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Abdelhamid WG, Mowaad NA, Asaad GF, Galal AF, Mohammed SS, Mostafa OE, Sadek DR, Elkhateb LA. The potential protective effect of Camellia Sinensis in mitigating monosodium glutamate-induced neurotoxicity: biochemical and histological study in male albino rats. Metab Brain Dis 2024; 39:953-966. [PMID: 38869783 PMCID: PMC11233344 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-024-01365-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is the sodium compound derived from glutamic acid. Excessive daily ingestion of MSG leads to elevated amounts of glutamic acid in the bloodstream, which can be detrimental to brain structures. Camellia sinensis, often known as green tea (GT), is a rich source of essential hexogen antioxidants that are necessary for the body. Thirty-two adult male albino rats were divided into four groups (n = 8). Group 1 served as a control -ve group. Group 2 was given GT (1.5 ml/rat/day). Group 3 was given MSG (600 mg/kg/day). Group 4 was given MSG (600 mg/kg/day) and GT (1.5 ml/rat/day). All treatments were given orally for 28 days. MSG administration resulted in significant neurotoxicity in rats that was revealed by the significant reduction of serum concentration of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and nitric oxide (NO), and the significant elevation of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) accompanied by the significant reduction of levels of serum monoamines (dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine) and histological changes in the hippocampus area CA1, dentate gyrus, and cerebellar cortex and positive immunohistochemical staining of glial fibrillary acidic proteins (GFAP) and calretinin. Administration of GT with MSG counteracted the MSG-mediated oxidative stress by significantly increasing serum concentrations of GPX and NO and significantly decreasing concentrations of TAC. Furthermore, GT significantly increased levels of serum monoamines (dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine). Moreover, it ameliorated the histological changes, GFAP, and calretinin immunostaining in brain tissues. It is envisaged that GT will serve as a viable protective choice for the inclusion of the neurotoxicity treatment procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa G Abdelhamid
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Noha A Mowaad
- Narcotics, Ergogenics and Poisons Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Gihan F Asaad
- Pharmacology Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Asmaa F Galal
- Narcotics, Ergogenics and Poisons Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sarah S Mohammed
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Olfat E Mostafa
- Biochemistry Department, Poison Control Center, Ain Shams University Hospitals, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Doaa R Sadek
- Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Lobna A Elkhateb
- Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Cho SC, Shaw SY. Tea seed saponin‑reduced extract ameliorates palmitic acid‑induced insulin resistance in HepG2 cells. Mol Med Rep 2024; 29:26. [PMID: 38099345 PMCID: PMC10784731 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2023.13149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Tea (Camellia sinensis) seed cake is a potential resource that contains a wealth of bioactive compounds. However, the high toxicity of tea saponins in tea seed cake restricts its applications. The present study aimed to i) develop a method of extracting bioactive compounds and reducing tea saponins during the process of tea seed cake extraction and ii) investigate the anti‑insulin resistance effect of tea seed saponin‑reduced extract (TSSRE) in a palmitic acid (PA)‑induced insulin resistance HepG2‑cell model. The concentration of tea saponins in TSSRE was ~10‑fold lower than that in tea seed crude extract (TSCE) after the saponin‑reduction process. In addition, TSSRE cytotoxicity was significantly lower than that of TSCE in HepG2 cells. TSSRE treatment improved glucose consumption as well as glucose transporter (GLUT) 2 and GLUT4 expression levels in PA‑stimulated HepG2 cells. Moreover, TSSRE enhanced the phosphorylation of the insulin receptor substrate 1/protein kinase B/forkhead box protein O1/glycogen synthase kinase 3β and inhibited the elevated expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in PA‑exposed HepG2 cells. The effect of TSSRE on the mediation of the insulin signaling pathway was attributed to the inhibition of PA‑induced mitogen‑activated protein kinase activation. The findings of the present study indicated that TSSRE ameliorates hepatic insulin resistance by ameliorating insulin signaling and inhibiting inflammation-related pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Chi Cho
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shyh-Yu Shaw
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Mavroeidis A, Stavropoulos P, Papadopoulos G, Tsela A, Roussis I, Kakabouki I. Alternative Crops for the European Tobacco Industry: A Systematic Review. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:236. [PMID: 38256796 PMCID: PMC10818552 DOI: 10.3390/plants13020236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) is a major industrial crop that has being cultivated for centuries for the manufacturing of cigarettes, cigars, and other smoking products. Due to its negative effects on both human health and the environment, the European Union has adopted strict policies that aspire to reduce the consumption of tobacco. Herbal cigarettes are alternative smoking products that are often advertised as healthier than conventional tobacco cigarettes and are especially popular in Asian markets. Even though the available literature suggests that they are equally detrimental to human health, the introduction of tobacco-alternative crops (TACs) to the European tobacco industry could smoothen the abandonment of tobacco, and eventually smoking products altogether, in the EU. The aim of the present systematic review was to compile a list of possible TACs that could be incorporated in the European smoking industry, and highlight their strengths and weaknesses. The most dominant crops in the literature (and in the existing market products) were calendula (Calendula officinalis L.), mullein (Verbascum thapsus L.), ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A.Mey.), tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze), chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.), and mentha (Mentha spp.). Even though these crops are promising, further research is required for their incorporation in the European tobacco industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ioanna Kakabouki
- Laboratory of Agronomy, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 118 55 Athens, Greece; (A.M.); (P.S.); (G.P.); (A.T.); (I.R.)
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Fernandes C, Sousa-Baptista J, Lenha-Silva AF, Calheiros D, Correia E, Figueirinha A, Salgueiro L, Gonçalves T. Azorean Black Tea ( Camellia sinensis) Antidermatophytic and Fungicidal Properties. Molecules 2023; 28:7775. [PMID: 38067505 PMCID: PMC10707949 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The treatment of dermatophytoses, the most common human fungal infections, requires new alternatives. The aim of this study was to determine the antidermatophytic activity of the aqueous Azorean Black Tea extract (ABT), together with an approach to the mechanisms of action. The phytochemical analysis of ABT extract was performed by HPLC. The dermatophytes susceptibility was assessed using a broth microdilution assay; potential synergies with terbinafine and griseofulvin were evaluated by the checkerboard assay. The mechanism of action was appraised by the quantification of the fungal cell wall chitin and β-1,3-glucan, and by membrane ergosterol. The presence of ultrastructural modifications was studied by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The ABT extract contained organic and phenolic acids, flavonoids, theaflavins and alkaloids. It showed an antidermatophytic effect, with MIC values of 250 µg/mL for Trichophyton mentagrophytes, 125 µg/mL for Trichophyton rubrum and 500 µg/mL for Microsporum canis; at these concentrations, the extract was fungicidal. An additive effect of ABT in association to terbinafine on these three dermatophytes was observed. The ABT extract caused a significant reduction in β-1,3-glucan content, indicating the synthesis of this cell wall component as a possible target. The present study identifies the antidermatophytic activity of the ABT and highlights its potential to improve the effectiveness of conventional topical treatment currently used for the management of skin or mucosal fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Fernandes
- CNC-UC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (C.F.); (J.S.-B.); (A.F.L.-S.); (D.C.); (E.C.)
