniques. We specifically optimized a fermentation system through a single-factor experimental design. Results The antioxidant properties of the fermentation solution were validated through assays involving HaCaT cells and zebrafish. We observed effective suppression of inflammatory reactions in both RAW264.7 cells and transgenic zebrafish by the fermentation solution. Moreover, significant inhibition of tyrosinase activity and melanin production was evident in B16-F10 cells and zebrafish. Positive outcomes were also obtained in antibacterial assays and chick embryo experiments. Discussion These findings highlight the potential of cassia seed fermentation solution as a safe and eco-friendly material in food chemistry and biomedical sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haohui Xie
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Quliang Gu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiji Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangyu Meng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenyu Guo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Qingdao Benyue Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Qingdao, China
| | - He Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
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Wang L, Zhang D, Jiang B, Ding H, Feng S, Zhao C, Wang X, Wu J. 4-Phenylbutyric Acid Attenuates Soybean Glycinin/β-Conglycinin-Induced IPEC-J2 Cells Apoptosis by Regulating the Mitochondria-Associated Endoplasmic Reticulum Membrane and NLRP-3. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:5926-5934. [PMID: 38457471 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Glycinin (11S) and β-conglycinin (7S) from soybean (glycine max) cause diarrhea and intestinal barrier damage in young animals. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the damage caused by 7S and 11S, it is vital to develop strategies to eliminate allergenicity. Consequently, we investigated 7S/11S-mediated apoptosis in porcine intestinal epithelial (IPEC-J2) cells. IPEC-J2 cells suffered endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) in response to 7S and 11S, activating protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase, activating transcription factor 6, C/EBP homologous protein, and inositol-requiring enzyme 1 alpha. 4-Phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) treatment alleviated ERS; reduced the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-18 levels; inhibited apoptosis; increased mitofusin 2 expression; and mitigated Ca2+ overload and mitochondria-associated ER membrane (MAM) dysfunction, thereby ameliorating IPEC-J2 injury. We demonstrated the pivotal role of ERS in MAM dysfunction and 7S- and 11S-mediated apoptosis, providing insights into 7S- and 11S-mediated intestinal barrier injury prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230061, China
| | - Daoliang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230061, China
| | - Benzheng Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230061, China
| | - Hongyan Ding
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Shibin Feng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230061, China
| | - Chang Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230061, China
| | - Xichun Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230061, China
| | - Jinjie Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230061, China
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Lin YS, Sun Z, Shen LS, Gong RH, Chen JW, Xu Y, Yu H, Chen S, Chen GQ. Arnicolide D induces endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated oncosis via ATF4 and CHOP in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:134. [PMID: 38472168 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01911-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress can trigger various cell death mechanisms beyond apoptosis, providing promise in cancer treatment. Oncosis, characterized by cellular swelling and increased membrane permeability, represents a non-apoptotic form of cell death. In our study, we discovered that Arnicolide D (AD), a natural sesquiterpene lactone compound, induces ER stress-mediated oncosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells, and this process is reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent. Furthermore, we identified the activation of the PERK-eIF2α-ATF4-CHOP pathway during ER stress as a pivotal factor in AD-induced oncosis. Notably, the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide (CHX) was found to effectively reverse AD-induced oncosis, suggesting ATF4 and CHOP may hold crucial roles in the induction of oncosis by AD. These proteins play a vital part in promoting protein synthesis during ER stress, ultimately leading to cell death. Subsequent studies, in where we individually or simultaneously knocked down ATF4 and CHOP in HCC cells, provided further confirmation of their indispensable roles in AD-induced oncosis. Moreover, additional animal experiments not only substantiated AD's ability to inhibit HCC tumor growth but also solidified the essential role of ER stress-mediated and ROS-dependent oncosis in AD's therapeutic potential. In summary, our research findings strongly indicate that AD holds promise as a therapeutic agent for HCC by its ability to induce oncosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Shan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Li-Sha Shen
- Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing, 400065, China
| | - Rui-Hong Gong
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jia-Wen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Yanfeng Xu
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200071, China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, and State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Sibao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China.
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, 999077, Hong Kong, China.
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100193, Beijing, China.
- Research Centre for Chinese Medicine Innovation, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, 999077, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Guo-Qing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China.
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, 999077, Hong Kong, China.
- Research Centre for Chinese Medicine Innovation, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, 999077, Hong Kong, China.
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Pirunkaset E, Boonyarat C, Maneenet J, Khamphukdee C, Daodee S, Monthakantirat O, Awale S, Kijjoa A, Chulikhit Y. Effect of Diacetylcurcumin Manganese Complex on Rotenone-Induced Oxidative Stress, Mitochondria Dysfunction, and Inflammation in the SH-SY5Y Parkinson's Disease Cell Model. Molecules 2024; 29:957. [PMID: 38474469 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29050957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Diacetylcurcumin manganese complex (DiAc-Cp-Mn) is a diacetylcurcumin (DiAc-Cp) derivative synthesized with Mn (II) to mimic superoxide dismutase (SOD). It exhibited superior reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging efficacy, particularly for the superoxide radical. The present study investigated the ROS scavenging activity, neuroprotective effects, and underlying mechanism of action of DiAc-Cp-Mn in a cellular model of Parkinson's disease. This study utilized rotenone-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells to assess the activities of DiAc-Cp-Mn by measuring cell viability, intracellular ROS, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), SOD, and catalase (CAT) activities. The mRNA expression of the nuclear factor erythroid 2 p45-related factor (Nrf2), Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and Interleukin 1β (IL-1β), which are oxidative and inflammatory genes, were also evaluated to clarify the molecular mechanism. The results of the in vitro assays showed that DiAc-Cp-Mn exhibited greater scavenging activity against superoxide radicals, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radicals compared to DiAc-Cp. In cell-based assays, DiAc-Cp-Mn demonstrated greater neuroprotective effects against rotenone-induced neurotoxicity when compared to its parent compound, DiAc-Cp. DiAc-Cp-Mn maintained MMP levels, reduced intracellular ROS levels, and increased the activities of SOD and CAT by activating the Nrf2-Keap1 signaling pathway. In addition, DiAc-Cp-Mn exerted its anti-inflammatory impact by down-regulating the mRNA expression of iNOS and IL-1β that provoked neuro-inflammation. The current study indicates that DiAc-Cp-Mn protects against rotenone-induced neuronal damage by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekanong Pirunkaset
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Chantana Boonyarat
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Juthamart Maneenet
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Natural Drug Discovery Laboratory, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0154, Japan
| | - Charinya Khamphukdee
- Division of Pharmacognosy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Supawadee Daodee
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Orawan Monthakantirat
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Suresh Awale
- Natural Drug Discovery Laboratory, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0154, Japan
| | - Anake Kijjoa
- ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar and CIIMAR, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Yaowared Chulikhit
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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10
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Amason ME, Li L, Harvest CK, Lacey CA, Miao EA. Validation of the Intermolecular Disulfide Bond in Caspase-2. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:49. [PMID: 38248479 PMCID: PMC10813798 DOI: 10.3390/biology13010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Caspases are a family of proteins involved in cell death. Although several caspase members have been well characterized, caspase-2 remains enigmatic. Caspase-2 has been implicated in several phenotypes, but there has been no consensus in the field about its upstream activating signals or its downstream protein targets. In addition, the unique ability of caspase-2 to form a disulfide-bonded dimer has not been studied in depth. Herein, we investigate the disulfide bond in the context of inducible dimerization, showing that disulfide bond formation is dimerization dependent. We also explore and review several stimuli published in the caspase-2 field, test ferroptosis-inducing stimuli, and study in vivo infection models. We hypothesize that the disulfide bond will ultimately prove to be essential for the evolved function of caspase-2. Proving this will require the discovery of cell death phenotypes where caspase-2 is definitively essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E. Amason
