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González-Alfonso WL, Petrosyan P, Del Razo LM, Sánchez-Peña LC, Tapia-Rodríguez M, Hernández-Muñoz R, Gonsebatt ME. Chronic Exposure to Arsenic and Fluoride Starting at Gestation Alters Liver Mitochondrial Protein Expression and Induces Early Onset of Liver Fibrosis in Male Mouse Offspring. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04198-1. [PMID: 38676876 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04198-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
The presence of arsenic (As) and fluoride (F-) in drinking water is of concern due to the enormous number of individuals exposed to this condition worldwide. Studies in cultured cells and animal models have shown that As- or F-induced hepatotoxicity is primarily associated with redox disturbance and altered mitochondrial homeostasis. To explore the hepatotoxic effects of chronic combined exposure to As and F- in drinking water, pregnant CD-1 mice were exposed to 2 mg/L As (sodium arsenite) and/or 25 mg/L F- (sodium fluoride). The male offspring continued the exposure treatment up to 30 (P30) or 90 (P90) postnatal days. GSH levels, cysteine synthesis enzyme activities, and cysteine transporter levels were investigated in liver homogenates, as well as the expression of biomarkers of ferroptosis and mitochondrial biogenesis-related proteins. Serum transaminase levels and Hematoxylin-Eosin and Masson trichrome-stained liver tissue slices were examined. Combined exposure at P30 significantly reduced GSH levels and the mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) expression while increasing lipid peroxidation, free Fe 2+, p53 expression, and serum ALT activity. At P90, the upregulation of cysteine uptake and synthesis was associated with a recovery of GSH levels. Nevertheless, the downregulation of TFAM continued and was now associated with a downstream inhibition of the expression of MT-CO2 and reduced levels of mtDNA and fibrotic liver damage. Our experimental approach using human-relevant doses gives evidence of the increased risk for early liver damage associated with elevated levels of As and F- in the diet during intrauterine and postnatal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy L González-Alfonso
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, 04510, México
| | - Pavel Petrosyan
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, 04510, México
| | - Luz M Del Razo
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados, 07360, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luz C Sánchez-Peña
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados, 07360, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel Tapia-Rodríguez
- Unidad de Microscopia, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rolando Hernández-Muñoz
- Departamento de Biología Celular y del Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, 04510, México
| | - María E Gonsebatt
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, 04510, México.
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2
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Podolski-Renić A, Čipak Gašparović A, Valente A, López Ó, Bormio Nunes JH, Kowol CR, Heffeter P, Filipović NR. Schiff bases and their metal complexes to target and overcome (multidrug) resistance in cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 270:116363. [PMID: 38593587 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Overcoming multidrug resistance (MDR) is one of the major challenges in cancer therapy. In this respect, Schiff base-related compounds (bearing a R1R2CNR3 bond) gained high interest during the past decades. Schiff bases are considered privileged ligands for various reasons, including the easiness of their preparation and the possibility to form complexes with almost all transition metal ions. Schiff bases and their metal complexes exhibit many types of biological activities and are used for the treatment and diagnosis of various diseases. Until now, 13 Schiff bases have been investigated in clinical trials for cancer treatment and hypoxia imaging. This review represents the first collection of Schiff bases and their complexes which demonstrated MDR-reversal activity. The areas of drug resistance covered in this article involve: 1) Modulation of ABC transporter function, 2) Targeting lysosomal ABCB1 overexpression, 3) Circumvention of ABC transporter-mediated drug efflux by alternative routes of drug uptake, 4) Selective activity against MDR cancer models (collateral sensitivity), 5) Targeting GSH-detoxifying systems, 6) Overcoming apoptosis resistance by inducing necrosis and paraptosis, 7) Reactivation of mutated p53, 8) Restoration of sensitivity to DNA-damaging anticancer therapy, and 9) Overcoming drug resistance through modulation of the immune system. Through this approach, we would like to draw attention to Schiff bases and their metal complexes representing highly interesting anticancer drug candidates with the ability to overcome MDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Podolski-Renić