- CIBB—Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José Sousa-Baptista
- CNC-UC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (C.F.); (J.S.-B.); (A.F.L.-S.); (D.C.); (E.C.)
- CIBB—Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- FMUC—Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Filipa Lenha-Silva
- CNC-UC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (C.F.); (J.S.-B.); (A.F.L.-S.); (D.C.); (E.C.)
- CIBB—Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Daniela Calheiros
- CNC-UC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (C.F.); (J.S.-B.); (A.F.L.-S.); (D.C.); (E.C.)
- CIBB—Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- FMUC—Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Edmilson Correia
- CNC-UC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (C.F.); (J.S.-B.); (A.F.L.-S.); (D.C.); (E.C.)
- CIBB—Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Artur Figueirinha
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Health Sciences Campus, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de S. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.F.); (L.S.)
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV) of the Network of Chemistry and Technology (REQUIMTE), University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
| | - Lígia Salgueiro
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Health Sciences Campus, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de S. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.F.); (L.S.)
- Chemical Process Engineering and Forest Products Research Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Teresa Gonçalves
- CNC-UC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (C.F.); (J.S.-B.); (A.F.L.-S.); (D.C.); (E.C.)
- CIBB—Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- FMUC—Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
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Kumar H, Dhalaria R, Guleria S, Cimler R, Sharma R, Siddiqui SA, Valko M, Nepovimova E, Dhanjal DS, Singh R, Kumar V, Pathera AK, Verma N, Kaur T, Manickam S, Alomar SY, Kuča K. Anti-oxidant potential of plants and probiotic spp. in alleviating oxidative stress induced by H 2O 2. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115022. [PMID: 37336149 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) as a metabolic by-product. ROS molecules trigger oxidative stress as a feedback response that significantly initiates biological processes such as autophagy, apoptosis, and necrosis. Furthermore, extensive research has revealed that hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is an important ROS entity and plays a crucial role in several physiological processes, including cell differentiation, cell signalling, and apoptosis. However, excessive production of H2O2 has been shown to disrupt biomolecules and cell organelles, leading to an inflammatory response and contributing to the development of health complications such as collagen deposition, aging, liver fibrosis, sepsis, ulcerative colitis, etc. Extracts of different plant species, phytochemicals, and Lactobacillus sp (probiotic) have been reported for their anti-oxidant potential. In this view, the researchers have gained significant interest in exploring the potential plants spp., their phytochemicals, and the potential of Lactobacillus sp. strains that exhibit anti-oxidant properties and health benefits. Thus, the current review focuses on comprehending the information related to the formation of H2O2, the factors influencing it, and their pathophysiology imposed on human health. Moreover, this review also discussed the anti-oxidant potential and role of different extract of plants, Lactobacillus sp. and their fermented products in curbing H2O2‑induced oxidative stress in both in-vitro and in-vivo models via boosting the anti-oxidative activity, inhibiting of important enzyme release and downregulation of cytochrome c, cleaved caspases-3, - 8, and - 9 expression. In particular, this knowledge will assist R&D sections in biopharmaceutical and food industries in developing herbal medicine and probiotics-based or derived food products that can effectively alleviate oxidative stress issues induced by H2O2 generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsh Kumar
- Centre of Advanced Technologies, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Rajni Dhalaria
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India
| | - Shivani Guleria
- Department of Biotechnology, TIFAC-Centre of Relevance and Excellence in Agro and Industrial Biotechnology (CORE), Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala 147001, India
| | - Richard Cimler
- Centre of Advanced Technologies, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Ruchi Sharma
- School of Bioengineering & Food Technology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India
| | - Shahida Anusha Siddiqui
- Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Technical University of Munich, Essigberg 3, 94315 Straubing, Germany.
| | - Marian Valko
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, 81237, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50005, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Daljeet Singh Dhanjal
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Reena Singh
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Central Ayurveda Research Institute, Jhansi 284003, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Narinder Verma
- School of Management and Liberal Arts, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India
| | - Talwinder Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, DAV University, Sarmastpur, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144001, India
| | - Sivakumar Manickam
- Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Bandar Seri Begawan BE1410, Brunei
| | - Suliman Y Alomar
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kamil Kuča
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50005, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence (DaSCI), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
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Sales AL, Iriondo-DeHond A, DePaula J, Ribeiro M, Ferreira IMPLVO, Miguel MAL, Del Castillo MD, Farah A. Intracellular Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects and Bioactive Profiles of Coffee Cascara and Black Tea Kombucha Beverages. Foods 2023; 12:foods12091905. [PMID: 37174444 PMCID: PMC10177953 DOI: 10.3390/foods12091905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Kombucha is a functional beverage obtained through fermentation of sweetened Camellia sinensis infusion by a symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeasts that exerts many beneficial biological effects, mostly related to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Alternative raw materials have been used to create new kombucha or kombucha-like products. Coffee is the most important food commodity worldwide and generates large amounts of by-products during harvest and post-harvest processing. The main coffee by-product is the dried fruit skin and pulp, popularly known as cascara. To date, no studies have evaluated the potential bioactivity of coffee cascara kombucha. In this study, we aimed to measure and compare the effects of infusions and kombuchas made with arabica coffee cascaras (n = 2) and black tea leaves (n = 1), fermented for 0, 3, 6, and 9 days on the intracellular production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and Nitric Oxide (NO) in model cells. Oxidative stress was induced in HK-2 cells with indoxyl sulfate (IS) and high glucose (G). Inflammation was induced with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in RAW 264.7 macrophage. The contents of phenolic compounds, caffeine, and other physicochemical parameters were evaluated. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study providing information on the bioactive profile and on the potential biological effects of coffee cascara kombucha. Fermentation caused the release of bound phenolic compounds from the infusions, especially total chlorogenic acids, with an average increase from 5.4 to 10.7 mg/100 mL (98%) and 2.6-3.4 mg/100 mL (30%) in coffee cascara and black tea kombucha, respectively, up to day 9. All evaluated beverages reduced (p < 0.0001) similarly the intracellular ROS (41% reduction, on average) and uric acid (10-55%) concentrations in HK-2 model cells, reversing the induced oxidative stress. All beverages also reduced (p < 0.0001, 81-90%) NO formation in LPS-induced macrophages, exhibiting an anti-inflammatory effect. These potential health benefits may be mostly attributed to polyphenols and caffeine, whose contents were comparable in all beverages. Coffee cascara showed similar potential to C. sinensis to produce healthy beverages and support sustainable coffee production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Sales