- Department of Integrative Immunobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Lupeng Li
- Department of Integrative Immunobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Carissa K. Harvest
- Department of Integrative Immunobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Carolyn A. Lacey
- Department of Integrative Immunobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Edward A. Miao
- Department of Integrative Immunobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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11
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Ouyang J, Hong Y, Wan Y, He X, Geng B, Yang X, Xiang J, Cai J, Zeng Z, Liu Z, Peng N, Jiang Y, Liu J. PVB exerts anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the activation of MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways and ROS generation in neutrophils. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 126:111271. [PMID: 38006749 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Pinaverium bromide (PVB) has been shown to protect mice against sepsis, which is predominantly attributed to PVB-mediated anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting primed neutrophils to produce proinflammatory cytokines. However, the underlying mechanism(s) by which PVB affects neutrophils remains unknown. In this study, we report that treatment with PVB either before or after LPS stimulation attenuated IL-1β and TNF-α expression at both mRNA and protein levels in LPS-activated murine neutrophils. Further experiments revealed that PVB inhibited the phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, and IκBα in LPS-stimulated murine neutrophils. Moreover, PVB reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels via regulating NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) activity, as represented by inhibiting p47phox translocation from the cytoplasm to the cellular membrane. Importantly, PVB significantly attenuated IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, CXCL1 production in both LPS-stimulated low density neutrophils (LDNs) and normal density neutrophils (NDNs) isolated from septic patients. Collectively, we demonstrated that PVB exerts anti-inflammatory effect by attenuating ROS generation and suppressing the activation of MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways, suggesting that PVB may act as a potential therapeutic agent for sepsis by inhibiting neutrophil priming and activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiafu Ouyang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yinghao Hong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yantong Wan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiangyi He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bingxuan Geng
- School of the First Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinxing Yang
- School of the First Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Xiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Junwei Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhenhua Zeng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhifeng Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Na Peng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yong Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jinghua Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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12
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Jiménez-Meléndez A, Shakya R, Markussen T, Robertson LJ, Myrmel M, Makvandi-Nejad S. Gene expression profile of HCT-8 cells following single or co-infections with Cryptosporidium parvum and bovine coronavirus. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22106. [PMID: 38092824 PMCID: PMC10719361 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49488-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the causative agents of neonatal diarrhoea in calves, two of the most prevalent are bovine coronavirus (BCoV) and the intracellular parasite Cryptosporidium parvum. Although several studies indicate that co-infections are associated with greater symptom severity, the host-pathogen interplay remains unresolved. Here, our main objective was to investigate the modulation of the transcriptome of HCT-8 cells during single and co-infections with BCoV and C. parvum. For this, HCT-8 cells were inoculated with (1) BCoV alone, (2) C. parvum alone, (3) BCoV and C. parvum simultaneously. After 24 and 72 h, cells were harvested and analyzed using high-throughput RNA sequencing. Following differential expression analysis, over 6000 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in virus-infected and co-exposed cells at 72 hpi, whereas only 52 DEGs were found in C. parvum-infected cells at the same time point. Pathway (KEGG) and gene ontology (GO) analysis showed that DEGs in the virus-infected and co-exposed cells were mostly associated with immune pathways (such as NF-κB, TNF-α or, IL-17), apoptosis and regulation of transcription, with a more limited effect exerted by C. parvum. Although the modulation observed in the co-infection was apparently dominated by the virus, over 800 DEGs were uniquely expressed in co-exposed cells at 72 hpi. Our findings provide insights on possible biomarkers associated with co-infection, which could be further explored using in vivo models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Jiménez-Meléndez
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences (PARAFAG), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway.
| | - Ruchika Shakya
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences (PARAFAG), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - Turhan Markussen
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences (PARAFAG), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - Lucy J Robertson
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences (PARAFAG), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - Mette Myrmel
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences (PARAFAG), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - Shokouh Makvandi-Nejad
- Research Group Animal Health, Vaccinology, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Ås, Norway
- Nykode Therapeutics ASA, Oslo Science Park, Oslo, Norway
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13
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Kim TW. Paeoniflorin Induces ER Stress-Mediated Apoptotic Cell Death by Generating Nox4-Derived ROS under Radiation in Gastric Cancer. Nutrients 2023; 15:5092. [PMID: 38140352 PMCID: PMC10745742 DOI: 10.3390/nu15245092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most prevalent cancer types worldwide, and its resistance to cancer therapies, such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, has made treating it a major challenge. Paeoniflorin (PF) is one potential pharmacological treatment derived from paeony root. However, in cancer, the molecular mechanisms and biological functions of PF are still unclear. In the present study, we found that PF exerts anti-tumor effects in vivo and in vitro and induces apoptotic cell death through ER stress, calcium (Ca2+), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) release in gastric cancer cells. However, ROS inhibition by DPI and NAC blocks cell death and the PERK signaling pathway via the reduction of Nox4. Moreover, PF triggers a synergistic inhibitory effect of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process under radiation exposure in radiation-resistant gastric cancer cells. These findings indicate that PF-induced Ca2+ and ROS release overcomes radioresistance via ER stress and induces cell death under radiation in gastric cancer cells. Therefore, PF, in combination with radiation, may be a powerful strategy for gastric cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Woo Kim
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Engineering, Dongguk University-WISE, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea
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14
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Bhargavi G, Mallakuntla MK, Kale D, Tiwari S. Rv0687 a Putative Short-Chain Dehydrogenase is indispensable for pathogenesis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.12.571312. [PMID: 38168250 PMCID: PMC10760034 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.12.571312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), a successful human pathogen, resides in host sentinel cells and combats the stressful intracellular environment induced by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species during infection. Mtb employs several evasion mechanisms in the face of the host as a survival strategy, including detoxifying enzymes as short-chain dehydrogenases/ reductases (SDRs) to withstand host-generated insults. In this study, using specialized transduction we have generated a Rv0687 deletion mutant and its complemented strain and investigated the functional role of Rv0687, a member of SDRs family genes in Mtb pathogenesis. Wildtype (WT) and mutant Mtb strain lacking Rv0687 (RvΔ0687) were tested for in-vitro stress response and in-vivo survival in macrophages and mice models of infection. The study demonstrates that Rv0687 is crucial for sustaining bacterial growth in nutrition-limited conditions. The deletion of Rv0687 elevated the sensitivity of Mtb to oxidative and nitrosative stress-inducing agents. Furthermore, the lack of Rv0687 compromised the survival of Mtb in primary bone marrow macrophages and led to an increase in the levels of the secreted proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, and MIP-1α. Interestingly, the growth of WT and RvΔ0687 was similar in the lungs of infected immunocompromised mice however, a significant reduction in RvΔ0687 growth was observed in the spleen of immunocompromised Rag -/- mice at 4 weeks post-infection. Moreover Rag -/- mice infected with RvΔ0687 survived longer compared to WT Mtb strain. Additionally, we observed significant reduction in bacterial burden in spleens and lungs of immunocompetent C57BL/6 mice infected with RvΔ0687 compared to complemented and WT Mtb strains. Collectively, this study reveals that Rv0687 plays a role in Mtb pathogenesis.