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Andreia Valente
- Centro de Química Estrutural and Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Óscar López
- Departamento de Química Organica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Julia H Bormio Nunes
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Center for Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian R Kowol
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra Heffeter
- Center for Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Nenad R Filipović
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
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3
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Lash LH. Renal Glutathione: Dual roles as antioxidant protector and bioactivation promoter. Biochem Pharmacol 2024:116181. [PMID: 38556029 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
The tripeptide glutathione (GSH) possesses two key structural features, namely the nucleophilic sulfur and the γ-glutamyl isopeptide bond. The former allows GSH to serve as a critical antioxidant and anti-electrophile. The latter allows GSH to translocate throughout the systemic circulation without being degraded. The kidneys exhibit several unique processes for handling GSH. This includes the extraction of 80% of plasma GSH, in part by glomerular filtration but mostly by transport across the basolateral plasma membrane. Studies on the protective effect of exogenous GSH are summarized, showing the different inherent susceptibility of proximal tubular and distal tubular cells and the impact on pathological or disease states, including hypoxia, diabetic nephropathy, and compensatory renal growth associated with uninephrectomy. Studies on mitochondrial GSH transport show the coordination between the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation in generating driving forces for both plasma membrane and mitochondrial carriers. The strong protective effects of increasing expression and activity of these carriers against oxidants and mitochondrial toxicants are summarized. Although GSH plays a cytoprotective role in most situations, two distinct exceptions to this are presented. In contrast to expectations, overexpression of the mitochondrial 2-oxoglutarate carrier markedly increased cell death from exposure to the nephrotoxic chemotherapeutic drug cisplatin (CDDP). Another key example of GSH serving a bioactivation role in the kidneys, rather than a detoxification role, is the metabolism of halogenated alkenes such as trichloroethylene (TCE). Although considerable research has gone into this topic, unanswered questions and emerging topics remain and are discussed.
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Negut I, Bita B. Polymersomes as Innovative, Stimuli-Responsive Platforms for Cancer Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:463. [PMID: 38675124 PMCID: PMC11053450 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16040463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This review addresses the urgent need for more targeted and less toxic cancer treatments by exploring the potential of multi-responsive polymersomes. These advanced nanocarriers are engineered to deliver drugs precisely to tumor sites by responding to specific stimuli such as pH, temperature, light, hypoxia, and redox conditions, thereby minimizing the side effects associated with traditional chemotherapy. We discuss the design, synthesis, and recent applications of polymersomes, emphasizing their ability to improve therapeutic outcomes through controlled drug release and targeted delivery. Moreover, we highlight the critical areas for future research, including the optimization of polymersome-biological interactions and biocompatibility, to facilitate their clinical adoption. Multi-responsive polymersomes emerge as a promising development in nanomedicine, offering a pathway to safer and more effective cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Negut
- Faculty of Physics, University of Bucharest, 077125 Magurele, Romania;
| | - Bogdan Bita
- Faculty of Physics, University of Bucharest, 077125 Magurele, Romania;
- National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 077125 Magurele, Romania
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5
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Emmanuel NS, Yusuf T, Bako IG, Malgwi IS, Eze ED, Ali Z, Aliyu M. Hematological changes, oxidative stress assessment, and dysregulation of aquaporin-3 channel, prolactin, and oxytocin receptors in kidneys of lactating Wistar rats treated with monosodium glutamate. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03008-8. [PMID: 38446217 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03008-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