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Café Prof. Luiz Carlos Trugo (NUPECAFÉ), Laboratório de Química e Bioatividade de Alimentos, Instituto de Nutrição, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CCS, Bl. J, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biociencia de Alimentos, Instituto de Investigación em Ciencias de La Alimentación (CIAL) CSIC-UAM, Calle Nicolás Cabrera, 9, Campus de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Amaia Iriondo-DeHond
- Laboratório de Biociencia de Alimentos, Instituto de Investigación em Ciencias de La Alimentación (CIAL) CSIC-UAM, Calle Nicolás Cabrera, 9, Campus de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Sección Departamental de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juliana DePaula
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Café Prof. Luiz Carlos Trugo (NUPECAFÉ), Laboratório de Química e Bioatividade de Alimentos, Instituto de Nutrição, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CCS, Bl. J, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Mafalda Ribeiro
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Bromatologia e Hidrologia, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, 4099-030 Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabel M P L V O Ferreira
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Bromatologia e Hidrologia, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, 4099-030 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marco Antonio L Miguel
- Laboratório de Microbiologia de Alimentos, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CCS, Bl. I, Rio de Janeiro21941-902, Brazil
| | - María Dolores Del Castillo
- Laboratório de Biociencia de Alimentos, Instituto de Investigación em Ciencias de La Alimentación (CIAL) CSIC-UAM, Calle Nicolás Cabrera, 9, Campus de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Adriana Farah
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Café Prof. Luiz Carlos Trugo (NUPECAFÉ), Laboratório de Química e Bioatividade de Alimentos, Instituto de Nutrição, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CCS, Bl. J, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
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Anantachoke N, Duangrat R, Sutthiphatkul T, Ochaikul D, Mangmool S. Kombucha Beverages Produced from Fruits, Vegetables, and Plants: A Review on Their Pharmacological Activities and Health Benefits. Foods 2023; 12:foods12091818. [PMID: 37174355 PMCID: PMC10178031 DOI: 10.3390/foods12091818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Kombucha is a traditional health beverage produced by fermenting sweetened tea with a symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeasts. Consumption of kombucha beverages has been growing and there is kombucha commercially available worldwide as one of the most famous low-alcohol beverages. Kombucha beverages have been claimed to have beneficial effects on human health because they contain a variety of bioactive compounds that possess various functional properties. At present, several kinds of raw material (e.g., milk, fruit, vegetables, and herbs) have been fermented with kombucha consortium and consumed as kombucha beverages. Although several studies have been written regarding the biological activities of kombucha and raw materials, there is however little information available on the characterization of their components as well as the biological activities of fermented kombucha from many raw material mixtures. Several pharmacological activities were reviewed in the scientific literature, describing their potential implications for human health. In addition, the adverse effects and toxicity of kombucha consumption were also reviewed. In this study, we focused on the main and latest studies of the pharmacological effects of kombucha beverages produced from various kinds of raw materials, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, anticancer, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, and antihyperlipidemic effects in in vitro and in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natthinee Anantachoke
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Ratchanee Duangrat
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Tanyarat Sutthiphatkul
- Department of Biology, School of Science, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand
| | - Duangjai Ochaikul
- Department of Biology, School of Science, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand
| | - Supachoke Mangmool
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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Odongo EA, Mutai PC, Amugune BK, Mungai NN, Akinyi MO, Kimondo J. Evaluation of the antibacterial activity of selected Kenyan medicinal plant extract combinations against clinically important bacteria. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:100. [PMID: 37013533 PMCID: PMC10069043 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-03939-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infectious diseases are a major global public health concern as antimicrobial resistance (AMR) currently accounts for more than 700,000 deaths per year worldwide. The emergence and spread of resistant bacterial pathogens remain a key challenge in antibacterial chemotherapy. This study aims to investigate the antibacterial activity of combined extracts of various Kenyan medicinal plants against selected microorganisms of medical significance. METHODS The antibacterial activity of various extract combinations of Aloe secundiflora, Toddalia asiatica, Senna didymobotrya and Camelia sinensis against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus was assessed using the agar well diffusion and the minimum inhibitory concentration in-vitro assays. The checkerboard method was used to evaluate the interactions between the various extract combinations. ANOVA test followed by Tukey's post hoc multiple comparison test was used to determine statistically significant differences in activity (P < 0.05). RESULTS At concentrations of 100 mg/ml (10,000 µg/well), the different combinations of the aqueous, methanol, dichloromethane and petroleum ether extracts of the selected Kenyan medicinal plants revealed diverse activity against all the test bacteria. The combination of methanolic C. sinensis and A. secundiflora was the most active against E. coli (14.17 ± 0.22 mm, diameter of zones of inhibition (DZI); MIC 2500 µg/well). The combination of methanolic C. sinensis and S. didymobotrya was the most active against S. aureus (16.43 ± 0.10 mm; MIC 1250 µg/well), K. pneumonia (14.93 ± 0.35 mm, DZI; MIC 1250 µg/well), P. aeruginosa (17.22 ± 0.41 mm, DZI; MIC 156.25 µg/well) and MRSA (19.91 ± 0.31 mm, DZI; MIC 1250 µg/well). The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of the different plant extract combinations ranged from 10,000 µg/ well to 156.25 µg/well. The ANOVA test indicated statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) between single extracts and their combinations. The fractional inhibitory concentration indices (FICI) showed that the interactions were either synergistic (10.5%), additive (31.6%), indifferent (52.6%), or antagonistic (5.3%) for the selected combinations. CONCLUSION This study findings validate the ethnopractice of selectively combining medicinal plants in the management of some bacterial infections in traditional medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Odongo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pharmaceutics & Pharmacognosy, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 19676-00202, Nairobi, Kenya.
