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Jin Z, Wang X. Traditional Chinese medicine and plant-derived natural products in regulating triglyceride metabolism: Mechanisms and therapeutic potential. Pharmacol Res 2024; 208:107387. [PMID: 39216839 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The incidence of cardiometabolic disease is increasing globally, with a trend toward younger age of onset. Among these, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Despite the efficacy of traditional lipid-lowering drugs, such as statins, in reducing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, a significant residual risk of cardiovascular events remains, which is closely related to unmet triglyceride (TG) targets. The clinical application of current TG-lowering Western medicines has certain limitations, necessitating alternative or complementary therapeutic strategies. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and plant-derived natural products, known for their safety owing to their natural origins and diverse biological activities, offer promising avenues for TG regulation with potentially fewer side effects. This review systematically summarises the mechanisms of TG metabolism and subsequently reviews the regulatory effects of TCM and plant-derived natural products on TG metabolism, including the inhibition of TG synthesis (via endogenous and exogenous pathways), promotion of TG catabolism, regulation of fatty acid absorption and transport, enhancement of lipophagy, modulation of the gut microbiota, and other mechanisms. In conclusion, through a comprehensive analysis of recent studies, this review consolidates the multifaceted regulatory roles of TCM and plant-derived natural products in TG metabolism and elucidates their potential as safer, multi-target therapeutic agents in managing hypertriglyceridemia and mitigating cardiovascular risk, thereby providing a basis for new drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Jin
- Cardiovascular Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- Cardiovascular Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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2
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Hao J, Jin X, Li Z, Zhu Y, Wang L, Jiang X, Wang D, Qi L, Jia D, Gao B. Anti-Obesity Activity of Sanghuangporus vaninii by Inhibiting Inflammation in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet. Nutrients 2024; 16:2159. [PMID: 38999906 PMCID: PMC11243596 DOI: 10.3390/nu16132159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an unhealthy condition associated with various diseases characterized by excess fat accumulation. However, in China, the prevalence of obesity is 14.1%, and it remains challenging to achieve weight loss or resolve this issue through clinical interventions. Sanghuangpours vaninii (SPV) is a nutritional fungus with multiple pharmacological activities and serves as an ideal dietary intervention for combating obesity. In this study, a long-term high-fat diet (HFD) was administered to induce obesity in mice. Different doses of SPV and the positive drug simvastatin (SV) were administered to mice to explore their potential anti-obesity effects. SPV regulated weight, serum lipids, and adipocyte size while inhibiting inflammation and hepatic steatosis. Compared with the vehicle-treated HFD-fed mice, the lowest decreases in total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were 9.72%, 9.29%, and 12.29%, respectively, and the lowest increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was 5.88% after treatment with different doses of SPV. With SPV treatment, the analysis of gut microbiota and serum lipids revealed a significant association between lipids and inflammation-related factors, specifically sphingomyelin. Moreover, Western blotting results showed that SPV regulated the toll-like receptor (TLR4)/nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway in HFD-diet mice, which is related to inflammation and lipid metabolism. This research presents empirical proof of the impact of SPV therapy on obesity conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Hao
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (J.H.); (X.J.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (L.W.); (D.W.)
| | - Xinghui Jin
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (J.H.); (X.J.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (L.W.); (D.W.)
| | - Zhige Li
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (J.H.); (X.J.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (L.W.); (D.W.)
| | - Yanfeng Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (J.H.); (X.J.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (L.W.); (D.W.)
| | - Lu Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (J.H.); (X.J.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (L.W.); (D.W.)
| | - Xue Jiang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China;
| | - Di Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (J.H.); (X.J.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (L.W.); (D.W.)
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Liangliang Qi
- Microbiology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China;
| | - Dongxu Jia
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (J.H.); (X.J.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (L.W.); (D.W.)
| | - Bo Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (J.H.); (X.J.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (L.W.); (D.W.)