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15
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Sakas R, Dan K, Edelman D, Abu-Ata S, Ben-Menashe A, Awad-Igbaria Y, Francois-Soustiel J, Palzur E. Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Alleviates Memory and Motor Impairments Following Traumatic Brain Injury via the Modulation of Mitochondrial-Dysfunction-Induced Neuronal Apoptosis in Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2034. [PMID: 38136154 PMCID: PMC10740762 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12122034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in young adults, characterized by primary and secondary injury. Primary injury is the immediate mechanical damage, while secondary injury results from delayed neuronal death, often linked to mitochondrial damage accumulation. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) has been proposed as a potential treatment for modulating secondary post-traumatic neuronal death. However, the specific molecular mechanism by which HBOT modulates secondary brain damage through mitochondrial protection remains unclear. Spatial learning, reference memory, and motor performance were measured in rats before and after Controlled Cortical Impact (CCI) injury. The HBOT (2.5 ATA) was performed 4 h following the CCI and twice daily (12 h intervals) for four consecutive days. Mitochondrial functions were assessed via high-resolution respirometry on day 5 following CCI. Moreover, IHC was performed at the end of the experiment to evaluate cortical apoptosis, neuronal survival, and glial activation. The current result indicates that HBOT exhibits a multi-level neuroprotective effect. Thus, we found that HBOT prevents cortical neuronal loss, reduces the apoptosis marker (cleaved-Caspase3), and modulates glial cell proliferation. Furthermore, HBO treatment prevents the reduction in mitochondrial respiration, including non-phosphorylation state, oxidative phosphorylation, and electron transfer capacity. Additionally, a superior motor and spatial learning performance level was observed in the CCI group treated with HBO compared to the CCI group. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that HBOT during the critical period following the TBI improves cognitive and motor damage via regulating glial proliferation apoptosis and protecting mitochondrial function, consequently preventing cortex neuronal loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Sakas
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel; (R.S.); (K.D.); (S.A.-A.); (A.B.-M.); (J.F.-S.)
- Research Institute of Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya 221001, Israel
| | - Katya Dan
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel; (R.S.); (K.D.); (S.A.-A.); (A.B.-M.); (J.F.-S.)
- Research Institute of Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya 221001, Israel
| | - Doron Edelman
- Neurosurgery Department, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv 6423906, Israel;
| | - Saher Abu-Ata
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel; (R.S.); (K.D.); (S.A.-A.); (A.B.-M.); (J.F.-S.)
- Research Institute of Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya 221001, Israel
| | - Aviv Ben-Menashe
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel; (R.S.); (K.D.); (S.A.-A.); (A.B.-M.); (J.F.-S.)
- Research Institute of Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya 221001, Israel
| | - Yaseen Awad-Igbaria
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel; (R.S.); (K.D.); (S.A.-A.); (A.B.-M.); (J.F.-S.)
- Research Institute of Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya 221001, Israel
| | - Jean Francois-Soustiel
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel; (R.S.); (K.D.); (S.A.-A.); (A.B.-M.); (J.F.-S.)
- Neurosurgery Department, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya 221001, Israel
| | - Eilam Palzur
- Research Institute of Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya 221001, Israel
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16
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Hajibabaie F, Abedpoor N, Mohamadynejad P. Types of Cell Death from a Molecular Perspective. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1426. [PMID: 37998025 PMCID: PMC10669395 DOI: 10.3390/biology12111426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The former conventional belief was that cell death resulted from either apoptosis or necrosis; however, in recent years, different pathways through which a cell can undergo cell death have been discovered. Various types of cell death are distinguished by specific morphological alterations in the cell's structure, coupled with numerous biological activation processes. Various diseases, such as cancers, can occur due to the accumulation of damaged cells in the body caused by the dysregulation and failure of cell death. Thus, comprehending these cell death pathways is crucial for formulating effective therapeutic strategies. We focused on providing a comprehensive overview of the existing literature pertaining to various forms of cell death, encompassing apoptosis, anoikis, pyroptosis, NETosis, ferroptosis, autophagy, entosis, methuosis, paraptosis, mitoptosis, parthanatos, necroptosis, and necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Hajibabaie
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord 88137-33395, Iran;
- Department of Physiology, Medicinal Plants Research Center, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan 81551-39998, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord 88137-33395, Iran
| | - Navid Abedpoor
- Department of Physiology, Medicinal Plants Research Center, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan 81551-39998, Iran
- Department of Sports Physiology, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan 81551-39998, Iran
| | - Parisa Mohamadynejad
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord 88137-33395, Iran;
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord 88137-33395, Iran
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17
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Anirudhan A, Mahema S, Ahmad SF, Emran TB, Ahmed SSSJ, Paramasivam P. Screening of Crucial Cytosolicproteins Interconnecting the Endoplasmic Reticulum and Mitochondria in Parkinson's Disease and the Impact of Anti-Parkinson Drugs in the Preservation of Organelle Connectivity. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1551. [PMID: 38002511 PMCID: PMC10670093 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13111551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is well-established in Parkinson's disease (PD); however, its dysfunctions associating with cell organelle connectivity remain unknown. We aimed to establish the crucial cytosolic protein involved in organelle connectivity between mitochondria and the endopalmic reticulum (ER) through a computational approach by constructing an organelle protein network to extract functional clusters presenting the crucial PD protein connecting organelles. Then, we assessed the influence of anti-parkinsonism drugs (n = 35) on the crucial protein through molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation and further validated its gene expression in PD participants under, istradefylline (n = 25) and amantadine (n = 25) treatment. Based on our investigation, D-aspartate oxidase (DDO )protein was found to be the critical that connects both mitochondria and the ER. Further, molecular docking showed that istradefylline has a high affinity (-9.073 kcal/mol) against DDO protein, which may disrupt mitochondrial-ER connectivity. While amantadine (-4.53 kcal/mol) shows negligible effects against DDO that contribute to conformational changes in drug binding, Successively, DDO gene expression was downregulated in istradefylline-treated PD participants, which elucidated the likelihood of an istradefylline off-target mechanism. Overall, our findings illuminate the off-target effects of anti-parkinsonism medications on DDO protein, enabling the recommendation of off-target-free PD treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athira Anirudhan
- Central Research Laboratory, Believers Church Medical College Hospital, Kuttapuzha, Thiruvalla 689101, Kerala, India
| | - S. Mahema
- Drug Discovery and Multi-Omics Laboratory, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Kelambakkam 603103, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sheikh F. Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Legorreta Cancer Center, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Shiek S. S. J. Ahmed
- Drug Discovery and Multi-Omics Laboratory, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Kelambakkam 603103, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Prabu Paramasivam
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan’s Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-Communicable Diseases Prevention and Control & IDF Centre of Education, Gopalapuram, Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
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18