- Department of Pharmacy, Kenya Methodist University, P.O. Box 19676-00202, Meru, Kenya.
| | - Peggoty C Mutai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pharmaceutics & Pharmacognosy, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 19676-00202, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Beatrice K Amugune
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pharmaceutics & Pharmacognosy, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 19676-00202, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Nelly N Mungai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pharmaceutics & Pharmacognosy, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 19676-00202, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Mary O Akinyi
- Department of Pharmacy, Kenya Methodist University, P.O. Box 19676-00202, Meru, Kenya
| | - Julia Kimondo
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture Technology, P.O. Box 62000- 00202, Nairobi, Kenya
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9
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Bioassay-Guided Alkaloids Isolation from Camellia sinensis and Colchicum luteum: In Silico and In Vitro Evaluations for Protease Inhibition. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062459. [PMID: 36985431 PMCID: PMC10058905 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioassay-guided isolation from Camellia sinensis (Theaceae) and Colchicum luteum (Liliaceae) utilizing an in vitro model of protease assay revealed colchicine (1) and caffeine (2) from chloroform fractions, respectively. Their structures were validated using spectral techniques. The purified compounds were further optimized with Gaussian software utilizing the B3LYP functional and 6-31G(d,p) basis set. The result files were utilized to determine several global reactivity characteristics to explain the diverse behavior of the compounds. Colchicine (1) showed a higher inhibition of protease activity (63.7 ± 0.5 %age with IC50 = 0.83 ± 0.07 mM), compared with caffeine (2) (39.2 ± 1.3 %age). In order to determine the type of inhibition, compound 1 was further studied, and, based on Lineweaver–Burk/Dixon plots and their secondary replots, it was depicted that compound 1 was a non-competitive inhibitor of this enzyme, with a Ki value of 0.690 ± 0.09 mM. To elucidate the theoretical features of protease inhibition, molecular docking studies were performed against serine protease (PDB #1S0Q), which demonstrated that compound 1 had a strong interaction with the different amino acid residues located on the active site of this understudied enzyme, with a high docking score of 16.2 kcal/mol.
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10
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Nag A, Dhull N, Gupta A. Evaluation of tea (Camellia sinensis L.) phytochemicals as multi-disease modulators, a multidimensional in silico strategy with the combinations of network pharmacology, pharmacophore analysis, statistics and molecular docking. Mol Divers 2023; 27:487-509. [PMID: 35536529 PMCID: PMC9086669 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-022-10437-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) is considered as to be one of the most consumed beverages globally and a reservoir of phytochemicals with immense health benefits. Despite numerous advantages, tea compounds lack a robust multi-disease target study. In this work, we presented a unique in silico approach consisting of molecular docking, multivariate statistics, pharmacophore analysis, and network pharmacology approaches. Eight tea phytochemicals were identified through literature mining, namely gallic acid, catechin, epigallocatechin gallate, epicatechin, epicatechin gallate (ECG), quercetin, kaempferol, and ellagic acid, based on their richness in tea leaves. Further, exploration of databases revealed 30 target proteins related to the pharmacological properties of tea compounds and multiple associated diseases. Molecular docking experiment with eight tea compounds and all 30 proteins revealed that except gallic acid all other seven phytochemicals had potential inhibitory activities against these targets. The docking experiment was validated by comparing the binding affinities (Kcal mol-1) of the compounds with known drug molecules for the respective proteins. Further, with the aid of the application of statistical tools (principal component analysis and clustering), we identified two major clusters of phytochemicals based on their chemical properties and docking scores (Kcal mol-1). Pharmacophore analysis of these clusters revealed the functional descriptors of phytochemicals, related to the ligand-protein docking interactions. Tripartite network was constructed based on the docking scores, and it consisted of seven tea phytochemicals (gallic acid was excluded) targeting five proteins and ten associated diseases. Epicatechin gallate (ECG)-hepatocyte growth factor receptor (PDB id 1FYR) complex was found to be highest in docking performance (10 kcal mol-1). Finally, molecular dynamic simulation showed that ECG-1FYR could make a stable complex in the near-native physiological condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anish Nag
- Department of Life Sciences, Christ (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, India.
| | - Nikhil Dhull
- Department of Life Sciences, Christ (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, India
| | - Ashmita Gupta
- Department of Life Sciences, Christ (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, India
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11
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Hamed DA, Maghrawy HH, Abdel Kareem H. Biosynthesis of bacterial cellulose nanofibrils in black tea media by a symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast isolated from commercial kombucha beverage. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:48. [PMID: 36538179 PMCID: PMC9768004 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03485-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial cellulose has drawn the attention for its unique properties and applications including; medicine, pharmacy, food, agricultural, textile and electronics. The present study focused on the production of bacterial cellulose nanofibrils (BCNF) from black tea as cost effective alternative medium in addition to study the effect of gamma radiation on BCNF properties. A symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast (SCOBY) were isolated from commercial Kombucha beverage and were identified as Acinetobacter lowffii and Candida krusei, respectively. The symbiotic culture was used for production of BCNF on Hestrin-Schramm (HS), black tea (BT) and modified BT media. BCNF was purified (0.5 N NaOH) and quantified by dry weight, yield and productivity determination. Characterization and effect of gamma radiation (5-25 kGy) on BCNF were studied using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The highest BCNF production was achieved using BT medium with 0.2% tea and 6.0% commercial sugar (with dry weight 4.77-4.61 g/l and productivity 68.14% and 65.85%, respectively). Supplementation of BT medium with 1% ethanol, 0.27% Na2HPO4 and 0.5% yeast extract individually, enhanced the BCNF production (7.85, 6.84 and 5.73 g/l), respectively. FTIR spectrum of BCNF from sugared water (SW), HS and BT showed similar structure with high purity. As a conclusion, gamma irradiation has no effect on the BCNF structure while showed different effects on its crystallinity index and size with the different doses. The changes in CrI were ranged between (17 and 23.5%), while the crystallinity size (Cs) was affected by gamma irradiation in a positive relationship where the crystalline size was decreased (33%) by exposure to 5 kGy then increased by increasing the dose of radiation reaching 25.7% at 25 kGy. SEM graphs showed the morphology of microbial culture and its symbiotic relationship in addition to the ultrafine structure of non-irradiated and irradiated BCNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa A. Hamed
- National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Radiation Microbiology Department, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba H. Maghrawy
- National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Radiation Microbiology Department, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hussein Abdel Kareem
- National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Radiation Microbiology Department, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt
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12
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Silviridoside: A New Triterpene Glycoside from Silene viridiflora with Promising Antioxidant and Enzyme Inhibitory Potential. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27248781. [PMID: 36557914 PMCID: PMC9785594 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A new triterpene glycoside, silviridoside, was isolated from the aerial parts of Silene viridiflora (Caryophyllaceae) using different chromatographic techniques. The structure of silviridoside was comprehensively elucidated as 3-O-β-D-galacturonopyranosyl-quillaic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→3)]-β-D-fucopyranosyl ester by one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HR-MS). Silviridoside showed promising antioxidant activity in different antioxidant assays such as 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) (2.32 mg TE/g), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) (1.24 mg TE/g), cupric-reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) (9.59 mg TE/g), ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) (5.13 mg TE/g), phosphomolybdenum (PHD) (0.28 mmol TE/g), and metal-chelating (MCA) (6.62 mg EDTA/g) assays. It exhibited a good inhibitory potential on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) (2.52 mg GALAE/g), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) (7.16 mg GALAE/g), α-amylase (0.19 mmol ACAE/g), α-glucosidase (1.21 mmol ACAE/g), and tyrosinase (38.83 mg KAE/g). An in silico evaluation of the pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic, and toxicity properties of silviridoside showed that the new compound exhibited reasonable pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties without any mutagenic effect, but slight toxicity. Thus, it could be concluded that silviridoside could act as a promising lead drug for pharmaceutical and nutraceutical developments to combat oxidative stress and various disorders, but a future optimization is necessary.