High consumption of locally produced delicacies could expose nursing mothers to high monosodium glutamate (MSG) levels, frequently used as a necessary condiment in low-income countries. Thus, this study evaluated some novel preliminary changes in renal hormonal receptors, the aquaporin-3 channel, oxidative stress markers, and hematological indices induced by monosodium glutamate in lactating rats. Post-parturition, twenty-four (24) lactating Wistar rats were divided into four (4) groups of six rats each (n = 6). Oral administration of distilled water and MSG started three (3) days postpartum as follows: group 1: distilled water (1 ml/kg BW), group 2: MSG (925 mg/kg BW), group 3: MSG (1850 mg/kg BW), and group 4: MSG (3700 mg/kg BW). At the end of the experiment, which lasted fourteen (14) days, animals were sacrificed and samples of blood and tissues were obtained for biochemical analysis. MSG administration significantly (p < 0.05) increased ROS and MDA, with a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in kidney antioxidants. Serum creatinine, total, conjugated, and unconjugated bilirubin significantly (p < 0.05) increased with MSG administration. The prolactin receptor was significantly reduced (p < 0.05), while the oxytocin receptor and aquaporin-3 channel were significantly (p < 0.05) increased in the MSG-administered groups. There were significant (p < 0.05) changes in the hematological indices of the MSG-administered animals. Thus, the findings of this study suggest that high MSG consumption causes hematological alterations and may alter renal function via increased ROS production and dysregulation of the AQP-3 channel, prolactin, and oxytocin receptors in the kidneys of lactating Wistar rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nachamada Solomon Emmanuel
- Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna, Nigeria.
| | - Tanko Yusuf
- Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna, Nigeria
| | - Ibrahim Gaya Bako
- Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna, Nigeria
| | - Ibrahim Samaila Malgwi
- Department of Human Physiology, College of Medical Sciences, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Borno, Nigeria
| | - Ejike Daniel Eze
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Huye Campus, Huye, Rwanda
| | - Zubairu Ali
- Department of Human Physiology, College of Medical Sciences, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria
| | - Mohammed Aliyu
- Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna, Nigeria
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Sun Y, Ren Y, Song LY, Wang YY, Li TG, Wu YL, Li L, Yang ZS. Targeting iron-metabolism:a potential therapeutic strategy for pulmonary fibrosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 172:116270. [PMID: 38364737 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Iron homeostasisis is integral to normal physiological and biochemical processes of lungs. The maintenance of iron homeostasis involves the process of intake, storage and output, dependening on iron-regulated protein/iron response element system to operate tightly metabolism-related genes, including TFR1, DMT1, Fth, and FPN. Dysregulation of iron can lead to iron overload, which increases the virulence of microbial colonisers and the occurrence of oxidative stress, causing alveolar epithelial cells to undergo necrosis and apoptosis, and form extracellular matrix. Accumulated iron drive iron-dependent ferroptosis to exacerbated pulmonary fibrosis. Notably, the iron chelator deferoxamine and the lipophilic antioxidant ferritin-1 have been shown to attenuate ferroptosis and inhibit lipid peroxidation in pulmonary fibrosis. The paper summarises the regulatory mechanisms of dysregulated iron metabolism and ferroptosis in the development of pulmonary fibrosis. Targeting iron metabolism may be a potential therapeutic strategy for the prevention and treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Sun
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Chronic Disease in Prevention and Treatment, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Yu Ren
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Chronic Disease in Prevention and Treatment, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Li-Yun Song
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Chronic Disease in Prevention and Treatment, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Yin-Ying Wang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Tian-Gang Li
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Chronic Disease in Prevention and Treatment, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Ying-Li Wu
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Chronic Disease in Prevention and Treatment, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Li Li
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Chronic Disease in Prevention and Treatment, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.
| | - Zhong-Shan Yang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Chronic Disease in Prevention and Treatment, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.