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Kwon EB, Kim YS, Kim B, Kim SG, Na SJ, Go Y, Choi HM, Lee HJ, Han SM, Choi JG. Korean Chestnut Honey Suppresses HSV-1 Infection by Regulating the ROS-NLRP3 Inflammasome Pathway. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1935. [PMID: 38001788 PMCID: PMC10669648 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12111935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) is double-stranded DNA virus that belongs to the Orthoherpesviridae family. It causes serious neurological diseases of the central nervous system, such as encephalitis. The current U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs for preventing HSV-1 infection include acyclovir (ACV) and valacyclovir; however, their long-term use causes severe side effects and often results in the emergence of drug-resistant strains. Therefore, it is important to discover new antiviral agents that are safe and effective against HSV-1 infection. Korean chestnut honey (KCH) has various pharmacological activities, such as antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammation effects; however, antiviral effects against HSV-1 have not yet been reported. Therefore, we determined the antiviral activity and mechanism of action of KCH after HSV-1 infection on the cellular level. KCH inhibited the HSV-1 infection of host cells through binding and virucidal steps. KCH decreased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and calcium (Ca2+) following HSV-1 infection and suppressed the production of inflammatory cytokines by inhibiting nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-кB) activity. Furthermore, we found that KCH inhibited the expression of the nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome during HSV-1 infection. Taken together, the antiviral effects of KCH occur through multiple targets, including the inhibition of viral replication and the ROS-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. Our findings suggest that KCH has potential for the treatment of HSV-1 infection and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Bin Kwon
- Korean Medicine Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Soo Kim
- Korean Medicine Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Buyun Kim
- Korean Medicine Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Gun Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Joon Na
- Special Forest Resources Division, National Institute of Forest Science, Suwon 16631, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghoon Go
- Korean Medicine Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Min Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Mi Han
- Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Gi Choi
- Korean Medicine Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
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Mohapatra S, Chakraborty T, Basu A. Japanese Encephalitis virus infection in astrocytes modulate microglial function: Correlation with inflammation and oxidative stress. Cytokine 2023; 170:156328. [PMID: 37567102 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Japanese Encephalitis Virus (JEV) is a neurotropic virus which has the propensity to infect neuronal and glial cells of the brain. Astrocyte-microglia crosstalk leading to the secretion of various factors plays a major role in controlling encephalitis in brain. This study focused on understanding the role of astrocytic mediators that further shaped the microglial response towards JEV infection. METHODS After establishing JEV infection in C8D1A (mouse astrocyte cell line) and primary astrocyte enriched cultures (PAEC), astrocyte supernatant was used for preparation of conditioned media. Astrocyte supernatant was treated with UV to inactivate JEV and the supernatant was added to N9 culture media in ratio 1:1 for preparation of conditioned media. N9 microglial cells post treatment with astrocyte conditioned media and JEV infection were checked for expression of various inflammatory genes by qRT-PCR, levels of secreted cytokines in N9 cell supernatant were checked by cytometric bead array. N9 cell lysates were checked for expression of proteins - pNF-κβ, IBA-1, NS3 and RIG-I by western blotting. Viral titers were measured in N9 supernatant by plaque assays. Immunocytochemistry experiments were done to quantify the number of infected microglial cells after astrocyte conditioned medium treatment. Expression of different antioxidant enzymes was checked in N9 cells by western blotting, levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected by fluorimetry using DCFDA dye. RESULTS N9 microglial cells post treatment with JEV-infected astrocyte conditioned media and JEV infection were activated, showed an upsurge in expression of inflammatory genes and cytokines both at the transcript and protein levels. These N9 cells showed a decrease in quantity of viral titers and associated viral proteins in comparison to control cells (not treated with conditioned media but infected with JEV). Also, N9 cells upon conditioned media treatment and JEV infection were more prone to undergo oxidative stress as observed by the decreased expression of antioxidant enzymes SOD-1, TRX-1 and increased secretion of reactive oxygen species (ROS). CONCLUSION Astrocytic mediators like TNF-α, MCP-1 and IL-6 influence microglial response towards JEV infection by promoting inflammation and oxidative stress in them. As a result of increased microglial inflammation and secretion of ROS, viral replication is lessened in conditioned media treated and JEV infected microglial cells as compared to control cells with no conditioned media treatment but only JEV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuti Mohapatra
- National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Haryana 122052, India
| | | | - Anirban Basu
- National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Haryana 122052, India.
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20
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Gutiérrez EG, Ortega J, Savoie A, Baeza JA. The mitochondrial genome of the mountain wooly tapir, Tapirus pinchaque and a formal test of the effect of altitude on the adaptive evolution of mitochondrial protein coding genes in odd-toed ungulates. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:527. [PMID: 37674108 PMCID: PMC10481570 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09596-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The harsh conditions of high-altitude environments are known to drive the evolution of physiological and morphological traits in endothermic animals. These conditions are expected to result in the adaptive evolution of protein coding genes encoded in mitochondrial genomes that are vital for the oxidative phosphorylation pathway. In this study, we formally tested for signatures of adaptive evolution on mitochondrial protein coding genes in Tapirus pinchaque and other odd-toed ungulates inhabiting high-elevation environments. RESULTS The AT-rich mitochondrial genome of T. pinchaque is 16,750 bp long. A phylomitogenomic analysis supports the monophyly of the genus Tapirus and families in the Perissodactyla. The ratio of non-synonymous to synonymous substitutions demonstrated that all mitochondrial genes undergo purifying selection in T. pinchaque and other odd ungulates living at high elevations. Over this negative background selection, Branch Models suggested that cox3 and nad6 might be undergoing stronger purifying selection than other mitochondrial protein coding genes. Furthermore, Site Models suggested that one and four sites in nad2 and nad5, respectively, could be experiencing positive selection. However, these results were supported by Likelihood Ratio Tests but not Bayesian Empirical Bayes posterior probabilities. Additional analyses (in DataMonkey) indicated a relaxation of selection strength in nad6, evidence of episodic diversifying selection in cob, and revealed episodic positive/diversifying selection signatures for two sites in nad1, and one site each in nad2 and nad4. CONCLUSION The mitochondrial genome of T. pinchaque is an important genomic resource for conservation of this species and this study contributes to the understanding of adaptive evolution of mitochondrial protein coding genes in odd-toed ungulates inhabiting high-altitude environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar G Gutiérrez
- Laboratorio de Bioconservación y Manejo, Posgrado en Ciencias Químicobiológicas, Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Col. Santo Tomás, Ciudad de México, C.P. 11340, Mexico
| | - Jorge Ortega
- Laboratorio de Bioconservación y Manejo, Posgrado en Ciencias Químicobiológicas, Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Col. Santo Tomás, Ciudad de México, C.P. 11340, Mexico
| | - Avery Savoie
- Department of Biological Sciences, 132 Long Hall, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - J Antonio Baeza
- Department of Biological Sciences, 132 Long Hall, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA.
- Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce, 701 Seaway Drive, Fort Pierce, FL, 34949, USA.
- Departamento de Biología Marina, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo, Chile.