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3
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Xie L, Yuan Y, Yang F, Jiang H, Yang F, Yang C, Yu Z. Comparative analysis of antioxidant activities and chemical compositions in the extracts of different edible parts from Camellia tetracocca Zhang ( C. tetracocca) with two distinct color characteristics. Food Chem X 2024; 22:101496. [PMID: 38817977 PMCID: PMC11137522 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The Camellia tetracocca Zhang is a rare and ancient plant, exclusively found in the vicinity of Puan County, Guizhou Province, China. According to leaf color, two distinct variations have been identified: purple C. tetracocca Zhang (PCTZ) and green C. tetracocca (GCTZ). This research was conducted to investigate the antioxidant activities and chemical compositions of different edible parts of PCTZ and GCTZ. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH, ABTS, HSA, and T-AOC assays, while the content of compounds was determined by HPLC. The findings demonstrated that the antioxidant capacity of PCTZ leaves is significantly superior to that of GCTZ leaves. Notably, theacrine, a rare compound, contains up to 2.075% in PCTZ leaves, indicating potential as a novel natural antidepressant and antioxidant. In conclusion, PCTZ is a distinctive tea beverage and a valuable genetic material for tea tree breeding due to its high theacrine and low caffeine characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Feijiao Yang
- School of Life Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Huqin Jiang
- School of Life Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Feng Yang
- School of Life Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Chenju Yang
- School of Life Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zhengwen Yu
- School of Life Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China
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4
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Guzman S, Melara RD. Effects of Covid-19-related anxiety on overeating and weight gain in a diverse college sample. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38579128 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2024.2337009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
The outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic has been linked with caloric overeating and weight gain. We employed a mediation analysis to determine whether pandemic-associated overeating was a direct effect of Covid-19-related anxiety (affect regulation theory) or mediated by a coping mechanism of escape eating (escape theory). A diverse pool of college students participated in a repeated cross-sectional study during three separate waves: May 2021 (wave 1, n = 349), December 2021 (wave 2, n = 253), and March 2022 (wave 3, n = 132). The results revealed a significant indirect effect of Covid-19-related anxiety on high-caloric overeating mediated by escape eating, but no direct path between Covid-19-related anxiety and caloric overeating. Analysis of racial/ethnic status uncovered significantly greater Covid-weight gain in Hispanic participants compared with White, Black, and Asian participants. Our results suggest that Covid-19 weight gain is a byproduct of a mediated escape mechanism differentially affecting racial/ethnic groups.
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Subramaniyan V, Lubau NSA, Mukerjee N, Kumarasamy V. Alcohol-induced liver injury in signalling pathways and curcumin's therapeutic potential. Toxicol Rep 2023; 11:355-367. [PMID: 37868808 PMCID: PMC10585641 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2023.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Confronting the profound public health concern of alcohol-induced liver damage calls for inventive therapeutic measures. The social, economic, and clinical ramifications are extensive and demand a comprehensive understanding. This thorough examination uncovers the complex relationship between alcohol intake and liver damage, with a special emphasis on the pivotal roles of the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/NF-κB p65 and CYP2E1/ROS/Nrf2 signalling networks. Different alcohol consumption patterns, determined by a myriad of factors, have significant implications for liver health, leading to a spectrum of adverse effects. The TLR4/NF-κB p65 pathway, a principal regulator of inflammation and immune responses, significantly contributes to various disease states when its balance is disrupted. Notably, the TLR4/MD-2-TNF-α pathway has been linked to non-alcohol related liver disease, while NF-κB activation is associated with alcohol-induced liver disease (ALD). The p65 subunit of NF-κB, primarily responsible for the release of inflammatory cytokines, hastens the progression of ALD. Breakthrough insights suggest that curcumin, a robust antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compound sourced from turmeric, effectively disrupts the TLR4/NF-κB p65 pathway. This heralds a new approach to managing alcohol-induced liver damage. Initial clinical trials support curcumin's therapeutic potential, highlighting its ability to substantially reduce liver enzyme levels. The narrative surrounding alcohol-related liver injury is gradually becoming more intricate, intertwining complex signalling networks such as TLR4/NF-κB p65 and CYP2E1/ROS/Nrf2. The protective role of curcumin against alcohol-related liver damage marks the dawn of new treatment possibilities. However, the full realisation of this promising therapeutic potential necessitates rigorous future research to definitively understand these complex mechanisms and establish curcumin's effectiveness and safety in managing alcohol-related liver disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vetriselvan Subramaniyan
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600077, India
| | - Natasha Sura Anak Lubau
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nobendu Mukerjee
- Department of Microbiology, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Centenary Collage, Kolkata, West Bengal 700118, India
- Department of Health Sciences, Novel Global Community and Educational Foundation, Australia
| | - Vinoth Kumarasamy
- Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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6
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Craciunescu O, Seciu-Grama AM, Mihai E, Utoiu E, Negreanu-Pirjol T, Lupu CE, Artem V, Ranca A, Negreanu-Pirjol BS. The Chemical Profile, Antioxidant, and Anti-Lipid Droplet Activity of Fluid Extracts from Romanian Cultivars of Haskap Berries, Bitter Cherries, and Red Grape Pomace for the Management of Liver Steatosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16849. [PMID: 38069172 PMCID: PMC10706173 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate, for the first time, the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of fluid extracts obtained from three Romanian cultivars of haskap berries (Lonicera caerulea L.) var. Loni, bitter cherries (Prunus avium var. sylvestris Ser.) var. Silva, and pomace from red grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) var. Mamaia, and their capacity to modulate in vitro steatosis, in view of developing novel anti-obesity products. Total phenolic, flavonoid, anthocyanin, and ascorbic acid content of fluid extracts was spectrophotometrically assessed and their free radical scavenging capacity was evaluated using Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC) and free 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical inhibition assays. The Pearson coefficients showed a moderate correlation between the antioxidant activity of fluid extracts and their phenolic content, but a strong correlation between anthocyanin and ascorbic acid content. HPLC analysis identified and quantified the main phenolic compounds of chlorogenic and syringic acid, catechin, and glycosylated kaempferol, apigenin, and quercetin, in variable proportions. An in vitro experimental model of steatosis was developed in HepG2 hepatocytes treated with a mixture of free fatty acids. Cell culture analyses showed that cytocompatible concentrations of fluid extracts could significantly reduce the lipid accumulation and inhibit the reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, and nitric oxide secretion in stressed hepatocytes. In conclusion, these results put an emphasis on the chemical compounds' high antioxidant and liver protection capacity of unstudied fluid extracts obtained from Romanian cultivars of bitter cherries var. Silva and pomace of red grapes var. Mamaia, similar to the fluid extract of haskap berries var. Loni, in particular, the positive modulation of fat deposition next to oxidative stress and the lipid peroxidation process triggered by fatty acids in HepG2 hepatocytes. Consequently, this study indicated that these fluid extracts could be further exploited as hepatoprotective agents in liver steatosis, which provides a basis for the further development of novel extract mixtures with synergistic activity as anti-obesity products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana Craciunescu
- National Institute of R&D for Biological Sciences, 060031 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-M.S.-G.); (E.M.); (E.U.)
| | - Ana-Maria Seciu-Grama
- National Institute of R&D for Biological Sciences, 060031 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-M.S.-G.); (E.M.); (E.U.)
| | - Elena Mihai
- National Institute of R&D for Biological Sciences, 060031 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-M.S.-G.); (E.M.); (E.U.)
| | - Elena Utoiu
- National Institute of R&D for Biological Sciences, 060031 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-M.S.-G.); (E.M.); (E.U.)
| | - Ticuta Negreanu-Pirjol
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University Ovidius of Constanta, 900470 Constanta, Romania; (C.E.L.); (B.-S.N.-P.)
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Ilfov Street, No. 3, 050044 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Carmen Elena Lupu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University Ovidius of Constanta, 900470 Constanta, Romania; (C.E.L.); (B.-S.N.-P.)
| | - Victoria Artem
- Research-Development Station for Viticulture and Winemaking of Murfatlar, 905100 Murfatlar, Romania; (V.A.); (A.R.)
| | - Aurora Ranca
- Research-Development Station for Viticulture and Winemaking of Murfatlar, 905100 Murfatlar, Romania; (V.A.); (A.R.)
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Kim N, Lee S, Jung EJ, Jung EY, Chang UJ, Jin CM, Suh HJ, Choi HS. Yeast-Hydrolysate-Derived 1-Methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline-3-carboxylic Acid Inhibits Fat Accumulation during Adipocyte Differentiation. Foods 2023; 12:3466. [PMID: 37761175 PMCID: PMC10528377 DOI: 10.3390/foods12183466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the impact of yeast hydrolysate (YH) on lipogenesis, elucidate its mechanistic action, and identify the active compounds responsible for its anti-adipogenic effects. YH (2 mg/mL) significantly reduced Oil Red O-stained lipids. YH (2 mg/mL) also downregulated C/EBPβ and upregulated KLF2, both of which are early adipogenic factors. Moreover, YH (2 mg/mL) decreased C/EBPα, PPARγ, FABP4, FAS, ACC, and HMGCR mRNA expression. Additionally, YH significantly downregulated SEBP1c and SREBP2 and their target genes, which govern fatty acid and cholesterol metabolism; however, 2 mg/mL YH had a greater suppressive effect on SREBP1c than on SREBP2. YH (2 mg/mL) also significantly reduced the mRNA level of G6PD and malic enzyme, which are enzymes that synthesize NADPH for lipid synthesis, compared with the control. Furthermore, 1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline-3-carboxylic acid (MTCA) was identified as the active compound with anti-adipogenic effects using solvent fractionation and chromatographic analysis of YH, and 1.1 μg/mL MTCA significantly downregulated SREBP1c/SREBP2 mRNAs by 47.8% and 69.2%, respectively, along with the target genes FAS, ACC, and HMGCR by 79.0%, 77.0%, and 40.9%, respectively. Collectively, YH effectively suppressed adipogenic lipid storage by downregulating SREBP- and NADPH-synthesizing genes. These findings suggest that YH containing MTCA has the potential to act as an anti-obesity agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nari Kim
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; (N.K.); (S.L.)