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Ansari P, Hannan JMA, Choudhury ST, Islam SS, Talukder A, Seidel V, Abdel-Wahab YHA. Antidiabetic Actions of Ethanol Extract of Camellia sinensis Leaf Ameliorates Insulin Secretion, Inhibits the DPP-IV Enzyme, Improves Glucose Tolerance, and Increases Active GLP-1 (7-36) Levels in High-Fat-Diet-Fed Rats. MEDICINES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:medicines9110056. [PMID: 36422117 PMCID: PMC9698069 DOI: 10.3390/medicines9110056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Camellia sinensis (green tea) is used in traditional medicine to treat a wide range of ailments. In the present study, the insulin-releasing and glucose-lowering effects of the ethanol extract of Camellia sinensis (EECS), along with molecular mechanism/s of action, were investigated in vitro and in vivo. The insulin secretion was measured using clonal pancreatic BRIN BD11 β cells, and mouse islets. In vitro models examined the additional glucose-lowering properties of EECS, and 3T3L1 adipocytes were used to assess glucose uptake and insulin action. Non-toxic doses of EECS increased insulin secretion in a concentration-dependent manner, and this regulatory effect was similar to that of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1). The insulin release was further enhanced when combined with isobutylmethylxanthine (IBMX), tolbutamide or 30 mM KCl, but was decreased in the presence of verapamil, diazoxide and Ca2+ chelation. EECS also depolarized the β-cell membrane and elevated intracellular Ca2+, suggesting the involvement of a KATP-dependent pathway. Furthermore, EECS increased glucose uptake and insulin action in 3T3-L1 cells and inhibited dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) enzyme activity, starch digestion and protein glycation in vitro. Oral administration of EECS improved glucose tolerance and plasma insulin as well as inhibited plasma DPP-IV and increased active GLP-1 (7-36) levels in high-fat-diet-fed rats. Flavonoids and other phytochemicals present in EECS could be responsible for these effects. Further research on the mechanism of action of EECS compounds could lead to the development of cost-effective treatments for type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prawej Ansari
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy and Public Health, Independent University, Bangladesh (IUB), Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - J. M. A. Hannan
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy and Public Health, Independent University, Bangladesh (IUB), Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Samara T. Choudhury
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy and Public Health, Independent University, Bangladesh (IUB), Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Sara S. Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy and Public Health, Independent University, Bangladesh (IUB), Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Abdullah Talukder
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy and Public Health, Independent University, Bangladesh (IUB), Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Veronique Seidel
- Natural Products Research Laboratory, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
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Puri V, Kanojia N, Sharma A, Huanbutta K, Dheer D, Sangnim T. Natural product-based pharmacological studies for neurological disorders. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1011740. [PMID: 36419628 PMCID: PMC9676372 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1011740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) disorders and diseases are expected to rise sharply in the coming years, partly because of the world's aging population. Medicines for the treatment of the CNS have not been successfully made. Inadequate knowledge about the brain, pharmacokinetic and dynamic errors in preclinical studies, challenges with clinical trial design, complexity and variety of human brain illnesses, and variations in species are some potential scenarios. Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are multifaceted and lack identifiable etiological components, and the drugs developed to treat them did not meet the requirements of those who anticipated treatments. Therefore, there is a great demand for safe and effective natural therapeutic adjuvants. For the treatment of NDDs and other memory-related problems, many herbal and natural items have been used in the Ayurvedic medical system. Anxiety, depression, Parkinson's, and Alzheimer's diseases (AD), as well as a plethora of other neuropsychiatric disorders, may benefit from the use of plant and food-derived chemicals that have antidepressant or antiepileptic properties. We have summarized the present level of knowledge about natural products based on topological evidence, bioinformatics analysis, and translational research in this review. We have also highlighted some clinical research or investigation that will help us select natural products for the treatment of neurological conditions. In the present review, we have explored the potential efficacy of phytoconstituents against neurological diseases. Various evidence-based studies and extensive recent investigations have been included, which will help pharmacologists reduce the progression of neuronal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Puri
- Chitkara School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Baddi, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Neha Kanojia
- Chitkara School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Baddi, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Ameya Sharma
- Chitkara School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Baddi, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Kampanart Huanbutta
- School of Pharmacy, Eastern Asia University, Rangsit, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Divya Dheer
- Chitkara School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Baddi, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Tanikan Sangnim
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Burapha University, Muang, Chon Buri, Thailand