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21
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Han YH, Liu XD, Jin MH, Sun HN, Kwon T. Role of NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated neuronal pyroptosis and neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases. Inflamm Res 2023; 72:1839-1859. [PMID: 37725102 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-023-01790-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurodegenerative diseases are a common group of neurological disorders characterized by progressive loss of neuronal structure and function leading to cognitive impairment. Recent studies have shown that neuronal pyroptosis mediated by the NLRP3 inflammasome plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. OBJECTIVE AND METHOD The NLRP3 inflammasome is a multiprotein complex that, when activated within cells, triggers an inflammatory response, ultimately leading to pyroptotic cell death of neurons. Pyroptosis is a typical pro-inflammatory programmed cell death process occurring downstream of NLRP3 inflammasome activation, characterized by the formation of pores on the cell membrane by the GSDMD protein, leading to cell lysis and the release of inflammatory factors. It has been found that NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated neuronal pyroptosis is closely associated with the development of various neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, traumatic brain injury, and Parkinson's disease. Therefore, inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation and attenuating neuronal pyroptosis could potentially serve as novel strategies for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. RESULTS The aim of this review is to explore the role of NLRP3 activation-mediated neuronal pyroptosis and neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases. Firstly, we extensively discuss the relationship between NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated neuronal pyroptosis and neuroinflammation in various neurodegenerative diseases. Subsequently, we further explore the mechanisms driving NLRP3 activation and assembly, as well as the post-translational modifications regulating NLRP3 inflammasome activation. CONCLUSION Understanding these mechanisms will contribute to a deeper understanding of the link between neuronal pyroptosis and neurodegenerative diseases, and hold significant implications for the treatment and prevention of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Hao Han
- College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China.
| | - Xiao-Dong Liu
- College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Mei-Hua Jin
- College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Hu-Nan Sun
- College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China.
| | - Taeho Kwon
- Primate Resources Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup-si, Jeonbuk, 56216, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Lee J, Lee SA, Son SH, Choi JA, Nguyen TD, Kim J, Son D, Song CH. Impaired mitophagy induces antimicrobial responses in macrophages infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:158. [PMID: 37649112 PMCID: PMC10470153 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01107-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitophagy, mitochondrial selective autophagy, plays a pivotal role in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis in response to cellular stress. However, the role of mitophagy in macrophages during infection has not been elucidated. To determine whether mitophagy regulates intracellular pathogen survival, macrophages were infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), an intracellular bacterium. RESULTS We showed that Mtb-infected macrophages induced mitophagy through BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3 (BNIP3) activation. In contrast, BNIP3-deficient macrophages failed to induce mitophagy, resulting in reduced mitochondrial membrane potential in response to Mtb infection. Moreover, the accumulation of damaged mitochondria due to BNIP3 deficiency generated higher levels of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) compared to the control, suppressing the intracellular survival of Mtb. We observed that siBNIP3 suppressed intracellular Mtb in mice lungs. CONCLUSION We found that BNIP3 plays a critical role in the regulation of mitophagy during Mtb infection. The inhibition of mitophagy suppresses Mtb growth in macrophages through increased mROS production. Therefore, BNIP3 might be a novel therapeutic target for tuberculosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghwan Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 266 Munhwa‑ro, Jung‑gu, Daejeon, 35015, South Korea
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 266 Munhwa-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 35015, South Korea
- Translational Immunology Institute, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, South Korea
| | - Seong-Ahn Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 266 Munhwa‑ro, Jung‑gu, Daejeon, 35015, South Korea
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 266 Munhwa-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 35015, South Korea
| | - Sang-Hun Son
- Department of Microbiology, Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 266 Munhwa‑ro, Jung‑gu, Daejeon, 35015, South Korea
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 266 Munhwa-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 35015, South Korea
| | - Ji-Ae Choi
- Department of Microbiology, Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 266 Munhwa‑ro, Jung‑gu, Daejeon, 35015, South Korea
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 266 Munhwa-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 35015, South Korea
- Translational Immunology Institute, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, South Korea
| | - Tam Doan Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology, Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 266 Munhwa‑ro, Jung‑gu, Daejeon, 35015, South Korea
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 266 Munhwa-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 35015, South Korea
| | - Jaewhan Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 266 Munhwa‑ro, Jung‑gu, Daejeon, 35015, South Korea
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 266 Munhwa-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 35015, South Korea
| | - Doyi Son
- Department of Microbiology, Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 266 Munhwa‑ro, Jung‑gu, Daejeon, 35015, South Korea
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 266 Munhwa-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 35015, South Korea
| | - Chang-Hwa Song
- Department of Microbiology, Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 266 Munhwa‑ro, Jung‑gu, Daejeon, 35015, South Korea.
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 266 Munhwa-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 35015, South Korea.
- Translational Immunology Institute, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, South Korea.
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23
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Fettucciari K, Dini F, Marconi P, Bassotti G. Role of the Alteration in Calcium Homeostasis in Cell Death Induced by Clostridioides difficile Toxin A and Toxin B. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1117. [PMID: 37627001 PMCID: PMC10452684 DOI: 10.3390/biology12081117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile), responsible for 15-25% of gastrointestinal infections, causes health problems mainly due to the toxic activity of toxins A and B (Tcds). These are responsible for its clinical manifestations, including diarrhea, pseudomembranous colitis, toxic megacolon and death, with a mortality of 5-30% in primary infection, that increase following relapses. Studies on Tcd-induced cell death have highlighted a key role of caspases, calpains, and cathepsins, with involvement of mitochondria and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a complex signaling pathway network. The complex response in the execution of various types of cell death (apoptosis, necrosis, pyroptosis and pyknosis) depends on the amount of Tcd, cell types, and Tcd receptors involved, and could have as initial/precocious event the alterations in calcium homeostasis. The entities, peculiarities and cell types involved in these alterations will decide the signaling pathways activated and cell death type. Calcium homeostasis alterations can be caused by calcium influx through calcium channel activation, transient intracellular calcium oscillations, and leakage of calcium from intracellular stores. These increases in cytoplasmic calcium have important effects on all calcium-regulated molecules, which may play a direct role in several cell death types and/or activate other cell death effectors, such as caspases, calpains, ROS and proapoptotic Bcl-2 family members. Furthermore, some support for the possible role of the calcium homeostasis alteration in Tcd-induced cell death originates from the similarity with cytotoxic effects that cause pore-forming toxins, based mainly on calcium influx through plasma membrane pores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Fettucciari
- Biosciences & Medical Embryology Section, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Fabrizio Dini
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024 Matelica, Italy;
| | - Pierfrancesco Marconi
- Biosciences & Medical Embryology Section, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Gabrio Bassotti
- Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Digestive Endoscopy Section, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy;
- Gastroenterology & Hepatology Unit, Santa Maria Della Misericordia Hospital, 06129 Perugia, Italy
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24
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Santoni D, Ghosh N, Derelitto C, Saha I. Transcription Factor Driven Gene Regulation in COVID-19 Patients. Viruses 2023; 15:v15051188. [PMID: 37243274 DOI: 10.3390/v15051188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 and its many variants have caused a worldwide emergency. Host cells colonised by SARS-CoV-2 present a significantly different gene expression landscape. As expected, this is particularly true for genes that directly interact with virus proteins. Thus, understanding the role that transcription factors can play in driving differential regulation in patients affected by COVID-19 is a focal point to unveil virus infection. In this regard, we have identified 19 transcription factors which are predicted to target human proteins interacting with Spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2. Transcriptomics RNA-Seq data derived from 13 human organs are used to analyse expression correlation between identified transcription factors and related target genes in both COVID-19 patients and healthy individuals. This resulted in the identification of transcription factors showing the most relevant impact in terms of most evident differential correlation between COVID-19 patients and healthy individuals. This analysis has also identified five organs such as the blood, heart, lung, nasopharynx and respiratory tract in which a major effect of differential regulation mediated by transcription factors is observed. These organs are also known to be affected by COVID-19, thereby providing consistency to our analysis. Furthermore, 31 key human genes differentially regulated by the transcription factors in the five organs are identified and the corresponding KEGG pathways and GO enrichment are also reported. Finally, the drugs targeting those 31 genes are also put forth. This in silico study explores the effects of transcription factors on human genes interacting with Spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 and intends to provide new insights to inhibit the virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Santoni