| | - Sekyung Lee
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; (N.K.); (S.L.)
- Transdisciplinary Major in Learning Health Systems, Department of Healthcare Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jin Jung
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea;
| | - Eun Young Jung
- Department of Home Economic Education, Jeonju University, Jeonju 55069, Republic of Korea;
| | - Un-Jae Chang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Dongduk Women’s University, Seoul 02748, Republic of Korea;
| | - Cheng-Min Jin
- Analysis and Research Department, NeuroVIS, Inc., Hwaseong-si 18469, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hyung Joo Suh
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; (N.K.); (S.L.)
- Transdisciplinary Major in Learning Health Systems, Department of Healthcare Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Son Choi
- Department of Food Nutrition, Sangmyung University, Hongjimun 2-Gil 20, Jongno-Gu, Seoul 03016, Republic of Korea
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Simon A, Mazhar S, Khokhlova E, Leeuwendaal N, Phipps C, Deaton J, Rea K, Colom J. Solarplast ®-An Enzymatically Treated Spinach Extract. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2678. [PMID: 37514292 PMCID: PMC10384499 DOI: 10.3390/plants12142678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
In the modern world we are constantly bombarded by environmental and natural stimuli that can result in oxidative stress. Antioxidant molecules and enzymes help the human body scavenge reactive oxygen species and prevent oxidative damage. Most organisms possess intrinsic antioxidant activity, but also benefit from the consumption of antioxidants from their diet. Leafy green vegetables such as spinach are a well-researched rich source of dietary antioxidant molecules. However, plant cell walls are difficult to digest for many individuals and the bio-accessibility of nutrients and antioxidants from these sources can be limited by the degree of digestion and assimilation. Through a specific enzymatic process, Solarplast® contains organic spinach protoplasts without the cell wall, which may facilitate higher yield and efficacy of beneficial antioxidant molecules. In this study, analytical techniques coupled to in vitro bioassays were used to determine the potential antioxidant activity of Solarplast® and determine its antioxidant enzymatic capabilities. Solarplast® demonstrated superior antioxidant activity when compared to frozen spinach leaves in TOC, FRAP and TEAC antioxidant assays. Several antioxidant enzymes were also increased in Solarplast®, when compared to frozen spinach. As a functional readout, Solarplast® attenuated hydrogen peroxide-, ethanol- and acetaminophen-induced increases in oxidative stress and cytotoxicity in both intestinal (HT-29) and liver (HepG2) cell lines. These findings suggest that Solarplast® may represent a non-GMO, plant-based food supplement to help reduce oxidative stress in the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Simon
- ADM Cork H&W Limited, Food Science Building, University College Cork, T12 Y337 Cork, Ireland
| | - Shahneela Mazhar
- ADM Cork H&W Limited, Food Science Building, University College Cork, T12 Y337 Cork, Ireland
| | - Ekaterina Khokhlova
- ADM Cork H&W Limited, Food Science Building, University College Cork, T12 Y337 Cork, Ireland
| | - Natasha Leeuwendaal
- ADM Cork H&W Limited, Food Science Building, University College Cork, T12 Y337 Cork, Ireland
| | - Christopher Phipps
- ADM Deerland Probiotics and Enzymes, 3800 Cobb International Boulevard, Kennesaw, GA 30152, USA
| | - John Deaton
- ADM Deerland Probiotics and Enzymes, 3800 Cobb International Boulevard, Kennesaw, GA 30152, USA
| | - Kieran Rea
- ADM Cork H&W Limited, Food Science Building, University College Cork, T12 Y337 Cork, Ireland
| | - Joan Colom
- ADM Cork H&W Limited, Food Science Building, University College Cork, T12 Y337 Cork, Ireland
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9
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Forte P, Encarnação S, Monteiro AM, Teixeira JE, Hattabi S, Sortwell A, Branquinho L, Amaro B, Sampaio T, Flores P, Silva-Santos S, Ribeiro J, Batista A, Ferraz R, Rodrigues F. A Deep Learning Neural Network to Classify Obesity Risk in Portuguese Adolescents Based on Physical Fitness Levels and Body Mass Index Percentiles: Insights for National Health Policies. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:522. [PMID: 37503969 PMCID: PMC10376847 DOI: 10.3390/bs13070522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity among adults is a risk factor for many chronic diseases and death. In addition, obesity among children and adolescents has reached unprecedented levels and studies show that obese children and adolescents are more likely to become obese adults. Therefore, both the prevention and treatment of obesity in adolescents are critical. This study aimed to develop an artificial intelligence (AI) neural network (NNET) model that identifies the risk of obesity in Portuguese adolescents based on their body mass index (BMI) percentiles and levels of physical fitness. Using datasets from the FITescola® project, 654 adolescents aged between 10-19 years old, male: 334 (51%), female: n = 320 (49%), age 13.8 ± 2 years old, were selected to participate in a cross-sectional observational study. Physical fitness variables, age, and sex were used to identify the risk of obesity. The NNET had good accuracy (75%) and performance validation through the Receiver Operating Characteristic using the Area Under the Curve (ROC AUC = 64%) in identifying the risk of obesity in Portuguese adolescents based on the BMI percentiles. Correlations of moderate effect size were perceived for aerobic fitness (AF), upper limbs strength (ULS), and sprint time (ST), showing that some physical fitness variables contributed to the obesity risk of the adolescents. Our NNET presented a good accuracy (75%) and was validated with the K-Folds Cross-Validation (K-Folds CV) with good accuracy (71%) and ROC AUC (66%). According to the NNET, there was an increased risk of obesity linked to low physical fitness in Portuguese teenagers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Forte