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7
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Tandon R, Tandon A. Unraveling the Multifaceted Role of Glutathione in Sepsis: A Comprehensive Review. Cureus 2024; 16:e56896. [PMID: 38659506 PMCID: PMC11042744 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.56896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Sepsis remains a formidable challenge in healthcare, characterized by a dysregulated host response to infection, leading to organ dysfunction and high mortality rates. Glutathione, a critical antioxidant and regulator of cellular redox balance, has emerged as a key player in the pathophysiology of sepsis. This comprehensive review explores the multifaceted role of glutathione in sepsis, focusing on its involvement in oxidative stress, immune modulation, and organ dysfunction. Glutathione depletion exacerbates oxidative damage and inflammatory responses, thereby contributing to the progression of sepsis. Understanding the intricate mechanisms underlying glutathione dysregulation in sepsis offers potential therapeutic avenues, with strategies targeting glutathione pathways showing promise in mitigating septic complications. However, further research is needed to optimize therapeutic approaches and identify biomarkers for patient stratification. Overall, this review underscores the importance of elucidating glutathione's role in sepsis management to improve clinical outcomes and reduce the global burden of this life-threatening condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratan Tandon
- Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Ashish Tandon
- Pulmonology, Hari Daya Super Speciality Centre, Prayagraj, IND
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8
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To KKW, Huang Z, Zhang H, Ashby CR, Fu L. Utilizing non-coding RNA-mediated regulation of ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters to overcome multidrug resistance to cancer chemotherapy. Drug Resist Updat 2024; 73:101058. [PMID: 38277757 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2024.101058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is one of the primary factors that produces treatment failure in patients receiving cancer chemotherapy. MDR is a complex multifactorial phenomenon, characterized by a decrease or abrogation of the efficacy of a wide spectrum of anticancer drugs that are structurally and mechanistically distinct. The overexpression of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, notably ABCG2 and ABCB1, are one of the primary mediators of MDR in cancer cells, which promotes the efflux of certain chemotherapeutic drugs from cancer cells, thereby decreasing or abolishing their therapeutic efficacy. A number of studies have suggested that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), particularly microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs), play a pivotal role in mediating the upregulation of ABC transporters in certain MDR cancer cells. This review will provide updated information about the induction of ABC transporters due to the aberrant regulation of ncRNAs in cancer cells. We will also discuss the measurement and biological profile of circulating ncRNAs in various body fluids as potential biomarkers for predicting the response of cancer patients to chemotherapy. Sequence variations, such as alternative polyadenylation of mRNA and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) at miRNA target sites, which may indicate the interaction of miRNA-mediated gene regulation with genetic variations to modulate the MDR phenotype, will be reviewed. Finally, we will highlight novel strategies that could be used to modulate ncRNAs and circumvent ABC transporter-mediated MDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth K W To
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Zoufang Huang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Hang Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Charles R Ashby
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, United States
| | - Liwu Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China.
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9
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Tuell D, Ford G, Los E, Stone W. The Role of Glutathione and Its Precursors in Type 2 Diabetes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:184. [PMID: 38397782 PMCID: PMC10885928 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a major worldwide health crisis affecting about 6.2% of the world's population. Alarmingly, about one in five children in the USA have prediabetes. Glutathione (GSH) and its precursors play a promising role in the prevention and management of type T2D. Oxidative stress (OxS) is a probable factor in both T2D initiation and progression. GSH is the major cytosolic water-soluble chemical antioxidant and emerging evidence supports its role in improving T2D outcomes. Dietary supplementation with N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) and/or glycine (GLY), which are GSH precursors, has also been studied for possible beneficial effects on T2D. This review will focus on the underlying pathophysiological and molecular mechanisms linking GSH and its precursors with T2D and OxS. In addition to their traditional antioxidant roles, the in vivo effects of GSH/NAC/GLY supplements will be evaluated for their potential abilities to modulate the complex pro-oxidant pathophysiological factors (e.g., hyperglycemia) driving T2D progression. Positive feedback loops that amplify OxS over long time intervals are likely to result in irreversible T2D micro- and macro-vascular damage. Most clinical studies with GSH/NAC/GLY have focused on adults or the elderly. Future research with pediatric populations should be a high priority since early intervention is critical.