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Moghaddam A, Ranjbar R, Yazdanian M, Tahmasebi E, Alam M, Abbasi K, Hosseini ZS, Tebyaniyan H. The Current Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activities of Synthetic/Herbal/Biomaterials in Dental Application. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:8856025. [PMID: 35958811 PMCID: PMC9363208 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8856025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Herbal and chemical products are used for oral care and biofilm treatment and also have been reported to be controversial in the massive trials conducted in this regard. The present review is aimed at evaluating the potential of relevant herbal and chemical products and comparing their outcomes to conventional oral care products and summarizing the current state of evidence of the antibiofilm properties of different products by evaluating studies from the past eleven years. Chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX), essential oils (EOs), and acetylpyridinium chloride were, respectively, the most commonly studied agents in the included studies. As confirmed by all systematic reviews, CHX and EO significantly control the plaque formation and gingival indices. Fluoride is another interesting reagent in oral care products that has shown promising results of oral health improvement, but the evidence quality needs to be refined. The synergy between natural plants and chemical products should be targeted in the future to accede to the formation of new, efficient, and healthy anticaries strategies. Moreover, to discover their biofilm-interfering or biofilm-inhibiting activities, effective clinical trials are needed. In this review article, therapeutic applications of herbal/chemical materials in oral biofilm infections are discussed in recent years (2010-2022).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Moghaddam
- Research Center for Prevention of Oral and Dental Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Ranjbar
- Research Center for Prevention of Oral and Dental Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- School of Dentistry, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Yazdanian
- Research Center for Prevention of Oral and Dental Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elahe Tahmasebi
- Research Center for Prevention of Oral and Dental Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Alam
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamyar Abbasi
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Sadat Hosseini
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, School of Biological Science, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Tebyaniyan
- Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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16
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Malva parviflora Leaves and Fruits Mucilage as Natural Sources of Anti-Inflammatory, Antitussive and Gastro-Protective Agents: A Comparative Study Using Rat Models and Gas Chromatography. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15040427. [PMID: 35455424 PMCID: PMC9030788 DOI: 10.3390/ph15040427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Malva parviflora L., Little mallow, has been traditionally used as an alternative food source. It acts as a medicinal herb containing a potential source of mucilage thus herein; we aimed to assess the toxicity, anti-inflammatory, antitussive and gastro-protective actions of M. parviflora mucilage extracted from its leaves (MLM) and fruit (MFM). Toxicity studies were investigated by in vitro hemolytic assay whereas acute anti-inflammatory and antitussive activities were assessed by carrageenan-induced paw edema and sulphur dioxide induced cough model in rats, respectively. Gastro-protective effects were studied using ethanol induced acute and chronic gastric ulcer rat models. Their metabolic profiles were determined using gas chromatography. The results revealed that MLM and MFM were non-toxic towards human erythrocytes and their lethal doses were found to be greater than 5 g/kg. Pretreatment with MLM (500 mg/kg) and MFM (500 mg/kg) significantly reduced the carrageenan-induced paw thickness (p < 0.001). Maximum edema inhibition (%) was observed at 4 h in diclofenac sodium (39.31%) followed by MLM (27.35%) and MFM (15.68%). Animals pretreated with MLM (500 mg/kg) significantly lower the cough frequency in SO2 gas induced cough models in contrast to control. Moreover, MLM at doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg reduced the ethanol induced gastric mucosal injuries in acute gastric ulcer models presenting ulcer inhibition of 23.04 and 38.74%, respectively. The chronic gastric ulcer model MFM (500 mg/kg) demonstrated a remarkable gastro-protective effect showing 63.52% ulcer inhibition and results were closely related to standard drug sucralfate. In both models, MLM and MFM decreased gastric juice volume and total acidity in addition to an increased gastric juice pH and gastric mucous content justifying an anti-secretary role of this mucilage that was further confirmed by histopathological examination. Meanwhile, GC analyses of the mucilage revealed their richness with natural as well as acidic monosaccharides. It is concluded that MLM and MFM can be used therapeutically for the management of inflammation, cough and gastric ulcer.
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Global Perspective of Plant-Based Cosmetic Industry and Possible Contribution of Sri Lanka to the Development of Herbal Cosmetics. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:9940548. [PMID: 35280508 PMCID: PMC8916882 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9940548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The global consumption of plant-based cosmetics has shown spectacular growth in recent years because of rising consumer awareness regarding the long-term health benefits of natural ingredients. As the global demand for herbal cosmetics increases, there are ample opportunities for Sri Lanka as a tropical Asian country to expand its productions and global exports along with its unique biodiversity and inherited traditional knowledge. Therefore, the present review attempts to give an overview of the widely used medicinal plants in the global herbal cosmetic industry and strengths, challenges, and possible solutions for the development of the herbal cosmetic industry of Sri Lanka. Information was collected using electronic search (using Pub Med, Science Direct, Web of Science, Google Scholar, TEEAL, and Scopus) for articles published in peer-reviewed journals, industrial reports, market surveys, and library search for local books on ethnobotany. Important plant-derived ingredients used in the global herbal cosmetic industry are essential oils, colorants, oils, fats, and waxes. The traditional usage of 108 medicinal plant species (belonging to 58 families) in cosmetic treatments was identified from the local books of Sri Lanka. Of these, 49 plant species were reported as new ingredients for the herbal cosmetic industry. However, the lack of ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological surveys to identify the cosmetic potential plants, insufficient or absence of continuous supply of raw materials for production in line with the existing demand, the lack of quality control of raw materials and finished cosmetic products, improper systematic cultivation systems for medicinal plants, poor postharvest practices, and the lack of innovations are major challenges encountered in Sri Lanka for the development of the herbal cosmetic industry. In conclusion, addressing these vital knowledge gaps is a timely requirement of the country for the sustainable development of the herbal cosmetic industry in Sri Lanka. Furthermore, assembling of the multidisciplinary cooperation of botanists, chemists, toxicologists, researchers, and biologists is crucial to analyze the interesting functional properties, efficacy, and effectiveness of documented medicinal plants with cosmetic potential.