- CI-ISCE, Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro (ISCE Douro), 4560-708 Penafiel, Portugal
- Department of Sport Sciences, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança (IPB), 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Samuel Encarnação
- CI-ISCE, Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro (ISCE Douro), 4560-708 Penafiel, Portugal
- Department of Sport Sciences, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança (IPB), 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Pysical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - António Miguel Monteiro
- Department of Sport Sciences, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança (IPB), 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - José Eduardo Teixeira
- Department of Sport Sciences, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança (IPB), 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Sport Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal
| | - Soukaina Hattabi
- CI-ISCE, Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro (ISCE Douro), 4560-708 Penafiel, Portugal
- High Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Elkef, University of Jendouba, Kef 7100, Tunisia
| | - Andrew Sortwell
- School of Health Sciences and Physiotherapy, University of Notre Dame Australia, Sydney 2007, Australia
- Department of Sports Sciences, University of Beria Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Luís Branquinho
- CI-ISCE, Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro (ISCE Douro), 4560-708 Penafiel, Portugal
- Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Bruna Amaro
- CI-ISCE, Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro (ISCE Douro), 4560-708 Penafiel, Portugal
| | - Tatiana Sampaio
- Department of Sport Sciences, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança (IPB), 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Pedro Flores
- CI-ISCE, Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro (ISCE Douro), 4560-708 Penafiel, Portugal
- Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Sandra Silva-Santos
- CI-ISCE, Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro (ISCE Douro), 4560-708 Penafiel, Portugal
- Research Center in Sports Performance, Recreation, Innovation and Technology (SPRINT-IPVC), Polytechnic Institute of Viana do Castelo, 4960-320 Viana do Castelo, Portugal
| | - Joana Ribeiro
- CI-ISCE, Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro (ISCE Douro), 4560-708 Penafiel, Portugal
- Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Amanda Batista
- CI-ISCE, Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro (ISCE Douro), 4560-708 Penafiel, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Ferraz
- Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Sports Sciences, University of Beria Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Filipe Rodrigues
- ESECS-Polytechnic of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
- Life Quality Research Center (CIEQV), 2040-413 Leiria, Portugal
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10
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Basu T, Sehar U, Selman A, Reddy AP, Reddy PH. Support Provided by Caregivers for Community-Dwelling Obesity Individuals: Focus on Elderly and Hispanics. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:1442. [PMID: 37239728 PMCID: PMC10218002 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11101442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic disease marked by the buildup of extra adipose tissue and a higher chance of developing concomitant illnesses such as heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure, and some malignancies. Over the past few decades, there has been a global increase in the prevalence of obesity, which now affects around one-third of the world's population. According to recent studies, a variety of factors, including genetics and biology as well as environmental, physiological, and psychosocial factors, may have a role in the development of obesity. The prevalence of obesity is often higher among Hispanic American groups than among White people in the U.S. Obesity is a widespread condition with a high risk of morbidity and death, and it is well-recognized that the prevalence of comorbidities rises with rising levels of obesity or body mass index. To combat the rising prevalence of obesity in the USA, especially among Hispanics, one of the fastest-growing racial/ethnic groups in the country, there is an urgent need for obesity therapies. The exact cause of this disparity is unclear, but some responsible factors are a lack of education, high unemployment rates, high levels of food insecurity, an unhealthy diet, inadequate access to physical activity resources, a lack of health insurance, and constricted access to culturally adequate healthcare. Additionally, managing obesity and giving needed/timely support to obese people is a difficult responsibility for medical professionals and their loved ones. The need for caregivers is increasing with the increased number of individuals with obesity, particularly Hispanics. Our article summarizes the status of obesity, focusing on Hispanic populations, and we also highlight specific factors that contribute to obesity, including genetics, epigenetics, biological, physiological, and psychosocial factors, medication and disease, environment, and socio-demographics. This article also reviews caregiver duties and challenges associated with caring for people with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanisha Basu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; (T.B.)