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Schomakers BV, Jillings SL, van Weeghel M, Vaz FM, Salomons GS, Janssens GE, Houtkooper RH. Ophthalmic acid is a glutathione regulating tripeptide. FEBS J 2024. [PMID: 38245827 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Since its discovery in 1958 in the lens of cows, ophthalmic acid (OPH) has stood in the shadow of its anti-oxidant analog: glutathione (GSH). Lacking the thiol group that gives GSH many of its important properties, ophthalmic acid's function has remained elusive, and it has been widely presumed to be an accidental product of the same enzymes. In this review, we compile evidence demonstrating that OPH is a ubiquitous metabolite found in bacteria, plants, fungi, and animals, produced through several layers of metabolic regulation. We discuss the limitations of the oft-repeated suggestions that aberrations in OPH levels should solely indicate GSH deficiency or oxidative stress. Finally, we discuss the available literature and suggest OPH's role in metabolism as a GSH-regulating tripeptide; controlling both cellular and organelle influx and efflux of GSH, as well as modulating GSH-dependent reactions and signaling. Ultimately, we hope that this review reinvigorates and directs more research into this versatile metabolite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bauke V Schomakers
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, The Netherlands
- Core Facility Metabolomics, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sonia L Jillings
- Green Biotechnology, Inholland University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michel van Weeghel
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, The Netherlands
- Core Facility Metabolomics, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frédéric M Vaz
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, The Netherlands
- Core Facility Metabolomics, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gajja S Salomons
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, The Netherlands
| | - Georges E Janssens
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, The Netherlands
| | - Riekelt H Houtkooper
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, The Netherlands
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11
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Arend C, Grothaus IL, Waespy M, Ciacchi LC, Dringen R. Modulation of Multidrug Resistance Protein 1-mediated Transport Processes by the Antiviral Drug Ritonavir in Cultured Primary Astrocytes. Neurochem Res 2024; 49:66-84. [PMID: 37603214 PMCID: PMC10776481 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-04008-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
The Multidrug Resistance Protein 1 (Mrp1) is an ATP-dependent efflux transporter and a major facilitator of drug resistance in mammalian cells during cancer and HIV therapy. In brain, Mrp1-mediated GSH export from astrocytes is the first step in the supply of GSH precursors to neurons. To reveal potential mechanisms underlying the drug-induced modulation of Mrp1-mediated transport processes, we investigated the effects of the antiviral drug ritonavir on cultured rat primary astrocytes. Ritonavir strongly stimulated the Mrp1-mediated export of glutathione (GSH) by decreasing the Km value from 200 nmol/mg to 28 nmol/mg. In contrast, ritonavir decreased the export of the other Mrp1 substrates glutathione disulfide (GSSG) and bimane-glutathione. To give explanation for these apparently contradictory observations, we performed in silico docking analysis and molecular dynamics simulations using a homology model of rat Mrp1 to predict the binding modes of ritonavir, GSH and GSSG to Mrp1. The results suggest that ritonavir binds to the hydrophilic part of the bipartite binding site of Mrp1 and thereby differently affects the binding and transport of the Mrp1 substrates. These new insights into the modulation of Mrp1-mediated export processes by ritonavir provide a new model to better understand GSH-dependent detoxification processes in brain cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Arend
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Faculty 2 (Biology/Chemistry), University of Bremen, P.O. Box 330440, 28359, Bremen, Germany.
- Centre for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.