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18
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de Miranda JF, Ruiz LF, Silva CB, Uekane TM, Silva KA, Gonzalez AGM, Fernandes FF, Lima AR. Kombucha: A review of substrates, regulations, composition, and biological properties. J Food Sci 2022; 87:503-527. [PMID: 35029317 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Kombucha has been gaining prominence around the world and becoming popular due to its good health benefits. This beverage is historically obtained by the tea fermentation of Camellia sinensis and by a biofilm of cellulose containing the symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast (SCOBY). The other substrates added to the C. sinensis tea have also been reported to help kombucha production. The type as well as the amount of sugar substrate, which is the origin of SCOBY, in addition to time and temperature of fermentation influence the content of organic acids, vitamins, total phenolics, and alcoholic content of kombucha. The route involved in the metabolite biotransformation identified in kombucha so far and the microorganisms involved in the process need to be further studied. Some nutritional properties and benefits related to the beverage have already been reported. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities and antidiabetic and anticarcinogenic effects are some of the beneficial effects attributed to kombucha. Nevertheless, scientific literature needs clinical studies to evaluate these benefits in human beings. The toxic effects associated with the consumption of kombucha are still unclear, but due to the possibility of adverse reactions occurring, its consumption is contraindicated in infants and pregnant women, children under 4-years-old, patients with kidney failure, and patients with HIV. The regulations in place for kombucha address a number of criteria, mainly for the pH and alcohol content, in order to guarantee the quality and safety of the beverage as well as to ensure transparency of information for consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Larissa Fernandes Ruiz
- Department of Bromatology, Pharmacy School, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Cíntia Borges Silva
- Department of Bromatology, Pharmacy School, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Thais Matsue Uekane
- Department of Bromatology, Pharmacy School, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Kelly Alencar Silva
- Department of Bromatology, Pharmacy School, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | - Adriene Ribeiro Lima
- Department of Bromatology, Pharmacy School, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
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19
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Krstić M, Stupar M, Đukić-Ćosić D, Baralić K, Mračević SĐ. Health risk assessment of toxic metals and toxigenic fungi in commercial herbal tea samples from Belgrade, Serbia. J Food Compost Anal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.104159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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20
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Mamadalieva NZ, Youssef FS, Hussain H, Zengin G, Mollica A, Al Musayeib NM, Ashour ML, Westermann B, Wessjohann LA. Validation of the Antioxidant and Enzyme Inhibitory Potential of Selected Triterpenes Using In Vitro and In Silico Studies, and the Evaluation of Their ADMET Properties. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216331. [PMID: 34770739 PMCID: PMC8587851 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory potential of fifteen cycloartane-type triterpenes’ potentials were investigated using different assays. In the phosphomolybdenum method, cycloalpioside D (6) (4.05 mmol TEs/g) showed the highest activity. In 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH*) radical and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) cation radical scavenging assays, cycloorbicoside A-7-monoacetate (2) (5.03 mg TE/g) and cycloorbicoside B (10) (10.60 mg TE/g) displayed the highest activities, respectively. Oleanolic acid (14) (51.45 mg TE/g) and 3-O-β-d-xylopyranoside-(23R,24S)-16β,23;16α,24-diepoxycycloart-25(26)-en-3β,7β-diol 7-monoacetate (4) (13.25 mg TE/g) revealed the highest reducing power in cupric ion-reducing activity (CUPRAC) and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays, respectively. In metal-chelating activity on ferrous ions, compound 2 displayed the highest activity estimated by 41.00 mg EDTAE/g (EDTA equivalents/g). The tested triterpenes showed promising AChE and BChE inhibitory potential with 3-O-β-d-xylopyranoside-(23R,24S)-16β,23;16α,24-diepoxycycloart-25(26)-en-3β,7β-diol 2′,3′,4′,7-tetraacetate (3), exhibiting the highest inhibitory activity as estimated from 5.64 and 5.19 mg GALAE/g (galantamine equivalent/g), respectively. Compound 2 displayed the most potent tyrosinase inhibitory activity (113.24 mg KAE/g (mg kojic acid equivalent/g)). Regarding α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition, 3-O-β-d-xylopyranoside-(23R,24S)-16β,23;16α,24-diepoxycycloart-25(26)-en-3β,7β-diol (5) (0.55 mmol ACAE/g) and compound 3 (25.18 mmol ACAE/g) exerted the highest activities, respectively. In silico studies focused on compounds 2, 6, and 7 as inhibitors of tyrosinase revealed that compound 2 displayed a good ranking score (−7.069 kcal/mole) and also that the ΔG free-binding energy was the highest among the three selected compounds. From the ADMET/TOPKAT prediction, it can be concluded that compounds 4 and 5 displayed the best pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic behavior, with considerable activity in most of the examined assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilufar Z. Mamadalieva
- Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy Sciences of Uzbekistan, Tashkent 100170, Uzbekistan
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (H.H.); (B.W.); (L.A.W.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Fadia S. Youssef
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt; (F.S.Y.); (M.L.A.)
| | - Hidayat Hussain
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (H.H.); (B.W.); (L.A.W.)
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya 42130, Turkey;
| | - Adriano Mollica
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Nawal M. Al Musayeib
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohamed L. Ashour
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt; (F.S.Y.); (M.L.A.)
| | - Bernhard Westermann
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (H.H.); (B.W.); (L.A.W.)
| | - Ludger A. Wessjohann
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (H.H.); (B.W.); (L.A.W.)
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21
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Zhang Q, Zhao Y, Zhang M, Zhang Y, Ji H, Shen L. Recent advances in research on vine tea, a potential and functional herbal tea with dihydromyricetin and myricetin as major bioactive compounds. J Pharm Anal 2021; 11:555-563. [PMID: 34765268 PMCID: PMC8572699 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vine tea has been used as an herbal tea by several ethnic minorities for hundreds of years in China. Flavonoids, a kind of indispensable component in a variety of nutraceutical, pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications, are identified to be the major metabolites and bioactive ingredients in vine tea. Interestingly, vine tea exhibits a wide range of significant bioactivities including anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, antidiabetic, neuroprotective and other activities, but no toxicity. These bioactivities, to some extent, enrich the understanding about the role of vine tea in disease prevention and therapy. The health benefits of vine tea, particularly dihydromyricetin and myricetin, are widely investigated. However, there is currently no comprehensive review available on vine tea. Therefore, this report summarizes the most recent studies investigating bioactive constituents, pharmacological effects and possible mechanisms of vine tea, which will provide a better understanding about the health benefits and preclinical assessment of novel application of vine tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qili Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong 255000, China
| | - Yanfang Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong 255000, China
| | - Meiyan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Yalu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College, Jining, Shandong 272100, China
| | - Hongfang Ji
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong 255000, China
| | - Liang Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong 255000, China
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22
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Therapeutic Promises of Medicinal Plants in Bangladesh and Their Bioactive Compounds against Ulcers and Inflammatory Diseases. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10071348. [PMID: 34371551 PMCID: PMC8309353 DOI: 10.3390/plants10071348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
When functioning properly, the stomach is the center of both physical and mental satisfaction. Gastrointestinal disorders, or malfunctioning of the stomach, due to infections caused by various biological entities and physiochemical abnormalities, are now widespread, with most of the diseases being inflammatory, which, depending on the position and degree of inflammation, have different names such as peptic or gastric ulcers, irritable bowel diseases, ulcerative colitis, and so on. While many synthetic drugs, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, are now extensively used to treat these diseases, their harmful and long-term side effects cannot be ignored. To treat these diseases safely and successfully, different potent medicinal plants and their active components are considered game-changers. In consideration of this, the present review aimed to reveal a general and comprehensive updated overview of the anti-ulcer and anti-inflammatory activities of medicinal plants. To emphasize the efficacy of the medicinal plants, various bioactive compounds from the plant extract, their experimental animal models, and clinical trials are depicted.