| | - Ujala Sehar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; (T.B.)
| | - Ashley Selman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; (T.B.)
| | - Arubala P. Reddy
- Nutritional Sciences Department, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - P. Hemachandra Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; (T.B.)
- Nutritional Sciences Department, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, School Health Professions, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Department of Public Health, School of Population and Public Health, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Neurology, Departments of School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
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11
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Rodríguez-Sojo MJ, Ruiz-Malagón AJ, Hidalgo-García L, Molina-Tijeras JA, Diez-Echave P, López-Escanez L, Rosati L, González-Lozano E, Cenis-Cifuentes L, García-García J, García F, Robles-Vera I, Romero M, Duarte J, Cenis JL, Lozano-Pérez AA, Gálvez J, Rodríguez-Cabezas ME, Rodríguez-Nogales A. The Prebiotic Effects of an Extract with Antioxidant Properties from Morus alba L. Contribute to Ameliorate High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity in Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040978. [PMID: 37107352 PMCID: PMC10136151 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a global health issue, in which modifications in gut microbiota composition have a key role. Different therapeutic strategies are being developed in combination with diet and exercise, including the use of plant extracts, such as those obtained from Morus alba L. leaves. Recent studies have revealed their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The aim of the present work was to evaluate whether the beneficial effects of M. alba L. leaf extract in high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice is correlated with its impact on gut microbiota. The extract reduced body weight gain and attenuated lipid accumulation, as well as increased glucose sensitivity. These effects were associated with an amelioration of the obesity-associated inflammatory status, most probably due to the described antioxidant properties of the extract. Moreover, M. alba L. leaf extract mitigated gut dysbiosis, which was evidenced by the restoration of the Firmicutes/Bacteroidota ratio and the decrease in plasma lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels. Specifically, the extract administration reduced Alistipes and increased Faecalibaculum abundance, these effects being correlated with the beneficial effects exerted by the extract on the obesity-associated inflammation. In conclusion, anti-obesogenic effects of M. alba L. leaf extract may be mediated through the amelioration of gut dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Jesús Rodríguez-Sojo
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs. GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Jesús Ruiz-Malagón
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs. GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Laura Hidalgo-García
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs. GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Jose Alberto Molina-Tijeras
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs. GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Patricia Diez-Echave
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs. GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Laura López-Escanez
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs. GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Lucrezia Rosati
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Elena González-Lozano
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | | | - Jorge García-García
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Federico García
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs. GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain
- Servicio Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Cecilio, 18100 Granada, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBER-INFECC), Instituto Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Iñaki Robles-Vera
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs. GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel Romero
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs. GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBER-CV), Instituto Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Duarte
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs. GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBER-CV), Instituto Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Cenis
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario, 30150 Murcia, Spain
| | - Antonio Abel Lozano-Pérez
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario, 30150 Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB)-Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Julio Gálvez
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs. GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBER-EHD), Instituto Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Elena Rodríguez-Cabezas
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs. GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Alba Rodríguez-Nogales
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs. GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain
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