- Institute for System Analysis and Computer Science "Antonio Ruberti", National Research Council of Italy, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Nimisha Ghosh
- Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Mechanics, University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, Institute of Technical Education and Research, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar 751030, India
| | - Carlo Derelitto
- Institute for System Analysis and Computer Science "Antonio Ruberti", National Research Council of Italy, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Indrajit Saha
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technical Teachers' Training and Research, Kolkata 700106, India
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25
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Yang S, Wang L, Wu Y, Wu A, Huang F, Tang X, Kantawong F, Anuchapreeda S, Qin D, Mei Q, Chen J, Huang X, Zhang C, Wu J. Apoptosis in megakaryocytes: Safeguard and threat for thrombopoiesis. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1025945. [PMID: 36685543 PMCID: PMC9845629 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1025945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets, generated from precursor megakaryocytes (MKs), are central mediators of hemostasis and thrombosis. The process of thrombopoiesis is extremely complex, regulated by multiple factors, and related to many cellular events including apoptosis. However, the role of apoptosis in thrombopoiesis has been controversial for many years. Some researchers believe that apoptosis is an ally of thrombopoiesis and platelets production is apoptosis-dependent, while others have suggested that apoptosis is dispensable for thrombopoiesis, and is even inhibited during this process. In this review, we will focus on this conflict, discuss the relationship between megakaryocytopoiesis, thrombopoiesis and apoptosis. In addition, we also consider why such a vast number of studies draw opposite conclusions of the role of apoptosis in thrombopoiesis, and try to figure out the truth behind the mystery. This review provides more comprehensive insights into the relationship between megakaryocytopoiesis, thrombopoiesis, and apoptosis and finds some clues for the possible pathological mechanisms of platelet disorders caused by abnormal apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Long Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yuesong Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Anguo Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, the Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education of China, Medical Key Laboratory for Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Luzhou, China
| | - Feihong Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, the Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education of China, Medical Key Laboratory for Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqin Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Fahsai Kantawong
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Songyot Anuchapreeda
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Dalian Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Qibing Mei
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xinwu Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Chunxiang Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, the Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education of China, Medical Key Laboratory for Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Luzhou, China
| | - Jianming Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, the Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education of China, Medical Key Laboratory for Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Luzhou, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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26
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Antika L, Meilawati L, Dewi R, Tasfiyati A, Septama A. Scopoletin: Anticancer potential and mechanism of action. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2023. [DOI: 10.4103/2221-1691.367685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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27
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Rather IA, Lew LC, Kamli MR, Hakeem KR, Sabir JSM, Park YH, Hor YY. The Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 and the Modulation of Inflammatory Responses by the Extract of Lactobacillus sakei Probio65. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10122106. [PMID: 36560517 PMCID: PMC9787410 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10122106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the three years since the first outbreak of COVID-19 in 2019, the SARS-CoV-2 virus has continued to be prevalent in our community. It is believed that the virus will remain present, and be transmitted at a predictable rate, turning endemic. A major challenge that leads to this is the constant yet rapid mutation of the virus, which has rendered vaccination and current treatments less effective. In this study, the Lactobacillus sakei Probio65 extract (P65-CFS) was tested for its safety and efficacy in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 replication. Viral load quantification by RT-PCR showed that the P65-CFS inhibited SARS-CoV-2 replication in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells in a dose-dependent manner, with 150 mg/mL being the most effective concentration (60.16% replication inhibition) (p < 0.05). No cytotoxicity was inflicted on the HEK 293 cells, human corneal epithelial (HCE) cells, or human cervical (HeLa) cells, as confirmed by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The P65-CFS (150 mg/mL) also reduced 83.40% of reactive oxidizing species (ROS) and extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) phosphorylation in virus-infected cells, both of which function as important biomarkers for the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, inflammatory markers, including interferon-α (IFN-α), IFN-ß, and interleukin-6 (IL-6), were all downregulated by P65-CFS in virus-infected cells as compared to the untreated control (p < 0.05). It was conclusively found that L. sakei Probio65 showed notable therapeutic efficacy in vitro by controlling not only viral multiplication but also pathogenicity; this finding suggests its potential to prevent severe COVID-19 and shorten the duration of infectiousness, thus proving useful as an adjuvant along with the currently available treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irfan A. Rather
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (I.A.R.); (Y.-Y.H.)
| | - Lee-Ching Lew
- Probionic Corporation Jeonbuk Institute for Food-Bioindustry, 111-18, Wonjangdong-gil, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si 54810, Republic of Korea
| | - Majid Rasool Kamli
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Rehman Hakeem
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Princess Dr. Najla Bint Saud Al-Saud Center for Excellence Research in Biotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Public Health, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1341, Bangladesh
| | - Jamal S. M. Sabir
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yong-Ha Park
- Probionic Corporation Jeonbuk Institute for Food-Bioindustry, 111-18, Wonjangdong-gil, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si 54810, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
- PYH Lab, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Yan-Yan Hor
- Probionic Corporation Jeonbuk Institute for Food-Bioindustry, 111-18, Wonjangdong-gil, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si 54810, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (I.A.R.); (Y.-Y.H.)
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Vaccinium bracteatum Thunb Extract Inhibits HSV-1 Infection by Regulating ER Stress and Apoptosis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091773. [PMID: 36139847 PMCID: PMC9495922 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex Type 1 (HSV-1) is a neurotropic virus that infects the peripheral and central nervous system. Usually, after primary infection in epithelial cells, HSV-1 migrates retrograde to the peripheral nervous system (PNS), where it establishes a latent infection. HSV-1 can remain latent in the nervous system, and its reactivation in the brain can rarely cause acute HSV-1 encephalitis, often a life-threatening condition, or asymptomatic reactivations that could lead to neuronal damage and ultimately neurodegenerative disorders. Acyclovir and related nucleoside analogs have been used as therapeutic agents for HSV-1 infection, but resistance to the drug can arise, and the protective effect of HSV-1 on brain cells is limited. Therefore, there is an urgent need for research into safe and effective new antiviral agents that can protect brain cells from the damage that is caused by HSV-1 infection. Vaccinium bracteatum Thunb. (VBT) is widely distributed in Korea and China, and has pharmacological actions such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antidiabetic activity. Studies on the antiviral effect of VBT on HSV-1 infection have not been reported so far. Therefore, we sought to determine the HSV-1 antiviral effect and molecular mechanism of VBT at the cellular level. We confirmed that VBT repressed the VP16 and IE genes in both Vero and SK-N-SH cells. We also found that the generation of HSV-1 virions was inhibited by VBT treatment. VBT inhibited the activities of the HSV-1-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stressors PERK, ATF4, and CHOP. We confirmed that VBT inhibited the activity of apoptosis factors by regulating the expression of death receptor (DR) after HSV-1 infection. As HSV-1 is closely associated with brain diseases, the study of the antiviral drug effects and mechanism of VBT is meaningful. Further studies using animal models of infection will also be performed to determine the potential of VBT as an antiviral agent.