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Barreto M, Carvalho J, Michel A, Corrêa N, Silva F, Gomes D, Goes A, Melo M. Extract from Arrabidaea chica (Fridericia chica) leaves show preventive action for the mitigation of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-12122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - F.C. Silva
- Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - D.A. Gomes
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - A.M. Goes
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - M.M. Melo
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
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24
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Nehal N, Choudhary B, Nagpure A, Gupta RK. DNA barcoding: a modern age tool for detection of adulteration in food. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2021; 41:767-791. [PMID: 33530758 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2021.1874279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Globalization of the food trade requires precise and exact information about the origin, methods of production, transformation technologies, authentication, and the traceability of foodstuffs. New challenges in food supply chains such as deliberate fraudulent substitution, tampering or mislabeling of food and its ingredients or food packaging incapacitates the market and eventually the national economy. Currently, no proper standards have been established for the authentication of most of the food materials. However, in order to control food fraud, various robust and cost-effective technologies have been employed, like a spectrophotometer, GC-MS, HPLC, and DNA barcoding. Among these techniques, DNA barcoding is a biotechnology advantage with the principle of using 400-800 bp long standardized unique DNA sequences of mitochondrial (e.g. COI) or plastidial (e.g. rbcL) of nuclear origin (e.g. ITS) to analyze and classify the food commodities. This review covers several traded food commodities like legumes, seafood, oils, herbal products, spices, fruits, cereals, meat, and their unique barcodes which are critically analyzed to detect adulteration or fraud. DNA barcoding is a global initiative and it is being accepted as a global standard/marker for species identification or authentication. The research laboratories and industries should collaborate to realize its potential in setting standards for quality assurance, quality control, and food safety for different food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazish Nehal
- University School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Dwarka, India
| | - Bharti Choudhary
- School of Studies in Biotechnology, Pt. Ravi Shankar Shukla University, Raipur, India
| | - Anand Nagpure
- Biology Division, State Forensic Science Laboratory, Bhopal, India
| | - Rajinder K Gupta
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India
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25
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Guzman JPMD, De las Alas TPL, Lucban MC, Sevilla CEC. Green tea ( Camellia sinensis) extract inhibits biofilm formation in acyl homoserine lactone-producing, antibiotic-resistant Morganella morganii isolated from Pasig River, Philippines. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05284. [PMID: 33134581 PMCID: PMC7586116 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The drastic development of urban districts around the world has caused changes in the environment, specifically on metropolitan waterways such as the Pasig River in the Philippines. These significant changes resulted in diversity of microorganisms and their mechanisms employed such as antibiotic resistance and their communication system or quorum sensing (QS). In this study, four bacterial isolates from Pasig River, identified as Aeromonas salmonicida, Acinetobacter sp., Morganella morganii, and Citrobacter freundii, were observed to employ short-chain acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) as their signalling molecule based on in vitro assays using the biosensor strain Chromobacterium violaceum CV026. Furthermore, M. morganii isolate was shown to be resistant to chloramphenicol. This poses a significant threat not just to public health but also to the aquatic life present in the river. Thus, green tea (Camellia sinensis) extract was tested for its capability to inhibit in vitro biofilm formation in M. morganii, as well as the short-chain acyl homoserine lactone QS system using C. violaceum ATCC 12472. Results showed that the extract significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited biofilm formation in M. morganii at as low as 62.5 μg/mL (31.55%). Increasing the concentration (500 μg/mL) did not significantly (p > 0.05) enhance the activity (41.21%). Furthermore, the extract also inhibited pigmentation in C. violaceum ATCC 12472, suggesting QS inhibition. This study adds into record the production of short-chain AHLs by Aeromonas salmonicida, Acinetobacter sp., Morganella morganii, and Citrobacter freundii, as well as the potential of green tea extract as inhibitor of biofilm formation in antibiotic-resistant M. morganii possibly through QS inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Paul Matthew D. Guzman
- The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
- Environment and Biotechnology Division, Industrial Technology Development Institute, Department of Science and Technology, Taguig City, Philippines
| | - Trisha Pamela L. De las Alas
- The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
- Globetek Science Foundation, Inc., Makati City, Philippines
| | - Margie C. Lucban
- The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | - Christine Eden C. Sevilla
- The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
- Service Laboratory, Food and Nutrition Research Institute, Department of Science and Technology, Taguig City, Philippines
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26
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Genome-wide analysis and metabolic profiling unveil the role of peroxidase CsGPX3 in theaflavin production in black tea processing. Food Res Int 2020; 137:109677. [PMID: 33233254 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Plucked tea leaves can be processed into black tea (Camellia sinensis), which is rich in health-promoting molecules, including flavonoid antioxidants. During black tea processing, theaflavins (TFs) and thearubigins (TRs) are generated via the successive oxidation of catechins by endogenous polyphenol oxidase (PPO)- or peroxidase (POD)-mediated reactions. This process must be well controlled to achieve the proper TF/TR ratio, which is an important quality parameter of the tea beverage. However, little is known about the POD/PPO catalyzed TF formation process at the molecular genetic level. Here, we identified and characterized the POD genes responsible for TF production in tea. Genome-wide analysis of POD/PPO family genes, metabolite profiling, and expression analysis of PPO/POD genes in tea leaves enabled us to select several PPO/POD genes potentially involved in TF production. Differential gene expression in plant tissues and enzyme activity in several tea varieties traditionally used for processing of various beverage types indicate that black tea processing primarily depends on PPO/POD activity. Among these POD/PPO genes, the POD CsGPX3 is involved in the generation of TFs during black tea processing. The capacity of PPO/POD-catalysed TF production is potentially used for controlling catechin oxidation during black tea processing and could be used to create molecular markers for breeding of tea plant varieties suitable for the production of high-quality black tea beverages.
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27
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Zhang G, Yang J, Cui D, Zhao D, Li Y, Wan X, Zhao J. Transcriptome and Metabolic Profiling Unveiled Roles of Peroxidases in Theaflavin Production in Black Tea Processing and Determination of Tea Processing Suitability. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:3528-3538. [PMID: 32129069 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b07737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Theaflavins (TFs) are generated by endogenous polyphenol oxidase (PPO)- and peroxidase (POD)-catalyzed catechins oxidation during black tea processing, which needs to be well-controlled to obtain a proper TFs/thearubigins (TRs) ratio for better quality. Not all leaves from any tea plant cultivars or varieties are suitable for making high-quality black teas, regardless of the processing techniques. The mechanisms underlying TFs formation and the main factors determining the tea leaf processing suitability are not fully understood. We here integrated transcriptome and metabolite profiling of tea leaves to unveil how enzymes or metabolites in leaves are changed during black tea processing. The information enabled us to identify several PPO and POD genes potentially involved in tea processing for TF production. We characterized a POD gene, whose recombinant enzyme showed TF creation activity. The capacity for POD-catalyzed TF production could be used as a molecular marker for breeding tea plant varieties suitable for high-quality black tea production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, College of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Jihong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, College of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Dandan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, College of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Dandan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, College of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yingying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, College of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xiaochun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, College of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, College of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
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28
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Antioxidant Activity of Polyphenolic Plant Extracts. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 9:antiox9010019. [PMID: 31878236 PMCID: PMC7022939 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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