| | - Isabell L Grothaus
- Centre for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- Hybrid Materials Interfaces Group, Faculty of Production Engineering, Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes, University of Bremen, Am Fallturm 1, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Mario Waespy
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Faculty 2 (Biology/Chemistry), University of Bremen, P.O. Box 330440, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Lucio Colombi Ciacchi
- Centre for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- Hybrid Materials Interfaces Group, Faculty of Production Engineering, Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes, University of Bremen, Am Fallturm 1, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Ralf Dringen
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Faculty 2 (Biology/Chemistry), University of Bremen, P.O. Box 330440, 28359, Bremen, Germany
- Centre for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
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12
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Lee LR, Guillotin B, Hutchison C, Desvoyes B, Gutierrez C, Birnbaum KD. Nuclear GSH import precedes coordinated cell cycle changes during regeneration. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.28.569014. [PMID: 38168452 PMCID: PMC10760015 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.28.569014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Arabidopsis root tip regeneration requires cell division and cellular reprogramming. Here, we present new datasets that describe the cell cycle in Arabidopsis roots that maintain developmental context and cell-type resolution and provide an expanded set of cell cycle phase transcriptional markers. Using these data, we provide in vivo confirmation of a longstanding model in plants that glutathione (GSH) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) vary in a cell cycle dependent manner. We then demonstrate using long term time lapse imaging that cells in G1 phase undergo a transient peak of GSH prior to a tissue-wide coordinated entry into S phase. This coordinated S phase entry precedes a period of fast divisions, which we show appears to potentiate cellular reprogramming during regeneration. Taken together, this work demonstrates a role for GSH in coordinating cell cycle regulation and cellular reprogramming during regeneration.
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Chen B, Dong X, Zhang J, Wang W, Song Y, Sun X, Zhao K, Sun Z. Effects of oxidative stress regulation in inflammation-associated gastric cancer progression treated using traditional Chinese medicines: A review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e36157. [PMID: 37986311 PMCID: PMC10659735 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a global public health concern that poses a serious threat to human health owing to its high morbidity and mortality rates. Due to the lack of specificity of symptoms, patients with GC tend to be diagnosed at an advanced stage with poor prognosis. Therefore, the development of new treatment methods is particularly urgent. Chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG), a precancerous GC lesion, plays a key role in its occurrence and development. Oxidative stress has been identified as an important factor driving the development and progression of the pathological processes of CAG and GC. Therefore, regulating oxidative stress pathways can not only intervene in CAG development but also prevent the occurrence and metastasis of GC and improve the prognosis of GC patients. In this study, PubMed, CNKI, and Web of Science were used to search for a large number of relevant studies. The review results suggested that the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and TCM prescriptions could target and improve inflammation, pathological status, metastasis, and invasion of tumor cells, providing a potential new supplement for the treatment of CAG and GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Chen
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinqian Dong
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinlong Zhang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yujiao Song
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xitong Sun
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kangning Zhao
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen Sun
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
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Ferreira MJ, Rodrigues TA, Pedrosa AG, Silva AR, Vilarinho BG, Francisco T, Azevedo JE. Glutathione and peroxisome redox homeostasis. Redox Biol 2023; 67:102917. [PMID: 37804696 PMCID: PMC10565873 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite intensive research on peroxisome biochemistry, the role of glutathione in peroxisomal redox homeostasis has remained a matter of speculation for many years, and only recently has this issue started to be experimentally addressed. Here, we summarize and compare data from several organisms on the peroxisome-glutathione topic. It is clear from this comparison that the repertoire of glutathione-utilizing enzymes in peroxisomes of different organisms varies widely. In addition, the available data suggest that the kinetic connectivity between the cytosolic and peroxisomal pools of glutathione may also be different in different organisms, with some possessing a peroxisomal membrane that is promptly permeable to glutathione whereas in others this may not be the case. However, regardless of the differences, the picture that emerges from all these data is that glutathione is a crucial component of the antioxidative system that operates inside peroxisomes in all organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Ferreira
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Tony A Rodrigues
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana G Pedrosa