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Li X, Zhu J, Lin Q, Yu M, Lu J, Feng J, Hu C. Effects of Curcumin on Mitochondrial Function, Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, and Mitochondria-Associated Endoplasmic Reticulum Membranes in the Jejunum of Oxidative Stress Piglets. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:8974-8985. [PMID: 35849777 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c02824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes (MAMs) are not only critical for the communication between two organelles but also crucial for cellular processes such as energy metabolism, calcium signaling, and mitochondrial dynamics. The effects of curcumin on jejunal mitochondria, ER, and MAMs in piglets under diquat-induced oxidative stress were assessed. Twenty-four piglets (35 days old, weaned at 21 days, 9.54 ± 0.28 kg, six piglets per group) were used in the study: (1) control group; (2) control + curcumin group; (3) diquat group; and (4) diquat + curcumin group. Curcumin was mixed with the basic diet at 200 mg/kg and fed to piglets. Piglets were administered intraperitoneally of 0.9% saline solution or diquat at 10 mg/kg body weight on the first day. Compared with the diquat group, curcumin improved jejunal morphology and barrier function. Meanwhile, curcumin improved mitochondrial function and ultrastructure, alleviated endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), and inhibited apoptosis induced by diquat. Moreover, curcumin prevented excessive MAM formation and alleviated MAM disorder. In conclusion, dietary curcumin ameliorated jejunal damage and mitochondrial dysfunction, attenuated ERS, and alleviated MAM disorder in oxidative stress piglets induced by diquat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- College of Animal Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Zhu
- College of Animal Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Lin
- College of Animal Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Minjie Yu
- College of Animal Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianjun Lu
- College of Animal Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Feng
- College of Animal Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Caihong Hu
- College of Animal Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
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mTOR Modulates the Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Induced CD4+ T Cell Apoptosis Mediated by ROS in Septic Immunosuppression. Mediators Inflamm 2022; 2022:6077570. [PMID: 35915740 PMCID: PMC9338879 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6077570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction When sepsis attacks the body, the excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production can result to endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and eventually cause lymphocyte apoptosis. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is essential for regulating lymphocyte apoptosis; we hypothesized that it mediates CD4+ T cell apoptosis during ROS-related ERS. Method We, respectively, used ROS and ERS blockers to intervene septic mice and then detected ERS protein expression levels to verify the relationship between them. Additionally, we constructed T cell-specific mTOR and TSC1 gene knockout mice to determine the role of mTOR in ROS-mediated, ERS-induced CD4+ T cell apoptosis. Results Blocking ROS significantly suppressed the CD4+ T cell apoptosis associated with the reduction in ERS, as revealed by lower levels of GRP78 and CHOP. ERS rapidly induced mTOR activation, leading to the induction of CD4+ T cell apoptosis. However, mTOR knockout mice displayed reduced expression of apoptotic proteins and less ER vesiculation and expansion than what was observed in the wild-type sepsis controls. Conclusion By working to alleviate ROS-mediated, ERS-induced CD4+ T cell apoptosis, the mTOR pathway is vital for CD4+ T cell survival in sepsis mouse model.
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San-Huang-Chai-Zhu Formula Ameliorates Liver Injury in Intrahepatic Cholestasis through Suppressing SIRT1/PGC-1 α-Regulated Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:7832540. [PMID: 35845569 PMCID: PMC9286970 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7832540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Chinese herbal formulae possess promising applications in treating intrahepatic cholestasis. Objective Our study aims to explore the protective effect of the San-Huang-Chai-Zhu formula (SHCZF) on liver injury in intrahepatic cholestasis (IC) and investigate the underlying mechanism related to mitochondrial oxidative stress. Methods An IC rat model was established by α-naphthyl isothiocyanate induction. Hepatic histomorphology was observed through hematoxylin and eosin staining. Levels of biochemical indexes of hepatic function and oxidative stress were determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cell apoptosis in liver tissues was detected by the TUNEL assay. The mRNA expression of mtDNA, SIRT1, and PGC-1α was measured by qRT-PCR, and the protein expression of Bax, Bcl-2, caspase-3, SIRT1, and PGC-1α was determined by Western blotting. Results SHCZF treatment attenuated liver injury in IC. Levels of hepatic function parameters were decreased after SHCZF administration. In addition, the decreased level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the increased levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in hepatic mitochondria confirmed that SHCZF could attenuate oxidative stress in IC. SHCZF treatment also reduced the apoptosis in the liver tissues of IC rats. Furthermore, SHCZF administration upregulated the expression of mtDNA, SIRT1, and PGC-1α in IC. Conclusions SHCZF exerts a protective effect on liver injury in IC via alleviating SIRT1/PGC-1α-regulated mitochondrial oxidative stress.
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Beigi T, Safi A, Satvati M, Kalantari-Hesari A, Ahmadi R, Meshkibaf MH. Protective role of ellagic acid and taurine against fluoxetine induced hepatotoxic effects on biochemical and oxidative stress parameters, histopathological changes, and gene expressions of IL-1β, NF-κB, and TNF-α in male Wistar rats. Life Sci 2022; 304:120679. [PMID: 35662648 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSES Hepatic bioactivation of fluoxetine (FXN) could increase free radicals' generation provoking hepatotoxicity. Therefore, the protective effects of ellagic acid (EA) and taurine (TAU) treatments against fluoxetine-induced liver damage in rats were examined. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty four male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to 8 groups (n = 8). Group (1) Control, group (2) FXN, group (3) FXN + EA, group (4) FXN + TAU, group (5) FXN + EA + TAU, group (6) EA, group (7) TAU, and group (8) EA + TAU. Then, the serum and tissue parameters of the oxidative stress were examined. KEY FINDINGS FXN significantly raised serum MDA, protein carbonyl, lipid profile, ALT, AST, ALP, total bilirubin, serum IL-1β; and gene expressions of IL-1β, NF-κB, and TNF-α. Moreover, it significantly decreased HDL-C, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), catalase activity, vitamin C, and SOD activity in the liver compared to group 1. When compared to group 2, EA and TAU treatment dramatically increased antioxidant capacity and lowered hepatotoxic biochemical markers and cellular inflammation. Results also showed a protective effect of treatment against oxidative damage caused by hepatocytes' cytoarchitecture. SIGNIFICANCE Our study concluded the beneficial effects of EA and TAU on FXN-induced hepatotoxicity. These effects were derived from free radical scavenging properties and the anti-inflammatory effects related to IL-1β, NF-κB, and TNF-α gene expression inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayebeh Beigi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Amir Safi
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mahdi Satvati
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Ali Kalantari-Hesari
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Reza Ahmadi
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
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Yaakoub H, Mina S, Calenda A, Bouchara JP, Papon N. Oxidative stress response pathways in fungi. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:333. [PMID: 35648225 PMCID: PMC11071803 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04353-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Fungal response to any stress is intricate, specific, and multilayered, though it employs only a few evolutionarily conserved regulators. This comes with the assumption that one regulator operates more than one stress-specific response. Although the assumption holds true, the current understanding of molecular mechanisms that drive response specificity and adequacy remains rudimentary. Deciphering the response of fungi to oxidative stress may help fill those knowledge gaps since it is one of the most encountered stress types in any kind of fungal niche. Data have been accumulating on the roles of the HOG pathway and Yap1- and Skn7-related pathways in mounting distinct and robust responses in fungi upon exposure to oxidative stress. Herein, we review recent and most relevant studies reporting the contribution of each of these pathways in response to oxidative stress in pathogenic and opportunistic fungi after giving a paralleled overview in two divergent models, the budding and fission yeasts. With the concept of stress-specific response and the importance of reactive oxygen species in fungal development, we first present a preface on the expanding domain of redox biology and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajar Yaakoub
- Univ Angers, Univ Brest, IRF, SFR ICAT, 49000, Angers, France
| | - Sara Mina
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | | | - Nicolas Papon
- Univ Angers, Univ Brest, IRF, SFR ICAT, 49000, Angers, France.
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He L, Liu H, Wu J, Cheng Z, Yu F. Construction of a mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum dual-targeted red-emitting fluorescent probe for imaging peroxynitrite in living cells and zebrafish. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200388. [PMID: 35521668 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Peroxynitrite (ONOO - ) is one of the important reactive oxygen species, which plays a vital role in the physiological process of intracellular redox balance. Revealing the biological functions of ONOO - will contribute to further understanding of the oxidative process of organisms. In this work, we designed and synthesized a novel red-emitting fluorescent probe MCSA for the detection of ONOO - , which could rapidly respond to ONOO - within 250 s and exhibited high sensitivity to ONOO - with a low detection limit of 78 nM. Co-localization experiments demonstrated MCSA had the ability to localize into the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum. What's more, MCSA enabled monitoring ONOO - level changes during tunicamycin-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress. We have also successfully achieved the visual detection of exogenous and endogenous ONOO - in living cells and zebrafish. This work presented a chemical tool for imaging ONOO - in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingchao He
- Qufu Normal University, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, CHINA
| | - Heng Liu
- Hainan Medical University, College of Emergency and Trauma, CHINA
| | - Jinsheng Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Department of Radiotherapy, CHINA
| | - Ziyi Cheng
- Hainan Medical University, College of Emergency and Trauma, CHINA
| | - Fabiao Yu
- Hainan Medical University, Institute of Functional Materials and Molecular Imaging, 3 College Road, Longhua District, Haikou, China, 571199, Hainan, CHINA
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Redox Control of the Dormant Cancer Cell Life Cycle. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102707. [PMID: 34685686 PMCID: PMC8535080 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Following efficient tumor therapy, some cancer cells may survive through a dormancy process, contributing to tumor recurrence and worse outcomes. Dormancy is considered a process where most cancer cells in a tumor cell population are quiescent with no, or only slow, proliferation. Recent advances indicate that redox mechanisms control the dormant cancer cell life cycle, including dormancy entrance, long-term dormancy, and metastatic relapse. This regulatory network is orchestrated mainly through redox modification on key regulators or global change of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in dormant cancer cells. Encouragingly, several strategies targeting redox signaling, including sleeping, awaking, or killing dormant cancer cells are currently under early clinical evaluation. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying redox control of the dormant cancer cell cycle are poorly understood and need further exploration. In this review, we discuss the underlying molecular basis of redox signaling in the cell life cycle of dormant cancer and the potential redox-based targeting strategies for eliminating dormant cancer cells.
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Cho SN, Choi JA, Lee J, Son SH, Lee SA, Nguyen TD, Choi SY, Song CH. Ang II-Induced Hypertension Exacerbates the Pathogenesis of Tuberculosis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092478. [PMID: 34572127 PMCID: PMC8465031 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been known that infection plays a role in the development of hypertension. However, the role of hypertension in the progression of infectious diseases remain unknown. Many countries with high rates of hypertension show geographical overlaps with those showing high incidence rates of tuberculosis (TB). To explore the role of hypertension in tuberculosis, we compared the effects of hypertension during mycobacterial infection, we infected both hypertensive Angiotensin II (Ang II) and control mice with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strain H37Ra by intratracheal injection. Ang II-induced hypertension promotes cell death through both apoptosis and necrosis in Mtb H37Ra infected mouse lungs. Interestingly, we found that lipid accumulation in pulmonary tissues was significantly increased in the hypertension group compared to the normal controls. Ang II-induced hypertension increases the formation of foamy macrophages during Mtb infection and it leads to cell death. Moreover, the hypertension group showed more severe granuloma formation and fibrotic lesions in comparison with the control group. Finally, we observed that the total number of mycobacteria was increased in the lungs in the hypertension group compared to the normal controls. Taken together, these results suggest that hypertension increases intracellular survival of Mtb through formation of foamy macrophages, resulting in severe pathogenesis of TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Na Cho
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (S.-N.C.); (J.-A.C.); (J.L.); (S.-H.S.); (S.-A.L.); (T.-D.N.)
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Ji-Ae Choi
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (S.-N.C.); (J.-A.C.); (J.L.); (S.-H.S.); (S.-A.L.); (T.-D.N.)
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Junghwan Lee
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (S.-N.C.); (J.-A.C.); (J.L.); (S.-H.S.); (S.-A.L.); (T.-D.N.)
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Sang-Hun Son
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (S.-N.C.); (J.-A.C.); (J.L.); (S.-H.S.); (S.-A.L.); (T.-D.N.)
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Seong-Ahn Lee
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (S.-N.C.); (J.-A.C.); (J.L.); (S.-H.S.); (S.-A.L.); (T.-D.N.)
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Tam-Doan Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (S.-N.C.); (J.-A.C.); (J.L.); (S.-H.S.); (S.-A.L.); (T.-D.N.)
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Song-Yi Choi
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea;
- Translational Immunology Institute, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Chang-Hwa Song
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (S.-N.C.); (J.-A.C.); (J.L.); (S.-H.S.); (S.-A.L.); (T.-D.N.)
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
- Translational Immunology Institute, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-42-580-8245; Fax: +82-42-585-3686
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Non-Coding RNAs and Reactive Oxygen Species–Symmetric Players of the Pathogenesis Associated with Bacterial and Viral Infections. Symmetry (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/sym13071307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections can be triggered by a wide range of pathogens. However, there are few strains of bacteria that cause illness, but some are quite life-threatening. Likewise, viral infections are responsible for many human diseases, usually characterized by high contagiousness. Hence, as bacterial and viral infections can both cause similar symptoms, it can be difficult to determine the exact cause of a specific infection, and this limitation is critical. However, recent scientific advances have geared us up with the proper tools required for better diagnoses. Recent discoveries have confirmed the involvement of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in regulating the pathogenesis of certain bacterial or viral infections. Moreover, the presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is also known as a common infection trait that can be used to achieve a more complete description of such pathogen-driven conditions. Thus, this opens further research opportunities, allowing scientists to explore infection-associated genetic patterns and develop better diagnosis and treatment methods. Therefore, the aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge of the implication of ncRNAs and ROS in bacterial and viral infections, with great emphasis on their symmetry but, also, on their main differences.
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