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana R Silva
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Beatriz G Vilarinho
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Tânia Francisco
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Jorge E Azevedo
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
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Georgiou-Siafis SK, Tsiftsoglou AS. The Key Role of GSH in Keeping the Redox Balance in Mammalian Cells: Mechanisms and Significance of GSH in Detoxification via Formation of Conjugates. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1953. [PMID: 38001806 PMCID: PMC10669396 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12111953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) is a ubiquitous tripeptide that is biosynthesized in situ at high concentrations (1-5 mM) and involved in the regulation of cellular homeostasis via multiple mechanisms. The main known action of GSH is its antioxidant capacity, which aids in maintaining the redox cycle of cells. To this end, GSH peroxidases contribute to the scavenging of various forms of ROS and RNS. A generally underestimated mechanism of action of GSH is its direct nucleophilic interaction with electrophilic compounds yielding thioether GSH S-conjugates. Many compounds, including xenobiotics (such as NAPQI, simvastatin, cisplatin, and barbital) and intrinsic compounds (such as menadione, leukotrienes, prostaglandins, and dopamine), form covalent adducts with GSH leading mainly to their detoxification. In the present article, we wish to present the key role and significance of GSH in cellular redox biology. This includes an update on the formation of GSH-S conjugates or GSH adducts with emphasis given to the mechanism of reaction, the dependence on GST (GSH S-transferase), where this conjugation occurs in tissues, and its significance. The uncovering of the GSH adducts' formation enhances our knowledge of the human metabolome. GSH-hematin adducts were recently shown to have been formed spontaneously in multiples isomers at hemolysates, leading to structural destabilization of the endogenous toxin, hematin (free heme), which is derived from the released hemoglobin. Moreover, hemin (the form of oxidized heme) has been found to act through the Kelch-like ECH associated protein 1 (Keap1)-nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway as an epigenetic modulator of GSH metabolism. Last but not least, the implications of the genetic defects in GSH metabolism, recorded in hemolytic syndromes, cancer and other pathologies, are presented and discussed under the framework of conceptualizing that GSH S-conjugates could be regarded as signatures of the cellular metabolism in the diseased state.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Asterios S. Tsiftsoglou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTh), 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
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Delwing-de Lima D, Sasso S, Delwing-Dal Magro D, Pereira NR, Rodrigues AF, Schmitz F, Manoel Pereira E, Schramm do Nascimento MA, Wyse ATS. In vitro galactose impairs energy metabolism in the brain of young rats: protective role of antioxidants. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 42:967-985. [PMID: 37317977 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2023.2222776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We, herein, investigated the in vitro effects of galactose on the activity of pyruvate kinase, succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), complex II and IV (cytochrome c oxidase) of the respiratory chain and Na+K+-ATPase in the cerebral cortex, cerebellum and hippocampus of 30-day-old rats. We also determined the influence of the antioxidants, trolox, ascorbic acid and glutathione, on the effects elicited by galactose. Galactose was added to the assay at concentrations of 0.1, 3.0, 5.0 and 10.0 mM. Control experiments were performed without galactose. Galactose, at 3.0, 5.0 and 10.0 mM, decreased pyruvate kinase activity in the cerebral cortex and at 10.0 mM in the hippocampus. Galactose, at 10.0 mM, reduced SDH and complex II activities in the cerebellum and hippocampus, and reduced cytochrome c oxidase activity in the hippocampus. Additionally, decreased Na+K+-ATPase activity in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus; conversely, galactose, at 3.0 and 5.0 mM, increased this enzyme's activity in the cerebellum. Data show that galactose disrupts energy metabolism and trolox, ascorbic acid and glutathione addition prevented the majority of alterations in the parameters analyzed, suggesting the use of antioxidants as an adjuvant therapy in Classic galactosemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Delwing-de Lima
- Department of Medicine, University of Joinville Region, Joinville, Santa Catarina, Brazil
- Post-Graduation Program in Health and Environment, University of Joinville Region, Joinville, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Simone Sasso
- Post-Graduation Program in Health and Environment, University of Joinville Region, Joinville, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Débora Delwing-Dal Magro
- Department of Natural Sciences, Center of Exact and Natural Sciences, Regional University of Blumenau, Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Nariana Regina Pereira
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Joinville Region, Joinville, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - André Felipe Rodrigues
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Max Delbrück Center (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Felipe Schmitz
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Manoel Pereira
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Joinville Region, Joinville, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - Angela T S Wyse
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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